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Rose, Grenville John, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology und School of Food Science. „Sensory aspects of food preferences“. THESIS_FST_SFS_Rose_G.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/130.
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Little is known about how liking for different foods develops from birth to adulthood. Although there are both cultural and sensory aspects to the development of food preferences, the focus of this study is on the sensory aspects of food preference development, in particular, preferences for meat. Two main aims are addressed : 1/. To develop a robust methodology that can be used to determine pre-literate and recently literate children's liking for different foods and the determinants of that liking. 2/. To investigate the effects of early experience with foods on later food preferences.Several tests were conducted and results noted. Overall the results of this thesis show that it is possible to gather reliable hedonic data from young, even pre-school children, and that it is possible that very early feeding experience has some influence on adults' food preferences.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Saitas-Zarkias, Konstantinos. „Insights into Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning on Reinforcement Learning Tasks“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290903.
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Meta-learning has been gaining traction in the Deep Learning field as an approach to build models that are able to efficiently adapt to new tasks after deployment. Contrary to conventional Machine Learning approaches, which are trained on a specific task (e.g image classification on a set of labels), meta-learning methods are meta-trained across multiple tasks (e.g image classification across multiple sets of labels). Their end objective is to learn how to solve unseen tasks with just a few samples. One of the most renowned methods of the field is Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML). The objective of this thesis is to supplement the latest relevant research with novel observations regarding the capabilities, limitations and network dynamics of MAML. For this end, experiments were performed on the meta-reinforcement learning benchmark Meta-World. Additionally, a comparison with a recent variation of MAML, called Almost No Inner Loop (ANIL) was conducted, providing insights on the changes of the network’s representation during adaptation (meta-testing). The results of this study indicate that MAML is able to outperform the baselines on the challenging Meta-World benchmark but shows little signs actual ”rapid learning” during meta-testing thus supporting the hypothesis that it reuses features learnt during meta-training.Meta-Learning har fått dragkraft inom Deep Learning fältet som ett tillvägagångssätt för att bygga modeller som effektivt kan anpassa sig till nya uppgifter efter distribution. I motsats till konventionella maskininlärnings metoder som är tränade för en specifik uppgift (t.ex. bild klassificering på en uppsättning klasser), så metatränas meta-learning metoder över flera uppgifter (t.ex. bild klassificering över flera uppsättningar av klasser). Deras slutmål är att lära sig att lösa osedda uppgifter med bara några få prover. En av de mest kända metoderna inom området är Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML). Syftet med denna avhandling är att komplettera den senaste relevanta forskningen med nya observationer avseende MAML: s kapacitet, begränsningar och nätverksdynamik. För detta ändamål utfördes experiment på metaförstärkningslärande riktmärke Meta-World. Dessutom gjordes en jämförelse med en ny variant av MAML, kallad Almost No Inner Loop (ANIL), som gav insikter om förändringarna i nätverkets representation under anpassning (metatestning). Resultaten av denna studie indikerar att MAML kan överträffa baslinjerna för det utmanande Meta-Worldriktmärket men visar små tecken på faktisk ”snabb inlärning” under metatestning, vilket stödjer hypotesen att den återanvänder funktioner som den lärt sig under metaträning.
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Astilla, Christopher. „Between the staves adaptations of Debussy's Six épigraphes antiques and creative tasks of the performer /“. Recital, recorded Feb. 27, 2006, in digital collections. Access restricted to the University of North Texas campus. Recital, recorded Sept. 25, 2006, in digital collections. Access restricted to the University of North Texas campus. connect to online resource, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5205.
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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2007.System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 3 recitals, recorded Feb. 27, 2006, Sept. 25, 2006, and July 21, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-55).
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Lundmark, Lukas. „Synthetic Meta-Learning: : Learning to learn real-world tasks with synthetic data“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264919.
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Meta-learning is an approach to machine learning that teaches models how to learn new tasks with only a handful of examples. However, meta-learning requires a large labeled dataset during its initial meta-learning phase, which restricts what domains meta-learning can be used in. This thesis investigates if this labeled dataset can be replaced with a synthetic dataset without a loss in performance. The approach has been tested on the task of military vehicle classification. The results show that for few-shot classification tasks, models trained with synthetic data can come close to the performance of models trained with real-world data. The results also show that adjustments to the data-generation process, such as light randomization, can have a significant effect on performance, suggesting that fine-tuning to the generation process could further improve performance.Metainlärning är en metodik inom maskininlärning som gör det möjligt att lära en modell nya uppgifter med endast en handfull mängd träningsexempel. Metainlärning kräver dock en stor mängd träningsdata under själva metaträningsfasen, vilket begränsar de domäner där metodiken kan användas. Detta examensarbete utreder huruvida syntetisk bilddata, som genererats med hjälp av en simulator, kan ersätta verklig bilddata under metainlärningsfasen. Metoden har utvärderats på militär fordonsklassificering. Resultaten visar att för bildklassificering med 1–10 träningsexempel per klass kan en modell metainlärd med syntetisk data närma sig prestandan hos en modell metainlärd med riktig data. Resultaten visar även att små ändringar i genereringsprocessen, exempelvis graden av slumpmässigt ljus, har en stor inverkan på den slutgiltiga prestandan, vilket ger hopp om att ytterligare finjustering av genereringsprocessen kan resultera i ännu fler prestandaförbättringar.
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Swahn, Johan. „If I can taste it, I want it... : sensory marketing in grocery retail stores“. Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan - Grythytte Akademi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-16370.
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Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka hur man kan utveckla ett kognitivt baserat sensoriskt språk för olika produkter i detaljhandel och därefter använda det i marknadsföringen i butiksledet. Vidare undersökts om denna marknadsföring har någon effekt på konsumenternas val av produkt. Inom forskningsprocessen, tvärvetenskapligprocess, används metodik och teorier inom sensorik, lingvistik (semantik) och marknadsföring (konsumentbeteende). I en sensorisk studie jämfördes en tränad sensorisk panel och en grupp konsumenters förmåga att beskriva och analysera olika produkters sensoriska egenskaper. Resultatet visade på att de två gruppernas beskrivningar av de olika produkterna var relativt överensstämmande. Att beskriva smak verbalt anses som relativt svårt och komplext. Baserat på det sensoriska resultatet analyserades egenskapsorden ytterligare utifrån ett lingvistiskt perspektiv, semantik. Den semantiska analysen, empiriska resultat och teori, påvisade en möjlighet att utvinna värdefulla attribut från mer diffusa attribut, t.ex. ”nötig smak” – som kan härledas från sort, e.g. ”mandel” som i sin tur innefattar olika egenskaper i form a smak, doft, textur etc. För att ta reda på om de sensoriska beskrivningarna hade någon effekt på konsumenternas beteende och val i butik genomfördes två empiriska studier. Konsumenternas val av produkt i butik studerades utifrån olika variabler; sensoriska beskrivningar, sensoriska och semantiska beskrivningar, sortnamn, pris, och smak preferens. Resultatet visade att de sensoriska beskrivningarna påverkade konsumenternas val av produkt, t.ex. när bara sort namn kommunicerades var man benägen att välja en känd sort, men när man använde sig av sensoriska beskrivningar skiftade konsumenternas val och de var inte längre styrda av det mer välkända sortnamnet. Vidare visade det sig att konsumenterna vara mindre priskänslig när sensoriska beskrivningar visades. Konklusion: Användningen av ett sensoriskt språk i marknadsföringen av de undersökta livsmedlen påverkade konsumenternas val av produkt i butik samt att konsumenterna tenderade till att vara mindre priskänslig när sensoriska beskrivningar användes.Denna avhandling är ett resultat av ett forskningsprojekt med arbetstiteln ”Det sensoriska språket-ett marknadsföringsverktyg” vars syfte var att utveckla ett sensoriska språk för frukt och grönsaker för att se om detta språk i marknadsföringen kan påverka konsumenternas preferens, val, av olika livsmedel i detaljhandeln.Forskningsprojektet var ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, Grythytte Akademi och ICA Sverige AB med delfinansiering av Kunskaps & Kompetensstiftelsen. Forskargruppen bestod av:Professor emerita Inga-Britt Gustafsson, Örebro universitetDocent Åsa Öström, Örebro universitetProfessor Lena Mossberg, Handelshögskolan i GöteborgFil.Dr. Ulf Larsson, Örebro universitetLisbeth Kohls, ICA Sverige AB
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Christie, Michael Alexander. „Multiple memory systems: contributions of human and animal serial reaction time tasks“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1379.
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Human memory systems have been divided into two broad domains, one responsible for 'declarative memory' and the other for 'non-declarative memory'. The evidence for multiple memory systems is reviewed with respect to the human SRT, a sensitive measure of non-declarative memory. A qualitative review of the human SRT literature concludes that damage to extrapyramidal brain systems disrupts SRT performance whereas limbic system neuropathology (LSN) leaves performance intact. However, a meta-analysis of the SRT literature with neuropathological patients revealed unexpectedly that patients with explicit memory disorders are impaired on the SRT task, although less severely than patients with extrapyramidal damage. Other evidence suggested that the apparent SRT impairment in humans with LSN might be due to the additional pathology (eg frontal) often evident in these patients. A brief review of the animal evidence for multiple memory systems concluded that, like humans, animals too have multiple memory systems but none of the animal tasks used to model non-declarative memory make good conceptual or behavioural contact with the corresponding human tasks. Thus a novel animal-analogue of the human-SRT task, the 'fan-maze', was developed. Although rats displayed a reasonable ability to perform the fan-maze SRT task it was abandoned due to technical and conceptual problems in favour of a better design. The second new SRT task used intra-cranial self-stimulation to promote prolonged, rapid and continuous responding. A control study determined that the optimal conditions for sequence learning was a single large (2820 trial) session. Intact rats that experienced a switch from the repeating to a random sequence under these conditions demonstrated a clear interference effect, the primary measure of SRT performance. A lesion study used these optimal conditions and showed that small caudate lesions impaired, whereas small hippocampal lesions facilitated, rat-SRT performance. Hence, this second task has proven to be a valid animal-analogue of the human SRT task, as rats performed it in a manner similar to that shown by humans and relied on the same neural substrate to perform the task as humans. In addition, this second task resolved the discrepancy of the LSN meta-analysis. Quantitative findings are reviewed in light of theories and studies presented earlier in the thesis. Limitations of the thesis are identified and suggestions are made as to future SRT research in animals or humans.
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Floengård, Hanna. „Hur smakar vilt? : En studie om hur smaken vilt kan beskrivas“. Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9280.
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Inledning: Många organisationer och projekt har under de senaste åren fokuserat på att främja en ökad konsumtion och kunskap om viltkött. Den enkla frågan ”hur smakar vilt?” blir i detta sammanhang mycket betydelsefull. Hur kan smaken vilt beskrivas med ord?Litteraturgenomgång: Idag står viltkött för 4 % av den totala köttkonsumtionen men runt 59 % vill äta mer viltkött. Flera nya Svenska undersökningar har visat att smakbeskrivningar av produkter kan underlätta köpbeslutet för konsumenten. Det har också visats att våra sinnen påverkar våra köpbeslut och att ju mer vi fångar en konsuments sinnen ju mer kan köpbeslutet påverkas.Syfte: Syftet med den här undersökningen var att ta fram en sensorisk beskrivning av viltsmak. Studiens mål var också att få svar på vilka ord som kunde beskriva viltsmaken hos älg-, hjort- och vildsvinskött och hur tydlig viltsmaken var hos de tre viltarterna.Metod: Med kött från tre utvalda villebråd skapades en smakprofil för viltkött genom ett sensoriskt beskrivande test. En profilpanel fick provsmaka ytterfilén av hjort, älg och vildsvin. Undersökningen gjordes vid ett tillfälle och var uppdelat i tre moment. Först fick panelen göra en individuell bedömning av viltköttet genom att fylla i en enkät. Sedan diskuterades enkätens resultat i en gruppdiskussion och i sista momentet bestämdes viltsmakens intensitet hos de tre viltarterna i form av ett intensitetstest.Resultat: Resultatet visar att vilt har en syrlig smak, en karaktäristisk blod- och metallsmak samt en mustig smak av skog och jord. Även om studien främst var inriktad på smaken och inte doft, valdes svaveldoft att finnas med i beskrivningen för viltsmak eftersom den återkom hos samtliga viltarter. Viltsmaken var betydligt intensivare hos älgen och hjorten medan den hos vildsvinet visades vara mycket mild. Älgen hade den mest utpräglade viltsmaken.Slutsats: En slutsats kan dras med resultatet som stöd att viltsmak kan beskrivas vara syrligt, ha en karaktäristisk blod- och metallsmak samt en mustig smak av skog och jord. Slutsatsen kan också dras att älgen och hjorten har en mycket kraftig medan vildsvinet inte har samma tydligare viltsmak. Genom litteraturstudier drogs vidare slutsatsen att sensorisk beskrivning av viltkött kan förenkla konsumentens beslut, skapa en vassare marknadsföring samt öka upplevelsen för både den vanliga konsumenten och inom för konsumenter inom turisnäringen. Med hjälp av beskrivande smakord kan också samtal och uttryck för vad maten smakar öka gemenskapen under en måltid.Introduction: Many organizations and projects have during the past years focused on to promote an increased consumption and knowledge for game meat. The simple question “How does game taste?” becomes in this context very essential. How can the taste of game be described with words?Literature review: Today game meat represents 4 % of the total meat consumption but approximately 59 % would like to eat more game meat. Several new Swedish studies have shown that taste descriptions of products can ease the purchase decision for the consumer. It has also been shown that our senses are influencing on our purchase decision. All the more we can catch the consumers senses all the more the purchase decision can be influenced.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a sensory description for the gamy flavor. The aim with the study was also to answer, which words could describe the taste of game of deer, elk and boar and how clear the taste of game was in these three species.Method: With meat from three selected games a taste profile for game meat was created through a sensory descriptive test. A profile panel tasted the sirloin from deer, elk and boar. The study was performed at one occasion and divided into three separate stages. At the first stage the panel made an individual judgment by filling in a survey. In the subsequent stage the result from the survey was discussed in groups and in the final stage the taste intensity of the three different games was determined by an intensity test.Results: The results shows that game has a sour taste, a characteristic blood and metallic taste and a rich taste of wood and earth. Although the study focused on taste rather than scents, the scent of sulfur was decided to be a part of the gamy flavor as it appeared at all species. The elk and deer had a strong taste of game meanwhile the boar showed a more mild taste. The elk had the most pronounced gamy flavor.Conclusion: One conclusion that was made with the results as support is that the taste of game can be described as sour, a characteristic blood and metallic taste and a rich taste of wood and earth. Another conclusion that can be made is that the elk and the deer has a much more stronger taste of game compared to the boar which doesn’t have the same clear taste of game. By literature studies a conclusion could be made that a sensory description of game meat can ease the consumers purchase decision, create a more cutting edge marketing, and enhance the experience both for the ordinary consumer and the consumer in the tourist business. Using descriptive words for the taste of the food can also increase the communion during a meal.
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Meyer, David Gilbert. „Industrial Plastics Technologist’s Duties and Tasks to Meet Employer Needs in the Greater Dayton, Ohio Area“. The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222033831.
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Meyer, David Gilbert. „Industrial plastics technologist's duties and tasks to meet employer needs in the greater Dayton, Ohio area“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1222033831.
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Jacobs, Emily Jean. „Spatial Resolution of Quantitative Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Phoneme Discrimination Tasks: An Abbreviated Meta-Analysis“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8938.
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Phonological processing, the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of one's native language, is an essential linguistic skill. Deficits in this skill may lead to decreased social, educational, and financial success (Kraus & White-Schwoch, 2019). Additionally, phonological disorders have been shown to be highly variable and individualized (Bellon-Harn & Cradeur-Pampolina, 2016) and therefore difficult to treat effectively. A better understanding of the neural underpinnings of phonological processing, including the underlying skill of phonemic discrimination, could lead to the development of more individualized and effective intervention. Several studies, some using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and others using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have been conducted to investigate these neural underpinnings. When considering the relative strengths and weaknesses of qEEG and fMRI, the scientific community has traditionally believed qEEG to be excellent at determining when brain activity occurs (temporal resolution), but to have limited abilities in determining where it occurs (spatial resolution). On the other hand, the reverse is believed to be true for fMRI. However, the spatial resolution of qEEG has improved over recent decades and some studies have reached levels of specificity comparable to fMRI. This thesis provides an abbreviated meta-analysis determining the accuracy and consistency of source references, or areas where brain activation is determined to originate from, in qEEG studies evaluating phonemic discrimination. Nineteen experiments were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. A study's event rate was defined as the number of times an anatomical area was coded as a source reference, divided by the participants in the study. Results show that each of these experiments had relatively low event rates, culminating into a summary event rate of 0.240. This indicates that qEEG does not provide source references that are as accurate or consistent as fMRI. This meta-analysis concludes that although there is research suggesting qEEG may have developed to be comparable to fMRI in spatial resolution, this is not supported in the analysis of qEEG studies focused on phonemic discrimination.
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Assouly, Olivier. „Les nourritures politiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : cuisine, goût et appétit“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010612.
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Au vu de l’histoire de la philosophie et du traitement marginal que celle-ci n’a cessé de réserver tant au sens du goût qu’à la cuisine, Rousseau occupe une place à part et novatrice : tout en condamnant l’hybris de la cuisine et les vanités de la grande table, il considère que le goût, source de volupté, constitue un objet digne d’être pris en compte tant par l’éducation qu’au plan politique. Outre que se nourrir, au-delà des simples besoins vitaux, constitue un moteur des échanges et un facteur potentiel d’inégalités et d’injustices, c’est aussi un moyen, en préservant un lien étroit avec l’amour de soi, de juguler les faux désirs et l’amour-propre.Toutefois, l’Émile amorce un tournant décisif : Rousseau intronise la notion d’appétit, qui prime alors sur le goût, et s’impose aux dépens de la sensibilité aux saveurs et à la cuisine. A défaut d’instinct et face à la prolifération de besoins secondaires, l’appétit est cet instrument – à la fois pédagogique et politique – utile à reconditionner la faim et ainsi à récréer, par le travail, la mesure nécessaire pour se nourrir et jouir légitimement. En même temps que Rousseau abolit l’idée d’une configuration naturelle des besoins et des désirs dès lors qu’il appartient à l’homme de les composer en fonction des circonstances, il achoppe sur le dessein politique du pacte social, lequel exige des citoyens, et non plus des hommes, de renoncer au jeu des préférences et certainement aux dispositions subjectivantes de l’appétitGiven the history of philosophy and the marginal treatment that has traditionally been reserved for both the sense of taste and cooking, Rousseau’s position is separate and innovative: while criticising the hubris of cuisine and the vanity of the “grande table”, he considered that taste, a source of sensual pleasure, constitutes an object that merits attention on both an educational and political level. In addition to mere food, and going beyond basic needs, it constitutes a means for exchange and is a otential factor for inequality and injustice, it is also a way of curbing one’s false desires and self-esteem, through its close connection to self-love. Nevertheless, Emile marks a turning point: Rousseau inaugurates the notion of an appetite that takes precedence over taste and takes over to the detriment of flavour and cooking. In the absence of instinct and faced with the proliferation of secondary needs, the appetite is an educational and political instrument, used to recondition hunger and thus recreate, through work, the measure necessary to feed oneself and enjoy it legitimately.While Rousseau was abolishing the idea of a natural configuration of needs and desires when it is man’s responsibility to compose them according to circumstances, he stumbled onto the political design of the social pact that required that citizens, and no longer man, give up the game of preferences and certainly the subjectivising tendencies of the appetite
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Griffiths, E. J. „The effect of visuospatial, verbal and somatic tasks on the post-meal experience of hospitalised patients with eating disorders“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1449078/.
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This thesis is presented in three parts; the literature review, empirical paper and critical appraisal. The literature review considers the effectiveness and acceptability of interventions aimed at carers of people with eating disorders. Included studies described a variety of approaches to educate, and provide skills and emotional support to carers, although were generally of a poor methodological quality. Overall, the interventions led to improved carer outcomes, were considered helpful and there was some limited evidence to suggest beneficial client outcomes. The empirical paper explores whether engaging in various tasks can help hospitalised patients with eating disorders to improve the experience of ‘feeling fat’ during the post-meal period. The tasks comprised of the game ‘Tetris’ (visuospatial), a general knowledge ‘Quiz’ (verbal) and translating ‘Braille’ (somatic), which were designed to reduce intrusive images, thoughts and bodily sensations. When compared to a control condition - ‘Sitting Quietly’, the tasks requiring activity were superior at improving negative affect and additional benefits were seen for all other indicators of the post-meal experience. The critical appraisal discusses the rationale behind the literature review and empirical paper. Some of the methodological decisions are reviewed, such as choosing the tasks and the use of an online programme to deliver the trials. Dilemmas that arose whilst conducting the research are explored, such as recruitment difficulties, with suggestions for how the research could have been approached differently. The appraisal concludes with personal reflections developed over the course of the research process.
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Aljehany, Mashal Salman. „The Effects of Video Prompting on Teaching Daily Living Tasks to Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder“. FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3778.
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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience difficulties with learning age-appropriate daily living skills (DLS) at their homes, schools, and in the community. Such skills are significant for independent life, post-school education, employment, and overall quality of life. Video prompting (VP) is a teaching practice that has demonstrated positive outcomes in teaching a variety of DLS to individuals with ASD. The overarching purpose of this collected papers dissertation was to investigate the effects of VP interventions on improving DLS of individuals with ASD. This dissertation included two separate papers. The first paper was a meta-analysis that examined the overall effect of VP when teaching DLS to individuals with ASD across single-case research design (SCRD) studies. An analysis of potential moderators was also examined: VP intervention types, participants’ ages, and participants’ disabilities. There were 54 participantsacross17 studies meeting the study’s inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated a high-moderate effect size (ES) for VP on the acquisition of DLS across 17 studies including 54 participants. The analysis of potential moderators showed no significant differences across all moderator variables. Limitations and implications for research and practices are provided in Chapter II. The second paper was a SCRD study comparing the effects of VP alone to least-to-most prompting alone on improving three office-related tasks to secondary-aged children with developmental disabilities. An adapted alternating treatment design (AATD), including baseline, comparison, best treatment, and final treatment phases was used to examine the interventions. Data related to the effects, efficiency, and social validity of both interventions were collected to address the research questions. Video prompting was effective for all participants, while least-to-most promoting was effective for two participants. Also, VP was more efficient than least-to-most prompting in terms of sessions-to-criterion and percent of errors for all participants. Least-to-most prompting was more efficient than VP in terms of the total duration of teaching time for all participants. Finally, all participants and their teachers reported positive perspectives regarding the study’s procedures and outcomes. Limitations, future research, and implications for practices are discussed in Chapter III. Lastly, the summary of the entire dissertation and extended discussions of both papers are presented in Chapter IV.
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Sugden, Kate E. P. „Nonequilibrium statistical physics applied to biophysical cellular processes“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4339.
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The methods of statistical physics are increasingly being employed in a range of interdisciplinary areas. In particular, aspects of complex biological processes have been elucidated by bringing the problems down to the level of simple interactions studied in a statistical sense. In nonequilibrium statistical physics, a one dimensional lattice model known as the totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEP) has become prominent as a tool for modelling various cellular transport processes. Indeed the context in which the TASEP was first introduced (MacDonald et. al., 1968) was to model ribosome motion along mRNA during protein synthesis. In this work I study a variation of the TASEP in which particles hop along a one dimensional lattice which extends as they reach the end. We introduce this model to describe the unique growth dynamics of filamentous fungi, whereby a narrow fungal filament extends purely from its tip region while being supplied with growth materials from behind the tip. We find that the steady state behaviour of our model reflects that of the TASEP, however there is an additional phase where a dynamic shock is present in the system. I show through Monte Carlo simulation and theoretical analysis that the qualitative behaviour of this model can be predicted with a simple mean-field approximation, while the details of the phase behaviour are accurate only in a refined approximation which takes into account some correlations. I also discuss a further refined mean-field approximation and give a heuristic argument for our results. Next I present an extension of the model which allows the particles to interact with a second lattice, on which they diffuse in either direction. A first order meanfield continuum approximation suggests that the steady states of this system will exhibit some novel behaviour. Through Monte Carlo simulation I discuss the qualitative changes that arise due to the on-off dynamics. Finally I study a model for a second biological phenomenon: the length fluctuations of microtubules. The model describes stochastic polymerisation events at the tip of a microtubule. Using a mean-field theory, we find a transition between regimes where the microtubule grows on average, and where the length remains finite. For low rates of polymerisation and depolymerisation, the transition is in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation.
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Chauvin, Anthony. „Développement et évaluation d'interventions visant à améliorer le processus de « peer-review » en recherche biomédicale The most important tasks for peer reviewers evaluating a randomized controlled trial are not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors Impact of interventions to improve the quality of peer review of biomedical journals: a systematic review and meta-analysis A protocol of a cross-sectional study evaluating an online tool for early career peer reviewers assessing reports of randomised controlled trials“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB215.
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Le processus de « peer-review » est considéré comme la pierre angulaire de la publication scientifique. Or, des travaux ont démontré que les évaluations des peer-reviewers sont souvent discordantes, qu’ils ne parviennent pas à détecter la fraude, les erreurs et que leur évaluation est influencée par les résultats. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’explorer et de repenser le processus de la peer-review éditoriale. Dans un premier temps, nous avons identifié les tâches attendues des peer-reviewers lors de l'évaluation d'un manuscrit rapportant un essai contrôlé randomisé et, comparé l’importance de ces tâches selon le point de vue des peer-reviewers et des éditeurs. Notre étude a permis de démontrer que les tâches les plus importantes pour les peer-reviewers n'étaient pas conformes aux tâches les plus souvent demandées par les éditeurs. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique ainsi qu’une méta-analyse des essais contrôlés randomisés évaluant une intervention visant à améliorer la qualité de la peer-review dans les journaux biomédicaux. Nous avons identifié 22 essais contrôlés randomisés qui ont évalué 5 interventions. Ces essais incluaient un faible nombre de participants, étaient pour la majorité monocentriques, et avaient des biais qui limitaient l’interprétation de leurs résultats. Enfin, nous avons développé et évalué un outil d’aide à la réalisation de la peer-review d’essais randomisés, associé à une formation en ligne. Cet outil vise spécifiquement à évaluer la qualité de la présentation des essais, c’est-à-dire le respect des recommandations du CONSORT statement (i.e., recommandations internationales exigées par les éditeurs pour rapporter les essais randomisés de façon complète et transparente). Nous avons comparé la performance de jeunes peer-reviewers formés utilisant l’outil, avec la performance de reviewers ayant évalué le manuscrit dans le cadre du processus de peer-review classique. Nous avons inclus 120 essais contrôlés randomisés. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence que l'outil a amélioré le nombre d’items correctement classés par manuscrit par les jeunes peer-reviewers. Cette constatation suggère que l'utilisation d'une checklist de type CONSORT se focalisant sur certains items précis pourrait améliorer la qualité du processus de peer-review, et donc la qualité du manuscrit publié. À l’issue de ce travail, nous proposons de repenser le processus de peer-review qui pourrait être réalisé en 2 étapes avec : des peer-reviewers juniors évaluant le respect des recommandations du CONSORT statement et des reviewers expérimentés évaluant la méthodologie et la pertinence de la questionThe peer-review process is a cornerstone of biomedical research publication. However, studies have shown that peer-reviewers' evaluations are often discordant, that they fail to detect fraud, errors and that their evaluation is influenced by the results. The objective of this thesis work was to explore and rethink the process of peer-review editorial. As a first step, we identified the tasks expected of peer-reviewers when evaluating a randomized controlled trial report and compared the importance of these tasks from the points of view of peer-reviewers and editors. Our study showed that the most important tasks for peer reviewers were not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors in theirs guidelines to reviewers. In a second step, we conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating an intervention aimed at improving the quality of peer-review in biomedical journals. We identified 22 randomized controlled trials that evaluated 5 interventions. These trials included a small number of participants, were mostly monocentric and had biases that limited the interpretation of their results. Finally, we have developed and evaluated a tool to help achieve the peer-review of randomized trials associated with online training. This tool is specifically aimed at evaluating the quality of the reporting that means the compliance with the recommendations of the CONSORT statement (i.e., international recommendations required by publishers to report randomized trials in a complete and transparent manner). We compared the performance of young trained peer-reviewers using the tool with the performance of reviewers evaluating the manuscript as part of the usual peer-review process. We included 120 randomized controlled trials. Our results showed that the tool improved the number of items correctly classified per manuscript by young peer-reviewers. This finding suggests that the use of a CONSORT checklist focusing on specific items could improve the quality of the peer-review process, and thus the quality of the published manuscript. At the end of this work, we propose to rethink the peer-review process that could be carried out in 2 stages with junior peer-reviewers assessing compliance with the recommendations of the CONSORT statement and experienced reviewers evaluating the methodology and relevance of the question
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Nogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez. „Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2500.
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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.
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Rose, Grenville John. „Sensory aspects of food preferences“. Thesis, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/130.
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Little is known about how liking for different foods develops from birth to adulthood. Although there are both cultural and sensory aspects to the development of food preferences, the focus of this study is on the sensory aspects of food preference development, in particular, preferences for meat. Two main aims are addressed : 1/. To develop a robust methodology that can be used to determine pre-literate and recently literate children's liking for different foods and the determinants of that liking. 2/. To investigate the effects of early experience with foods on later food preferences.Several tests were conducted and results noted. Overall the results of this thesis show that it is possible to gather reliable hedonic data from young, even pre-school children, and that it is possible that very early feeding experience has some influence on adults' food preferences.
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林日淇. „Design of glove for meat processing tasks“. Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70767942839149195086.
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碩士大葉大學
工業工程研究所
90
Gloves are the most common of protective equipments in manual tasks. But using a glove with bad design or unsuitable, it would result in musculoskeletal disorders in hands. The gloves that workers used in meat processing tasks would provide a great of protection, but other functions of the gloves without views of ergonomics would be worse. The parameters of gloves in order to redesign with views of ergonomics are the materials and size of gloves, and the stability of grasp. The present study would proceed through information about occupational injuries, and evaluated with ergonomics. In accordance with the results of the questionnaires about occupational injuries and the satisfactions of gloves used in meat processing tasks, decide the directions of ergonomical glove’s design. Both workspaces and laboratory would be delivered after finished. The satisfactions and performance for new gloves would be evaluated in workspace, and the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and the ranges of loss in various conditions of gloves would be evaluated in lab. The results of the workspaces showed that the injuries concentrated in thumbs, forefingers, middle fingers and wrists of hands, the more serious injuries were punctures, and the function for new gloves that workers cared would be protection from punctures. The main structure of new gloves was spectra1000 fibers, which plaster non-slipper rubbers on fingers and palm, and add a fastened belt on wrist to reduce gloves fall off. The fit sizes would adopt male’s 95 percent and female’s 95 percent. The workers considered that there would be better among dexterity of hand, softness, comfort, and stability of grasp for new gloves. But there would be no significant change for the performance between new gloves and previous glove conditions. The exertion of new gloves would be evaluated in lab, we could get the performance of grip force through programs; the results showed that MVC for new gloves would be better than other glove conditions.
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Kuo, Fang-Ju, und 郭芳儒. „Memorable Good Taste--Exploring the Sense of Nostalgia of "TRA Meal Box"“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96002878575789152747.
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Neiva, Miguel Salgueiro. „Does a greater environmental concern mean improved financial performance?“ Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/73786.
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Dissertação de mestrado em FinanceThis dissertation aims to study the relationship between environmental and financial performance, whether these are linearly correlated or not. It is used a ranking that scores firms from all over the world based on their action towards climate change. From this dataset eight portfolios are formed based on the scores of each firm, using an equally and value-weighted construction approach. The methodology used is based on Carhart (1997) four-factor model and Fama & French (2018) six-factor model. To capture possible environmental related risks, it is incorporated an additional factor to these models, based on the work developed by de Haan, Dam, & Scholtens (2012). The results point out that investors do pay for their preferences for higher sustainable firms and that if a poorer sustainable firm is exposed to a factor that captures environmental related risks it loses its abnormal returns. It is therefore concluded that environmental performance has undoubtedly an effect on financial returns. But this effect is not linear, a firm with higher sustainable concerns does not achieve a better financial performance, neither does a firm with lower sustainable concerns. The high exposure to environmental related risks does not allow top nor bottom sustainable firms to achieve abnormal returns.
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Huang, Shu-Fen. „Effects of Tasks and Glosses on L2 Incidental Vocabulary Learning: Meta-analyses“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8268.
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This study investigated the effects of output stimulus tasks and glosses on L2 incidental vocabulary learning. Two meta-analytic studies were conducted. The first was intended to provide a systematic statistical synthesis of the effects of output stimulus tasks on L2 incidental vocabulary learning. A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that language learners gained more benefit from using output stimulus tasks to learn vocabulary than those who only read a text. Results also supported the involvement load hypothesis that language learners who perform a task with a higher extent of involvement load gain more L2 vocabulary. As opposed to studies with the low level of design quality, studies with high and medium levels of design quality were more likely to detect statistically significant differences among groups with different output stimulus tasks. Moreover, results suggested that time on task had a positive impact on L2 vocabulary learning. Learners who read a combination of expository and narrative texts outperformed those who only read either an expository or a narrative text in the vocabulary posttest. Learners who read a text with text-target word ratios of less than or equal to 2 percent did not learn significantly more vocabulary than those who read a text with a ratio of 2 percent to 5 percent.
The second meta-analysis study used meta-analytic techniques to explore the effects of L1 textual and image-based glosses on second language (L2) incidental vocabulary learning while reading. Results revealed that language learners who were provided with textual glosses gained more vocabulary than those who had no access to glosses. Results suggested that text-target word ratios played an important role in second language vocabulary learning. Language learners who read a passage with a text-target word ratio of ≤2 percent outperformed those who read a passage with a text-target word ratio between 2 percent and 5 percent. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups that were provided with multiple-choice and single glosses. Compared to paper-and-pencil environments, computer-assisted settings did not significantly enhance L2 vocabulary learning. Language learners who read narrative reading materials did not significantly outperform those who were exposed to expository texts with regard to incidental vocabulary learning. No significant difference in L2 vocabulary learning was observed between groups who were given L1 textual glosses and those who had access to L1 textual image-based glosses.
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Horn, Mar-Jorie. „Riglyne ter bevordering van die kind met Asperger sindroom se verhouding met die portuurgroep“. Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1995.
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Asperger Syndrome is a developmental disorder and is characterized by problems in
social interaction. These problems make it difficult for the child with Asperger
Syndrome to have normal relationships. This particular syndrome has an enormous
impact on the development of the child in middle childhood. This study is directed by
the premise that the relationship of the child with Asperger Syndrome in middle
childhood with members of the peer group can be improved with the help of parents
and teachers. Due to this fact, guidelines are provided. The lack of a good
relationship with the peer group experienced by the child with Asperger Syndrome
was formulated as the research problem.
The aim of the study was to advance the relationship between the child with Asperger
Syndrome in middle childhood and members of his peer group. In order to achieve
this goal, qualitative research was used and semi-structured interviews were
conducted with participants. The data obtained was analyzed, verified against
existing literature, and used to compile the guidelines.Asperger Sindroom is 'n ontwikkeiingsteuring en word gekenmerk deur probleme in sosiale interaksie wat normale verhoudings vir die kind met Asperger Sindroom bemoeilik. Hierdie sindroom het 'n enorme impak op die ontwikkeling van die kind in die middelkinderjare. Hierdie studie is gerig deur die uitgangspunt dat die verhouding van die kind met Asperger Sindroom in die middelkinderjare met lede van die portuurgroep verbeter kan word met hulp van ouers en onderwysers. Daarom word riglyne in hierdie studie beskryf. Die gebrek aan gesonde verhoudinge met die portuurgroep wat deur die kind met Asperger Sindroom ervaar word is as navorsingsprobleem geformuleer. Die doel van studie was om die kind met Asperger Sindroom in die middelkinderjare se verhouding met die portuurgroep te bevorder. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik, is die navorsingsproses deur kwantitatiewe navorsing gerig en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met deelnemers gevoer. Die data wat bekom is kon deur middel van data-analise en literatuurkontrole aangewend word om riglyne saam te stel.
Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Loureiro, Nuno Filipe Pedrosa. „Utilização do Simulated Anealling na resolução de problemas no planeamento da produção“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/39053.
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Relatório de estágio do Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial apresentado à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.O objetivo deste trabalho é testar a utilização da meta-heurística Simulated Annealing na resolução de problemas comuns ao planeamento da produção. São desenvolvidos algoritmos de Simulated Annealing adaptados aos problemas concretos em estudo, o sequenciamento em máquina única e a afetação de tarefas em máquinas paralelas, de forma a obter resultados que possam ser utilizados para uma análise comparativa com valores de referência já conhecidos para estes problemas. Por fim são tiradas conclusões relativas ao desempenho deste método na obtenção de soluções que possam ser consideradas “boas”.
The main objective of this work is to test the use of meta-heuristic Simulated Annealing in solving common production planning problems. Simulated Annealing algorithms adapted to the specific problems under study, the single machine scheduling and the allocation of tasks to parallel machines, are developed in order to obtain results which can be used for a comparative analysis with reference values known for these problems. Finally are taken conclusions about the performance of this method in obtaining solutions that can be considered "good".
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Lucas, Ulinda. „One perception doesn’t fit all : are you prepared to meet all your online learners’ needs?“ Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30038.
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Online innovations have been growing rapidly in the past number of years. The integration of online learning with these technological advancements creates significant challenges in determining how the use of technology can contribute to the delivery of learning materials. An area where little research has been undertaken is in determining the skills and attributes online facilitators need to be effective. This study is based on inputs gathered from both online facilitators and online learners. These inputs provided empirical information pertaining to the roles and tasks of both facilitators and learners in an ideal online learning environment. Of what benefit would this study be to future online learning? Taking cognisance of an ideal online environment, the outcomes of this study are categorised into unique groups that will provide insight to the future development of online facilitators and the tasks to be executed in addressing the diverse needs of the online learner in the knowledge era.Dissertation (MEd (CIE))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Curriculum Studies
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Chao, Che-pin, und 趙哲斌. „Catering trade many the intersection of brand and the intersection of marketing and explored secrets of succeeding and their combine the intersection of marketing and practice operated to travel, study- The Israel king tastes the meal Drink the group as the example“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77879779764184017292.
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碩士世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
101
Wang tastes group of food and beverage and becomes the chain Company of domestic first food and beverage, he manages in recent 19, has already created 11 famous meal drink cards, two sides have counted and already running a shop topped 230, annual turnover has already topped 9,600 million yean, amount of money this it exceeds famous McDonald to be Western-style to eat chain store, brilliant the intersection of China and giant hotel, the intersection of you and happy giant hotel,etc. rapidly already. Wang Pin Company list through list formally in will it be March 2012 year, stock price high over 300 yean. Wang Pin 11 the intersection of meal and the intersection of drink and card manage, hit the intersection of Taiwan and native the intersection of enterprise and many the intersection of brand management and successful remarkable model also. Research this to want, face,and explore from many the intersection of brand and marketing product Wang how about succeed in, on sale throughout its large brands on earth in purpose. The result of study of this case, obtain 6 valuable research conclusions and 3 items discover; Including ( 1) The intersection of product and many brand Wang succeed in relation and factor ( 2) The intersection of product and P-P-C-B that new brand sets up Wang on sale throughout way ( 3) The intersection of product and brand Wang orient red triangular intension ( 4) of five layers of success Product brand 10 successful Wang great to combine marketing travel and operate activity ( 5) The intersection of product and the intersection of brand and management organization, manpower and operation way ( 6) Wang The intersection of product and the intersection of brand and little the intersection of budget and old the intersection of result and miracle,etc. Wang. Hope result and discovery of this case study, can progress greatly to many brand management and many brand marketing theories and ways, can bring some to benefit; Hope to practice circle of food and beverage or brand operation of the amount of trade of any daily consumer goods at the same time, bring the practice and draw lessons from the result consulted.
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Botha, P. R. (Philippus Rudolph). „Iterative decoding of space-time-frequency block coded mimo concatenated with LDPH codes“. Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33344.
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In this dissertation the aim was to investigate the usage of algorithms found in computer
science and apply suitable algorithms to the problem of decoding multiple-input multipleoutput
(MIMO) space-time-frequency block coded signals. It was found that the sphere
decoder is a specific implementation of the A* tree search algorithm that is well known in
computer science. Based on this knowledge, the sphere decoder was extended to include
a priori information in the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) joint decoding of the
STFC block coded MIMO signals. The added complexity the addition of a priori information
has on the sphere decoder was investigated and compared to the sphere decoder without
a priori information. To mitigate the potential additional complexity several algorithms that
determine the order in which the symbols are decoded were investigated. Three new algorithms
incorporating a priori information were developed and compared with two existing
algorithms. The existing algorithms compared against are sorting based on the norms of the
channel matrix columns and the sorted QR decomposition.
Additionally, the zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) decoderswith and without decision feedback (DF) were also extended to include a priori information.
The developed method of incorporating a priori information was compared to an existing
algorithm based on receive vector translation (RVT). The limitation of RVT to quadrature
phase shift keying (QPSK) and binary shift keying (BPSK) constellations was also shown in
its derivation. The impact of the various symbol sorting algorithms initially developed for
the sphere decoder on these decoders was also investigated. The developed a priori decoders
operate in the log domain and as such accept a priori information in log-likelihood ratios
(LLRs). In order to output LLRs to the forward error correcting (FEC) code, use of the
max-log approximation, occasionally referred to as hard-to-soft decoding, was made.
In order to test the developed decoders, an iterative turbo decoder structure was used together
with an LDPC decoder to decode threaded algebraic space-time (TAST) codes in a Rayleigh
faded MIMO channel. Two variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the
turbo decoder were identified: the hard limit value of the LLRs to the LDPC decoder and the
number of independently faded bits in the LDPC code.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted