Dissertationen zum Thema „Matériau diélectrique à haute permittivité“
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Baudot, Sylvain. „Elaboration et caractérisation des grilles métalliques pour les technologiesCMOS 32 / 28 nm à base de diélectrique haute permittivité“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT122/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is about the manufacturing and the characterization of TiN, aluminum and lanthanum metal gate for high-k based 32/28nm CMOS technologies. The effect of metal gate layer thickness and composition has been characterized on 32/28nm technology parameters. These results have been related to a change in the TiN vacuum work function, to Al- and La- induced dipoles at the HfSiON/SiON interface or their lowering on thin SiON (roll-off). We have shown that metallic aluminum introduced in the TiN metal gate causes a work function lowering, opposed to the weak Al-induced dipole. We have evaluated the roll-off influence for theses different metals. For the first time we report the strong roll-off dependence with the deposited lanthanum thickness. Newly developed TiN, Al, La deposition processes have brought benefits for the CMOS 32/28nm technology
Aulagner, Emmanuel. „Elaboration et étude des propriétés diélectriques de films minces de polyfluorure de vinylidène et de polypropylène chargés d'une céramique à haute permittivité relative“. Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDi, Geronimo Camacho Elizabeth Carolina. „Synthesis, high-pressure study and dielectric characterization of two lead-free perovskite materials : SrTi1-xZrxO3 and KNb1-xTaxO3“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT208/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerovskite materials whose general chemical formula is ABO3 are one of the most study ferroelectrics due to the interesting properties that they have for technological applications. However, their properties are directly related to structural phase transitions that could depend of temperature, composition and pressure. In the studies presented here, we first examined the high-pressure behavior of two perovskite materials SrTi1-xZrxO3 (STZ) and KNb1-XTaXO3 (KNT), and we later continued to investigate different sintering techniques in order to improve the densification, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of K(Nb0.40Ta0.60)O3 and (KxNa1-x)Nb0.6Ta0.4O3 ceramics.High-pressure Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction investigations of SrTi1-xZrxO3 (x= 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) and KNb1-XTaXO3 (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.9) powders were conducted in diamond anvil cells. Raman scattering experiments showed and increased of Raman modes with pressure for the STZ samples, which indicates that pressure induced phase transitions towards lower symmetry for these compounds.Moreover, high pressure Raman spectroscopy experiments showed a decrease of the Raman modes as the pressure was increased for the KNT samples, showing that pressure induced phase transitions towards higher symmetries. The evolution of the main Raman modes for the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were followed until the cubic phase was reach, and allowed us to propose a pressure-composition phase diagram for the KNT compounds.Three different sintering techniques, sintered aids, two step sintering and spark plasma sintering, were used on K(Nb0.4Ta0.6)O3 and (KxNa1-x)Nb0.6Ta0.4O3 ceramics. The use of KF as sintered aid and the two step sintering method showed an improvement of the dielectric constant and dielectric losses of these samples. SPS samples presented a fine microstructure with the highest density and the best ferroelectric behavior. We did not detect any changes on the Curie temperature due the amount of Na but and increase of the dielectric constant and the ferroelectric properties was observed due to the amount of Na
Ihara, Kou. „Οptimizing οf metal-insulatοr-metal capacitοrs perfοrmances by atοmic layer depοsitiοn : advancing prοductiοn efficiency and thrοughput“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs semiconductor technology progresses, the need to overcome the limitations of shrinking device sizes is considered paramount. While Moore’s law has guided this evolution over the past five decades, the constraints of the active components are now obvious as manufacturing processes approach the atomic scale. More Than Moore's approach has emerged to address this, emphasizing the integration and miniaturization of heterogeneous chips to enable the stacking of diverse system functionalities. However, integrating passive components poses significant challenges due to their production via disparate processes. Addressing this challenge, Murata Integrated Passive Solutions invented the Passive Integrated Connecting Substrate (PICS) technology, facilitating the integration of silicon-based passive components into 3D structures. The latest iteration, PICS5, leverages an anodic aluminum oxide template and Metal-Insulator-Metal stack deposition via atomic layer deposition. This thesis contributed to the ongoing refinement of PICS5 technology by enhancing the properties of 3D capacitors and exploring the potential of high-k dielectric materials (Nb2O5). This research aimed to optimize component performance and anticipate future challenges in semiconductor innovation by clarifying the nuances of thin film deposition processes and ALD equipment conditions
Lacrevaz, Thierry. „Caractérisation hyperfréquences de matériaux isolants de haute permittivité en vue de l'intégration de fonctions passives dans les circuits intégrés avancés“. Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo improve the performances of the high-speed integrated circuits, integration density, speed and reliability, high permittivity insulators are progressively introduced in the design of Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) to increase the capacitance density and then to reduce their sizes. Many dielectrics such as Si3N4, Ta2O5, HfO2 or STO seem to be appropriated according to their characteristics at low frequencies. However, the complex permittivity εr (real permittivity εr ' and loses εr ") of insulators can vary with frequency : relaxation and resonance phenomenon can appear as the theory predicts. Then it is necessary to analyze the behavior of these materials on a large spectrum in order to select the dielectric which is the most stable in frequency before developing technological processes necessary to its integration. We propose a characterization method able to analyze the performances of these new insulators, deposited in planar layers, on a large frequency range (from 40 MHz to 40 GHz) before integrating them within a technological line. The in situ characterization technique that is used is based on a test structure that integrates the material to characterize in its manufacturing environment under a coplanar wave guide (CPW). This one then allows the large wave frequency study of the complex permittivity of the High-K material
Delhaye, Gabriel. „Oxydes cristallins à haute permittivité diélectrique épitaxiés sur silicium : SrO et SrTiO3“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/gdelhaye.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the epitaxial crystalline oxide growth on silicon is of great interest for the future CMOS technologies or monolithic integration on silicon : the miniaturization of the micro-electronic devices leads to the replacement of the SiO2 gate oxide by crystalline oxides with high dielectric permittivity. The control of the crystalline oxide growth must also allow integration of functional oxide on silicon with ferroelectric, magnetic or optical properties, thus opening the way with the development of new devices. The studies undertaken in this work are related to the growth of crystalline oxides on silicon at low temperatures with molecular beam epitaxy and the development of strategies of suitable interface engineering. The deposited materials were on the one hand the rare earth oxides such as SrO, Ba×Sr1-×O and the other hand, oxides of perovskite type such as SrTiO3, BaTiO3 or LaAIO3. A first step has consisted in defining and optimizing the conditions of homo-epitaxy and hetero-epitaxy of oxide on oxide, for the systems SrO/SrTiO3, SrTiO3/SrTiO, BaTi3/SrTiO3 and LaAlO3/SrTiO3. The feasibility to realise crystalline oxide hetero-structures was thus studied from the point of view of functional oxide integration on semiconducteur. In a second step, we achived to control the crystalline oxide epitaxy on silicon, by studying more particularly the systems SrO/Si and SrTiO3/Si : strontium oxide can be grown at ambient temperature with formation of an abrupt interface, without silica to the interface. At a higher temperature of 500°C, depositing some mono-layers of SrO leads on the other hand to the formation of a mono-crystalline silicate of composition close to Sr2SiO4. However, the interface strontium silicate/Si has a poor thermodynamic stability, due to interfacial reactions during annealings at high temperature. We also developed a strategy of epitaxial growth of SrTiO3 on silicon based on the succession of various steps : an engineering of interface with formation of a strontium silicide, a recrystallization at low temperature of some mono-layers of SrTiO3 and the subsequent epitaxy at higher temperature. Thus, we observe the formation of a layer of good crystalline quality, without being able to avoid the formation of an amorphous silicate interfacial layer of ~1nm. The use of buffer layers of SrO or SrTiO3 on silicon allows the subsquent epitaxy of the LaALlO3 perovskite, of which the direct epitaxy on silicon could not have been obtained. The whole of the results so obtained makes it possible to consider the development of process of integration of new functionalities on silicon and the realization of new devices for micro-electronics
Boussatour, Ghizlane. „Caractérisation diélectrique et thermique de films biopolymères pour l’électronique flexible haute fréquence“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiopolymer materials attract significant attention in many fields where they tend to replace petrosourced polymers. Thanks to their properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility and lightness, biopolmyers are also increasingly used in many electronic applications. Nevertheless, their possible integration into high-frequency electronics requires the study of important properties such as thermal conductivity and dielectric complex permittivity. In this work we are interested in two biopolymers in particular, poly lactic acid (PLA) and cellulose palmitate (CP). The extraction of the properties of these materials is carried out through the implementation of two methods. The means selected are the 3ω method for the thermal conductivity and the two-line method for the dielectric complex permittivity. This latter is measured in the frequency band 0.5 - 67 GHz. These two characterization techniques require the realization of metal lines on the surface of the biopolymer films. Since biopolymers are not compatible with classical photolithography method, an alternative processes have been developed to meet this technological challenge. This experimental work is accompanied by modeling studies on both aspects, estimates of the thermal conductivity and the complex dielectric permittivity of the investigated materials. The comparison of the proposed analytical and numerical models with the experimental data shows a good understanding of the problem of characterization of these biopolymers
Charbonnier, Matthieu. „Etude du travail de sortie pour les empilements nanométriques diélectrique haute permittivité / grille métallique“. Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this PhD report, we study the variations of the effective metal work function in High-k metal gate devices. To perform this analyse, we have firstly studied and developed electrical characterisation techniques and especially the analyse of the capacitive response of MOS structure and the measurement of the internal photo-emission current. These methods have allowed us isolating the different components influencing the effective metal gate work function. Using these methods, we have demonstrated that these variation mostly originate from a dipole at the High-k / SiO2 interface. Moreover, we have evidenced a reduction of effective work function for P type metal gates. This phenomenon also originate from a dipole at the same interface. Finally, we have studied the influence of fabrication processes on this dipole and, more genarally, on the effective metal gate work function
Fuinel, Cécile. „Étude des potentialités de la transduction diélectrique de haute permittivité pour les résonateurs NEMS et MEMS“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30302/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince two decades now, microscopic electronic devices including moving parts, called MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) have had a growing impact on industry and daily lives. Their range of application is already wide: from actuators (inkjet print heads, digital cinema projectors, etc.) to mechanical sensors (microphones, accelerometers, etc.). There is a growing research effort in the biosensing field as well. One of the main challenges for this application is to integrate a miniaturized and robust element to a vibrating beam-like structure, in order to achieve electromechanical actuation and detection, i.e. to convert an electrical signal into vibration and vice versa. In this work, we studied the integration of three dielectric materials on silicon microcantilevers, and successfully demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneous flexural actuation and detection of the structures by mean of dielectric transduction. Those results are one step forward the elaboration of mature detection systems
Djebara, Lotfi. „Concept, réalisation et étude d'un matériau composite intégrable au procédé de fabrication des condensateurs de haute performance“. Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes exigences des circuits imposent aux condensateurs au tantale d'avoir de faibles valeurs de résistance série équivalente (RSE). Ce travail vise à remplacer le MnO2, matériau peu conducteur utilisé comme cathode par un polymère suffisamment stable et dopé. D'abord, nous avons mis en évidence le rôle du recuit dans la stabilisation du Ta2O5 et le rôle des éléments chimiques incorporés dans le renforcement de sa rigidité diélectrique. Nous avons montré que la stabilité et la bonne conductivité électrique du polymère PEDT conviennent à son utilisation comme cathode. Durant la réalisation des condensateurs, nous avons testé les procédés pour optimiser le remplissage des anodes de tantale avec la solution polymère. Finalement, les tests électriques montrent une capacité stable sur une large gamme de fréquence et des valeurs de RSE inférieurs à celles des condensateurs conventionnels. Les paramètres électriques restent stables pendant 1000 h ce qui assure la validité de nos résultats
Weber, Olivier. „Etude, fabrication et propriétés de transport de transistors CMOS associant un diélectrique haute permittivité et un canal de conduction haute mobilité“. Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0127/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCMOS scaling allows an improvement of the performance, the integration density and the price of electronic circuits. Several breakthroughs, concerning the MOSFET architecture and materials must be added to push the transistor at his atomic scale limit. The replacement of the gate silicon oxide by a high-k dielectric is promising to improve the oxide thickness/gate leakage current trade-off. A high mobility channel provides a carrier velocity improvement and thus, an increase of the speed/active power ratio in the circuits. This work concerns the study, the fabrication and the transport properties of CMOS transistors with both of these new technological options. It includes several different transistors with a TiN/HfO2 gate stack: strained Si channel nMOSFETs, strained SiGe(:C) or Ge pMOSFETs and a new pMOS architecture with a (111) surface oriented channel. High mobility enhancements compared to the HfO2/Si reference, up to +800% for the hole mobility in strained Ge, are reported in addition to the high-k dielectric characteristic: a 4 decades gate leakage reduction compared to the silicon oxide. Our in-depth electrical characterization demonstrates that the dielectric/channel interface optimization is crucial to obtain high mobility gains. Transistors characteristics are presented and discussed down to 50nm gate length. Finally, the mobility degradation with a TiN/HfO2 gate stack, which constitutes a serious issue for the high-k/metal gate stack emergence, is analysed and the mobility scattering mechanisms are determined experimentally
Madi, Mohammed Zine Elabidine. „Permittivité des mélanges hétérogènes diélectriques à deux et à trois constituants“. Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10346.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePham, Hong Thinh. „Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement diélectrique d'un matériau composite soumis à un vieillissement hydrothermique“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe champ de claquage décroît fortement en présence d'eau. La spectroscopie diélectrique à basse fréquence (<10-1Hz) et à basse tension montre une grande sensibilité des propriétés diélectriques (Ε' et tanΔ) vis à vis de la teneur en eau absorbée tandis que les mêmes mesures à haute tension ne montrent pratiquement pas de variation par rapport aux premières. En analysant des mesures de spectroscopie diélectrique et des mesures du courant DC, le matériau apparaît comme étant formé par des clusters d'eau entre lesquels le transfert de charge dépend de la température et de la direction du champ appliqué.
Un modèle a été développé pour calculer la distribution du potentiel et du champ dans le matériau vieilli dans une structure de barre. Le calcul du champ met en évidence la chute de fiabilité lors que le matériau subit un vieillissement hydrothermique. Il suggère également une nouvelle méthode efficace de diagnostic de l'isolation.
Alemany, y. Palmer Mathias. „Caractérisation de lacunes d’oxygène dans les diélectriques à haute permittivité à destination des transistors « High-k Metal Gate »“. Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2049/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presence of oxygen vacancies in high-k oxides is fore seen to have detrimental effects in high-kmetal gate MOS transistors. To validate this hypothesis, we investigate the possibility of using electron energy loss spectroscopy in an electron transmission microscope (EELS) and the cathodoluminescence(CL) calibrated by the positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) to analyze these defects in thin HfO2 layers.To develop this methodology, HfO2 films have been deposited both by ALD and PVD on silicon substrates. To make the samples adapted to the PAS depth resolution, the layers thicknesses (10 to100 nm) are higher than those used in microelectronics. According to XRD, RBS/NRA, MEB, TEM results, these layers present a complex structure and a large excess of oxygen.PAS results depend both on the deposition technique and on the heat treatment. They evidence the presence of electric fields in the oxide layer or at the interface with the substrate. Electrical measurements in the thinnest layers, confirm the presence of charges in the oxide layer as already mentioned in the literature. The sign of these charges changes with heat treatment and is in agreement with the PAS results.EELS improved data acquisition has been developed. The EELS and CL spectra have been analyzed using a systematic methodology allowing to extracting characteristic parameters. They depend on the deposition technique and the heat treatment. However, due to the poor quality of the layers, it has not been possible to isolate the effects of the stoichiometry. This work opens many perspectives to improve knowledge on phenomena occurring in devices
Parizot, Gérald. „Étude d'un procédé de fabrication de pièces en composite verre-époxyde réticulées par haute fréquence“. Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePiquemal, Philippe. „Élaboration d'un nouveau matériau isolant phonique et thermique en verre expansé et mise au point d'un procédé utilisant un chauffage diélectrique“. Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGonçalves, Maria Augusta. „Mise au point d'un logiciel général pour les lois de mélange des matériaux composites en vue de l'étude de leurs propriétés électromagnétiques“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GONCALVES_M_A.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Qin. „Amélioration des propriétés de conversion électromécanique dans les polymères électrostrictifs“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is devoted to electroactive materials, which are developed and designed to make conversion between the electricity and the mechanical form. With newer emerging electromechanical transduction technologies, electroactive polymers (EAP) have gained a considerable attention. The polymers are competitive in many applications such as actuators, sensors, robotic system and biological mimics since they are cheap, light, easy to process, and they present large electric field-induced strains. However, these materials suffer from the low permittivity and high voltage requirement to drive the actuations. The research undertaken for the thesis intends then to provide different methods in order to enhance the polymer permittivity and consequently the electromechanical activities at moderate electric fields. The different approaches consist on the development of new materials by polymer blend method or by using new kind of polymer, and on the incorporation of special nano-fillers in the polymer matrix. A blend of polyurethane (PU) and poly [ethylene-co-(methyl acrylate)-co-(glycidyl methacrylate) (PEMG) obtained from a simple solution method leads to lower values of Young modulus but also lower dielectric permittivities. The PU-PEMG blend presents however an improvement of the electromechanical capabilities, for example it is obtained a two fold increase of the strain at moderate fields with only 9%wt of PEMG.Two types of Polyetherblockamide (Pebax) are tested as polymer matrix. Very high values of permittivities are obtained particulary for Pebax1657 but accompanied for this material by high values of conductivity. Despite these high permittivities (more than 200000 for Pebax 1657 and 500 for Pebax 2533 at 0.1 Hz), only a moderate improvement of the electromechanical capability is observed compared to PU. We are also intererested on polyurethane nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles coverered by PolyVinylPyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. A little polymer coating of the nanosilver leads to a better dispersion into the polyurethane films and higher values of permittivity. Different amounts of Ag-PVP are tested up to the percolation threshold close to 45%wt of fillers. Based on laser interferometer measurements and new cross characterization device, the optimal electromechanical properties are obtained for 20 %wt of Ag-PVP and a gain of 2 to 6 is obtained compared to pure polyurethane. In order to explain the difference between experimental and expected results and consequently to achieve a better understanding of the electromechanical behaviour of these different materials, some hypotheses were discussed and tested. We have shown particularly a drop of dielectric permittivities under electric fields for Pebax and nanocomposites, some problems of water absorption for Pebax and a decrease of crystallinity for the PU-Ag nanocomposites
Desmars, Loriane. „Etude des propriétés électriques et thermiques de matériaux composites à matrice époxy-anhydride pour l'isolation haute tension“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe integration of renewable energies to the power grid requires its modification in order to ensure its stability, security and efficiency. Improving ultra-high voltage alternative current (UHVAC) gas insulated substations (GIS), e.g. reducing their size or increasing their voltage, is one of the challenges induced by the development of the future power grid, the supergrid. Increasing the ability of solid insulators used in such equipment to withstand electro-thermal stress has been identified as the main obstacle to overcome. The work presented in this manuscript has been motivated by the necessity to develop more efficient electrical insulating materials compared to commercially available ones. An epoxy-anhydride matrix filled with micron sized alumina, often used to produce GIS solid insulators, has been used as a reference for this study. We decided to keep the matrix of the reference material throughout our work and to concentrate on the filler influence in order to optimize the properties of the composites. The impact of the nature of the filler (alumina or hexagonal boron nitride), its shape factor (platelets or almost spherical particles) and its volume fraction upon thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, dynamic mechanical properties, dielectric properties, high voltage direct current (DC) conductivity and AC breakdown strength have been highlighted. The experimental study of structure-property relationships is completed by dielectric properties and thermal conductivity modelling using the effective medium theory
Ceballos, Sanchez Oscar. „Stabilité thermique de structures de type TiN/ZrO2/InGaAs“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIII-V compound semiconductors, in particular InGaAs, are considered attractivealternative channel materials to replace Si in complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor(MOS) devices. Its high mobility and tunable band gap, requirementsfor high performance device design, have placed InGaAs as a promising candidate.However, the interfacial thermal stability and chemistry of high-k dielectrics on InGaAsis far more complex than those on Si. While most studies are focused on variouspassivation methods, such as the growth of interfacial passivation layers (Si, Ge, andSi/Ge) and/or chemical treatments to improve the quality of high-k/InGaAs interface,phenomena such as the out-diffusion of atomic species from the substrate as aconsequence of the thermal treatments have not been carefully studied. The thermaltreatments, which are related with integration processes of source and drain (S/D),lead to structural changes that degrade the electrical performance of the MOS device.A proper characterization of the structural alterations associated with the out-diffusionof elements from the substrate is important for understanding failure mechanisms. Inthis work it is presented an analysis of the structure and thermal stability ofTiN/ZrO2/InGaAs stacks by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS).Through a non-destructive analysis method, it was possible to observe subtle effectssuch as the diffusion of substrate atomic species through the dielectric layer as aconsequence of thermal annealing. The knowledge of the film structure allowed forassessing the In and Ga depth profiles by means of the scenarios-method. For the asdeposited sample, In-O and Ga-O are located at the oxide-semiconductor interface. Byassuming different scenarios for their distribution, it was quantitatively shown thatannealing causes the diffusion of In and Ga up to the TiO2 layer. For the sampleannealed at 500 °C, only the diffusion of indium was clearly observed, while for thesample annealed at 700 °C the diffusion of both In and Ga to the TiO2 layer wasevident. The quantitative analysis showed smaller diffusion of gallium (~ 0.12 ML) thanof indium (~ 0.26 ML) at 700 °C/10 s. Since the quantification was done at differenttemperatures, it was possible to obtain an approximate value of the activation energyfor the diffusion of indium through zirconia. The value resulted to be very similar topreviously reported values for indium diffusion through alumina and through hafnia.~ vi ~Complementary techniques as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and time of flight secondary ion massspectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were used to complement the results obtained with ARXPS.Specially, TOF-SIMS highlighted the phenomenon of diffusion of the substrate atomicspecies to the surface
Compuestos semiconductores III-V, en particular InxGa1-xAs, son consideradosmateriales atractivos para reemplazar el silicio en estructuras metal-oxidosemiconductor(MOS). Su alta movilidad y flexible ancho de banda, requisitos para eldiseño de dispositivos de alto rendimiento, han colocado al InxGa1-xAs como uncandidato prometedor. Sin embargo, la estabilidad térmica en la interfazdieléctrico/InxGa1-xAs es mucho más compleja que aquella formada en la estructuraSiO2/Si. Mientras que la mayoría de los estudios se centran en diversos métodos depasivación tales como el crecimiento de las capas intermedias (Si, Ge y Si/Ge) y/otratamientos químicos para mejorar la calidad de la interfaz, fenómenos como ladifusión de las especies atómicas del sustrato como consecuencia del recocido no hansido cuidadosamente estudiados. Los tratamientos térmicos, los cuales estánrelacionados con los procesos de integración de la fuente y el drenador (S/D) en undispositivo MOSFET, conducen a cambios estructurales que degradan el rendimientoeléctrico de un dispositivo MOS. Una caracterización apropiada de las alteracionesestructurales asociadas con la difusión de los elementos del substrato hacia las capassuperiores es importante para entender cuáles son los mecanismos de falla en undispositivo MOS. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de la estructura y laestabilidad térmica de la estructura TiN/ZrO2/InGaAs por la espectroscopía defotoelectrones por rayos X con resolución angular (ARXPS). A través de un método deanálisis no destructivo, fue posible observar efectos sutiles tales como la difusión delas especies atómicas del sustrato a través del dieléctrico como consecuencia delrecocido. El conocimiento detallado de la estructura permitió evaluar los perfiles deprofundidad para las componentes de In-O y Ga-O por medio del método deescenarios. Para la muestra en estado como se depositó, las componentes de In-O yGa-O fueron localizadas en la interfaz óxido-semiconductor. Después del recocido, semuestra cuantitativamente que éste causa la difusión de átomos de In y Ga hacia a lascapas superiores. Asumiendo diferentes escenarios para su distribución, se muestraque el recocido provoca la difusión de In y Ga hasta la capa de TiO2. Para la muestrarecocida a 500 °C, se observó claramente la difusión de indio, mientras que para lamuestra recocida a 700 °C tanto In y Ga difunden a la capa de TiO2. El análisis~ iv ~cuantitativo mostró que existe menor difusión de átomos de galio (0.12 ML) que deindio (0.26 ML) a 700 °C/10 s. Puesto que el análisis sobre la cantidad de materialdifundido se realizó a diferentes temperaturas, fue posible obtener un valoraproximado para la energía de activación del indio a través del ZrO2. El valor resultóser muy similar a los valores reportados previamente para la difusión de indio a travésde Al2O3 y a través de HfO2. Con el fin de correlacionar los resultados obtenidos porARXPS, se emplearon técnicas complementarias como la microscopía electrónica detransmisión (TEM), la espectroscopía de energía dispersiva (EDX) y la espectrometríade masas de iones secundarios por tiempo de vuelo (SIMS-TOF). Particularmente, TOFSIMSdestacó el fenómeno de difusión de las especies atómicas sustrato hacia lasuperficie
Sevrain, Pascal. „Étude de l'influence d'un champ électromagnétique intense sur la flottation aérobie de la fluorine et de la barytine“. Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10365.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDa, Silva Cécile. „Études structurales et vibrationnelle des liaisons hydrogène en solution aqueuse supercritique“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main difference between water and other solvents comes frome the special role of the hydrogen bond. More precisely, we study the persistence of hydrogen bond in supercritical aqueous solution, particularly between 647 and 773 K and 22. 1 and 40 MPa. A vibrational study by Raman spectroscopy on mixtures of water and heavy water allow us to observe on one side numerous oscillators whose frequency is the one of the isolated molecule and on the other side a few oscillators linked by hydrogen bounds to other molecules. Our study by small angle X-ray scattering on water and water with ions added (such as LiBr and CsBr) shows that those hydrogen bonds should be present in high density inhomogeneities, whose size and contrast increases with the presence of ions and the atomic number of the cation. These ions are still solvated in high density area, thanks to higher "local" values of the dielectric permittivity. This fact has been demonstrated by a study by X-ray absorption spectroscopy of ZnBr2 in solvent with a fixed value of polarity but variable dielectric permittivity (water, methanol and ethyl acetate). The manuscript ends with a perspective of scientific and experimental study of the oxygen K edge of water by X-ray Raman scattering ath high temperature and high pressure
Deloge, Matthieu. „Analysis of ultrathin gate-oxide breakdown mechanisms and applications to antifuse memories fabricated in advanced CMOS processes“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0097/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNon-volatile one-time programmable memories are gaining an ever growing interest in embedded electronics. Chip ID, chip configuration or system repairing are among the numerous applications addressed by this type of semiconductor memories. In addition, the antifuse technology enables the storage of secured information with respect to cryptography or else. The thesis focuses on the understanding of ultrathin gate-oxide breakdown physics that is involved in the programming of antifuse bitcells. The integration of advanced programming and detection schemes is also tackled in this thesis. The breakdown mechanisms in the dielectric material SiO2 and high-K under a high electric field were studied. Dedicated experimental setups were needed in order to perform the characterization of antifuse bitcells under the conditions define in memory product. Typical time-to-breakdown values shorter than a micro second were identified. The latter measurements allowed the statistical study of dielectric breakdown and the modeling in a high voltage range, i.e. beyond the conventional range studied in reliability. The model presented in this PhD thesis enables the optimization of the antifuse bitcell sizes according to a targeted mean time-to- breakdown value. A particular mechanism leading to a high bulk current overshoot occuring during the programming operation was highlighted. The study of this phenomenon was achieved using electrical characterizations and simulations. The triggering of a parasitic P-N-P bipolar transistor localized in the antifuse bitcell appeared as a relevant hypothesis. The analysis of the impact of the programming conditions on the resulting read current measured under a low voltage was performed using analog test structures. The amplitude of the programming current was controlled in an augmented antifuse bitcell. The programming time is controlled by a programming detection system and a delay. Finally, these solutions are to be validated using a 1-kb demonstrator yet designed and fabricated in a logic 32-nm CMOS process
Martin, Thomas. „Contribution à l'étude des générateurs piézoélectriques pour la génération des décharges plasmas“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30117/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays piezoelectric transformers are not only used to supply or protect electrical devices, but also to generate plasma discharges directly on their surface. The remarkable properties of these piezoelectric generators make them an interesting alternative to conventional devices, especially the simple implementation. The surface of the transformer constitutes both the discharge support and the voltage elevator component reducing significantly the bulk of the devices. Besides the transformers' gain voltage are remarkably high and permit to generate discharges for low voltage supply not exceeding a few volts. These advantages respond to some problems met in the plasma processes of which the establishment in industrial processes - in constant improvement - is sometimes confronted to problems of chambers implementations, making this process expensive and not adequate to the operating conditions. The purpose of this thesis focuses on the fundamental studies of a Rosen piezoelectric transformer dedicated to the generation of electrical discharges. In particular, this work tackles the development of an analytical model allowing to improve the understanding of the limits of this innovating process, as well as a better comprehension of the plasma discharges behavior face with transformer and material features. In order to do this the first part of the study is devoted to the characterization of the piezoelectric transformer without discharge, then the extension of the analytical modeling in order to comprehend the distribution of surface electrical potential. The development of an experimental device will allow the potential measurement and the discussion of the model. In a second part the study focuses on behavior of the piezoelectric transformer in discharge. The potential distribution known today constitutes a necessary input data for the study of the discharge dynamic in different configurations. The complexity of the phenomena implemented in this process of generation requires to conduct the study following different steps. First of all, by the study of ferroelectric ceramic features through a dielectric-barrier discharge. Then the discharges dynamic is approached by numerical modeling following three different configurations. This cases conduct to different discharge regimes that can be the subject of future application. Even if the problem is under the hypothesis of a weak coupling, the results confirmed the experimental observations and permitted to understand better the influence of high permittivity and of the potential distribution on the saptio-temporal evolution of this process
Guillan, Julie. „Etude de capacités en couches minces à base d'oxydes métalliques à très forte constante diélectrique, BaTiO3, SrTiO3 et SrTiO3/BaTiO3 déposées par pulvérisation par faisceau d'ions“. Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUne optimisation des dépôts à l'aide de plans d'expériences a été réalisée afin d'obtenir la constante diélectrique la plus élevée et ce, pour des températures d'élaboration les plus faibles possibles en vue de l'intégration des structures MIM sur les circuits intégrés.
Des analyses d'EXAFS, de XRR et d'AFM TUNA nous ont permis de comprendre l'influence de la microstructure des matériaux (taille de grain) et de la technologie d'élaboration des capacités (épaisseur de diélectrique, procédé de gravure de l'électrode supérieure et nature des électrodes) sur les propriétés des capacités MIM.
Une étude des multicouches SrTiO3/BaTiO3 a également été menée dans le but d'observer l'influence de la périodicité des empilements sur leurs propriétés électriques (constante diélectrique, linéarité en tension).
Da, Silva Cécile. „Études structurales et vibrationnelle des liaisons hydrogène en solution aqueuse supercritique“. Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00394181.
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