Dissertationen zum Thema „Mécanisme de contact“
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Moureau, Frédérique. „Biodégradation des polymères au contact des tissus : mécanisme et applications“. Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrozet, Martial. „Analyse tribologique du contact siège-soupape d'un moteur diesel“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWithin diesel engines, the valve-seat contact is one of the few non-lubricated contacts. Due to the lack of lubrication it is exposed to significant degradation. It is put in evidence by material removal at the intake valve. This material pull out is promoted by the replication of combustion cycles (500 million) and by severe operating conditions (pressure 18 MPa). The wear can possibly lead to gas leakage and to the engine failure. In this context, the target of this work was to understand degradation mechanisms of the valve-seat contact in order to identify parameters affecting its wear. To address this question, the chosen approach based on the tribological triplet and material flows within the contact involved a double numerical and experimental vision. A dynamic model and a valvetrain test bench showed that the wear flows could be activated by the architecture of the valve opening system. Therefore, the limitation of these flows is obtained by the control of the "global" geometry of the system and thus without modification of materials. In the same way, a finite element model focusing on the local response of the 1st bodies (seat-valve) made it possible to highlight the impact of the "local" geometry of the contact. The change of this geometry is a lever to limit shear stresses applied to 1st bodies which reduces the tearing of particles (internal source flow) and therefore wear. Finally, tests carried out on the engine and on a specifically adapted test bench made it possible to finalize the understanding of degradation mechanisms (source flow, wear flow ...). Morphological interpretations of worn surfaces in terms of material flows made it possible to understand the build up stages of a protective layer : the 3rd body (internal flow). One solution to promote this internal flow is the optimized use of pollutants from combustion. For example, the burned oil in contact (external source flow), which is a priori harmful, becomes an opportunity here. In the same way, un-burned hydrocarbons from the combustion of biodiesel help to protect the contact
Renault, Jean-Christophe. „Étude du mécanisme de dégradation du méthanol au contact du nickel dans le cadre d'une boucle fluide diphasique à pompage capillaire“. Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the railway field the constraints on electric traction systems are such that these systems constitute a separate branch of electronics, called "power electronics". Furthermore, the needs for cooling these systems are increased by the presence of very high electrical currents flowing in these systems. An adaptation to the railway field of two-phase fluid capillary pumped loops, initially designed for space applications, could be an advantageous response to this cooling need. The capillary pumped loops are passive and modular heat transfer devices, characterized by their highly efficient and highly reliable behavior. The vaporization of the heat transfer fluid takes place in a porous wick, generating a pressure difference between the vapor and the liquid phase, allowing the setting in motion of the fluid throughout the system. They therefore operate without pump or any mechanical element to set the fluid in motion. Adaptations have been made by ALSTOM and EHP (Euro Heat Pipe) on these loops, leading to a prototype called "Capillary Pumped Loop for Integrated Power" (CPLIP). The goal of this PhD, in this context, is to study the chemical compatibility of methanol, which is the fluid used in the CPLIP, with the material of the CPLIP wick based on sintered nickel. Their compatibility will be mainly studied for temperatures higher than those currently encountered in the loop, to take into account the increase of operating temperature due to the development of silicon carbide in power electronics.Two test benches have been developed specifically for the study of the aging of a couple fluid/catalytic solid in contact. The first one is a batch reactor used to determine the reaction kinetics. A second test bench has been designed with the aim to partially reproduce the operating conditions of the CPLIP. Because of the constraints related to the study of the reaction including analysis of the chemical compounds, it was not possible to generate capillary pumping to the setting in motion of the fluid. A gravitational two-phase fluid loop has therefore been developed. Since the use of this process is quite complex, a part of this work is devoted to describe its thermal behavior, using experimental results as well as a simple numerical model. On these two test benches, a gas chromatograph was used to perform chemical analyzes. Surface characterization tests, using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectrophotometry and BET analyzes, provided a more accurate knowledge of the surface area of the sintered nickel. Analyzes were also carried out after reaction, in order to obtain more information on the evolution of the surface state during the reaction. Various tests were then carried out for different temperatures and particle sizes which allowed us to offer a degradation mechanism of methanol in contact with the nickel of the porous wick. Finally, first tests were carried out on the gravitational two-phase fluid loop in order to study the degradation of methanol under conditions representative to those encountered in industrial loops
Camolezi, Marcos Daniel. „La causalité chez Henri Bergson : formation d'une pensée au contact des sciences expérimentales“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H210.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to understand the formation and the role of the causality concept in the philosophy of Henri Bergson (1859-1941 ), notably in the period from 1889 to 1907. Its first part is devoted to exposing the redefinition of causality concept within Time and Consciousness (1889). In this book, a set of statements were assumed by the philosopher so that causality in general becomes a sort of "psychological causality", particularly in order to question the importance of the concept of causality itself in determining the inner experience of time. It is our intent to underscore how this change is operated on a cautious philosophical basis. In the second part of this work, we try to disclose how Bergson abandons the path of the theory of knowledge on behalf of an ontology based on controversial physiological bases, notably regarding the idea of body, which the author presents in Matter and memory (1896). It is from the conceptual unfolding of a causality conceived as the "feeling of effort'' that we are concerned here. Finally, the third part of the thesis presents an overall reflection on the points of view mentioned above. In it, the relevance of the two causalities is highlighted by the analysis of an unpublished course by Georges Canguilhem, in which the problem of causality in Bergson's philosophy is valued according to the way in which we Il)' to understand and reveal it here. Thus, the discussion on the difficulties of material action may represent a prelude to the comprehension of the specificity of the problem of technical invention
Esta tese tem por objetivo compreender a formação e o papel do conceito de causalidade na filosofia de Henri Bergson (1859-1941), notadamente no período de 1889 a 1907. Sua primeira parte é dedicada à exposição da redefinição do conceito de causalidade dentro do Ensaio sobre os dados imediatos da consciência (1889). Neste livro, para que a causalidade em geral torne-se certa “causalidade psicológica”, uma série de posicionamentos teve de ser tomada pelo filósofo no intuito de questionar a importância de tal conceito na determinação da experiência interna do tempo. É nosso propósito pôr em evidência como essa mudança é operada sobre bases filosóficas seguras. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, procuramos expor como Bergson abandona a via da teoria do conhecimento em prol de uma ontologia fundamentada em bases fisiológicas inseguras, notadamente no que concerne à ideia de corpo que o autor apresenta em Matéria e memória (1896). Do ponto de vista filosófico, sua concepção de subjetividade, definida a partir de um campo de possibilidades, deixa em aberto modo como esse campo transforma-se, em retorno, da possibilidade à realidade. Dito de outro modo, o filósofo garante a especificidade da ação metafísica com precisão filosófica, mas não avança sobre o problema da realização com grau de precisão comparável. Com efeito, em algumas circunstâncias no ínterim de Matéria e memória (1896) e A evolução criadora (1907), Bergson ocupa-se do problema da realização em referência explícita ao próprio problema da causalidade. É dos desdobramentos conceituais desta causalidade concebida como “sentimento do esforço” que nos ocupamos aqui. Por fim, a terceira parte deste trabalho apresenta uma reflexão de conjunto sobre os pontos de vista acima mencionados. Nela, a relevância das duas causalidades é posta em destaque através da análise de um curso inédito de Georges Canguilhem, em que a problemática da causalidade na filosofia de Bergson é valorizada segundo o modo como procuramos entendê-la e expô-la nesta tese. Assim, a discussão das dificuldades da ação material poderá representar um prelúdio à compreensão da especificidade do problema da invenção técnica
Wang, Yu. „Multi-scale investigation and analysis of the friction behavior and wear in the manufacturing of the woven composite reinforcements“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MULH7126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the manufacturing process of textile reinforcements, friction between twisted yarns is a critical factor that significantly influences the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. Excessive friction can deteriorate these properties. This study develops a comprehensive analytical framework to understand the friction behavior in the manufacturing of textile reinforcements. Two novel analytical models were introduced to describe friction behaviorof yarns. The models account for the full-scale contact dynamics influenced. Experimental validations confirm the model's efficacy by providing a detailed characterization of friction under various conditions, which reveal the influence of critical parameters on friction behavior of fabric architectures. Additionally, an innovative numerical model for predicting yarn friction and wear behavior was introduced, incorporating both geometric and mechanical components. A yarn model,considering fiber damage behavior based on the Timoshenko beam, was developed to explore friction and wear during reinforcement manufacturing. The model effectively addresses penetration problems through self-coding and was validated by experimental results and microCT imaging, confirming its accuracy. This method provides valuable insights into the mechanical response of yarns during reinforcement manufacturing, allowing for an in-depth understanding of the effect of yarn geometrical and mechanical parameters on friction and wear behavior. Future improvements can further characterize friction behavior during composite forming and optimize the manufacturing process, promoting longer product lifespans and reduced waste
Vincent, Julien. „Étude expérimentale des interactions aube-abradable à très grandes vitesses : influence du matériau et de sa microstructure“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0334.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe turbofan efficiency can be improved by minimizing the blade-casing gap, thus reducing the aerodynamic loss. The reduced gap conduces to contact risk between the high-speed rotating blades and the engine case. Sacrificial materials, called abradable materials, are deposited on the casing to limit the damage caused by these contacts. These interactions involve a lot of damage mechanisms, which can be adverse or beneficial to the proper performance of the abradable seal and to the reliability of the engine. The aim of this thesis is to understand, predict and quantify the different damages and the interaction forces associated for abradable materials obtained with different process parameters. A triaxial dynamometer was developed to reproduce the local high-speed interactions (50 – 300 m/s) between the blade tip and the abradable material during transitional phases. The interaction forces measurement during short-lived contacts (300 µs – 1 ms) requires a large bandwidth. A correction method based on experimental modal analysis was implemented to extend the natural bandwidth of the device and attenuate the crosstalk between the different measurement channels. The damage mechanisms of abradable materials were studied by post-mortem analysis and correlated to the interaction forces and velocity
Delebarre, Corentin. „Etude expérimentale des systèmes d'étanchéité de type labyrinthe pour turbomachine par l'étude du contact grande vitesse“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleS of turbomachinery. Especially in the secondary air sealing system, the tight clearance between the stationary and rotating parts improves control of engine seals and cooling levels between the different modules of the engines but may cause undesirable interactions between the static and rotating components. Dynamic sealing systems are composed of labyrinth seals coupled to a sacrificial abradable coating, which can accommodate interactions to preserve the global geometrical seal integrity. The objective of this thesis is to study and reproduce, through a technological high speed test rig specifically designed for the study, the labyrinth-abradable interactions applied to stainless steel/Al-Si 6% couple, under similar turbo-engine operating conditions. A suitable instrumentation is developed on the test ring to complete missing experimental data to characterize abradable labyrinth interactions. A tribological study, based on the third body concept, is proposed to identify wear mechanisms process of the Al-Si 6% coating. The influence of interaction control parameters and the seal geometry was investigated. Finally, a statistical study, based on the iconography of the correlation, is proposed to model the overall labyrinth-abradable system behavior and to identify influential parameters of the system and provide suitable criteria to monitor labyrinth seal interactions. This work was achieved within the framework of cooperation between TURBOMECA Bordes (SAFRAN Group), and the Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP) de Tarbes
Raffalli, Chloé. „Les allergies cutanées aux fragrances : mécanisme d'action et rôle du facteur de transcription Nrf2. Du modèle 2D au modèle 3D“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS045/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) represents a severe health problem. It is a dendritic cells (DCs) mediated skin disease caused by repeated exposure to an allergenic compound. ACD cases of fragrances in general population is estimated from 1.7 % to 4.1%. Contact sensitizers are compounds termed haptens and they will form a conjugate with epidermis and dermis proteins. Example is cinnamaldehyde (CinA), a molecule found in cinnamon. Linalool and limonene are terpenes found in lavender and oranges. In contact with the air, they will autoxidize to form highly allergenic compounds: allylic hydroperoxides. The first aim of this thesis was to study the mechanism of action of those terpenes and their respective allylic hydroperoxides on THP-1 cell-line, described as a surrogate of DCs. The transcription factor Nrf2 is playing a major role in oxidative stress and was also investigated.Consumers of cosmetic products are exposed to low quantities of allergenic compounds, but several times a day or a week. We wanted to study repeated exposure of low concentration of haptens on the skin.KCs also play a key role in ACD: they are the first cells that will encounter the allergenic compound in the skin. The second aim of this thesis was to study the impact of repeated exposure of low concentrations of CinA on those KCs and more particularly on the epidermis differenciation, using a 3D organotypic culture of skin
Tran, Thierry. „Programmation graphique interactive de tâches non répétitives de manipulation au contact“. Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFathi, Ali. „Dégradation des aspérités des joints rocheux sous différentes conditions de chargement“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8176.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract: The objective of the current research is to interpret the asperity degradation of rock joints under different loading conditions. For this aim, the changes of asperities during different stages of shearing in the three-dimensional joint surface are tracked. According to a concept named ‘tiny window’, a new methodology for the characterization of the joint surfaces was developed. The methodology is based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the joints surface that are captured before and after each test. After the reconstruction of geometric models of joint surface, in-contact areas were identified according to the height comparison of the face to face tiny windows. Therefore, the distribution and size of just in-contact areas, in-contact damaged areas and not in-contact areas are identified. Image analysis method was used to verify the results of the proposed method. The results indicated that the proposed method is suitable for determining the size and distribution of the contact and damaged areas at any shearing stage. A total of 38 replicas were prepared by pouring non-shrinking cement mortar on a fresh joint surface of a split granite block. Various loading conditions include monotonic and cyclic loading were applied to study the asperities degradation at different stages of shearing. The geometric properties of the in-contact tiny windows in the pre-peak, peak, post-peak softening and residual shearing stages were investigated based on their angle and height. It was found that those asperities facing the shear direction have the primary role in shearing. It is remarkable that different part of these asperities has their own special cooperation in shearing. The steepest parts (steeper tiny windows) are wore and the flatter parts (flatter tiny windows) are slid. The borderlines between these tiny windows defined as “damaged threshold angle” and “in-contact threshold angle”. By increasing normal load, both the amounts of threshold angles are decreased and contact and damaged areas increased. During low numbers of cycles (with low amplitude and frequency), independent of the type of cycle, contraction occurs and consequently the contact area and the shear strength parameters slightly increased. During larger number of cycles, degradation occurred on the second order asperities, therefore the shear strength parameters slowly decreased. It was also observed that tiny windows with different heights participate in the shearing process, not just the highest ones. The results of the proposed method indicated that considering differences between just in-contact areas and damaged areas provide useful insights into understanding the shear mechanism of rock joints.
Cheret-Bitterlin, Estelle. „Etude des mécanismes de la pégosité (tack) de systèmes élastomère / verre“. Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0460.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKounoudji, Komla Apelete. „"Intimité tribologique" des contacts d'un assemblage boulonné. Contrôle du serrage, du dévissage, ...des assemblages d'aéro-structures et conséquences sur leur conception“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI055/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the use of bolts in the fifteenth century to assemble two parts, the bolted assemblies have the interrogations according to the understanding of their operating and failures occurring, such as the variation of the clamping force leading to, self-loosening, loss of sealing performance, cracks initialization, ... In order to understand their operating, a methodology focused on tribological approach was established, enabling to disassemble a bolted assembly without loosen its, allowing to not change the contact conditions during loosening. So, all the bolted assemblies interfaces (nut/screw ‘‘threads’’ and ‘‘others than threads’’) constituting tribological triplets, have been studied according to the three stages of their full life-cycle (manufacturing, tightening and service) using configurations of different materials. An interactive dialogue between the experiments (fields measuring by digital images correlation, tribological analysis) and the numerical simulation (Finite Element Method, Discrete Element Method) has led to interpretations about the three stages. During the manufacturing, the rolling of screws generates tribological superficial transformations in subsurfaces of machined threads. Contrariwise, inside the volume of these machined screws, there is no tribological transformation. So, this manufacturing process creates a difference of microstructure in these screws, that could be a source of their fatigue properties destruction. During the tightening, it produces at ‘‘threads’’ interface a ‘‘dry-solid’’ mixture of third bodies, accommodating the speed jump between the screw and the nut. This mixture is the result of a reactivity between a grease used for bolted tightening and the particles, detached by plastic flow from a coating initially applied on the threads of nuts and/or bolts. At the end of the process, a part of the mixture remains trapped in the threads, playing the role of maintaining the clamping force. In these conditions, it appears that the friction varies depending of the rheology of the mixture, conditioning the variation of the clamping force. In service, contact instabilities (slip, peeling off, ...) have been identified in the interfaces. These instabilities lead to the formation of an oxidized third body in ‘‘others than threads’’ interfaces. This oxidized third body represents a surplus of material and can increase mechanical stresses in the assemblies. In the nut/screw ‘‘threads’’ interface, it was found that if the mixture of third bodies trapped during the tightening stage is not cohesive, it is extruded, initializing the loss of clamping force. Based on the findings, the interactions between multiple tribological circuits lead to converge to a scenario of bolted assemblies operating, allowing to solve their failures by re-designing (create discharge grooves, ...)
Scheibert, Julien. „Mécanique du contact aux échelles mésoscopiques“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172935.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa mesure MEMS a permis d'obtenir les champs de contrainte sous charge normale et en glissement stationnaire, en très bon accord avec des modèles mécaniques simples. Pour des substrats de rugosité périodique le lien entre spectre des contraintes et topographie de surface a pu être interprété en termes de filtrage spectral, pertinent pour comprendre la perception tactile.
La mesure optique a permis, en analysant la répartition spatiale de l'intensité, d'obtenir le champ de pression de surface. Sa dépendance avec les propriétés de la couche rugueuse a été confrontée au modèle de Greenwood-Tripp. Par suivi des aspérités, le champ de déplacement a été mesuré avec une résolution sub-micronique et a mis en évidence la coexistence de zones glissantes et adhérentes prédite par Cattaneo et Mindlin.
Matei, Andaluzia Cristina. „Modélisation mathématique en mécanique du contact“. Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0453.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is the study of some boundary value contact problem, with or without friction, between a body and a foundation. We consider the case of small deformations and we study quasistatic process for elastic, viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials. The results obtained concern the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions as well as the behaviour of the viscoelastic solutions as the viscosity converges to zero. The thesis is structured in four parts. In the first part we present the different mechanical models and we recall some tools of functional analysis. The second part is devoted to the study of viscoelastic frictionless contact problems with normal compliance and Signorini condition. In the third part, we are interested in the study of antiplane problems with Tresca's friction, for linearly elastic and viscoelastic materials. Finally, the fourth part is devoted to the study of viscoplastic contact problems with normal damped response and friction
Mrad, Hatem. „Simulation probabiliste du problème de contact mécanique“. Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1744.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a classical finite element model, physical and material properties as well as the boundary conditions are generally considered as being deterministic and constant in a statistical sense. With this observation in mind, the validity of the solution obtained from such a model could be questionable. However, accepting that the laws of physics evolve randomly raises many questions. To address them, this research project will use the stochastic finite element method to study some academic and industrial applications to analyze the effect of random variation of the parameters of these laws on the solution. The discretization is a key step of this method which contributes to the construction of the matrix system. After applying conditioning technique, it’s possible to build the finite element response after resolution. When the probability is associated with some parameters which constitute this system, then only the finite element discretization is no longer sufficient to produce the new matrix system which has random or stochastic process not already included in the equations. The use of the stochastic finite element method provides the way to include adequate probabilistic technique to makes an efficient reliability and a probabilistic study of the mechanical contact problem
Hannachi, Fasia. „Modélisation d'un contact électrique soumis à une contrainte mécanique“. Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10444.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePraquin, Jérôme. „Étude des revêtements et des paramètres de fonctionnement électrique, climatique et mécanique sur la conduction et la commutation de faibles courants des contacts électriques de type membrane“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study is to explore, understand and master the different electrical properties of electrical contacts made of flexible carbon membranes, which switch on metal tracks on a printed circuit board. These contacts are increasingly used in the automobile because they have interesting mechanical properties for the user, while providing a good reliability. At first, the electrical and mechanical parameters of these contacts are characterized, the switching phenomena on various types of loads are studied and the influence of contaminants and corrosion on the electrical conduction is examined. The evolution of insulation resistance in the presence of moisture is quantified. In a second step, an approach to reliability is achieved: the evolution of electrical and mechanical parameters of these contacts is studied when subjected to environmental stresses, especially moist and heat. The main types of damage are considered. We show in particular that mechanical failures come mainly from polymer and electrical failures from the PCB. The influence of a gold-plated printed for different thicknesses system side, is also studied. Our work continues with a slightly more fundamental study on switching phenomena in the presence of carbon materials. In this pioneering work, the optical signatures are discussed at the current break. A phenomenon called "glowing" is highlighted; limits current and voltage between "glowing" and electrical arcing are given, and compared with respect to the phenomena switching phenomena in metal contacts - type metal. The study concludes with a summary review on the use of contacts comprising a carbon pill, with their advantages and limitations
Quarré, De Boiry Aymar. „Mécanismes d'endommagement d'empilements de faible adhésion sous contact glissant“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066185/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this PhD thesis, the scratch mechanisms during sliding contact on thin layers with low adhesion have been investigated with a ball on plane tribometer that allows in-situ microscopic observations. In this work, experiments were carried out on glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4 model stacks and the impact of several parameters was studied: force, size of the ball, thickness of the overcoat, adhesion and friction coefficient.We have shown that the scratch process has three successive phases: initiation, development and steady state. Initiation begins with transverse cracks in the stack followed by delamination due to crack bifurcation at the interface above the silver layer. Only the characteristic size of these phenomena depends on parameters such as the thickness of the layer or its adhesion. After initiation, a phenomenon of pleating occurs even if confined under the contact and leads to the building of a pile of debris at the front of the contact zone by accumulation. Finally, in steady state, the scratch is only driven by the interaction between the pile of debris and the layers. It has been shown that the complexity of this interaction makes quasi-impossible any measure of adhesion based on the post mortem characteristics of the scratch.Finally, it has been shown that it is possible to improve the scratch resistance of a stack by patterning its silver layer at nanoscale. The origin of this improvement derives from an increase of adhesion due to pinning effect which has been demonstrated by using cleavage experiments
Quarré, De Boiry Aymar. „Mécanismes d'endommagement d'empilements de faible adhésion sous contact glissant“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this PhD thesis, the scratch mechanisms during sliding contact on thin layers with low adhesion have been investigated with a ball on plane tribometer that allows in-situ microscopic observations. In this work, experiments were carried out on glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4 model stacks and the impact of several parameters was studied: force, size of the ball, thickness of the overcoat, adhesion and friction coefficient.We have shown that the scratch process has three successive phases: initiation, development and steady state. Initiation begins with transverse cracks in the stack followed by delamination due to crack bifurcation at the interface above the silver layer. Only the characteristic size of these phenomena depends on parameters such as the thickness of the layer or its adhesion. After initiation, a phenomenon of pleating occurs even if confined under the contact and leads to the building of a pile of debris at the front of the contact zone by accumulation. Finally, in steady state, the scratch is only driven by the interaction between the pile of debris and the layers. It has been shown that the complexity of this interaction makes quasi-impossible any measure of adhesion based on the post mortem characteristics of the scratch.Finally, it has been shown that it is possible to improve the scratch resistance of a stack by patterning its silver layer at nanoscale. The origin of this improvement derives from an increase of adhesion due to pinning effect which has been demonstrated by using cleavage experiments
Akhadkar, Narendra. „Modélisation numérique des mécanismes. Influence des jeux, de la déformation et des impacts multiples“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDynamic simulation of multibody systems with unilateral contact and friction plays an important role in a wide range of industrial applications. It has become an integral part of new product development, verification/optimization of the design and to enhance the old products.This work is a part of collaboration between the BiPoP research team of INRIA Grenoble and the Schneider Electric company.The main goal of this thesis is to understand the influence of clearances in the revolute joints on the overall behaviour of the linkage mechanisms and specifically on the C-60 miniature circuit breaker where human safety must be guaranteed.In other words, the objective is to address the robustness of the C-60 breaker with respect to the production tolerances, which areexpressed in the form of dimensional and geometrical variations on the parts. These variations are the source of clearance in the joints of the mechanism.The radial clearance in the revolute joints is a source of variability in the initial conditions of the system and also the degradation of the system's performance. The degradation of the system isalways in the form of vibration, noise, very high reaction forces at the joints.The aim is to study the influence of initial conditions and the out-of-plane motion, so the polarization effect in three dimensional case.Another objective is to develop the time efficient virtual test bench to reproduce the measurements of real test bench in the laboratory using the open-source simulation software SICONOS which is based on the NonSmooth Contact Dynamic method (NSCD) introduced by J.J. Moreau and M. Jean.The NSCD scheme is proven to be a quite efficient numerical method, capable of handling complementarity conditions, as well as impacts and set-valued friction laws.The goal is to understand what is the most appropriate geometricdescription which allows to simulate very small clearances.The complete study is divided in two main sections.The progress through these partsgoes from the planar to the spatial case, the complexity follows the same advance.In the planar case, a four-bar mechanism with joint clearance, when one joint is actuated by collocated open-loop or state feedback controllers (PD, statefeedback linearization, passivity-based) is analysed. The focus is put on how much the performancedeteriorates when clearances are added in the joints. It is shown that collocated feedback controllersbehave in a robust way.In the spatial case, the C-60 mechanism is analysed precisely to explore the possibilities to relax the manufacturing tolerances on the parts withoutany compromise on either performance or the human safelyThe influence of the input, model and numerical uncertainties on the C-60 model is studied. The joint-wise influences of the clearance and coefficient of friction on theproduct performance are studied.To validate the simulation model, experiments are carried-out on the prototype samples and the results are compared with the simulations.We found quite good correlation between the virtual and experimental results.A statistical analysis~(worst-case and Monte Carlo simulation) has been carried out to find out the dispersion of the functional conditions.In addition to dimensional variations, the geometrical variations such as form, orientation and position tolerances are also analyzed.This research work shall help the designers to simulate the real time behaviour of the mechanical systems with the imperfect revolutejoint from the pre-design stage till the end of the design, to have good improvement on schedule and budget
Brunetti, Jacopo. „Mechanical energy balance of frictional contacts : From surface to solid energy dissipation in contact dynamic instabilities“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0118/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhenever relative motion between two system components occurs, through a dry contact interface, vibrations are induced by the frictional contact. The local dynamics at the contact (ruptures and wave generation) couples with the system dynamics, giving origin to vibrations and affecting the macroscopic frictional behavior of the system. In this thesis, in order to develop an overall approach to the investigation of the multi-physic phenomenon, the energy has been pointed out as a coupling physical characteristic among the several phenomena at the different scales. The formulation of a mechanical energy balance is used for distinguishing between two different dissipative terms, i.e. the dissipation by material/system damping and the dissipation at the contact. The energy flows coming from the frictional surfaces, by friction induced vibrations, excites the dynamic response of the system, and vice versa the influence of the system dynamic response on the local energy dissipation at the contact interface affects the related tribological phenomena. The friction-induced vibrations have been analyzed using three different approaches: the finite element approach, to investigate the coupling between the contact and system dynamics by the analysis of the energy flows; the experimental approach to validate the numerical results and observe the influence of phenomena not still included into the numerical model; a lumped parameter model approach to quickly investigate the effects of the system parameters. The numerical analysis by the 2D finite element model allowed investigating the repartition of the energy introduced into the mechanical system between the two dissipative terms (material damping and contact) during both stable and unstable friction-induced vibrations. In particular, it has been shown how the friction-induced vibrations modify the overall capacity of the system to absorb and dissipate energy; an estimation of the power dissipated at the contact, without considering the dynamic behavior of the system (energy flows by friction induced vibrations) can lead to significant error in the quantification of the dissipated energy at the contact, which affects directly several tribological phenomena. The experimental squeal measurements show how the same unstable modes are recovered both experimentally and numerically, validating the use of the 2D transient simulations for the reproduction of the unstable friction-induced vibrations. Once the energy balance formulated, it has been used on the lumped model to approach the instability over-prediction issue characteristic of the complex eigenvalue analysis. By energy considerations, a newer instability index (MAI) has been defined to compare the different unstable modes and to select the mode that becomes effectively unstable during the transient response. The Modal Absorption Index allows quantifying the capability of each mode to exchange energy with the external environment
Taub, Raphaelle. „Assemblages d'objets élancés : mécanique et effets de contact“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn object is said to be slender if at least one of its dimensions is small compared to the others. This characteristic makes it possible to impose important deformations on it while remaining in the elastic domain. If we assemble several of these objects, predicting the mechanical response of the assembly requires taking into account contact effects including friction and adhesion. In this thesis, we study two kind of assemblies. The first one is ensemble of plates and the second one of beams. We study in the first part two booklets whose pages are inserted two by two, a type of assembly that has become popular for the impressive results it produces when made with phonebooks. We have characterized the origin of the force that keeps the two booklets interleaved. In the second part we study the compression of a bundle of fibers connected by their ends. We also discuss the link between these experiments and the physics of painting
Duan, FangFang. „Numerical tribology of the wheel-rail contact : Application to corrugation defect“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor more than a century, rail corrugation has been exposed as one of the most serious problems experienced in railway networks. It also comes with a series of problems for maintenance, such as rolling noises and structural vibrations that can reduce lifetime of both train and track. This periodical phenomenon on rail surface is closely linked to wheel-rail contact dynamic, which depends on friction, train dynamics… To better understand corrugation birth conditions, a numerical model is suggested to complement the experimental limitations and to instrument a wheel-rail contact both locally and dynamically. At first, an appropriate tool was chosen to create the dynamic wheel-rail contact model to reproduce straight-track corrugation, also called “short-pitch” corrugation. The implicit dynamic finite element code Abaqus was chosen to investigate the dynamic local contact conditions. Both the origin and the evolution of straight-track corrugation under transient conditions (acceleration / deceleration) are studied. The parametrical sensibility of corrugation is thus investigated both with single/multiple wheel passing(s) and with geometric defect. A stick-slip phenomenon, linked to both wheel and rail dynamics coupled through the contact, is identified as the root of straight-track corrugation under transient conditions. Secondly, results obtained with the previous model have highlighted a quick decrease of corrugation amplitude with the increase of wheel passings over the rail. This last result seems to be in contradiction with reality. This problem comes from the difficulty to reliably manage contact dynamics, and particularly with local impacts, with the use of classical finite element models such as the one implemented in Abaqus. To compensate for this lack, a mass redistribution method is implemented in Abaqus and used with the previous case. The results show a more realistic corrugation growth according to the number of wheel passings
Fagiani, Ramona. „Tribological activation of tactile receptors by vibrations induced at the finger contact surface“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715822.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbadie, Michel. „Simulation dynamique de mécanismes, prise en compte du contact frottant“. Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Frédéric. „Contact, frottement, grandes déformations élastoplastiques : application à l'emboutissage“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDamiens, Bruno. „Modélisation de la lubrification sous-alimentée dans les contacts élastohydrodynamiques elliptiques“. Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0037/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe life of lubricated mechanisms is a function of the lubricant film thickness separating the contacting solids. The degree of lubricant starvation affects this film thickness and the life of the mechanisms. A free boundary model has been adopted. The lubricant distribution in the inlet of the contact is used as a boundary condition. The "multigrid" and "Multi-Level Multi-Integral" techniques, used to solve the equations describing the problem, are briefly exposed. The pressure field and the deformed geometry of the surfaces are obtained on the computational domain. This solution allows the validation of an analytical model developed to study the ejection flow and to quantify this flow in the boundary layer surrounding the contact. The flow is governed by the width of the boundary layer. This width, determines the contact response to a lubricant starvation. The dimensionless width can also be used to predict the persistence of local lubricant starvation, in a particular mechanism
Vincent, Sébastien. „Étude du collage par ahésion moléculaire entrant dans le cadre de la réalisation de substrats composites par la technologie Smart-Cut“. Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe molecular bonding consists in the adhesion between two flat and clean surfaces. This technology has many interests in the realization of stacked structures for the microelectronic industry. It is then necessary to have a good knowledge of the physical mechanism involved in this technology, which is the purpose of the PHD, the mechanisms given in this study are based on the contact theory and the storage and diffusion of hydrogen at the bonding interface. The bonding interface characterization by x-ray reflexion and infrared spectroscopy allowed the modelization of the proposed mechanisms
Ndiaye, Serigne Ndiaga. „Ultimate behavior of confined fluids under very high pressure and shear stress“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI104/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFriction in highly loaded lubricated contacts is a complex issue. Indeed, it highly depends on the lubricant rheological behaviour in the Hertzian region, which is not well known under such high pressure and high shear stress. Various experimental methods have been developed to explain the plateau-like behaviour in friction curves referred to as the limiting shear stress (LSS), but none of them provided a full picture of the real mechanisms involved. In a continuation of these efforts, some investigations are presented in this manuscript. The first challenge in this work is to carry out friction measurements under nominal isothermal conditions, meaning that even if thermal effects must occur in any friction measurement, it is possible to minimize them and to make the results almost insensitive to a weak energy dissipation within the experimental volume of interest. Minimizing shear heating of the lubricant help us to focus on the mechanical origin of the LSS and to better characterize its dependence to pressure and temperature. That’s why, first of all, a series of experiments was performed on two lubricants, a pure diester fluid (benzyl benzoate), and a commercial turbine mineral oil (Shell T9) with varying entrainment velocities. This allow us first to directly observe the influence of the lubricant shear heating on the LSS values and then to determine the experimental conditions which limit this thermal effect while ensuring a full film regime. The second objective is to characterize the frictional behavior of both lubricants under nominal isothermal conditions and over a wide range of pressure (up to 3 GPa) and temperature (up to 80°C) in order to establish a new uncoupled model to describe the temperature and pressure dependence of the limiting shear stress under highly loaded conditions. Finally, the study focuses on the understanding of the microscopic behavior of lubricants under extreme shear and pressure conditions. In situ Raman and Brillouin spectroscopy investigations were also conducted under static conditions, in order to study the lubricant phase changes under various pressure and temperature conditions
Peyruseigt, François. „Optimisation mécanique d'un contact conforme : application aux rotules aéronautiques“. Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001910/01/peyruseigt1.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main problem that occurs on spherical plain bearings is their spherical surfaces wear prediction that can cause their seizure. This wear is linked with the contact pressures field on the spherical bearing surfaces and with the interface tribological behaviour. Several contact pressure optimization tools are copared. To check their representativeness, scattered light photoelasticity and digital volume correlation tests were performed to compare their results to finite element model ones. The tribological behaviour of a spherical plain bearing was studied by performing elementary tests and on scalled bearings to select most efficient couples of coatings for this application. An influence analysis of the bearing design parameters and an optimisation of its spherical profile were performed to highlight improvement ways for the contact pressures distribution particularly for the edge effects attenuation
Oliveira, Seabra Jorge. „Influence de l'ondulation des surfaces sur le comportement des contacts hertziens secs ou lubrifies“. Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZaghdoudi, Siham. „Analyse des phénomènes d'usure par choc et frottement“. Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066639.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleColin, François. „Simulation thermique du contact : application aux mécanismes 2-D 3-D“. Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLauzier, Nicolas. „Mécanismes de sécurité pour l'interaction physique humain-robot : réduction des forces de contact par l'utilisation de limiteurs de couple dans la conception de robots manipulateurs“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28505/28505.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the analysis, synthesis, optimization, design and experimental validation of safety mechanisms in the context of physical human-robot interaction. In order to improve safety, which is essential to allow the coexistence of humans and robots, an approach based on the design of intrinsically safe manipulators is preferred to collision avoidance and detection systems for reliability reasons. The maximum contact force occuring during a collision is used as a safety criterion due to its simplicity and validity in the context of robotics. For serial robots, it is proposed to place a torque limiter in series with each actuator whereas for suspended robots, it is preferable to separate the base and the effector with a parallel mechanism in which some joints are replaced with torque limiters --- thereby forming a \emph{Cartesian force limiting device}. The use of such mechanisms allows the reduction of the effective manipulator inertia during a collision without affecting the performances under normal conditions. A model is first created in order to compare --- using simulations --- the safety gains obtained with torque limiters with the ones obtained with other articular safety mechanisms when they are implemented alone or in combination with other safety devices. Methods to optimally control the thresholds of adjustable torque limiters placed in series with each actuator of a serial robot are developed. A kinematic performance index is proposed in order to optimize the pose and architecture of such a robot. The approach and the developed methods are experimentally validated using prototypes of adjustable torque limiters based on friction which are placed in series with each actuator of a four-degree-of-freedom robot. Finally, architectures of Cartesian force limiting devices are proposed and optimized and their effectiveness in the context of suspended robots is experimentally validated.
Bertrand, Dimitri. „Etude des mécanismes de formation des contacts ohmiques pour des transistors de puissance sur Nitrure de Gallium“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD is part of the development of Gallium nitride based power transistors at the CEA-LETI. These transistors, especially those based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, are very promising for power electronics applications. The goal of this PhD is to increase the knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the ohmic contact formation on a AlGaN/GaN structure. First, a thermodynamic study of several transition metals has been performed, leading us to select Ti/Al metallization. Then, the multiple physico-chemical reactions of this stack with nitride substrates have been studied depending on the stack composition and the annealing temperature. Finally, several studies on AlGaN/GaN structure coupling both physico-chemical and electrical characterizations reveal different decisive parameters for the formation of an ohmic contact with a low-resistance and a low annealing temperature
Tamine, Tawfik. „Amorçage de fissures par fatigue-contact“. Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Tamine.Tawfik.SMZ9418.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the shelling process caused by a contact fatigue. This phenomenon appears under a surface submitted to a quasi punctual loading and initiates at an inclusion which is the most probable site for crack initiation. The direction of propagation is associated with the stress distribution resulting from a complex loading. To understand this phenomenon, we present : a bibliographical study to collect the different works related to stress concentration, crack initiation criteria and the stress distribution in the vicinity of a defect. An experimental study for the simulation of crack initiation under the three modes of loading. A finite element calculation from which we have derived new initiation criteria. We have shown that they best fit the experimental results by comparison with those given in the literature
Fagiani, Ramona. „Tribological activation of tactile receptors by vibrations induced at the finger contact surface“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the tribological and dynamic aspects of tactile perception given by the scanning of the finger on a surface. The attention is focused on a direct analysis of the vibration spectrum characteristics, induced by the surface features that is a relatively new research field. In fact, it is accepted that vibrations activate the tactile afferents and their essential role for the perception of fine textures (duplex theory of tactile texture perception) but it is still unknown the link with the surface texture characteristics and the features of the induced vibration spectra. The work is aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of the tactile sense, that is basilar for manifold different applications: textile quality quantification, ergonomics of everyday objects (which largely affects their commercial competitiveness), identification of surface imperfections, the design of tactile communication devices, the development of artificial tactile sensors for intelligent prostheses or robotic assistants, the development of human-machine interfaces for interaction with virtual realities or teleoperation systems, such as for telediagnosis or microsurgery, reproducing real perception (virtual reality), increasing the human perception (augmented reality), development of tests for evaluation of tactile sensitivity during diagnosis or monitoring process in rehabilitation. The study of a finger that moves on a surface involves different difficulties that are related to the material characteristics and to the measurements themselves. For these reasons, a new experimental set-up, named TriboTouch, has been developed to reproduce the finger/surface scanning phenomena under real values of the contact feature (scanning velocity and amplitude, surface roughness, etc..), avoiding undesired vibrations. The test bench has been designed to guarantee the measurements reproducibility and to perform measurements without introducing external noise. The set-up permits to carry out both measurements of the global dynamics and local ones (at the contact zone) employing a silicone fake finger. In the presented analysis, the behavior of the right hand index finger scanning on the surface sample with periodical and isotropic roughness and on textiles has been investigated for different scanning speed, highlighting the role of fingerprints A simple numerical model have been developed for reproducing the behavior of the induced vibrations when sliding two periodical surfaces and the numerical results have been compared with the experimental ones. The presented work has shown the possibility to obtain objective indexes for the tactile perception characterization, by means of the friction induced vibration spectrum analysis, in agreement with the neurophysiological studies present in literature
Chertier, Olivier. „Contact et frottement entre solides déformables en grandes déformations“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKheris, Fatah. „Gestion innovante du contact pour l'analyse mécanique des assemblages complexes“. Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we propose a remeshing technique based on node to node contact surfaces in order to enhance the robustness and the performance of 3D contact analysis by finite elements. Previous works have shown that the computation of contact forces at the interface could be improved if nodes at the interface are coincident, especially in the case of the contact patch test introduced by Papadopoulos and Taylor. In addition, in a master-slave formulation, projection problems introduce a dissymmetry in the resolution and may impede the convergence of the analysis, and even if there are some attribution rules between the master surface and the slave surface, there are still some problems to deal with. The creation of compatible meshes at the interface greatly simplifies the geometrical aspects of contact analysis especially in 3D. In a prior approach, contact areas are detected while using the surface mesh of the frontiers only. Contact elements are removed and compatible meshes at the surface interface are created. Contact areas are supposed to be developable but not necessary planar and the prior surface remeshing is based on the unfolding of the areas into contact. If necessary, the surface mesh at the interface can be refined in order to increase the accuracy of the computation, especially in curved areas. Surfaces into contact are interpolated by diffuse approximation what enables to relocate the newly created nodes with respect to the curvature of the initial surfaces. 3D elements connected to surface nodes into contact are removed and a local remeshing of the cavity is performed with unstructured tetrahedral mesh. Since the procedure is local, the cost of the overall process is greatly reduced. Experience shows that a high number of contact areas can be handled with this technique
Yastrebov, Vladislav. „Mécanique numérique du contact : géométrie, détection et techniques de résolution“. Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00657305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this work is to derive a consistent framework for the treatment of contact problems within the Finite Element Method using the Node-to-Segment discretization. Three main components of the computational contact have been considered: geometry, detection and resolution techniques. For the sake of completeness, the mechanical aspects of contact as well as numerous numerical algorithms and methods have been discussed. A new mathematical formalism called "s-structures" has been employed through the entire dissertation. It results in a comprehensive coordinate-free notations and provides an elegant apparatus, available for other mechanical and physical applications. Several original ideas and extensions of standard techniques have been proposed and implemented in the finite element software ZéBuLoN (ZSeT). Numerical case studies, presented in the dissertation, demonstrate the performance and robustness of the employed detection and resolution schemes
Yastrebov, Vladislav. „Mécanique numérique du contact : géométrie, détection et techniques de résolution“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBou, leba bassil Marianne. „Étude des mécanismes aérodynamiques à l'origine du bruit de contact pneumatique/chaussée“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with air-pumping mechanisms leading to tyre/road noise in the case of a slick tyre rolling on a cylindrical road cavity. A CFD model was used to calculate the dynamic air pressure variation at the cavity bottom, assuming a volume variation of this cavity during contact with the tyre. A piston method was validated in order to model this volume variation by a vertical displacement of the cavity bottom, equivalent to the volume variation caused by the tyre tread penetration during contact. The volume variation used in the piston model was determined first numerically by a contact model and then experimentally by measuring the penetration of the rubber on a test rig. The latter was also used for the measurement of dynamic air pressure at the cavity bottom, showing that air-pumping fewly depends on the applied load but increases with speed and decreases with the cavity depth. These results were then compared with the numerical results modeling the experimental set-up, considering the different testing configurations. The internal overpressure calculated at the cavity bottom increases with the change in volume and the agreement with measurements was satisfactory. The calculation of the dynamic air pressure at the leading and trailing edges showed that the internal air-pumping during the cavity opening generates an external wave which propagates mainly towards the rear of the tyre. The energy level of the emitted waves increases with the rolling speed according to a speed exponent which value depends on the percentage of the cavity volume variation
Ghezzi, Ilaria. „Tribological and vibro-acoustic behaviour of a lubricated contact subjected to the stick-slip phenomenon : The case of the spring-brake system“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis works propose a complementary approach, combining dynamic and tribological analyzes, to the stick-slip problem of a greased contact, in a mechanical spring brake. Stick-slip instability is the result of the coupling between the dynamic response of the mechanical system (brake) and the local response of the lubricated contact at the brake interface. The local response of the greased contact was first characterized by experimental tests performed on a tribometer. Then, the conditions which lead to instability have been investigated in detail, using a numerical lumped model of the complete system. This model simulates the overall dynamic behavior of the mechanical braking system. As inputs, it takes the parameters specific to the operation and design of the brake, as well as the local frictional behavior obtained experimentally. At the output, the influence of each of the parameters on the generation of the stick-slip has been therefore analyzed. Finally, an experimental study of the influence of the different lubricant components (DLC and grease) on the behavior of the lubricated frictional contact has been carried out. Dependent on thickener, oil and additives, the complex rheology of grease is a key point for the understanding of the stick-slip appearance. Indeed, if lubrication is traditionally supposed to reduce friction losses, it can also participate in the appearance of instabilities. Understanding the conditions for which a system is predisposed to the stick-slip phenomenon can help prevent the appearance of such instabilities and the nuisance they cause. However, in the presence of lubricated contacts, the literature shows a lack of informations. It is in this context that the multi-approach analysis presented in this thesis makes it possible to contribute to the understanding of the appearance of friction instabilities in contacts lubricated with grease, by also providing elements of solution in the case of a specific application
Linck, Vannina. „Modélisation numérique temporelle d'un contact frottant : mise en évidence d'instabilités locales de contact : conséquences tribologiques“. Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0048/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe contact with friction between two bodies can lead to the phenomena of vibration and wear. The global contact conditions (velocities, load) are usually stable, and thus cannot explain these phenomena. A temporal study of the local contact dynamics (local velocities, local contact stresses…) and of the tribological state of the contact interface (sticking, slipping or separated) highlighted the generation of instabilities (presence on the contact surface of sticking, sliding or separation zones) in the contact despite constant global parameters and a constant local friction coefficient. Due to the instabilities, the local velocities and pressures are greater than the applied ones. The instabilities are characterized by the propagation in the volume of the wave generated at the interface. The regime of the instabilities can be different due to the material, the mechanism… (regime of stick-slip, stickslip- separation or slip-separation). Tribological consequences (heat dissipation, impact, pressure…) are different from one regime to another
Elyoussoufi, Tamaa Lai͏̈la. „Contact unilatéral avec frottement sec en milieux continus discrétisés“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiop, Thierno. „Résolution itérative de problèmes de contact frottant de grande taille“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34968.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolving friction contact problems is of great importance in many engineering applications. For these applications, the accuracy and the optimization of the calculation cost are imperative but often contradictory. Industrial problems generally involve complex and three-dimensional geometries composed of materials that exhibit non-linear behavior. Consequently, using the finite element method, they lead to large-scale non linear discrete problems and, after linearization, to algebraic systems of several thousand or even millions of unknowns and ultimately tocalculations needing iterative methods. This implies that the frequently used methods, the penalization and the augmented Lagrangian, are to be banned because of their negative effect on the condition number of the underlying discrete systems and thus on the convergence of theiterative methods. We will propose an efficient iterative approach to solve the contact problems associated with industrial applications: a resolution allowing to have accurate numerical results in an acceptable computation time.This approach will be based on the method of Lagrange multiplier and a method for solving the associated linear system that is not quite standard. The latter is part of an iterative, multi-level process that represents the main contribution of the thesis. We will present the adopted strategy, which is different from what is found in the literature, for the resolution of saddle-type problems and will make a complete study of it. To validate our approach, we will study academic numerical examples of classical contact problems. We will also present some large-scale industrial problems in order to illustrate the efficiency, accuracy and computation performance of the method developed in this thesis.
Nemeyuko, Médiateur. „Fatigue de contact de roulement“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2023_0030_NEMEYUKO.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, a two-dimensional finite element model is used to simulate the mechanical response of a wheel rolling on a rail. The material (wheel steel) is elastoplastic with a Chaboche-Lemaitre behavior law combining isotropic and nonlinear kinematic strain hardening. The local stresses and strains in the area near the wheel-rail surface are calculated as a function of axle load, friction coefficient, and centrifugal force. At the wheel-rail interface, tangential forces due to friction are taken into account. It is assumed that the wheel-rail contact is located between the wheel flange and the rail gauge corner for relatively low values of the friction coefficient (µ ≤ 0.05) during the traction phase and between the wheel tread and the rail head for relatively high values of the friction coefficient (0.1 ≤ µ ≤ 0.4) during the braking phase. As a first approximation, we assume that the wheel-rail contact is similar to a contact between a cylinder and a plane, which is linear; then we assume that this contact is similar to a contact between two cylinders with perpendicular axes, which is elliptical. The differences between the results obtained in the linear case and those obtained in the elliptical case are studied. To validate the numerical model of the wheel-rail contact, the evolution of the normal and shear stresses obtained analytically by the Hertz contact theory (plane elasticity) in Matlab and those obtained numerically in Abaqus are compared. The quantification of rolling contact fatigue damage is performed using the modified Jiang-Sehitoglu multiaxial fatigue criterion and the calculation of the life of a railway wheel N_f is performed using the relationship between the maximum fatigue parameter FP_max and the Smith-Watson-Topper law on a critical plane where a fatigue crack initiates. The shakedown map was constructed considering a defect-free wheel in the case of a linear wheel-rail contact and in the case of elliptical wheel-rail contact. The rolling contact fatigue of a railway wheel has been studied by the sub-modeling technique. A geometric defect is inserted in the railway wheel section to study its effect, particularly the effect of its shape, on rolling contact fatigue. This defect is located at a depth where the maximum value of the shear stress tau_max is located. The results obtained in the case without defect, in the case of a circular defect, and in the case of an elliptical defect were compared. The influence of the material parameters on the rolling contact fatigue of the railway wheel in the case without defect and in the case with a circular defect was studied. The influence of the centrifugal force was studied in the case without defect
Farcas, Anca. „Opérateurs linéaires positifs et opérateurs de mémoire en mécanique du contact“. Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSenouci, Abdelhak. „Etude théorique et expérimentale du comportement tribologique d'un contact électrique cuivre/acier“. Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEddhahak-Ouni, Anissa. „Modélisation de l'usure superficielle dans les contacts roulants : mise en place des méthodes adaptées au cas non stationnaire des contacts came galet“. Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0300.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWear simulation in rolling contact is considered one of the major concerns of designers and industrialists. In order to extend the life time of their mechanical systems, a wear prediction tool has to be developed. The aim of this research is to develop a simplified approach for the description of wear evolution in cam’s track of the plastic bottles blowing machines manufactured by Sidel. Thecycloid shape of the opening/closing cam governs the roller movement and consequently the system kinematics. Thus, roller rotation velocity and normal contact load cam/roller are not stationary, so it’s of interest to be able to describe these transient phenomena as well as the worn profiles of the contacting bodies during time. First, we start the study by presenting a simplified approach for the resolution of the rolling contact problem in steady state. The method reliability is proved when compared with the exact theory and tested on several critical cases. Second, we extend this approach to transient case by taking into account the dynamic feature of both solids. This transient model is fast, its results show a good agreement with the reality. The industrial example of the moulds opening/closing system of the blowing machines is treated making the hypothesis of components stiffness and perfect joints. The Archard’s law is used with a modified version to describe the evolution of worn cam profile versus rollers passages. In the end of this work and in order to describe phenomena in a more realistic way, we investigated the influence of components flexibility in the modelling. Numerical results of non linear dynamic equations are compared with the stiff model to conclude on the effect of the flexibility on the system dynamic response