Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Matematická slovní úloha“

Výzkumy zabývající se řešením matematických slovních úloh poukazují na to, že rozdíly v úspěšnosti nejsou dány pouze rozdílnou úrovní kognitivních schopností žáků, ale že svou roli sehrává také motivace. V této studii jsme se proto zaměřili na kontext, jakožto nematematickou složku slovní úlohy, a zjišťovali jeho vliv na úspěšnost žáků při jejím řešení. Sledovaným aspektem kontextu byla jeho potenciální atraktivita – zjišťovali jsme, zda žáci budou úspěšnější v řešení slovních úloh s prvky pohádky, science fiction a humoru než v úlohách se stejnou strukturou, ale s neutrálním kontextem. Žáky 5. a 6. ročníku základní školy (n5 = 623, n6 = 291) jsme rozdělili do dvou výkonově srovnatelných skupin a každé z nich předložili jednu z variant – atraktivní nebo neutrální. Pro vyhodnocení výsledků kvantitativního šetření jsme použili Item Response Theory, která nám umožnila sledovat obtížnost úlohy v závislosti na latentní schopnosti jednotlivých žáků a poskytla informaci o diskriminačních vlastnostech úloh. Kromě úspěšnosti jsme v rámci kvalitativního šetření zjišťovali také rozdíly v oblasti řešitelských strategií a chyb. Ukázalo se, že atraktivní kontexty mohouza určitých podmínek vést ke zvýšení snahy žáků o jejich vyřešení a v některých případech i k mírnému zvýšení úspěšnosti řešení. Studie také ukázala, že při variování kontextů úloh je obtížné zachovat ostatní parametry úlohy beze změn, které by se odrážely v náročnosti situačního modelu úlohy, a upozornila na určitou nekonzistenci výsledků některých výzkumů.

This thesis focuses on to word problems and elementary school pupils. Research on mathematical word problems suggests that differences in success are not only due to different levels of pupils' cognitive abilities but that their motivation plays a role, too. Therefore, in this study, I focused on the context of word problem as a potential source of situational interest, which may affect the quality of pupils' cognitive function in the short term or permanently. I used my participation in a broader quantitatively oriented research on variables influencing the difficulty of word problems and using its methodology, I investigated the influence of different types of contexts on pupils' success in solving the problems. The examined aspect of context was attractiveness - the question was whether pupils would be more successful in solving word problems with elements of fairy tale, science fiction or humour than in similar problems with the same structure but with a neutral context. Pupils of the 3rd to 6th grades of primary school (n = 2 092) were divided into two groups of a comparable ability and each was presented with one of the variants - attractive or neutral. To evaluate the results quantitatively, the Item Response Theory was used allowed us to determine the difficulty of the problem depending on...

The principal objective of this thesis is the comprehension of students' mental processes while solving verbal math problems about money. There searchis focused on pupils in the first stage of primary school and in particular verbal math problems, in which nominal value of coins, quantity of coins and their total particular verbal math problems, in which nominal value of coins, quantity of coins and their total sum play a key role. There fore, the objective of this diploma thesis is to lay out classify mony-related exprecises in thee currently used lies of elementary school mathematics text books for grade. The theoretical part consist of demarcation of early school age, a certain number of fanticipate dacts by RVP ZV for the first and second educational period, numeracy, literacy, verbal math problems, various strategies on how to solve such problems, basic is sues pipils encounter whilw solving those problems, coments on the topic of verbal math problems which appear in theree volume soft text books in tended for primary schools (Prodos, Taktic, H-mat). Their division into three types (a total sum of coins, nominal value of coins and number of coins) and their mutual comparision. The goal of the practial part is to analyse thought processes of and grade pupils when solving word problems about...

TITLE: Studentsʼ problem posing as an indicator of mathematical culture of lower secondary students AUTHOR: Mgr. Jiří Bureš DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis is focused on studentsʼ problem posing as an indicator of mathematical culture of lower secondary students. The theoretical background consists of research on problem posing, word problems in mathematics, mathematical culture and the Theory of didactical situations in mathematics. The goal of the thesis is to analyse links between problem posing and studentsʼ mathematical culture through the analysis and description of the posed problems. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and research part. In the theoretical part, there are the main findings about studentsʼ problem posing and some approaches to the concepts of word problems and mathematical culture, and the main concepts of the Theory of didactical situations used in the thesis. The research part starts with the analysis of the pre-experiment, which constitutes the basis for creation and characteristics of the conception of mathematical culture of problem posing. These parts are followed by the analysis of the main experiment, which provides the complete description of the posed problems...

The aim of my work is to prove continuity of solving word problems in math within the context of reading and mathematical literacy. Ten word problems will be created with different mathematical content, with longer task for challenging reading literacy. For all problems will be stated the correct solution. In the practical part, the problems will be assigned to solve to selected pupils at selected schools. The results of their solution will then be analysed and published.

The aim of the offered dissertation is an attempt to create a material for teaching how to solve mathematical word exercises at an elementary school. This document is based on theoretical knowledge. The theoretical part of the dissertation documents the evolution of the mathematics from the antiquity untill these days. Basic information necessary for the development of an interactive textbook is grounded on theoretical findings in interactive boards and word exercises that have been published recently. The educational material was created in the program Activstudio 3 for the boards of the Activboard type and practically tested with the 8th grade students at the Plesivec elementary school. The other aim of this work is to see the response and attitudes of the students toward this kind of classwork, if it can help them to better grasp the word exercises solutions and to provide the teacher a useful tool for their work with an interactive board, since to create such a groundwork for the lessons by themselves can be very demanding on their time needed for the preparation for their lessons.

This work contains reasearch of the procedures and strategies used for mathematical problems of motion by high school students, as well as analysis of student´s problem solving. This part if followed by a compilation of problems in order to practice solving of the motion problems. This compilation is divided into several parts, while each of the parts focuses on different types of problems.

This diploma work is focused on the introduction of environmental topics in teaching mathematics at the secondary schools including grammar schools. The thesis are a response to the lack of those topics in teaching at the secondary schools, which are not specified for physical sciences and timeliness of environmental problems in our community as a whole. The diploma work content are solved mathematical problems with methodological notes for math teachers. Logic interface of environmental problems with students knowledge of biology and geography for the relevant grade is the major effort of the thesis. Annexes contain worksheets for students. The aim of this diploma work is to inspire math teachers at the secondary schools to engage these problems or the environmental problems of their own in teaching.

Reading comprehension as a prerequisite for successful strategy of word problems solving in mathematics DISSERTATION Mgr. Alena Sigmundová ABSTRACT The dissertation describes the results of an interdisciplinary research study examining the linguistic aspects of word problems in mathematics and the connection between comprehension of the text of word problems and the success of their solution. In the introduction the research is set into the framework of theoretical bases: the term word problem in mathematics and the concept of reading comprehension, including factors influencing the understanding of the text are characterized and the results of previous research studies are described. Subsequently the work presents a methodology, course and results of testing of pupils in three pilot studies and in the main survey and the conclusions from the semi-structured interviews. The research is based on the linguistic analysis of 18 word problems with low solution success, taken from international research surveys PISA 2012 and TIMSS 2007, as well as on the level of comprehension of the text of these tasks in the 8th and 9th grade primary schools, modifying selected language phenomena and detecting the effect of these reformulations. 773 pupils from 13 elementary schools participated in the research. The study...

The diploma thesis consists of two parts, the theoretic part and practical part. Theoretic part is focused on terms of unique mental dificiencies of learning and discalculation, ways and methods of solutions word problems. The aim of the practical part is finding influence of terms of unique mental dificiencies of learning on succesfull solution of word problems at students of basic school. The enclosure contains a few worksheets, which can be used to reeducation of difficuilties.