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1
Khahula, Bohdan. „Economic aspects of the formation of the innovative development of waste-free production of livestock products“. Economic Analysis, Nr. 32(3) (2022): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.03.102.
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The article is devoted to the economic aspects of the formation of innovative development of waste-free production of animal husbandry products. The purpose of the study is to develop, based on the generalization of research by scientists, practical recommendations for stimulating the waste-free production of animal husbandry products. During the research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systemic approach, dialectical and abstract-logical, etc. We believe that in order to minimize losses and effective use of by-products by the subjects of the meat product sub-complex, it is necessary to implement: optimization of the sales cycle: rejection of the existing concept of "clogged shelves" in retail chains, transfer of edible food products to charity, use of by-products in secondary food production; waste processing: the use of food waste and secondary raw materials of the food industry and agriculture for the production of animal feed, processing of organic waste into soil and fertilizers, obtaining thermal energy due to the burning of organic waste, as well as the industrial release of associated gases from them (biofuel production). Today, in the business environment, priority is given to initiatives to optimize business processes in order to increase profits and reduce financial costs. Estimating the points of occurrence of losses at all stages of the production and sales chain, determining the cause-and-effect relationships of their formation, keeping statistics and monitoring are complex, interdisciplinary and expensive processes, their economic benefit for an individual enterprise is not obvious. At the same time, for small and medium-sized businesses, many practices for reducing food losses remain inaccessible due to their high cost or the complexity of legislative procedures. In connection with this, Ukraine needs business stimulation from the state to reduce food losses along the entire production and sales chain: in rural economy, food industry, retail trade and public catering. It has been established that efforts aimed at reducing food waste must be considered from the point of view of rational use of resources and obtaining certain value from the various participants involved. For manufacturers, the advantages may be as follows: increase in economic efficiency due to the use of unsolicited by-products, their implementation by interested market participants, improvement in the quality of food products; creating reputational advantages and added value in the eyes of investors and consumers. The interests of consumers are related to increasing the availability of food products, as well as improving their quality. State authorities are interested, among other things, in reducing food losses in terms of: strengthening the country's food security; reduction of social tensions (thanks to increasing availability of food products); reduction of ecological load on the environment; preservation of land and water resources.
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Lyakhovska, Olena. „Ukraine’s foreign trade in meat and meat products: trends and geographical aspects“. Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, Nr. 3(143) (2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-7.
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Current trends in meat and meat products exports are considered. The dynamics and structural changes in meat exports by types and degree of processing (beef and veal, pork, poultry, finished meat products) are analyzed. The paper proves that in recent years, only meat and edible poultry by-products have taken a competitive position in the world market. Accordingly, the dynamics of exports of this type of meat is positive, and the share of these products in the structure of exported meat is the largest (86.09%). Possible threats to the growth of import dependence on certain types of meat products, in particular, chilled and frozen beef and veal, pork, are indicated. The rating of the largest countries-importers of meat and meat products (by types) from Ukraine is built, their share in the structure of meat exports is determined. Changes in the geographical structure of exports have been studied, which indicate a low level of diversification of the geography of exports of certain types of meat (pork, beef). At the same time, a positive development of the geographical structure of poultry meat exports (exported to more than 100 countries) was revealed. Problems of the export potential development in the meat industry of Ukraine are revealed. In particular, the problems of livestock development (outdated technologies and production techniques that reduce the efficiency and productivity; inefficiency of the organization of purchase and processing of meat, which leads to reduced breeding in small businesses and households; inefficiency of state incentives, etc.) and industrial meat production (lack of raw materials, obsolescence of fixed assets and production technologies, poorly developed logistics, etc.). The solution of these problems requires: a systematic approach, which will encourage the cooperation of agricultural and industrial production, cooperation with importers of meat products and protection of domestic producers in the domestic and international markets, creating a favorable investment and information environment that will promote the meat industry development.
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Brønnum, Louise Beck, Asmus Gamdrup Jensen und Charlotte Vinther Schmidt. „To meat or not to meat?“ International Journal of Food Design 5, Nr. 1-2 (01.12.2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfd_00011_3.
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We are facing a pandemic: climate change. In order to sustain a future population with a healthy diet, we need drastic changes in our food systems. With the demand for change both in our eating behaviour and the food industry, this opinion article dives into a currently disputed food resource with regards to climate impact: meat. First, the importance of understanding the dynamic term ‘sustainability’ is stressed. We argue that an interdisciplinary approach, which encounters not only social, economic and environmental factors, but also historical and especially taste aspects, are essential to change the current behaviour, aspects which are often forgotten in the discussion about sustainability. In the light of taste, and in particular the liking hereof, we argue that ‘umamification’ should be part of the consideration in a sustainable food system, which could come from alternative protein sources, such as marine animals or using meat in small amounts as a seasoning rather than not eating meat at all. The sustainable taste should not be tasteless but should be even tastier in the future in order to create a sustainable food system.
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Matošková, D., und J. Gálik. „Selected aspects of the internal and external competitiveness of Slovak agricultural and food products“. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 2 (18.02.2009): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/579-agricecon.
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The article describes the competitiveness of Slovak agricultural and food products after the accession of the Slovak Republic into the EU. The analysis has shown that even despite the increased subsidization and full liberalisation of trade, the competitiveness of our products still needs to develop. The main reason behind this is the poor efficiency of production and the lack of innovation activities. Most agricultural commodities are profitable only because of subsidies. Processing industry is the main contributor to the worsening deficit of trade balance. Specific commodities with good sales potential in the EU market include cereals, malt, wheat flour, dairy products, live cattle and sheep meat.
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Kot, Michał. „SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY IN POLAND“. Acta logistica 09, Nr. 04 (31.12.2022): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v9i4.356.
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Every type of business is closely related to the flow processes of various types of goods. The flow process begins at the source of raw materials until it reaches the final customer. A corollary to the newly emerging challenges of both social and environmental management of increasingly complex supply chains is the issue of sustainable supply chain management. The meat industry, along with its entire supply chain, is subject to cyclical crises, with different foundations and negative effects on individual links. One of the reasons for the crises in the meat industry is the management of supply chains based primarily on economic objectives to the exclusion of social and environmental aspects. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of sustainable supply chain management in the meat industry. The research problem is to determine the involvement of meat industry companies in the various dimensions of sustainability: economic, social and environmental. Therefore, a special online survey questionnaire was created, where potential respondents representing 93 meat companies were identified and purposely selected. After receiving and verifying the completed questionnaires, 85 completely completed questionnaires were qualified for further analysis and a coding process was carried out using Excel software, then the data was imported into Statistica statistical software, where the main statistical analyses were carried out.
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Guiry, Eric, Paul Szpak und Michael P. Richards. „ISOTOPIC ANALYSES REVEAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC PATTERNS IN HISTORICAL DOMESTIC ANIMAL TRADE BETWEEN PREDOMINANTLY WHEAT- AND MAIZE-GROWING AGRICULTURAL REGIONS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA“. American Antiquity 82, Nr. 2 (29.03.2017): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2016.34.
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Historical zooarchaeologists have made significant contributions to key questions about the social, economic, and nutritional dimensions of domestic animal use in North American colonial contexts; however, techniques commonly employed in faunal analyses do not offer a means of assessing many important aspects of how animals were husbanded and traded. We apply isotopic analyses to faunal remains from archaeological sites to assess the social and economic importance of meat trade and consumption of local and foreign animal products in northeastern North America. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 310 cattle and pigs from 18 rural and urban archaeological sites in Upper Canada (present-day southern Ontario, Canada; ca. A.D. 1790–1890) are compared with livestock from contemporary American sources to quantify the importance of meat from different origins at rural and higher- and lower-status urban contexts. Results show significant differences between urban and rural households in the consumption of local animals and meat products acquired through long-distance trade. A striking pattern in urban contexts provides new evidence for the social significance of meat origins in historical Upper Canada and highlights the potential for isotopic approaches to reveal otherwise-hidden evidence for social and economic roles of animals in North American archaeology.
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Burrell, Alison. „Animal Disease Epidemics: Implications for Production, Policy and Trade“. Outlook on Agriculture 31, Nr. 3 (September 2002): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101294001.
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The outbreak of a highly infectious animal disease in a disease-free area is an ever-present risk. Recent epidemics in European livestock populations illustrate that the cost in terms of eradication, lost production and trade disruption may be high. In this paper, the implications for the meat and livestock industry, government policy and international trade rules are considered. The need for strict biosecurity and effective contingency plans is stressed. Options such as private insurance, animal tracing systems and emergency vaccination are discussed. Current measures for controlling animal disease epidemics raise various social and ethical issues that complicate the policy makers' task.
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Minh, Doan Nguyen, Le Thi Viet Nga, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy und Pham Minh Dat. „Vietnam’s Meat Import Market Under Impacts Of The European -Vietnam Free Trade Agreement And Quality Management Demand“. Management 25, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0061.
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Abstract The impact of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on commercial business of the member could be assessed by the potential and tangible effects. This paper is adopted by Partial equilibrium theory and SMART tool to measure the impact of EVFTA on the Vietnamese meat import (HS code 02). The result of this model is claimed that EVFTA has a huge impact on boosting the meat import from EU to Vietnam. However, the value of import in this category from European nations in each country and good fluctuated significantly. This study also proposes some measures for domestic businesses and the government to ensure the benefits on Vietnam’s livestock industry. Last but not least, meat quality management is one of vital issues under EFVTA and global competitiveness to meet higher expectation of consumers. Good food (meat) manufacturing practices need to be applied. That is the social contribution value of this paper.
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Mondéjar-Jiménez, Juan Antonio, Francisco Sánchez-Cubo und José Mondéjar-Jiménez. „Consumer Behaviour towards Pork Meat Products: A Literature Review and Data Analysis“. Foods 11, Nr. 3 (24.01.2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030307.
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Knowing the behaviour of consumers is essential for all types of companies, including meat companies. For this purpose, academia is an ally of industry, and analysing scientific production seems crucial for conducting future research. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out an exhaustive review of the literature, relying on both descriptive and bibliometric analyses, the latter being through the application of clustering techniques by simple centres. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) consumer perceptions, behaviours and attitudes towards food are the main focus of research in this area; (2) the ingredients and additives of meat products are the main concerns in the industry regarding such products; (3) sausages are the dominant meat product; (4) and pork, as well as other types of meat, fall under the generic umbrella term meat. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies considering age, sex and income cohorts. Such lack might have led to finding consumer behaviour and the welfare of animals not significant despite the presupposed positive correlation. The main limitations for researchers are around the availability of budgets and the existence of trade secrets.
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Kamalapuram, Sishir K., Harish Handral und Deepak Choudhury. „Cultured Meat Prospects for a Billion!“ Foods 10, Nr. 12 (25.11.2021): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10122922.
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The dietary protein requirements of almost 9.8 billion people need to be fulfilled in a healthy and sustainable manner by 2050. Meat consumption contributes to 35% of the total protein requirement of the Indian population. Meat intake needs to be sustainable and economical without causing food security and production issues. Consumption of meat in India is projected to rise with an increase in consumer incomes. Hence, novel alternative proteins, including cultured meat (CM) and plant-based meat (PBM), are being developed to satisfy the demand for meat-derived proteins in the diet. This involves the creation of novel PBM/CM products with a similar taste and texture as conventional animal meat with tailor-made nutritional attributes. In this article, we provide critical insights into the technical and business aspects of relevance to production and sustainability encountered by the Indian CM industry at a series of stages that can be termed the CM value chain comprising upstream and downstream processes. We shed light on the need for regulatory authorities and a framework. Consumer concerns towards CM products can be alleviated through effective scientific communication strategies, including prior familiarity, narrative building and transparency, and labelling aspects of CM products.
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Duin, Pieter Van. „White Building Workers and Coloured Competition in the South African Labour Market, c. 1890–1940“. International Review of Social History 37, Nr. 1 (April 1992): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000110934.
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SummaryThe article deals with “racial” aspects of the labour market and labour relations in South Africa's building industry, focussing largely, though not exclusively, on skilled building workers on the Witwatersrand (Southern Transvaal). Different trade-union strategies are examined, as pursued by building trade unions in the Transvaal as well as the Eastern Cape and Natal, in order to add a comparative dimension. In the latter areas, shortly after World War I, a white-exclusionist organizing policy was replaced in some urban centres by a pragmatic strategy of incorporating “coloured” artisans (Africans and Indians continued to be excluded). In the Transvaal, on the other hand, the relatively strong position of white building workers and a deeply-ingrained racism ensured the maintenance of racially-exclusive trade unionism in the building industry.
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Shaallan, Dr Hisham Yas. „Economic Feasibility Study for Petroleum Projects (Practical Aspects)“. Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 3, Nr. 1 (06.05.2021): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v3i1.62.
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An increasing importance is given to the Economic Feasibility Study of Petroleum Projects. The reason behind that is the critical role played by the Petroleum Industry in Society, Economy and Foreign Trade. In general, Petroleum Industry is involved with the Exploitation of Oil and Gas Resources to satisfy the country's needs (households and industrial sectors) and to export these resources, in order to, gain foreign currencies which are necessary for
funding the country's social and economic requirements. Petroleum Projects have diversity features in terms of location, size, capital, technology and risks. On the Other hand, because of the importance of the Petroleum Industry, high significance should be given to the Economic Feasibility Study, especially the necessary of good knowledge of the nature of Petroleum Activities, Projects and Contracts, as well as the fundamentals of Advanced Feasibility Study.
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Vaerenbergh, Pieter Van. „The EU’s Commitment to Social and Environmental Standards in its Modernised Trade Defence Instruments“. Zeitschrift für europarechtliche Studien 25, Nr. 4 (2022): 843–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-439x-2022-4-843.
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Since the modernisation of the Basic Regulations in 2017 and 2018, the EU explicitly exerts social and environmental goals through the application of its trade defence instruments. Whereas the Commission portrayed the new rules as a guarantee that high European standards would not disadvantage the European industry in application of trade defence instruments, commentators were quick to question the EU’s true intentions behind the inclusion of social and environmental considerations. This article reviews three major aspects of social and environmental considerations in trade defence practice: the significant distortions methodology, the new calculation of the injury margin and the application of the Union interest test. This article commends the EU’s effort to reconcile the two seemingly opposing goals of trade defence and social and environmental protection, and identifies areas of improvement as well as possibilities to options to further “green” the trade defence instruments.
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Shearer, J., G. Burgess und P. R. English. „A Study of consumer attitudes to fat in meat“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (März 1986): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960001597x.
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There has been growing discussion on the association of dietary factors with human health and disease. One such association which has been highlighted is that between saturated fat and heart disease. It is vital that both food producers and food processors are sensitive to consumer requirements in this context, and that they modify their production processes in response to changing consumer demand. At this stage, however, there is much uncertainty regarding the current and long term demands of consumers and in the degree of variation in such demand, for example, between different locations, age and social groups. Thus, in order to inform farmers and food processors it is necessary to determine consumer beliefs and attitudes regarding aspects of diet in order to get some measure of factors affecting demand now and in the future. This project set out to measure certain aspects of consumer attitude to fat in meat. The ultimate objective was to obtain information for decision takers in the meat industry.
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Nastasijevic, Ivan, Milica Glisic, Milan Milijasevic, Sasa Jankovic, Radmila Mitrovic, Jelena Babic Milijasevic und Marija Boskovic Cabrol. „Biosecurity and Lairage Time versus Pork Meat Quality Traits in a Farm–Abattoir Continuum“. Animals 12, Nr. 23 (01.12.2022): 3382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233382.
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The modern pig production chain is increasingly focused on biosecurity, quality, and safety of meat and is associated with many challenges impacting world meat markets, such as animal disease outbreaks and sanitary restrictions, trade regulations and quality requirements. To overcome such challenges and assure more consistent pork meat quality (and safety), there is a need to develop an effective and reliable monitoring system in a farm–abattoir continuum that can be based on selected biomarkers. This study assessed interrelations of selected stress and inflammation biomarkers (acute phase proteins (APP)) between farm biosecurity score versus pork meat quality traits after two different lairage periods. Briefly, the maximum recorded levels of stress hormones (436.2 and 241.2 ng/mL, for cortisol and Chromogranin A (CgA), respectively) and APP (389.4 and 400.9 μg/mL, Pig Major Acute Proteins (MAP) and Haptoglobin (Hp), respectively) at four commercial farms were within the recommended threshold values. Cortisol and APP were negatively correlated to the internal and total biosecurity scores of farms. The increase of level of both sets of biomarkers was found at bleeding (after transportation and lairage period), but with lower values after long (18–20 h) versus short (1–3 h) lairage lay-over time. In general, negative correlation was confirmed between stress and inflammation biomarkers and carcass/meat quality traits. The farm total biosecurity level significantly affected chilling yield, meat temperature, and a* value. Pig-MAP emerged as a good biomarker with a promising potential for assessment and anticipation of broad aspects in the pork meat chain. It can be used for detection of failures in the pig production system and might be incorporated in certification programs for the pork meat industry.
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Rodoljub, Topić, und Spasojević Boris. „Contemporary Aspects of Correlation between Agriculture and Rural Development“. ECONOMICS 4, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0001.
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Summary In most countries, agriculture represents a strategic economic sector. In developed countries, the share of agriculture in GDP amounts only to 2-3%, but this industry assists in development of other sectors as well: trade, tourism, chemical and mechanical/machine industry, etc. Nowadays, great attention is paid to environmental protection and production of quality products. Sustainability has become a key determinant of agricultural production. Modern agriculture is focused onto productive and intensive production, but also towards multifunctional development of rural areas. Implementation of integral rural development and new regional concept of development sublimates several objectives: economic and social progress, demographic stability, environmental and cultural heritage protection, etc. This development model is mainly introduced in developed countries, but also in developing countries. A greater scope of social problems, in addition to the production, is resolved by doing so,. However, the results of the rural development policy differ from one country to another. Today, methods for measurement of rurality have been developed. Agriculture and rural development are in constant interaction, but the advocates of direct support for agriculture continue to oppose territorial approach and subsidies for rural development.
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Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan, Wenchao Liu, Karthika Pushparaj und Sungkwon Park. „The Epic of In Vitro Meat Production—A Fiction into Reality“. Foods 10, Nr. 6 (16.06.2021): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061395.
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Due to a proportionally increasing population and food demands, the food industry has come up with wide innovations, opportunities, and possibilities to manufacture meat under in vitro conditions. The amalgamation of cell culture and tissue engineering has been the base idea for the development of the synthetic meat, and this has been proposed to be a pivotal study for a futuristic muscle development program in the medical field. With improved microbial and chemical advancements, in vitro meat matched the conventional meat and is proposed to be eco-friendly, healthy, nutrient rich, and ethical. Despite the success, there are several challenges associated with the utilization of materials in synthetic meat manufacture, which demands regulatory and safety assessment systems to manage the risks associated with the production of cultured meat. The role of 3D bioprinting meat analogues enables a better nutritional profile and sensorial values. The integration of nanosensors in the bioprocess of culture meat eased the quality assessment throughout the food supply chain and management. Multidisciplinary approaches such as mathematical modelling, computer fluid dynamics, and biophotonics coupled with tissue engineering will be promising aspects to envisage the future prospective of this technology and make it available to the public at economically feasible rates.
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Naumenko, A., und A. Shapovalova. „Global trends of digital transformation of retail trade during the corona crisis“. Siberian Financial School, Nr. 1 (10.01.2021): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/1993-4386-2021-1-74-87.
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The article examines some aspects of digitalization of the retail sector during the COVID-19 and under the pressure of information and communication technology (ICT) innovations. Ecommerce, previously a secondary sales channel, in the face of the impact of quarantine restrictions on the social activity of citizens, has become a noticeable factor and “accelerator” of consumer migration to online-channels and industry transformation. In this regard, as a special segment of the digital economy, e-commerce acquires particular importance for the study and development of recommendations for improving sales technologies, when moving to omnichannel service.
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Thomsen, D. A., und J. Davies. „Social and cultural dimensions of commercial kangaroo harvest in South Australia“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, Nr. 10 (2005): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03248.
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Kangaroo management is important to the sustainability of Australia’s rangeland landscapes. The commercial harvest of kangaroos assists in reduction of total grazing pressure in the rangelands and provides the potential for supplementary income to pastoralists. Indeed, the commercial kangaroo industry is considered by natural resource scientists as one of the few rural industry development options with potential to provide economic return with minimal environmental impact. While the biology and population ecology of harvested kangaroo species in Australia is the subject of past and present research, the social, institutional and economic issues pertinent to the commercial kangaroo industry are not well understood. Our research is addressing the lack of understanding of social issues around kangaroo management, which are emerging as constraints on industry development. The non-indigenous stakeholders in kangaroo harvest are landholders, regional management authorities, government conservation and primary production agencies, meat processors, marketers and field processors (shooters) and these industry players generally have little understanding of what issues the commercial harvest of kangaroos presents to Aboriginal people. Consequently, the perspectives and aspirations of Aboriginal people regarding the commercial harvest of kangaroos are not well considered in management, industry development and planning. For Aboriginal people, kangaroos have subsistence, economic and cultural values and while these values and perspectives vary between language groups and individuals, there is potential to address indigenous issues by including Aboriginal people in various aspects of kangaroo management. This research also examines the Aboriginal interface with commercial kangaroo harvest, and by working with Aboriginal people and groups is exploring several options for greater industry involvement. The promotion of better understandings between indigenous and non-indigenous people with interests in kangaroo management could promote industry development through the marketing of kangaroo as not only clean and green, but also as a socially just product.
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Lamri, Melisa, Tanima Bhattacharya, Fatma Boukid, Imene Chentir, Amira Leila Dib, Debashrita Das, Djamel Djenane und Mohammed Gagaoua. „Nanotechnology as a Processing and Packaging Tool to Improve Meat Quality and Safety“. Foods 10, Nr. 11 (29.10.2021): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112633.
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Nanoparticles are gaining momentum as a smart tool towards a safer, more cost-effective and sustainable food chain. This study aimed to provide an overview of the potential uses, preparation, properties, and applications of nanoparticles to process and preserve fresh meat and processed meat products. Nanoparticles can be used to reinforce the packaging material resulting in the improvement of sensory, functional, and nutritional aspects of meat and processed meat products. Further, these particles can be used in smart packaging as biosensors to extend the shelf-life of fresh and processed meat products and also to monitor the final quality of these products during the storage period. Nanoparticles are included in product formulation as carriers of health-beneficial and/or functional ingredients. They showed great efficiency in encapsulating bioactive ingredients and preserving their properties to ensure their functionality (e.g., antioxidant and antimicrobial) in meat products. As a result, nanoparticles can efficiently contribute to ensuring product safety and quality whilst reducing wastage and costs. Nevertheless, a wider implementation of nanotechnology in meat industry is highly related to its economic value, consumers’ acceptance, and the regulatory framework. Being a novel technology, concerns over the toxicity of nanoparticles are still controversial and therefore efficient analytical tools are deemed crucial for the identification and quantification of nanocomponents in meat products. Thus, migration studies about nanoparticles from the packaging into meat and meat products are still a concern as it has implications for human health associated with their toxicity. Moreover, focused economic evaluations for implementing nanoparticles in meat packaging are crucial since the current literature is still scarce and targeted studies are needed before further industrial applications.
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Osmakov, V., und A. Kalinin. „On the strategy for industrial development of Russia“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 5 (20.05.2017): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-5-45-59.
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The article considers the problems of industrial policy and, accordingly, the industrial development strategy from the standpoint of the challenges facing the industry, the conditions for the adoption of strategic decisions and possible answers - the key directions of state activities. The main principles and directions are analyzed: investment, foreign trade, technological policies, certain aspects of territorial planning, state corporate and social policies. Proposals on the prospective goal-setting and possible results of industrial policy have been formulated.
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Aranda, Juan, David Zambrana-Vásquez, Felipe Del-Busto und Fernando Círez. „Social Impact Analysis of Products under a Holistic Approach: A Case Study in the Meat Product Supply Chain“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 21 (04.11.2021): 12163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112163.
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Social impact assessment of products can be approached through different methodologies that need to be adapted to the particularities and features of the studied subject. Thus, the Social Life Cycle Assessment methodology can be used to assess different innovative practices of product manufacturing, under a circular economy approach, by identifying potential positive as well as negative impacts along products’ life cycle. This paper presents the results of the Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment of a reference product from the Spanish meat industry using existing and new innovative methods of social impact analysis. Worker discrimination, health and safety for workers, consumers and local community were identified as the social aspects with relevant significance into the business or for the influence on customer’s perception of the products studied. Therefore, results can represent a reference scenario for the future assessment of innovative solutions in the Spanish meet sector. Despite the scarce use of Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment, this case study is a good example of how this innovative kind of assessment can be helpful for companies to identify their weak and strong social performance areas and design strategies to improve in Social Responsibility Management.
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Grega, Libor. „Agricultural trade liberalization and positive externalities“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, Nr. 3 (2005): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553030035.
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Changes in the perception of economic growth within the context of sustainable development lead to the broadly defined concept of further development of all industries, while agriculture plays qualitatively new role in this concept. Agriculture is not any more viewed only as an industry ensuring nutrition of population, but also its non-production benefit has growing importance. There is growing importance of the concept of multifunctionality of agriculture both in the Czech Republic and in the whole European Union, where agriculture historically played an important role in landscape formation and determined the development of social structures, while these aspects have growing importance for formulating of agricultural policies. Multifunctionality reflects the fact, that agriculture produces many food and non-food commodities, while some of them have the character of externalities and public goods.One of important conditions of efficient conception of agricultural policy is the answer on the question, what is the impact of growing trade liberalization on social welfare, respectively welfare of producers and consumers, if there are positive agricultural externalities. The analysis brings comparison in welfare development when externalities are internalized and when they are not. There are important consequences for social welfare, if state does not evaluate extra-production benefit of agriculture in a proper way.For the distribution analysis of benefits and costs of agricultural trade liberalization in presence of positive externalities connected with agricultural production, e.g. the analysis of impacts on consumers, producers and social welfare, is used traditional international trade model.Under the present tendency to liberalization of world agricultural markets there should be an effort of policy makers to internalise agricultural externalities. If there are agricultural industries, which are net exporters and at the same time produce positive agricultural externalities, trade liberalization brings additional increase of social welfare, connected with increased production of given agricultural commodity and at the same time increased production of positive agricultural externality. Growth of social welfare will be higher if positive agricultural externality will be internalised.For agricultural industries with positive externalities which are net importers, the change of social welfare brought by trade liberalization is not obvious. It depends on concrete character of cost and demand curves. However in any case, the social welfare will be higher with internalised externality that without internalization.
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Yu, Peter K. „Access to Medicines, BRICS Alliances, and Collective Action“. American Journal of Law & Medicine 34, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 2008): 345–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880803400210.
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On December 6, 2005, shortly before the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong, WTO member states agreed to accept a protocol of amendment to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPs Agreement”). This amendment sought to provide a permanent solution to implement paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (“Doha Declaration”). If ratified, the new article 31bis of the TRIPs Agreement will allow countries with insufficient or no manufacturing capacity to import generic versions of on-patent pharmaceuticals.To facilitate the supply of essential medicines to countries with insufficient or no manufacturing capacity, article 31bis(3) creates a special arrangement not only for the affected countries, but also for those belonging to a regional trade agreement. Such an arrangement allows less developed countries to aggregate their markets to generate the purchasing power needed to make the development of an indigenous pharmaceutical industry attractive.
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Ndubisi, Nelson Oly, und Arne Nygaard. „The ethics of outsourcing: when companies fail at responsibility“. Journal of Business Strategy 39, Nr. 5 (17.09.2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2018-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that costs reduction is no longer a complete indication of performance and should not be attained at the expense of the firm’s sustainable social responsibility and environmental aspects. The question of whether outsourcing is a “blessing” or a “lesson” remains unresolved in the minds of practitioners and researchers alike. The literature is replete with the up- and down-sides of outsourcing, all going in different directions, making it very cumbersome particularly for practitioners to articulate when and what to outsource (if at all) and how to contain or mitigate outsourcing downsides. Design/methodology/approach Outsourcing as a two-edged sword can be value creating strategy or a firm’s soft spot. This paper focusses on the latter through a review of sourcing in two leading multinational companies: Benetton, in the fast fashion industry, and Nestlé, in the food industry. Findings Benetton experienced the biggest catastrophe in the garment industry, the Rana Plaza collapse. Nestlé went through the horse meat scandal, perhaps one of the most complex food crime cases in history. Both cases illustrated the strategic vulnerability that arises from the international outsourcing of production. Research limitations/implications Clearly, production costs are no longer a complete indication of performance as the two cases unveil. Management control systems should be especially vigilant when outsourcing transfers social and environmental responsibility from one contract to another in a global business context. Monitoring costs cannot be outsourced when it comes to sustainable social responsibility and environmental aspects. Practical implications Firms can leverage relationships with stakeholder groups, activists and NGOs to help them to monitor their international operations. Institution-based trust to protect brands, increased integration and control are necessary mechanisms. Originality/value Indeed, global outsourcing in any industry should transfer not only industrial operations but also credible and responsible social and environmental benchmarks.
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Lewis, David. „Taxation aspects of climate change management measures“. APPEA Journal 50, Nr. 1 (2010): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09015.
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Climate change is undoubtedly one of the greatest economic, social, and environmental challenges now facing the world. The present Australian Government is committed to acting on climate change and Australia’s progress towards its emissions reduction targets is being closely watched internationally. To contribute effectively to global climate change action, Australia must demonstrate its ability to implement robust and sustainable domestic emissions management legislation. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), modelled after the cap-and-trade system, continues to be debated by our policymakers, as the Government moves to re-introduce its preferred CPRS legislative package for the third time. The advent of climate change legislation is inevitable and its impact will be far-reaching. This paper reviews the fiscal aspects of the proposed CPRS legislation in the context of the oil and gas industry, and whether it is conducive to creating incentives for appropriate climate change response by the industry. In particular, this paper will consider: the direct and indirect tax features specifically covered in the proposed CPRS legislation and their implications; the areas of taxation that remain uncanvassed in the proposed CPRS legislation and aspects requiring clarification from the tax administration; the interaction between Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and the CPRS measures; the flow-on impacts to taxation outcomes resulting from proposed accounting and financial reporting responses to the CPRS legislation; the income tax and PRRT treatment of selected abatement measures; and, elements of a good CPRS tax strategy and compliance action plan.
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Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina, Helena Hansson, Ulf Sonesson und Stefan Gunnarsson. „Research on Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability in Dairy Farming: A Systematic Mapping of Current Literature“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 14 (08.07.2020): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145502.
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Dairy cows are able to convert fibrous materials, such as grass, roughage, and by-products from the food industry, into milk and meat, which justifies their role in food production. However, modern dairy farming is associated with major sustainability challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions. In order to develop sustainable future production, it is important to implement existing knowledge and fill knowledge gaps. The aim of this study was to systematically map the scientific literature on environmental, economic, and social sustainability at farm level in dairy farming. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 and with the geographical focus on Europe, North America, and Australia–New Zealand was included. In total, the literature search resulted in 169 hits, but after removing duplicates and papers outside the study scope only 35 papers remained. Of these, only 11 dealt with the three dimensions of sustainability, and several of these only mentioned one or two of the dimensions or set them in relation to that/those actually studied. Overall, the selected literature did not clearly explain how aspects of sustainability are interlinked, so possible negative or positive interactions between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified.
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Andadari, Lincah, Dhany Yuniati, Bambang Supriyanto, Murniati, Sri Suharti, Asmanah Widarti, Eden Steven et al. „Lens on Tropical Sericulture Development in Indonesia: Recent Status and Future Directions for Industry and Social Forestry“. Insects 13, Nr. 10 (08.10.2022): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100913.
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The domestic silkworm or mulberry silk moth, B. mori L., provides more than 99% of the world’s silk. Silk, as a sericulture product, was first introduced in Indonesia through a trade mechanism and began to develop in 1953. Several factors (economic, ecological, market, and cultural) support sericulture and make it become one of the non-timber forest product priorities. However, the competitive advantages alone have not encouraged the development of prospective sericulture industry in Indonesia yet. This paper is a review of tropical sericulture development in Indonesia. The literature on the development of sericulture in Indonesia between 1989 and 2022 is used to describe conditions related to mulberry cultivation (moriculture), and silkworm rearing (sericulture), as well as the state of socio-economic development, culture, and institutions. Moriculture and sericulture techniques, socio-economic aspects, institutional arrangements, and community motivations are intertwined, creating a challenging atmosphere for sericulture development. There are potential resources, such as exploring quality mulberry production and quality silkworm production through research and development, valuable cultural aspects, and potential stakeholders to build network engagement. Commitment, cooperation, and action from all stakeholders are needed to enhance the development of sericulture in Indonesia. In this context, the central government can play an important role in facilitating multi-stakeholder partnerships in the development of integrated sericulture in Indonesia.
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Giacomin, Alessandra, und Sergio Almeida Pacca. „Environmental and socioeconomic assessment of textile products consumption in Brazil - relationships with international trade“. Revista Kawsaypacha: sociedad y medio ambiente, Nr. 7 (16.03.2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/kawsaypacha.202101.002.
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Textile products drive a significant portion of the world economy, providing jobs, and being present in every aspect of our lives in all countries around the world. However, in its production, issues related to environmental and social pressures emerge. Taking into consideration the growing concern related to environmental and social impacts, it is necessary to address the issue of emissions generated indirectly by the sectors that supply the textile industry. This work has carried out an environmental and socioeconomic assessment of the consumption of textile products in Brazil, considering the relationship with international trade. The methodology used was the Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) analysis, and the database used was Exiobase 3, for the year 2011. It was possible to conclude that most of the indirect impacts related to the textile industry are domestically generated. In the category of climate change and primary energy consumption, the sector that stood out was natural gas, with 51% of CO2 emissions and 33% of energy consumption. The largest share of indirect jobs is generated in the commercial sector with 34%, and the largest number of indirect employees are male with medium skill level, which represents 33%, followed by workers from the vulnerable class (self-employed) with 27%. Based on this analysis, it was possible to identify the greatest limitations related to socio-environmental aspects and the possible solutions to be adopted for this sector.
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Hasmawaty, Christofora Desi Kusmindari und Muhammad Faizal. „Feasibility Study of Canned Smoked Fish as the Micro Enterprises in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia“. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 21, Nr. 1 (31.05.2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v21.n1.p10-19.2022.
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This paper analyzes several aspects (technical, marketing, economic, social, and financial) of canned smoked fish (Pangasius) as a micro-industry in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This article adopts mix-methods. A quantitative method is used to explain technical, marketing, economic, and financial aspects, while the social aspect is explained using a qualitative method. The author collects the Pangasius species sample from nine districts in South Sumatra Province for the technical aspect. This sample transformed into canned smoked fish using several steps: preparation, making and cooking, filling process, exhausting, sealing sterilization, and cooling process. The author also collects secondary data and interviews several key informants to analyze the non-technical aspect of the canned smoked fish industry. A canned smoked fish (Pangasius) has excellent potential to develop as a micro-enterprise in South Sumatra, Indonesia. In the long-term, it could be an instrument for the local government to increase citizens' well-being based on local resources and penetrate the ASEAN free trade area. In a short time, it could be an instrument for the local government to manage the economic effect of COVID-19 in South Sumatera, Indonesia. This study could be a baseline for the government to create a policy for developing the smoked fish industry. The result of this study could be a second opinion in planning capital investment within the smoked fish industry at the SSP for the investor and the entrepreneur.
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Hammer, Nikolaus. „International Framework Agreements: global industrial relations between rights and bargaining“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 11, Nr. 4 (November 2005): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890501100404.
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This paper examines the emergence and the main features of International Framework Agreements (IFAs). IFAs originated in the 1980s and proliferated after 2000. They aim to secure core labour rights across multinational corporations' global supply chains. Global Union Federations, as well as other global (World Company and Works Councils), regional (European Works Councils or European Industry Federations) and national trade union structures, are parties to IFAs. Based on various features of international trade union activity, such as World Company Councils, codes of conduct, the trade and labour rights campaign or international social dialogue, IFAs constitute an important and innovative tool of international industrial relations. An analysis of the substantive and procedural provisions of IFAs leads to an analytical distinction between ‘rights' agreements and ‘bargaining’ agreements. The article assesses the substantive and procedural aspects of the 38 IFAs concluded before June 2005. Finally, key issues such as the scope of agreements, trade union capacity, and global supply chains are discussed in the context of international labour's campaigning, organising and negotiation activities.
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Zielińska-Chmielewska, Anna, Jerzy Kaźmierczyk und Ireneusz Jaźwiński. „Quantitative Research on Profitability Measures in the Polish Meat and Poultry Industries“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 1 (30.12.2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010092.
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Business entities strive for continuous adaptation to changing situations and needs. The decisions of business entities entangled in multifaceted processes of economic, social, and environmental progress must be taken on the basis of reliable knowledge, developed know-how, scrupulous recognition of the initial state, and foresight of the multiple consequences of business actions over a long horizon. In such a situation, the measurement of financial efficiency in terms of the profitability of enterprises in meat and poultry industries is extremely desired and provides valuable information on the necessary modifications to reduce the potential risks of business operation. The Polish meat and poultry industries should take into account current and future market requirements, competition, and consumer response. The dynamic progress of technology is forced to take appropriate steps to improve and modernize products, services, and methods of solving profit losses. The aim of the paper is to calculate and evaluate the statistical relationships between profitability ratios in Polish meat and poultry enterprises divided into four groups: slaughterhouses, meat enterprises (small, medium, and large), poultry meat enterprises, and meat trade enterprises. In the theoretical part of the study, methods of descriptive, comparative, deductive, and synthetic analyses were used. In the practical part of the study, panel data from the entire meat and poultry industries in the period from 2010 to 2019 were used. For the measurement of financial efficiency, methods, such as financial indicator analysis, panel database modeling, and nonparametric ANOVA, were applied. The ANOVA method was used to test only the statistically significant relationships between profitability ratios across all groups of examined enterprises in the meat and poultry industries. To summarize, the optimal level of profitability was achieved by all groups of examined enterprises, except small meat enterprises. The highest financial efficiency in the area of profitability was reached by poultry enterprises. Moreover, financial support for small companies in the meat industry can bring tangible benefits such as maintaining a diversified product range locally and transforming small meat companies into buying centers for the local community. Both are effective solutions, especially in view of the post-pandemic situation.
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Oláh, Judit, Nicodemus Kitukutha, Hossam Haddad, Miklós Pakurár, Domicián Máté und József Popp. „Achieving Sustainable E-Commerce in Environmental, Social and Economic Dimensions by Taking Possible Trade-Offs“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 1 (24.12.2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010089.
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The Internet revolution has led to the advancement of online business all over the world. The environmental, social, and economic aspects are significant to the e-commerce sector, on both the retailer and consumer sides. It cannot be over-emphasized how important the sustainability of e-commerce in all three dimensions is. E-commerce will allow consumers to shop online easily, at any hour of the day, using secure payment systems; furthermore, trust in retailers’ websites is of paramount importance to consumers. This calls our attention to the gap in previous studies, and consequently, the purpose of this study is to fill the gap, to ensure sustainable e-commerce in three dimensions; environmental, social, and economic. The question and aim under investigation are: How to integrate three dimensions into e-commerce to ensure that sustainability is achieved now and for future generations, while thriving as an industry? Collaboration is required, and all stakeholders in the virtual market must take appropriate responsibility. The methodology adopted is a review of previous studies done on each individual dimension of sustainability, since no joint studies have been carried out and integrated into the same literature framework. Furthermore, a case study involving companies in Kenya and Jordan is used in order to collect empirical data. The findings of the study show that: First, integration is essential for the sustainability of e-commerce in its three dimensions; second, trade-offs must be taken in the various dimensions in order for companies to realize sustainable e-commerce. This will go in hand with the realization of the maximum benefits of integrating the three dimensions in e-commerce to make it more sustainable. In conclusion, by applying these aspects of sustainability in e-commerce, it is clear that everyone wins. This is achieved by improving and safeguarding the quality of life by protecting the environment, preserving natural resources, and maintaining and sustaining the economy. The implications of the study are that, in order to make e-commerce more sustainable, to make decisions and take action, social/environmental/economic aspects must be considered as a fundamental element, and must be treated as a group and not separately as in previous studies. In this way, we can realize greater benefits, not only in online business sustainability, but also in policy-making and environmental protection, while companies will create economic value as well as avoiding labor unrest.
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Liu, Weiwei. „Analysis on China's Real Estate Economy Based on Big Data“. E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302058.
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Over the past 40 years of China's reform and opening -up, the Chinese society and national economy have been booming. The real estate economy as a pillar industry of the national economy has achieved rapid growth. However, the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis in 2007, COVID-19 and the intensifying China-US trade war in 2020 have repeatedly raged, like the "Three Sword of Damocles" hurting Chinese economy. Based on rencent 10 years data collection, the paper analyzes the trend of real estate prices and puts forward countermeasures from many aspects to achieve to stabilize the housing market, economic and social situation.
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Khan, Abdul Salam, Catalin Iulian Pruncu, Razaullah Khan, Khawar Naeem, Abdul Ghaffar, Pakeeza Ashraf und Shah Room. „A Trade-off Analysis of Economic and Environmental Aspects of a Disruption Based Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 17 (29.08.2020): 7056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177056.
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Closed-loop supply chain networks are gaining research popularity due to environmental, economic and social concerns. Such networks are primarily designed to overcome carbon footprints and to retrieve end of life products from customers. This study considers a multi echelon closed-loop supply chain in the presence of machine disruption. A multi-objective model is presented to optimize the total cost, the total time and emissions in a closed-loop supply chain network. The aim is to analyze the trade-off between the objectives of cost, time, and emissions and how these decisions are impacted by the selection of different available machines. A number of solution approaches are tested on a case study from the tire industry. The results suggest the improved performance of the hybrid heuristic and the importance of controlling disruption in a closed-loop supply chain network. Furthermore, there is a trade-off between the different objective functions which can help the decision maker to choose a particular solution according to the preference of an organization. Finally, conclusion and future research avenues are provided.
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Hemminki, Elina. „Commercial Information on Drugs: Confusing the Physician?“ Journal of Drug Issues 18, Nr. 2 (April 1988): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800210.
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Physicians' drug prescribing habits are not adequate. This paper gives examples from Finland suggesting that information given by drug industry is likely to create and reinforce poor prescribing. Results from four different studies looking at the content of the Finnish commercial drug catalogues suggest that physicians relying on them may be led astray. Studies on drug representatives' presentations in 1975 and 1986 showed that negative aspects of drugs were often omitted. The confusion created by the double name system (trade names and generic names) is illustrated by a survey, showing that physicians did not often know the generic equivalents of the trade names and vice versa. At the end, predictions of possible changes in commercial drug information are presented.
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Sudrajat, Arip Rahman, Asep Sumaryana, Raden Ahmad Buchari und Tahjan Tahjan. „Pengamatan Lingkungan Pengelolaan Pasar Tradisional di Kabupaten Sumedang“. Jurnal Administrasi Publik : Public Administration Journal 9, Nr. 1 (18.06.2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jap.v9i1.2232.
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<pre><em>This research is about observing the environment in managing Traditional Markets in Sumedang Regency. Problems involving external analysis are characterized by a lack of representation of facilities and infrastructure and limited storage of work documents, while internal analysis is characterized by assigning tasks to employees that are not based on the competencies of each employee. The theory used refers to the stages in strategic management that refer to one element of the four basic elements of strategic management, namely environmental observation. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach. The results showed that in the external analysis aspect carried out by the Department of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, Trade and Industry of Sumedang Regency, not yet fully able to analyze the external conditions, namely the work environment and social environment in the Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprises, Trade and Industry Sumedang Regency is to be used as a strength or carrying capacity in the implementation of strategic management of Traditional Market management in Sumedang Regency, marked by facilities and infrastructure to support a limited working environment and social environment that still leaves social problems from the weak handling of garbage and placement of street vendors. While internal analysis on cultural aspects must be improved in terms of employee work discipline and human resource competencies must be improved according to work completion requirements.</em><em></em></pre>
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Chambost, Isabelle, Christian Hoarau und Patrick Roturier. „Social dialogue in France and reactions to the financialisation of the economy“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 15, Nr. 2 (01.01.2009): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890901500208.
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Although France, unlike the English-speaking countries, came late to the capital market economy, the phenomenon of financialisation of companies - or ‘private equity’ - has now gained considerable ground. Yet the fact that the procedures and choices governing its operation are confined within the managerial sphere makes it difficult to gain any clear idea of how the various dimensions of labour, and in particular the social dialogue, are affected by this new business model. The article sets out to gain deeper insight into this dialectic through a series of semi-directive interviews of worker representatives intended better to understand aspects that are difficult to quantify. Analysis of the interview findings reveals a shared awareness of changes in practices and in the underlying business model that determines corporate operations; the resulting changes in the rules of the game governing interaction between the two sides of industry prompt a serious reconsideration of the methods and purposes of trade union action.
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Wendler, Eugen. „Friedrich List (1789–1846) – Vordenker der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft!“ Der Betriebswirt: Volume 61, Issue 1 61, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/dbw.61.1.55.
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Abstract Friedrich List (1789–1846) is one of the three leading economists who founded their own economic system. In short: Adam Smith (1723–1790) is regarded as the father of free trade and economic liberalism, Karl Marx (1818–1883) the father of central administration economy and socialism, and in the middle Friedrich List, a pioneer of the social market economy and infant industry policy. This article focuses the difficulties of the definition of List’s maxim “From prosperity to liberty” as well as his social conscience and the characteristics of the social market economy in the context of List’s approach and with his aspects of the Magical Hexagon of the social market economy. His main work “The national system of political economy” of 1841, which has been translated into many languages, became the first German classic in the field of economics in the first half of the 19th century.
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Jang, Ha-Won, und Meehee Cho. „Relationship between Personal Values and Intentions to Purchase Plant-Based Meat Alternatives: Application of the Dual Concern Theory“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 14 (16.07.2022): 8673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148673.
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This study examines consumers’ intentions to purchase plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA), which have been created to protect animal rights, the global environment, and consumers’ health. Data from 319 Korean consumers were analyzed to establish a causal relationship among personal values (egoistic, biospheric, and social-altruistic), the dual concern theory (anticipated positive effect and empathetic concern), and PBMA purchase intentions. Multigroup analysis was performed for all paths according to generation, divided into Generation MZ and the older generation; “MZ” is a compound term referring to millennials and Generation Z, who have grown up in a digital environment; this collective generation comprises individuals born after 1980. Our analysis revealed that, among personal values, biospheric and social-altruistic values had positive effects on both anticipated positive effect and empathetic concern. In turn, these aspects positively influenced PBMA purchase intentions. Particularly, anticipated positive effect had a strong influence. Finally, a moderating effect was confirmed for two paths, and only Generation MZ demonstrated the enhancing influence of biospheric value on both anticipated positive effect and empathetic concern. This study has several implications and contributes to the sustainable growth and development of PBMA and the overall food service industry.
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Díaz Martínez, Irene. „The Trauma of a Non-Traumatic Decline“. (Post-)Industrial Memories. Oral History and Structural Change 31, Nr. 2-2018 (06.10.2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/bios.v31i2.05.
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Based on interviews conducted in the 1990s, the early 2000s and, again, since 2013, this article discusses views on deindustrialisation in the Asturian coalfields. While the historical experience of the Asturian miners has been shaped by forms of workers’ radicalism and their Anti-Francoist resistance, the conflicts around the shrinking of the coal industry have taken on a paradoxical outlook. On the one hand, the labour movement, and the trade unions in particular, have succeeded in securing measures to ease the transition into a post-industrial period. On the other hand, these measures are almost perceived as a “shameful victory”. Some aspects of this antagonist perception will be addressed in the following. This concerns the emotional attachment to the experiences and social bonds linked to working in the now obsolete coal mining industry. At the same time, the instruments of social security to help the miners master the crisis lead to almost contentious constellations with a younger generation that is facing severe unemployment. Thus, the aim of preventing deindustrialization from becoming a cultural trauma is therefore a difficult task in practice.
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Hilson, Mary. „Labour Politics in a Naval Dockyard: The Case of Karlskrona, Sweden c. 1880–1925“. International Review of Social History 46, Nr. 3 (26.11.2001): 341–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859001000232.
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Naval dockyards have been largely neglected by labour historians, a surprising omission given their importance as industrial workplaces with a distinct culture of labour and labour relations. This article considers labour politics in Karlskrona dockyard, Sweden, in the light of a growing body of research on work and labour relations in the British and other European dockyards. Evidence from Karlskrona suggests that, rather than being repressed by military discipline or bought off by generous state benefits, the dockyard workforce drew on aspects of its unique relationship with the national state to improve working conditions. Particular attention is given to the role of the dockyard trade union in creating a sense of workforce identity as state employees. This is in contrast to the British dockyards where unionism was founded on the rigid division of labour in the shipbuilding industry.
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Charlebois, Sylvain, Maggie McCormick und Mark Juhasz. „Meat consumption and higher prices“. British Food Journal 118, Nr. 9 (05.09.2016): 2251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2016-0121.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate if sudden retail price increases for beef products have affected consumers purchasing behaviors. Little research has been conducted that integrates retail price volatility with subdued food consumption motivations. Prior research about consumers’ meat-purchasing habits and systemic concerns linked to sustainability and animal welfare is limited or de-contextualized. This study also attempts to assess if retail price increases have triggered a change in perception of the meat industry, by looking at specific values related to animal protein production and consumption. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on an inductive, quantitative analysis of primary data obtained from a survey on beef consumption. For convenience and validity, all respondents had to be living in Canada for 12 months, and were at least 18 years old. The choice of country is not trivial. First, access to data were convenient for this study. Second, and most importantly, Canada has supply managed commodities that include poultry and chicken. In effect, Canada produces the amount of chicken it needs. Beef production is vulnerable to market volatility. As a result, demand-focussed market conditions for one often influence conditions for the other. Findings Findings indicate that higher prices have compelled 37.9 percent of the sample to reduce or to stop beef consumption altogether in the last 12 months. Beyond the issue of price, sustainability, food safety and health appear to be significant factors, more so than ethics (animal welfare). Results also show that education can be considered as a determinant for sustainable aspects of beef production when prices increase. Age and gender had no statistical significance on survey results. Some limitations are presented and future research paths are suggested. Research limitations/implications Since the sample in this study was mainly composed of consumers based in Canada, the generalizations of the findings should be approached with some caution. The same research should be conducted with consumers from other parts of the Western world to verify if the results can be generalized. Practical implications This survey help the authors to understand some aspects of beef consumption at retail. Findings of this empirical study have implications for future communications to consumers, in that greater emphasis should be given to the connection consumers have with other nutritional alternatives. Since meat consumption in the Western world is intrinsically linked to culinary traditions, behaviors can be challenging to change. Social implications The economic implications of a rapid adoption of a plant-based diet for the agricultural economy would be significant. However, the reality is that according to many studies of consumer behavior, customers still place a higher value on buying and eating meat than on any other food group. Canada’s relationship with animal proteins has deep cultural roots, particularly during holidays and summertime. Originality/value The present study has given important insights into the determinants of meat consumption reduction, a behavior which could both have long-term economic implications for the cattle and beef industries. This paper provides a deeper insight into some socio-economic factors that contribute to slow erosion of meat consumption reduction, and the effects of higher prices at retail. This is, as far as the authors know, likely the first study of its kind.
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Abdullah, Fadli, und Siti Ezaleila Mustafa. „The Responses of Selected Malaysian Trade Publishing Companies Towards Technological Development“. Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 20, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol20no1.5.
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In today’s digital age, content is no longer tied to a specific media format as it can come in any form, including in the digital format that can be distributed online. In the context of the content for book, since approximately 500 years ago, the printed book, which consists of the paper, print, binding, and glue, has been a prominent medium for content delivery. However, as digital technology advances, e-book has emerged along with printed book as an alternative to readers in the market. In some developed countries, the trend of e-book reading and buying have increased noticeably. However, looking at the broader context of the impact, e-book is only among the many aspects that have affected the industry. As argued by scholars, the end-product of the book industry is not the only aspect being affected, instead, the whole book creation process is experiencing changes. In order to have a better understanding of these issues, this study attempts to explore the current condition of Malaysian book publishing industry by analysing the responses of selected local trade publishing companies towards technological development in their pursuit of organizational success. In doing so, a case study of six local trade publishing companies comprises of large, small and medium, and government-funded publishers is conducted. From the case studies analysis, it is evident that these companies have responded vigorously to technological developments in their pursuit of organizational success. The finding shows that they are adopting the multi-platform strategy in almost every aspect of their business practices, especially in marketing and distributing of their content. In marketing, the use of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube have help them in promoting their books. Meanwhile, for the distribution of books, the emergence of online channels such as e-commerce, as well as mobile application, WhatsApp, have now opened up an opportunity for the publishers to enhance their sales. The Internet, computer technology, and social media are also becoming rather important in their book publishing practices.
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Garafonova, Olga, Daria Vietrova und Olha Marhasova. „CIRCULAR ECONOMY: INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY“. HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, Nr. 4 (Juni 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-4.
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Promoting sustainable fashion within the circular economy is an important contemporary topic. Experts in design, consumption, business and industry explain how to approach circularity in fashion production and consumption in different ways. Increasingly, new and existing companies are looking for ways to thrive in a competitive environment through innovative business models, taking into account public opinion and avoiding actions that harm the planet. Trends such as the circular economy, fair trade, and sharing policies are among the many new approaches to business that address these issues, but there is still a gap between the theory that argues for levels of environmental and social sustainability and the implementation of these strategies in practice. That is why the study of the current state of the circular economy is relevant. This article presents the principles of the circular economy in terms of fashion. The key aspects of the integration of sustainable development in the fashion industry are considered. Different approaches of new business models for the circularity of the economy are highlighted. The main directions of implementation of sustainability strategies due to business transformation are identified, which requires the construction of a new level of the system and radical innovations.
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Windia, Wayan. „Kebertahanan Subak di Era Globalisasi“. Jurnal Bali Membangun Bali 1, Nr. 2 (17.08.2018): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51172/jbmb.v1i2.27.
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Basically subak is a farmer-managed irrigation system in Bali. It is an entity managing some sites of rice field, getting irrigation water from one source, having subak temple, and getting an autonomy of internally and externally. It also has some natural bounderies. Subak as a socio-cultural institution has some strengths. But subak is very weak because of external intervention. The globalization (competition, pragmatism, materialism, etc) highly influences the subak existence. Now, irrigation water for subak is taken by tourism sector as water drinking industry and by the domestic used. Therefore water for subak is limited. Also, the land tax (pajak bumi dan bangunan) is very high, because the number of tax is based on rice fileld location. That is why land conversion in Bali is very high, about 750 ha/year. The problems and threats of subak in Bali are coming from tourism sector, green revolution concept, free trade, and biotechnology development. To increase the defensiveness and sustainability of subak needs a strategic policy in relation with parhyangan (values) aspects, pawongan (social) aspects, and palemahan (physical) aspects.
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Kasdi, Muh Fajrin. „Transformation Of Social And Economic Livelihoods Of Rubber Farmers“. EcceS (Economics, Social, and Development Studies) 7, Nr. 2 (26.12.2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v7i2.17946.
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Rubber production in Bulukumba Regency continues to increase the amount of production every year, to be precise in Bulukumpa District, Batulohe Village. But in fact, the life of rubber farmers is still very far from prosperous. The novelty of this research is to try to capture the livelihoods of rubber farmers from sociological and economic aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of land tenure, wage levels, education levels, access to information, and trade value chains in Batulohe Village, Bulukumpa District. This research was conducted in Batulohe Village, Bulukumpa District, Bulukumba Regency. This type of research is qualitative ethnographic in nature, this model seeks to study cultural events, which present the subject's view of life as an object of study. The data source of this research comes from direct interviews with rubber farmers. Data processing and data validation techniques used were source triangulation techniques to test the validity of the information obtained from informants. The results showed that there was no imbalance in land tenure structure because in fact the community already owned land. The level of wages given to farm laborers is not proportional because it does not follow the prevailing rubber price trend. The education level of farmers is still relatively low. Meanwhile, existing access to information is not transparent and unequal because it is monopolized by traders at both the village and city levels. Finally, the trade chain that occurs involves several actors, starting from farmers, village traders, urban traders to the processing industry, which tends not to benefit farmers. A big push intervention policy from the government is needed so that there will be a redistribution of fiscal allocations to the poor and an improvement in livelihoods and income. Keywords: Rubber Farmers, Social Economic; Welfare.
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Abraham, Jose. „European Trade and Colonial Conquest (vol. 1)“. American Journal of Islam and Society 23, Nr. 1 (01.01.2006): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i1.1647.
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European Trade and Colonial Conquest is authored by Biplab Dasgupta, arenowned political and social activist from Calcutta who taught economics atCalcutta University and was a member of the Parliament of India for severalyears. He has authored many books on various aspects of India’s socioeconomicand political life in the post-independence era, such as the oil industry,the Naxalite movements, trends in Indian politics, labor issues and globalization,agrarian change and technology, rural change, urbanization, and migration.The present book primarily focuses on the evolution of Bengal’s economyand society over the precolonial period, beginning from prehistoric days.Even though there are writings on Bengal’s colonial history, we know verylittle about its precolonial past except for the names of kings, the chronologyof dynasties, and scattered references to urban settlements.Dasgupta shows a specific interest in highlighting the socioeconomichistory of the last two and half centuries, from Vasco de Gama’s journey toIndia in 1498 to the battle of Palashi in 1757. The author asserts that heexplores in detail the socioeconomic and political context of Bengal thatfacilitated the transfer of power to European hands, because historians generallyignore this rather quite long and critical period. He, therefore, commentsthat this is “less a book on pre-colonial Bengal” and more a book onEuropean trade and colonial conquest (p. vii). The book explains howEuropean commercial enterprise in Bengal gathered political power throughits control over trade and gradually transformed itself into a colonial power.Although the Mughals held political power during this period, the economicpower and control of the Indian Ocean trade routes were gradually slippinginto European hands.It is believed that Clive’s victory at the battle of Palashi led to the colonialconquest of Bengal. However, focusing on Bengal’s socioeconomic ...
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Grala, Dariusz T. „The Agricultural Reform of 1981 and the Competition for Resources Between Peasant Farms and State-Owned Farms in the 1980s“. Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 38, Nr. 1 (01.12.2020): 100–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2020-0005.
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Abstract In the economy of the Polish People’s Republic in the field of agriculture, the key resources which were a subject of competition included: land; production assets (machines, devices, tools for agricultural production, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals) and people necessary to work on farms and for farms. The command economy of the times of the People’s Republic of Poland was an example of an economy of permanent shortages, which increased in times of crises of the entire system. The collapse of 1979-1982 was such a socio-economic crisis. The Trade Union of Independent Farmers’ “Solidarity”, which was part of the great social protest movement in 1980-1981, forced a change in the communist regime’s approach to the peasantry and, together with other pressure groups, contributed to the implementation of the agricultural reform covering the entire sphere of agriculture and not only its state farm segment. The reform of 1981, initiated by the Rzeszów-Ustrzyki agreements, gradually changed the living situation of farmers and, above all, led to changes in the profitability of agricultural production and the legalization of trade in meat products at marketplaces as well as the release of prices for food products in 1989. Peasant farms won the competition with state-owned farms for capital resources – new production factors, and they expanded their land acreage (land factor). Farmers, however, were losing competition for workers in confrontation with industry and services in cities and state-owned farms, where farm workers could count on very generous social benefits.
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Tomczewska-Popowycz, Natalia. „Social-economic aspects of development of Lviv Region in conditions of modern processes of Eurointegration“. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 3, Nr. 3 (01.09.2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0064.
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Abstract Eurointegration is an important direction for Ukraine, especially in present political situation. Social-economic condition is very important for entering into European organizations. In this article social-economic aspects of Lviv Region, which is a border region, in conditions of modern Eurointegration are studied. On the basis of the statistic report of social-economic condition of Lviv Region of Main Department of Statistics in Lviv Region an analysis was done, which allowed making conclusions of actual condition of the region. The task of the study is to determine basic directions of regional socialeconomic development. Main methodological approaches are systemic, chorological and chronological and also such approaches as synergetic and informational. Demographic situation of the region is being analyzed in the article, in particular indicators of natural and mechanic movement of the population, and gender-age structure of the population is also described. Peculiarities of economic development of the region are revealed, indicators of gross regional product and index of competitiveness are analyzed. The condition and tendencies of research and innovation activity of the region are presented, and also a situation in small and medium business is depicted. The studies have demonstrated, that Lviv Region, in comparison with other regions of Ukraine, is characterized by high enough social-economic development. Non-productive branch, the part of which is a scientific potential (research and project-design establishments, higher educational institutions), financial organizations, trade enterprises and food industry, which totally can satisfy the needs of the region, are relatively well developed. At the same time there are also unfavorable demographic tendencies in the region, in particular depopulation of the population is the result of negative natural growth. Perspectives of the development of the region are proposed in the article, in particular the direction of regional strategy and cross-border cooperation.