Dissertationen: „Matrix of experiments“

1

Feng, Wei Pate Thomas H. „The QR algorithm for eigenvalue estimation theory and experiments /“. Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1488.

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2

Gardiner, Eric. „The design of non-orthogonal experiments with a factorial treatment structure“. Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280904.

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3

Yakubu, Emmanuel S. „Modeling and Fabrication of an Active Matrix Display“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1607443605214031.

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4

Pazman, Andrej, und Werner Müller. „Optimal Design of Experiments Subject to Correlated Errors“. Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/64/1/document.pdf.

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In this paper we consider optimal design of experiments in the case of correlated observations, when no replications are possible. This situation is typical when observing a random process or random field with known covariance structure. We present a theorem which demonstrates that the computation of optimum exact designs corresponds to solving minimization problems in terms of design measures. (author's abstract)
Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik

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5

Stallings, Jonathan W. „General Weighted Optimality of Designed Experiments“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56949.

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Design problems involve finding optimal plans that minimize cost and maximize information about the effects of changing experimental variables on some response. Information is typically measured through statistically meaningful functions, or criteria, of a design's corresponding information matrix. The most common criteria implicitly assume equal interest in all effects and certain forms of information matrices tend to optimize them. However, these criteria can be poor assessments of a design when there is unequal interest in the experimental effects. Morgan and Wang (2010) addressed this potential pitfall by developing a concise weighting system based on quadratic forms of a diagonal matrix W that allows a researcher to specify relative importance of information for any effects. They were then able to generate a broad class of weighted optimality criteria that evaluate a design's ability to maximize the weighted information, ultimately targeting those designs that efficiently estimate effects assigned larger weight. This dissertation considers a much broader class of potential weighting systems, and hence weighted criteria, by allowing W to be any symmetric, positive definite matrix. Assuming the response and experimental effects may be expressed as a general linear model, we provide a survey of the standard approach to optimal designs based on real-valued, convex functions of information matrices. Motivated by this approach, we introduce fundamental definitions and preliminary results underlying the theory of general weighted optimality. A class of weight matrices is established that allows an experimenter to directly assign weights to a set of estimable functions and we show how optimality of transformed models may be placed under a weighted optimality context. Straightforward modifications to SAS PROC OPTEX are shown to provide an algorithmic search procedure for weighted optimal designs, including A-optimal incomplete block designs. Finally, a general theory is given for design optimization when only a subset of all estimable functions is assumed to be in the model. We use this to develop a weighted criterion to search for A-optimal completely randomized designs for baseline factorial effects assuming all high-order interactions are negligible.
Ph. D.

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6

Pestes, Rebekah Faith. „Precision Neutrino Oscillations: Important Considerations for Experiments“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103527.

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Currently, we are in an era of neutrino physics in which neutrino oscillation experiments are focusing on doing precision measurements. In this dissertation, we investigate what is important to consider when doing these precise experiments, especially in light of significant unresolved anomalies. We look at four general categories of considerations: systematic uncertainties, fundamental assumptions, parameterization-dependence of interpretations, and Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) scenarios. By performing a simulation using GLoBES, we find that uncertainties in the fine structure of the reactor neutrino spectrum could be vitally important to JUNO, a reactor neutrino experiment being built in China, so a reference spectrum with comparable energy resolution to JUNO is needed in order to alleviate this uncertainty. In addition, we determine that with their fix of the fine structure problem, JUNO can test the existence of a quantum interference term in the oscillation probability. We also reason that the CP-violating phase is very parameterization dependent, and the Jarlskog invariant is better for talking about amounts of CP violation in neutrino oscillations. Finally, we discover that CP-violating neutrino Non-Standard Interactions (NSIs) could already be affecting the outcomes of T2K and NOνA, two accelerator neutrino experiments, and may be why there is a tension in these two data sets.
Doctor of Philosophy
Neutrinos are very weakly interacting, fundamental particles that are extremely plentiful in the universe. There are three known types (or flavors) of neutrinos, and the fact that they change flavors (or oscillate) informs us that their mass is not zero, but no experiments have been able to put a lower bound on the smallest neutrino mass. Now that experiments measuring neutrino oscillations have become more precise and some significant anomalies remain unresolved, there are considerations that have become important to investigate. In this paper, we look at four of these considerations: • Uncertainties in the finer shapes in the energy spectrum of neutrinos coming from a nuclear reactor (Chapter 2): We find that these uncertainties could destroy the ability of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to meet one of its major goals, unless they measured the spectrum at a spot close to the reactor with a really good energy resolution (comparable to that of JUNO). • An assumption about quantum mechanics being the foundation of particles and their interactions (Chapter 3): We determine that by heeding our warning in Chapter 2, JUNO will be able to test the existence of the term in the oscillation probability arising out of quantum interference. • How the neutrino oscillation parameter known as the CP-violating phase is dependent on the parameterization scheme used for the matrix describing how the flavors mix to make neutrino oscillation possible (Chapter 4): We find that the parameterization dependence is drastic, and if we want to discuss how much CP violation (i.e. a measure of how neutrinos behave differently from their anti-matter counterparts) exists in neutrino oscillations, we should talk about a quantity called the Jarlskog invariant. • The possibility of interactions existing between neutrinos and other particles that are not part of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, i.e. neutrino Non-Standard Interactions (NSIs) (Chapter 5): We discover that NSIs that are CP-violating can actually explain a current discrepancy between two neutrino oscillation experiments: Tokai to Kamioka Nuclear Decay Experiment (T2K) and NuMI Off-axis ν e Appearance (NOνA).

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Liyanage, Geethika Kaushalya. „Infrared Emitting PbS Nanocrystals through Matrix Encapsulation“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403953924.

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8

Kohram, Mojtaba. „Experiments with Support Vector Machines and Kernels“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378112059.

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9

Mkhonta, Sizwe. „Development of a finite element matrix (fem)three-phase three-limb transformer model for Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) experiments“. Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32805.

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Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) have been a growing concern within power system operators and researchers as they have been widely reported to lead to power system related issues and material damage to system components like power transformers. In power transformers, GIC impacts are evidenced by part-wave saturation, resulting in transformers experiencing increased presence of odd and even harmonics. The three-phase three-limb (3p3L) transformer has been found to be the most tolerant to high dc values compared to other core types. The research was based on a hypothesis which reads “transformer laboratory testing results can be used as a guide towards developing suitable Finite Element Matrix (FEM) models to be used for conducting GIC/DC experiments”. This study thus investigates the response of a 15 kVA 3p3L laboratory transformer to dc current, emulating the effects of GICs. GIC and dc current are the same under steady state conditions, and hence mentioned interchangeably. Laboratory tests conducted identified two critical saturation points when the transformer is exposed to dc. The early saturation point was identified to be at around 1.8 A/phase of dc (18% of rated current), while the deep saturation point was at around 15 to 20 A/phase of dc (about 72% of rated current). Further analysis showed that holes drilled on the transformer can lower the transformer knee-point by about 26%, depending on the size and location of the holes. The holes hence end up affecting the operating point of the transformer due to losses occurring around the holes. A transformer FEM model was developed following the laboratory exercise, where it was concluded that a 2D model leads to grossly erroneous results, distorting the magnetizing current by about 60% compared to the laboratory results. A solid 3D model improved performance by about 30% as it took the transformer's topological structure into consideration. The 3D model was then refined further to include joints and laminations. It was discovered that laminations on the transformer need to be introduced as stacks of the core, with each core step split into two, allocating a 4% air gap space between stacks. Refinement of the T-joints proved that the joints have a relatively high influence on the transformer behaviour, with their detailed refinement improving the transformer behaviour by about 60%. The final FEM model was used for dc experiments. The results of such experiments showed close resemblance to the laboratory results, with saturation points identified in FEM lying within 10% of the laboratory identified saturation points. Overall, the various investigation methods explored showed that the hypothesis was satisfactorily proven true. Laboratory results functioned as a guide in developing the model, offering a reference case.

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Kerwat, Jamal S. „Constructing a Social Accounting Matrix for Libya and Using it to Conduct Policy Experiments with a Computable General Equilibrium Model“. Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521665.

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11

Hohlenwerger, Camila Celestino. „A estrutura da paisagem e o potencial controle das “cigarrinhas-das-pastagens&rdquo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-05122016-143451/.

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O controle biológico de pragas é um importante serviço ecossistêmico em áreas agrícolas e de pastagem, podendo trazer tanto benefícios econômicos quanto ambientais. Em áreas de pastagens tropicais, as a cigarrinhas-das-pastagens podem trazer prejuízos da ordem de US$ 800 milhões por ano, sendo assim uma praga de grande importância. Para entendermos os fatores que potencialmente regulam o controle biológico destas cigarrinhas no nível da paisagem, nós avaliamos, através de experimentos de predação, o efeito da quantidade de cobertura florestal, do tamanho do fragmento e da distância na matriz ao fragmento no processo de predação. Além disso, testamos o efeito de diferentes procedimentos metodológico na detecção de padrões de relação entre o potencial controle de pragas e a estrutura da paisagem. Trabalhamos com nove paisagens inseridas na região de Mata Atlântica, e para cada paisagem utilizamos três transectos de 100 m de cumprimento para dentro das pastagens, ortogonalmente dispostos a partir de uma borda florestal. A taxa de predação apresentou uma relação positiva com a cobertura florestal no raio de 400 m e com o tamanho do fragmento, e uma relação negativa com a distância ao fragmento florestal. Os padrões de predação variaram com o tipo de presa utilizado e com o tempo de exposição do experimento. O experimento do tipo sentinel prey (com presas reais que são pragas comuns na região - Deois flavopicta) evidenciou padrões fracos com a cobertura florestal no raio de 3 km, enquanto o experimento com \"dummy caterpillars\" (com presas artificiais em formato de lagartas) evidenciou padrões mais claros associados, principalmente, com a cobertura florestal no raio de 400 m e com o tamanho do fragmento. O efeito negativo da distância ao fragmento florestal só ficou claro com tempos de exposição mais longos (96 horas). O processo de predação na matriz é assim influenciado pela estrutura da paisagem, particularmente em escala mais locais (400 m), e os diferentes tipos de presas e tempos de exposição de experimentos de predação influenciam nos padrões ecológicos que emergem. Nosso trabalho evidência a importância do manejo da estrutura da paisagem em áreas agrícolas para otimizar o oferecimento do serviço de controle de pragas, bem como a necessidade de se utilizar mais de um tipo de experimento para avaliar o processo de predação
Biological pest control is an important ecosystem service in agricultural and pastures areas, and can bring both economic and environmental benefits. In areas of tropical pastures, spittlebugs can bring losses of several millions per year, thus being a pest of great importance. To understand the factors that potentially regulate the biological control of these froghoppers, we evaluated through predation experiments the effects of forest cover amount, fragment size and distance in the matrix to fragment on predation process. In addition, we tested the effect of different methodological procedures in the detection of relationships between pest control and landscape structure. We worked with nine landscapes inserted in the Atlantic Forest region, and for each landscape used three transects of 100 m length inside pastures, orthogonally arranged from the forest edge. Predation rate showed a positive relationship with forest cover within 400 m and with fragment size, and a negative relationship with distance from forest fragment. Predation patterns varied with the type of prey used and the exposure time of the experiment. The sentinel prey\'s experiment (with real preys that are common pests in the region - Deois flavopicta) showed weak patterns with forest cover in 3 km, while the dummy caterpillars experiment (with artificial prey on caterpillars\' shape) showed clearer patterns mainly associated with forest cover within 400 m, and with fragment size. The negative effect of distance from the forest fragment became clear only with longer exposure times (96 hours). The predation process in the matrix is thus influenced by the landscape structure, particularly in more local scale (400 m), and different types of prey and exposures times of predation experiments influence the ecological patterns that emerge. Our work highlights the importance of landscape management structure in agricultural areas to optimize the offering of pest control service, as well as the need to use more than one type of experiment to access predation process

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Buslig, Leticia. „Méthodes stochastiques de modélisation de données : application à la reconstruction de données non régulières“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4734/document.

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13

Paneru, Som N. „Elastic Scattering of ³He+⁴He with SONIK“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1595631779431617.

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14

Chen, Ping. „Applications of Chemometric Algorithms to Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1206019463.

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15

Kadlec, Tomáš. „Porovnání koncepcí zásobování materiálem s využitím počítačové simulace“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442810.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is to design of a new concept of material handling from the automatic warehouse to the manufacturing area and comparison with the original concept using computer simulation. The simulation model is created in Plant Simulation software from PLM Software. Part of the thesis is to compile a matric of experiments and perform simulation experiments in order to compare both concepts.

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Vinogrodskij, Sergej. „Ultravioletinių dažų sukietinimo problemų tyrimas“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100618_192639-96637.

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Nagrinėjama spausdinimo metu ant atspaudo užnešamų ultravioletinių dažų sukietinimo (užsitvirtinimo) problema. Spausdinama ritinine plokščiosios ofsetinės spaudos spausdinimo mašina. Apžvelgti eksperimentiniai ir teoriniai problemos aspektai. Aprašoma dažų džiovinimo ultravioletinėmis lempomis specifika, spausdinimo mašinos ir džiovinimo įrenginių parametrų įtaka dažų sukietinimo kokybei. Pateikiama eksperimentų planavimo metodu paremta tyrimo metodika ir jos pagrindu gauti duomenys, parodantys technologinių faktorių įtaką dažų sukietinimui. Didžiausią įtaką nagrinėjamų ultravioletinių dažų sukietinimui daro ultravioletinių lempų skaičius.
The problems of hardening (fixing) of ultraviolet ink while putting it on the imprint during the printing process are examined. The product is printed with the web-fed offset printing press. Experimental and theoretical questions are investigated. The specific features of ultraviolet ink curing using the ultraviolet radiation lamps as well as the parameters of the printing press and ultraviolet curing devices, which affect the quality of the imprint, are described. The results are presented in reference to the research methods based on the mathematical design of experiments. The results reveal how different technological factors’ affect the investigated hardening. The biggest influence on the investigated ultraviolet ink hardening has the number of ultraviolet lamps.

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Hopkins, Christopher David. „Development and Characterization of Optimum Process Parameters for Metallic Composites made by Ultrasonic Consolidation“. The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275414900.

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18

Almansour, Amjad Saleh Ali. „USE OF SINGLE TOW CERAMIC MATRIX MINICOMPOSITES TO DETERMINE FUNDAMENTAL ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron148640184494135.

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19

Shrestha, Suman. „High Resolution Polarimetric Imaging Techniques for Space and Medical Applications“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1362743971.

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20

Bighetti, Bruna Barros. „Avaliação do reparo de defeito ósseo em calvária de ratos diabéticos tratados com Matriz Óssea Desmineralizada“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25149/tde-09122011-094237/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as atividades osteoindutoras e osteocondutoras da matriz alogênica óssea desmineralizada (MAOD) frente à diabetes no reparo de defeito de tamanho crítico em calvárias de ratos diabéticos. Para isso, 100 ratos machos Wistar foram divididos em 2 grupos: no grupo diabético (DIAB, n=50) foi injetado 47 mg/Kg de massa corporal de estreptozotocina, enquanto que no grupo controle (CTL, n=50) foi injetado solução fisiológica a 0,9%. A MAOD foi obtida de 50 ratos, cujo fêmur e tíbia foram retirados, desmineralizados com HCl a 0,6M por 24 horas, particulados em 1-2mm³, neutralizados com soro fisiológico e armazenados em álcool. Após a anestesia, foram realizados defeitos ósseos de 8 mm nas calvárias dos animais, sendo os grupos CTL COAG (n=25) e DIAB COAG (n=25) preenchidos com coágulo e os grupos CTL MAOD (n=25) e DIAB MAOD (n=25) preenchidos com MAOD. Após os períodos de 0, 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias, as calvárias foram coletadas. A análise radiográfica mostrou que houve formação de ilhas radiodensas no interior dos defeitos nos grupos CTL e DIAB tratados com MAOD, enquanto que nos grupos tratados com coágulo houve formação de áreas mais radiodensas somente nas bordas do defeito, corroborando com os resultados morfológicos, que mostraram nos grupos tratados com coágulo que o reparo ósseo teve início nas bordas do defeito, enquanto que nos grupos tratados com MAOD, a neoformação óssea ocorreu também nas áreas de reabsorção nas partículas de MAOD. De acordo com os resultados morfométricos, o volume de tecido ósseo aumentou gradativamente em todos os grupos, porém, esse aumento foi maior nos grupos CTL em relação aos seus respectivos tratamentos nos grupos DIAB (CTL COAG > DIAB COAG e CTL MAOD > DIAB MAOD) e maior quando comparados os grupos tratados com MAOD versus os respectivos grupos tratados com COAG (CTL MAOD > CTL COAG e DIAB MAOD > DIAB COAG). Assim, ao término de 42 dias, o volume de tecido ósseo no grupo CTL MAOD foi em média 3,24 vezes maior em relação aos demais grupos, os grupos CTL COAG e DIAB MAOD não apresentaram diferenças significativas e o grupo DIAB MAOD foi 1,81 vezes maior em relação ao DIAB COAG. Com esses resultados, conclui-se que embora o quadro de diabetes tenha influenciado no atraso do reparo, ainda assim, pode-se afirmar que a MAOD contribuiu com a neoformação óssea e com o reparo do defeito na calvária de animais saudáveis e diabéticos, por terem sido preservadas as suas características osteoindutoras e osteocondutoras.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the osteoinductive and osteoconductive activities of demineralized allogeneic bone matrix (DABM) against diabetes in repairing critical size defects in diabetic rats skulls. Therefore, 100 male Wistar rats were shered into two groups: in the diabetic group (DIAB, n=50) was 47 mg/Kg of body weight streptozotocin, while in the control group (CTL, n=50) was injected saline 0.9%. The DABM was obteined using 50 rats which were removed their femur and tibia bones, demineralized in 0.6 N HCl during 24 hours, cut into 1-2mm³ pieces, neutralized in saline and stored in alcohol. After anesthesia, were made 8 mm bone defects on skulls of rats, being the CTL CLOT group (n=25) and DIAB CLOT group (n=25) filled with blood clot and the CTL DABM group (n=25) and DIAB DABM group (n=25) filled with DABM. After 0, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days, the skulls were collected. The radiographic analysis showed radiodense islets inside the defects filled with DABM in CTL and DIAB groups, while groups filled with blood clot showed radiodense areas near the defect border, which is in agreement to the morphologic results, that had showed the begining of bone healing was near the defects border in groups filled with blood clot, while groups filled with DABM showed new bone formation also in resorption DABM areas. According to morphometric results, the volume of bone tissue had increased in all groups, however, this increase was more accentuated in CTL groups when compared to DIAB groups with respected treatments (CTL CLOT > DIAB CLOT and CTL DABM > DIAB DABM) and bigger when groups treated with DABM are compared to respestive groups treated with CLOT (CTL DABM > CTL CLOT e DIAB DABM > DIAB CLOT). Thereby, at the end of 42 days, the CTL DABM bone tissue volume was 3.24 greater than the other groups, the CTL CLOT and DIAB DABM groups didnt show any significant differenceand the DIAB DABM was 1,81 greater than DIAB CLOT. From these results, the conclusion is that although diabetes had delayed the repair, nevertheless, DABM contributed to bone neoformation and to the defect repair in skulls of healthy and diabetic animals, due to the osteoinductive and osteoconductive qualities had been preserved.

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Stehlik, Milan. „Some Properties of Exchange Design Algorithms Under Correlation“. Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/994/1/document.pdf.

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In this paper we discuss an algorithm for the construction of D-optimal experimental designs for the parameters in a regression model when the errors have a correlation structure. We show that design points can collapse under the presence of some covariance structures and a so called nugget can be employed in a natural way. We also show that the information of equidistant design on covariance parameter is increasing with the number of design points under exponential variogram, however these designs are not D-optimal. Also in higher dimensions the exponential structure without nugget leads to collapsing of the D-optimal design when also parameters of covariance structure are of interest. However, if only trend parameters are of interest, the designs covering uniformly the whole design space are very efficient. For illustration some numerical examples are also included. (author's abstract)
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

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Záia, Alexandre Augusto 1968. „Estudo bioquimico e ultraestrutural da matriz extracelular durante atrofia experimental de glandulas submandibulares de ratos“. [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290003.

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Orientador: Sergio R. Peres Line
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T06:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zaia_AlexandreAugusto_D.pdf: 2456850 bytes, checksum: d1b3ef837bc68e43f27ecb9248a2d266 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: Atrofia obstrutiva de glândulas salivares é uma alteração comum que pode ser causada pela presença de cálculos, infecções ou processos neoplásicos. No presente estudo utilizamos microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e métodos bioquímicos para estudar alterações que ocorrem na matriz extracelular durante atrofia experimental de glândulas submandibulares de ratos. Estudos imunohistoquímicos da laminina e do colágeno IV mostraram distribuição irregular dessas proteínas ao redor das estruturas ductais e acinares atróficas. Análise em "Western blot" mostrou que glândulas submandibulares de ratos expressam laminina contendo apenas cadeias S, enquanto a cadeia A é presente em pequena quantidade. Isso foi observado tanto em glândulas normais como atróficas. Investigação da expressão da colagenase fibroblástica (MMP-1) por técnica zimográfica mostrou altos níveis desta enzima após 5 dias de atrofia. Com a evolução da atrofia, a atividade gelatinolítica regrediu gradativamente até 30 dias de atrofia. Microscopia eletrônica mostrou extensivas alterações morfológicas nas células glandulares. Células mioepiteliais de glândulas atróficas mostraram áreas com espessamento da membrana basal. A atrofia experimental de glândulas salivares pode ser usada como modelo in vivo para estudar eventos moleculares que ocorrem durante remodelação da matriz extracelular
Abstract: Obstructive atrophy of salivary glands is a common disease. It may occur by ductal obstruction caused by calculus, infection or neoplastic processes. In the present work we have used electron microscopy and biochemical methods to study the changes that occur in the expression laminin, type IV collagen and metaloproteinases during the experimental atrophy of the submandibular gland in rats. Immunohistochemical studies of laminin and type IV collagen showed an irregular distribution of there proteins around atrophies ducts and acini. The composition of laminin chains was not altered during glandular atrophy. Western blot analysis showed that rat submandibular gland laminin contain B chains, while A chain seems to be present only in small amounts. Investigation of the expression of fibroblast collagenase (MMP1), by zimographic analysis showed. high levels of this enzyme after 5, days of ligation. Gelatinolytic activity decrease progressively until 30 days of atrophy. Electron microscopy showed extensive morphologic changes in glandular cells. Myoepithelial cells showed "wrinkling" of outer plasma membrane leading to a thickening of the associated basement membrane. We conclude that the atrophy of salivary gland is an useful in vivo model to study the molecular events that take part in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix
Doutorado
Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
Doutor em Odontologia

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Bighetti, Bruna Barros. „Avaliação das citocinas TNF-α, RANKL e OPG e do número de osteoclastos no reparo de defeito ósseo em calvária de ratos diabéticos tratados com matriz óssea desmineralizada“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25149/tde-25112016-114638/.

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Neste trabalho, foi avaliado a participação dos osteoclastos bem como a ação das citocinas RANKL, OPG e TNF-α durante a formação e remodelação óssea em defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico em ratos normoglicêmicos e diabéticos tratados ou não com a MAOD. Para isso, foram utilizados 250 ratos machos Wistar. Trinta ratos foram utilizados para coleta dos fêmures e tíbias, os quais foram processados para obtenção da MAOD. Os demais 220 ratos foram divididos em Grupo Não Diabétido (CTL, n=110) e Grupo Diabético (DIAB, n= 110) induzido pela aplicação de uma dose única de 47 mg/Kg de massa corporal de estreptozotocina. Um defeito transósseo de 8 mm de diâmetro foi realizado nos ossos parietais dos ratos, sendo que, nos subgrupos CTL MAOD e DIAB MAOD, os defeitos foram preenchidos com MAOD e nos grupos CTL COAG e DIAB COAG apenas com coágulo sanguíneo. Após 0, 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias, as calotas cranianas foram coletadas para determinação da densidade de volume, número de osteoclastos/mm2 na área do defeito, quantificação por imunoistoquimica e expressão do RNAm para as proteínas RANKL, OPG e TNF-α. Os resultados para volume do tecido ósseo neoformado foi maior nos grupos CTL COAG e CTL MAOD, bem como no grupo DIAB MAOD quando comparado com DIAB COAG (CTL MAOD > CTL COAG e DIAB MAOD > DIAB COAG). O número de osteoclastos nos grupos CTL aumentaram significantemente (3,69 osteoclasto/mm2), enquanto que nos grupos MAOD aumentaram gradualmente até os 42 dias (2,8 osteoclasto/mm2). Os resultados para imunomarcação mostraram que a MAOD promove 1,28 vezes maior expressão de OPG, bem como de TNF-α tanto no grupo CTL (1,59 vezes) como no DIAB (1,76 vezes). Os resultados para expressão do RNAm para OPG mostrou que a média dos valores do grupo COAG comparado com a do grupo MAOD foi 1,91 vezes maior no grupo COAG. Já os valores para expressão de RANKL permaneceram constantes no grupo DIAB MAOD, com aumento significativo de 2,57 vezes aos 42 dias, sendo 4,3 vezes maior, quando comparado com a média dos outros grupos no mesmo período. Conclui-se que nos animais normoglicemicos, o tratamento com a MAOD aumenta a expressão de OPG, RANKL e TNF-α, assim como a atividade osteoclástica, promovendo reabsorção da MAOD e formação de tecido ósseo, enquanto que nos animais diabéticos, a atividade osteoclástica foi reduzida, sem alteração nos níveis de OPG e RANKL, reduzindo a reabsorção da MAOD e consequentemente da formação óssea.
Participation of osteoclasts was evaluated in reabsorption process of demineralized allogenic bone matrix (DABM) as well as the activity of cytokines RANKL, OPG and TNF- α during formation and bone remodeling in critial size defect of normoglycemic and diabetic rats treated or not with DABM. Therefore, 250 male Wistar rats were used. Thirty rats had femurs and tibias collected and processed to obtain DABM. 220 rats were divided into control group (CTL, n=110) and diabetic group (DIAB, n= 110) injected by a single dose of 47 mg/Kg of body weight streptozotocin. Were made 8mm bone defect on skulls of rats, in subgroups CTL DABM and DIAB DABM, defects were filled with DABM and subgroups CTL CLOT and DIAB CLOT were filled with blood clot. After 0, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days, the skulls were collected to determine the volume density, number of osteoclasts/mm2 into defects area, quantification by immunohistochemistry and RNAm expression of RANKL, OPG and TNF-α cytokines. The results of volume density of newly formed bone was higher in CTL CLOT and CTL DABM, as well as in DIAB DABM compared to DIAB CLOT (CTL DABM > CTL CLOT and DIAB DABM > DIAB CLOT). The number of osteoclasts in CTL groups increased to 3,69 osteoclasts/mm2, while in subgroups treated with DABM gradually increased up until 42 days (2,8 osteoclasts/mm2). Immunohistochemistry showed that DABM promotes an increase of 1.28-fold of OPG expression, as well as TNF-a expression in CTL group (1.59-fold) and DIAB group (1.76-fold). The results of RNAm expression of OPG showed that the average values of the CLOT subgroup compared to the average values of DABM subgroup was 1.91- fold higher in CLOT subgroup. The values of RANKL RNAm expression increase 2.57-fold at 42 days, being 4.3-fold higher than the average os the other groups in the same period. In conclusion, in the normoglicemic animals (CTL group), the treatment with DABM increase the expression of OPG, RANKL and TNF-α as the activity of osteoclasts, leading to DABM resorption and bone tissue formation, while in diabetic animals, the osteoclast activity was reduced, without changes in the leves of OPG and RANKL, decreasing DABM resorption and bone formation.

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Persson, Johan. „Restricted Region Exact Designs“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138614.

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Problem statement: The D-optimal design is often used in clinical research. In multi-factor clinical experiments it is natural to restrict the experiment's design space so as not to give a patient the combination of several high dose treatments simultaneously. Under such design space restrictions it is unknown what designs are D-optimal. The goal of the thesis has been to find D-optimal designs for these design spaces. Approach: Two new algorithms for finding D-optimal designs with one, two or three factors with linear models has been developed and implemented in MATLAB. Two restricted design spaces were explored. In cases when the program could not find the D-optimal design an analytic approach was used. Results: Special attention was given to the two factor model with interaction. All of the D-optimal designs for this model, N less or equal to 30, and their permutations have been listed as well as their continous designs. Conclusion: In one of the restricted design regions a simple design pattern appeared for N greater than or equal to 7. In the other restricted design region no obvious pattern was found but its continuous design could be calculated through analysis. It turned out that the number of trials at the lowest dose combination did not change when moving from the full space design to the restricted design regions.
Frågeställning: D-optimala designer är vanliga i kliniska studier. När flera faktorer (läkemedel) prövas samtidigt kan det vara nödvändigt att begränsa försöksrummet så att patienterna undviker att få en hög dos av flera faktorer samtidigt. I sådana begränsade försöksrum är det okänt vilka designer som är D-optimala. Uppsatsens mål har varit att hitta D-optimala designer i begränsade försöksrum. Metod: Två nya algoritmer för att hitta D-optimala designer med en, två eller tre dimensioner och linjära modeller har utvecklats och implementerats i MATLAB. Två begränsade försöksrum har utforskats. I de fall då MATLAB-programmet inte kunde hitta de D-optimala designerna användes analytiska metoder. Resultat: Analys av en tvåfaktormodell med interaktion utforskades särskilt noggrant. Alla D-optimala designer och permutationer av dessa i de båda begränsade försöksrummen har listats för alla N mindre än eller lika med 30, samt även deras kontinuerliga designer. Slutsats: För det ena försöksrummet upptäcktes ett mönster i designen då N är större än eller lika med 7. I det andra försöksrummet upptäcktes inget mönster och det krävdes således analytiska metoder för att finna dess kontinuerliga design. Det visade sig att antalet försök i den lägsta doskombinationen förblev oförändrat då man bytte från det fulla designrummet till de båda begränsade designrummen.

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Driscoll, Heather. „Matrix metalloproteinases and experimental diabetic neuropathy“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/matrix-metalloproteinases-and-experimental-diabetic-neuropathy(c4be55b6-7882-42f5-8c92-6900b402898c).html.

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Diabetic symmetrical polyneuropathy is the most common secondary complication of diabetes, with no effective treatment, apart from maintaining tight glycemic control. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease in order to develop new therapeutic strategies. Biochemical and structural changes are observed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the peripheral nerve in diabetes: including increased endoneurial collagen; reduplication of basement membranes around endoneurial capillaries; a thickening of basal lamina; and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). In normal nerves, ischaemic or other damage to distal axons provokes a regenerative response; in diabetes this is abortive and failure of axonal regeneration is a hallmark of clinical and experimental diabetic neuropathy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that cleave the protein components of the ECM. MMP-2 and MMP-9 play a central role in Wallerian degeneration and regeneration following nerve injury. This thesis investigates whether MMP-2 and -9 expression and/or activity were altered in the peripheral nerve in diabetes, and could contribute to regenerative failure in diabetic neuropathy. Using an experimental model of diabetes, we have demonstrated that MMP-2, but not MMP-9, is upregulated at gene, protein and activity levels in the rat sciatic nerve 8 weeks post-streptozotocin (STZ). This upregulation was not maintained at later time-points of diabetes. In vitro sciatic nerve cryoculture studies showed that peripheral nerve from STZ-diabetic rats was less supportive for neurite outgrowth from dissociated adult rat sensory neurons than nerve obtained from age-matched control rats. Cyrocultures were pre-treated with either MMP-2 or chondroitinase ABC, remodelling the peripheral nerve ECM, via the removal of inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans from the sciatic nerve, and significantly enhanced its ability to support axonal regeneration, and partially restored the diabetes-associated regenerative deficit. However, exogenous MMP-2 or MMP-9 did not directly affect neurite outgrowth of dissociated adult rat sensory neurons. Finally, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of the AGE inhibitors LR90 and pyridoxamine in experimental diabetes, using a number of electrophysiological, behavioural and biochemical endpoints. These inhibitors were effective at preventing the development of some of the functional deficits observed in STZ-diabetes. Sensory nerve conduction velocity deficits and lipid peroxidation in the sciatic nerve were prevented by both LR90 and pyridoxamine. These agents have potential for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

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Atayde, Silvana Ramos. „Influência da suplementação de colágeno V bovino na inflamação e remodelamento da matriz extracelular na artrite induzida em ratos“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-01032017-140943/.

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Considerando que o colágeno tipo V (Col V) pode ser exposto em processos de remodelamento tecidual, gerando autoimunidade em diversas patologias, postulamos que a administração oral de Col V possa modular a inflamação e remodelamento da sinovite articular experimental, evitando a destruição articular. Neste estudo a artrite foi induzida em ratos Lewis, machos com aproximadamente 250g, por injeção intra-articular de 500 ug de albumina de soro bovino metilada (mBSA) emulsificada em adjuvante de Freund completo (ACF) (10 ul), seguido por reforços intra-articulares de mBSA (500 ug) em solução salina (50 ul), após 7 e 14 dias da primeira injeção (grupo com artrite induzida; AI). Animais sem indução de artrite receberam solução salina (50 ml) por via intra-articular (grupo controle; CT). Após a primeira injeção de mBSA/ACF, a suplementação de Col V bovino (300ul/500ug) foi administrada por via oral nos animais com AI, durante 15 e 30 (AI-ColV15, n=10; AI-ColV30, n=10 ) dias e nos animais CT por 30 (CT-ColV30, n=10) dias. Nossos dados demonstraram que após 15 e 30 dias, a administração oral de Col V levou à diminuição do edema e infiltrado inflamatório severo, conteúdo total de fibras de colágeno, colágeno tipo I, subpopulação de linfócitos, macrófagos, IL-1beta, IL-10 e metaloproteinase 2 no tecido sinovial, e redução IL-1beta, TNFalfa, IL-17 e IL-10 no soro. Ocorreu maior expressão de caspase 9 no tecido sinovial dos animais que receberam o Col V. Pode-se concluir que a suplementação com Col V bovino reduziu a inflamação sinovial e resposta fibrótica independentemente do tempo, possivelmente por aumento da apoptose das células inflamatórias
Whereas type V collagen (Col V) can be exposed in tissue remodeling process, leading to autoimmunity in various pathologies, we postulate that the oral administration Col V can modulate inflammation and remodeling of joint experimental synovitis, preventing joint destruction. In this study, arthritis was induced in Lewis male rats of approximately 250g, by intra-articular injection of 500 ?g serum albumin methylated from bovine serum (mBSA) (500 ug) emulsified in complete Freund\'s adjuvant (CFA) (10 ul), followed by stiffeners intraarticular of mBSA (500 ug) in saline (50 ul) after 7 and 14 days from the first injection (group induced arthritis; AI). Animals received no arthritis induction brine (50 ul) by intraarticular (control group; CT). After the first injection of mBSA / CFA supplementation Col V bovine (300ul / 500ug) was administered orally in animals with AI for 15 and 30 (AI-ColV15, n = 10, I-ColV30, n = 10) days and animals CT per 30 (CT-ColV30, n = 10) days. Our data showed that after 15 and 30 days, oral administration of Col V led to the reduction of edema and severe inflammatory infiltrate, total content of collagen fibers, collagen type I, subpopulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, IL-1beta, IL-10 and metalloproteinase 2 in synovial tissue and reduced the IL-1beta, TNFalfa, and IL-17 IL-10 serum. There increased expression of caspase-9 in the synovial tissue of animals receiving Col V. It can be concluded that supplementation with bovine Col V reduced synovial inflammation and fibrotic response regardless of time, possibly by increased apoptosis of inflammatory cells

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Politi, Jose Roberto dos Santos. „Inovações teoricas e experimentos computacionais em Monte Carlo Quantico“. [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249222.

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Orientador: Rogerio Custodio
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Ciências

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Filadelpho, André Luís [UNESP]. „Análise da reação tecidual às inclusões subcutâneas de matriz de colágeno liofilizada no dorso de ratos Wistar tratados com Aloe vera“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101171.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a incorporação das matrizes liofilizadas de colágeno no dorso de ratos, testando principalmente a sua integridade e capacidade de servir como suporte para a migração de fibroblastos. Implantou-se no dorso torácico de 60 ratos albinos da variedade Wistar, machos e adultos, uma matriz de colágeno liofilizada. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de 30 animais, e cada grupo com três subgrupos de 10 animais. O primeiro grupo de animais, grupo AV, recebeu aplicação tópica de gel de Aloe vera e, no segundo grupo de animais, grupo SF, foi aplicado de modo similar, solução fisiológica a 0,9%. Os animais (10 ratos/subgrupo) foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 15, 30 e 45 dias de pós-operatório. A avaliação microscópica demonstrou aos 15 dias de pós-cirúrgico, nos dois grupos estudados, a ocorrência de uma reação inflamatória aguda, seguida de edema linfático e formação de tecido de granulação. Esse tecido era formado, principalmente, por leucócitos, que migraram para o local da inflamação. Linfócitos e macrófagos foram encontrados em maior número, no material tratado com Aloe vera. Aos 30 dias de pós-implante verificou-se um processo inflamatório moderado, nos dois grupos experimentais. Observou-se ainda, a presença de infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear discreto, associado à proliferação de fibroblastos. E aos 45 dias, no grupo AV, as matrizes encontravam-se menos espessas do que no grupo SF, havendo total bioincorporação dos moldes implantados. Frente aos resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que a matriz liofilizada de colágeno, é substituída por tecido local próximo ao normal e que a aplicação tópica de gel de Aloe vera acelerou o processo de cicatrização das lesões cirúrgicas e de incorporação das matrizes de colágeno liofilizadas
For this study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of lyophilized collagen matrix in the back of rats, mainly by testing their integrity and ability to serve as support for the migration of fibroblasts. Implanted in the thoracic dorsum of 60 albino rats of the Wistar variety, males and adults, a lyophilized collagen matrix. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 30 animals, and each group with 3 subgroups of 10 animals. The first group of animals, the AV group received topical application of Aloe vera gel and in the second group of animals the SF group was applied similarly saline 0.9%. Animals (10 rats / subgroup) were euthanized at 15, 30 and 45 days postoperatively. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated 15 days after surgery in both groups, the occurrence of an acute inflammatory reaction, followed by lymphoedema and formation of granulation tissue. This tissue was formed mainly by leukocytes, which migrated to the site of inflammation. Lymphocytes and macrophages were found in greater numbers, the material treated with Aloe vera. At 30 days post-implantation there was a moderate inflammatory process in both experimental groups. It was also observed, the presence of discrete mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, associated with the proliferation of fibroblasts. And after 45 days in the AV group, matrixes were thinner than in the SF group, with total bioincorporation the molds in place. Given our results, we conclude that the freeze-dried collagen matrix is replaced by local tissue close to normal and that topical application of Aloe vera gel has accelerated the healing of surgical wounds and incorporation of freeze-dried collagen matrix

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Siqueira, Camila Silva. „Influência da adrenalectomia bilateral nos eventos neurodegenerativos no modelo do parkinsonismo experimental pela 6-OHDA nigral. Enfoque aos mecanismos parácrinos gliais envolvidos na neuroproteção e cicatrização“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-17122009-084533/.

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Este trabalho tem o objetivo avaliar o efeito da adrenalectomia bilateral no processo neurodegenerativo e cicatricial na via nigro estriatal dopaminérgica lesada pela 6- hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) em ratos, e deste modo contribuir para a interpretação dos efeitos dos hormônios adreno esteróides nos processos neurodegenerativos e neurotróficos nas lesões do sistema nervoso central. Ratos Wistar adultos jovens foram submetidos à cirurgia de retirada bilateral das glândulas adrenais ou cirurgia simulada para a mesma. Após 2 dias, os animais foram submetidos à cirurgia estereotáxica para lesão do sistema nigro estriatal dopaminérgico através da injeção unilateral de 6-OHDA na substância negra. Os animais receberam diariamente doses de reposição hormonal de corticosterona (10mg/kg) ou solução veículo. Após um período de 72 horas, 1 semana e 3 semanas, os animais foram sacrificados por decapitação, e as regiões do mesencéfalo ventral e corpo estriado foram dissecados bilateralmente. O tecido foi processado para o método de Western blot onde foram analisados os seguintes marcadores: tirosina hidroxilase (TH enzima que participa da via de conversão da dopamina), proteína ácida fibrilar glial (GFAP proteína do filamento intermediário do citoesqueleto do astrócito), bem como as moléculas da matriz extracelular fosfacan, neurocan, sulfato de condroitina e NG2, a proteína Laminina e finalmente, o fator de crescimento fibroblástico-2 (FGF-2) na região do mesencéfalo ventral, onde observa-se ações tróficas nos neurônios dopaminérgicos nigras que podem exercer efeitos no processo inflamatório pelas suas ações gliogênica e angiogênica. Deste modo, a neurodegeneração dopaminérgica foi avaliada pelos níveis da TH, a ativação astrocitária pelos níveis da GFAP, o processo de cicatrização pela regulação das moléculas da matriz extracelular e as respostas tróficas pelo FGF-2. Pelos resultados obtidos é possível que hormônios glicocorticóides adrenais modulem os elementos envolvidos na neurodegeneração e reparo e cicatrização do sistema dopaminérgico.
This study has the objective to evaluate the effect of the bilateral adrenalectomy in the neurodegenerative process and cicatrization on the nigroestriatal pathway injury through 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rat, and in this way contribute for the interpretation of the adreno esteroides hormones effects in the neurodegenerative and neurotrophics process in the central nervous system.injury Adult rats wistar were submitted in a surgery to take the bilateral adrenal gland or a simulate surgery of the same. After 2 days the animals was involved into a stereotaxic surgery to nigroestriatal dopaminergic lesion with a unilateral injection of the 6-OHDA in the nigra. The animals received daily corticosterone hormonal (10mg/kg) or vehicle solution. After a period of 72 hours, 1 week and 3 weeks, the animals were decapitated, and the regions of the ventral midbrain and striatum it was bilaterally dissected. The tissue was processed by Western blot method and analyzed for the following markers: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH - enzyme that join of the dopamine conversion pathway), glial fibrilar acid protein (GFAP protein of the intermediary filament of the astrocyte citoesqueleto, the moleculars extracellular matrix phosphacan, neurocan, chondroitin sulfate and NG2, the Laminin protein and finally, the neurotrophic factor (FGF-2) in the region of ventral midbrain, where watched trophic actions in the dopaminergic neurons that could have effects in the inflammatory processes by your gliogenic and angiogenic actions. In this way, the dopaminergic neurodegeneration was evaluated by the TH levels, the astrocytary activation by the GFAP levels, the cicatrization processes by the molecules regulation of the extracellular matrix and the trophics FGF-2 answers. By the results it is possible that adrenal glucocorticoid hormones modulate the elements involved in neurodegeneration, repair and cicatrization of the dopaminergic system.

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Brown, Geraldine Marie. „Extracellular matrix proteolysis by bronchoalveolar leukocytes in experimental pneumoconiosis“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19447.

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Neutral proteinases, released by inflammatory leukocytes, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis but there has been no systematic study of the proteolytic acitivty of leukocytes from dust-exposed lung. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to assess the bronchoalveolar leukocyte profile and proteolytic activity of the leukocytes in a rat model of pneumoconiosis. An assay, based on the breakdown of [¹²⁵I] fibronectin, that would measure the overall proteolytic activity of the bronchoalveolar leukocytes and indicate their potential to damage the connective tissue of the alveolar septum was developed and validated. Increased proteolytic activity was found in the inflammatory bronchoalveolar leukocyte populations and so the relative role of macrophages and neutrophils was assessed by separation into distinct populations; both inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils had increased proteolytic activity. The important features governing the inflammogenicity of particles were addressed by measuring the inflammation-generating properties of a variety of fibrogenic and non-fibrogenic particles in rats exposed by intratracheal instillation or inhalation. The number of leukocytes recruited to the alveolar region was measured by bronchoalveolar lavage. Only fibrogenic mineral dusts had the ability to produce a sustained alveolitis in which the proteolytic activity of the bronchoalveolar leukocytes remained elevated. The pathogenicity of fibrogenic particles is likely, therefore, to be related to their ability to evoke and sustain an increased lung proteinase burden. The sustained alveolitis with fibrogenic particles was not related to lack of clearance of dust from the lung. Both quartz and coalmine dust elicited persistent alveolitis, but titanium dioxide, which is no more readily cleared than silica or coalmine dust, failed to sustain the inflammation. Properties of the particle surface, at least in the case of quartz, appear to play a part in their inflammogenicity. Altering the surface of quartz particles by coating them with aluminium lactate reduced their ability to recruit inflammatory leukocytes but did not alter the proteolytic activity of the leukocytes. The tissue response to the aluminium-coated quartz particles was also less than that elicited by native quartz with fewer and less-severe lesions. The foregoing serve to substantiate the role of inflammatory leukocytes in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis. Only when there is a sustained alveolitis with an overall increased proteinase burden, does pathological change occur in the lung. Reducing the magnitude and/or the duration of the alveolitis markedly suppresses the development of the tissue lesions.

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Portinho, Ciro Paz. „Cranioplastia com proteína morfogenética óssea, fosfato de cálcio, matriz dérmica acelular e alginato de cálcio : estudo experimental“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104114.

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INTRODUÇÃO: As reconstruções ósseas craniofaciais utilizam enxertos ósseos rotineiramente. Entretanto, pode haver problemas na disponibilidade ou na cicatrização óssea. A engenharia tecidual visa a solucionar problemas como este, através da produção de órgãos e tecidos pela combinação entre matrizes, células e fatores de crescimento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar cranioplastias experimentais, através da combinação entre proteína morfogenética óssea tipo 2 (BMP-2) e diferentes matrizes e carreadores. MÉTODO: Realizamos um estudo experimental prospectivo, comparativo e aberto, dividido em sete grupos: 1 – BT: BMP-2 e fosfato de cálcio (TCP); 2 – BM: BMP-2 e matriz dérmica acelular Matriderm ® (MDM); 3 – BA: BMP-2 e alginato de cálcio (ALG); 4 – TCP; 5 – MDM; 6 – ALG; 7 – Enxerto autógeno ou autoenxerto (AEN). Uma falha de 3 x 5 mm foi criada no osso parietal esquerdo de camundongos machos adultos, com mais de 3 meses. No mesmo tempo cirúrgico, uma das sete reconstruções foi realizada. Após cinco semanas, os animais for submetidos a eutanásia e um bloco ósseo, envolvendo a cranioplastia e uma margem de osso nativo circunjacente, foi retirado e preparado para análise histológica. Utilizamos o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para a análise estatística, com nível de significância de P<0,05. Os critérios histológicos utilizados foram: fusão de corticais; neoformação óssea; neovascularização e formação de medula óssea. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 38 animais. Em todos os animais, houve permanência do material utilizado para reconstrução. Não houve retração cicatricial nem deiscência em nenhum dos casos. Uma incidência elevada de infecção ocorreu no grupo MDM (57%, P=0,037). Houve diferença estatística na maioria dos critérios avaliados. No critério fusão de corticais, os grupos AEN, TCP e BT obtiveram as melhores pontuações em relação aos demais (P=0,00846). No critério neoformação óssea, os grupos BT, AEN e TCP obtiveram as melhores pontuações (P=0,00835). Já no quesito neovascularização, os grupos melhor pontuados foram BM, BA, TCP e MDM em relação aos demais (P=0,001695). Por fim, no critério formação de medula óssea, o AEN liderou a pontuação, seguido dos grupos BT e TCP (P=0,008317). CONCLUSÕES: O uso de BMP-2 melhorou a regeneração óssea de cranioplastias experimentais, principalmente com a associação de TCP, que foi comparável ao AEN, o padrão-ouro, em alguns critérios histológicos. Ademais, a associação BM aumentou significativamente a neovascularização na área receptora e diminuiu a incidência de infecção em relação à MDM isolada.
INTRODUCTION: Bone craniofacial reconstructions employ bone grafts routinely. Nevertheless, there may be troubles either in availability or healing. Tissue engineering aims to solve such problems, building either organs or tissues through combination among matrices, cells and growth factors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate experimental cranial vault reconstructions, by combining bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and different matrices or cell carriers. METHOD: We performed an experimental, open, prospective and comparative study, divided in seven groups: 1 – BT: BMP-2 and calcium phosphate (TCP); 2 – BM: BMP-2 and acellular dermal matrix Matriderm® (MDM); 3 – BA: BMP-2 and calcium alginate (ALG); 4 – TCP; 5 – MDM; 6 – ALG; 7 – Bone autograft (BAG). A bone failure, measuring approximately 3 x 5 mm was created in left parietal bone of adult male mice, aging more than 3 months old. At the same procedure, one of the seven reconstructions was performed. After five weeks, animals were sacrificed and a bone block, including cranial vault reconstruction area and nearby native bone was removed and processed to histological analysis. Statistics was made with Kruskal-Wallis test, and significance was considered when P<0.05. Histological criteria were: cortical fusion; new bone formation; neovascularization; and bone marrow formation. RESULTS: Thirty-eight animals were evaluated. In all of them, materials used to reconstruction remained at the receptor site. There has been neither dehiscence nor wound retraction in any case. A higher incidence of infection has occurred in MDM group (57%, P=0.037). There has been significant difference in most of the studied histological criteria. In cortical fusion, groups BAG, TCP, and BT have got the best scores, comparing to the others (P=0.00846). In new bone formation, groups BT, BAG, and TCP have presented the best scores (P=0.00835). When neovascularization was considered, best groups were BM, BA, TCP, and MDM (P=0.001695). At last, BAG group has been the best in bone marrow formation, followed by groups BT and TCP (P=0.008317). CONCLUSIONS: BMP-2 has increased bone regeneration in experimental skull reconstruction, especially when combined to TCP. Such association was even comparable to BAG, the gold-standard treatment, in some histological criteria. Besides, BM group has increased significantly neovascularization in receptor area and decreased the incidence of infection, when compared to MDM alone.

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Gonçalves, Flavia. „Fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de tensões de polimerização em compósitos experimentais contendo BisGMA, TEGDMA e BisEMA“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-13082007-154602/.

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Objetivo: avaliar a influência do conteúdo de BisGMA, TEGDMA e BisEMA sobre tensão de polimerização (spol), grau de conversão (GC), contração volumétrica (CV), módulo de elasticidade (E), escoamento (ES), taxa máxima de reação (RPmax) e incremento máximo de tensão (RSmax) e verificar as possíveis relações de dependência entre a tensão de polimerização e as demais variáveis. Material e métodos: Foram estudadas nove misturas, todas contendo 40% em peso de sílica coloidal, variando a concentração molar de BisGMA (33, 50 ou 66%) e o tipo de comonômero (TEGDMA, BisEMA ou ambos em partes iguais). spol foi determinada pela inserção do compósito (h=1mm) entre bastões de acrílico (r=3mm) fixados às garras de uma máquina universal de ensaios e dividindo-se a máxima força de contração registrada pela secção transversal dos bastões. CV foi mensurada em dilatômetro de mercúrio. E foi obtido através do teste de flexão em três pontos. Fragmentos de espécimes de flexão de cada grupo foram utilizados para análise do GC por FTRaman. O ES foi obtido pela aplicação de uma carga de 20N por 60s sobre o compósito não-polimerizado. RPmax foi determinada por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). RSmax foi calculado pela diferença entre dois valores de spol consecutivos. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA de dois fatores, teste de Tukey (a=0,05%) e análises de regressão. Resultados: A interação entre os fatores foi estatisticamente significante para todas as variáveis avaliadas (p<0,01), com exceção de GC onde apenas os fatores principais foram significantes (p<0,001). Em geral, composições com maior concentração de BisGMA e com o co-monômero BisEMA apresentaram menor GC e ES, o que se refletiu em menores valores para spol, CV e E. RPmax foi semelhante em todos os grupos, com exceção do compósito com 66%TEGDMA, que apresentou valor estatisticamente menor. Entretanto,. esse grupo apresentou o maior valor de RSmax. As análises de regressão evidenciaram forte relação direta de dependência da spol com GC (R2=0,830), ES (R2=0,896), CV (R2=0,690) e RSmax (R2=0,900). A correlação com o E foi fraca (R2=0,404) e com RPmax foi negativa (R2=0,667). Conclusões: Dentre as formulações avaliadas, compósitos contendo BisEMA e aqueles com maiores concentrações de BisGMA apresentaram, em geral, menor spol, GC, CV, ES e E. RPmax foi pouco afetada pela composição da matriz orgânica. spol mostrou maior relação de dependência com os fatores GC, CV e ES.
Objective: To evaluate the influence of BisGMA, TEGDMA and TEGDMA content on polymerization stress (spol), degree of conversion (DC), volumetric shrinkage (VS), elastic modulus (E), flow, maximum polymerization rate (RPmax) and maximum stress rate (RSmax) and to establish the correlation between polymerization stress and the other variables. Materials and Methods: Nine resin mixtures were studied, varying the BisGMA molar concentration (33, 50 or 66%) and the co-monomer content (TEGDMA, BisEMA or both in equal parts). All blends received 40 wt % of colloidal silica. spol was determined by inserting the composite (h=1mm) between acrylic rods (r=3mm) fixed on the opposite ends of a universal testing machine, and dividing the maximum contraction force by the rods? cross section. VS was measured by mercury dilatometry. E was obtained by three-point bending test. Fragments of flexural specimens were used to analyze DC by FT-Raman. Flow was obtained applying load of 20N for 60s on the uncured composite. RPmax was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). RSmax was calculated by the difference between two consecutives spol values. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, Tukey´s test (a=0.05%) and regression analyses. Results: The interactions between factors were significant for all variables (p<0.01), except for DC, where only the main factors were significant (p<0.001). In general, composites with higher BisGMA concentration and those containing BisEMA showed lower DC and flow, which resulted in lower values of spol, VS and E. RPmax was similar for all groups, except for the 66%TEGDMA composite, which showed a statistically lower value. However, this group showed the highest value of RSmax. The regression analyses evidenced a strong direct dependence of spol to DC (R2=0.830), flow (R2=0.896), VS (R2=0.690) and RSmax (R2=0.900). The correlation with E was weak (R2=0.404) and with RPmax was negative (R2=0.667). Conclusion: For the monomer mixtures studied, composites with BisEMA and those with higher BisGMA concentration showed, in general, lower spol, DC, VS, flow and E. RPmax was almost insensitive to the organic matrix composition. spol showed stronger dependence with DC, VS and flow.

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Torres, Núñez Eva. „Sparc (Osteonectin): new insight into the function and regulation = Sparc (Osteonectin): nuevos conocimientos sobre sus funciones y regulación“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133023.

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The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is a complex network secreted by cells that serves as a structural element in tissues and also influences their development and physiology. More specifically, the extracellular matrix helps cells to bind together and regulates several cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. It is composed of growth factors, proteoglycans, structural proteins and matricellular proteins. Osteonectin, also named Sparc (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) or BM-40 (Membrane Protein-40), is a multifunctional glycoprotein that belongs to the matricellular protein family. This group modulates matrix-cellular interactions and takes part in several cell functions, rather than playing a role in the cell structure. Sparc is known to have high affinity with calcium ions and was first discovered as the major component of ECM in mineral tissues, although it has since been located in many other tissues. Sparc expression is high during early development but remains low in adult life. However, it is expressed in tissues under renewal, tissue repair or tumorigenesis. Since Sparc is able to interact with multiple molecules, many important functions have been attributed to this protein, including counteradhesion, the regulation of cell proliferation and angiogenic activity. Analysis of the results obtained during this PhD Thesis leads to the following conclusions: • Sparc is as an important regulator of embryonic haematopoiesis during early development in zebrafish. Specifically, it mediates erythroid progenitor cell development regulating gata1 and βe3globin expression. • Similar defects in blood phenotypes of sparc and fgfs knockdowns and the capacity to partially rescue the fgf21 blood phenotype places sparc downstream of fgf21 signaling genetic network. • UV exposure induces an increase in the p53 and sparc expression • According with the conclusion 3, a possible molecular mechanism induced by sparc after UV-radiation is suggested to be the responsible in part of the increment in developmental abnormalities. • 5’UTR-intron is key transcriptional regulatory region of sparc gene since gene-construct containing simply this region predominantly displayed GFP expression in notochord, intermediate cell mass, otic vesicle, olfactory epithelium and muscle fibers in injected zebrafish embryos. • sparc is transcriptionally regulated by DNA methylation through the CpG island detected immediately upstream the 5’ translation start site which is located within the intron sequence. • Turbot Sparc protein keeps the same protein structure exhibited by all vertebrate Sparc proteins. The predicted turbot Sparc protein sequence shares high similarity to the Sparc proteins of other vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that turbot Sparc clusters together with its vertebrate orthologs. Additionally, we found that the expression pattern of Turbot sparc is comparable to other teleost species. Therefore, these results suggest a strong evolutionary pressure to conserve this protein and indicate that there should be an evident conservation of function. • sparc mRNA expression showed a dynamic stage-specific expression during post-embryonic turbot development with high levels at metamorphic climax, indicating that it might be necessary for turbot metamorphosis.
Osteonectina, también llamada Sparc o BM-40, es una glicoproteína multifuncional que pertenece a la familia de las proteínas matricelulares de la matriz extracelular. Este grupo modula las interacciones entre la matriz y las células e interviene en múltiples funciones más que jugar un papel en la estructura celular. Se sabe que Sparc tiene una alta afinidad por los iones calcio y fue descubierta por primera vez como el componente mayoritario de la matriz extracelular de tejidos mineralizados. Más tarde, se localizó Sparc en muchos otros tejidos. La expresión de Sparc es alta durante el desarrollo temprano y disminuye durante la edad adulta. Sin embargo, su expresión aumenta en tejidos que requieren cierto grado de renovación, reparación o en tumorigénesis. Debido a que Sparc es capaz de interactuar con múltiples moléculas, se le han atribuido importantes funciones como antiadhesión, regulación del ciclo celular y actividad angiogénica. Debido al poco conocimiento respecto a la regulación de Sparc y los papeles contradictorios en diferentes tejidos, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es contribuir a un mayor entendimiento de este gen en peces teleósteos. En esta tesis demostramos: 1. Sparc es un regulador importante en hematopoyesis embriogénica durante el desarrollo temprano del pez cebra. 2. Localizamos sparc corriente abajo de fgf21 en esta cascada de regulación. 3. La radiación ultravioleta es capaz de inducir un incremento en la expresión de p53 y Sparc. 4. Dado que sparc está altamente expresada en embriones expuestos a radiación ultravioleta, este gen puede estar implicado en el incremento de malformaciones durante el desarrollo. Así, se sugiere que posiblemente sparc sea capa de inducir un mecanismo molecular en respuesta a la exposición de UV. 5. El intrón localizado entre las dos regiones 5’UTR es clave para regulación transcripcional de sparc ya que el vector conteniendo únicamente esta secuencia asociada a GFP es capaz de expresar fluorescencia en notocorda, ICM, vesícula ótica, bulbo olfatorio y fibras musculares, lugares donde se sabe que sparc está presente tanto en pez cebra como en otras especies de teleósteos. 6. Sparc está regulada a nivel de la transcripción por metilación del ADN. Concretamente, la isla CpG detectada en el intrón es susceptible a procesos de metilación. 7. Tanto la secuencia aminoacídica de Sparc como los lugares de expresión en larvas de rodaballo (Scophthalmus maximus) están altamente conservados cuando se comparan con las secuencias existentes en otras especies. 8. Sparc tiene un papel durante la metamorfosis de rodaballo por su alta expresión en etapas premetamórficas.

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Andrade, Rodrigo Rocha. „Influência da proporção de partículas de reforço nas propriedades mecânicas de um compósito experimental“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6733.

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Previous studies show that there is effective interaction between silanized glass fiber and resin matrix formed by methacrylates; However, there is no information on the use of milled glass fiber and the resin incorporated as a filler particle in order to obtain better mechanical properties in composites for the manufacture of intraradiculares pins. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of different types (barium silicate and / or glass fiber powder) and charged particle concentrations in flexural strength, resistance to diametrical and Knoop microhardness traction, an experimental composite composed of 47.5% loading of particles, 30 % glass fiber and resin matrix of 22.5% (BISGMA and TEGDMA (1: 1)); evaluate the morphology of the filler particles and their interaction with the experimental composite in scanning electron microscopy. For producing glass fiber powder, fibers were milled in a mortar grinder / pestle, and then six experimental groups (N = 10) were prepared, varying the ratio of the kind of charged particle: CONTROL - 47.5% barium silicate and 0.0% glass fiber powder; G7.5 - 40.0% barium silicate and 7.5% glass fiber powder; G17.5 - barium silicate 30.0% and 17.5% glass fiber powder; G27.5 - barium silicate 20.0% and 27.5% glass fiber powder; G37.5% - 10.0% barium silicate and 37.5% glass powder vibrates; G47.5% - 0.0% barium silicate and 47.5% glass fiber powder. Cylindrical samples (3 mm x 6 mm) were produced for the diametral tensile strength test, and samples in bar format (25 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) for flexural and microhardness knoop throws. Resistance tests were performed at 0.5 mm / min on a universal testing machine (Instron 5965). The Knoop microhardness test was made 0.2 KHN (200 g) for 40 seconds at a hardness tester (Shimadzu HMV2). After verification of normality and homogeneity of data distribution with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Statistical analysis demonstrated (p = 0.001): flexural strength: CONTROL - 259.91 ± 26.01a; G7.5 - 212.48 ± 35.91b; G17.5 - 177.63 ± 24.88bc; G27.5 - 166.58 ± 30.84c; G37.5 - 92.08 ± 6.46d; G47.5 - 80.60 ± 17.89d; Diametral tensile strength: CONTROL - 31.05 ± 2.98a; G7.5 - 14.55 ± 3.70b; G27.5 - 12.65 ± 3.34bc; G17.5 - 8.62 ± 3.51cd; G47.5 - 8.04 ± 1.63d; G37.5 - 6.63 ± 2.85d; Knoop microhardness: CONTROL - 75.69 ± 12.19a; G37.5 - 67.62 ± 1.79ab; G27.5 - 65.72 ± 2.01b; G47.5 - 64.06 ± 1.61b; G7.5 - 62.79 ± 2.79b; G17.5 - 59.87 ± 2.33b. The gradual substitution a percentage of the barium silicate glass fiber powder in a glass fiber reinforced composite trial resulted in a decrease in the results of flexural strength, diametral tensile strength and Knoop hardness. Morphologically, glass fiber powder made up of particles with heterogeneous and larger than the particle of barium silicate. The interaction of the glass fiber powder to the resin matrix and fiber reinforcement have not proved effective.
Estudos prévios demonstram haver efetiva interação entre fibra de vidro silanizada e matriz resinosa formada por metacrilatos; porém, inexiste informação sobre a utilização da fibra de vidro moída e incorporada à resina como partícula de carga, com a finalidade de obter melhores propriedades mecânicas em compósitos destinados à fabricação de pinos intraradiculares. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar a influência de diferentes tipos (silicato de bário e/ou pó de fibra de vidro) e concentrações de partícula de carga na resistência flexural, resistência à tração diametral e microdureza Knoop, de um compósito experimental composto por 47,5 % de partículas de carga, 30 % de fibra de vidro e 22,5 % de matriz resinosa (BISGMA e TEGDMA (1:1)); avaliar a morfologia das partículas de carga e sua interação com o compósito experimental em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para produção do pó de fibra de vidro, fibras foram moídas em um moinho almofariz/pistilo e então seis grupos experimentais (N = 10) foram confeccionados, variando a proporção do tipo de partícula de carga: CONTROLE – 47,5 % silicato de bário e 0,0 % pó de fibra de vidro; G7,5 – 40,0 % silicato de bário e 7,5 % pó de fibra de vidro; G17,5 – 30,0 % silicato de bário e 17,5 % pó de fibra de vidro; G27,5 – 20,0 % silicato de bário e 27,5 % pó de fibra de vidro; G37,5 % - 10,0 % silicato de bário e 37,5 % pó de vibra de vidro; G47,5 % - 0,0 % silicato de bário e 47,5 % pó de fibra de vidro. Amostras cilíndricas (3 mm x 6 mm) foram produzidas para o teste de resistência à tração diametral, e amostras em formato de barra (25 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) para os testes de resistência flexural e microdureza knoop. Os testes de resistência foram executados a 0,5 mm/min em máquina de ensaios universais (Instron 5965). O teste de microdureza knoop foi feito a 0,2 KHN (200 g) por 40 segundos em um durômetro (HMV2 Shimadzu). Após verificação de normalidade e homogeneidade de distribuição dos dados com o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α=0,05). Análises estatísticas demonstraram (p=0,001): resistência flexural: CONTROLE - 259,91±26,01a; G7,5 - 212,48±35,91b; G17,5 - 177,63±24,88bc; G27,5 - 166,58±30,84c; G37,5 – 92,08±6,46d ; G47,5 – 80,60±17,89d; Resistência à tração diametral: CONTROLE – 31,05±2,98a; G7,5 – 14,55±3,70b; G27,5 – 12,65±3,34bc; G17,5 – 8,62±3,51cd; G47,5 – 8,04±1,63d ; G37,5 – 6,63±2,85d; Microdureza Knoop: CONTROLE – 75,69±12,19a; G37,5 – 67,62±1,79ab; G27,5 – 65,72±2,01b; G47,5 – 64,06±1,61b; G7,5 – 62,79±2,79b; G17,5 – 59,87±2,33b. A substituição gradativa em percentual do silicato de bário pelo pó de fibra de vidro em um compósito experimental reforçado com fibra de vidro resultou em queda nos resultados de resistência flexural, tração diametral e microdureza knoop. Morfologicamente, a partícula de pó de fibra de vidro apresentou-se heterogênea e com tamanho maior que a partícula do silicato de bário. A interação do pó de fibra de vidro com a matriz resinosa e o reforço de fibra não se mostraram efetivos.

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Silva, Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da. „A microcirculação da bolsa da bochecha do hamster sob a influência do diabetes mellitus experimental induzido por estreptozotocina: aspectos morfofuncionais“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1145.

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O Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença metabólica crônica com múltiplos fatores etiológicos (genético, viral e imunológico) que condiciona deficiência absoluta ou relativa de insulina, causando persistência de níveis elevados de glicose no sangue. Atualmente, o Diabetes Mellitus é considerado um importante problema de saúde devido a sua prevalência e alta morbimortalidade. Sua importância clínica resulta essencialmente de suas graves complicações, especialmente as microvasculares. A hiperglicemia crônica ou intermitente tem sido identificada como o fator indutor de lesão endotelial, sendo este, o agente desencadeante das complicações microvasculares. As células endoteliais, por serem influenciadas pela força hemodinâmica local, respondem com a transdução de sinais (mecanotransdução), as quais podem ser responsáveis pelo início de processos patológicos na parede dos vasos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a microcirculação da bolsa da bochecha do hamster sob a influência do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 experimental induzido por estreptozotocina, avaliando seus aspectos morfofuncionais aos 6 e 15 dias de evolução da doença. As características morfológicas de arteríolas e vênulas foram estimadas por medidas do diâmetro do lúmen e da espessura da parede; pela densidade de volume e de área destes vasos na bolsa da bochecha; pela análise imunohistoquímica da expressão de actina, talina, alfa-actina de músculo liso, vimentina, laminina e colágeno IV através da microscopia de luz com a utilização um sistema semiquantitativo baseado em uma escala de intensidade de imunomarcação; e por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Também foi avaliado o relaxamento dependente do endotélio, medido pela variação do diâmetro do lúmen antes e após a aplicação de acetilcolina e a permeabilidade de vênulas pós-capilares à histamina, determinada pelo número de pontos de extravasamento plasmático. Nossos resultados mostraram que arteríolas e vênulas não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos para o espessamento da parede, diâmetro luminal, densidade por área e de volume. A permeabilidade vascular, após 2 minutos da administração de histamina, foi diminuída significativamente nos grupos diabéticos, entretanto este achado não foi observado após 5 minutos da administração, o mesmo ocorrendo com a reatividade vascular. A expressão de actina, talina, laminina e vimentina esteve aumentada em arteríolas do grupo diabético com 6 dias de evolução da doença, sendo esta alteração persistente no grupo diabético de 15 dias de evolução para a laminina e a vimentina. Na microscopia eletrônica, partículas de ouro coloidal conjugadas a talina e a laminina se distribuíram no citoplasma e ao longo da superfície basal das células endoteliais. Na membrana basal, a laminina mostrou-se formando aglomerados. Essas evidências sugerem que aos 6 dias de evolução do diabetes as proteínas relacionadas a adesão com a matriz extracelular sofrem alteração possivelmente em resposta a mudanças na força hemodinâmica local promovida pela nova condição fisiológica induzida pela hiperglicemia.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with multiple etiologic factors (genetic, viral and immunological) that results in absolute or relative insulin deficiency, causing persistent elevated blood glucose levels. Nowadays, Diabetes Mellitus is considered as an important health concern due to its increasing prevalence and high morbimortality. Its clinical importance comes from the complications, especially microvascular. Chronic or transitory hyperglycemia has been identified as endothelial harm inductor factor, being this the first outcome of microvascular complications. Endothelial cells, under local hemodynamic strength, produce signal transduction (mechanotransduction), which can be responsible for the beginning of pathological events in vessels wall. In this regard, the objective of this study was to analyze hamster cheek pouch microcirculation under the influence of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin, evaluating its morpho-functional aspects at 6 and 15 days of diseases evolution. Morphological characteristics of arterioles and venules were estimated by the measurement of lumen diameter and wall thickness; the volume density and area of these vessels from cheek pouch; immunohistochemistry of the expression of actin, talin, smooth muscle alpha-actin, vimentin, laminin and type IV collagen through light microscopy with the utilization of a semi-quantitative score system based on the intensity of the immunostaining; and transmission electron microscopy. It was also evaluated the endothelium dependent relaxation, measured by the variation of lumen diameter before and after acetylcholine administration and post-capillary venules permeability to histamine, determined by number of points of plasma extravasation. Our results reveal that arterioles and venules do not show differences between the groups concerning wall thickness, luminal diameter, density per area and volume density. Vascular permeability, after 2 minutes of histamine administration, was reduced significantly in diabetic groups. However, this finding was not observed after 5 minutes of administration, the same occurring with vascular reactivity. The expression of actin, talin, laminin and vimentin was higher in arterioles of diabetic group with 6 days of evolution, being this alteration persistent in diabetic group at 15 days of evolution for laminin and vimentin. In electron microscopy, colloidal gold particles conjugated with talin and laminin were distributed at cytoplasm and basal surface of endothelial cells. In basement membrane, the laminin was forming clusters. These evidences suggest that at 6 days of diabetes course the proteins related to extracellular matrix adhesion were altered possibly due to changes in local hemodynamic forces caused by the new physiologic condition induced by hyperglycemia.

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Möri-Wymann, Andreas. „"In situ" matrix diffusion in crystalline rocks : an experimental approach /“. Bern : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Alves, Ana Carolina Araruna. „Efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade de 100 mW e 50 mW sobre osteoartrite experimental“. Universidade Nove de Julho, 2012. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1493.

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The cartilage damage and destruction are common in osteoarthritis (OA) and are associated with elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), proteinases that can degrade all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The objective was to study the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) at 50mW and 100mW in joint damage evaluated by histopathological analysis, and protein expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 in the articular lavage. We used 60 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 animals each: a control group, an injury group, and two treated groups, one with LLLT 50mW and other with 100mW. The animals underwent OA induction (papain solution 4%) and, on the euthanasia day was collected the articular lavage, which was immediately centrifuged and the supernatant saved for analysis of protein expression by Western blot. The material was stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic description and Picrosirius Red, to estimate the percentage of collagen fibers. As a result, it was observed that both laser groups were efficient on tissue repair, decreasing the expression of collagen type III and increasing type I at all the experimental times, however, the group LLLT 50mW was better in reducing MMP - 9 in relation to the LLLT 100mW group in 21 days. In conclusion, LLLT 50 mW was more efficient on modulating matrix metalloproteinases and repair of the cartilaginous tissue.
A lesão da cartilagem e a sua destruição são comuns em osteoartrite (OA) e estão associadas com níveis elevados de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs), proteinases que podem degradar todos os componentes da matriz extracelular (ECM). O objetivo foi estudar o efeito do laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) com 50mW e 100mW em lesões articulares por meio da análise histopatológica, bem como pela expressão proteíca de metaloproteinases 2 e 9 no lavado articular. Utilizou-se 60 ratos Wistar machos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos de 15 animais, sendo: um grupo controle; um grupo lesão, e dois grupos tratados, um com LBI de 50mW, e outro com LBI de 100mW. Os animais foram submetidos a OA (solução de papaína a 4%) e, no dia da eutanásia, coletou-se o lavado articular, que foi imediatamente centrifugado e o sobrenadante armazenado para análise de expressão protéica por Western Blot. O material foi corado com HE para a descrição histopatológica e Picrosirius Red, para estimar o percentual de fibras colágenas. Como resultado, observou-se que os dois grupos laser foram eficientes na reparação tecidual, diminuindo a expressão de colágeno tipo III e aumentando a do tipo I em todos os tempos experimentais, no entanto, o grupo LBI 50mW foi melhor em relação à redução da metaloproteinase 9 em relação ao grupo LBPI 100mW em 21 dias. Podemos concluir que o LBI 50 mW foi mais eficiente na modulação de metaloproteinases de matriz e reparação do tecido cartilaginoso.

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Cardó, i. Vila Marina. „Functional role of extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors in apoptosis and cell survival“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3009.

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Macrophages require presence of M-CSF to survive and proliferate. Incubation of bone marrow macrophages with soluble factors (LPS or IFN-gamma) or insoluble factors such as extracellular matrix proteins (Decorin, FN) macrophage proliferation was blocked. Moreover, pretreatment of macrophages with IFN-gamma protects from apoptosis induced by several stimuli. Inhibition of p21Waf with antisense oligonucleotides or using null mice showed that the induction of p21Waf by IFN-gamma mediate this protection. Thus, IFN-gamma makes macrophages unresponsive to apoptotic stimuli by inducing p21Waf and arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S boundary.
The insoluble factors, decorin and fibronectin, inhibit macrophage proliferation through p27kip1 expression and the modification of ERK activity. Decorin treated macrophages but not fibronectin protect from apoptosis mechanism that require p21Waf expression. Decorin enhances the IFNgamma-induced expression of IA-alpha and IAß MHC class II genes. Moreover, it increases the IFN-gamma or LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase, TNF-alpha, IL-1ß, and IL-6 genes and the secretion of these cytokines. Using a number of extracellular matrix proteins, we found a negative correlation between adhesion and proliferation. However, the effect of decorin on macrophage activation is explained by its ability to block the binding of autocrine-produced TGFß on the surface of macrophages.
These soluble and insoluble factors modulate the cell response through the interaction with surface receptors. Cell surface receptors of the integrin family are important regulators of the cell behavior. ß5 cytoplasmic domain has been reported to control cell migration and proliferation. Certain postadhesion are regulated through a pathway that requires both avß5 and PKC activity.
Extensive data have been reported on the use of phage libraries to identify ligands. The large molecular diversity represented in phage peptide libraries facilitates the identification of motifs that map to protein interaction sites. Here we introduced an approach based on phage display technology to identify molecules that specifically interact with the cytoplasmic of the ß5 integrin subunit. We showed that a peptide that mimics annexin V binds to the cytoplasmic domain and triggers apoptosis. Annexin V is a cytosolic signaling protein known to inhibit PKC activity, and we demonstrated that annexin-V only binds to active form of PKC. Induction of apoptosis by this peptide is modulated by growth factors and by PKC antagonist. Caspase activity and the expression of ß5 integrin are also required.
Caspases play an important role on apoptosis. XIAP functions as a caspase inhibitor and is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. All of the members of the IAP have been shown to inhibit programmed cell death. The human IAP family members bind to caspase 3 and caspase 7 with inhibitory constant values. We have selected peptides from a phage display library by using recombinant full-length human XIAP. A consensus motif was recovered from two independent screenings by using different libraries. Phage displaying variations of the consensus sequence bound specifically to the BIR2 domain of XIAP but not to other IAPs. Protein-protein interaction assays revealed that caspase-3 and -7 blocked the binding of the XIAP-binding phage to XIAP, indicating that this peptide targets a domain within XIAP that is related to the caspase-binding site. We also demonstrated that an internalizing version of the XIAP-binding peptide identified in our screenings could induce apoptosis in leukemia cells.
Using a new approach for the screening by phage display technology we also characterize cells surface receptors in endothelial cell activation and proliferation. The molecular diversity in human blood vessels remains largely unexplored. We developed a selection method in which peptides that home to specific vascular beds are identified after administration of a peptide library. These data represents a step toward the construction of a molecular map of human vasculature and may have broad implications for development of targeted therapies.

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Zucchini, Lorenzo. „Experimental analysis of fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) confined masonry columns“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2667/.

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The increasing use of Fiber Reinforced methods for strengthening existing brick masonry walls and columns, especially for the rehabilitation of historical buildings, has generated considerable research interest in understanding the failure mechanism in such systems. This dissertation is aimed to provide a basic understanding of the behavior of solid brick masonry walls unwrapped and wrapped with Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Composites. This is a new type of composite material, commonly known as FRCM, featuring a cementitious inorganic matrix (binder) instead of the more common epoxy one. The influence of the FRCM-reinforcement on the load-carrying capacity and strain distribution during compression test will be investigated using a full-field optical technique known as Digital Image Correlation. Compression test were carried on 6 clay bricks columns and on 7 clay brick walls in three different configuration, casted using bricks scaled respect the first one with a ratio 1:2, in order to determinate the effects of FRCM reinforcement. The goal of the experimental program is to understand how the behavior of brick masonry will be improved by the FRCM-wrapping. The results indicate that there is an arching action zone represented in the form of a parabola with a varying shape according to the used configuration. The area under the parabolas is considered as ineffectively confined. The effectively confined area is assumed to occur within the region where the arching action had been fully developed.

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HYLOK, JEFFERY EDWARD. „EXPERIMENTAL IDENTIFICATION OF DISTRIBUTED DAMPING MATRICES USING THE DYNAMIC STIFFNESS MATRIX“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029527404.

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Elias, Gracieli Prado [UNESP]. „Efeito da hipertensão e do atenolol sobre a atividade salivar e a microdureza dental: estudo experimental em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR)“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104235.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade das glândulas salivares, a mineralização dental e a participação da metaloproteinase de matriz (MMP-9) nesta mineralização em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) tratadas ou não com atenolol. Ratas SHR e normotensas Wistar foram tratadas com atenolol (100mg/Kg/dia, via oral) durante os períodos de prenhez e lactação. Os grupos controle receberam o mesmo volume de água sem atenolol. O fluxo salivar, induzido por nitrato de pilocarpina, a concentração de proteínas (método de Lowry), a atividade da amilase (método cinético a 405 nm), o peso das glândulas salivares (parótidas, submandibulares e sublinguais), a microdureza do esmalte e da dentina de incisivos e molares e a expressão da MMP-9 (imonuperoxidase) no tecido dental foram comparados entre filhotes de ratas SHR e Wistar tratadas ou não com atenolol. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste estatístico mais adequado, paramétrico (ANOVA ou test t de Student’s) ou não paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis), sendo consideradas significativas as diferenças quando p<0,05. Filhotes SHR apresentaram menor fluxo salivar e concentração de proteínas do que filhotes Wistar, mas a atividade da amilase não foi diferente entre os grupos. O peso das glândulas salivares foi semelhante entre filhotes SHR e Wistar...
The objective of the present study was analyzed the salivary activity, the dental mineralization and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on this mineralization, in pups (30 days) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated, or not treated, with atenolol. Female SHR and normotensive Wistar rats were treated during pregnancy and lactation periods with Atenolol 100mg/Kg/day by oral administration. For the control group, the animals received the same water volume without the drug. The salivary flow rate (stimulated by pilocarpine injection), the protein concentration (Lowry method), salivary amylase activity (kinetic method at 405 nm), the weight of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual), the enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors and molars teeth and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) localization (imunoperoxidase) in dental tissue were compared between SHR and Wistar pups of female rats treated or not with atenolol. The results were analyzed by parametric (ANOVA or Student s tests) or non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests (p<0,05). The salivary flow rate and salivary protein concentration were reduced in SHR pups. There was no alteration in amylase activity between groups. The salivary glands weight was not different between SHR and Wistar pups either. Decreased enamel and dentin microhardness were observed in incisors and molar teeth of SHR pups. No alterations in MMP-9 positive staining were observed in predentin and odontoblasts of both groups, however the density of stained ameloblasts cells and external enamel surface were higher in incisors teeth of SHR pups. Atenolol-treated SHR and Wistar rats pups showed decrease in submandibular gland weight, in saliva s flow rate and protein concentration, but no alteration in amylase activity. Atenolol increased enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors teeth of SHR and...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

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Custódio, Analu Verçosa. „Procura do bóson de Higgs no canal de decaimento H → W+ W- →+ν-ν utilizando a técnica de elemento de matriz no experimento CMS do CERN“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7134.

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Nesta dissertação apresento as atividades que foram desenvolvidas durante o período de mestrado, que teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento da Técnica de Análise de dados através do Método de Elemento de Matriz (ME) para procura do Bóson de Higgs no experimento CMS. A proposta foi utilizar uma técnica de análise de dados relativamente nova, conhecida como Método do Elemento de Matriz (ME). Esta técnica foi desenvolvida e utilizada recentemente para aplicação na física do quark top nos experimentos D0 e CDF do Tevatron (FERMILAB). Entretanto, ainda não existem estudos envolvendo a aplicação da mesma para a física do Higgs no LHC. O método de ME foi aplicado na procura do Higgs no canal de decaimento H → W+ W- →+ν-ν, qual os estudos atuais apontam como sendo um dos canais com maior potencial de descoberta, principalmente nesta fase inicial em que a estatística ainda será muito limitada.
We present the activities that were developed during the Master, which aimed at the development of the data analysis technique using the Matrix Element Method (ME) in the Higgs boson search in the CMS experiment. The proposal was to use a data analysis technique relatively new known as Matrix Element Method (ME). This technique was developed and used recently for application in the top quark physics in D0 and CDF experiments at the Tevatron (Fermilab). However, there are no studies involving the use of it in the physics of the Higgs at the LHC. The ME method was applied in the Higgs boson search in the decay channel H → W+ W- →+ν-ν , which the current studies indicate as being one of the channels with the highest potential for discovery, especially at this early stage in which the statistic is still very limited.

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Theisen, Erik Bjørge. „Experimental Mueller Matrix Images of Liquid Crystalline Domains in Synthetic Clay Dispersions“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for fysikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14329.

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This report is a study of how polarized light can improve our understandings of physical phenomena, such as local organization of anisometric nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid.The first part of the thesis considers the theoretical aspects of polarized light. The Maxwell's equations are considered together with the Stokes formalism and the Mueller matrix. The Mueller matrix is analyzed in depth by looking at different ways it can be decomposed into several matrices, each clearly representing the physical phenomena of depolarization, diattenuation and retardance. The physics behind the phenomena will then be shortly addressed.The second part of the thesis describes the Mueller Matrix Imaging (MMI) ellipsometer, developed in the Applied Optics Group at NTNU. The results of Mueller imaging of air will be presented and discussed in order to get more understanding of the ellipsometer.The third and main part of the thesis, focuses on applying the MMI ellipsometer in order to study complex phenomena in clay dispersion. By looking at the development of samples of aqueous clay dispersions, the creation of different phases will be recorded. Some of those phases have crystalline properties and a Mueller matrix imaging can reveal much about its structure. A decomposition of the Mueller matrix can tell even more about the properties of the phases.

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Cropper, Michael Evan. „Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Damping Matrix in Shear Building Models“. NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03282006-113719/.

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In this thesis, we present a study conducted on investigating the nature of damping matrix associated with multi degree of freedom simple shear building models. The various conventional methods of creating damping matrices in structures are summarized and numerical examples are used to illustrate the inconsistencies among them. Numerical examples are also used to illustrate the significance of non-zero off diagonal terms in the transformed damping matrix obtained after pre and post multiplication with mode shape matrix, i.e. the significance of non-classical nature of damping matrix in certain cases. The analytical study is followed by the description of a laboratory experiment that is developed to evaluate the validity of analytical results. The results from experimental studies of simple 2-DOF and 3-DOF shear building models, both with and without supplemental damping devices, are presented to validate the inconsistencies associated with the conventional methods of creating damping matrices in structures. It is also shown that the incorrect formulation of damping matrix results in highly incorrect responses. Several formulations for damping matrices are then proposed and their validity is evaluated by comparison with experimental results.

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Gonçalves, Flavia. „Influência do conteúdo inorgânico e da composição da matriz resinosa no desenvolvimento de tensões de polimerização em compósitos experimentais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-03072010-100616/.

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Objetivo: avaliar a relação de dependência da tensão de polimerização (TP), grau de conversão (GC), taxa máxima de reação de polimerização (Rpmax), contração volumétrica (CV), módulo de elasticidade (E) e tangente de delta (tan) com o conteúdo inorgânico e proporção de BisGMA:TEGDMA e verificar as possíveis relações de dependência entre a TP e as demais variáveis-resposta. Material e métodos: Foram preparadas vinte formulações, com concentrações de carga de 40, 50, 60 ou 70 % em peso de vidro de bário e proporções molares de BisGMA:TEGDMA de 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4 ou 7:3. TP (n=7) foi determinada pela inserção do compósito entre bastões de acrílico fixados às garras de uma máquina universal de ensaios e dividindo-se a máxima força de contração registrada pela secção transversal dos bastões. GC e Rpmax foram determinados por espectroscopia no infra-vermelho próximo (n=5). CV foi mensurada em dilatômetro de mercúrio (n=3). E foi obtido através do teste de flexão em três pontos (n=10). Tan foi determinada por nanoidentação dinâmica (n=3). Foram realizadas análises de regressão para avaliar a influência da fração inorgânica e da proporção monomérica nas variáveis estudadas e para avaliar o efeito das variáveis-resposta na determinação da TP. Resultados: Todas as variáveis se mostraram dependentes da concentração inorgânica e conteúdo monomérico. TP, GC e Rpmax foram mais influenciados pela matriz, enquanto que CV, E e tan apresentaram maior efeito da concentração de carga. TP mostrou-se dependente dos fatores CV e GC. Conclusões: a formulação de compósitos com baixa TP deve observar criteriosamente a fração inorgânica e o conteúdo monomérico, sendo o principal desafio encontrar formulações com baixa CV, uma vez que os demais fatores demonstraram não ter influência significativa e o GC do material não deve ser sacrificado com o propósito de reduzir a TP.
Objective: To evaluate the dependence relationship of polymerization stress (PS), degree of conversion (DC), maximum polymerization rate (Rpmax), volumetric shrinkage (VS), elastic modulus (E) and loss tangent (tan) with the inorganic content and BisGMA:TEGDMA ratio and verify possible relationship among PS and the others variables. Materials and Methods: twenty resin composites were studied, having barium glass concentration of 40, 50, 60 or 70 wt% and BisGMA:TEGDMA molar ratio of 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4 or 7:3. PS (n=7) was determined inserting the composite between acrylic rods fixed to clamps of an universal test machine and dividing the maximum load recorded by the rods cross-sectional area. DC and Rpmax were determined by near infrared spectroscopy in real time (n=5). VS was measured by mercury dilatometer (n=3). E was obtained by three-point bending test (n=10). Tan was determined by dynamic nanoindentation (n=3). Regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of inorganic content and monomeric ratio on studied variables and to evaluate the effect of the variables on the polymerization stress development. Results: All variables showed dependence on inorganic concentration and monomeric content. PS, DC and Rpmax were more affected by resin matrix whereas VS, E and Tan were more strongly influenced by filler fraction. PS was dependent on both volumetric shrinkage and degree of conversion. Conclusions: in order to obtain composites formulations which provide low polymerization, the inorganic concentration and monomeric contend have to be carefully observed. The main challenge is to design formulations with low VS since the others factors apparently do not have significance and PS should not come at the expense of DC.

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Bezerra, Mailze Campos. „Remodelamento da pele semelhante à esclerodermia induzido pelo colágeno tipo V“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5145/tde-20022009-150113/.

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Recentemente, descobrimos que coelhos, Nova Zelândia, imunizados com colágeno tipo V humano mais adjuvante de Freund apresentavam fibrose e vasculite de órgãos normalmente afetados na esclerose sistêmica. Deste modo, nós estudamos o processo de fibrilogênese para identificar possíveis fatores envolvidos na alteração do remodelamento observado neste modelo de esclerodermia. Adicionalmente, fizemos uma comparação preliminar com pele humana obtida de pacientes com esclerodermia (n=3). Coelhos fêmeas, Nova Zelândia (n=14), foram imunizados subcutaneamente com duas doses de 1mg de colágeno V mais adjuvante completo de Freund, com intervalo de 30 dias, seguido de duas imunizações em adjuvante incompleto de Freund, via intramuscular, com intervalo de 15 dias. Os animais do grupo controle (n- 14) foram inoculados somente com adjuvante completo e incompleto de Freund, nas mesmas condições dos imunizados. Foram realizadas análises histológicas das peles dos animais e pacientes através da coloração com tricrômico de Masson e imunofluorescêcia, a fim de detectar fibras de colágeno e interação dos colágenos I, III e V. A análise da pele dos animais demonstrou depósito precoce de fibras de colágeno na derme após 7 dias da sensibilização, com aumento destes depósitos após 75 e 120 dias respectivamente. Depósito de colágeno na pele e atrofia de anexos foram mais intensos nos animais sacrificados em 120 dias e se correlacionaram com a quantidade aumentada de colágeno. Surpreendentemente, o colágeno V foi expresso em animais e pacientes, formando fibras densas e atípicas na derme. Sugerimos que esta expressão anômala de colágeno V, morfologicamente diferente, possa justificar o remodelamento observado na placa esclerodérmica
Recently, we discovered that New Zealand rabbits immunized with human type V collagen plus Freund`s adjuvant presented fibrosis and vasculitis of organs usually affected in systemic sclerosis. In this way, we studied the fibrillogenesis process regarding to identify any possible factor involved in altered remodeling observed in this scleroderma-like model. Additionally, we done a very preliminary comparison with human skins obtained from scleroderma patients (N=3). Female New Zealand rabbits (N=14) were immunized subcutaneously with two doses of 1mg collagen V plus complete Freunds adjuvant at a 30 days interval, followed by two additional intramuscular booster immunizations in incomplete Freunds adjuvant at a 15-day interval. Animals from control group (N=14), were only inoculated with complete and incomplete Freunds adjuvant given at same conditions of collagen type V group. Histological analysis of skins from animals and patients were done by Massons trichrome staining, and immunofluorescence method used to detect collagen fibers and interactions of types I, III and V collagen in the remodeling process. The analysis of animal skins showed precocious collagen fibril deposits in the dermis after 7 days of immunization and increase of this process in 75 and 120 days. Skin collagen deposit and atrophy of annexes were progressively more intense in late sacrificed animals and correlated with increased amount of collagen deposition. Surprisingly, type V collagen was over expressed both in animals and patients, forming dense and atypical collagen fibers in the dermis. We suggest that this anomalous expression of morphologically different type V collagen could justify the remodeling observed in scleroderma plaque

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Halverson, Howard Gerhard. „Improving fatigue life predictions : theory and experiment on unidirectional and crossply polymer matrix composites /“. Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063445/.

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Coscas, Raphaël. „Remodelage vasculaire dans les modèles expérimentaux d'anévrysme de l'aorte abdominale“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV025/document.

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La physiopathologie de l’anévrysme de l’aorte abdominale (AAA) est complexe. Elle implique notamment des facteurs hémodynamiques, une protéolyse matricielle, un stress oxydatif et une réaction immune. Des modèles expérimentaux ont été mis au point pour explorer les mécanismes impliqués dans la genèse et la croissance des AAAs. Dans ce travail, nous explorons le rôle de ces modèles dans la compréhension du remodelage vasculaire des AAAs. Dans une première partie, une revue de la littérature sur les modèles expérimentaux d’AAA est menée. Dans une seconde partie, nous explorons l’origine et le rôle des calcifications des AAAs expérimentaux. Dans une troisième partie, le modèle de xénogreffe aortique décellularisée est utilisé pour étudier le rôle de l’immunité adaptative dans la rupture. Notre revue identifie les principaux modèles d’AAA. Leur limite majeure est la survenue d’une cicatrisation empêchant l’évolution vers la rupture. Notre exploration des calcifications anévrysmales retrouve une co-localisation des calcifications avec de l’ADN libre et un modèle expérimental démontre la capacité de l’ADN libre à induire des calcifications. La croissance anévrysmale est toutefois ralentie par les calcifications. Notre étude sur le modèle de xénogreffe décellularisée retrouve la possibilité d’induire une rupture lorsqu’une pré-sensibilisation contre la matrice extracellulaire est réalisée. Les glycoprotéines de structure et les protéoglycanes semblent être les composants matriciels en cause dans ces ruptures. Les modèles expérimentaux constituent des outils majeurs pour l’étude des mécanismes impliqués dans le remodelage vasculaire des AAAs
Pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is complex. It mainly involves hemodynamics, matrix proteolysis, oxidative stress and an immune reaction. Several experimental models have been described to explore mechanisms involved in this disease. In the present work, we explore the role of experimental models in AAA vascular remodeling. First, a literature review regarding experimental models of AAA is performed. Second, we explore the origin and the role of calcifications observed in experimental models. Third, the decellularized xenograft model is used to study the role of adaptive immunity in triggering rupture. Our review identifies main AAA models. Their major limit is aortic healing, preventing evolution toward rupture. We find that AAA calcifications co-localized with free DNA and that free DNA could induce calcifications experimentally. However, AAA growth is decreased by calcifications. The decellularized xenograft model can evolve toward rupture when pre-sensitization against the extracellular matrix is performed. Structural glycoproteins and proteoglycans seems to be the main matrix component involved in these ruptures. Experimental AAA models are major tools to study mechanisms involved in vascular remodeling

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Melo, Paola Mejia, Ramos Alexander Linares, Gary Duran Ramirez und Jose Luis Cardenas Guillen. „Experimental evaluation of matrix suction and shear resistance of partially saturated sandy clay“. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656563.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
At present, the construction of highways in Andean areas the connect the various most important towns and cities in South America has become has become a key element for its development, since these routes and viaducts allow free access to cover basic needs of education, work, food and health of the population. Much of the land in these areas is clay soils whose behavior is quite unpredictable because they present abrupt volume changes according to the variation of saturation in the soil. People who travel on roads on slopes of this type of soil are at high risk due to the slippage that the slopes suffer each year. The most recent was on April 3, 2020 because of the heavy rainfall that was registered in the area; there was a landslide that affected communication channels in the department of Cajamarca in Peru [1]. In this type of slopes landslides occur when the clayey soil is specifically saturated, because under these conditions the soil is not stable and loses cohesion between its particles, therefore it is important to make slope stability studies taking into account the partially saturated soil. This article presents results of tests allow to recognize the physical characteristics of the clay soil in the province of Chepén in Cajamarca. In addition, the filter paper method is used to elaborate the soil-water characteristic curve and a series of direct shear tests are carried cut at different degrees of saturation. With these results, the partially saturate soil fault surface is constructed that allows visualizing the value of the shear stress of the soil according to the saturation to which it is subjected. This value will be important for calculating the safety factor that the slope floor must have of the resistance shear of the soil according to the saturation, this value will be important for the calculation of the safety factor that the floor of the slope must have so that it does not fall. Therefore, considering this condition of the partially saturated soil in the slope stability analysis provides values of the safety factor that are closer to reality, without the need to carry out the analysis in the most critical condition, such as what it done in classical soil mechanics.

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Halverson, Howard Gerhard. „Durability of Ceramic Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures: Experimental Studies and Predictive Modeling“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27834.

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In this work, the deformation and strength of an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite system under stress-rupture conditions were studied both experimentally and analytically. A rupture model for unidirectional composites which incorporates fiber strength statistics, fiber degradation, and matrix damage was derived. The model is based on a micromechanical analysis of the stress state in a fiber near a matrix crack and includes the effects of fiber pullout and global load sharing from broken to unbroken fibers. The parameters required to produce the deformation and lifetime predictions can all be obtained independently of stress-rupture testing through quasi-static tension tests and tests on the individual composite constituents. Thus the model is truly predictive in nature. The predictions from the model were compared to the results of an extensive experimental program. The model captures the trends in steady-state creep and tertiary creep but the lifetime predictions are extremely conservative. The model was further extended to the behavior of cross-ply or woven materials through the use of numeric representations of the fiber stresses as the fibers bridge matrix cracks. Comparison to experiments on woven materials demonstrated the relationship between the behavior of the unidirectional and cross-ply geometries. Finally, an empirical method for predicting the durability of materials which exhibit multiple damage modes is examined and compared to results of accurate Monte Carlo simulations. Such an empirical method is necessary for the durability analysis of large structural members with varying stress and temperature fields over individual components. These analyses typically require the use of finite element methods, but the extensive computations required in micromechanical models render them impractical. The simple method examined in this work, however, is shown to have applicability only over a narrow range of material properties.
Ph. D.

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