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de Goey, Heleen, Per Hilletofth und Lars Eriksson. „Design-driven innovation: Making meaning for whom?“ Design Journal 20, sup1 (28.07.2017): S479—S491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2017.1352998.
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Battistella, Cinzia, Gianluca Biotto und Alberto F. De Toni. „From design driven innovation to meaning strategy“. Management Decision 50, Nr. 4 (27.04.2012): 718–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251741211220390.
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Lottersberger, Anna. „Design Driven Innovation for Textile Industry“. Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.730.
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This paper outlines a different perspective to look at research and product development in textile design. The aim is to provide a strategic model and specific tools for starting a Design Driven Innovation process into a textile company, in order to achieve radical meaning innovations. This studio is typically exploratory, because of the contemporary of the issue and the fewness of references connecting Design-oriented theories, and specifically Design Driven Innovation, to textile manufacturing field. The objective of the work is to suggest prepositions and tools for the textile sector to be consequently validated with the collaborating industrial partners.
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Knudsen, Line Sand, und Louise Møller Haase. „The construction of meaning in design-driven projects: a paradox initiated process“. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation 7, Nr. 3 (27.07.2018): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650349.2018.1501281.
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Baha, Ehsan, Taresh Ghei und Anne Kranzbuhler. „MITIGATING COMPANY ADOPTION BARRIERS OF DESIGN-DRIVEN INNOVATION WITH HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN“. Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27.07.2021): 2097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.471.
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AbstractIn Design-Driven Innovation (D-DI) the meaning of a product or service is radically innovated to introduce a new paradigm that ideally can benefit people, companies, and society as a whole. However, due to the associated risks, most companies are hesitant to engage with and adopt D-DI. Human Centered Design (HCD) is preferred while innovation is limited to incremental change. This dichotomy is also reflected in design literature where D-DI is pitted against HCD. We propose the symbiosis of the two approaches as a strategy to create space for and the adoption of D-DI within companies. An instrumental design case study explores a design-driven service innovation and its adoption in a renowned airline. Results show an adopted D-DI where HCD evidence mitigates for the market and organization uncertainty while D-DI enabled a paradigm shift in the company’s current service operation. Advantages and limitations of this mitigation strategy are discussed. With this design precedent, we aim to encourage designers and companies to further explore the benefits of a symbiotic use of D-DI and HCD.
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De Kock, Pieter Marthinus. „Buildings, Faces, Songs of Alienation: How Interiority Transforms the Meaning Out There“. Interiority 3, Nr. 1 (24.01.2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/in.v3i1.68.
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This paper presents a theoretical framework that explores visual meaning in the design and use of interior space. It is comprised of three main parts. The first outlines the framework and draws on several key theories. The second introduces three very different constructs as case studies that in#uence (or are a product of) spatial quality, namely: buildings, faces, and songs of alienation. The third part is a discussion about how each of these three constructs are linked to each other as well as to the idea of interiority. While architectural forms are containers of meaning, the way in which interior space is curated is driven by deeper meaning–one that transcends form and function because people ultimately produce the meaning. And because each person is different, the conditions of interiority (in this case, the meaning that resides within each person) drives the meaning of external constructs that act as enclosures of meaning (buildings and their interiors). The findings are that the mind and body can be projected beyond the facade and into the spaces contained in the buildings we occupy. The role of technology is also important because changes in technology help mediate the process of linking the meaning inside with the meaning out there.
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Boik, John C. „Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part I: Worldview“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 17 (24.08.2020): 6881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176881.
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Humanity faces serious social and environmental problems, including climate change and biodiversity loss. Increasingly, scientists, global policy experts, and the general public conclude that incremental approaches to reduce risk are insufficient and transformative change is needed across all sectors of society. However, the meaning of transformation is still unsettled in the literature, as is the proper role of science in fostering it. This paper is the first in a three-part series that adds to the discussion by proposing a novel science-driven research-and-development program aimed at societal transformation. More than a proposal, it offers a perspective and conceptual framework from which societal transformation might be approached. As part of this, it advances a formal mechanics with which to model and understand self-organizing societies of individuals. While acknowledging the necessity of reform to existing societal systems (e.g., governance, economic, and financial systems), the focus of the series is on transformation understood as systems change or systems migration—the de novo development of and migration to new societal systems. The series provides definitions, aims, reasoning, worldview, and a theory of change, and discusses fitness metrics and design principles for new systems. This first paper proposes a worldview, built using ideas from evolutionary biology, complex systems science, cognitive sciences, and information theory, which is intended to serve as the foundation for the R&D program. Subsequent papers in the series build on the worldview to address fitness metrics, system design, and other topics.
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Nicolescu, Razvan, Michael Huth, Petar Radanliev und David De Roure. „Mapping the Values of IoT“. Journal of Information Technology 33, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2018): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41265-018-0054-1.
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We investigate the emerging meanings of “value” associated with the Internet of Things. Given the current political economy, we argue that the multiple meanings of “value” cannot be reduced to a single domain or discipline, but rather they are invariably articulated at the juxtaposition of three domains: social, economic, and technical. We analyse each of these domains and present domain challenges and cross-domain implications – drawing from an interdisciplinary literature review and gap analysis across sources from academia, business, and governments. We propose a functional model that aggregates these findings into a value-driven logic of the emerging global political economy enabled by digital technology in general and IoT in particular. These conceptual contributions highlight the critical need for an interdisciplinary understanding of the meaning of “value”, so that IoT services and products will create and sustain such concurrent meanings during their entire lifecycle, from design to consumption and retirement or recycling.
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Faerm, Steven. „Evolving ‘places’: The paradigmatic shift in the role of the fashion designer“. Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 8, Nr. 4 (01.10.2021): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00099_1.
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This study examines the concept of ‘place’ in the design process and the evolving role of the fashion designer. The contemporary fashion marketplace has reached unprecedented levels of abundance. This is altering society’s relationship with design. Consumers’ basic needs are being over-met and have moved well beyond the material realm; consumers are increasingly driven by their search for meaning and emotional fulfilment through design. The result of this process is the altering of their perception of design ‘value’ from the tangible to the intangible. While the traditional values of aesthetics and function remain essential components to design, a product’s ability to deliver ‘emotional value’ to the user must increasingly become the focus for designers. To succeed, a designer must shift his/her sense of ‘place’ ‐ namely, the figurative ‘place’ from which he/she designs. Rather than creating fashion from myopic, personal biases, future designers must enter the ‘place’ of the design process by rigorously researching their consumers’ psychographics and emotional needs to ‘design emotion’. The new role of the fashion designer ‐ the ‘Designer-As-Social-Scientist’ ‐ takes a much broader view of the consumers’ needs. The evolution of the ‘place’ of the design process will result in products having greater meaning and emotional value; designers standing out in the oversaturated market; and businesses increasing consumer loyalty and resultant sales by offering only those products that are truly desired by their target audience.
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Dos Santos Martins, Rui Helder. „Sustainable Development Requires an Integrated Design Discipline to Address Unique Problems“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, Nr. 1 (21.02.2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i1.179.
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Sustainable development has taken centre stage in our global conscience. Until recently, wehave been focused on economic prosperity, driven by the mechanistic worldviewof the scientific method. Once the cracks appeared, as a society, we have beenlooking for a deeper meaning and approach to life. Through a literature review,the paper proposes that current ‘experts’, using the engineering profession asan example, are not able to address the wicked problems confronting us, sincethey prevail within the reductionist mode of knowledge production. We needdesign thinkers - who are natural systemic practitioners -to solve systemicproblems, which is characterised by sustainable development.A futuresecond paper will draw on the behaviour of non-linear, complex adaptive systemsas self-organising emergence at the edge of chaos and re-interpret the designthinking process in a way which encompasses the intuitive, non-linear andqualitative way in which sustainable development problems need to be addressed.
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Dos Santos Martins, Rui Helder. „Sustainable Development Requires an Integrated Design Discipline to Address Unique Problems“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, Nr. 1 (21.02.2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss1pp28-35.
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Sustainable development has taken centre stage in our global conscience. Until recently, wehave been focused on economic prosperity, driven by the mechanistic worldviewof the scientific method. Once the cracks appeared, as a society, we have beenlooking for a deeper meaning and approach to life. Through a literature review,the paper proposes that current ‘experts’, using the engineering profession asan example, are not able to address the wicked problems confronting us, sincethey prevail within the reductionist mode of knowledge production. We needdesign thinkers - who are natural systemic practitioners -to solve systemicproblems, which is characterised by sustainable development.A futuresecond paper will draw on the behaviour of non-linear, complex adaptive systemsas self-organising emergence at the edge of chaos and re-interpret the designthinking process in a way which encompasses the intuitive, non-linear andqualitative way in which sustainable development problems need to be addressed.
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Dresner, T. L., und K. W. Buffinton. „Definition of Pressure and Transmission Angles Applicable to Multi-Input Mechanisms“. Journal of Mechanical Design 113, Nr. 4 (01.12.1991): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912810.
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Pressure angle is an important measure of the effectiveness with which a force is transmitted between a cam and follower. A pressure angle of zero degrees indicates that the force is transmitted with maximum effectiveness while a 90 deg pressure angle indicates that the force cannot make the desired contribution to the follower motion. There are a number of definitions available in the literature that can be used to determine pressure angle. These definitions are all consistent with the meaning of pressure angle described above when applied to followers driven by only a single cam. For followers driven by multiple inputs, however, we have found that none of these definitions provides a value of pressure angle that retains this same meaning. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this fact and to present a precise definition of pressure angle, as well as a discussion of its mathematical consequences, that property characterizes the performance of either single-input or multi-input cam-follower mechanisms. For single-input systems, this definition is shown to be equivalent to the definitions for pressure angle found in the literature. The applicability of this definition to the determination of transmission angle for linkages with multiple inputs is also discussed.
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Robinson, J. D., J. B. Holland, M. J. D. Hayes und R. G. Langlois. „VELOCITY-LEVEL KINEMATICS OF THE ATLAS SPHERICAL ORIENTING DEVICE USING OMNI-WHEELS“. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 29, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2005-0046.
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Using a novel actuation concept employing omni-directional wheels (or simply omni-wheels), the Atlas simulator motion platform provides unlimited angular displacement about any axis. The Atlas concept completely decouples the orienting and positioning degrees-of-freedom and further decouples each of the positioning degrees-of-freedom. It consists of an omni-wheel driven sphere for orientation that has its geometric centre positioned by an $XYZ$-table. The Jacobian of the orienting device is independent of time and dependent only on the mechanism architecture, meaning that it is always invertible for any configuration provided that the initial design parameters do not result in architecture singularities. An examination of the Atlas Jacobian and its determinant identifies architecture singular design conditions. It is found that these are not design limiting. Discussion highlights the uniqueness of the Atlas concept and its associated kinematic advantages.
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Heinrich, William F., und Patrick M. Green. „Remixing Approaches to Experiential Learning, Design, and Assessment“. Journal of Experiential Education 43, Nr. 2 (22.04.2020): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053825920915608.
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Background: Experiential learning approaches applied in classrooms are often disconnected from theory and loosely connected in classroom practice. Given critiques of experiential learning, there is a significant need for process learning theory with a practice-driven model. Scholars have only begun to explore the enhanced learning that often emerges from educative experiences designed with the fullness of experiential learning theory—designing with context, meaning-making, and assessment equal to the learning. Purpose: Through the lens of scholar-practitioner reflective inquiry, we propose a remixed approach to designing experiential learning. By shifting approaches to experiential education (EE), experiential educators benefit from planning with intentional design, instruction, learning, and assessment. Methodology/Approach: We chose to interrogate our practice and conduct a methodological investigation to explore our questions through a blend of qualitative approaches, including collaborative and narrative inquiry, scholarly personal narrative, and transpersonal research. We explore approaches to process theory of learning and other influences on experiential learning. Findings/Conclusions: A shift in approaches in experiential education will benefit educators and students, specifically by attending to holistic design, instruction, assessment, and learning with context in mind. We remix familiar components of known theories to highlight a unique experiential teaching and learning mind-set. Implications: We commence with a discussion of the remixed framework of the Design–Instruction–Assessment–Learning (DIAL) model that promotes high-quality experiences for learners and instructors.
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Wegener, Konrad, und Atsushi Matsubara. „Special Issue on Advanced Material Driven Design of Machine Tools“. International Journal of Automation Technology 14, Nr. 2 (05.03.2020): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0261.
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The design of machine tools strongly depends on the materials chosen. Increasing requirements on machine tools require the joint optimization of material and design and thus also drive the development of new materials in this field. Digital technologies finally creating a digital shadow of the machine in development also enable the required co-development taking into consideration dynamic, thermal and long term influences and behavior, enabling state and health monitoring to increase the performance of the machine tool to the maximum possible. The choice of material for the different components of machine tools is today even more difficult than ever. The recent review paper by Möhring et al. [1] sheds light on the vast field of properties and decision opportunities of combining materials at hand with design features. In former times, cast iron was the predominant material for machine bodies and has left its footprints on the design of machine tool bodies lasting still up to now. Because massive machine bodies have been the wealth of good properties, high accuracy, stiffness, good material damping properties have been attributed to cast iron design, then with increasing strength requirements higher strength cast irons came into fashion having much less material damping and finally lead to welded frames. Today requirements of dynamics and thermal behavior change the scene again. The goal is to achieve high productivity with high accuracy, which typically is a contradiction. But increasing dynamics requires distinguishing between moving bodies and their non-moving counterparts, and opens the floor for multimaterial design. For moving parts, which have to move with high dynamics meaning, high speed, high acceleration, high jerk, light weight design prevailed with the utilization of standard materials. Because manufacturability plays a major role, the bionic structures have to be degraded to thin walled rib structures as demonstrated in Fig. 1, while in future additive manufacturing will remove that restriction and enable some real bionic structures. Furthermore material choice has a huge impact on inertia savings which opens the door for CFRP, which becomes especially interesting, when the anisotropy of this material is exploited as shown in Fig. 2. From the manufacturability truss structures then result shown in Fig. 3. For the nonmoving elements, the base body, cast iron, welded steel, polymer cast, and concrete are typical materials chosen. Also aluminium structures are discussed despite the fact that aluminium has only one third of the stiffness of steel, but it offers much better thermal conductivity equalizing temperature differences faster and thus reduces the warp of the structure, which typically causes larger errors than an isotropic thermal expansion. For the choice of materials no generalizable guideline exists. The question which material is the better choice is not answerable in generality, because design follows material, which means that a sound comparison requires completely new design approaches for the different materials, where the difference between metal and polymer concrete or CFRP is really large, offering different potentials. As an example, a design of a fast moving bridge of a gantry machine might be considered. The guiding of a support on this bridge with roller guidings imposes severe problems to the design due to the material mix and different thermal expansion coefficients. Thus the choice of CFRP for the bridge necessarily must be followed up by a decision of the guiding principle, where in this case aerostatic bearings were considered as the most promising possibility. Also the potentials for function integration into the material are of major interest for the material choice, as this is easily possible for low temperature castings like for mineral cast, CFRP, or concrete. This integration of functionalities actually is a fairly new approach and relates again the machine body design to inspiration from biology, as for instance trees or leaves are from the point of view of materials weaker than our technical materials, but have a fine integration of functionalities as transmittance of information and nourriture. Sensor integration opens the field for “feeling machines” also inspired from biology, which enables the machine to detect its embedding environment and react accordingly. Cheap and miniaturized sensors are on the other side the developments that enable this approach of machine design. In the age of compensation, Industrie 4.0 and biological transformation, this functional integration will have a huge impact on material choice. Also in terms of thermal issues in machine tools, the material choice plays a major role, as thermal elongation is a physical property which is influenced by material choice. A much larger influence comes from design as indicated already above. With growing importance of compensation besides sensor integration, especially the thermal linearity and reproducibility are of crucial importance, which makes multi material design a non-trivial design task. The discussion on the superiority of thermally fast reacting machines or thermally slow reacting machines has not come to an end yet. Problematic are machines composed of components that react fast and those that react slow. A major step in that direction is the discovery of thermal resonances in [5], which shows that temperature change frequencies can depending on the machine design lead to higher or lower thermal displacements of the TCP and therefore need to be taken into account in the design phase and are significantly influenced by the choice of materials. Restrictions and influences are also coming from the process a machine tool has to enable. The material choice must take into account the influence of different media as for instance the metal working fluids as well as the debris like hot chips etc. The aforementioned discussion is mainly a discussion of main structural parts of machine tools. It must be pointed out that a machine tool is more than the sum of its structural elements, as also covers, which typically get forgotten in all academic discussion of behaviors of machine tools, but are significant for the influence of the environment on the machine tool. Also here the material choice plays a major role. Finally material choice to a large extent decides on the costs of a machine tool, but due to the huge amount of influence factors a sound fact based decision requires a nearly full design elaboration of various material choices and the summation of costs at the end of this process. This special issue with its various individual papers elucidates different aspects of the influence of materials on the design of machine tools without being capable of offering clear rules for material choice. ===danraku===1) Isolating material to exclude environmental influences on machine tools is proposed. ===danraku===2) A new guiding system with rollers and sliding guidings is proposed and the different materials for the sliding part are investigated. ===danraku===3) Gears from bamboo fibres are proposed and the manufacturability as well as their performance are discussed. The gears offer great advantages from the environmental point of view. ===danraku===4) CFRP for spindle shafts is evaluated and CFRP spindles are compared with steel spindles within the same geometric boundary conditions. The performance increase in compliance and thermal stability is significant. ===danraku===5) A topological optimization of a grinding machine tool structure is presented and showed drastically increased performance. The difficulty to transfer it to a mass producible machine tool structure is pointed out. ===danraku===6) A design of a CFRP ram for a high speed stamping press is presented and testing procedures to ensure the ability of the ram to withstand billions of impacts are designed and carried out. ===danraku===7) CFRP can beneficially applied for the cutting tool structure and besides enhancing dynamics in terms of mass and damping the material also is a valuable basis for smart tools. There are good arguments for each of the materials, which cover the whole scope of machine tool functionality: manufacturability, stiffness, strength, specific mass, thermal properties, function integrability, reproducibility, availability, environmental friendliness, and costs.
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Greene, Daniel, und Katie Shilton. „Platform privacies: Governance, collaboration, and the different meanings of “privacy” in iOS and Android development“. New Media & Society 20, Nr. 4 (27.04.2017): 1640–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444817702397.
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Mobile application design can have a tremendous impact on consumer privacy. But how do mobile developers learn what constitutes privacy? We analyze discussions about privacy on two major developer forums: one for iOS and one for Android. We find that the different platforms produce markedly different definitions of privacy. For iOS developers, Apple is a gatekeeper, controlling market access. The meaning of “privacy” shifts as developers try to interpret Apple’s policy guidance. For Android developers, Google is one data-collecting adversary among many. Privacy becomes a set of defensive features through which developers respond to a data-driven economy’s unequal distribution of power. By focusing on the development cultures arising from each platform, we highlight the power differentials inherent in “privacy by design” approaches, illustrating the role of platforms not only as intermediaries for privacy-sensitive content but also as regulators who help define what privacy is and how it works.
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Jha, Banhi. „Institutional resource centres and design education“. Library Review 65, Nr. 8/9 (07.11.2016): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-11-2015-0110.
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Purpose The physical environment of education is not contained within the classroom but extends to the library and archival resource centres in higher education institutes of design. The institutional resource centre (RC) includes textual and material repository sections which support institutional objectives by creating space and opportunity for interface between the learner and theoretical–practical aspects of the curriculum. This purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of the RC where the viewing of exhibits enhances the pedagogy of design education. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the participant observation method to construct a case study of the experiential learning process in an institutional setting. It analyses how students make use of specialized design-related resources in libraries and adapt their approach to learn with, from and about objects as cultural artefacts. Findings The institutional resource centre provides opportunities for haptic experiences in design education that may be unavailable within the classroom. Design students make their own connections between the objects and the embedded lifeworld of the creator-artisan to create personalized meaning. The resultant combination of cognition and emotional responses to the exhibits stimulates diverse learning trajectories. Originality/value The collections of displayed design objects in the institutional RC enable students to appreciate cultural history by developing the understanding of fashion, textile and handcrafting traditions in India, thus stimulating cognitive and sensory learning. This is a manifestation of constructivism with the potential for diverse learning trajectories for design students. Thus it acts as an adjunct to classroom teaching-learning by facilitating a multi-faceted and holistic learning experience driven by a spirit of enquiry that supplements and supports pedagogic practices, enabling and encouraging self-learning.
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Quinones-Gomez, Juan Carlos. „CREATIVITY FORWARD: A FRAMEWORK THAT INTEGRATES DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES TO FOSTER CREATIVITY WITHIN THE CREATIVE PROCESS IN USER EXPERIENCE CONTEXTS“. Creativity Studies 14, Nr. 1 (25.02.2021): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2021.12933.
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The latest technological advancements allow users to generate a large volume of data related to their experiences and needs. However, the absence of an advanced methodology that links the big data and the creative process prevents the effective use of the data and extracting all its potential and knowledge in this context, which is crucial in offering user-centred solutions. Incorporating data creatively and critically as design material can help us learn and understand user needs better. Therefore, design can bring deeper meaning to data, just as data can enhance design practice. Accordingly, this work raises a reflection on whether designers could appropriate the workflow of data science in order to integrate it into the research process in the creative process within a framework of user experience analysis. The proposed model: data-driven design model, enhances the exploratory design of problem space and assists in the creation of ideas during the conceptual design phase. In this way, this work offers an integrated vision, enhancing creativity in industrial design as an instrument for the achievement of the proper and necessary balance between intuition and reason, design, and science.
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Gawlik, Marytza A. „Shared sense-making: how charter school leaders ascribe meaning to accountability“. Journal of Educational Administration 53, Nr. 3 (05.05.2015): 393–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-08-2013-0092.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways in which charter school leaders influence the understanding and conception of accountability policy and how that understanding translates into practice. In particular, this paper draws from sense-making theory and research on charter school leaders to identify their pre-existing understandings, their shared interactions, and their interpretations of accountability policy as they relate to professional development and instructional practices. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses the qualitative case study approach to document the organizational processes of charter schools. Data for the study were collected in two elementary charter schools over the course of 18 months. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data because this method is compatible with the inductive, concept-building orientation of all qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two charter school leaders and twelve charter school teachers. In-depth interviews with the leaders were also conducted to gain a deeper understanding of sense-making. In addition pertinent staff meetings, professional development sessions, and informal interactions between charter leaders and teachers were observed. Findings – While the charter school leaders in this study were inclined to adopt approaches that reinforced their pre-existing understandings, they did so using interpretative frameworks that sought to enact policies they deemed most crucial at the school level. These frameworks included metaphors and modeling, both of which reflected the policy signals received from the institutional environment. The leaders’ use of metaphors and modeling incorporated accountability policy into messages that encouraged constructive instructional practices, including data-driven analysis, project-based learning, and technology use. Originality/value – This paper broadens discussions about charter school leaders and accountability in three ways. First, it explores how school leaders interpret and adapt policy signals. Second, it delineates the frameworks used by charter school leaders to identify and make sense of accountability policy. Finally, this paper highlights the ways in which charter school leaders influence the teachers in their school buildings through shared sense-making.
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Rosidin, Undang, Novi Haryanti, Haditya Aprita Lora und Viyanti Viyanti. „Reconstruct the Class Assessment Strategy: Promoting the 21st-Century Learning“. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 3, Nr. 1 (31.03.2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v3i1.6056.
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The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the class assessment to promote 21st-century learning. The meaning of reconstructing class assessment is the advanced assessment that can realize the purpose of 21st-century learning which is the ability of argumentation, critical, and creative thinking skills. The advanced assessment in this research used the model of Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI). This research is a quasi-experimental study that uses a pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. The research population is 12th-grade students of senior high school on Bandar Lampung. Based on data analysis, it was revealed that the classroom assessment strategy with continuous assessment using the ADI model can be used as a reference to be able to practice 21st-century life skills including argumentation, critical thinking, and creative skills.
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Kelley, Allyson, Dee BigFoot, Clayton Small, Tom Mexicancheyenne und Robbie Gondara. „Recommendations from an American Indian reservation community-based suicide prevention program“. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 8, Nr. 1 (16.03.2015): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-10-2013-0025.
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Purpose – Effective community-based suicide prevention strategies require culturally relevant contextually driven approaches, validated by community members. Existing literature, funding agencies, and polices do not adequately address the differences in community vs non-community definitions and approaches to suicide prevention. These differences and the process must be articulated to fully understand the complexities of effective American Indian community-based suicide prevention strategies. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a qualitative methodology to understand the process and meaning of an American Indian reservation's community-based approach to suicide prevention. Findings – Seven recommendations emerge. These include: expand the understanding of suicide; plan activities and outreach early; uphold cultural values; build administrative and community capacity; prepare and respond to community needs and situations; anticipate challenges and develop solutions; and recognize the spiritual aspects of the endeavor. Originality/value – This study provides new insight about the process in which American Indian communities define, develop and implement suicide prevention strategies that are culturally relevant and community driven. The process and recommendations may be useful for institutions, funding agencies, policy makers, and tribal leaders, and community-based prevention partners.
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Makrakis, Vassilios, und Nelly Kostoulas-Makrakis. „Course Curricular Design and Development of the M.Sc. Programme in the Field of Ict in Education for Sustainable Development“. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 14, Nr. 2 (01.12.2012): 5–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10099-012-0007-7.
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Abstract This paper presents the design and development of a virtual learning enviroment (VLE) for a M.Sc. programme on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education for sustainable development (ESD) driven by a learning paradigm that merges three theories of learning, namely: experiential learning, constructivist learning and transformative learning (ExCon- Tra) funded by the European Commission. Learning activities were designed to offer the chance for students to interact asynchronously and synchronously, negotiate meaning and reflect on their learning and viewpoints through collaborative problem solving. The ExConTra learning process is also based on an interdisciplinary approach addressing the four pillars (environment, society, culture and economy) of sustainable development and makes use of an online course design methodology that uses four phases: needs analysis, curriculum design, development and formative evaluation. The VLE that encompasses both the curriculum programme and the online platform with its tools and online technologies merges ICTs with ESD in three ways: a) providing opportunities to target groups for reflective practice; b) using open source ICT tools and ESD-related learning objects available in the Web and c) using ICTs to develop interactive, interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary ESD learning activities
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Lavorato-Neto, G., L. Rodrigues, E. Turato und C. J. G. Campos. „Spirituality meanings reported by Southeast Brazilian nursing staff at the psychiatric ward of a university general hospital: A clinical-qualitative study“. European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.685.
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IntroductionDespites nursing holistic trends for caring, in psychiatric wards of general hospitals the spiritual dimension remains controversy. Evidence shows spirituality rule in recovering and also alerts about complications associated to mental disorders and spirituality.AimTo describe spirituality meanings attributed by a psychiatric nursing team and discuss how they apply them on professional cares.MethodClinical-qualitative design is a particularization of generic qualitative strategies brought from humanities to approach symbolic research questions in clinical settings. A semi-directed interview with open-ended question, in-depth, was carried out with a team of 22 nursing professionals in the psychiatric ward of a general hospital in Southeast Brazil. Data analysis was driven under the Ricoeur understanding of Freudian symbolic meaning, which affirm that a statement revels multiple meanings overwritten.ResultsSpirituality is developed from several sources of restlessness and living together. The function of spirituality is to help fulfill social roles, keep internal balance and to maintain sacred practice attitudes towards life that brings symbolic salvation: help or redemption to hard life times. Nature of mental illness remains as spiritual stigma and a suspicion contradictorily to spiritual approach caring to patients in inpatients services, which is described, as inappropriate or confusable.ConclusionsEven spirituality meanings are covered by symbolism, which expresses human attitudes to help in life crises they are surrounded by contradictions that situate this dimension in the limit of reason, which approximates carriers and patients causing weirdness. Nursing staff still needs training to deliver holistic care, and spiritual counseling to gain clarity in this issue.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Myers-Coffman, Katherine, Felicity A. Baker, Brian P. Daly, Robert Palisano und Joke Bradt. „The Resilience Songwriting Program for Adolescent Bereavement: A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study“. Journal of Music Therapy 56, Nr. 4 (2019): 348–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thz011.
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Abstract Music therapy research with youth who are grieving often reports on a combination of interventions, such as lyric analysis, improvisation, and/or songwriting. Unfortunately, the lack of theoretical transparency in how and why these interventions affect targeted outcomes limits interpretation and application of this important research. In this exploratory study, the authors evaluated the impact of an 8-session, theory-driven group songwriting program on protective factors in adolescent bereavement, and also sought to better understand adolescents' experiences of the program. Using a single-group, pretest-posttest convergent mixed methods design, participants were enrolled from three study sites and included 10 adolescents (five girls and five boys), ages 11–17 years, who self-identified as grieving a loss. Outcomes measured included grief, coping, emotional expression, self-esteem, and meaning making. Qualitative data were captured through in-session journaling and semi-structured interviews. There were no statistically significant improvements for grief, self-esteem, coping, and meaning making. Individual score trends suggested improvements in grief. The majority of the participants reported greater inhibition of emotional expression, and this was statistically significant. Thematic findings revealed that the program offered adolescents a sense of togetherness, a way to safely express grief-related emotions and experiences verbally and nonverbally, and opportunities for strengthening music and coping skills. These findings suggest that engaging in collaborative therapeutic songwriting with grieving peers may decrease levels of grief, enhance creative expression, and provide social support. More research is needed on measuring self-esteem, emotional expression, coping, and meaning making outcomes in ways that are meaningful to adolescents.
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Johnston, Alan. „Motivation and the academic – where the drivers sit“. Journal of Management Development 35, Nr. 6 (11.07.2016): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-09-2015-0140.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key drivers for motivation within a small team of academics within a relatively small UK university. Design/methodology/approach – The research follows a combined interpretivist and ethnographic stance and using a mixed methods approach. Findings – The research identifies that fundamentally academics are driven by the desire for expertise and a search for meaning, while material reward and a need for power play a low significance in their forces. Also increase in managerialism has led to reductions in motivation. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides a limited focus due to the nature of being a small scale study. Practical implications – The paper considers the drivers which motivate academics. Managers and HR departments may consider approaches to managing and leading individuals to achieve improved organisational performance. Originality/value – The paper focuses on motivational drivers within the academy.
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Castro-Garcés, Angela Yicely. „Awakening Sociocultural Realities in Pre-service Teachers Through a Pedagogy of Multiliteracies“. GIST – Education and Learning Research Journal, Nr. 22 (23.06.2021): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.844.
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Language learning that is grounded on learners’ sociocultural realities promises to be a meaningful experience they are likely to treasure when it comes to grappling with practical day-to-day matters. This article reports on a research study aimed at fostering socioculturally constructed language learning in a group of pre-service English teachers. This is a qualitative case study, grounded in a social constructivist paradigm, which draws on a pedagogy of multiliteracies through the Knowledge Process and the Concept of Design (Cope & Kalantzis, 2009) to embrace diverse modes of communication and to expand learners’ possibilities of engagement with text and the social and cultural world around them. The findings indicate that while learners are provided with opportunities to explore, reflect and co-construct socioculturally driven knowledge, they are involved in a meaning-making experience that allows them to make sense of the language they are learning.
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Närvänen, Elina, und Christina Goulding. „Sociocultural brand revitalization“. European Journal of Marketing 50, Nr. 7/8 (11.07.2016): 1521–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2014-0328.
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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to build a sociocultural perspective of brand revitalization. Maintaining brands and bringing them back to life in the market has received much less interest than their creation. Moreover, the existing literature is dominated by the marketing management paradigm where the company’s role is emphasized. This paper addresses the phenomenon of brand revitalization from a sociocultural perspective and examines the role of consumer collectives in the process. Design/methodology/approach Using a data-driven approach, the study builds on the case of a consumer brand of footwear that has risen to unprecedented popularity without traditional marketing campaigns. Data were generated using an inductive theory building approach utilizing multiple methods, including interviews, participant observation and cultural materials. Findings The paper presents a conceptual model of cultural brand revitalization that has four stages: sleeping brand, spontaneous appropriation, diffusion and convergence. Practical implications Implications for companies in consumer markets are discussed, suggesting ways to facilitate the process of sociocultural brand revitalization. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature first by offering a sociocultural brand revitalization scenario that highlights the interplay between the actions of consumers and the company, second, by examining the interaction between the symbolic meanings associated with the brand and the practices used by consumers and, third, by offering insights into the relevance of national identity in creating brand meaning.
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Elliott, Charlene, und Kirsten Ellison. „Negotiating choice, deception and risk: teenagers’ perceptions of food safety“. British Food Journal 120, Nr. 12 (03.12.2018): 2748–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2018-0277.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the teenager perspectives of the meaning of food safety, and the implications of those meanings. Design/methodology/approach Five focus groups were conducted with students (aged 12–14) from Calgary, AB. Participants were asked what food safety means to them and probed about their views on the relationship between food safety and packaged foods. Grounded theorizing informed the analysis. Findings Food safety was described as located within the system, located within the individual and located within the edible. Key to these teenagers’ understanding of food safety is the theme of food deception – a deception promulgated by food producers, manufacturers and advertisers who lack transparency about what they are actually selling. Teenagers draw attention to the risks associated with living in an industrialized food environment, and to the tension between safety and the industry-driven motive to sell. Originality/value Individuals start to make independent decisions around food preparation and consumption as teenagers; as present and future consumers, it is valuable to learn their perspectives and knowledge about food safety. More importantly, food safety is not only simply a health-related issue but also a semantic one. This study moves beyond the knowledge deficit approach characterizing most research on the topic. Instead, it probes the range of meanings associated with food safety and how they are worked out, revealing that the teenagers’ construction of food as “risk objects” reveals different links to harm than the food safety interventions typically directed to them.
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Hu, Yi-ding, Rongrong Hou, Qi Xia und Yong Xia. „Temperature-induced displacement of supertall structures: A case study“. Advances in Structural Engineering 22, Nr. 4 (05.09.2018): 982–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218795288.
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For a supertall structure, the temperature effect is an important factor that must be considered during the design, construction, and performance assessment. In this article, temperature-induced displacement of the 600-m-high Canton Tower is studied by the data-driven approach based on the sufficient real measurement data obtained from the structural health monitoring system. A multiple linear regression model is employed to establish the quantitative relation between the displacement and temperature data at different facades and sections of the structure in different seasons. Results show that an ordinary linear regression model is able to fit the monitoring data well. However, the model fails to interpret the physical meaning of the model coefficients. A regularized linear regression model is then employed and validated to describe the temperature-induced displacement of the structure. The physical relationship between the temperature and displacement is provided. Finally, the model is also used to separate the temperature- and wind-induced displacement of the supertall structure.
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Gaus, Nurdiana, und David Hall. „Neoliberal governance in Indonesian universities: the impact upon academic identity“. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, Nr. 9/10 (08.09.2015): 666–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-12-2014-0120.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the under life of Indonesian academics during ongoing implementation of government-driven policy enacted in higher education instititutions in Indonesia. The attention was specifically focused on the new programme of accountability and quality assurance moderated by the implementation of online assessment system to monitor and evaluate the perfromance of lecturers directly and how this system impacted upon the meaning of academic identity perceived by them. Design/methodology/approach – This study was drawn from a qualitative research of case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect data and conducted with 30 academics from three state universities. Findings – This study revealed that academics were grappling to balance their schism between keeping their existing identity tenable and excercising new prescribed roles from external environment. However, academics were still able to practice their preceived identity through their principled personal project that legitimate them to become academics and pursue their success rather than use instrumental means. Practical implications – The results of this study will be expected to contribute to a better understanding on the dynamics of academics’ world as it is encountered against government-driven policy, and provide indications for policy makers to take into account this issue in the formulation and enactment of their policy. Originality/value – A new aspect of identity in academic profession was found, that is to say religion.
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Carillo, Kevin Daniel André. „Let’s stop trying to be “sexy” – preparing managers for the (big) data-driven business era“. Business Process Management Journal 23, Nr. 3 (05.06.2017): 598–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-09-2016-0188.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the inadequacies of current business education in the tackling of the educational challenges inherent to the advent of a data-driven business world. It presents an analysis of the implications of digitization and more specifically big data analytics (BDA) and data science (DS) on organizations with a special emphasis on decision-making processes and the function of managers. It argues that business schools and other educational institutions have well responded to the need to train future data scientists but have rather disregarded the question of effectively preparing future managers for the new data-driven business era. Design/methodology/approach The approach involves analysis and review of the literature. Findings The development of analytics skills shall not pertain to data scientists only, it must rather become an organizational cultural component shared among all employees and more specifically among decision makers: managers. In the data-driven business era, managers turn into manager-scientists who shall possess skills at the crossroad of data management, analytical/modeling techniques and tools, and business. However, the multidisciplinary nature of big data analytics and data science (BDADS) seems to collide with the dominant “functional silo design” that characterizes business schools. The scope and breadth of the radical digitally enabled change, the author are facing, may necessitate a global questioning about the nature and structure of business education. Research limitations/implications For the sake of transparency and clarity, academia and the industry must join forces to standardize the meaning of the terms surrounding big data. BDA/DS training programs, courses, and curricula shall be organized in such a way that students shall interact with an array of specialists providing them a broad enough picture of the big data landscape. The multidisciplinary nature of analytics and DS necessitates to revisit pedagogical models by developing experiential learning and implementing a spiral-shaped pedagogical approach. The attention of scholars is needed as there exists an array of unexplored research territories. This investigation will help bridge the gap between education and the industry. Practical implications The findings will help practitioners understand the educational challenges triggered by the advent of the data-driven business era. The implications will also help develop effective trainings and pedagogical strategies that are better suited to prepare future professionals for the new data-driven business world. Originality/value By demonstrating how the advent of a data-driven business era is impacting the function and role of managers, the paper initiates a debate revolving around the question about how business schools and higher education shall evolve to better tackle the educational challenges associated with BDADS training. Elements of response and recommendations are then provided.
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Fitriani, Yeyen Siti, Anda Juanda und Evi Roviati. „Internalization of Religious Values Using the Argument-Driven Inquiry Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills during the COVID-19 Pandemic“. Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi 11, Nr. 2 (30.12.2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/biosfer.v11i2.7338.
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This research aimed to describe students’ activities, the improvement differences of students' critical thinking skills, and explain students' responses toward the internalization of religious values using the Argument-Driven Inquiry model on reproductive system material at eleventh-grade students of MAN 1 Kuningan. The method used in this research was the quantitative method with the experimental pretest-posttest control group design. This research population was all eleventh-grade students of MAN 1 Kuningan, which consisted of eight classes, five science classes, and three social studies classes. The research sample was taken using a random sampling technique. This research sample was class XI IPA 1 as the experimental class (35 students) and XI IPA 3 as the control class (34 students). The data collection techniques employed were observation, tests, and questionnaires. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.25 software. The results obtained showed that the highest learning activity was at the data collection stage. There was an improvement in students’ critical thinking skills in the experimental class and the control class. The average N-Gain of the experimental class was 0.69, and the control class was 0.33. The sig statistical test results were 0.000 0.655, meaning that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, there was a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills between the experimental and control classes.
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Schmidt, Robert, und Andy Dainty. „The influence of practice culture on designed artefacts“. Architectural Research Quarterly 19, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2015): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000051.
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Design can be viewed as a complex and on-going social accomplishment, a product of everyday trajectories between a milieu of human and material registers. Seen in this way the design practice serves as an arena for these quotidian activities. We seek to construct a more dynamic picture of architecture by connecting process and product, supplementing a project narrative with one of practice, highlighting the context in which the outcome was created. We address the research question: how does practice culture become intertwined within the designed product?A research model emerged from the review of the literature and evolved as a loose framework to discuss the practices and projects at hand. The research focused on the particular design consideration of adaptability in an effort to direct and ground the study. The research was conducted in two stages –at first a set of interviews were conducted to gain broader insights into the everyday accounts of the practices and secondly, project case studies were selected to further investigate the topic.The narratives reveal the culture of each practice to stress a particular meaning in each context: for Make it is about a beautiful object; for ABA a piece of social infrastructure and; for CGL a business asset. Adaptability finds itself subdued, promoted, compromised and sold as part of the design process and the resultant architecture. Our contribution extends the argument that design is entangled within its socio-cultural surroundings and grounds the culture of practice in the designed artefacts - the way in which a practice handles decision-making contingencies, both endogenous and exogenous forces, will together shape a practice disposition towards design (adaptability). Design that is driven by a strong culture that embeds exogenous influences in the approach tends to provide more adaptable solutions as part of a quest to satisfy long-term, societal concerns.
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Long, Michael M. „Instructed second language acquisition (ISLA)“. Instructed Second Language Acquisition 1, Nr. 1 (04.07.2017): 7–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isla.33314.
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Definitions are proposed for instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) and ISLA research. The quantity of research is partly driven by external geopolitical forces, its quality improved by such methodological developments as the growing deployment of statistical meta-analyses, new technology, especially eyetracking, and new instrumentation, e.g. Hi-Lab, a measure of aptitudes for both explicit and implicit language learning. Three major constraints on the design of L2 instruction are that: (1) the learning task is too large for either explicit or implicit learning alone; (2) direct effects of instruction are limited to manipulations of the linguistic environment, with intended cognitive processes ultimately under learner control; and (3) development of implicit knowledge is the priority. Three learning conditions that speak to what can best be achieved through incidental and intentional language learning are illustrated by recent studies of (1) resetting L1 parameters and dealing with blocking, and (2) instance learning of lexical items and collocations. Comparisons of L2 learning under the three conditions can help resolve long-standing disagreements over the merits of codefocused and meaning-focused instructional approaches.
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Astrini, Wulan, E. B. Kurniawan und M. Abdillah. „The Characteristics of Mosque Architecture Based on Public Preferences in Malang City“. TATALOKA 22, Nr. 1 (31.01.2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.1.137-145.
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Mosque is an architectural work and public facility that serves as a worship place for Muslims. Mosque architectural elements include domes (roofs), mihrab, minaret, arch, and ornaments. Mosque architecture comprises of various elements, which adapt to the local culture where the mosque is located. As such, its presence also bears some impacts on the appearance of urban architecture. Malang city as one of the major cities in East Java has numerous rapidly developing mosque architectures, including Jami’ Great Mosque of Malang, Sabilillah Mosque, Nurul Muttaqin Mosque, Ahmad Yani Mosque, and Manarul Huda Mosque. The meaning of architectural work is also closely related to the perception of humans who observe it. The public preference for the architectural characteristics of mosques in Malang city is a manifestation of architectural work. Conjoined analysis is employed as method operative to analyze public preference. This study aims to find out the architectural characteristics of mosques in Malang city according to public preferences. The findings can serve as a recommendation for the development of mosque architectural designs in Malang city, especially those possessing locality values. The architectural characteristics of mosques in Malang city which are driven by the public preferences ranging from the highest to the lowest, which is why mosques generally have calligraphy ornaments, circular arch, pentagon-shaped minaret, Indo-Persian dome, and two-minaret design.
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Cox, Nigel, Amanda Clayson und Lucy Webb. „A safe place to reflect on the meaning of recovery: a recovery community co-productive approach using multimedia interviewing technology“. Drugs and Alcohol Today 16, Nr. 1 (07.03.2016): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-08-2015-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop further the understanding of co-productive methodological practice for substance use research by demonstrating the use of a mobile, multimedia interviewing aid by members of a UK recovery community. Design/methodology/approach – A co-productive approach to data collection was piloted using a bespoke, audio-visual booth located in a range of recovery and community-focused social events. Audio-visual data were collaboratively selected, curated and analysed by recovery community partners and researchers. Findings – Findings illustrate how a mobile audio-visual booth can be used successfully within co-productive research. This approach facilitated a better understanding of the experiences and practices of self-reflection within the recovery community as they worked together to create a meaningful recovery largely independent of conventional recovery services. Research limitations/implications – This research was performed with one cohort of co-production members. However, the co-productive nature of the enquiry and the rich data this provided invites the making of cautious but firmer claims with regard to the transferability of this approach to similar recovery contexts. Social implications – Co-productive approaches confer a meaningful impact upon members of the recovery community, and wider understanding of this approach will promote an impact upon others engaging in recovery, supporting growth of a practice-based and theoretically underpinned evidence base. Originality/value – This study highlights use of digital technologies within co-productive community-based methodologies, reducing reliance upon academic expertise, and facilitating participant leadership in research. The analysis also signposts new areas for scholarly discussion in the area of co-productive, community-driven research.
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Paczynski, Martin, Ray Jackendoff und Gina Kuperberg. „When Events Change Their Nature: The Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Aspectual Coercion“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, Nr. 9 (September 2014): 1905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00638.
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The verb “pounce” describes a single, near-instantaneous event. Yet, we easily understand that, “For several minutes the cat pounced…” describes a situation in which multiple pounces occurred, although this interpretation is not overtly specified by the sentence's syntactic structure or by any of its individual words—a phenomenon known as “aspectual coercion.” Previous psycholinguistic studies have reported processing costs in association with aspectual coercion, but the neurocognitive mechanisms giving rise to these costs remain contentious. Additionally, there is some controversy about whether readers commit to a full interpretation of the event when the aspectual information becomes available, or whether they leave it temporarily underspecified until later in the sentence. Using ERPs, we addressed these questions in a design that fully crossed context type (punctive, durative, frequentative) with verb type (punctive, durative). We found a late, sustained negativity to punctive verbs in durative contexts, but not in frequentative (e.g., explicitly iterative) contexts. This effect was distinct from the N400 in both its time course and scalp distribution, suggesting that it reflected a different underlying neurocognitive mechanism. We also found that ERPs to durative verbs were unaffected by context type. Together, our results provide strong evidence that neural activity associated with aspectual coercion is driven by the engagement of a morphosyntactically unrealized semantic operator rather than by violations of real-world knowledge, more general shifts in event representation, or event iterativity itself. More generally, our results add to a growing body of evidence that a set of late-onset sustained negativities reflect elaborative semantic processing that goes beyond simply combining the meaning of individual words with syntactic structure to arrive at a final representation of meaning.
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Seo, Kyung Wook, und Sugie Lee. „Oxcart Route in the City: Tracking the Urbanization Process of an Agricultural Village in Korea“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 7 (11.04.2019): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072153.
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In this research, we traced the process of urbanization of a small agricultural village in Korea through the massive construction of housing estates and the modern street network in the late 20th century. Whereas the existing literature tends to adopt a data-driven macroscopic approach to analyze periurban transformation, we concentrated on the morphological transition of old rural roads in a small village to provide a microscopic interpretation of how they are obliterated, fragmented, or preserved in relation to land types and the acquisition process. Through a careful investigation of various maps and archives, we found that the woodland was the main target for development. In contrast, clustered residential plots were the most enduring feature that resisted change, entailing that their internal route remained intact. To determine the potential benefit of an irregular old route within the modern block, network analysis was executed to measure its performance. The route was shown to provide efficient movement in the current system, especially within the scale of the old village. The preservation of old spatial legacy, therefore, helps assign historical, social, and practical meaning to the design a sustainable modern city.
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Raudszus, Henriette, Eliane Segers und Ludo Verhoeven. „Use of morphological and contextual cues in children’s lexical inferencing in L1 and L2“. Reading and Writing 34, Nr. 6 (27.01.2021): 1513–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-021-10122-z.
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AbstractIn an experimental design, we investigated how fifth-grade readers use morphological and contextual information to infer the meaning of unknown words, and to what extent this is related to their cognitive and linguistic skills. A group of 166 fifth-grade Dutch children (59 L1, 107 L2) performed a lexical inferencing task in which the availability of morphological and contextual information was manipulated. Readers used both morphological and contextual information in lexical inferencing. Good decoding skill was related to more use of morphological information. Reading comprehension skill was associated with the use of morphological and contextual cues. L1 and L2 readers did not differ with respect to the use of morphological information. L2 readers used contextual information less in their inferences than L1 readers did. This difference was driven by L2 readers with weak vocabulary. The use of contextual information was especially high in L1 readers with good reading comprehension skills, and especially low in L2 readers with low vocabulary. Results indicate that to access morphological information, decoding is crucial, whereas for contextual inferencing, a minimum of linguistic competence is needed, which makes it more challenging for L2 readers.
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Boudesseul, Jordane, Oulmann Zerhouni und Laurent Bègue. „How Risk Signaling Influences Binge Drinking Impression Formation: An Evolutionary Experimental Approach“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 11 (28.05.2021): 5803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115803.
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Background. Evolutionary theory-driven alcohol prevention programs for adolescents are lacking. This study introduced a binge drinking impression formation paradigm to test whether emphasizing sexual dysfunction induced by alcohol abuse lowers positive attitudes and expectancies related to binge drinking when compared with cognitive or long-term health consequences. Method. In a between-subjects experiment, 269 French high school students (age, M = 15.94, SD = 0.93, 63.20% women) watched professional-quality videos emphasizing sexual impotence (n = 60), cognitive impairment (n = 72), or long-term effects (cancer, cardiovascular disease, n = 68) induced by alcohol and then had to evaluate a drinking scene. We predicted that the video on impotence would be the most impactful when compared with the other videos. Results. Results showed that women evaluated the target as less attractive after viewing the cognitive video compared with the video on impotence. Men were more willing to play sports against the target after viewing the cognitive video, compared with the video on impotence. Conclusions. These results showed that evolutionary meaning might shape impressions formed by participants depending on the context. This study calls for further replications using the same design and materials.
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Drageset, Jorunn, Geir Egil Eide und Solveig Hauge. „Symptoms of depression, sadness and sense of coherence (coping) among cognitively intact older people with cancer living in nursing homes—a mixed-methods study“. PeerJ 4 (09.06.2016): e2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2096.
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Background:Symptoms of depression are often reported among patients with a cancer diagnosis. Strong sense of coherence (SOC) is shown to be associated with less depression in the general older population and among nursing homes (NH) residents in particular. Knowledge about mixed-methods perspectives that examine symptoms of depression and SOC among cognitively intact NH residents with cancer is scarce.Aim:To investigate symptoms of depression and SOC among NH residents who are cognitively intact and have cancer.Methods:We used a quantitatively driven mixed-methods design with sequential supplementary qualitative components. We facilitated the collection of quantitative survey data of 60 NH residents (≥ 65 years) with cancer using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and SOC scale. The supplementary psychosocial component comprised qualitative research interviews about experiences related to depression with nine respondents from the same cohort.Results:In fully adjusted multiple regression analysis of the sociodemographic variables, the GDS was significantly correlated with SOC (P< 0.001). The experience of sadness was identified by the following theme: sadness. Coping with the experience of symptoms of depression was dominated by coping with sadness.Conclusion:More than half the NH residents reported symptoms of depression, and the SOC was associated with reduced symptoms. A mixed-methods design contributed to nuanced and detailed information about the meaning of depression, and the supplementary component informs and supports the core component. To improve the situation of NH residents with cancer, more attention should be paid to the residents’ experience of symptoms of depression and their SOC.
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Nikolić, Marko, und Milena Vukmirović. „Industrial heritage along Belgrade waterfront in planning documents“. Arhitektura i urbanizam, Nr. 51 (2020): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-28961.
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The City of Belgrade is situated at the confluence of the Sava and Danube. Accordingly, this geographical position has strongly shaped Belgrade's strategic and geopolitical significance, as well as its identity. In the last two decades, the development of several mega-projects in the area of Belgrade waterfront has had a negative impact on the cultural heritage of Belgrade and its historical cityscape, affecting its urban morphology and typology. The reason for this is that urban regeneration is most often driven by economic interests, while the preservation of meaning and the memory of a place are neglected. Along with these processes, several civic initiatives have emerged that aim to prevent damage to the built heritage and to indicate the need for stronger involvement of citizens in the city's planning and development processes. In order to discontinue the tendency of being driven by economic interest and demonstrate a will to achieve further sustainable development, it is necessary to redefine the procedure for protecting valuable cultural heritage. This could be achieved by creating a new approach to protecting cultural heritage in the domain of urban design and planning, taking into account all the values, tradition, authenticity and identity of a place. Accordingly, the paper will focus on the issues of protecting Belgrade's waterfront heritage, its historical and urban context, its genesis, and its cultural and architectural characteristics. Furthermore, the possibilities for different approaches to the presentation and modern utilization of the abandoned and ruined waterfront heritage will be investigated, in order to define new, common procedures that will be in line with city development goals, citizen expectations and heritage protection measures.
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Zhuang, Jie, Billi Randall, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, William D. Marslen-Wilson und Lorraine K. Tyler. „The Interaction of Lexical Semantics and Cohort Competition in Spoken Word Recognition: An fMRI Study“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2011): 3778–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00046.
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Spoken word recognition involves the activation of multiple word candidates on the basis of the initial speech input—the “cohort”—and selection among these competitors. Selection may be driven primarily by bottom–up acoustic–phonetic inputs or it may be modulated by other aspects of lexical representation, such as a word's meaning [Marslen-Wilson, W. D. Functional parallelism in spoken word-recognition. Cognition, 25, 71–102, 1987]. We examined these potential interactions in an fMRI study by presenting participants with words and pseudowords for lexical decision. In a factorial design, we manipulated (a) cohort competition (high/low competitive cohorts which vary the number of competing word candidates) and (b) the word's semantic properties (high/low imageability). A previous behavioral study [Tyler, L. K., Voice, J. K., & Moss, H. E. The interaction of meaning and sound in spoken word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, 320–326, 2000] showed that imageability facilitated word recognition but only for words in high competition cohorts. Here we found greater activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45, 47) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47) with increased cohort competition, an imageability effect in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus/angular gyrus (BA 39), and a significant interaction between imageability and cohort competition in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus (BA 21, 22). In words with high competition cohorts, high imageability words generated stronger activity than low imageability words, indicating a facilitatory role of imageability in a highly competitive cohort context. For words in low competition cohorts, there was no effect of imageability. These results support the behavioral data in showing that selection processes do not rely solely on bottom–up acoustic–phonetic cues but rather that the semantic properties of candidate words facilitate discrimination between competitors.
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Dooley, Ken. „Direct Passive Participation: Aiming for Accuracy and Citizen Safety in the Era of Big Data and the Smart City“. Smart Cities 4, Nr. 1 (10.03.2021): 336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010020.
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The public services in our smart cities should enable our citizens to live sustainable, safe and healthy lifestyles and they should be designed inclusively. This article examines emerging data-driven methods of citizen engagement that promise to deliver effortless engagement and discusses their suitability for the task at hand. Passive participation views citizens as sensors and data mining is used to elicit meaning from the vast amounts of data generated in a city. Direct passive participation has a clear link between the creation and the use of the data whereas indirect passive participation does not require a link between creation and use. The Helsinki city bike share scheme has been selected as a case study to further explore the concept of direct passive participation. The case study shows that passive user generated data is a strong indicator of optimum city bike station sizing relative to the existing methods that are already in use. Indirect passive participation is an important area of development; however, it still needs to be developed further. In the meantime, direct passive participation can be one of the tools used to design inclusive services in a way that is safe and an accurate representation of the citizens’ needs.
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Lim, Heejin, und Michelle Childs. „Visual storytelling on Instagram: branded photo narrative and the role of telepresence“. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 14, Nr. 1 (28.02.2020): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-09-2018-0115.
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Purpose The new focus of brand communication in social media has driven firms to develop the effective visual content strategy. In light of narrative transportation theory, this study aims to investigate the impact of a photo’s narrative elements on self-brand connection through viewers’ transportation and emotional responses. Additionally, this study tests the role of telepresence on Instagram in this psychological mechanism. Design/methodology/approach Using between-subjects experimental design, two experimental studies test the effect of implied movement (Study 1) and diverse narrative elements such as a character, implied motion for chronology and the relevant background (Study 2). Findings Results demonstrate that a single narrative element, i.e. implied motion, does not induce a viewer’s transportation to the presented image. Rather, the viewer’s transportation occurs as a function of complex and diverse narrative elements, such as implied motion and the background as a context. Practical implications Findings suggest that the concept of photo narrative should be taken into consideration in a visually-oriented social media environment. To increase self-brand connection, social media communication should be designed with diverse elements to promote viewers’ active simulation and create meaning to the branded photo story. Originality/value This study expands the theory of narrative transportation by applying it to a visual form. Additionally, this research investigates the effect of social media communication on self-brand connection; the findings of this study demonstrate that a major goal of social media communication is not to sell products but to strengthen consumer-brand relationships through branded storytelling.
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Nikolić, Aleksandra, Mirza Uzunović und Nermina Spaho. „Lifestyle pattern underlying organic and traditional food consumption“. British Food Journal 116, Nr. 11 (28.10.2014): 1748–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2014-0085.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to set out to define lifestyle pattern framing behavior shared by traditional food products (TFP) and organic foods (OF) consumers to identify, if possible, a generic way to facilitate development of TFP and OF production in order to pave the road for more sustainable food production and consumption. Design/methodology/approach – A convenience, non-probabilistic sample (n=800) was designed and customer survey was conducted in December 2013 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed to identify common lifestyle pattern shaping consumption of both products’ groups. Findings – TFP and OF consumption patterns are driven by common lifestyle pattern defined by concern for welfare of all people, social equality and nature; and by consumers’ belief that food is a basis of their health, while food and cooking make an important part of family life. Practical implications – This study shows that public and private promotion/marketing policies for OF and TFP need to be designed in a way that strongly emphasizes their symbolic meaning that elicits in consumers feeling of belonging to both local community and their family, and at the same time highlights the level of social responsibility of their producers. In addition, this study contributes to the body of knowledge in this area. Originality/value – No similar study has been done to date that was focussed on identifying common combination of lifestyle factors that frame and drive customers’ tendency to purchase either TFP or OF products. This study offers a unique and valuable insight into topics and values around which a generic public or private promotional strategy for the two product groups would evolve, and which will decide effectiveness of any such strategy.
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Rižnar, Matej, Darko Valenko, Marjan Golob und Nenad Muškinja. „Optimized Diving Velocity and Depth Control for Diver's Automatic Buoyancy Control Device“. Marine Technology Society Journal 49, Nr. 1 (01.01.2015): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.1.11.
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AbstractIn this article, the design and multiobjective optimization of a non-model-based proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system for diver's buoyancy control device (BCD) is presented. Changing and maintaining depth is an essential task in diving, for which the diver typically uses manual control of two pneumatic valves. An effective automatic control of the BCD can be beneficial in specific diving circumstances; i.e., in amateur diving, safety stop procedures, automatic ascending in case of critical life functions of the diver, poor visibility, when both of the diver's hands are required for other tasks, etc. In addition to multiple control problems caused by internal nonlinear dynamics of the BCD hardware, three main control aspects were considered: position or depth of the BCD; vertical, meaning the ascending or descending velocity of the BCD; and air supply consumption. From that, we examined and implemented a combined depth and vertical velocity control, which was configured as a cascaded controller setup with outer depth and inner vertical velocity control loops. Such controller setup could easily implement the specified limitations of the BCD's vertical velocity, which are critical for proper decompression procedure while the diver is ascending. In a simulation environment the optimization of the controller parameters was achieved with a differential evolution global optimum search algorithm. Obtained results were then compared to a manually driven BCD in a simulated environment.
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DIOCHON, MONICA, TERESA V MENZIES und YVON GASSE. „FROM BECOMING TO BEING: MEASURING FIRM CREATION“. Journal of Enterprising Culture 15, Nr. 01 (März 2007): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495807000034.
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Over the past decade, research efforts to address a lack of knowledge concerning the process of firm formation have intensified. Surprisingly, though, measurement of the primary dependent variable has been ignored. In aiming to establish a basis for measuring firm creation, we identify and address three critical deficiencies in the literature: a lack of definition, inappropriate theoretical underpinnings, and, weaknesses in the research design. Beginning with a general meaning of the term 'new firm,' we use a process-oriented event-driven theoretical perspective to propose an operational definition consisting of three key dimensions: recency or newness, a form of organization, and sales. The appropriateness of our proposed multidimensional measure (that also assesses a firm's sustainability) is explored as part of a larger research project studying Canadian nascent entrepreneurs. As members of the Entrepreneurial Research Consortium (ERC) we use standardized methods to identify and track these nascent entrepreneurs over a four year period. Since the research was designed with a capacity to test different theoretical perspectives, the instruments contain a range of items that have been used as indicators of start-up. A comparison of the proposed measure to selected single item measures indicates, among other things, that making the transition from becoming to 'being' a new firm involves meeting two key criteria: being newly operational and being sustainable. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Lundgren, Berndt Allan, und Fan Yang Wallentin. „Measuring unobservable factors in residential developments: a structural equation approach“. Journal of European Real Estate Research 9, Nr. 3 (07.11.2016): 250–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-12-2015-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to measure the effect of unobservable factors on residential choice behaviour in an attempt to advance the understanding of how to perform advanced market analysis. This research is important to residential developers, as the diversity of preferences is increasingly driven by lifestyle-based households and affluent households. Design/methodology/approach Information about the pros and cons of renting an apartment in an ongoing residential development project in Stockholm came from interviews using the laddering technique. Qualitative data were subsequently analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm which factors had the highest effect on an overall assessment of living in the development and a value-for-money conclusion. Findings Among the potentially important factors identified, respondents who became residents perceived the development to be more noise-free than those who did not when stating the overall value of living in the development and making a value-for-money conclusion. The perception of noise differed between the two groups, meaning that those who did not become residents believed the development to be more exposed to noise. The standard of the apartment was the second most influential factor when stating the overall value of living in the development and making a value-for-money conclusion. The belief of being able to relax in the home environment had no significant effect on overall value for either group. Originality/value The results show that confirmatory factor analysis can be used in measuring the effect of unobservable factors in residential choice behaviour. The methodology presented may advise developers, architects or planners in evaluating those attributes that create value-for-money to improve, for example, overall design solutions in urban development projects.
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Ernst, Christoph, Andreas Mladenow und Christine Strauss. „Collaboration and crowdsourcing in emergency management“. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 13, Nr. 2 (05.06.2017): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-03-2017-0026.
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Purpose Emergency managers face coordinative challenges that require a high degree of mobility, flexibility and the ability to interpret heterogeneous, location-dependent information of various sources and quality. Recent information and communication technology-driven developments like crowdsourcing or social networks have opened up new organizational possibilities for emergency managers. To make quick but solid decisions, and improve the coordination of activities performed by crowdsourcees during disaster response, the authors suggest the use of collaborative features from crowdsourcing and inherent availability of resources from social network effects. In this paper, the idea of considering collaboration and crowdsourcing as drivers for flexibility in the design of business processes in the context of emergency management is prepared, the meaning of location-dependent tasks for volunteers is investigated, and the added value of social network effects is substantiated. Design/methodology/approach This paper is part of an ongoing research project in the field of crowdsourcing. It represents conceptual work that builds on relevant literature. Findings In terms of emergency management, the paper sheds light on what emergency managers may consider when coordinating activities performed by volunteers and how they may benefit from social network effects. Furthermore, it is shown how they can exploit information using collaboration-based and tournament-like crowdsourcing, how they can benefit from invoking additional resources using weak ties from social networks, and how visualization of information may support decision-making. Practical implications Exemplary applications to exploit crowdsourcing and social network effects to support improvisation and to respond flexibly in disaster response are given. Originality/value This paper suggests novel collaborative approaches to support emergency managers in their decision-making. Based on social network analysis, the value of weak ties is elaborated, and based on a taxonomy from crowdsourcing, distinct collaborative alternatives are developed and proposed for application in emergency management.