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Prado, Elizabeth Leah. „Improving maternal cognition and child development in developing countries : effects of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation“. Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539652.
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Aaron, Elizabeth Mae. „Maternal and Child Characteristics Predicting Protective Parenting: Cognition as a Mechanism“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1624378278091593.
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TYNES, PATRICIA M. „THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL DIABETES ON SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1028554969.
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Prathyusha, Sanagavarapu. „Cultural specificity in maternal metacognitive guidance of preschoolers' puzzle-solving /“. View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030806.150523/index.html.
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Vanston, Claire. „Maternal cognitive functioning in pregnancy and its association with gestation, endocrine factors and fetal sex: a longitudinal study in women from early pregnancy to the postpartum period /“. Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2080.
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Sanagavarapu, Prathyusha, of Western Sydney Nepean University und Faculty of Education. „Cultural specificity in maternal metacognitive guidance of preschoolers' puzzle-solving“. THESIS_FE_XXX_Sanagavarapu_P.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/551.
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This thesis explores cultural specificity and universality in maternal metacognitive guidance of preschoolers’ puzzle-solving. Anglo-Australian and immigrant Indian mothers’ interactions with their 4-year-old children on a puzzle-solving task were videotaped, and the mothers were interviewed about their views on child development, adult guidance and interpretations of puzzle-solving. The nature of the metcognitive guidance was analysed with respect to task initiation, task regulation, metcognitive guidance, strategic assistance, speech styles, and forms of sustaining the child’s mindfulness. The results generally supported the notions of cultural universality and specificity in maternal metcognitive guidance. While similarities were noted in mothers’ collaboration, supportive intent and verbal strategic guidance, differences were revealed in task initiation, linguistic mediation, non-verbal strategic guidance and metacognitive modeling. The findings on metcognitive guidance as a function of gender of the child indicated similarities, suggesting that differential guidance of male and female children’s metacognitive learning may be less pronounced in the preschool years compared with later childhood years. Indian mothers guided and supported their male children’s metcognitive/strategic learning more frequently than did Australian mothers. The findings are discussed in the light of notions of socio-cultural and activity theories.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Education)
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Schepanski, Steven [Verfasser], und Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] Arck. „The role of maternal microchimerism and prenatal stress for perinatal brain development and cognition / Steven Schepanski ; Betreuer: Petra Arck“. Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217409017/34.
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Schepanski, Steven Verfasser], und Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] [Arck. „The role of maternal microchimerism and prenatal stress for perinatal brain development and cognition / Steven Schepanski ; Betreuer: Petra Arck“. Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-106719.
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Sunew, Emily Yamada. „Emotional intelligence in school-aged children : relations to early maternal depression and cognitive functioning /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9051.
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Griebling, Hannah J. „Intraspecific Variation in Cognitive Traits in a Swordtail Fish (Xiphophorus multilineatus)“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1562614167305022.
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Mireku, Michael Osei. „The effects of anemia during pregnancy and its risk factors on the cognitive development of one-year-old children in Benin“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066156/document.
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L'objectif était d'évaluer l'effet de l'anémie pendant la grossesse et ses facteurs de risque sur le développement cognitif d'enfants à un an.Notre cohorte a inclus 636 couples de mères et d'enfants singletons nés de femmes enceintes incluses dans un essai clinique antipaludiques au Bénin. Les prélèvements sanguins ont été réalisés lors des 1er et 2nd visites prénatales (VP) et à l'accouchement (AC) afin d'évaluer la concentration en hémoglobine (Hb) et la ferritine sérique. Les selles ont été testé la présence d'oeufs d'helminthes par la technique de Kato-Katz. Toutes les femmes ont reçu 600mg de mébendazole lors de la 1er VP. À l'âge d'un an, le développement psycho-moteur des enfants a été évalué par le Mullen Scales of Early Learning.La prévalence de la carence en fer (CF) chez les femmes 1er et 2nd VP et à l'AC était de 30,5%, 34,0% et 28,4%, respectivement. La prévalence des infections helminthiques était de 11,5%, 7,5% et 3,0 % à la 1er, la 2nd VP et à l'AC, respectivement. La prévalence de l'anémie a diminué de 67,1% à la 1er VP à 40,1% à l'AC. L'infection par ankylostomes à la 1er VP était associée avec un score de motricité globale (MG) inférieure -4,9 (IC 95%:-8,6;-1,3). Nous avons observé une relation quadratique négative significative entre la MG de l'enfant et la concentration d'Hb à la première et la 2nd VP.Dans ce contexte de supplémentation en fer des femmes enceintes, la CF maternelle n'était pas associée au développement neurocognitif de l'enfant. De plus, il semble que des concentrations en Hb légèrement en-dessous de la normale (comprises entre 90 et 110 g/L) soient optimales pour la motricité des enfants à un anThe aim was to investigate the impact of anemia during pregnancy and its risk factors on the cognitive development children.Our cohort included 636 mother-singleton child pairs from 828 eligible pregnant women who were enrolled during their first antenatal care (ANC) visit in Allada, Benin, into a clinical trial comparing two malarial drugs. Ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) level were assessed at the first and second ANC visit of at least one-month interval and at delivery. Stool samples of pregnant women were tested for helminths using the Kato-Katz method. All women were given 600 mg of mebendazole to be taken after the first ANC visit. Cognitive and motor functions of one-year-old children were assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning.The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) at first and second ANC visits, and at delivery was 30.5%, 34.0% and 28.4%, respectively. Prevalence of helminth infection was 11.5%, 7.5% and 3.0% at first, second ANC visits and at delivery, respectively. Prevalence of anemia decreased from 67.1% at first ANC visit to 40.1% at delivery. Hookworm infection at first ANC was associated with lower mean gross motor (GM) scores -4.9 (95% CI:-8.6;-1.3) in the adjusted model. We observed a significant negative quadratic relationship between infant GM function and Hb concentration at first and second ANC visits.Prenatal helminth infection is associated with poor with infant cognitive and motor development. However, in the presence of iron supplementation, ID is not associated with infant neurocognitive development. Further, there appears to be an Hb concentration range (90-110 g/L) that may be optimal for better GM function of one-year-old children
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Ramsay, H. (Hugh). „Predictors of psychosis risk and neurocognitive deficits“. Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216928.
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Abstract Psychotic disorders usually become evident during adolescence and early adulthood and are commonly preceded by psychosis risk states. Young people at risk for developing psychosis may already have cognitive deficits. This research examined factors associated with psychosis risk and adverse cognitive performance, particularly in those at risk for developing psychosis. We aimed to characterise genetic risk factors for psychosis risk and adverse cognitive performance. Additionally, early and later biological risk markers for adverse cognitive performance and psychosis risk were explored. Two longitudinal birth cohorts, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC 1986, n=6,985 at 16 years) and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n=5,217 at 17 years), two NFBC 1986 sub-studies, the Oulu Brain and Mind 1 (n=182 for these analyses) and Oulu Brain and Mind 2 (n=471 for these analyses) studies, and two Irish case control studies, the Adolescent Brain Development (n=212) and Challenging Times (n=211) studies, were utilised. Predictors of interest were selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs at COMT, BDNF and DRD2), prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (PEMCS) and adolescent metabolic measures. Though not directly associated with psychotic experiences, the COMT-Val158Met Val-Val genotype interacted with experience of childhood trauma to predict more psychotic experiences. Two DRD2 SNPs were associated with poorer cognitive performance, though only in those with risk for psychotic disorders. PEMCS was associated with adult vocabulary and matrix reasoning performance in males, though not in males with adolescent psychotic experiences. Adolescent academic performance, but not psychotic experiences, were associated with metabolic measures, especially with ratios of omega-3 to total fatty acids. These findings impact on prevention strategies for long-term adverse outcomes. Some risk factors differ for those with psychotic experiences compared to the general population, while others do not. SNPs at COMT and DRD2 may be more relevant in those with psychotic experiences. Interventions targeting these groups may be particularly beneficial. Smoking in pregnancy, however, is harmful to male cognitive performance across the population, suggesting elimination of this risk is more broadly relevant. Fatty acid-related metabolic measures may mark risk for cognitive deficits or may represent a developmental feature that is potentially open to interventionTiivistelmä Psykoottiset häiriöt puhkeavat tavallisesti nuoruusiässä tai varhaisessa aikuisiässä. Varsinaista psykoosijaksoa edeltää usein psykoosialttiusvaihe. Nuoruusiän psykoosialttiusvaiheeseen liittyy kognitiivisia puutoksia. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin tekijöitä, jotka liittyvät psykoosialttiuteen ja heikkoon kognitiiviseen suoriutumiseen, etenkin nuorilla, jotka olivat psykoosiriskissä. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin psykoosialttiuteen ja heikkoon kognitiiviseen suoriutumiseen liittyviä geneettisiä tekijöitä. Lisäksi tutkittiin biologisia varhaisia ja myöhempiä psykoosialttiutta ja heikkoa kognitiivista suoriutumista ennustavia tekijöitä. Tutkimusaineisto käsitti kaksi pitkittäistä syntymäkohorttia: Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986 (n=6,985 16-vuotiaana) ja englantilainen Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n=5,217 17-vuotiaana) -tutkimukset. Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986:sta analysoitiin kahta ala-otosta eli Aivot ja Mieli I (n=182) ja Aivot ja Mieli II (n=471) tutkimusta. Lisäksi tutkimusaineistoon kuului kaksi irlantilaista tapaus-verrokki tutkimusta: Adolescent Brain Development (n=212) ja Challenging Times (n=211) tutkimukset. Ennustavina tekijöinä tarkasteltiin yhden nukleotidin polymorfismia (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNP; COMT, BDNF ja DRD2 -geeneissä), äidin raskaudenaikaista tupakointia, lapsuuden traumaattisia kokemuksia ja nuoruusiän metabolisia arvoja. COMT-Val158Met geenin Val-Val genotyyppi ei ollut suoraan yhteydessä psykoottisiin kokemuksiin, mutta yhdessä lapsuuden traumaattisten kokemusten kanssa ennusti suurempaa psykoosioireiden määrää. Kaksi DRD2 SNP-varianttia assosioituivat heikompaan kognitiiviseen suoriutumiseen, vaikkakin vain tutkittavilla jotka olivat psykoosialttiita. Äidin raskaudenaikainen tupakointi ennusti huonompaa kognitiivista suoriutumista pojilla, tosin ei pojilla joilla oli nuoruusiässä psykoosioireita. Metaboliset tekijät, erityisesti omega-3 rasvahapon suhde kokonaisrasvahapon määrään oli yhteydessä koulumenestykseen. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella voidaan mahdollisesti suunnitella ennaltaehkäiseviä toimia myöhempien haittojen ehkäisemiseksi. Jotkut tutkituista riskitekijöistä assosioituivat eri tavalla kognitioon psykoosialttiilla kuin yleisväestössä. COMT ja DRD2 geenien variantit psykoosialttiilla saattavat olla keskeisiä. Interventiot nuorille, joilla on nämä variantit ja psykoosioireita, voisivat olla erityisesti hyödyllisiä. Äidin raskauden aikaisen tupakointi ennusti poikien kognitiivista suoriutumista. Äidin raskaudenaikaisen tupakoinnin vähentämisellä olisi suotuinen vaikutus tässäkin suhteessa. Rasvahappoihin liittyvät metaboliset suureet voivat olla riski kognitiivisille puutoksille tai ne voivat merkitä kehityksellistä piirrettä, joka voisi mahdollistaa varhaisen ennaltaehkäisyn
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Steadman, Joanna. „Maternal mental illness, mother-infant interactions and maternal cognitive functioning“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442852.
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Wilson, Claudia. „Maternal cognitive stimulation, maternal sensitivity and maternal depression as predictors of later emotion regulation“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419335.
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Menary, Joanne E. „Maternal anxiety and children's internalising difficulties : associations with maternal cognitions and parenting behaviour“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525995.
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Colalillo, Sara. „Effects of emotional motivational intensity on maternal cognitions“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50097.
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Emotions are central to the parenting experience, and mothers’ emotions are linked to their perceptions of their children. The present study examined one causal pathway from mothers’ emotions to their judgments of child behavior as well as neutral stimuli, using a motivational intensity (MI) model. This model states that emotions high in MI restrict, and emotions low in MI broaden, cognitive scope. Fifty-four mothers of 7 to 10 year-old children participated and were randomly assigned to one of three groups reflecting the type of category to be rated (objects, child misbehavior, child good behavior). Anger (high MI), sadness (low MI), and a neutral state were induced via film clips. After each induction, mothers rated the category belongingness of strong and weak exemplars of objects, child misbehavior, or child good behavior. A series of planned contrasts were run within each group to test differences in weak exemplar ratings between the neutral and high MI and the neutral and low MI conditions. For object exemplars, anger had a narrowing effect on cognitive categorization relative to a neutral state, which did not significantly differ from sadness. For misbehavior exemplars, anger instead had a broadening effect on cognitive categorization relative to a neutral state, which did not significantly differ from sadness. For good behavior exemplars, no significant differences were observed between the neutral and anger or the neutral and sadness conditions. This study extends previous research by testing the applicability of the MI model to a parenting context, as well being the first to experimentally examine a causal link between mothers’ emotions and cognitions. Results are discussed in terms of the parenting, social, and cognitive literatures.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Bernard, Jonathan. „Déterminants nutritionnels précoces du neurodéveloppement des enfants de l'étude EDEN : rôle des acides gras polyinsaturés“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986264.
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Contexte : De la conception à l'âge adulte, de nombreux déterminants environnementaux influencent le neurodéveloppement. Des études montrent que durant la fin de la grossesse et les premiers mois de vie, une grande quantité d'acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI), notamment à longue chaîne (AGPI-LC), se fixe dans le tissu cérébral. Un apport optimal durant ces périodes critiques pourrait soutenir précocement le bon développement du cerveau et de ses fonctions.Objectifs : Étudier les relations entre les expositions pré- et postnatales précoces aux AGPI, et le neurodéveloppement d'enfants de 2 et 3 ans.Population : Les données utilisées étaient celles de l'étude EDEN, une cohorte mère enfant ayant recruté 2002 femmes enceintes dans les maternités de Nancy et Poitiers entre 2003 et 2006. L'alimentation maternelle pendant la grossesse a été évaluée par un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire et une table de composition nutritionnelle. Quatre questionnaires postnatals ont permis d'évaluer la durée d'allaitement maternel, et la composition lipidique du colostrum des mères allaitantes a été analysée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Des questionnaires parentaux (2 et 3 ans) et un examen neuropsychologique (3 ans) ont permis d'évaluer plusieurs aspects du neurodéveloppement. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées par régressions linéaires multivariées, après ajustement sur de nombreux facteurs de confusion potentiels.Résultats : Les scores de neurodéveloppement à 2 et 3 ans des enfants allaités étaient plus élevés que ceux des enfants non allaités. Chez les enfants allaités, la durée d'allaitement maternel était associée positivement au neurodéveloppement. Le rapport n 6/n 3 dans l'alimentation maternelle en acides gras en fin de grossesse était négativement associé à plusieurs mesures du neurodéveloppement, et cette association était renforcée chez les enfants non allaités. La composition du colostrum en AGPI et en AGPI-LC reflétait amplement les apports nutritionnels en AGPI et en AGPI-LC en fin de grossesse. L'utilisation de matières grasses alimentaires était aussi associée à la composition du colostrum. Les différences de neurodéveloppement des enfants allaités ne semblait pas être expliquées par la composition du colostrum en AGPI ni en AGPI-LC, à l'exception de la teneur en acide linoléique qui était négativement associée à certaines mesures du neurodéveloppement. Dans l'ensemble, les associations avec le neurodéveloppement étaient plus fréquemment retrouvées avec les questionnaires parentaux, mais certaines évaluations par les psychologues venaient parfois conforter ces résultats.Conclusion : Associés à ceux de la littérature, ces résultats soulignent le rôle notable des AGPI durant les périodes pré- et postnatale précoce pour le neurodéveloppement de l'enfant. Le suivi des enfants de l'étude EDEN jusqu'à leur 5 ans permettra d'étudier la persistance de ces résultats. Dans une perspective de santé publique, ces travaux rappellent la nécessité de promouvoir l'allaitement maternel dans la durée et de surveiller l'équilibre des apports nutritionnels en AGPI pendant la grossesse et la période de lactation.
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Tirelli, Renata Ajub [UNESP]. „Influência de variáveis maternais e da família sobre o desenvolvimento de bebês“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97708.
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tirelli_ra_me_bauru.pdf: 1262897 bytes, checksum: 20133e0f1d23b3f39e2345fb5502a872 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A avaliação do desenvolvimento de bebês e a investigação de possíveis variáveis que influenciaram neste processo são medidas importantes na tomada de decisão para ações futuras. O presente projeto teve como objetivos descrever o desenvolvimento mensal de bebês, identificando os comportamentos típicos a cada mês em cinco áreas específicas (Linguagem, Autocuidados, Cognição, Socialização e Desenvolvimetno Motor) e avaliar o desenvolvimento dos mesmos, relacionano com as variáveis: idade materna, escolaridade materna e tipologia familiar. O estudo, transversal, contou com a participação de 212 mães e seus bebês de até seis meses de idade que foram avaliados recentemente. Foi realizada uma entrevista inicial com as mães e o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado (IPO) foi aplicado nos bebês. Os testes estatísticos ANOVA e de correlação de Pearson foram implementados. Os resultados apontaram comportamentos típicos nos primeiros seis meses de vida dos bebês. As analises realizadas com a amostra geral apontaram que na área de Linguagem, os bebês filhos de mães com idade acima de 24 anos (p=0,001), ensino médio completo e/ou ensino superior completo e/ou incompleto (p=0,034) e integrantes de famílias nucleares (p=0,002) apresentaram melhor desempenho. Em autocuidados, bebês de mães com até 17 anos e 11 meses, ensino fundamental incompleto e integrantes de famílias estendidas (p=0,002), apresentaram as maiores médias. Nas demais áreas Cognição, Socialização e Desenvolvimento Motor as maiores médias foram dos bebês filhos de ma~es com idade acima de 24 anos, ensino médio completo e/ou superior completo e/ou incompleto e integrantes de famílias estendidas, existindo diferenças estatisticamente significativas. As análises realizadas subdividindo o total de avaliações mês a mês...
The evaluation of babies' development and the investigation of possible variables that affect on this process are very important for implement future actions. This project aimed to describe the monthy development of babies, identifying typical behavior every month in five specific areas (Language, Self-Care, Cognition, Socialization and Motor Development) and assess their development, relating to the variables: maternal age, maternal education and family typology. The transversal study was conducted with 212 mothers and their babies on the age until 6 mnths who where evaluated monthly. An initial interview was realized with the mothers and for evaluation of babies development was been assessed Operating Portage Inventory (IPO). The statistical tests ANOVA and Pearson correlation were applied. The results showed typical behavior on the first six months of the babies. The analysis conducated with the general sample have indicated that on Language, the best performance was of babies children of mothers older than 24 years (p=0,001), graduated from high school and/or higher complete and/or incomplete (p=0,034) and nuclear family members (p=0,002). On Self-Care, babies children of mothers up to 17 to 17 years old and 11 months, not graduated from elementary school, and members of extended family (p=0,002) showed better development. On the other areas (Cognition, Socialization and Motor Development) the babies children of mothers old than 24 years, graduated from high school and/or higher complete and/or incomplete and members of extended family showed the highest averages. The analyzes carried out by subdividing the total of the assessments monthly, considering the variable maternal age, showed that on language, babies children of older mothers older than 24 years showed the highest averages oll months, there were statistically significant differences on fifh month... (Complete abstract click electronic acce
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Triantafyllou, Kalliopi. „Adolescent internalising disorders : the role of maternal and adolescent cognitions“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adolescent-internalising-disorders-the-role-of-maternal-and-adolescent-cognitions(0b306cf1-e6da-4584-877b-a88a36358492).html.
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Anxiety and depression are among the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence (Costello, Egger, & Angold, 2005). Although the parental environment appears to play a role in the development of emotional disorders (e.g., Abramson & Alloy, 2006), cognitive styles within the families of adolescents with internalising disorders have received little attention. The main aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of maternal cognitions in relation to internalising disorders experienced by adolescents. Specifically, maternal attributional style, catastrophic worries, selective attention and perceptions of adolescents' social competence were examined through a combination of cross-sectional, correlational and experimental designs in the programme of five studies conducted with a clinical sample. Three groups of adolescents and their mothers participated in the studies: adolescents with clinical internalising disorders, adolescents with clinical externalising disorders and a non-referred group of school-children along with their mothers. In support of the hypotheses, mothers of adolescents with clinical internalising disorders had more negative attributional biases than the mothers in the two control groups. When parental attributions were examined from the child's perspective, adolescents in the clinical internalising group perceived that their parents had more negative attributions than both control groups. Examination of maternal evaluations of adolescents' social skills, revealed that even though adolescents did not have social deficits according to objective ratings, mothers of adolescents with internalising disorders underestimated the performance of their children compared to the non-referred control group. Significant relationships were found between maternal and adolescent attributions and perceptions of social competence, suggesting a link between maternal and adolescent cognitive style. Furthermore, mothers of the clinical internalising group produced a greater number of worries which were more catastrophic in content than mothers in the control groups. Contrary to predictions, mothers of adolescents with clinical internalising disorders did not selectively attend to threatening information related to adolescents' behaviours. Analyses using combined data from the four studies that showed significant relationships provided evidence that different cognitions in mothers and their children are interrelated, highlighting the importance of interactions between various cognitions within the family. Additionally, attributional style, catastrophic worries and negative perceptions were found to discriminate families with adolescents with internalising disorders from those with adolescents with externalising disorders or non-referred adolescents. The studies included in this thesis extend the current literature on maternal cognitions and adolescent internalising disorders and suggest that mothers of adolescents with internalising disorders are characterised by cognitive biases that should be taken into consideration in both research and clinical practice.
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Tirelli, Renata Ajub. „Influência de variáveis maternais e da família sobre o desenvolvimento de bebês /“. Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97708.
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Orientador: Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim RodriguesBanca: Ana Lúcia Rossito Aiello
Banca: Ligia Ebner Melchiori
Resumo: A avaliação do desenvolvimento de bebês e a investigação de possíveis variáveis que influenciaram neste processo são medidas importantes na tomada de decisão para ações futuras. O presente projeto teve como objetivos descrever o desenvolvimento mensal de bebês, identificando os comportamentos típicos a cada mês em cinco áreas específicas (Linguagem, Autocuidados, Cognição, Socialização e Desenvolvimetno Motor) e avaliar o desenvolvimento dos mesmos, relacionano com as variáveis: idade materna, escolaridade materna e tipologia familiar. O estudo, transversal, contou com a participação de 212 mães e seus bebês de até seis meses de idade que foram avaliados recentemente. Foi realizada uma entrevista inicial com as mães e o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado (IPO) foi aplicado nos bebês. Os testes estatísticos ANOVA e de correlação de Pearson foram implementados. Os resultados apontaram comportamentos típicos nos primeiros seis meses de vida dos bebês. As analises realizadas com a amostra geral apontaram que na área de Linguagem, os bebês filhos de mães com idade acima de 24 anos (p=0,001), ensino médio completo e/ou ensino superior completo e/ou incompleto (p=0,034) e integrantes de famílias nucleares (p=0,002) apresentaram melhor desempenho. Em autocuidados, bebês de mães com até 17 anos e 11 meses, ensino fundamental incompleto e integrantes de famílias estendidas (p=0,002), apresentaram as maiores médias. Nas demais áreas Cognição, Socialização e Desenvolvimento Motor as maiores médias foram dos bebês filhos de ma~es com idade acima de 24 anos, ensino médio completo e/ou superior completo e/ou incompleto e integrantes de famílias estendidas, existindo diferenças estatisticamente significativas. As análises realizadas subdividindo o total de avaliações mês a mês... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The evaluation of babies' development and the investigation of possible variables that affect on this process are very important for implement future actions. This project aimed to describe the monthy development of babies, identifying typical behavior every month in five specific areas (Language, Self-Care, Cognition, Socialization and Motor Development) and assess their development, relating to the variables: maternal age, maternal education and family typology. The transversal study was conducted with 212 mothers and their babies on the age until 6 mnths who where evaluated monthly. An initial interview was realized with the mothers and for evaluation of babies development was been assessed Operating Portage Inventory (IPO). The statistical tests ANOVA and Pearson correlation were applied. The results showed typical behavior on the first six months of the babies. The analysis conducated with the general sample have indicated that on Language, the best performance was of babies children of mothers older than 24 years (p=0,001), graduated from high school and/or higher complete and/or incomplete (p=0,034) and nuclear family members (p=0,002). On Self-Care, babies children of mothers up to 17 to 17 years old and 11 months, not graduated from elementary school, and members of extended family (p=0,002) showed better development. On the other areas (Cognition, Socialization and Motor Development) the babies children of mothers old than 24 years, graduated from high school and/or higher complete and/or incomplete and members of extended family showed the highest averages. The analyzes carried out by subdividing the total of the assessments monthly, considering the variable maternal age, showed that on language, babies children of older mothers older than 24 years showed the highest averages oll months, there were statistically significant differences on fifh month... (Complete abstract click electronic acce
Mestre
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Ayoun, Catherine. „Ajustement maternel et developpement cognitif du nourrisson“. Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H043.
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Nous nous interessons ici aux mecanismes par lesquels l'ajustement maternel (ou "maternal responsiveness") influence le developpement cognitif du nourrisson. Apres rappele que ce concept trouve son origine dans les theories de l'attachement, nous abordons l'ajustement a travers la theorie de la detection de contingences. En s'ajustant du bebe, la mere lui permettrait de detecter des relations de cause a effet entre son comportement et les evenements qui en resultent. Le fait pour l'enfant de percevoir un evenement contingent a son comportement engendrerait un sentiment d'efficacite, une motivation de competence. Dans cette perspective certains auteurs ont recherche des liens entre ajustement maternel et developpement cognitif global. Or il apparait a partir de la synthese de leurs travaux que l'ajustement n'influencerait que certaines activites cognitives specifiques. Dans une premiere recherche, nous avons teste cette hypothese en etudiant les relations entre ajustement maternel et les performances d'enfants de 12 mois aux epreuves casati-lezine. Nous avons trouve une liaison entre ajustement maternel et recherche d'objets disparus, liaison qui n'apparait pas pour les autres series (exploration d'objets, utilisation d'intermediaires). Apres nous etre interrogee sur les processus cognitifs mis en jeu dans les activites de recherche d'objets disparus nous sommes parvenue a l'idee que ces activites mettaient en jeu des processus de mise en relation et de discrimination d'indices. Des lors nous avons fait l'hypothese que l'ajustement maternel pourrait favoriser l'emergence de ces processus. Dans une deuxieme recherche nous avons etudie, chez des enfants de 11 mois, les liens synchroniques entre ajustement maternel, recherche d'objets disparus et apprentissage d'une regle de contingence. Les resultats obtenus convergent vers l'hypothese d'un lien certain entre ajustement maternel et processus cognitifs specifiquesWe study the mechanisms in which maternal responsiveness influences infants cognitive development. After resuming that this concept originates in the attachement theory, we will discuss responsiveness using the theory of contingency detection. By adjusting to the baby's activity, the mother permits him her to detect cause and effect relationships between his her behavior and the events which result from them. A child's perception of an event contingent to his her behavior could engender a feeling of efficiency, a sense of competence. In this perspective certain authors have examined the relationship between maternal responsiveness and global cognitive development. It appears, after synthesizing their research, that responsiveness only influences specific cognitive activities. In a first study we tested this hypothesis by examining the relationship between maternal responsiveness and 12 month old infants performance on the casati-lezine task. We found a link between maternal responsiveness and "search for hidden objects". This link was not find for other tasks. Cognitive processes involved in the search for hidden objects activities were identified which lead us to the assumption that these activities involved linking processes and indices descrimination processes. From this assumption, we hypothesized that maternal responsiveness favors the emergence of these processes. In a second study we examined the synchronized links between maternal responsiveness, search for lost object and learning of a contingency rule with 11 month old infants. The results converge with the hypothesis that a link between maternal responsiveness and specific cognitive processes exists
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Menezes, Jefferson Rosa de. „Estratégias para prevenção de déficits cognitivos associados à deprivação maternal“. Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2017. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/1554.
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A deprivação maternal é um potente estressor na fase inicial da vida de mamíferos, ocasionando diversos déficits cognitivos que se mantêm na vida adulta. Dentre os mecanismos envolvidos nestes déficits estão o desiquilíbrio oxidativo e as alterações em determinadas proteínas, como o fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (do inglês Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, BDNF). Estes eventos podem ocorrer em diferentes regiões do no cérebro, entre elas o hipocampo, principal região responsável pela formação e consolidação das memórias. Esta dissertação investigou os efeitos de diferentes estratégias neuroprotetoras (exercício físico, suplementação com chá verde, e, enriquecimento ambiental) nos déficits de memória advindos da deprivação maternal. Para avaliar a função mnemônica, foi utilizado um modelo animal de DM (em ratos Wistar) e os testes de reconhecimento de objetos, esquiva inibitória e labirinto aquático de Morris. Para avaliar o balanço redox hipocampal quantificamos espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), níveis de glutationa (GSH) e capacidade antioxidante total (FRAP), além disso, determinamos a atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase e a quantificamos os níveis de BDNF. Nossos resultados demonstram que o exercício físico e o chá verde são estratégias antioxidantes eficazes de neuroproteção em um modelo de DM. Também demonstram que o enriquecimento ambiental é capaz de reverter os efeitos deletérios oriundos da DM por meio do incremento dos níveis de BDNF. Estes resultados revelam a possibilidade da utilização dessas intervenções como estratégia de neuroproteção.
Maternal deprivation is a potent stressor in the early life of mammalian, leading to several cognitive deficits that remain until adulthood. Among the mechanisms involved in these deficits are the oxidative imbalance and the alterations in some proteins, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), events that can occur in different brain regions, as the hippocampus, the main region responsible for the memory formation and consolidation. This master thesis investigated the effects of different neuroprotective strategies (physical exercise, green tea supplementation, and environmental enrichment) on memory deficits related to maternal deprivation (MD). To evaluate the mnemonic function was used an animal model of MD (using Wistar rats) and the object recognition, inhibitory avoidance and Morris water maze memory tests. To evaluate hippocampal redox balance we quantified the reactive oxygen species (ROS), the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), the glutathione levels (GSH) and the total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), as well as determine the acetylcholinesterase activity and the BDNF levels. Our results show that physical exercise and green tea are effective neuroprotective antioxidant strategies in a MD model. They also demonstrate that environmental enrichment is capable to reverse the deleterious effects of MD by increasing BDNF levels. These results reveal the possibility of using these interventions as a neuroprotection strategy.
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Waters, Cerith S. „Young motherhood, maternal psychopathology and children's cognitive, behavioural and emotional development“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54504/.
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The corpus of research contained in this thesis is concerned with the psychological correlates and consequences of an early transition to parenthood for mothers and children. In light of the recent demographic shifts in the postponement of marriage and parenthood, particular attention was given to women who entered motherhood in their early twenties, as well as to teenage mothers. Using data from two prospective longitudinal cohorts in the United Kingdom, three interlocking studies were conducted to chart the course of mental health problems in young mothers and the risks for mental health problems and cognitive deficits in their children. Study 1 found that women who entered parenthood in their teenage and early twenties years are at an increased risk of experiencing a depressive episode during pregnancy and, in the 11 year period that followed their child's birth, most went on to experience subsequent episodes. Study 2 demonstrated that the increased prevalence of antenatal depression among the women who became mothers at young ages, along with the sub-optimal antenatal and postnatal environments they provided, partly accounted for the elevated rates of emotional disorder and cognitive deficits in their offspring. Study 3 replicated the finding of high rates of antenatal depression in a new sample of young mothers and identified four core predictors of their psychopathology: housing dissatisfaction, serious relationship difficulties, a personal history of affective disorder and a family history of psychiatric illness. Across both samples, high rates of antenatal substance use by both groups of young mothers were also observed. These findings call for intervention programmes for adolescent mothers to focus on the antenatal as well the postnatal period, and the expansion of such initiatives to address the needs of early twenties mothers and their offspring.
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Illingworth, Gaby. „Maternal mind-mindedness : a cognitive-behavioural trait or a relational construct?“ Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2014. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/730382b8-fde6-44d6-9582-0eaa6e731b17/1/.
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Background: Maternal mind-mindedness describes mothers’ tendency to attribute internal states to their children (Meins, 1997) and has been shown to have clear links with positive developmental outcomes for children. However, the nature of the construct has not yet been fully explored. Maternal mind-mindedness has been described as both a cognitive-behavioural trait and as a relational construct but crucially designs have included only one child per mother so it has not been possible to investigate whether a mother’s mind-mindedness is related with different children. This thesis aimed to examine the extent to which maternal mind-mindedness can be seen as a cognitive-behavioural trait or a relational construct, dependent on specific mother-child relationships. Method: Thirty-two mothers with two children between 21⁄2 and 10 years took part in two assessments, nine months apart. Mothers’ relationships with more than one child were investigated concurrently and across time. Mothers’ representational and interactional mind-mindedness were assessed as well as their tendency to use mental-state explanations (psychological mindedness). Child contributions to mind-mindedness were assessed through maternal report and observer ratings of child temperament and behaviour. Results: Mothers’ representational mind-mindedness was inconsistent across relationships with two children and a partner/friend. Conversely, mothers’ interactional mind-mindedness was found to be highly consistent across relationships with two children. Mothers’ representational and interactional mind-mindedness were not consistently related to their psychological mindedness or to child temperament and behaviour. Representational and interactional measures of mind-mindedness were unrelated. Conclusion: Support was found for mothers’ representational mind-mindedness as a relational construct and mothers’ interactional mind-mindedness as a trait. However, neither was associated with child temperament and behaviour or reflected a general tendency in the mother to consider psychological factors. The results suggest that representational and interactional maternal mind-mindedness are discrete and should be viewed as different constructs. The theoretical, methodological and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Cantacorps, Centellas Lídia 1991. „Effects of maternal binge alcohol consumption on emotional, cognitive and addictive behaviour in mice“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667941.
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Maternal alcohol binge drinking during pregnancy can be deleterious for the developing foetus, leading to a wide range of long-lasting morphological and neurobehavioural disabilities known as foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, associated with a higher risk of developing substance use disorders later in life. We sought to assess the effects of prenatal and postnatal alcohol exposure on cognitive, emotional, motor and addictive behaviour in mice and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Pregnant C57BL/6 female mice underwent a procedure to model alcohol binge drinking either during gestation or throughout both the gestation and lactation periods. Then, male offspring were assessed for their behaviour at adulthood. Binge alcohol exposure during early brain development induces cognitive deficits, increased anxiety-like behaviour, motor coordination impairments, and age-dependent locomotor activity alterations. Behavioural effects are associated with an upregulation of pro-inflammatory signalling, gliosis, neuronal death, myelin impairments and epigenetic modifications in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, early alcohol exposed mice show alterations in brain network connectivity. Curcumin treatment ameliorates anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions, and rescues alcohol-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, mice exposed to alcohol in utero and postnatally show increased susceptibility to later alcohol and cocaine intake compared with their counterparts. Molecular analyses of the prefrontal cortex and striatum of these animals suggest alterations in the glutamatergic excitability within the mesocorticolimbic reward system following cocaine-induced reinstatement. Altogether, our results reveal that maternal binge-like alcohol consumption induces molecular alterations in offspring’s brain that may underlie the long-lasting impairments in offspring’s behaviour.El consum maternal d’alcohol en afartament durant l’embaràs pot resultar perjudicial per al fetus en desenvolupament, donant lloc a una àmplia gamma de discapacitats físiques i mentals conegudes com a trastorns de l’espectre alcohòlic fetal que persisteixen al llarg de la vida i estan associades a un major risc de desenvolupar trastorns d’ús de substàncies en el futur. En aquesta tesi hem tractat d’avaluar els efectes de l’exposició prenatal i postnatal a l’alcohol en la conducta cognitiva, emocional, motora i addictiva en ratolins i els mecanismes moleculars subjacents a aquests. Les femelles de ratolins C57BL/6 embarassades van ser sotmeses a un procediment per modelar el consum d’alcohol en afartament durant la gestació o bé, al llarg dels períodes de gestació i lactància. A continuació es va avaluar el comportament de la descendència masculina a l’edat adulta. S’ha observat que l’exposició d’alcohol en afartament durant el desenvolupament cerebral indueix dèficits cognitius, augment de l’ansietat, alteracions de coordinació motora i de l’activitat locomotora en funció de l’edat. Els efectes del comportament estan associats a un increment de la senyalització proinflamatòria, gliosi, mort neuronal, deteriorament de la mielina i modificacions epigenètiques en el còrtex prefrontal i l’hipocamp, així com també alteracions en la connectivitat de la xarxa neuronal. El tractament de curcumina alleuja l’ansietat i les disfuncions cognitives, i restableix la neuroinflamació induïda per l’alcohol. A més, els ratolins exposats a l’alcohol durant la gestació i la lactància mostren una major susceptibilitat a la ingesta posterior d’alcohol i cocaïna en comparació amb els seus homòlegs. Els anàlisis moleculars de l’escorça prefrontal i de l’estriat d’aquests animals suggereixen la presència d’alteracions en l’excitabilitat glutamatèrgica en el sistema de recompensa mesocorticolimbic després de la recaiguda induïda per cocaïna. En conjunt, els nostres resultats indiquen que el consum maternal d’alcohol en afartament provoca alteracions moleculars en el cervell de la descendència com a mecanisme subjacent a les alteracions relatives al comportament persistents.
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Hauswald, Anne. „Directed forgetting of emotional material : cognitive and neural mechanisms /“. Konstanz, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000256217.
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Shchekutin, Nikita [Verfasser]. „Layout Optimization for Cognitive Material Flow Systems / Nikita Shchekutin“. Garbsen : TEWISS - Technik und Wissen GmbH, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196044139/34.
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Hauswald, Anne. „Directed forgetting of emotional material cognitive and neural mechanisms /“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-72561.
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Cuisinier-Piekut, Frédérique. „Comportements éducatifs maternels et orientation cognitive des enfants“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H097.
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Garland, Katherine Jane. „Cognitive differences for learning from computer-based and printed material“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364873.
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Wilson, Charlotte. „The role of maternal behaviour and cognitions in the development of young children's behaviour problems“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301649.
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Puckering, Christine. „Relationships between maternal depression and some aspects of children's cognitive and emotional development“. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417390.
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Duran, Petra Ann. „Maternal Behavior of Latina Adolescent Mothers and their Toddlers’ Cognitive and Language Functioning“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1289326119.
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Ridout, Nathan. „Processing of emotional material in major depression : cognitive and neuropsychological investigations“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13141.
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The aim of this thesis was to expand the existing knowledge base concerning the profile of emotional processing that is associated with major depression, particularly in terms of socially important non-verbal stimuli (e.g. emotional facial expressions). Experiment one utilised a face-word variant of the emotional Stroop task and demonstrated that depressed patients (DP) did not exhibit a selective attention bias for sad faces. Conversely, the healthy controls (HC) were shown to selectively attend to happy faces. At recognition memory testing, DP did not exhibit a memory bias for depression-relevant words, but did demonstrate a tendency to falsely recognise depression-relevant words that had not been presented at encoding. Experiment two examined the pattern of autobiographical memory (ABM) retrieval exhibited by DP and HC in response to verbal (words) and non-verbal (images & faces) affective cues. DP were slower than HC to retrieve positive ABMs, but did not differ from HC in their retrieval times for negative ABMs. Overall, DP retrieved fewer specific ABMs than did the HC. Participants retrieved more specific ABMs to image cues than to words or faces, but this pattern was only demonstrated by the HC. Reduced retrieval of specific ABMs by DP was a consequence of increased retrieval of categorical ABMs; this tendency was particularly marked when the participants were cued with faces. During experiment three, DP and HC were presented with a series of faces and were asked to identify the gender of the person featured in each photograph. Overall, gender identification times were not affected by the emotion portrayed by the faces. Furthermore at subsequent recognition memory testing, DP did not exhibit MCM bias for sad faces. During experiment four, DP and HC were presented with videotaped depictions of 'realistic' social interactions and were asked to identify the emotion portrayed by the characters and to make inferences about the thoughts, intentions and beliefs of these individuals. Overall, DP were impaired in their recognition of happiness and in understanding social interactions involving sarcasm and deception. Correct social inference was significantly related to both executive function and depression severity. Experiment five involved assessing a group of eight patients that had undergone neurosurgery for chronic, treatment-refractory depression on the identical emotion recognition and social perception tasks that were utilised in experiment four. Relative to HC, surgery patients (SP) exhibited general deficits on all emotion recognition and social processing tasks. Notably, depression status did not appear to interact with surgery status to worsen these observed deficits. These findings suggest that the anterior cingulate region of the prefrontal cortex may play a role in correct social inference. Summary: Taken together the findings of the five experimental studies of the thesis demonstrate that, in general, biases that have been observed in DP processing of affective verbal material generalise to non-verbal emotional material (e.g. emotional faces). However, there are a number of marked differences that have been highlighted throughout the thesis. There is also evidence that biased emotional processing in DP requires explicit processing of the emotional content of the stimuli. Furthermore, a central theme of the thesis is that deficits in executive function in DP appear to be implicated in the impairments of emotional processing that are exhibited by these patients.
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Moon, Won Wook. „Development of guiding principles for preparation of effective Bible study materials for Korean Christians“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Williams, Robert Frederick. „Making meaning from a clock : material artifacts and conceptual blending in time-telling instruction /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3137239.
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Sousa, João Carlos Moreno de. „Cognição e cultura no mundo material: os Itaparicas, os Umbus e os \"Lagoassantenses\"“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-26092014-160812/.
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A partir de uma abordagem que considera as ciências cognitivas como um caminho eficaz para buscar compreender o homem e a cultura através de vestígios materiais, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo central entender os processos cognitivos da relação \"homem x paisagem\", de grupos que ocuparam o Brasil durante o Holoceno Inicial, através da análise de algumas indústrias líticas. O método de análise proposto não privilegia apenas os artefatos formais destas indústrias, mas todos os vestígios líticos provenientes da vida de um artefato. As indústrias líticas em questão tratam-se das indústrias classificadas pelo Programa Nacional de Pesquisas Arqueológicas (PRONAPA), nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, como pertencentes às culturas arqueológicas \"Tradição Itaparica\" e \"Tradição Umbu\", e uma indústria proveniente da região de Lagoa-Santa, Minas Gerais. Esta análise proporcionará dados que posteriormente servirão como base para compreender as razões da distinção entre estas indústrias que surgiram no Brasil entre 12.000 - 9.000 AP, além de contribuir na construção de modelos de construção de conhecimento humano em diferentes sociedades pré-históricas.From an approach that considers the cognitive sciences as an effective way to try to understand man and culture through material remains, this research project has as main objective to understand the cognitive processes of the \"human x environment\" relationship, from groups that occupied the Brazilian territory during the Initial Holocene, trough the analysis of some lithic industries. The proposed analysis method focuses not only the formal artifacts of these industries, but all traces of life from the lithic artifact. The referenced lithic industries are the industries classified by the National Program of Archaeological Research (PRONAPA) in the 1960s and 1970s, as belonging to the archaeological cultures \"Tradition Itaparica\" and \" Tradition Umbu\", and also an industry from the region of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais. This analysis will provide data that allows having a basis for understanding the reasons for the distinction between those industries that emerged in Brazil between 12,000 BP and 9,000 BP, and contribute in the formulation of building human knowledge models in different prehistoric societies.
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Wong, Hgoc-kei, und 黃學麒. „A VR-based information visualization framework for effective perception and cognition in manual material handling system“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210299.
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Overmann, Karenleigh Anne. „Materiality in numerical cognition : material engagement theory and the counting technologies of the ancient Near East“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d0e3925-5207-4858-9820-681ba97c6867.
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Using the Material Engagement Theory of Cognitive Archaeologist Lambros Malafouris as its framework, the thesis offers a unique synthesis of data from neuroscience, ethnography, linguistics, and archaeology to outline how number concepts are realized, manipulated, and elaborated. The process is described as an interactivity of psychological processes like numerosity, behaviors that manipulate objects into concept-generating stimuli, and material objects with semiotic qualities distinct from those of language and agency distinct from that of brains and bodies. The counting technologies of the Ancient Near East (ANE) are then analyzed through archaeological and textual evidence spanning the late Upper Paleolithic to the Bronze Age, from the first realization of number concepts in a pristine original condition to their elaboration into one of the ancient world's greatest mathematical traditions, a foundation for mathematical thinking today. Insights from the way numbers are realized through psychological-behavioral-material interactivity are used to challenge three dominant conceptualizations of ANE numbers: first, the idea that the ANE numerical lexicon would have counted only to very low numbers; second, that Neolithic tokens were the first counting technology; and third, that numbers were 'concrete' before they became 'abstract'. Considering archaeological evidence from the Epipaleolithic Levant and drawing on linguistic and ethnographic evidence to characterize the regional prehistory, the thesis suggests that the numerical lexicon would have included relatively high numbers prior to the Neolithic; that finger-counting (linguistically attested) and tallies (archaeologically attested) would have preceded tokens; and that numbers are 'abstract' concepts whose content changes in conjunction with the incorporation and use of different material forms. The evidence provided to support these alternatives implies that numbers may have originated in the late Upper Paleolithic and arithmetic early in the Neolithic, pushing the onset of these capabilities further back than is commonly held. In addition to tallies and tokens, the thesis explores fingers and numerical notations as material artifacts, enabling an analysis of how materiality might structure numerical concepts, influence a number system's capabilities, limitations, and elaboration potential, and affect brains and behavior over cultural spans of time. Insights generated by the case study are then applied to the role of materiality in cognition more generally, including how concepts become distributed across multiple material forms; the reasons why materiality might be transparent (or invisible) in cognition; and the differences between thinking through and thinking about materiality.
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Queiroz, Michelly Pires. „Impacto da suplementação materna com ácido linoleico conjugado sobre a maturação reflexa e função cognitiva da prole de ratos“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9445.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The essential fatty acids are important lipids for formation of the central nervous system. During pregnancy and lactation the intake need is increased to further development of this system. The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid consisting of isomers of linoleic acid. The CLA is naturally produced by ruminant animals and is found in food products such as milk fat and meat of these animals. The CLA has been widely investigated because of its many beneficial health effects, however the effects of CLA on isolated CNS changes at this stage of life have not yet been investigated. This study aims to investigate the impact of maternal diet with different concentrations of CLA during pregnancy and lactation on the neonatal reflex maturation and cognitive function in rats. To this end, three groups were formed: the control group (GC) received a standard diet without added CLA; The GCLA1 group received the experimental diet containing 1% CLA and GCLA3 containing 3% CLA. After birth, the reflex responses were surveyed between 1 and 21 postnatal day, as well as the measurement of head size and body weight. At 42 days old, the animals participated in the habituation to the open field test, the second exposure occured after 7 days. For the evaluation of declarative memory, it was performed for object recognition test 3 days after the habituation test using the open field. After the test the animals were anesthetized and euthanized by cardiac puncture. The analyzes were compared by one way ANOVA test followed by the Holm Sidak test, considering significant difference for p <0.05. We used the Sigma start program for data analysis. The GCLA 1 and GCA3 showed acceleration in reflex maturation of puppies for most of the evaluated parameters. Body weight was higher compared to the control group (p <0.05). To assess the extent of the head, it can be seen that the GCLA1 and GCLA3 presented in laterolateral size measurements when compared to controls. In the anteroposterior extent GCLA1 and GCA3 shown to be lower when compared to the control group on day 1, with an increase in the perimeter evaluated in GCLA3 to compare it GCLA1 on the 7th and 21th day (p <0.05). On habituation in the open field test just wandered GCLA3 least the second open field indicating exposure to facilitating memory (p <0.05). In the long term object recognition test, a significant difference when comparing the time of exploration of familiar object to the time of operation of the new object occured in the GC, GCLA1 and GCLA3. Moreover, with respect to the explored ratio of the objects in GCLA1 there was a significant increase compared to GC and GCLA3 compared with GCLA1 (p <0.05). Maternal treatment with CLA anticipates reflex maturation, increases body weight, head size and improves responses in memory tests in the offspring of rats.
Os ácidos graxos essenciais são lipídios muito importantes para a formação do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Durante a gestação e lactação sua necessidade encontra-se aumentada para melhor desenvolvimento deste sistema. O Ácido Linoleico Conjugado (CLA) é um ácido graxo formado por isômeros de ácido linoleico. Este ácido graxo vem sendo investigado devido aos seus prováveis efeitos benéficos à saúde, porém os efeitos da mistura de CLA sobre alterações do SNC durante a fase de gestação e lactação ainda não foram investigados. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o impacto de dieta materna com diferentes concentrações de CLA durante a gestação e lactação sobre a maturação reflexa neonatal e função cognitiva em ratos. Para tanto, foram formados 3 grupos: O Grupo Controle (GC) recebeu a dieta padrão sem adição de CLA; O Grupo GCLA1, a dieta experimental contendo 1% de CLA e o GCLA3, contendo 3% de CLA. Após o nascimento, as respostas reflexas foram avaliadas entre o 1º e 21º dia pós-natal, como também a aferição do tamanho da cabeça e o peso corporal. Aos 42 dias de vida, os animais participaram do teste de habituação ao campo aberto, sendo a segunda exposição após 7 dias. Para a avaliação da memória declarativa, foi realizado o teste de reconhecimento de objetos 7 dias após o teste de habituação, usando o campo aberto. Após os testes os animais foram anestesiados e eutanasiados por punção cardíaca. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste One Way ANOVA seguidas pelo teste de Tukey para os dados paramétricos e o teste Kruskal Wallis para os dados não paramétricos, considerando-se diferença significativa para p < 0,05. Utilizou-se o programa Sigma Start para a análise dos dados. Os GCLA 1 e GCA3 mostraram aceleração na maturação reflexa de filhotes para a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. O peso corporal foi mais elevado em comparação com o grupo de controlo (p <0,05). Ao avaliar a medida da cabeça, podese observar que o GCLA1 e o GCLA3 apresentaram maior tamanho nas medidas laterolateral quando comparado ao controle. Já na medida anteroposterior o GCLA1 e GCLA3 mostraram-se menor quando comparado ao GC no 1º dia, havendo um aumento no perímetro avaliado no GCLA3 ao compara-lo GCLA1 no 7º e 21º dia (p<0,05). No teste de habituação no campo aberto apenas o GCLA3 deambulou menos na segunda exposição ao campo aberto indicando facilitação da memória (p<0,05). No teste de reconhecimento de objetos a longo prazo, houve diferença estatística significativa quando comparado o tempo de exploração do objeto familiar ao tempo de exploração do objeto novo nos GC, GCLA1 e GCLA3. Além disso, com relação à taxa de exploração dos objetos, no GCLA1 essa diferença foi observada quando comparado ao GC, e o GCLA3 ao GCLA1 (p<0,05). O tratamento materno com CLA antecipa maturação reflexa, aumenta o peso corporal, tamanho da cabeça e melhora respostas em testes de memória na prole de ratas.
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Mullineaux, Paula Y. „Maternal and child characteristics of mother-twin interactions and their impact on cognitive outcomes /“. Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1208144921&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, Hannah Lawman, Allison Lowe, Hannah Abel und Holly Stott. „Temperament Moderates Cognitive Function at 15 Months“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4938.
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It is becoming increasingly clear that infants’ and toddlers’ temperament may play a central role in their cognitive and linguistic functioning. Research has found, for example, that at 21 months of age, children’s “attentional focus” moderates the extent that environmental distractions prevent them from learning novel words or solving nonlinguistic problems. The purpose of the present investigation was to explore the extent that dimensions of temperament moderate the performance of 15-month-olds on two typical nonlinguistic problemsolving tasks in the presence of environmental distractions. Forty-two 15-month olds visited the lab and were presented two tasks: “feed bear” and “make a rattle.” Infants were familiarized with the two sets of props initially, and then were presented models of desired action sequences. Half the children experienced a distraction during the feed bear task, the remaining were distracted during make a rattle. For each task, four dependent variables were scored: number of target actions performed, variety of target actions performed, longest chain of target actions performed, and number of pairs of actions performed in order. Temperament was measured via maternal report using the Early Child Behavior Questionnaire. Multivariate analyses revealed that children’s performance varied as a function of task [F(5, 24) = 5.42, p = .001]. The distractions also attenuated the effects of the model for both feed bear [univariate Fs(1, 40) = 4.21 to 9.22, ps = .047 to .018] and make a rattle [univariate Fs (1, 40) = 4.08 to 6.08, ps = .050 to .018]. Interactions of these effects with temperament were many, but complex. For example, low intensity pleasure moderated distracter effects, but only for feed bear [Fs(1, 27) = 5.19 to 9.73, ps = .031 to .004]. In other analyses, toddlers low in perceptual sensitivity benefited more from the model than did children high on that dimension [F’s(1, 28) = 3.71 to 6.67, p’s = .064 to .015)]. A number of additional temperament related findings also obtained. There is considerable reason to continue explorations into potential roles that temperament may play in infants’ cognitive and language development. Results from the present study extend previous findings to the 15-month age period, which, to our knowledge, has not been investigated in previous research. The present results also suggest that roles played by temperament may be exceptionally complex, and highlight the multifaceted internal and external experiences through which children must navigate to become competent thinkers and communicators in an adult world.
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Wacharasin, Chintana. „Predicting child cognitive development in low-income families /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7252.
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Davidson, Patrick. „Item and source memory with emotional materials in young and older adults“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280467.
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Emotional experiences seem to be easier to remember than neutral ones, but whether memory for all aspects of an experience is improved by emotion remains unclear. Some researchers have argued that the influence of emotion is different on memory for item versus source information, whereas others have argued that emotion affects both similarly. Also, whether item and source memory are affected by emotion in older people in the same way as young people is currently unknown. This dissertation examined the relations among item and source memory, emotion, and aging. In Experiment 1, young people and older adults were asked to report memory for source information surrounding a real life event (i.e., how they heard about the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001). No age differences were found in source memory, suggesting that emotion improves memory for contextual information, especially in older adults. This hypothesis was subsequently tested in a series of laboratory studies, in which item and source memory for emotional and neutral materials was examined in young people and older adults. Memory for emotional items was superior to memory for neutral items in both young and older adults, whereas the emotional content of the stimulus, for the most part, had no effect on source memory. However, source memory was improved when the source itself (tone of voice) was made emotional (in Experiments 3 and 4), although item memory was generally unaffected by this manipulation. Overall, item and source memory were poorer in older people compared to young, but emotion seemed to have a similar effect on both age groups. The dissociable influences of emotion on item and source memory suggest that by and large these two kinds of memory processing occur independently of one another.
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Tregoat, Virginie. „Cinétique de paramètres de l'immunité muqueuse innée et cognitive dans le lait maternel“. Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10066.
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L'étude de la dynamique des concentrations des facteurs immunitaires du lait maternel au cours de la lactation permet de mieux comprendre les effets bénéfiques de l'allaitement pour le nouveau-né immunodéprimé. Ce travail s'est intéressé à l'évolution des concentrations de molécules impliquées dans l'immunité innée (fractions du complément C3, C4, MBL) et dans l'immunité spécifique (IgA, chaînes légères K, γ, IgA1, IgA2, IgA spécifiques d'antigènes alimentaires et bactériens buccaux). Les techniques de dosage en immunonéphélémétrie mises au point dans ce travail sont précises et reproductibles. Elles permettent de noter la décroissance des diverses molécules au cours de la lactation. Elevées dans le colostrum, les concentrations chutent de manière drastique dans le lait de transition puis dans le lait mature. La chute des taux de ces diverses molécules est caractérisée par des inversions séquentielles des ratios correspondants: vers le 5ème jour pour le ratio C3/C4, le 7ème et le 30ème jour respectivement pour K/γ et IgA1/IgA2. Les concentrations en C3, C4 et IgA sont de plus affectées par le degré de prématurité de la grossesse, les taux de ces molécules immunitaires étant d'autant plus élevés et persistants que la prématurité est importante. L'apport de ces diverses molécules directement disponibles pour le nouveau-né est sans doute de lui permettre de faire face aux antigènes environnementaux, d'assurer un contrôle de l'implantation bactérienne de la flore endogène muqueuse tout en stimulant le système immunitaire en développement.
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Robertson, Chelsea L. „Exploring the Moderating Effect of Maternal Scaffolding on The Temperament - Language Development Relationship“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3613.
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Many studies have examined the relationship between a child’s temperament and its effect on his or her early language development. However, few studies have investigated the detrimental effects a child’s negative affectivity may have on their language development and potential ways these effects may be limited through parental behaviors. The current study aimed to investigate if physical or verbal maternal scaffolding behaviors moderated the effect negative affect has on language development. Although it was expected that maternal encouragement of physical activity would play a moderating role in the relationship between temperament and language development, no such relationship was found. One explanation for these findings is the operationalization of maternal scaffolding behaviors in the present study; previous studies have also included instances of emotional and motivational scaffolding. Future efforts should aim to incorporate a broader range of potential scaffolding behaviors in their coding protocols.
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Clausell, Andria R. „Maternal Scaffolding and First Graders' Near and Far Transfer on Problem-Solving Tasks“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/283.
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This study examined correlations between four dimensions of maternal scaffolding, maternal beliefs and values, children’s temperament, and children’s performance and use of self‑regulation strategies on problem‑solving tasks. There are two foci of this study: examining factors that predict the quality of maternal scaffolding, and assessing the relationship between quality of maternal scaffolding and children’s problem solving. Participants consisted of 10 mother‑child dyads in the experimental group and 10 children in the control group. Using a pre- and post‑test design, children were given near and far transfer independent problem‑solving tasks. The experimental group also worked with their mothers on one task during a scaffolded interaction. Maternal beliefs predicted quality of maternal scaffolding, and quality of maternal scaffolding predicted children’s monitoring during the post‑test. Mothers’ scaffolding techniques appear to be related to their beliefs about parenting and educating children, and children appear to learn certain self‑regulation strategies during optimal scaffolded interactions.
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Keshvari, Shaiyan (Shaiyan Oliver). „At the interface of materials and objects in peripheral vision“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107873.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-77).
Humans are able to simultaneously perceive the world as discrete, distinct "objects", as well as regions of statistical regularity, or "textures". This is evident in the way we describe our perceptual world. A street is made up of concrete and asphalt "stuff", while the people and dogs walking on it are the "things" that make use of it. Both of these types of representation, however, are derived from the same sensory input, and thus there must exist transformations that map one to the other. A complete model of perception must account for these transformations. I study the representations that lie at the interface of object and texture perception in vision, focusing on utilizing the intrinsically impaired perception in the periphery to disambiguate the predictions of different models. I find that many seemingly separate perceptual phenomena in crowding can be better understood as different aspects of a single underlying model. I extend this to the study of material perception, and find that considering images of materials as visual textures can explain human's ability to recognize materials in the periphery. Furthermore, I examine how the limitations of peripheral vision affects the perception of visual designs, namely webpages.
by Shaiyan Keshvari.
Ph. D.
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Lombardi, Caitlin McPherran. „Early Maternal Employment and Children's Academic and Behavioral Skills: a Comparative Analysis“. Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3345.
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Thesis advisor: Rebekah L. ColeyThe goal of this dissertation was to delineate the repercussions of early maternal employment for children's early developmental competencies in the U.S., Australia, and the U.K. and to test economic and psychological theories regarding potential mechanisms linking maternal employment with children's development, including time, money, and stress. Prior research has focused on older, non-representative cohorts of American children, with results suggesting full-time employment in the first year after childbirth is linked with lower cognitive and behavioral skills. It is unclear if these same patterns exist in more recent cohorts and in other countries with differing cultural expectations and policy environments for families, most notably more comprehensive parental leave policies. Data came from representative samples of children born in each country between 2000 and 2004: (1) the U.S.'s Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N=10,100), (2) Australia's Longitudinal Study of Australian Children-Birth Cohort (N=5,093), and (3) the U.K.'s Millennium Cohort Study (N= 18,497). In each dataset, mother's employment data were coded to assess the month of entry into employment following childbirth. Extensive, well-validated direct assessment, mother report, and teacher report measures assessed children's cognitive and behavioral skills following entry into formal schooling. Descriptive data showed very different patterns of entry into employment: American mothers entered employment the earliest and at the highest intensity with more gradual, lower intensity returns by Australian and British mothers. OLS regression models weighted with propensity scores and controlling for a rich array of child and maternal characteristics suggested that early movements into employment had few associations with children's cognitive or behavioral skills in any of the countries. These neutral associations were not differentiated by maternal time, stress, or wages. However, as non-maternal household income decreased, early employment was linked with higher cognitive skills in the U.S. while employment begun before two years was linked with higher behavioral skills in Australia. There was no evidence of moderation by non-maternal household income in the U.K. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for work family policy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
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Wintfeld, Jessica. „Children of incarcerated mothers the effect of maternal incarceration on child cognitive, behavioral and educational outcomes /“. CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/7000.
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