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1
Shen, C., M. F. Li, X. P. Wang, Yee-Chia Yeo und D. L. Kwong. „A fast measurement technique of MOSFETI/sub d/-V/sub g/ characteristics“. IEEE Electron Device Letters 27, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2005.861025.
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Calvin, J., und C. P. Price. „Measurement of Serum α1-Antichymotrypsin by Immunoturbidimetry“. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 23, Nr. 2 (März 1986): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328602300212.
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A simple, fast method for the measurement of serum α1-antichymotrypsin by an immunoturbidimetric technique is described. The assay spans the range 0·21 g/L to 2·83 g/L which covers adequately the majority of concentrations encountered in normal and pathological sera. The precision is good and the accuracy acceptable, as judged by a comparison with an electroimmunoassay technique. A reference range has been obtained using samples collected from blood donors.
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SERRATOSA, FRANCESC, und GERARD SANROMÀ. „A FAST APPROXIMATION OF THE EARTH-MOVERS DISTANCE BETWEEN MULTIDIMENSIONAL HISTOGRAMS“. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 22, Nr. 08 (Dezember 2008): 1539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001408006880.
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We present an efficient algorithm for computing a sub-optimal Earth Movers' Distance (EMD) between multidimensional histograms called EMD- g f, which is not limited to any type of measurement. Some algorithms that find a cross-bin distance between histograms have been proposed in the literature. Nevertheless, most of this research has been applied on 1D-histograms or on nD-histograms but with limited types of measurements. The EMD is a cross-bin distance between nD-histograms with any ground distance. Experimental validation shows that it obtains good retrieval results although the main drawback of this method is its cubic computational cost, O(z3), z being the total number of bins. The worst-case complexity of EMD- g f is O(z2), although the obtained average computational cost in the experiments is near O(m2), where m represents the number of bins per dimension, which is clearly lower than the computational cost of the EMD algorithm. Moreover, the experiments using real data show similar retrieval results.
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Zhang, Ziyi, Mohammed Roula und Richard Dinsdale. „Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy for Biomass Measurement: A Feasibility Study“. Sensors 19, Nr. 12 (20.06.2019): 2765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122765.
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Background: Biomass measurement and monitoring is a challenge in a number of biotechnology processes where fast, inexpensive, and non-contact measurement techniques would be of great benefit. Magnetic induction spectroscopy (MIS) is a novel non-destructive and contactless impedance measurement technique with many potential industrial and biomedical applications. The aim of this paper is to use computer modeling and experimental measurements to prove the suitability of the MIS system developed at the University of South Wales for controlled biomass measurements. Methods: The paper reports experimental measurements conducted on saline solutions and yeast suspensions at different concentrations to test the detection performance of the MIS system. The commercial electromagnetic simulation software CST was used to simulate the measurement outcomes with saline solutions and compare them with those of the actual measurements. We adopted two different ways for yeast suspension preparation to assess the system’s sensitivity and accuracy. Results: For saline solutions, the simulation results agree well with the measurement results, and the MIS system was able to distinguish saline solutions at different concentrations even in the small range of 0–1.6 g/L. For yeast suspensions, regardless of the preparation method, the MIS system can reliably distinguish yeast suspensions with lower concentrations 0–20 g/L. The conductivity spectrum of yeast suspensions present excellent separability between different concentrations and dielectric dispersion property at concentrations higher than 100 g/L. Conclusions: The South Wales MIS system can achieve controlled yeast measurements with high sensitivity and stability, and it shows promising potential applications, with further development, for cell biology research where contactless monitoring of cellular density is of relevance.
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Pollock, Ross D., Rachel V. Firth, Jessica A. Storey, Katherine E. Phillips, Desmond M. Connolly, Nicholas D. C. Green und Alec T. Stevenson. „Hemodynamic Responses and G Protection Afforded by Three Different Anti-G Systems“. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 90, Nr. 11 (01.11.2019): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.4927.2019.
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BACKGROUND: UK Royal Air Force fast jet aircrew use three different anti-G systems, however, little objective comparison of the G protection they provide exists. The G-protection afforded by each system and associated hemodynamic responses were investigated.METHODS: Ten subjects performed centrifuge acceleration exposures using Mk-10 (S1) and Mk-4 (S2) five-bladder anti-G trousers (AGT) and full coverage AGT plus pressure breathing for G-protection (PBG; S3). Measurements of relaxed G tolerance (RGT), eye-level blood pressure (BPeye), lower body blood volume (LBV), stroke volume (SV) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were made during gradual onset runs (GOR) and rapid onset runs (ROR). The subjective effort required to maintain clear vision at +7 and +8 Gz provided an indication of the protection provided by the system.RESULTS: All systems moderated decreases in SV and BPeye and increases in LBV under increased +Gz. S3 provided the greatest mean RGT during GOR (+6.2 Gz) and ROR (+6 Gz), reduced the effort required to maintain clear vision at up to +8 Gz, prevented venous pooling and afforded the greatest rise in TPR. The majority of indices revealed no difference between S1 and S2 although RGT during the ROR was greater with S2 (+0.25 Gz).DISCUSSION: S3 effectively prevented pooling of blood in the lower limbs under +Gz, despite the use of PBG, and offers an advantage over five-bladder AGT. Given the similarities of S1 and S2, it was unsurprising that the majority of indices measured were similar. The objective measurement of hemodynamic parameters provides useful information for comparing the G-protection provided by anti-G systems.Pollock RD, Firth RV, Storey JA, Phillips KE, Connolly DM, Green NDC, Stevenson AT. Hemodynamic responses and G protection afforded by three different anti-G systems. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(11):925–933.
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Lavagnini, I., P. Pastore und F. Magno. „Application of cyclic voltammograms under mixed spherical/semi-infinite linear diffusion at microdisk electrodes for measurement of fast electrode kinetics“. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 333, Nr. 1-2 (Juli 1992): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(92)80377-g.
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Halperin, M., und J. H. Adler. „Studies on the "labile-bound" glucose compartment in erythrocytes: studies on Psammomys obesus (sand rat) and preliminary studies on human erythrocytes.“ Clinical Chemistry 31, Nr. 7 (01.07.1985): 1219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.7.1219.
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Abstract Enzymatic (glucose oxidase) measurement of glucose concentration in the fluid compartment of Psammomys erythrocytes (Gfe) and of its concentration in the fluid compartment of blood plasma (Gfp) gives the ratio (mean +/- SD): Gfe/Gfp = 1.50 +/- 0.43 (n = 12, 23 degrees C). However, when we added 3H-labeled glucose (G*) in vitro to the whole blood, the ratio after 2 min was G*fe/G*fp = 0.90 (SD 0.11) and after 5 min G*fe/G*fp = 0.97 (SD 0.12). These calculations were based on previous determination of the fractional volumes of the fluid and non-fluid compartments in Psammomys blood. The results suggest that there is more than one compartment of measurable glucose in Psammomys erythrocytes. Glucose undergoes a fast free transfer between the plasma and the erythrocyte fluids, and a much slower transmission to another measurable compartment in the erythrocyte, where it is loosely bound to other molecules. This loosely bound glucose does not participate in the fast kinetic transmission across the erythrocyte membrane, but it is measurable by the glucose-oxidase-based method. Preliminary studies on human erythrocytes lead to similar conclusions.
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Xie, Zheng Wen. „Characterization and Activation of Pyrolytic Cooking Oil Tar from Fast Pyrolysis“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1411.
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A thermogravimetric system was designed, in which a large amount of sample (about 10 g) can be examined. Test of the combustion characteristics of cooking oil tar in pipe was conducted. Wavelet transform was introduced to the thermogravimetric data smoothing and differentiation analysis according to the experiment results, and the orthogonal test method was used to find the optimize wavelet parameter. Wavelet transform results were compared to the traditional Moving average,Gaussian Smoothing and Vondrak smoothing methods and it was proved that the signal-to-noise ratio () of the measurement is increased significantly. The kinetic parameters calculated from the original TG curves and smoothed DTG curves have excellent agreement,and thus the wavelet transform smoothing algorithms can be used directly and accurately in kinetic analysis.
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Chakravarty, Anders, Torben Stiig Hansen, Mogens Hørder und Søren Risom Kristensen. „A Fast and Robust Dual-label Nonradioactive Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay for Detection of Factor V Leiden“. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 78, Nr. 04 (1997): 1234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1657720.
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SummaryActivated protein C resistance is in almost all cases caused by the factor V Leiden mutation (FV:R506Q). Due to the high prevalence and clinical significance of the mutation reliable methods suited for processing large sets of samples are in demand. We here present the oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) with lanthanide labeled oligonucleotides for the detection of FV Leiden. The assay is based on time resolved fluorescence measurement of lanthanide labeled oligonucleotides (DELFIA: Delayed Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescence Immuno Assay) and on the specificity of T-4 DNA Ligase to join two adjacent oligonucleotides only when the two are complementary to the PCR template at the ligation junction. The Europium/Samarium fluorescence pattern is specific for each of the three genotypes (G/G, G/A, A/A) and clearly separates the three genotypes. By using a wildtype probe (Samarium labeled) and a mutant-specific probe (Europium labeled) simultaneously an internal control of the assay is included in each reaction. The assay is simple to perform, can be partly automated and is ideal for processing large sets of samples.
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Nurdin, Muhammad, Zul Arham, Sri Rahayu, La Ode Agus Salim und Maulidiyah Maulidiyah. „Electroanalytical Performance of Graphene Paste Electrode Modified Al(III)-TiO2 Nanocomposites in Fipronil Solution“. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 15, Nr. 2 (17.08.2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v15i2.16947.
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The new composite material Al(III)-TiO2 has been synthesized and applied as a modifier of graphene paste electrode for the determination of fipronil pesticide by cyclic voltammetry. The methods were to synthesis of Aluminum-Titanium dioxide (AT), preparation of graphene paste electrode with mass varied Al(III)-TiO2 (GAT) (0.05 g, 0.1 g, 0.2 g), and fipronil electroanalytic respons. Addition of Al(III)-TiO2 to the graphene paste electrode shows redox properties which are well characterized by a fast electron transfer process. Based on the results of measurements in a solution containing fipronil, it is known that fipronil is oxidized at a potential value of 0.26 V. Furthermore, the fipronil oxidation process on the GAT surface is influenced by diffusion control, this is powered by R2 value 0.91 when plotted between peak oxidation currents (Ipa) vs. root scan rate. Other results show that measurement linearity is in the range 0.01 to 0.09 µg/L with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.0164 μg/L. Moreover, GAT shows good stability in the determination of fipronil with% RSD equal to 5%.
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Nurdin, Muhammad, Zul Arham, Sri Rahayu, La Ode Agus Salim und Maulidiyah Maulidiyah. „Electroanalytical Performance of Graphene Paste Electrode Modified Al(III)-TiO2 Nanocomposites in Fipronil Solution“. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 15, Nr. 2 (17.08.2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v15i2.16947.
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The new composite material Al(III)-TiO2 has been synthesized and applied as a modifier of graphene paste electrode for the determination of fipronil pesticide by cyclic voltammetry. The methods were to synthesis of Aluminum-Titanium dioxide (AT), preparation of graphene paste electrode with mass varied Al(III)-TiO2 (GAT) (0.05 g, 0.1 g, 0.2 g), and fipronil electroanalytic respons. Addition of Al(III)-TiO2 to the graphene paste electrode shows redox properties which are well characterized by a fast electron transfer process. Based on the results of measurements in a solution containing fipronil, it is known that fipronil is oxidized at a potential value of 0.26 V. Furthermore, the fipronil oxidation process on the GAT surface is influenced by diffusion control, this is powered by R2 value 0.91 when plotted between peak oxidation currents (Ipa) vs. root scan rate. Other results show that measurement linearity is in the range 0.01 to 0.09 µg/L with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.0164 μg/L. Moreover, GAT shows good stability in the determination of fipronil with% RSD equal to 5%.
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Bonanos, A. Z., C. Avdellidou, A. Liakos, E. M. Xilouris, A. Dapergolas, D. Koschny, I. Bellas-Velidis et al. „NELIOTA: First temperature measurement of lunar impact flashes“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 612 (April 2018): A76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732109.
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We report the first scientific results from the NELIOTA (NEO Lunar Impacts and Optical TrAnsients) project, which has recently begun lunar monitoring observations with the 1.2-m Kryoneri telescope. NELIOTA aims to detect faint impact flashes produced by near-Earth meteoroids and asteroids and thereby help constrain the size-frequency distribution of near-Earth objects in the decimeter to meter range. The NELIOTA setup, consisting of two fast-frame cameras observing simultaneously in the R and I bands, enables – for the first time – direct analytical calculation of the flash temperatures. We present the first ten flashes detected, for which we find temperatures in the range ~1600 to 3100 K, in agreement with theoretical values. Two of these flashes were detected on multiple frames in both filters and therefore yield the first measurements of the temperature drop for lunar flashes. In addition, we compute the impactor masses, which range between ~100 g and ~50 kg.
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Ravindranath, Varsha, Jashbir Singh, Guddarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha und Bhimanagouda S. Patil. „Optimization of Extraction Solvent and Fast Blue BB Assay for Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Phenolics from Cucumis melo L.“ Plants 10, Nr. 7 (06.07.2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071379.
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Melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruits contain multiple health-promoting compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are antioxidants. Accurate measurement of antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents (TPCs) require an efficient solvent extraction. In this study, we evaluated free radical scavenging activity and TPC of melon extracts extracted with 22 different solvent combinations. The DPPH scavenging activities were high in 100% methanolic (39.48 ± 0.36 µg g−1) and 80% methanolic extracts (38.99 ± 0.44 µg g−1). Similarly, the ABTS scavenging activities were high in 100% methanolic (315.11 ± 10.38 µg g−1) and 80% methanol extracts (297.39 ± 14.98 µg g−1). The Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay is typically used to measure TPC but may be affected by interference from sugars and other compounds. Therefore, we optimized an assay for TPC using Fast Blue (FB) salt and developed a standard operating procedure for microplate analysis using FB. Our analysis of standard samples and comparisons with the F–C assay suggested that the optimized FB assay could be used to measure TPC in fruit and juice samples. Moreover, we successfully detected six phenolic compounds in methanol extracts of melon by LC-HR-QTOF/MS.
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Huynh, Le Thanh Nguyen, Cam Thanh Duy Ha, Viet Dung Nguyen, Dinh Quan Nguyen, My Loan Phung Le und Van Man Tran. „Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Li4Ti5O12 Prepared via Low-Temperature Precipitation“. Journal of Chemistry 2019 (25.08.2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1727859.
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This work aimed to prepare the spinel phase Li4Ti5O12 by a combination of the low-temperature precipitation technique and assisted calcination step. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the intermediated phase was Li2TiO3, and the spinel phase could be evidently formed at 700°C for 12 to 20 hours. The morphology of spinel powder, determined by SEM and TEM, exhibited a good distribution at the submicrometric scale that promoted a fast kinetic of Li migration and an excellent performance at the high-rate cycling test. The stable performances were achieved in the charge-discharge test at different current densities: 80 mA/g (165 mAh/g), 320 mA (160 mAh/g), and 1600 mA (145 mAh/g) upon 100 cycles. Moreover, we observe a capacity retention of 48% (corresponding 80 mA/g) at a high rate of 5000 mAh/g. The cyclic voltammetry measurement displayed a reversible system and revealed the lithium diffusion coefficient of 1.15 × 10−11 cm2/s.
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O'Hair, Stephen K., und Tiangen Wang. „In Situ Measurement of the Rate of NO-3 Release from Controlled-release Fertilizers“. HortScience 32, Nr. 4 (Juli 1997): 592G—593. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.592g.
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Controlled-Released Fertilizer (CRF) has a great potential for applications in the nursery container industry. However, the specific mechanisms of the control are proprietary. The longevity claimed by manufacturers are unclear. The longevity of one CRF is claimed to be 2 to 3 months at 80 °F, resulting in a deviation of 30%. Thus, the actual release rate will have a 30% deviation from the claimed longevity. A preliminary study was conducted to test the longevity of two types of RCFs. 1.00 g (7.7% NO-3-N, fast release) and 1.30 g (5.9% NO-3-N slow release) of CRF was added to 500 ml distilled water in separate flasks and stirred continuously at a low speed during measurement period. A nitrate electrode and a reference electrode were set in the solution. The nitrate electrode responded to the increase in nitrate concentration caused by nitrate release from he CRFs. The response analog signal from the nitrate sensor was input to a 16-bit analog/digital converter with 1-minute interval for each measurement. The results indicated that 9% of the nitrate from the fast CRF (2- to 3-month longevity) was released in 10 hours. About 11.5% of the nitrate from the slow CRF (8- to 9-month longevity) was released in 260 hours. Based on the observed release rates, a 2- to 3-month longevity CRF will last about 111 hours in the stirred distilled water at room temperature. A CRF with 8 to 9 month longevity will last about 94.2 days. Even though field conditions are different from the experimental conditions, the real longevity of CRF in the fields may have to be further investigated. In the tropical southern Florida climate, the release rates of nutrients from CRFs are likely to be enhanced.
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Anni, Marco. „Quantitative Comparison between the Smartphone Based Experiments for the Gravity Acceleration Measurement at Home“. Education Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (01.09.2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090493.
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Smartphones are currently proposed as potential portable laboratories to perform a wide variety of physical experiments for teaching purpose. However, the frequent lack of clarity about the ease of replication of the experiments and on their accuracy often limits their effective use. In this work we deeply compare several smartphone-based experiments to determine the gravity acceleration g by only using cheap materials easily available at home. The experiment and the data analysis complexity are progressively increased, starting from fast and easy to replicate methods. The advantages and possible limits of all the methods are deeply discussed in order to allow an evaluation of the most suitable method for any particular teaching scenario.
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Tian, Meng, Shicai Xu, Junye Zhang, Xiaoxin Wang, Zhenhua Li, Huilan Liu, Ruihong Song, Ziheng Yu und Jihua Wang. „RNA Detection Based on Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor“. Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2018 (03.06.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8146765.
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Graphene has attracted much attention in biosensing applications due to its unique properties. In this paper, the monolayer graphene was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Using the graphene as the electric channel, we have fabricated a graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET) biosensor that can be used for label-free detection of RNA. Compared with conventional method, the G-FET RNA biosensor can be run in low cost, be time-saving, and be miniaturized for RNA measurement. The sensors show high performance and achieve the RNA detection sensitivity as low as 0.1 fM, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the previously reports. Moreover, the G-FET biosensor can readily distinguish target RNA from noncomplementary RNA, showing high selectivity for RNA detection. The developed G-FET RNA biosensor with high sensitivity, fast analysis speed, and simple operation may provide a new feasible direction for RNA research and biosensing.
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FUCHS, WOLFGANG, MICHAEL DAUER, ULRICH HIRN, WOLFGANG BAUER und D. STEVEN KELLER. „Fast evaluation of spatial coating layer formation using ultraviolet scanner imaging“. August 2015 14, Nr. 8 (01.09.2015): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.8.527.
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Print quality demands are steadily growing. Several print quality problems are known to be closely related to coating layer uniformity (e.g., print or gloss mottle). This study evaluates the potential for using ultraviolet (UV) scanner imaging as a fast method for characterization of the spatial coating layer formation. The method measures the visual light response of the excited fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) in the coating color. UV scanner imaging was compared to two reference methods for determining the coating layer uniformity, the burnout test, and β-radiography. Within the study, a commercially produced lightweight coated paper, a laboratory coated commercial woodfree base paper, and laboratory coated handsheets were examined. Image analysis showed that UV scanner imaging indeed reveals the coating layer formation, especially for lower coat weights. Furthermore, the influence of varying amounts of FWA in the coating color and in the base paper on the measurement results was investigated. The results indicate that UV scanner imaging of coating layer uniformity works best for coat weights below 20 g/m² and moderate FWA concentrations in the coating color.
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Mertzimekis, T. J., und For the GANIL E535 Collaboration. „The Application of the High-Velocity Transient Field for the g(2^+_1) Measurement in the Neutron-rich 72Zn“. HNPS Proceedings 20 (01.12.2013): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2485.
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The first successful application of the recently developed High-Velocity Transient Field Technique (HVTF) on European soil was performed at GANIL. HVTF is an extension of the well established Transient Field (TF) technique, which utilizes immense hyperfine magnetic fields (10-100 kG) capable of inducing a spin precession of an excited nucleus. With the advent of radioactive beams, detailed explorations of such hyperfine fields have been carried out at larger-than-usual ion velocities in an effort to introduce the technique to large radioactive beam facilities. The neutron-rich radioactive 72Zn isotope is an ideal playground for HVTF. Coulomb excitation populated the 2^+_1 state in 72Zn nuclei, produced as fast secondary beams at GANIL and INFN-LNS, aiming to (a) calibrate the hyperfine field at these beam energies and (b) measure the g factor of 2^+_1 directly. The outcome of these experiments are reported and the application of the HVTF to magnetic-moment measurements are briefly described.
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Manabe, N., Y. Azuma, Y. Furuya, K. Kuramitsu, Y. Kuribayashi, N. Nagano und H. Miyamoto. „Immunohistochemical quantification of fast-myosin in frozen histological sections of goat limb muscles“. Animal Science 62, Nr. 2 (April 1996): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014648.
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AbstractFast-myosin in frozen histological sections of eight, 10, 11 and nine muscles of the upper forelimb, lower forelimb, upper hindlimb and lower hindlimb, respectively, of goats was quantified by an immunohistochemical micromethod based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The structure of the muscles is well preserved during the immunohistochemical measurement. High fast-myosin levels (more than 201 mg/g total protein) were observed in the triceps brachii (lateral head), rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius (lateral head) and long digital extensor muscles. In contrast, low fast-myosin levels (less than 50 mg/g) were found in the triceps brachii (medial head), superficial digital flexor, vastus intermedialis, and soleus muscles. Fast-myosin-positive fibres (type II or fast-twitch type) were distributed more in the superficial regions than in the deeper regions in the triceps brachii (lateral and long heads), biceps brachii, brachialis, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, semimembranosus and gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads) muscles. In contrast, type IIfibres were distributed more in the deeper regions than in the superficial regions in the extensor carpi radialis, deep digital flexor, cranial tibial, deep digital flexor and superficial digital flexor muscles. When the results obtained by the immunohistochemical micromethod were compared with those obtained by biochemical techniques and by histomorphometrical analyses, high correlations were noted. This technique could be used in research projects to study the muscle characteristics that determine meat quality.
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Xing, Li, Zhi Xiong, Jian-ye Liu, Wei Luo und Ya-zhou Yue. „Offline Calibration for MEMS Gyroscope G-sensitivity Error Coefficients Based on the Newton Iteration and Least Square Methods“. Journal of Navigation 71, Nr. 2 (11.10.2017): 352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000625.
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With the improvement of the bias instability of Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) gyroscopes, the g-sensitivity error is gradually becoming one of the more important factors that affects the dynamic accuracy of a MEMS gyroscope. Hence there is a need for correcting the g-sensitivity error. However, the traditional calibration of g-sensitivity error uses a centrifuge. The calibration conditions are harsh, the process is complex and the cost is relatively high. In this paper, a fast and simple method of g-sensitivity error calibration for MEMS gyroscopes is proposed. With respect to the bias and random noise of a MEMS gyroscope, the g-sensitivity error magnitude is relatively small and it is simultaneously coupled with the Earth's rotation rate. Therefore, in order to correct the g-sensitivity error, this work models the calibration for g-sensitivity error coefficients, designs an (8+N)-position calibration scheme, and then proposes a fitting method for g-sensitivity error coefficients based on the Newton iteration and least squares methods. Multi-group calibration experiments designed on a MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS IMU) product demonstrate that the proposed method can calibrate g-sensitivity error coefficients and correct the g-sensitivity error effectively and simply.
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Banerjee, Kaushik, Soma Dasgupta, Manjusha R. Jadhav, Dattatraya G. Naik, Axel Patrick Ligon, Dasharath P. Oulkar, Rahul H. Savant und Pandurang G. Adsule. „A Fast, Inexpensive, and Safe Method for Residue Analysis of Meptyldinocap in Different Fruits by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, Nr. 6 (01.11.2010): 1957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.6.1957.
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Abstract An analytical method is reported for residue analysis of the fungicide meptyldinocap in different fruit matrixes that involves extraction with ethyl acetate, hydrolysis of the residues with ethanolamine, and determination by LC/MS/MS. The method involves extraction of 10 g sample with 10 mL ethyl acetate; evaporation of the ethyl acetate phase to dryness, and subsequent hydrolysis of the residues to 4,6-dinitro-2-(1-methylheptyl) phenol on reaction with 1 ethanolamine. The pH of this hydrolyzed product was neutralized with formic acid and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. The hydrolysis reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the reaction product was spectroscopically confirmed as 2-(1-methylheptyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol. The method offered >80 recoveries at an LOQ of 10 ng/g for grape and mango, 25 ng/g for pomegranate with intralaboratory Horwitz ratio <0.5, and measurement uncertainties <10 at LOQ levels. Considering first-order rate kinetics, activation energy, enthalpy of activation, and entropy of activation varied as solvent > mango > grape > pomegranate. Free energy of activation at 298 K was higher than at 280 K and was similar for solvent and three matrixes at both temperatures.
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Knop, Inken, Stephan E. Bansmer, Valerian Hahn und Christiane Voigt. „Comparison of different droplet measurement techniques in the Braunschweig Icing Wind Tunnel“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, Nr. 2 (03.03.2021): 1761–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1761-2021.
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Abstract. The generation, transport and characterization of supercooled droplets in multiphase wind tunnel test facilities is of great importance for conducting icing experiments and to better understand cloud microphysical processes such as coalescence, ice nucleation, accretion and riming. To this end, a spray system has been developed, tested and calibrated in the Braunschweig Icing Wind Tunnel. Liquid droplets in the size range of 1 to 150 µm produced by pneumatic atomizers were accelerated to velocities between 10 and 40 m s−1 and supercooled to temperatures between 0 and −20 ∘C. Thereby, liquid water contents between 0.07 and 2.5 g m−3 were obtained in the test section. The wind tunnel conditions were stable and reproducible within 3 % standard variation for median volumetric diameter (MVD) and 7 % standard deviation for liquid water content (LWC). Different instruments were integrated in the icing wind tunnel measuring the particle size distribution (PSD), MVD and LWC. Phase Doppler interferometry (PDI), laser spectroscopy with a fast cloud droplet probe (FCDP) and shadowgraphy were systematically compared for present wind tunnel conditions. MVDs measured with the three instruments agreed within 15 % in the range between 8 and 35 µm and showed high coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.985 for FCDP and 0.799 for shadowgraphy with respect to PDI data. Between 35 and 56 µm MVD, the shadowgraphy data exhibit a low bias with respect to PDI. The instruments' trends and biases for selected droplet conditions are discussed. LWCs determined from mass flow calculations in the range of 0.07–1.5 g m−3 are compared to measurements of the bulk phase rotating cylinder technique (RCT) and the above-mentioned single-particle instruments. For RCT, agreement with the mass flow calculations of approximately 20 % in LWC was achieved. For PDI 84 % of measurement points with LWC<0.5 g m−3 agree with mass flow calculations within a range of ±0.1 g m−3. Using the different techniques, a comprehensive wind tunnel calibration for supercooled droplets was achieved, which is a prerequisite for providing well-characterized liquid cloud conditions for icing tests for aerospace, wind turbines and power networks.
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Li, Lin, Wei Zheng, Rongfei Zhao und Jinsong Cheng. „Hydrothermal Synthesis of MnV2O6 Nanorods as an Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries“. E3S Web of Conferences 299 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129901008.
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The MnV2O6 nanorods anode materials was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, MnCl2·2H2O and NH4VO3 as raw stuffs. The MnV2O6 nanorods anode materials were tested by SEM, XRD, and galvanostatic charge/discharge profile measurement. Time-dependent experiments were designed to examine the morphology evolution of the MnV2O6 nanorods anode materials. As an anode material, the MnV2O6 nanorods showed the good discharge capacity (403 mAh g−1 of 100th). The good electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect with Mn and V elements, and fast lithium ion diffusion of the 1D nanorods structure.
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Weigel, Ralf, Peter Spichtinger, Christoph Mahnke, Marcus Klingebiel, Armin Afchine, Andreas Petzold, Martina Krämer et al. „Thermodynamic correction of particle concentrations measured by underwing probes on fast-flying aircraft“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, Nr. 10 (20.10.2016): 5135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5135-2016.
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Abstract. Particle concentration measurements with underwing probes on aircraft are impacted by air compression upstream of the instrument body as a function of flight velocity. In particular, for fast-flying aircraft the necessity arises to account for compression of the air sample volume. Hence, a correction procedure is needed to invert measured particle number concentrations to ambient conditions that is commonly applicable to different instruments to gain comparable results. In the compression region where the detection of particles occurs (i.e. under factual measurement conditions), pressure and temperature of the air sample are increased compared to ambient (undisturbed) conditions in certain distance away from the aircraft. Conventional procedures for scaling the measured number densities to ambient conditions presume that the air volume probed per time interval is determined by the aircraft speed (true air speed, TAS). However, particle imaging instruments equipped with pitot tubes measuring the probe air speed (PAS) of each underwing probe reveal PAS values systematically below those of the TAS. We conclude that the deviation between PAS and TAS is mainly caused by the compression of the probed air sample. From measurements during two missions in 2014 with the German Gulfstream G-550 (HALO – High Altitude LOng range) research aircraft we develop a procedure to correct the measured particle concentration to ambient conditions using a thermodynamic approach. With the provided equation, the corresponding concentration correction factor ξ is applicable to the high-frequency measurements of the underwing probes, each of which is equipped with its own air speed sensor (e.g. a pitot tube). ξ values of 1 to 0.85 are calculated for air speeds (i.e. TAS) between 60 and 250 m s−1. For different instruments at individual wing position the calculated ξ values exhibit strong consistency, which allows for a parameterisation of ξ as a function of TAS for the current HALO underwing probe configuration. The ability of cloud particles to adopt changes of air speed between ambient and measurement conditions depends on the cloud particles' inertia as a function of particle size (diameter Dp). The suggested inertia correction factor μ (Dp) for liquid cloud drops ranges between 1 (for Dp < 70 µm) and 0.8 (for 100 µm < Dp < 225 µm) but it needs to be applied carefully with respect to the particles' phase and nature. The correction of measured concentration by both factors, ξ and μ (Dp), yields higher ambient particle concentration by about 10–25 % compared to conventional procedures – an improvement which can be considered as significant for many research applications. The calculated ξ values are specifically related to the considered HALO underwing probe arrangement and may differ for other aircraft. Moreover, suggested corrections may not cover all impacts originating from high flight velocities and from interferences between the instruments and e.g. the aircraft wings and/or fuselage. Consequently, it is important that PAS (as a function of TAS) is individually measured by each probe deployed underneath the wings of a fast-flying aircraft.
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Gajek, M., A. Rapacz-Kmita, M. Dudek und J. Partyka. „Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fast – Fired Clinker Tiles Based on Wierzbka I Raw Material“. Advances in Materials Science 16, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2016-0002.
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Abstract The article presents results of research on microstructural and mechanical properties of floor tiles clinker manufactured on the basis of Wierzbka I raw material, which is part of the deposit Wierzbka, near Suchedniów. Wierzbka I clay was added in various volume fractions to the standard tile compositions used in industrial practice. The samples were pressed in a range of from 21 MPa to 42 MPa and fired in the laboratory furnace at 1130°C to 1190°C. Selected compositions were pressed at 28 MPa and fired in a standard industrial environment. The process of firing was conducted in an industrial kiln at temperature of 1160°C for 38 minutes, with holding for 4 minutes at maximum operating temperature. The samples, which were prepared in the laboratory and industrial conditions were evaluated for the effect of addition of the Wierzbka I clay on their microstructural and mechanical properties based on the measurement results of linear shrinkage, bulk density, open porosity, water absorption and flexural strength (Ϭ) of the tiles. Microstructural changes were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the tested tiles were characterized by a high degree of sintering, an apparent density of 2.5 g/cm3, an open porosity and water absorption below 0.5%. The measurement results of mechanical bending strength showed that the tested samples had a high strength of 50 MPa.
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Siddhu, Anupa, Sudha Sud, R. L. Bijlani, M. G. Karmarkar und Usha Nayar. „Modulation of postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia by cellulose in mixed nutrient combinations“. British Journal of Nutrition 62, Nr. 1 (Juli 1989): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890013.
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The present study was designed to examine the effect of cellulose (CL) on postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia when ingested with glucose (G), casein (CS) and maize oil (CO) in various combinations. The study was conducted on five healthy male volunteers, on each of whom five meal tolerance tests were performed. The meals were isoenergetic and consisted of G; G and CL; G, CS and CL; G, CO and CL; G, CS, CO and CL. The meals were administered after an overnight fast. In addition to a fasting venous blood sample, blood was collected 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 h after ingestion for measurement of serum glucose and insulin levels. The glycaemic response to G+CS+CL and G+CS+CO+CL was significantly lower, while the insulinaemic response to G+CL was significantly higher than that to G. Addition of CL to G did not alter the glycaemic response, but accentuated the insulinaemic response. Further addition of CS in isoenergetic meals attenuated the glycaemic response, which may be because of a reduction in the amount of G in the meals. Like CS, CL also seemed to have an insulinotropic effect. The mechanism of the insulinotropic effect of CL cannot be deduced from the present study, but it is possible that like G, CL also stimulates gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) secretion from the duodenum, which in turn stimulates insulin secretion.
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Haselgrove, John, James Moore, Zhiyue Wang, Elfrides Traipe und Larissa Bilaniuk. „A method for fast multislice T1 measurement: Feasibility studies on phantoms, young children, and children with canavan's disease“. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 11, Nr. 4 (April 2000): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(200004)11:4<360::aid-jmri3>3.0.co;2-g.
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Hanson, N. Q., und E. F. Freier. „Nephelometric assay of apolipoprotein A-I with a centrifugal analyzer.“ Clinical Chemistry 32, Nr. 11 (01.11.1986): 2090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.11.2090.
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Abstract We developed an automated immunonephelometric assay for quantification of human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) with a fluorescence light-scattering microcentrifugal analyzer. The presence of polyethylene glycol and Tween 20 in the reaction mixture ensures maximum exposure of the antigenic sites of the apoprotein so that immune complex formation occurs more rapidly (reaction is complete within 2 min) and to a greater extent. Lipemia and hemolysis do not interfere with the measurement of apo A-I. The method requires only 10 microL of specimen and is fast and easy to perform. Results vary linearly with apo A-I concentrations to 2.5 g/L. Assay precision (CV) was 3.1% for a specimen with an apo A-I concentration of 1.45 g/L, and the lower limit of detection was 0.15 g/L. Values for a candidate Reference Material agree well with those reported in an international survey (Clin Chem 1985;30:223-8).
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Lambert, Michael I., Janet A. Hefer, Robert P. Millar und Peter W. Macfarlane. „Failure of Commercial Oral Amino Acid Supplements to Increase Serum Growth Hormone Concentrations in Male Body-Builders“. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 3, Nr. 3 (September 1993): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.3.3.298.
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Amino acids are commonly ingested as ergogenic aids in the belief that they enhance protein synthesis and stimulate growth hormone release. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect that amino acid supplements have on serum growth hormone (GH) concentration. Seven male bodybuilders reported to the laboratory on four occasions after an 8-hr fast and ingested, in random order, either a placebo, a 2.4-g arginine/lysine supplement, a 1.85-g ornithine/tyrosine supplement, or a 20-g BovrilR drink. Blood was collected before each treatment and again every 30 minutes for 3 hours for the measurement of serum GH concentration. On a separate occasion, subjects had an intravenous infusion of 0.5 fig GH-releasing hormone-kg ' body weight to confirm that GH secretory response was normal. The main finding was that serum GH concentrations were not altered consistently in healthy young males following the ingestion of the amino acid supplements in the quantities recommended by the manufacturers.
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Carnevale, Claudio, Elena De Angelis, Giovanna Finzi, Enrico Turrini und Marialuisa Volta. „Application of Data Fusion Techniques to Improve Air Quality Forecast: A Case Study in the Northern Italy“. Atmosphere 11, Nr. 3 (29.02.2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030244.
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Deterministic air quality forecasting models play a key role for regional and local authorities, being key tools to ensure that timely information about actual or near future exceedances of pollutant threshold values are provided to the public, as stated by the EU directive (2008/50/EC). One of the main problems of these models is that they usually underestimate some important pollutants, like PM10, especially in high-concentration areas. For this reason, the forecast of critical episodes (i.e., exceedance of 50 μ g/m 3 for PM10 concentration daily threshold) has low accuracy. To overcome this issue, several computationally fast techniques have been implemented in the last decade. In this work, two computational fast techniques are introduced, implemented and evaluated. The techniques are based on the off-line correction of the chemical transport model output in the forecasting window, estimated by means of the measurement data up to the beginning of the forecast. In particular, the techniques are based on the estimation of the correction performed as a linear combination of the corrections computed for the days when the measurements are available. The resulting system has been applied to the Lombardy region case (Northern Italy) for daily PM10 forecasting with good results.
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Catak, Muammer, und Burhan Pektaş. „Identification of a harmonically varying external source in wave equation from Neumann-type boundary measurement“. Journal of Inverse and Ill-posed Problems 28, Nr. 6 (01.12.2020): 815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jiip-2019-0100.
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AbstractIn this paper, the identification problem of recovering the spatial source {F\in L^{2}(0,l)} in the wave equation {u_{tt}=u_{xx}+F(x)\cos(\omega t)}, with harmonically varying external source {F(x)\cos(\omega t)} and with the homogeneous boundary {u(0,t)=u(l,t)=0}, {t\in(0,T)}, and initial {u(x,0)=u_{t}(x,0)=0}, {x\in(0,l)}, conditions, is studied. As a measurement output {g(t)}, the Neumann-type boundary measurement {g(t):=u_{x}(0,t)}, {t\in(0,T)}, at the left boundary {x=0} is used. It is assumed that the observation {g\in L^{2}(0,T)} may has a random noise. We propose combination of the boundary control for PDEs, adjoint method and Tikhonov regularization, for identification of the unknown source {F\in L^{2}(0,l)}. Our approach based on weak solution theory of PDEs and, as a result, allows use of nonsmooth input/output data. Introducing the input-output operator {\Phi F:=u_{x}(0,t;F)}, {\Phi:L^{2}(0,l)\mapsto L^{2}(0,T)}, where {u(x,t;F)} is the solution of the wave equation with above homogeneous boundary and initial conditions, we first prove the compactness of this operator. This allows to obtain the uniqueness of regularized solution of the identification problem, i.e. the minimum of the regularized cost functional {J_{\alpha}(F):=J(F)+\frac{1}{2}\alpha\|F\|_{L^{2}(0,l)}^{2}}, where {J(F)=\frac{1}{2}\|u_{x}(0,\cdot\,;F)-g\|_{L^{2}(0,T)}^{2}}. Then the adjoint problem approach is used to derive a formula for the Fréchet gradient of the cost functional {J(F)}. Use of the gradient formula in the conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA) allows to construct a fast algorithm for recovering the unknown source {F(x)}. A comprehensive set of benchmark numerical examples, with up to 10 noise level random noisy data, illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Yang, Hai Qing, und Gang Lv. „Determination of Pear Leaf Nitrogen Content Based on Multi-Spectral Imaging Technology and Multivariate Calibration“. Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (Februar 2011): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.718.
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Fast determination of mineral nutrition contents of fruit trees is essential for orchard precision fertilizing management. A multi-spectral imaging system was developed and tested for the measurement of leaf nitrogen content of fruit trees in the study. Images taken using this system included visible images(R-G-B) and near-infrared image(NIR). These images were further processed into several indices such as RVI, NDVI, GNDVI, -log(R) and –log(G). Total 185 leaf samples were picked from Huang-hua pear trees which were planted in three orchards with different nitrogen fertilizing levels. Among them, 135 samples were randomly sorted out as calibration set with the remaining 50 as prediction set. A SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was used for nitrogen reference measurement. In calibration modeling, leaf front and back faces were photographed respectively. Calibration models were developed based on single variant as well as multiple variants. The result shows that calibration models based on leaf front face are better than those based on leaf back face. Among others, R and G are the most important factors for nitrogen determination with less contribution of B and NIR. Based on the images of leaf front face, R, G, RVI, NDVI, GNDVI, -log(R) and –log(G) were found significantly correlated with nitrogen content with correlation coefficients of prediction (r_pre^2) of 0.7516, 0.7396, 0.7332, 0.7220, 0.7588, 0.7598 and 0.7379 respectively. The linear combinations of R-G-B-NIR, RVI-NDVI-GNDVI and NDVI-GNDVI achieved better prediction accuracy with r_pre^2 of 0.8157, 0.7775 and 0.7661 respectively. To further improve the prediction accuracy, a three-layer BP-ANN was developed with the three combinations as its input data. The result shows that BP-ANN has an excellent performance to predict nitrogen contents. BP-ANN with the input of R-G-B-NIR performs best with r_pre^2 of 0.9386 and maximum error of 3.52(SPAD). The study suggests that multi-spectral imaging system integrated with prediction model of BP-ANN with original reflectance intensity of R-G-B-NIR channels as its input data is promising for in situ measurement of nitrogen content of fruit tree.
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Peng, Tao, Zhijiang Zhang, Yingjie Song, Fansheng Chen und Dan Zeng. „Portable System for Box Volume Measurement Based on Line-Structured Light Vision and Deep Learning“. Sensors 19, Nr. 18 (11.09.2019): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183921.
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Portable box volume measurement has always been a popular issue in the intelligent logistic industry. This work presents a portable system for box volume measurement that is based on line-structured light vision and deep learning. This system consists of a novel 2 × 2 laser line grid projector, a sensor, and software modules, with which only two laser-modulated images of boxes are required for volume measurement. For laser-modulated images, a novel end-to-end deep learning model is proposed by using an improved holistically nested edge detection network to extract edges. Furthermore, an automatic one-step calibration method for the line-structured light projector is designed for fast calibration. The experimental results show that the measuring range of our proposed system is 100–1800 mm, with errors less than ±5.0 mm. Theoretical analysis indicates that within the measuring range of the system, the measurement uncertainty of the measuring device is ±0.52 mm to ±4.0 mm, which is consistent with the experimental results. The device size is 140 mm × 35 mm × 35 mm and the weight is 110 g, thus the system is suitable for portable automatic box volume measurement.
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Alamsyah, Eka Mulya, Yoyo Suhaya, Sutrisno, Yayat Hidayat, Takashi Tanaka und Masaaki Yamada. „Investigation of the adhesion performance of some fast-growing wood species based on their wettability“. Open Agriculture 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2021-0013.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesion performance of eight fast-growing wood species, namely, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Paraserianthes falcataria, Shorea sp., Toona sinensis, Gmelina arborea, Pinus merkusii, Acacia mangium, and Acacia hybrid obtained from the tropical region. The wettability test was conducted by contact angle measurement, while the adhesion performance was expressed by strength retention (SR) and wood failure (WF) percentages through block shear tested under the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS). Results showed that smaller contact angle for P. falcataria followed by E. cyclocarpum, P. merkusii, T. sinensis, and Shorea indicated that the surfaces were easier to be glued than that of G. arborea, A. mangium, and A. hybrid. It is indicated that high wettability of P. falcataria, E. cyclocarpum, P. merkusii, T. sinensis, and Shorea resulted in the better adhesive spread and more intimate contact between the wood surface and the adhesive as shown by their high SR with high WF percentages.
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Uitterdijk, André, Stefan Sneep, Richard W. B. van Duin, Ilona Krabbendam-Peters, Charlotte Gorsse-Bakker, Dirk J. Duncker, Willem J. van der Giessen und Heleen M. M. van Beusekom. „Serial measurement of hFABP and high-sensitivity troponin I post-PCI in STEMI: how fast and accurate can myocardial infarct size and no-reflow be predicted?“ American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305, Nr. 7 (01.10.2013): H1104—H1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00447.2013.
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The objective of this study was to compare heart-specific fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) and high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) via serial measurements to identify early time points to accurately quantify infarct size and no-reflow in a preclinical swine model of ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Myocardial necrosis, usually confirmed by hsTnI or TnT, takes several hours of ischemia before plasma levels rise in the absence of reperfusion. We evaluated the fast marker hFABP compared with hsTnI to estimate infarct size and no-reflow upon reperfused (2 h occlusion) and nonreperfused (8 h occlusion) STEMI in swine. In STEMI ( n = 4) and STEMI + reperfusion ( n = 8) induced in swine, serial blood samples were taken for hFABP and hsTnI and compared with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and thioflavin-S staining for infarct size and no-reflow at the time of euthanasia. hFABP increased faster than hsTnI upon occlusion (82 ± 29 vs. 180 ± 73 min, P < 0.05) and increased immediately upon reperfusion while hsTnI release was delayed 16 ± 3 min ( P < 0.05). Peak hFABP and hsTnI reperfusion values were reached at 30 ± 5 and 139 ± 21 min, respectively ( P < 0.05). Infarct size (containing 84 ± 0.6% no-reflow) correlated well with area under the curve for hFABP ( r2 = 0.92) but less for hsTnI ( r2 = 0.53). At 50 and 60 min reperfusion, hFABP correlated best with infarct size ( r2 = 0.94 and 0.93) and no-reflow ( r2 = 0.96 and 0.94) and showed high sensitivity for myocardial necrosis (2.3 ± 0.6 and 0.4 ± 0.6 g). hFABP rises faster and correlates better with infarct size and no-reflow than hsTnI in STEMI + reperfusion when measured early after reperfusion. The highest sensitivity detecting myocardial necrosis, 0.4 ± 0.6 g at 60 min postreperfusion, provides an accurate and early measurement of infarct size and no-reflow.
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Weigel, R., P. Spichtinger, C. Mahnke, M. Klingebiel, A. Afchine, A. Petzold, M. Krämer et al. „Thermodynamic correction of particle concentrations measured by underwing probes on fast flying aircraft“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, Nr. 12 (18.12.2015): 13423–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-13423-2015.
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Abstract. Particle concentration measurements with underwing probes on aircraft are impacted by air compression upstream of the instrument body as a function of flight velocity. In particular for fast-flying aircraft the necessity arises to account for compression of the air sample volume. Hence, a correction procedure is needed to invert measured particle number concentrations to ambient conditions that is commonly applicable for different instruments to gain comparable results. In the compression region where the detection of particles occurs (i.e. under factual measurement conditions), pressure and temperature of the air sample are increased compared to ambient (undisturbed) conditions in certain distance away from the aircraft. Conventional procedures for scaling the measured number densities to ambient conditions presume that the particle penetration speed through the instruments' detection area equals the aircraft speed (True Air Speed, TAS). However, particle imaging instruments equipped with pitot-tubes measuring the Probe Air Speed (PAS) of each underwing probe reveal PAS values systematically below those of the TAS. We conclude that the deviation between PAS and TAS is mainly caused by the compression of the probed air sample. From measurements during two missions in 2014 with the German Gulfstream G-550 (HALO – High Altitude LOng range) research aircraft we develop a procedure to correct the measured particle concentration to ambient conditions using a thermodynamic approach. With the provided equation the corresponding concentration correction factor ξ is applicable to the high frequency measurements of each underwing probe which is equipped with its own air speed sensor (e.g. a pitot-tube). ξ-values of 1 to 0.85 are calculated for air speeds (i.e. TAS) between 60 and 260 m s−1. From HALO data it is found that ξ does not significantly vary between the different deployed instruments. Thus, for the current HALO underwing probe configuration a parameterisation of ξ as a function of TAS is provided for instances if PAS measurements are lacking. The ξ-correction yields higher ambient particle concentration by about 15–25 % compared to conventional procedures – an improvement which can be considered as significant for many research applications. The calculated ξ-values are specifically related to the considered HALO underwing probe arrangement and may differ for other aircraft or instrument geometries. Moreover, the ξ-correction may not cover all impacts originating from high flight velocities and from interferences between the instruments and, e.g., the aircraft wings and/or fuselage. Consequently, it is important that PAS (as a function of TAS) is individually measured by each probe deployed underneath the wings of a fast-flying aircraft.
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Ventura-Gayete, Josep F., Eva Ródenas-Torralba, Ángel Morales-Rubio, Salvador Garrigues und Miguel De La Guardia. „A Multicommutated Flow System for Determination of Bismuth in Milk Shakes by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Incorporating On-Line Neutralization of Waste Effluent“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, Nr. 5 (01.12.2004): 1252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.5.1252.
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Abstract A highly sensitive method was developed for determination of bismuth in milk shakes by multicommutation hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) based on off-line sonication for 10 min with aqua regia 8% (v/v) and on-line waste treatment. The instrumentation and chemistry variables were studied in order to provide the best performance. The limit of detection in the original samples, established for a probability level of 99.6% (k = 3), was 1.67 ng/g Bi. The method provides a fast alternative in control analysis with a sampling throughput of 72 h as compared with 31 h obtained by the classical continuous measurement. Additionally, multicommutation reduces waste generation by a factor of 2.6. The consumption of sample, reductant, and blank, as compared with continuous mode HG-AFS, was reduced 9.6, 4.5, and 13.3 times, respectively. To confirm the accuracy of the method, recovery studies were performed, and excellent agreement between multicommutation and continuous measurement-based values was obtained. Application of the developed methodology for bismuth determination in milk shake samples from the Spanish market provided concentrations ranging from 4.2 to 15.0 ng/mL, and good comparability with data obtained by continuous measurements after microwave-assisted total digestion of samples for a 95% probability level and 12 degrees of freedom was found.
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Reischl, Martin, Karin Stana-Kleinschek und Volker Ribitsch. „Adsorption of Surfactants on Polymer Surfaces Investigated with a Novel Zeta-Potential Measurement System“. Materials Science Forum 514-516 (Mai 2006): 1374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1374.
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The determination of electrokinetic properties such as the zeta-potential of polymer samples with classical methods is laborious and time-consuming. For this reasons, a reliable, fast, and easy to use measurement system based on streaming potential measurement was developed. In this novel measurement system, streaming potential is created by an oscillating flow of a small amount of electrolyte solution through the sample media. In addition, this setup allows direct titration and therefore time-resolved monitoring of changes in zeta-potential in a seconds timescale. With this instrument, the concentration- as well as the time-dependent adsorption behaviour of various non-ionic, anionic and cationic surfactants on a novel, regenerated cellulosic polymer was investigated. This new cellulose-based, fibrous textile polymer is permanently cationised, not only at the surface but throughout the whole fibre. The results show that even very low concentrations of surfactant, due to its charge and chemical composition, highly influence the surface charge of the polymer in a large range. Furthermore, the results for this new textile material are compared with other textile fibres, e. g. wool.
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Stremplewski, Patrycjusz, Maciej Nowakowski, Dawid Borycki und Maciej Wojtkowski. „Fast method of speckle suppression for reflection phase microscopy“. Photonics Letters of Poland 10, Nr. 4 (31.12.2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i4.850.
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Light propagating in turbid medium is randomly altered by optical inhomogeneities, which not only change the momentum and polarization of light but also generate a speckle pattern. All these effects strongly limit capabilities of laser based, quantitative phase–sensitive optical biomedical imaging modalities by hindering a reconstruction of phase distribution. Here we introduce the method of rapid incident light modulation, which allows to suppress speckle noise and preserve the spatial phase distribution. We implement this approach in the full-field Michelson interferometer, where the incident light is modulated using the digitalmicromirror device (DMD). Full Text: PDF ReferencesF. Zernike, "Phase contrast, a new method for the microscopic observation of transparent objects part II," Physica 9, 974-986 (1942). CrossRef M. C. Pitter, C. W. See, and M. G. Somekh, "Full-field heterodyne interference microscope with spatially incoherent illumination," Opt. Lett. 29, 1200-1202 (2004). CrossRef N. B. E. Sawyer, S. P. Morgan, M. G. Somekh, C. W. See, X. F. Cao, B. Y. Shekunov, and E. Astrakharchik, "Wide field amplitude and phase confocal microscope with parallel phase stepping," Review of Scientific Instruments 72, 3793-3801 (2001). CrossRef G. W. John and I. H. Keith, "A diffuser-based optical sectioning fluorescence microscope," Measurement Science and Technology 24, 125404 (2013). CrossRef S. Lowenthal and D. Joyeux, "Speckle Removal by a Slowly Moving Diffuser Associated with a Motionless Diffuser," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 847-851 (1971). CrossRef S. Kubota and J. W. Goodman, "Very efficient speckle contrast reduction realized by moving diffuser device," Applied Optics 49, 4385-4391 (2010). CrossRef Y. Li, H. Lee, and E. Wolf, "The effect of a moving diffuser on a random electromagnetic beam," Journal of Modern Optics 52, 791-796 (2005). CrossRef C.-Y. Chen, W.-C. Su, C.-H. Lin, M.-D. Ke, Q.-L. Deng, and K.-Y. Chiu, "Reduction of speckles and distortion in projection system by using a rotating diffuser," Optical Review 19, 440-443 (2012). CrossRef J. Lehtolahti, M. Kuittinen, J. Turunen, and J. Tervo, "Coherence modulation by deterministic rotating diffusers," Opt. Express 23, 10453-10466 (2015). CrossRef J.-W. Pan and C.-H. Shih, "Speckle reduction and maintaining contrast in a LASER pico-projector using a vibrating symmetric diffuser," Opt. Express 22, 6464-6477 (2014). CrossRef J. I. Trisnadi, "Hadamard speckle contrast reduction," Optics Letters 29, 11-13 (2004). CrossRef M. Szkulmowski, I. Gorczynska, D. Szlag, M. Sylwestrzak, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, "Efficient reduction of speckle noise in Optical Coherence Tomography," Opt. Express 20, 1337-1359 (2012). CrossRef J. W. Goodman, Speckle phenomena in optics: theory and applications (Roberts and Company Publishers, 2006). DirectLink Y. Choi, P. Hosseini, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, P. T. C. So, and Z. Yaqoob, "Dynamic speckle illumination wide-field reflection phase microscopy," Opt. Lett. 39, 6062-6065 (2014). CrossRef Y. Choi, T. D. Yang, K. J. Lee, and W. Choi, "Full-field and single-shot quantitative phase microscopy using dynamic speckle illumination," Opt. Lett. 36, 2465-2467 (2011). CrossRef R. Zhou, D. Jin, P. Hosseini, V. R. Singh, Y.-h. Kim, C. Kuang, R. R. Dasari, Z. Yaqoob, and P. T. C. So, "Modeling the depth-sectioning effect in reflection-mode dynamic speckle-field interferometric microscopy," Optics Express 25, 130-143 (2017). CrossRef M. Schmitz, T. Rothe, and A. Kienle, "Evaluation of a spectrally resolved scattering microscope," Biomedical optics express 2, 2665-2678 (2011). CrossRef P. Judy, The line spread function and modulation transfer function of a computer tomography scanner, Med. Phys (1976), Vol. 3, pp. 233-236. CrossRef
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Lan, Zhi Qiang, Shu Bo Li, Zhao Lu und Jin Guo. „Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg76Ti12Ni12-xCrX(x=0,3,6,9) Alloys by Mechanical Alloying“. Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (Oktober 2010): 1146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1146.
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Mg76Ti12Ni12-xCrx(x=0,3,6,9) alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying(MA) approach and hydrogen storage properties of the alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and pressure-composition isotherm measurement. It is found that Ti2Ni phase and Mg2Ni phase exist as the main phases in Mg76Ti12Ni12-xCrx(x=0,3,6,9) alloys. The Mg76Ti12Ni12-xCrx(x=0,3,6,9) alloys exhibit the hydrogen storage capacity of 4.61,4.30,4.21 and 4.12wt%, and the decomposition enthalpies of the alloy hydrides are 928.4, 898.3, 831.2 and 851.4J/g H2, respectively. Mg76Ti12Ni6Cr6 alloy shows small hysteresis and fast hydrogen absorption rate. Proper Cr content can improve the performance of the Mg76Ti12Ni12-xCrx(x =0,3,6,9) alloys.
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Kruteva, Margarita. „Dynamics studied by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS)“. Adsorption 27, Nr. 5 (02.02.2021): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-020-00295-4.
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AbstractQuasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) allows measurement of the molecular displacements in time and space, from pico- to tens of nanoseconds and from Ångstroms to nanometers, respectively. The method probes dynamics from fast vibrational modes down to slow diffusive motion. Every scattering experiment leads to a dynamic structure factor $$S\left( {\vec Q,\omega } \right)$$ S Q → , ω or its spatial and temporal Fourier transform (van Hove correlation function $$G\left( {\vec r,t} \right)$$ G r → , t ). This shows exactly where the atoms are and how they move. In this manuscript the basics of the QENS method are presented and a few examples highlighting the potentials of QENS are given: (i) diffusion of liquids and gases in nano- and mesoporous materials; (ii) hydrogen dynamics in a high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) and (iii) influence of the surface interactions on polymer dynamics in nanopores.
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Emmerich, K., A. Steudel, R. Schuhmann, P. G. Weidler, F. Ruf und U. Sohling. „Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of a natural bleaching earth containing sepiolite suitable for fast filtration and bioseparation“. Clay Minerals 45, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2010): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2010.045.4.477.
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AbstractA clay from the Mediterranean area classified as natural bleaching earth was comprehensively characterized and the quantitative phase content was determined. Morphology and surface characteristics were determined by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and nitrogen adsorption. The BET surface area was >200 m2 g–1 and the average mesopore diameter was >10 nm. Thus the clay is suitable for bioseparation of larger proteins. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), cation exchange capacity (CEC), layer charge measurement and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) were used for mineralogical characterization. Determination of the phase content by Rietveld analysis was possible only after Sr2+ saturation, while Rietveld analysis of XRD patterns from Na+-saturated clay resulted in a strong overestimation of the amorphous content and masking of the sepiolite. The clay consists of sepiolite, dioctahedral smectite with high layer charge and low stack height, X-ray amorphous matter (probably mainly SiO2) and accessory feldspars.
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BERNIE, JEAN-PHILIPPE, JULIE TALBOT und HARSHAD PANDE. „A new technique for the measurement of show-through mottle of fine paper“. TAPPI Journal 18, Nr. 9 (01.10.2019): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj18.9.570.
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Mottling within print-through and show-through is caused by the variability of the local optical properties of the sheet. This mottling is visually disturbing and a mark of poor paper quality. The ability to predict print-through mottle of printed paper by measuring show-through mottle on the unprinted sheet would be a valuable asset for paper machine control. We examined the relationship between print-through mottle and show-through mottle. We worked with nine samples of 60 lb. uncoated fine paper (90 g/m2), from various North American paper companies, that were printed on an offset press, 400K (400% Black), on both sides. A show-through mottle instrumental determination technique was developed using an existing Fast Fourier Transform-based algorithm. The nine samples examined were ranked similarly by the visual evaluation of print-through mottle and by the instrumental determination of show-through mottle. We thus established that show-through on the unprinted sheet can be used as a reliable predictor of print-through, therefore saving time and money for papermakers. We also found a significant two-sidedness in show-through for some of the samples.
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Hartley, C. J., L. H. Michael und M. L. Entman. „Noninvasive measurement of ascending aortic blood velocity in mice“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, Nr. 1 (01.01.1995): H499—H505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.1.h499.
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Mice are useful models in numerous research protocols, but monitoring cardiovascular parameters in small animals is difficult. Therefore we evaluated the use of 20-MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound to measure ascending aortic blood velocity in intact anesthetized mice. Using a 0.5-mm-diameter 20-MHz transducer applied to the right sternal border, we recorded audio Doppler signals from the ascending aorta of 31 mice [24.4 +/- 1.5 (SD) g body wt]. The signals were played back at speed into a fast Fourier transform analyzer from which we measured heart rate (453 +/- 96 beats/min), ejection time (38 +/- 3%), peak velocity (90 +/- 11 cm/s), mean velocity (23 +/- 4 cm/s), rise time (7.3 +/- 2 ms), stroke distance (29 +/- 7 mm), and acceleration (163 +/- 63 m/s2) from the spectral envelopes. We determined aortic diameter (1.2 +/- 0.2 mm) and Doppler angle (0–20 degrees) in six mice by molding the aortic root and major systemic vessels with casting resin infused at 100 mmHg pressure. For an aortic diameter of 1.2 mm, cardiac output was estimated to be 14.8 ml/min and stroke volume to be 33 microliters. To verify the origin of the signals and to test responsiveness to known stimuli, we measured velocity signals from the aorta and other nearby vessels and varied heart rate and aortic velocity by warming or by infusion of isoproterenol in three open-chest animals. For the noninvasive applications, acoustic coupling was adequate through the moistened fur, and aortic velocity signals were obtained in all animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Shi, W., P. Royen, A. M. Derkatch, M. Larsson, J. Lidberg und S. Mannervik. „First Measurement of the Weak (0, 4) Band in the B2Σ+u–X2Σ+g System of 14N+2 by Collinear Fast-Ion-Beam Laser Spectroscopy“. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 199, Nr. 2 (Februar 2000): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1999.8010.
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Kim, G. B., S. Choi, F. A. Danevich, A. Fleischmann, C. S. Kang, H. J. Kim, S. R. Kim et al. „A CaMoO4Crystal Low Temperature Detector for the AMoRE Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search“. Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/817530.
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We report the development of a CaMoO4crystal low temperature detector for the AMoRE neutrinoless double beta decay(0νββ)search experiment. The prototype detector cell was composed of a 216 g CaMoO4crystal and a metallic magnetic calorimeter. An overground measurement demonstrated FWHM resolution of 6–11 keV for full absorption gamma peaks. Pulse shape discrimination was clearly demonstrated in the phonon signals, and 7.6 σof discrimination power was found for theαandβ/γseparation. The phonon signals showed rise-times of about 1 ms. It is expected that the relatively fast rise-time will increase the rejection efficiency of two-neutrino double beta decay pile-up events which can be one of the major background sources in0νββsearches.
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Binnerts, W. T., H. A. Das und T. C. Viets. „Liver selenium analysis in cows with a fast method of neutron activation reveals deficiency areas in the Netherlands“. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 41, Nr. 1 (01.03.1993): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v41i1.633.
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A total of 230, 100-g freeze-dried liver samples from the caudal lobe of cows from 13 slaughterhouses in the Netherlands were analysed by irradiating with neutrons in a high flux generator for 5 s followed by measurement of the short-lived isotope 77mSe in a rigid time sequence, under fully automated conditions. Liver Se ranged from 0.16 to 1.82 mg/kg DM and did not appear to relate to geography. 3% of the livers contained Se less than 0.25 mg/kg DM, which is considered critical for development of Se deficiency. Another 20% with less than 0.4 mg/kg DM was considered borderline Se deficiency. There was no evidence of Se toxicity. Liver Se positively correlated with liver copper, which may be obtained via feed, but not with liver zinc. It was concluded that animals at risk to Se deficiency are those not fed on concentrates, particularly heifers suffering from retained placentas at delivery. The feeding of Se fortified feeds is recommended.
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Huang, Jiayun, Liwei Yang, Jiqin Zhang und Hao Hu. „Granular Fertilizer Mass Flow Measurement and Vehicle Experiments Based on Microwave Doppler Method“. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, Nr. 1 (2021): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14013.
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HighlightsA microwave Doppler-based fertilizer mass flow measurement system was developed.The measurement system was applied in vehicle experiments.Power spectra of mass flow signal and vibration signal were obtained and analyzed.Interference suppression algorithm based on CA-CFAR reduced vibration interference.Fertilizer mass flow measurement accuracy was improved by interference suppression.Abstract. The fertilizer mass flow measurement system is typically installed on the fertilizer applicator. However, vehicle vibrations are inevitable during field operation of fertilizing equipment, and can interfere with mass flow signals, thereby affecting the accuracy of mass flow measurements. In this article, a mass flow measurement system based on the microwave Doppler method was introduced. The dominant frequency (fdot) related to fertilizer velocity and the power spectral density (PSD) related to fertilizer concentration were obtained from the Doppler signal of the granular fertilizer processed using fast Fourier transform. The product of fdot and PSD is defined as the sensor output value (SOV). The relationship between SOV, PSD, and fertilizer mass flow (FMF) was studied under vehicle conditions. The linear regression models of 22-8-10 (MOP) high-nitrogen poly-?-glutamic acid fertilizer were established using the least squares method, and the vibration signals were measured. Based on analysis of the power spectra of the mass flow and vibration signals, an interference suppression algorithm based on cell average constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) was presented to reduce vibration interference. To verify the performance of the novel vibration interference reduction algorithm, vehicle experiments were conducted at different tractor velocities. The results show that mass flow measurements ranged from 1300 to 3000 g min-1. It was found that using only the PSD related to concentration for flow measurement gave better measurement accuracy compared with SOV, and relative errors of the system were within 8.1%. Correlation between the PSD and FMF improved with interference suppression algorithm based on CA-CFAR. The determination coefficient increased from 0.01 to 0.92, 0.97 to 0.99, and 0.96 to 0.98 at three different tractor velocities, respectively. From the results, it was evident that the algorithm effectively eliminated vibration interference signals in vehicle conditions. In future work, the conditions of the soil will be considered and the performance of the mass flow measurement system will be tested in the field. Keywords: Fertilizer mass flow, Microwave Doppler radar, Tractor vibration, Vehicle experiment, Vibration interference suppression.
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Uematsu, Yoko, Mami Ogimoto, Junichirou Kabashima, Kumi Suzuki und Kouichi Ito. „Fast Cleanup Method for the Analysis of Sudan IIV and Para Red in Various Foods and Paprika Color (Oleoresin) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection: Focus on Removal of Fat and Oil as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Prepared by Transesterification of Acylglycerols“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, Nr. 2 (01.03.2007): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.2.437.
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Abstract A fast and effective cleanup method was developed for the analysis of Sudan I, II, III, IV, and Para Red (Sudan dyes) in various foods and paprika color (oleoresin) by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) with a diode array detector (DAD). Removal of fat or oil in fatty sample was a critical point for reducing the volume of the final sample solution in order to obtain a sufficient level of the analytes. Separation of fat or oil from the dyes with a silica gel solid-phase extraction (SPE) column seemed unfeasible, because elution profiles of oil, fat, and the dyes were similar. Finally, fat and oil were separated from the dyes by elution from the SPE column with n-hexane, not as intact compounds but as fatty acid methyl esters prepared by direct transesterification of acylglycerols in fat and oil, leaving the dyes on the column. The dyes were eluted with n-hexanediethyl ether (9 + 1). Gradient elution with water and tetrahydrofuran was used for separation on a C18 column by LC. Measurement of spectral of μ0.5 g/g of Sudan dyes in foods and 1 μg/g in paprika color (oleoresin) with the DAD was achieved.