Dissertationen: „Mathematical principles“

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Vigo, Ronaldo. „Mathematical principles of Boolean concept learning“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319897.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Cognitive Science, 2008.
Title from home page (viewed on May 13, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 5073. Advisers: Colin Allen; John Kruschke.

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Bhaumik, (Mitra) Sudeshna. „Some mathematical principles in Indian philosophy: a philosophical study“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/91.

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3

Elderfield, James Alexander David. „Using epidemiological principles and mathematical models to understand fungicide resistance evolution“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275061.

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The use of agricultural fungicides exerts very strong selection pressures on plant pathogens. This can lead to the spread of fungicide resistance in the pathogen population, which leads to a reduction in efficacy of disease control and loss of yield. In this thesis, we use mathematical modelling to investigate how the spread of fungicide resistant pathogen strains can be slowed, using epidemiological models to understand how application strategies can be optimised. A range of different fungicide application strategies have been proposed as anti-resistance strategies. Two of the most often considered strategies rely on combining two fungicides with different modes of action. The first involves spraying the two fungicides at the same time (mixture) and the second spraying them alternately at different times (alternation). These strategies have been compared both experimentally and by mathematical modellers for decades, but no firm conclusion as to which is better has been reached, although mixtures have in general often been favoured. We use mathematical models of septoria leaf blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) on winter wheat and powdery mildew on grapevine (Erysiphe necator) to investigate the relative performance of these two strategies. We show that depending on the exact way in which the strategies are compared and the exact case, either strategy can be the more effective. However, when aiming to optimise yield in the long-term, we show that mixtures are very likely to be the most effective strategy in any given case. The structure of mathematical models clearly impacts on the conclusions of those models. As well as investigating the sensitivity of our conclusions to the structure of the models, we use a range of nested models to isolate mechanisms driving the differential performance of fungicide mixtures and alternation. Although the fine detail of a model’s predictions depends on its exact structure, we find a number of conserved patterns. In particular we find no case in which mixtures do not produce the overall largest yield over the time for which the fungicide remains effective. We also investigate the effects of the timing of an individual fungicide spray on its contribution toward resistance development and disease control. A set of so-called “governing principles” to understand the performance of resistance-management strategies was recently introduced by van den Bosch et al., formalising concepts from earlier literature. These quantify selection rates by examining the difference between the growth rates of fungicide-sensitive and fungicide resistant pathogen strains. Throughout the thesis, we concentrate on the extent to which these governing principles can be used to explain the relative performance of the resistance-management strategies that are considered.

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Rubido, Nicolás. „Mathematical principles behind the transmission of energy and synchronisation in complex networks“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215563.

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Understanding how the transmission of energy between the providers (such as nuclear power stations, renewable resources, or any type of supplying entity) and the consumers (such as factories, homes, or any type of demanding entity) depends on the structure of the inter-connections between them and on their dynamical be- haviour, is of paramount importance for the design of power-grid systems that are resilient to failures, e.g., failures due to structural modifications or energy fluctu- ations. In this thesis, we derive the implicit relationship between structure and behaviour that flow and power networks have, namely, the mathematical principles behind the transmission of energy in complex networks. From our novel derivations, we determine exact and approximate strategies to create self-controlled and stable systems (i.e., resilient to failures without the need for external controllers) that have an optimal (i.e., with less cost and power dissipation) and smart (i.e., allowing the decentralisation of large power-stations to smaller fluctuating renewable resources) energy distribution. Moreover, not only we achieve analytical solutions for problems that usually require a numerical analysis, but we also propose a change in the analy- sis view-point of complex systems, namely, systems composed of many dynamically interacting units forming a network. We show that in order to explain the emer- gent behaviour in these systems, instead of focusing on the network structure of the interactions, we should focus on the functional form of the interactions. In particu- lar, we derive a general framework to study the existence and stability of emergent collective behaviour in networks of interacting phase-oscillators, namely, the math- ematical principles behind the synchronisation in complex networks. The numerous breakthrough results in this thesis are expected to be of aid for engineers to design smarter and more resilient power-grid systems, as well as to scientists dealing with emergence of collective behaviour in complex systems.

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Schumacher, Linus J. „A mathematical exploration of principles of collective cell migration and self-organisation“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bba68d2c-352b-4310-89c2-b9049b70515c.

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This thesis explores the role of collective cell migration and self-organisation in the development of the embryo and in vitro tissue formation through mathematical and computational approaches. We consider how population heterogeneity, microenvironmental signals and cell-cell interactions facilitate cells to collectively organise and navigate, with the aim to work towards uncovering general rules and principles, rather than delving into the microscopic molecular details. To ensure the biological relevance of our results, we collaborate closely with experimental biologists working on two model systems. First, to understand how neural crest cells obtain directionality, maintain persistence and specialise during their migration, we use computational simulations in parallel with imaging of chick embryos under genetic and surgical perturbations. We show how only a few cells adopting a leader state that enables them to read out chemical signals can lead a population of cells in a follower state over long distances in the embryo. Furthermore, we devise and test an improved mechanism of how cells dynamically switch between leader and follower states in the presence of a chemoattractant gradient. Our computational work guides the choice of new experiments, aids in their interpretation and probes hypotheses in ways the experiments can not. Secondly, to study the self-organisation of mouse skin cells in vitro, we draw on aggregation processes and scaling theory. Dermal and epidermal cells, after being dissociated and mixed, can reconstitute functional (transplantable and hair-growing) skin in culture. Using kinetic aggregation models and scaling analysis we show that the initial clustering of epidermal cells can be described by Smoluchowski coagulation, consistent with the dynamics of the "clustering clusters" universality class. Then, we investigate a potential mechanism for the size-regulation of cell aggregates during the later stages of the skin reconstitution process. Our analysis shows the extent to which this tissue formation follows a single physical process and when the transition to different dynamics occurs, which may be triggered by cellular biochemical changes.

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Hulshof, Ana Vitoria Joly. „Interactive television for young children : developing design principles“. Thesis, University of Brighton, 2010. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c20c561b-b374-460d-b48b-66ec3cc58729.

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The research reported in this thesis investigates preschoolers‟ interactions with interactive television applications. The study involved the development of an electronic programme guide prototype and the empirical evaluation thereof. There were three main aims. The first aim was to analyse children‟s interactions and illustrate them in a framework to further understanding of the way preschoolers interact with the television. The second aim was to contribute design principles for preschool interactive television and the third aim was to refine methods and add to the knowledge of design and evaluation techniques involving young children.

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Voisei, Mircea Dan. „First-order necessary optimality conditions for nonlinar optimal control problems“. Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1091111473.

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8

Tzou, Leo. „Linear and nonlinear analysis and applications to mathematical physics /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5761.

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Böhm, Ulrike, Gesche Pospiech, Hermann Körndle und Susanne Narciss. „Physicists use mathematics to describe physical principles an mathematicians use physical phenomena to illustrate mathematical formula - Do they really mean the same?“ Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-82341.

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Chou, Chia-Peng. „A mathematical model of building daylighting based on first principles of astrometry, solid geometry and optical radiation transfer“. Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82904.

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There is a growing recognition in design professions that lighting is a significant factor in energy consideration. This has generated an interest in daylighting; the bringing of direct and diffuse daylight into buildings to reduce the use of artificial lighting. Many methods exist for quantifying diffuse daylight distribution for use in the design of buildings, but the methods vary widely both in technique and capability. Moreover, no present method deals with direct daylight (sunshine) distribution. Additionally, none have taken advantage of improvements in computer technology that make feasible more complex mathematical computational models for dealing with direct and diffuse daylight together. This dissertation describes the theoretical development and computer implementation of a new mathematical approach to analyzing the distribution of direct and diffuse daylight. This approach examines light transfer from extraterrestrial space to the inside of a room based on the principles of astrometry, solid geometry, and radiation transfer. This study discusses and analyzes certain aspects critical to develop a mathematical model for evaluating daylight performance and compares the results of the proposed model with 48 scale model studies to determine the validity of using this mathematical model to predict the daylight distribution of a room. Subsequent analysis revealed no significant variation between scale model studies and this computer simulation. Consequently, this mathematical model with the attendant computer program, has demonstrated the ability to predict direct and diffuse daylight distribution. Thus, this approach does indeed have the potential for allowing designers to predict the effect of daylight performance in the schematic design stage. A microcomputer program has been developed to calculate the diffuse daylight distribution. The computation procedures of the program use the proposed mathematical model method. The program was developed with a menu-driven format, where the input data can be easily chosen, stored, and changed to determine the effects of different parameters. Results can be obtained through two formats. One data format provides complete material for analyzing the aperture size and location, glass transmission, reflectance factors, and room orientation. The other provides the graphic displays which represent the illuminance in plan, section, and 3-dimensional contour. The program not only offers a design tool for determining the effects of various daylighting options quickly and accurately in the early design stage, but also presents the daylight distribution with less explanation and with more rapid communication with the clients. The program is written in BASICA language and can be used with the IBM microcomputer system.
Ph. D.

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Grosfils, Aline. „First principles and black box modelling of biological systems“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210677.

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Living cells and their components play a key role within biotechnology industry. Cell cultures and their products of interest are used for the design of vaccines as well as in the agro-alimentary field. In order to ensure optimal working of such bioprocesses, the understanding of the complex mechanisms which rule them is fundamental. Mathematical models may be helpful to grasp the biological phenomena which intervene in a bioprocess. Moreover, they allow prediction of system behaviour and are frequently used within engineering tools to ensure, for instance, product quality and reproducibility.

Mathematical models of cell cultures may come in various shapes and be phrased with varying degrees of mathematical formalism. Typically, three main model classes are available to describe the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of such biological systems. They consist of macroscopic models which only describe the main phenomena appearing in a culture. Indeed, a high model complexity may lead to long numerical computation time incompatible with engineering tools like software sensors or controllers. The first model class is composed of the first principles or white box models. They consist of the system of mass balances for the main species (biomass, substrates, and products of interest) involved in a reaction scheme, i.e. a set of irreversible reactions which represent the main biological phenomena occurring in the considered culture. Whereas transport phenomena inside and outside the cell culture are often well known, the reaction scheme and associated kinetics are usually a priori unknown, and require special care for their modelling and identification. The second kind of commonly used models belongs to black box modelling. Black boxes consider the system to be modelled in terms of its input and output characteristics. They consist of mathematical function combinations which do not allow any physical interpretation. They are usually used when no a priori information about the system is available. Finally, hybrid or grey box modelling combines the principles of white and black box models. Typically, a hybrid model uses the available prior knowledge while the reaction scheme and/or the kinetics are replaced by a black box, an Artificial Neural Network for instance.

Among these numerous models, which one has to be used to obtain the best possible representation of a bioprocess? We attempt to answer this question in the first part of this work. On the basis of two simulated bioprocesses and a real experimental one, two model kinds are analysed. First principles models whose reaction scheme and kinetics can be determined thanks to systematic procedures are compared with hybrid model structures where neural networks are used to describe the kinetics or the whole reaction term (i.e. kinetics and reaction scheme). The most common artificial neural networks, the MultiLayer Perceptron and the Radial Basis Function network, are tested. In this work, pure black box modelling is however not considered. Indeed, numerous papers already compare different neural networks with hybrid models. The results of these previous studies converge to the same conclusion: hybrid models, which combine the available prior knowledge with the neural network nonlinear mapping capabilities, provide better results.

From this model comparison and the fact that a physical kinetic model structure may be viewed as a combination of basis functions such as a neural network, kinetic model structures allowing biological interpretation should be preferred. This is why the second part of this work is dedicated to the improvement of the general kinetic model structure used in the previous study. Indeed, in spite of its good performance (largely due to the associated systematic identification procedure), this kinetic model which represents activation and/or inhibition effects by every culture component suffers from some limitations: it does not explicitely address saturation by a culture component. The structure models this kind of behaviour by an inhibition which compensates a strong activation. Note that the generalization of this kinetic model is a challenging task as physical interpretation has to be improved while a systematic identification procedure has to be maintained.

The last part of this work is devoted to another kind of biological systems: proteins. Such macromolecules, which are essential parts of all living organisms and consist of combinations of only 20 different basis molecules called amino acids, are currently used in the industrial world. In order to allow their functioning in non-physiological conditions, industrials are open to modify protein amino acid sequence. However, substitutions of an amino acid by another involve thermodynamic stability changes which may lead to the loss of the biological protein functionality. Among several theoretical methods predicting stability changes caused by mutations, the PoPMuSiC (Prediction Of Proteins Mutations Stability Changes) program has been developed within the Genomic and Structural Bioinformatics Group of the Université Libre de Bruxelles. This software allows to predict, in silico, changes in thermodynamic stability of a given protein under all possible single-site mutations, either in the whole sequence or in a region specified by the user. However, PoPMuSiC suffers from limitations and should be improved thanks to recently developed techniques of protein stability evaluation like the statistical mean force potentials of Dehouck et al. (2006). Our work proposes to enhance the performances of PoPMuSiC by the combination of the new energy functions of Dehouck et al. (2006) and the well known artificial neural networks, MultiLayer Perceptron or Radial Basis Function network. This time, we attempt to obtain models physically interpretable thanks to an appropriate use of the neural networks.

Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Levy, Nina Hannah. „Modelling multi-directional behaviour of piles using energy principles“. University of Western Australia. Dept. of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0211.

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The loads applied to pile foundations installed offshore vary greatly from those encountered onshore, with more substantial lateral and torsional loads. For combined axial and lateral loading the current design practice involves applying an axial load to a deep foundation and assessing the pile behaviour and then considering a lateral load separately. For the problem of an altering directions of lateral loads (e.g. due to changes in the wind directions acting on offshore wind turbines) a clear design procedure is not available. There is thus a need for a clearly established methodology to effectively introduce the interaction between the four different loading directions (two lateral, one axial and one torsional). In this thesis, a model is presented that introduces a series of Winkler elasto-plastic elements coupled between the different directions via local interaction yield surfaces along the pile. The energy based method that is used allows the soil-pile system to be defined explicitly using two equations: the energy potential and the dissipation potential. One of the most interesting applications of this model is to piles subjected to a change in lateral loading direction, where the loading history can significantly influence the pile behaviour. This effect was verified by a series of experimental tests, undertaken using the Geotechnical Centrifuge at UWA. The same theory was then applied to cyclic loading in two dimensions, leading to some very useful conclusions regarding shakedown behaviour. A theoretically based relationship was applied to the local yielding behaviour for a pile subjected to a combination of lateral and axial loading, allowing predictions to be made of the influence of load inclination on the pile behaviour. The ability of this model to represent interaction between four degrees of freedom allows a more realistic approach to be taken to this problem than that considered in current design practice.

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El, Moueddeb Khaled. „Principles of energy and momentum conservation to analyze and model air flow for perforated ventilation ducts“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42024.

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A theoretical model was developed to predict the air distribution pattern and thus to design perforated ventilation ducts equipped with a fan. The analysis of the air distribution pattern of such systems requires accurate measurement procedures. Several experimental methods were tested and compared. Accordingly, the piezometric flush taps and thermo-anemometer were selected to measure respectively the duct air pressure and the outlet air flow.
Based on the equations of energy and momentum conservation, a model was formulated to predict the air flow performance of perforated ventilation ducts and to evaluate the outlet discharge angle and the duct regain coefficients without evaluating frictional losses. The basic assumptions of the model were validated by experimentally proving the equivalence of the friction losses expressed in the 2 cited equations. When compared to experimental results measured from four wooden perforated ventilation ducts with aperture ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, the model predicted the outlet air flow along the full length of perforated duct operated under turbulent flow conditions with a maximum error of 9%. The regain coefficient and the energy correction factor were equal to one, and the value of the discharge coefficient remained constant at 0.65, along the full length of the perforated duct. The outlet air jet discharge angle varied along the entire duct length, and was not influenced by friction losses for turbulent flow.
Assuming a common effective outlet area, the model was extended to match the performance of the fan and the perforated duct and to determine their balance operating point.

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González, Flo Eva 1993. „Engineering living biomedical devices : Mathematical and experimental tools for the rational design of cellular devices“. Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670358.

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The engineering of biology strives on the creation of biological devices concerning society-impact applications. In this PhD thesis, we developed mathematical and experimental tools for the standard and rational design of living devices for biomedical purposes, offering robust and reliable responses. By breaking-up cellular device complexity into functional modules, we have analysed how extracellular information is detected, processed and transformed thanks to re-engineering intrinsic cellular components. We show how the desired range of action of a biosensor could be tuned by modifying the relative levels from two-component receptors’ biosensors. Regarding information processing, combining multicellularity and space permits to develop a 2D multi-branch approach inspired from printed electronics, allowing to perform logic computation by transferring device complexity into the geometrical arrangement. Sensing and processing capabilities have been applied as a proof-of-concept for the design of cellular devices for Diabetes Mellitus. Treating the cellular device closed-loop response as the fourth-functional module allowed to in silico decipher device characteristics on glycaemia regulation and design novel strategies based on dietary modulation, putting the manifest the need to combine both experimental and computational tools for living device application-based designs.
L’aplicació de principis d’enginyeria en biologia permet somniar en l’ús de dispositius biològics per abordar problemes de la societat. Concretament, en aquesta tesi doctoral, s’ha abordat el disseny de dispositius biològics per aplicacions biomèdiques mitjançant la combinació d’eines experimentals i computacionals. La creació d’aquests dispositius demana d’un disseny racional que ofereixi respostes robustes i fiables. L’estudi de la creació de dispositius biològics s’ha fet seguint una aproximació modular, on s’ha analitzat com es poden re-enginyeritzar components cel·lulars per obtenir una resposta que s’adeqüi a l’aplicació requerida. Hem demostrat com podem modular el rang de detecció de la capa sensora a través de la modulació de l’element receptor de sensors bastats en dos components. Hem analitzat com integrar informació de diferents fonts de manera sistemàtica i robusta introduint com a nou element de computació l’espai i la divisió de tasques; tot desenvolupant un marc teòric i validant experimentalment per un seguit de funcions lògiques. Finalment, hem desenvolupat dispositius biològics que responen a molècules fisiològiques. Concretament, hem abordat el disseny de dispositius biològics pel tractament de la Diabetes Mellitus. Una primera validació experimental ens ha permès establir l’ús d’aquests dispositius in vitro. Seguidament, hem aprofundit en l’estudi de la seva aplicació mitjançant l’ús d’un simulador de pacient diabètic que ens ha permès el seu tractament virtual i l’anàlisi de les característiques del dispositiu per la regulació de la glicèmia. Finalment, hem explorat com la combinació dels dispositius cel·lulars amb la regulació del patró d’ingestes introdueix millores en els nivells de glucosa en sang. Posant de manifest el potencial que ofereix la creació d’una plataforma hibrida pel disseny de dispositius cel·lulars per una determinada aplicació.

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Hendrickson, Eric B. „Morphologically simplified conductance based neuron models: principles of construction and use in parameter optimization“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33905.

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The dynamics of biological neural networks are of great interest to neuroscientists and are frequently studied using conductance-based compartmental neuron models. For speed and ease of use, neuron models are often reduced in morphological complexity. This reduction may affect input processing and prevent the accurate reproduction of neural dynamics. However, such effects are not yet well understood. Therefore, for my first aim I analyzed the processing capabilities of 'branched' or 'unbranched' reduced models by collapsing the dendritic tree of a morphologically realistic 'full' globus pallidus neuron model while maintaining all other model parameters. Branched models maintained the original detailed branching structure of the full model while the unbranched models did not. I found that full model responses to somatic inputs were generally preserved by both types of reduced model but that branched reduced models were better able to maintain responses to dendritic inputs. However, inputs that caused dendritic sodium spikes, for instance, could not be accurately reproduced by any reduced model. Based on my analyses, I provide recommendations on how to construct reduced models and indicate suitable applications for different levels of reduction. In particular, I recommend that unbranched reduced models be used for fast searches of parameter space given somatic input output data. The intrinsic electrical properties of neurons depend on the modifiable behavior of their ion channels. Obtaining a quality match between recorded voltage traces and the output of a conductance based compartmental neuron model depends on accurate estimates of the kinetic parameters of the channels in the biological neuron. Indeed, mismatches in channel kinetics may be detectable as failures to match somatic neural recordings when tuning model conductance densities. In my first aim, I showed that this is a task for which unbranched reduced models are ideally suited. Therefore, for my second aim I optimized unbranched reduced model parameters to match three experimentally characterized globus pallidus neurons by performing two stages of automated searches. In the first stage, I set conductance densities free and found that even the best matches to experimental data exhibited unavoidable problems. I hypothesized that these mismatches were due to limitations in channel model kinetics. To test this hypothesis, I performed a second stage of searches with free channel kinetics and observed decreases in the mismatches from the first stage. Additionally, some kinetic parameters consistently shifted to new values in multiple cells, suggesting the possibility for tailored improvements to channel models. Given my results and the potential for cell specific modulation of channel kinetics, I recommend that experimental kinetic data be considered as a starting point rather than as a gold standard for the development of neuron models.

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Banerji, Anashua [Verfasser], und Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Eils. „A quantitative analysis of hepcidin promoter regulation using mathematical modelling techniques to reveal principles underlying systemic iron homeostasis / Anashua Banerji ; Betreuer: Roland Eils“. Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1179924940/34.

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Thompson, Kent M. „The relationship between mathematical leadership skills and the mathematics achievement of elementary students“. Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1095430511&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tabb, Jeremiah R. „Using wavelets and principle components analysis to model data from simulated sheet forming processes“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10146.

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Venskus, Artūras. „Prisitaikančių konstrukcijų optimizavimas. Sąsajos su projektavimo standartais“. Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110623_163527-78022.

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Disertaciniame darbe išplėtota vieninga tamprių-plastinių prisitaikančių sistemų optimizavimo su stiprumo, standumo ir klumpamosios galios sąlygomis, taikant ekstreminius energinius principus, matematinio programavimo teoriją, šiuolaikines kompiuterines technologijas ir sąsajas su projektavimo standartais, metodika. Darbe parodyta, kad prisitaikomumo teorija yra bendriausias metodinis įrankis skirtas statybinių konstrukcijų skaičiavimui nuo įvairių apkrovų, įgalinantis išvengti detalios apkrovimo istorijos nagrinėjimo. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, penkeri skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir keturi priedai. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos ir pranešimų konferencijose sąrašas bei disertacijos struktūra. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas literatūros apžvalgai. Jame atlikta prisitaikančių konstrukcijų optimizavimo metodų apžvalga, išryškinta būtinybė pasitelkti sąsajas tarp teorinių optimizavimo metodų ir projektavimo standartų. Antrajame skyriuje aptariama konstrukcijų diskretizacija, sudaryti patobulinti projektinio ir patikrinamojo uždavinių matematiniai modeliai. Trečiajame skyriuje parodyta sąsaja tarp statybos inžinerijoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The optimization methodology of shakedow structures evaluating strength, stiffness and stability constraints and unifying extremum energy principles, mathematical programming theory, stat-of-the-art computer technologies and design standards was developed in the dissertation. There are shown in the work that shakedown theory is a generalized tool for calculation of civil engineering structures under different loading conditions that avoid detailed investigation of loading history. The dissertation consists of six parts including Introduction, 5 chapters, Conclusions, References and 4 Annexes. The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the paper, research methodology, scientific novelty, the practical significance of results examined in the paper and defended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation, offering the material of made presentations in conferences and defining the structure of the dissertation. Chapter 1 revises used literature. The optimization methods of shakedown structures are reviewed and a demand of linkage between theoretical optimization methods and standards is highlighted. Chapter 2 describes the discretization of structures, the mathematical models for improved design and check problems was created. In the Chapter 3 the equivalence between load combinations of civil engineering... [to full text]

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Silva, Carlos Antônio da. „Introdução ao conceito de integral de funções polinomiais em um curso de Engenharia de Produção por meio de tarefas fundamentais em princípios da Modelagem Matemática“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10960.

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This thesis has as research object to analyze the difficulties and the meanings for students of a course in Production Engineering, through a sequence of tasks using calculation of area measurements based on principles of mathematical modeling, as a resource facilitator in introducing the concept of integral polynomial functions. For the developing of such a sequence we started from geometric figures supposedly known to students in order to lead them to the definition of integral. The research had two directions: theoretical and empirical. The first was developed by documentary studies that provided historical information on engineering courses, especially the Production Engineering. Recent results of research in mathematics education show the potential use of Principles of Mathematical Modeling in teaching. The empirical research was based on these principles as an approach to teaching Calculus and was developed in two phases consisting of activity, each of which divided into two stages, one for solving tasks and another for the socialization of results. In the first phase were developed four activities that involved the exploitation of calculating measures of areas of figures to introduce the concept of integral. In the second, students performed eight activities about the involved ideas in the concept of integral, and modeling was explored in the last three. At this stage a differentiator was the performance of the first phase participants who returned now as observers in order to verify what actually was learned after a semester of implementation of tasks, watching younger colleagues perform similar activities to theirs. With this type of qualitative research - action research, we sought to provide students the meaning of the integral elements and explore the criticality and analytical instruments that were the researcher's own observations, reports and resolutions of the students, recordings of conversations in different moments and the comments of participants in the first phase. The procedures analysis reveals that it´s possible to insert Principles of Mathematical Modeling in activities to be developed in the classroom and that fit the curriculum, especially satisfying the criterion of time devoted to subjects. The results also show a consistency in terms of learning, so that when students, after six months, review such content, searching real problems and presenting solutions relevant applications inside and outside the industry, and also when the group of students who participated in the first stage demonstrated evidence of learning while playing, in the second stage, the role of observers, argued that had really learned integral and that the application in engineering is of extreme relevance. We believe that such research can be performed from the basic concepts of physics, thus reinforcing the importance of research as producers of materials that can implement the work in the classroom and change the course of the teaching of Calculus
Esta tese tem por objeto de pesquisa analisar as dificuldades e os significados manifestados por alunos de um curso de Engenharia de Produção, por meio de uma sequência de tarefas usando cálculo de medidas de área baseadas em princípios de Modelagem Matemática. Na elaboração de tal sequencia partiu-se de figuras geométricas supostamente conhecidas dos alunos com a finalidade de conduzi-los à definição de integral. A investigação teve dois direcionamentos: teórico e empírico. O primeiro foi desenvolvido por meio de estudos documentais que forneceram dados históricos sobre os cursos de engenharia, especialmente, a Engenharia de Produção. Os resultados recentes de pesquisas em Educação Matemática mostram as potencialidades do uso de Princípios da Modelagem Matemática em atividades de ensino. A pesquisa empírica fundamentou-se nesses princípios como abordagem para ensino de Cálculo e se desenvolveu em duas fases compostas por atividades, sendo cada uma delas divididas em dois momentos, um para resolução de tarefas e outro para a socialização dos resultados. Na primeira foram desenvolvidas quatro atividades que envolveram a exploração do cálculo de medidas de áreas de figuras planas para introdução do conceito de integral. Na segunda os estudantes executaram oito atividades sobre as ideias envolvidas no conceito de integral e a Modelagem foi explorada nas três últimas. Nesta fase um elemento diferenciador foi a atuação dos participantes da primeira fase que voltaram agora como observadores a fim de verificarem o que de fato foi internalizado pelos participantes depois de passado um semestre da execução das tarefas, observando colegas mais novos realizarem atividades semelhantes às deles. Com essa pesquisa qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação, buscou-se proporcionar aos alunos significação aos elementos da integral e explorar a criticidade e como instrumentos de análise tivemos as observações do próprio pesquisador, os relatórios e resoluções dos estudantes, as gravações das conversas nos diversos momentos e as observações dos participantes da primeira fase. A análise dos procedimentos revela que é possível inserir Princípios da Modelagem Matemática em atividades a serem desenvolvidas em sala de aula e que se adaptam à estrutura curricular, atendendo especialmente ao critério tempo dedicado às disciplinas. Os resultados mostram, ainda, uma consistência em termos de aprendizagem tanto quando os discentes após seis meses retomam tal conteúdo, buscando problemas reais e apresentando soluções e aplicações pertinentes dentro e fora das indústrias e, também, quando um grupo de estudantes que participou da primeira fase demonstra indícios de aprendizagem ao desempenharem, na segunda fase, o papel de observadores, alegando que realmente haviam aprendido integral e que sua aplicação na engenharia é de extrema relevância. Entendemos que tal pesquisa possa ser realizada a partir de conceitos básicos da física, reforçando assim a importância das pesquisas como produtoras de materiais que possam implementar o trabalho nas salas de aula e mudar o rumo do ensino de Cálculo

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Wares, Trevor. „Some intuitionist principles in the free topos“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28652.

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Brouwer's principle/theorem states that all total functions R→R are continuous. Obviously not classically true this result was a theorem of Brouwer in his intuitionistic setting. The formalization(s) of intuitionistic logic provides us with systems of logic in which to ask is this principle provable? In a higher order setting (e.g. higher order type theory) one has two ways of expressing this principle. First is simply the statement ⊢∀f&parl0;f:R&rarrr; R⇒'' fiscontinuous'' &parr0; Second is as a meta theorem ⊢f:R→R⊢'' fis continuous'' In this work we present a categorical proof that the second formulation holds in higher order Heyting arithmetic (HAH). Our proof is general enough however to obtain the same continuity principle with R replaced by a "sufficiently nice" space S, a notion which is made precise.

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Safuanov, Ildar S., und Irina G. Shamsutdinova. „CLEARNESS AS A PRINCIPLE OF THE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80864.

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23

Warren, Patricia F. „A mathematical model of knee kinematics utilizing the principle of minimum energy“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA351258.

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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998.
Thesis advisor(s): Young L. Kwon, William B. Maier. "June 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 65). Also available online.

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Palmgren, Myrna. „Optimal Truck Scheduling : Mathematical Modeling and Solution by the Column Generation Principle“. Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3590.

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25

Laures, Gerd. „The topological q-expansion principle“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38420.

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26

Andersson, Daniel. „Contributions to the Stochastic Maximum Principle“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11301.

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This thesis consists of four papers treating the maximum principle for stochastic control problems. In the first paper we study the optimal control of a class of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) of mean-field type, where the coefficients are allowed to depend on the law of the process. Moreover, the cost functional of the control problem may also depend on the law of the process. Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality are derived in the form of a maximum principle, which is also applied to solve the mean-variance portfolio problem. In the second paper, we study the problem of controlling a linear SDE where the coefficients are random and not necessarily bounded. We consider relaxed control processes, i.e. the control is defined as a process taking values in the space of probability measures on the control set. The main motivation is a bond portfolio optimization problem. The relaxed control processes are then interpreted as the portfolio weights corresponding to different maturity times of the bonds. We establish existence of an optimal control and necessary conditons for optimality in the form of a maximum principle, extended to include the family of relaxed controls. The third paper generalizes the second one by adding a singular control process to the SDE. That is, the control is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure and its influence on the state is thus not continuous in time. In terms of the portfolio problem, this allows us to consider two investment possibilities - bonds (with a continuum of maturities) and stocks - and incur transaction costs between the two accounts. In the fourth paper we consider a general singular control problem. The absolutely continuous part of the control is relaxed in the classical way, i.e. the generator of the corresponding martingale problem is integrated with respect to a probability measure, guaranteeing the existence of an optimal control. This is shown to correspond to an SDE driven by a continuous orthogonal martingale measure. A maximum principle which describes necessary conditions for optimal relaxed singular control is derived.
QC 20100618

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Walker-Glenn, Michelle L. „Leadership for School Numeracy: How School Leaders' Knowledge and Attitudes Impact Student Mathematics Achievement“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1271640843.

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28

Paseau, Alexander Christopher. „Set theory's open-endedness principle and the philosophy of mathematics“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620011.

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29

Pang, Huadong. „Parabolic equations without a minimum principle“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38958.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
In this thesis, we consider several parabolic equations for which the minimum principle fails. We first consider a two-point boundary value problem for a one dimensional diffusion equation. We show the uniqueness and existence of the solution for initial data, which may not be continuous at two boundary points. We also examine the circumstances when these solutions admit a probabilistic interpretation. Some partial results are given for analogous problems in more than one dimension.
by Huadong Pang.
Ph.D.

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30

Mantke, Wolfgang Johann. „Picture independent quantum action principle“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29850.

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31

Rice, Gregory. „Invariance principles in functional time series analysis with applications“. Thesis, The University of Utah, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3746458.

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This dissertation aims to develop the theory and applications of functional time series analysis. Functional data analysis came into prominence in the 1990s when more sophisticated data collection and storage systems became prevalent, and many of the early developments focused on simple random samples of curves. However, a common source of functional data is when long, continuous records are broken into segments of smaller curves. An example of this is geologic and economic data that are presented as hourly or daily curves. In these instances, successive curves may exhibit dependencies which invalidate statistical procedures that assume a simple random sample.

The theory of functional time series analysis has grown tremendously in the last decade to provide methodology for such data, and researchers have focused primarily on adapting methods available in finite dimensional time series analysis to the function space setting. As a first problem, we consider an invariance principle for the partial sum process of stationary random functions. This theory is then applied to the problems of testing for stationarity of a functional time series and the one-way functional analysis of variance problem under dependence.

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Fang, Youjian. „Transition theorems and almost sure invariance principles for strong martingales“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6644.

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In this thesis we establish almost sure invariance principles (ASIP's) for strong martingales indexed by two parameters. The method we use is that developed by Berkes and Philipp (Ann. Prob., 7, 1979). This thesis is organized in four chapters. In Chapter 1, we give a review of invariance principles. We introduce the origin of the concept of the invariance principle, describe the main methods for proving the ASIP's and state some basic results of the almost sure invariance principle. In Chapter 2, we prove some "transition theorems" which turn two-parameter strong martingales into one-parameter martingales and can help us to prove the ASIP's for two-parameter strong martingales. We also give several simple applications of the transition theorems, such as maximal inequalities with exponential bounds for two-parameter strong martingales and the Prohorov distance between the law of a two-parameter strong martingale and some appropriate normal law. In Chapter 3, we prove our main theorem--the almost sure invariance principle for two-parameter strong martingales and show some applications, including the functional law of the iterated logarithm for two-parameter strong martingales. In Chapter 4--the appendix, we state some known results we want to use and give the proofs of Theorem 2.2.1 in Chapter 2 and Lemma 3.2.10 in Chapter 3.

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Huber, Donna S. „Influences on high school principals' mathematics instructional leadership practices“. Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1195003040.

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Oduro, Evelyn Owusu. „Assessment in mathematics classrooms in Ghana : a study of teachers' practices“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54461/.

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Assessment is considered a powerful tool for improving learning outcomes and education quality. However, limited empirical research on classroom assessment exists in many developing countries including Ghana. This study explores the issues of mathematics classroom assessment in Ghana. Specifically, it investigates and analyses mathematics teachers' views and practices of assessment with specific reference to the implication for learning. Although the main focus of this study is on teachers' assessment practices, an examination of their conceptions of the nature of mathematics is undertaken to facilitate an in-depth understanding of teachers' views and practices. The research is mainly qualitative by design and employs both interpretative and exploratory strategies. Classroom observations, semi-structured interviews and document reviews are used as instruments for data collection through a non-participant observation method. A purposive sampling method is used to select six participants: four teachers and two headteachers for the study. This research study explores key factors affecting assessment practices in mathematics classrooms. In particular, it provides an analysis firstly of teachers' views about assessment emphasising improvement and accountability and secondly of the different types of knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of the mathematics teachers, and their relationship with practice. Attention is directed to the teacher's practical knowledge of teaching, of mathematics and how assessment comes into play. Also notable is the importance attached to the teachers' beliefs concerning the nature of mathematics. Findings from this study show that teachers use both formal and informal assessments in mathematics classrooms although formal assessment dominates practice. Teachers' views about assessment and their conceptions of the nature of mathematics are related to their classroom practices. Beyond these two factors, this exploratory study illustrates how teachers' assessment practices are affected by a number of contextual factors which are related to institutional policies, professional development and classroom conditions. There are implications of this research for the implementation of assessment for learning in Ghana. It is evident that in the current context, the widespread implementation of assessment for learning is ambitious and would demand well-defined and context-specific approaches to classroom practices. The introduction of these innovative assessment practices marks a significant departure from traditional practice and as such may require regular professional support and a coordinated and collaborative effort from policy makers, schools and teachers.

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Dufatanye, Aimable-André. „Le principe de non-contradiction. considérations logiques, mathématiques et ontologiques : De la nature et de la valeur du principe de non-contradiction, contribution de Jan Łukasiewicz à l'interprétation d'Aristote“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0669.

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En mathématiques et en logique classiques, on démontre que {P,¬P}├Q. C’est le fameux ex contradictione sequitur quodlibet, nommé également principe d’explosion. Si une théorie contradictoire est condamnée à exploser, c.à.d. à devenir triviale et à perdre tout intérêt pour la science, il faut à tout prix éviter la contradiction qui, pour ainsi dire, joue le rôle de détonateur. Dès lors, il devient impératif de nier toute conjonction d’une formule et de sa négation. C’est le principe de non-contradiction (PNC) symbolisé par ¬(P^¬P), une tautologie en logique mathématique classique. Aristote, déjà, dans l’antiquité, avait explicitement formulé le PNC qui, depuis, a été élevé au rang de principe définitif et absolu. Quelques rares mais irréductibles détracteurs, toutefois, ont mis en cause le statut absolu de ce principe. La présente thèse est une rediscussion du PNC -de son statut, de sa validité, de sa valeur- qui s’appuie sur le travail du logicien J. Łukasiewicz. Il sera établi que la mise en cause de l’absoluité du PNC proposée par le logicien n’est pas un prolongement des thèses sophistes antiques. Ses critiques s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une Gegenstandstheorie twardowsko-meinongienne. La combinaison des éléments hérités de la théorie des objets et d’une analyse originale usant des outils de l’algèbre de la logique dans l’interprétation des textes anciens a permis au logicien de dégager l’idée cardinale selon laquelle on peut récuser l’absoluité du PNC sans tomber dans le trivialisme. Il sera démontré que ses travaux contiennent, pour la logique, l’esquisse d’un nouveau paradigme fondé sur la désabsolutisation du PNC, par sa dissociation d’avec le principe d’explosion
In mathematics and classical logic, one proves that {P,¬P}├Q. This is the celebrated ex contradictione sequitur quodlibet, also named the principle of explosion. If a contradictory theory is condemned to explode, that is to become trivial and to lose all interest from a scientific point of view, one must at all costs avoid any contradiction which plays the role of detonator. Consequently, it is necessary to deny any conjunction of a formula and its negation. This is the principle of non-contradiction (PNC) symbolised by ¬(P^¬P), a tautology in classical mathematical logic. Already in antiquity, Aristotle had explicitly formulated PNC which, since, has been elevated to the status of a definitive and an absolute principle. However, a few obstinate critics have questioned the absolute status of this principle. The present thesis is a reappraisal of PNC -of its status, its validity, its value- which builds on the work of the logician J. Łukasiewicz. It will be demonstrated that the critique of absoluteness attributed to PNC proposed by Łukasiewicz is not a continuation of the theses of the ancient sophists. His criticisms can be placed in the framework of a Twardowskian-Meinongian Gegenstandstheorie. The combination of elements from a theory of objects and an original analysis using the tools of the algebra of logic in the interpretation of ancient texts has enabled Łukasiewicz to discern an essential idea according to which one can challenge the absoluteness attributed to PNC without sinking into triviality. It will be shown that his works contain, for logic, an outline for a new paradigm based on the disabsolutization of PNC, by dissociating it from the principle of explosion

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36

Thompson, Daniel J. „Irregular sets and conditional variational principles in dynamical systems“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2046/.

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We derive key results from dimension theory in dynamical systems and thermodynamic formalism at a level of generality suitable for the study of systems which are beyond the scope of the standard uniformly hyperbolic theory. Let (X, d) be a compact metric space, f : X → X be a continuous map and φ : X → R be a continuous function. The subject of chapters 4 and 5 is the multifractal analysis of Birkhoff averages for φ when topological pressure (in the sense of Pesin and Pitskel) is the dimension characteristic and f has the specification property. In chapter 4, we consider the set of points for which the Birkhoff average of φ does not exist (which we call the irregular set for φ) and show that this set is either empty or has full topological pressure. We formulate various equivalent natural conditions on φ that completely describe when the latter situation holds. In chapter 5, we prove a conditional variational principle for topological pressure for non-compact sets of the form {x∈X : lim n→∞ 1/n n−1 Σ i=0 φ(fi(x))= α}, generalising a previously known result for topological entropy. As one application, we prove multifractal analysis results for the entropy spectrum of a suspension flow over a continuous map with specification. In chapter 6, we assume that f : X 7→ X is a continuous map satisfying a property we call almost specification (which is weaker than specification). We show that the set of points for which the Birkhoff average of φ does not exist is either empty or has full topological entropy. Every β-shift satisfies almost specification and we show that the irregular set for any β-shift or β-transformation is either empty or has full topological entropy and Hausdorff dimension. In chapter 7, we introduce an alternative definition of topological pressure for arbitrary (noncompact, non-invariant) Borel subsets of metric spaces. This new quantity is defined via a suitable conditional variational principle, leading to an alternative definition of an equilibrium state. We study the properties of this new quantity and compare it with existing notions of topological pressure. We apply our new definition to some interesting examples, including the level sets of the pointwise Lyapunov exponent for the Manneville-Pomeau family of maps.

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Hewitt, David Paul. „The principle of economy in the learning and teaching of mathematics“. Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54190/.

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This thesis looks at the learning and teaching of mathematics through the issue of economy. Here, economy is concerned with the personal time and effort given by a learner to achieve some desired learning. The study sets out to establish that the principle of economy informs the learning and teaching of mathematics, and to establish a list of principles which can assist an economic approach to the teaching of mathematics. The study is carried out within the Discipline of Noticing and is based on the development of theory from significant events building on the work carried out by Caleb Gattegno on the subordination of teaching to learning. An account ofthese events are given, followed by accounting for them, and linking the generality contained within these isolated events with everyday learning experiences. At times, the reader is asked to carry out simple tasks which assist in drawing their attention, through a personal experience, to the points being developed. The learning process which turns something newly met into something which can be done with little conscious attention, is analysed and called functionalisation. The analysis of this process produces the idea of practice through progress, where the learner's attention is placed in a task which requires the desired learning to be subordinated to it. Particular attention is given to the learning of young children before entering school, since this is impressive in terms of economy. This study identifies powers children use in their early learning, and how these link in with root notions in mathematics called mathematical essences. A list of principles of economy are developed which provide guide-lines for approaches to teaching to make use of children's powers and utilise mathematical essences. A computer program, GRID Algebra, is developed to demonstrate how the principles of economy can be incorporated into a resource.

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Thafeni, Phumza. „A no-arbitrage macro finance approach to the term structure of interest rates“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96108.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This work analysis the main macro-finance models of the term structure of interest rates that determines the joint dynamics of the term structure and the macroeconomic fundamentals under no-arbitrage approach. There has been a long search during the past decades of trying to study the relationship between the term structure of interest rates and the economy, to the extent that much of recent research has combined elements of finance, monetary economics, and the macroeconomics to analyse the term structure. The central interest of the thesis is based on two important notions. Firstly, it is picking up from the important work of Ang and Piazzesi (2003) model who suggested a joint macro- finance strategy in a discrete time affine setting, by also imposing the classical Taylor (1993) rule to determine the association between yields and macroeconomic variables through monetary policy. There is a strong intuition from the Taylor rule literature that suggests that such macroeconomic variables as in inflation and real activity should matter for the interest rate, which is the monetary policy instrument. Since from this important framework, no-arbitrage macro-finance approach to the term structure of interest rates has become an active field of cross-disciplinary research between financial economics and macroeconomics. Secondly, the importance of forecasting the yield curve using the variations on the Nelson and Siegel (1987) exponential components framework to capture the dynamics of the entire yield curve into three dimensional parameters evolving dynamically. Nelson-Siegel approach is a convenient and parsimonious approximation method which has been trusted to work best for fitting and forecasting the yield curve. The work that has caught quite much of interest under this framework is the generalized arbitrage-free Nelson-Siegel macro- nance term structure model with macroeconomic fundamentals, (Li et al. (2012)), that characterises the joint dynamic interaction between yields and the macroeconomy and the dynamic relationship between bond risk-premia and the economy. According to Li et al. (2012), risk-premia is found to be closely linked to macroeconomic activities and its variations can be analysed. The approach improves the estimation and the challenges on identication of risk parameters that has been faced in recent macro-finance literature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werk ontleed die makro- nansiese modelle van die term struktuur van rentekoers pryse wat die gesamentlike dinamika bepaal van die term struktuur en die makroekonomiese fundamentele faktore in 'n geen arbitrage wêreld. Daar was 'n lang gesoek in afgelope dekades gewees wat probeer om die verhouding tussen die term struktuur van rentekoerse en die ekonomie te bestudeer, tot die gevolg dat baie onlangse navorsing elemente van nansies, monetêre ekonomie en die makroekonomie gekombineer het om die term struktuur te analiseer. Die sentrale belang van hierdie proefskrif is gebaseer op twee belangrike begrippe. Eerstens, dit tel op by die belangrike werk van die Ang and Piazzesi (2003) model wat 'n gesamentlike makro- nansiering strategie voorstel in 'n diskrete tyd a ene ligging, deur ook die klassieke Taylor (1993) reël om assosiasie te bepaal tussen opbrengste en makroekonomiese veranderlikes deur middel van monetêre beleid te imposeer. Daar is 'n sterk aanvoeling van die Taylor reël literatuur wat daarop dui dat sodanige makroekonomiese veranderlikes soos in asie en die werklike aktiwiteit moet saak maak vir die rentekoers, wat die monetêre beleid instrument is. Sedert hierdie belangrike raamwerk, het geen-arbitrage makro- nansies benadering tot term struktuur van rentekoerse 'n aktiewe gebied van kruis-dissiplinêre navorsing tussen nansiële ekonomie en makroekonomie geword. Tweedens, die belangrikheid van voorspelling van opbrengskromme met behulp van variasies op die Nelson and Siegel (1987) eksponensiële komponente raamwerk om dinamika van die hele opbrengskromme te vang in drie dimensionele parameters wat dinamies ontwikkel. Die Nelson-Siegel benadering is 'n gerie ike en spaarsamige benaderingsmetode wat reeds vertrou word om die beste pas te bewerkstellig en voorspelling van die opbrengskromme. Die werk wat nogal baie belangstelling ontvang het onder hierdie raamwerk is die algemene arbitrage-vrye Nelson-Siegel makro- nansiele term struktuur model met makroekonomiese grondbeginsels, (Li et al. (2012)), wat kenmerkend van die gesamentlike dinamiese interaksie tussen die opbrengs en die makroekonomie en die dinamiese verhouding tussen band risiko-premies en die ekonomie is. Volgens Li et al. (2012), word risiko-premies bevind om nou gekoppel te wees aan makroekonomiese aktiwiteite en wat se variasies ontleed kan word. Die benadering verbeter die skatting en die uitdagings van identi- sering van risiko parameters wat teegekom is in die afgelope makro- nansiese literatuur.

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Uppman, Hannes. „The Reflection Principle for One-dimensional Quasiminimizers“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19162.

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In this paper the reflection-extension of one-dimensional quasiminimizers is studied.A brief introduction to quasiminimizers, focused on the one-dimensional ones, is given.The main result of the study concerns the size of the quasiminimizing constant of theextended function relative to the unextended one. Previous work by O. Martio gives anupper bound for this relation. This bound is lowered, and the new bound is proven to besharp.Sharp quasiminimizer constants are calculated for a few simple functions and theirreflection-extensions.

I det här arbetet studeras reflektionsutvidgningen av endimensionella kvasiminimerare.En kortfattad introduktion till kvasiminimerare, fokuserad på de endimensionella, ges.Huvudresultatet av arbetet rör storleken av kvasiminimerarkonstanten för den utvidgade funktionen i förhållande till den outvidgade. Tidigare arbete av O. Martio ger en övre gräns för detta förhållande. Den gränsen sänks, och den nya gränsen visas vara skarp.Skarpa kvasiminimerarkonstanter ges för ett par enkla funktioner och för deras reflektionsutvidgningar.

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40

Martucci, Stephen A. „Symmetric convolution and the discrete sine and cosine transforms : principles and applications“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15038.

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41

Pfäffle, Frank, und Christoph A. Stephan. „On gravity, torsion and the spectral action principle“. Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5998/.

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We consider compact Riemannian spin manifolds without boundary equipped with orthogonal connections. We investigate the induced Dirac operators and the associated commutative spectral triples. In case of dimension four and totally anti-symmetric torsion we compute the Chamseddine-Connes spectral action, deduce the equations of motions and discuss critical points.

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Pfäffle, Frank, und Christoph A. Stephan. „The Holst action by the spectral action principle“. Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6003/.

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We investigate the Holst action for closed Riemannian 4-manifolds with orthogonal connections. For connections whose torsion has zero Cartan type component we show that the Holst action can be recovered from the heat asymptotics for the natural Dirac operator acting on left-handed spinor fields.

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Roche, Austin D. „On a natural variational principle for symplectic connections“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33025.

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We review the article 'A variational principle for symplectic connections' of F. Bourgeois and M. Cahen. The aim is to select a set of preferred symplectic connections on two-dimensional symplectic manifolds by introducing a variational principle. We chose for a Lagrangian a polynomial in the curvature tensor of degree at most two. For compact surfaces we show that all solutions of the field equations must be locally symmetric. We then develop an equivalence between symmetric symplectic surfaces and symplectic symmetric triples and determine the list of isomorphism classes of two dimensional symplectic symmetric triples.

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Joseph, Benjamin S. 1976. „The involution principle and h-positive symmetric functions“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8225.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65).
The criterion of h-positivity corresponds to the criterion that a polynomial representation of the general linear group of V is a sum of tensor products of symmetric powers of V. Expanding the iterated exponential function as a power series yields coefficients whose positivity implies the h-positivity of the characteristic of the symmetric group character whose value on the permutation w is the number of labeled forests with c(w) vertices, where c(w) is the number of cycles of w. Another example of an h-positive symmetric function is the characteristic of the top homology of the even-ranked subposet of the partition lattice. In this case, the positive coefficients of the characteristic refine the tangent number E₂nâ₁ into sums of powers of two.
by Benjamin S. Joseph.
Ph.D.

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Staheli, Michael Chad. „The Principal’s Impact on the Success of Mathematics Professional Development“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8632.

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Principal involvement is recognized as a key component to success in professional development implementation. Both the principal efforts undertaken, and the visions stated influence teacher development and student achievement. Using the instructional, transformational, and learning-centered models of leadership, as well as frameworks in vision, and organizational theory, this research sought to clarify the impact of principal involvement on student performance. Interview data was collected from 16 principals participating in a mathematics professional development program entitled the Comprehensive Mathematics Initiative. Of the participants, 9 of the principals were from schools that achieved high levels of student performance on standardized mathematics tests following their school’s participation in the professional development program. The remaining 7 principals achieved moderate success from participation in the same. General findings suggest that principals who pursue a learning-centered leadership model (combining both instructional and transformational leadership efforts) achieve greater success while implementing professional development programs. Specific findings identified that principals who define success in terms of improving student performance were more likely to achieve higher student achievement on mathematics standardized tests versus those principals who define a metric of success as stronger teacher development. Additionally, it was determined that vision statements expressed with brevity and a singular goal were more effective at influencing student achievement than more complex, multi-faceted visions. Finally, efforts taken to involve staff in decision making and encourage teacher development through supportive means were more successful at achieving higher levels of student performance. These findings can inform principals and other school leaders on how to more effectively implement professional development programs.

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Zhang, Shaobo. „Applications of geometric complexity and the minimum description length principle in mathematical modeling of cognition /“. The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148819244742845.

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47

Ward, Graeme Keith. „Constructing a culturally empowering mathematics learning environment for EFL engineering students“. Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2082.

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The emergence and evolution of constructivism since the early 1980’s has provided education and educational research with a new paradigm. The acceptance of this viewpoint has allowed educators greater scope as the criterion of epistemological and ontological truth / reality has been replaced by the more pragmatic approach of (practical) viability. This approach has, in turn, freed teachers to offer learning experiences which are useful and relate to previous experience and understanding of students rather than presenting rigorous and epistemologically correct information dissemination experiences.One area that has embraced constructivist principles in an effort to provide more relevant and cosmologically pertinent learning experiences has been the profession and learning of engineering.This thesis examines how engineering teachers can provide relevant learning experiences that recognize and connect with student past learning experiences and which meet the needs of modern learners, such as engineers, and in doing so develop these learners as problem solvers, communicators and team players who are aware of the wider implications and issues pertinent to the 21st century.In addition to looking at the problems faced and at how this researcher believes some of the issues can be resolved at the classroom and faculty level it also maps out the emergent transformative journey of this teacher-researcher that has emerged in the doing of this research, as I progress from what has been termed teacher mastery in the technical domain of human interest to what I perceive as the emancipatory.

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Innabi, Hanan. „A Model to Develop Mathematics Education: Modify the Public TraditionalPerceptions of Mathematics-Case of UAE Schools’ Principals“. Proceedings of the tenth International Conference Models in Developing Mathematics Education. - Dresden : Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft, 2009. - S. 262 - 266, 2012. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A1747.

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This paper addresses the idea that the successful of mathematics reform demands the support of the full educational community including school principals, parents, and students. One of the most important group that affect mathematics reform is school principals. A project related to modifying UAE principals’ perceptions of mathematics is presented. This project consists three steps. In the first step, principals’ perceptions of the nature of Mathematics and its learning and teaching were examined. Results showed that those principals possess many improper perceptions related to Mathematics. In the second step, a professional training program for promoting school principals\'' understanding of the new vision of teaching and learning mathematics has developed. This training program comprises two integrated phases: Clarification and conviction, and implementations for principal’s role. It includes a package of paper documents, videotapes, discussion sessions, and group and individual activities. In the third step, the training program is applied on eight principals in UAE. An initial analysis of the qualitative data showed many positive improvements in principals’ perceptions of mathematics education.

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Akpinar, Yavuz. „Computer based interactive environments for learning school mathematics : the implementation and validation of design principles“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343445.

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50

Stinson, Anthony B. „An Autoethnography:A Mathematics Teacher's Journey of Identity Construction and Change“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/43.

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Despite some gains, improving secondary mathematics instruction remains an area of concern of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). Recitation, also known as lecturing, prevails as the practice of choice of mathematics teachers in the United States. However, the report of the NCTM Research Advisory Committee 2000 indicates that the mathematical proficiency of students increases when the practice of choice includes more than recitation. Therefore, changes in instruction in the mathematics classroom should occur to improve student learning. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a personalized account of one mathematics teacher’s use of reflective teaching as an agent of change. This dissertation is about a journey of change in instruction fostered by a change of identity as a mathematics teacher. This dissertation chronicles the identity construction of the teacher. This study has relevance because the process utilized by the teacher provides a method of self-examination and identity construction for other mathematics classroom teachers who want to improve their practices. This study also has relevance because it describes the process of how a classroom teacher takes ownership of self-improvement. This qualitative dissertation uses autoethnography as the methodology. Autoethnography is research, writing and story where the researcher is the subject and the researcher’s experiences are the data (Ellis and Bochner 2000). The theoretical frame for this autoethnography is identity theory as it relates to teacher identity construction. Memory, videotaped lessons, student commentary and a reflective journal serve as supporting data sources to render narratives detailing the findings. The research question guiding this dissertation is: In what ways does a teacher’s reflection on mathematics practice facilitate teacher identity construction and change of practice? The findings show that a teacher’s identity can be interwoven by many characteristics that at times work simultaneously. The findings also indicate that changing one’s practices is an arduous process but can be accomplished and the process given “voice.”

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