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Carrillo, Rojas Galo José [Verfasser], und Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Bendix. „On the multi-scale analysis of land-surface mass and energy exchanges for the tropical Andean páramo of Southern Ecuador / Galo José Carrillo Rojas ; Betreuer: Jörg Bendix“. Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199537454/34.
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Franco, Pietro Escobar. „Remoção de metais pesados utilizando resina Amberlite IR-120 em sistema batelada“. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2924.
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This study evaluated the removal of heavy metal íons Zn+2 and Ni+2 through the íon exchange process using a cationic resin Amberlite IR-120/Na+. The characterization of wastewater from an industry of electroplating was performed and the results were the basis for obtaining the aqueous solution used at work. Experiments were performed in batch system for the valuation of ion exchange kinetics of the binary systems Ni+2–Na+, Zn+2–Na+ and the ternary system Ni+2–Zn+2–Na+ in the initial concentrations of 20ppm and 200ppm, in the conditions of pH 4.5, agitation speed of 150rpm and 25ºC. Two models were tested to obtain kinetic parameters of ion exchange. In the simulation of kinetic model in which the ion exchange reaction was considered the limiting step during the model does not fit the experimental data. A second simulation, where the diffusion in the resin (linear driving force model) was assumed to be limiting step had better fit and evidence for the hypothesis that the experimental conditions the ion exchange process presents diffusional limitations. The value of mass transfer coefficients in the resin (ks) varied from 0.0032 to 0.043min-1. Kinetic studies showed that equilibrium is reached around 400 minutes for the systems with initial concentration of 20ppm and 60 minutes for systems with initial concentration of 200ppm. Experiments to obtain data of ion exchange equilibrium were performed for the binary systems Ni+2–Na+, Zn+2–Na+ and for the ternary system Ni+2–Zn+2–Na+ at concentrations of 160ppm and 300ppm (pH 4.5, agitation speed of 150rpm and 25ºC). The isotherms were modeled using the law of mass action ideal and not ideal. The Bromley and Wilson models were used to calculate the activity coefficient in solution and resin. Simulations were conducted for determining the value of the constant and equilibrium thermodynamics of the interaction parameters of Wilson. The results showed that the law of mass action is not ideal fits well the experimental data of binary systems. The simulation of the ternary equilibrium system was accomplished using a predictive, based on the interaction parameters of Wilson and equilibrium constants provided by the modeling of binary systems. The data predicted by the model were compared with experimental data and the results showed that the model was able to predict the behavior of the ternary system. The affinity of the studied ions with Amberlite IR-120 showed the following order: Zn+2 Ni+2 > Na+. For all experiments conducted in this study, the variation of pH and stoichiometry during the experiments were evaluated. For the parameter pH, speciation graphics were done using the HYDRA software and the results show that ions of interest in the solutions (Zn+2 and Ni+2) were above 95%. The average deviation from stoichiometry was less than 8%.
O presente trabalho avaliou a remoção dos íons de metais pesados Zn+2 e Ni+2 através do processo de troca iônica utilizando a resina catiônica Amberlite IR-120/Na+. A caracterização do efluente de uma indústria do ramo de galvanoplastia foi realizada e os resultados obtidos serviram de base para a obtenção da solução aquosa utilizada no trabalho. Experimentos foram realizados em sistema batelada para a avaliação da cinética de troca iônica dos sistemas binários Ni+2–Na+, Zn+2–Na+ e para o sistema ternário Ni+2–Zn+2–Na+ nas concentrações iniciais de 20ppm e 200ppm, nas condições de pH de 4.5, velocidade de agitação de 150rpm e temperatura de 25ºC. Dois modelos foram testados para obtenção de parâmetros de cinética de troca iônica. Na simulação do modelo cinético em que a reação de troca iônica foi considerada a etapa limitante o modelo não se ajustou aos dados experimentais. Uma segunda simulação, em que a difusão na resina (modelo da força motriz linear) foi assumida como etapa limitante apresentou melhor ajuste e evidencia a hipótese de que para as condições experimentais adotadas o processo de troca iônica apresenta limitações difusionais. O valor dos coeficientes de transferência de massa na resina (ks) apresentaram valores entre 0,0032-0,043min-1. Estudos cinéticos mostraram que o equilíbrio é atingido em torno de 400 minutos para os sistemas com concentração inicial de 20ppm e de 60 minutos para os sistemas com concentração inicial de 200ppm. Experimentos para obtenção de dados de equilíbrio de troca iônica foram realizados para os sistemas binários Ni+2–Na+, Zn+2–Na+ e para o sistema ternário Ni+2–Zn+2–Na+ nas concentrações de 160ppm e 300ppm (pH de 4.5, velocidade de agitação de 150rpm e temperatura de 25ºC). As isotermas foram modeladas com uso da lei da ação das massas ideal e não ideal. Os modelos de Bromley e Wilson foram utilizados para o cálculo do coeficiente de atividade na solução e na resina. Realizou-se simulação para a determinação do valor da constante termodinâmica de equilíbrio e dos parâmetros de interação de Wilson. Os resultados mostraram que a lei da ação das massas não ideal se ajustou bem aos dados experimentais dos sistemas binários. A simulação do sistema de equilíbrio ternário foi realizada de forma preditiva, baseada nos parâmetros de interação de Wilson e constantes de equilíbrio fornecidas pelas modelagens dos sistemas binários. Os dados preditos pelo modelo foram comparados com os dados experimentais e os resultados mostraram que o modelo foi capaz de prever o comportamento do sistema ternário. A afinidade dos íons estudados com a resina Amberlite IR-120 mostrou a seguinte ordem: Zn+2 Ni+2 > Na+. Para todos os experimentos realizados neste trabalho, a variação de pH e de estequiometria ao longo dos experimentos foram avaliados. Para o parâmetro pH, gráficos de especiação foram realizados com o uso do software HYDRA e os resultados mostram que os íons de interesse nas soluções (Zn+2 e Ni+2) estavam acima de 95%. O desvio médio da estequiometria não foi superior a 8%.
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Carrera, Marco. „Significant events of interhemispheric atmospheric mass exchange“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38162.
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The various modes of atmospheric mass redistribution characterize the principal variations of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Interhemispheric exchanges of atmospheric mass occur with considerable regularity on intraseasonal time-scales. Observational evidence from previous studies indicates that anomalous and persistent regional atmospheric mass distributions (e.g., atmospheric blocking) may often be related to interhemispheric atmospheric mass exchange.Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis, we identify significant events when the northern hemisphere (NH) loses dry atmospheric mass on subseasonal time-scales during the boreal winter from 1968 to 1997. A total of 25 events is found, with a preferred time-scale of 9 days. The linear correlation coefficient between the dry atmospheric mass anomalies for the NH and southern hemisphere (SH) is -0.91 for the 25 significant events, indicating very strong interhemispheric compensation and increasing our confidence in the suitability of this dataset for the study of interhemispheric dry atmospheric mass exchange.
Positive sea-level pressure anomalies are found over northern Eurasia, the North Pacific and the North Atlantic prior to the onset of the composite NH dry atmospheric mass collapse event. Over northern Eurasia the positive atmospheric mass anomaly associated with the building of the Siberian high is found to be a statistically significant precursor to the events. The breakdown of NH dry atmospheric mass occurs in association with the decay of the positive atmospheric mass anomaly in the North Pacific as a cyclone deepens explosively in the Gulf of Alaska. Pressure surges over Southeast Asia and North America, associated with statistically significant positive atmospheric mass anomalies, are mechanisms that act to channel the atmospheric mass equatorward on a rapid time-scale (~4 days). The dry atmospheric mass increase in the SH is manifested as enhanced surface ridging over the South Pacific and South Indian Oceans.
Preferential interhemispheric interaction is found in the region between 100°E and 130°E, and over the central Pacific in the vicinity of the dateline. A prominent channel of southeastward dry atmospheric mass flux, emanating from the Australian continent, combined with a southward channel from the equatorial central Pacific, contribute to the atmospheric mass buildup over the South Pacific.
The role of a Southeast Asian pressure surge was examined for a representative event. A large evacuation of atmospheric mass from northern Eurasia occurs as the atmospheric mass surges equatorward and into the SH. Along the west coast of Australia, a southerly pressure surge extends equatorward and converges with the northerly surge to create a pronounced near equatorial zonal pressure gradient. A low-level westerly wind burst develops in response to this enhanced zonal pressure gradient as part of the onset of an active phase of the Australian summer monsoon. We show that three prominent anticyclonic circulations intensify in the southern hemisphere extratropics, stretching from the South Indian Ocean to the South Pacific, beneath regions of upper tropospheric dry atmospheric mass convergence, originating from the monsoon convection outflow. These anticyclonic circulations are largely responsible for the dry atmospheric mass increase in the SH.
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Msiza, Andrew Khutso. „Hybrid synthesis method for mass exchange networks“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5434.
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Bibliography: leaves 121-[123].Process synthesis can be approached from three techniques: heuristics, physical and thermodynamic insight, and mathematical programming. Hybrid methods where two or all of the synthesis methods are combined are now becoming used, taking advantage of the combined strength of the individual techniques. In this thesis the option of combining pinch analysis (a physical and thermodynamic insight-based approach) and superstructure-based programming is explored.
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Hinshaw, Jesse C. „Let's exchange the experience“. Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/42/.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 12, 2010) Cheryl Goldsleger, committee chair; Joe Peragine, Matthew Sugarman, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22).
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Gustafsson, David. „Land surface heat exchange over snow and frozen soil“. Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1231.
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The energy exchange in the soil-snow-vegetation-atmospheresystem was studied to improve the quantitative knowledge of thegoverning processes. The lack of such knowledge contributes tothe uncertainty in the applicability of many existing modelsindependent of the temporal or spatial scale. The theoreticalbackground and available methods for measurements and numericalsimulations were reviewed. Numerical simulation models andavailable data sets representing open land and boreal forestwere evaluated in both diurnal and seasonal time-scales.Surface heat fluxes, snow depth, soil temperatures andmeteorological conditions were measured at an agriculturalfield in central Sweden over two winters, 1997-1999. Twoone-dimensional simulation models of different complexity wereused to simulate the heat and water transfer in thesoil-snow-atmosphere system and compared with the measurements.Comparison of simulated and observed heat fluxes showed thatparameter values governing the upper boundary condition weremore important than the formulation of the internal mass andheat balance of the snow cover. The models were useful toevaluate the lack of energy balance closure in the observedsurface heat fluxes, which underlined the importance ofimproved accuracy in eddy correlation measurements of latentflow during winter conditions.
The representation of boreal forest in the land surfacescheme used within a weather forecast model was tested with athree-year data set from the NOPEX forest site in centralSweden. The formulation with separate energy balances forvegetation and the soil/snow beneath tree cover improvedsimulation of the seasonal and diurnal variations of latent andsensible heat flux compared with an older model version.Further improvements of simulated surface heat fluxes could beexpected if the variation of vegetation properties within andbetween years and a new formulation of the boundary conditionsfor heat flux into the soil is included.
Keywords: Surface energy balance, Snow, Boreal forest,SVAT models, Eddy-correlation Measurements, Latent heat flux,Sensible heat flux, Net radiation, Soil temperature,Aerodynamic roughness, Surface resistance
QC 20100614
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Manrique-Sunen, A. „The treatment of vegetation in land surface models : implications for predictions of land-atmosphere exchange“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68719/.
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Plant processes affect fluxes of energy, moisture and CO2 between the land and the atmosphere. Land surface models need to correctly represent the vegetation functioning and its response to environmental conditions. Due to anthropogenic carbon emissions rising, and global warming, plant processes are being affected and in turn modulate the terrestrial carbon sink. However, models still disagree on the response of plants to changing conditions. This work analyses how vegetation is treated in two land surface models: the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) and Carbon Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (CTESSEL). The aim is to analyse how environmental variables control the vegetation processes at daily and seasonal timescales at present day climate and the changes that arise in a scenario of double atmospheric CO2 and higher temperature. The analyses are carried out at the leaf level and at the canopy level. To investigate the responses at the leaf level, the photosynthesis scheme used in each model was extracted, thereby providing a submodel that can be run in stand alone mode. The photosynthesis submodel provides a means to analyse the leaf level response of each photosynthesis model to environment variables as well as the internal model parameters that characterise each plant type. In JULES the environmental controls on photosynthesis are explicitly introduced by three limiting regimes: light, rubisco (carbon) or export limiting regime. In CTESSEL the carbon and light limitations are implicitly represented but there is no export limitation. Due to the lack of export limiting regime, CTESSEL presents higher sensitivity to CO2 concentration resulting in a stronger CO2 fertilization effect. The carbon and energy fluxes produced by the full land surface models were tested and compared at 10 European FLUXNET sites. The main differences between modellled carbon fluxes were found to be the treatment of soil moisture stress and the lack of export limiting regime in CTESSEL. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis in models is the result of model parameters’ dependence on temperature and the combination of limiting regimes. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis was found to be a determining element in the strength and sign of the vegetation modelled feedback to climate change.
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McCutcheon, Michael Warren. „Analysis of a 2-3 exchange symmetric neutrino mass matrix“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79048.
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We present an analysis of the requirements of a 2--3 exchange symmetry in the neutrino mass matrix in comparison to the experimentally allowed ranges of neutrino oscillation parameters. The symmetric matrix, being defined at an energy scale appropriate to a right-handed neutrino in a See-saw scheme of mass suppression, is subject to evolution under Supersymmetric Renormalisation Group Equations, in order to interpret the matrix at experimental energies. By way of motivation we discuss the status of neutrino mass in the Standard Model and justify the context of the analysis by examining the mechanisms and evidence for oscillations. We then review the See-saw mechanism and also the process of renormalisation and its implications for bridging disparate energy scales. We present the relevant Renormalization Group Equations and demonstrate the parameterisation of pertinent Renormalization Group effects. Finally, we review previous work analysing this symmetry before updating some of these results and extending the analysis to its global behaviour in the space of both solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters.
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Elghanduri, Nagia E. „CFD investigation of mass exchange at the fluid/porous interface“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189506.
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Turbulent flow over a permeable layer is found in many natural systems such as gravel bed streams, as well as in many artificial structures. For this kind of flow, the flow domain consists of a free stream zone and a porous zone each zone have distinctly different flow features. The interface between these two flow zones is much less understood than both free stream and porous media flows. Further investigations are required in order to improve understanding of mass and momentum exchange processes, which take place within the interface zone, where free surface flow and porous media flow affect and alter each other. This thesis presents a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) investigation of turbulent flow and a tracer migration in a system, consists of a free surface and a permeable layer. Five cases, covering a range of flow depths and porosities of permeable layer, were analysed. The detailed two-dimensional flow simulations were carried out and were validated using the experimental results of Prinos et al. (2003). The results of simulations were up-scaled by spatial averaging over the free stream zone and the porous zone. In this project, the penetration depth associated with momentum and mass penetration. The results show that increasing either the water depth or porosity of the porous layer increases the both roughness mass penetration thicknesses. Several models were applied (i) a one-box model containing advection and the dispersion in the free-surface; (ii) a two-box model containing the advection and the dispersion in both the free-surface and the porous zone. (iii) a three-box model with the interface zone in between the free stream and the porous zone. The parameters for all these models were evaluated and then cross-compared. The three-box conceptual model is novel, and it represents the main contribution from this thesis.
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Burke, John Edmund. „Deuterium exchange mass spectrometry studies of the phospholipase A₂ superfamily“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3331372.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 16, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mullangi, Vennela Dr. „Development and Application of Histidine Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1388959354.
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Macdonald, J. A. „Soil and environmental variables affecting the land-atmosphere exchange of methane“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654211.
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Rates of methane (CH4) oxidation (-) and emission were measured from a range of soil types and land uses to investigate the soil and environmental variables which affected the land-atmosphere exchange of CH4. The influence of soil characteristics, land use, inputs of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) and temporal variations in soil water content and temperature on CH4 flux were examined in the field using a static chamber technique, and in the laboratory using soil cores. The flux of CH4 was measured from a range of sites in the UK, Cameroon and Borneo, including temperate and tropical forest, agricultural land, moorland and blanket bog. In mineral soils, rates of CH4 oxidation ranged from a maximum uptake of -27.2 ng m-2 s-1 in an undisturbed forest in Cameroon, to a small net emission of 0.8 ng m-2 s-1 from an agricultural field in Scotland. In peats, soil water content controlled the magnitude and direction of flux within sites by affecting the degree of anaerobicity of the peat and hence the depth of the CH4 oxidising layer. Other factors such as peat depth and substrate quality influenced inter-site variability. The contribution of CH4 produced by termites to the CH4 budget was investigated in undisturbed and disturbed forests in Cameroon and Borneo. In summary, rates of CH4 oxidation from mineral soils were low and covered a small range relative to CH4 emission rates from peat. Rates of CH4 oxidation were significantly inhibited by anthropogenic disturbance such as deforestation, conversion to agriculture, and inputs of N. Spatial variability was controlled by the bulk density of the soil, both in temperate and tropical climates, demonstrating the importance of the gaseous diffusion status of the soil and the secondary role of temperature in regulating oxidation rates. Seasonal variability affected both CH4 emission and oxidation rates. The relative influence of soil water content and temperature on the CH4 flux varied between sites and was dependent on the soil type.
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Pinilla, Camilo Ernesto. „Oscillation and friction effects on mass exchange in a recirculating flow“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99006.
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Experiments were conducted to study oscillation and friction effects on the mass exchange between the recirculating flow in a square basin and the main flow in an open channel. During the experiments, a turbulent mixing layer was observed to form between the recirculating flow in the basin and the main flow. Dye was introduced into the turbulent mixing layer as a tracer to observe the motion of the eddies. The concentration of the dye was measured using a video imaging method. The data were analysed for an early period shortly after the dye entered the basin, and a late period when the dye in the basin had reached a quasi-steady state. Parameters such as retention time, accumulation time and arrival time were estimated using the time series of the concentration in the core of the basin and in the region outside of the core. The circulation time and circulation flow rate were computed using the area occupied by the dye. The rate of increase in the area was equated to the circulation flow rate. The mean and root-mean-square dye-concentration profiles were obtained for a number of cross sections along the mixing layer. The flow in the mixing layer was observed to oscillate due to feedback from the impingement of the mixing layer on the downstream corner of the basin. The oscillation frequencies were determined by spectral analysis of the concentration data at a location in the mixing layer near the point of the impingement.Tests were conducted for a range of Froude number varying from Fr = 0.09 to 0.47 and a range of bed-friction number from S = 0.023 to 0.27. Self-sustaining oscillations of the type known as "fluid-resonant feedback" were observed in the mixing layer. The onset of the oscillations in the mixing layer was detected to occur for a Froude number greater than 0.28. However, the mixing layer was not responsive to the feedback when the Froude number was less than 0.28. The dimensionless frequency of the oscillation was correlated with the Froude number. The Strouhal and Froude number relation analogously was consistent with the Rossiter's formula, which was developed for cavity oscillations in compressible flow. Beside the flow oscillations, the mixing layer and the recirculating flow in the basin were affected by the friction effect. Friction slow down the circulation in the basin. It changes the turbulence in the mixing layer. These effects of the friction were only significant when the water depth is sufficiently shallow. The dimensionless parameter for the friction effects was the bed-friction number. The demarcation of the flow between the deep and the shallow was found to occur at a bed-friction number S ≃ 0.09. The friction effect was negligible when the bed-friction number is less than the critical value of 0.09.
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Hudjetz, Stefan. „Experimental investigation of heat exchange between thermal mass and room environments“. Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9021.
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The different technologies of passive cooling concepts have to rely on a good thermal coupling between a building's thermal mass and indoor air. In many cases, the ceiling is the only surface remaining for a good coupling. Further research is necessary to investigate discrepancies between existing correlations. Therefore, the overall aim of the work described in this thesis is the investigation of heat transfer at a heated ceiling in an experimental chamber. Acoustic baffles obstruct the surface of the ceiling and impede heat transfer. However, there is nearly no published data about the effect of such baffles on heat transfer. Available results from simulations should be verified with an experimental investigation. Consequently, one of the primary aims of this work was to experimentally determine the influence of such acoustic baffles. A suitable experimental chamber has been built at Biberach University of Applied Sciences. The thesis describes the experimental chamber, the experimental programme as well as results from five different test series. With a value of ±0.1Wm⁻²K⁻¹ for larger temperature differences, uncertainty in resulting convective heat transfer coefficients for natural convection is comparable to that of results from an existing recent experimental work often recommended for use. Additionally, total heat transfer (by convection and radiation) results are presented. Results are given for natural, forced and mixed convection conditions at an unobstructed heated ceiling. Furthermore, results for acoustic baffles in both an unventilated and a ventilated chamber are shown. Natural convection results show a very good agreement with existing correlations. Under mixed convection conditions, convective heat transfer at an unobstructed ceiling decreases to the limiting case described by natural convection. Installation of acoustic baffles leads to a reduction in total heat transfer (convection and radiation) between 20% and 30% when compared to the case of an unobstructed ceiling.
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Esswein, Stefan Theo. „Probing protein-ligand interactions via solution phase hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4638.
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Mass spectrometry is a versatile, sensitive and fast technique with which to probe biophysical properties in biological systems and one of the most important analytical tools in the multidisciplinary field of proteomics. The study of nativestate proteins and their complexes in the gas-phase is well established and direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) techniques are becoming increasingly popular as a tool for screening and determining quantitative information on protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. However, complexes retained by ESI-MS are not always representative of those in solution and care must be taken in interpreting purely gas-phase results. This thesis details modification and advancement of solution phase techniques devised by Gross et al. utilising ESI-MS and Fitzgerald et al. applying matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI)-MS termed PLIMSTEX (protein-ligand interactions by mass spectrometry, titration and hydrogen-deuterium-exchange)[1] and SUPREX (Stability of unpurified proteins from rates of H/D exchange)[2] to quantify these interactions with regards to high throughput analysis. The first part of this thesis describes the different developmental stages of the devised HPLC-front ends and their optimisation with myoglobin and insulin. The successfully developed HPLC-front end in conjunction with PLIMSTEX and SUPREX and ESI-MS then gets tested with self expressed and purified cyclophilin A(CypA)- cyclosporin A (CsA) system, followed by a test screen with potential CypA binding ligands. Dissociation constants (Kd’s) within one order of magnitude to reported values are determined. In the third part of this thesis the application of the devised ESI-SUPREX methodology has been applied to anterior gradient 2 (AGr2) and the factor H complement control proteins module 19-20 (fH19-20) exhibiting binding potential to a taggedhexapeptide and a synthetic pentasaccharide, respectively, resulting in thermodynamical data for these protein-ligand interactions. For the AGr2 system another dimension of investigation has been added by temperature controlling the devised ESI-SUPREX approach, revealing a phase transition in the protein at higher temperatures. The final part of this thesis describes the application of the ESI-SUPREX methodology to probe folding properties of CypA in the presence of the self expressed and purified E. coli chaperonin groEL. Thereby the denaturing properties of groEL have been emphasised along with the stabilisation of a denatured CypA species.
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Isafiade, Adeniyi Jide. „Interval based MINLP superstructure synthesis of heat and mass exchange networks“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5315.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-157).
Name inverted on t.p.
This study presents a new technique for synthesizing heat and mass exchange networks. The method involves generating superstructures using the temperature/composition interval concept from the physical insight approach. The superstructures are partitioned into temperature/composition intervals using the supply and target temperatures/compositions of either the hot/rich or cold/lean set of streams. The opposite kind of streams are made to participate (float) in all the intervals defined. Their ability to exchange heat/mass in these intervals is however subject to thermodynamic feasibility. The resulting superstructure is optimised as a mixed integer non linear programming (MINLP) model. The superstructure is hot/rich streams based if hot/rich streams are used to define the intervals otherwise it is cold/lean stream based.
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Hallale, Nick. „Capital cost targets for the optimum synthesis of mass exchange networks“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9559.
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Includes bibliographical references.Pinch Technology is very well developed for heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS). It is possible to predict, on thermodynamic grounds, the minimum energy, capital and total costs for a network. These targets are set before any design and can also be optimised at this stage. Special design techniques exist which allow the targets to be met - or closely approached - in practice. The approach has recently been extended to mass exchange network synthesis (MENS). However, prior to this study, it was not as well developed for this field as it had been for HENS. Only targets for the minimum operating costs could be set and then achieved in design. Capital cost targets for MENS did not exist. The usual approach was to use the minimum number of mass exchange units - which could be targeted - as an attempt to minimise the capital cost of the network. However, this is not sufficient since the exchanger sizes are also important. This meant that there was no guarantee that the capital cost and hence total cost had been truly minimised. This thesis has developed a new method for targeting the minimum capital costs for mass exchange networks. The method is simple and based on insight, rather than relying on a mathematical 'black-box'. New graphical tools, the y-* composite curve plot and the y-y* composite curve plot have been introduced for this purpose and these allow the minimum exchanger sizes to be predicted before design. The new capital cost targets can be traded off against the established operating cost targets in order to optimise the total cost with no design being necessary.
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McGinley, Susan Elizabeth 1952. „A readership survey of "Arizona Land & People" magazine“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291783.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the University of Arizona College of Agriculture magazine, Arizona Land & People, by evaluating it for reader satisfaction and interest, usefulness of information and reader demographics. The study used a mailed questionnaire, sent to a random sample of Arizona residents on the subscriber list. Findings indicate that the majority of the recipients are satisfied with the magazine in its present form, although they prefer that it be published more often. The readers represent a wide range of occupations, many related to agriculture. The magazine is valued for the quality of its technical information, which a majority of the readers use for work-related purposes. Findings also suggest that Arizona Land & People is a valuable reference tool in schools and libraries.
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O'Malley, Lisa. „Relationship marketing in mass consumer markets : a critical review“. Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341261.
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Fotheringham, J. A. „A search for the lowest mass scalar glueball in Double Pomeron Exchange“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378813.
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Tsutsui, Yuko. „EXPLORING FUNCTIONAL AND FOLDING ENERGY LANDSCAPES BY HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE MASS SPECTROMETRY“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1196199391.
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Pantelic, Nebojsa. „Mass Transport Properties in Thin Ion-exchange Polymer Films and Related Phenomena“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179174207.
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Azeez, Oluwatosin Sarafa. „Supply and target-based superstructure synthesis of heat and mass exchange networks“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5342.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This study presents three new methods for superstructure synthesis of heat exchanger networks (HENs) and mass exchanger networks (MENs) that involve the use of key parameters in HEN and MEN to define superstructure intervals. The key parameters are the stream supply and target temperatures/compositions. The Supply-Based Superstructure (SBS) uses the supply temperatures/compositions of both the hot/rich streams and the cold lean streams. The Supply and Target-Based Superstructure (S&TBS) uses the supply temperatures/compositions of hot/rich streams and the target temperatures/compositions of cold/lean streams for the definition of the superstructure intervals. The Target and Supply-Based Superstructure (T&SBS) uses the target temperatures/compositions of hot/rich streams and the supply temperatures/compositions of cold/lean streams for the definition of the superstructure interval boundaries.
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Ndwandwe, Khaya. „A spreadsheet-based tool for synthesis of heat and mass exchange networks“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5984.
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Includes bibliography.The objective of this project was to develop a user-friendly program for applying Pinch Technology approach to both Heat Exchanger Networks Synthesis (HENS) and Mass Exchanger Networks Synthesis (MENS) for use by ordinary engineers. Pinch Technology is a structure independent approach.
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Harvey, John. „An economic anthropology of computer-mediated non-monetary exchange in England“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35266/.
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This thesis presents two studies of computer-mediated non-monetary exchange. The Internet has improved the potential for previously unconnected people to organise into interest groups with the intent of meeting offline. This has resulted in a range of organisations emerging with the explicit aim of helping people to give and share resources. These organisations typically reject money and markets, insisting that social interaction should occur through generosity alone. The first study presents a netnography and depth interviews which reveal how technology is used to enact and influence the management of identity, partner selection, ritual normalisation, and negotiation of property rights. The findings have significant implications for the design and management of systems that encourage non-monetary forms of collaborative consumption. In the second study a longitudinal social network analysis reveals how the social structures involved in these systems have no obvious historical precedent. This has implications for the way in which the social sciences should conceptualise reciprocal economic arrangements. It also raises some sociological implications for the possibility of designing economic systems in the absence of money. Finally, a new approach is proposed which advocates diachronic analysis of property rights as a means to explain how markets and institutions that try to subvert markets exist alongside each other.
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Masson, Glenn Robert. „New insights into the dynamics of phosphoinositide signalling through hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709108.
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Bardosson, Jennie, und Linnea Ingebrand. „Växelkursens betydelse för utrikeshandel : En jämförelse mellan ett EMU-land och Sverige“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69735.
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Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera den nominella växelkursens påverkan på utrikeshandel och göra en jämförande studie mellan ett EU-land (Sverige) och ett EMU-land (Tyskland). Fokus för denna undersökning kommer att ligga på vad som skedde med utrikeshandeln under de två ekonomiska kriserna på 2000-talet, men även ge en generell bild för utrikeshandeln under hela perioden 2000-2010. Uppsatsen avser att besvara om det finns några skillnader i hur ländernas handel påverkades under kriserna med avseende på växelkursen, samt om handelssammansättningen av handelspartners förändrats. Detta kommer undersökas för att se hur Sveriges utrikeshandel påverkats av att stå utanför EMU. Resultaten visar på att den nominella växelkursen inte haft stor betydelse för utrikeshandeln under den undersökta tidsperioden. Både export och import har ökat under perioden, men det går inte att finna någon direkt koppling till växelkursförändringar. Under de båda kriserna har både import och export tenderat att förändras mer än växelkursen. Vidare har Sveriges handelspartners inte ändrats nämnvärt. Därför kan vi anta att Sveriges utrikeshandel inte påverkats av att stå utanför EMU med avseende på den nominella växelkursen.
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Sagerfors, Jörgen. „Land-atmosphere exchange of CO₂, water and energy at a boreal minerotrophic mire /“. Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200704.pdf.
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McCoy, Andrew William. „Numerical investigations using LES exploring flow physics and mass exchange processes near groynes /“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/48.
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Lau, Simon Sheen Man. „The application of capillary electrophoresis-hydrogen deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry in peptide analysis“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431775.
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Wu, Jianqing. „Structural Study of eIF Complexes by H/D Exchange FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/91/40/13/PDF/thesis-print-WU.pdf.
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Le complexe d'initiation de la traduction 3 des eucaryotes (eIF3) joue un role central dans le réseau d'interaction des divers facteurs d'initiation de la traduction qui s'assemblent sur les ribosomes 40S, et participent aux différentes réactions au cours de la voie d'initiation de la traduction. Chez Saccharomyces cerevisiaea, ce complexe est composé de cinq sous-unités, qui sont toutes homologues avec les sous-unités de cœur du complexe eIF3 des mammifères, composé de 13 sous-unités. Un objectif majeur actuellement est d'obtenir une structure tridimensionnelle de ce complexe. Dans une première étape vers la résolution de cette structure, les efforts portent sur la détermination des régions de liaisons entre sous-unités, dont assez peu sont actuellement connues. La région d'interaction entre la sous-unité 3i et le domaine C-terminal extrémal de 3b a récemment été résolu par RMN et structure cristallographique. D'un autre côté, la région d'interaction entre 3i et 3g, bien que localisée à l'extrémité N-terminale de 3g, doit encore être précisée. Les échanges hydrogène/deutérium (HDX) se sont développés depuis les années 1990 comme outil d'analyse structurale de protéines et de complexes multiprotéiques. La spectrométrie de masse est couramment utilisée pour réaliser la mesure de l'échange. L'approche HDX la plus usuelle repose sur une mesure de masse de peptide marqués issus d'une digestion enzymatique des protéines d'intérêt afin de déterminer le contenu en deutérium ainsi que leur vitesse d'incorporation. Pour ce travail, un spectromètre de masse à ultra-haute résolution, de type FT-ICR 7T, a été utilisé conjointement avec une séparation nano-LC pour générer des données HDX-MS de haute qualité. La précision de mesure de masse d'un spectromètre de masse FT-ICR n'est pas suffisante en elle-même pour identifier de façon certaine les peptides issus d'une digestion à la pepsine, du fait de l'absence de spécificité de la pepsine. Nous avons en conséquence développé une approche statistique pour l'identification des peptides, en se basant sur la définition d'une valeur de probabilité d'occurrence pour un peptide donné dans une digestion à la pepsine. En combinaison avec la précision élevée sur la mesure de masse, ce seul critère permet une identification efficace des peptides, sans devoir recourir à une validation par MS/MS systématique. Cette méthode a été mise en application pour l'étude des régions de liaison dans les complexes eIF3i :b et eIF3i :g. Dans les deux cas, 3i a été surexprimée sous sa forme complète. Au contraire, pour 3b et 3g, seul un segment partiel de la protéine native, contenant le domaine présumé d'interaction a été surexprimé. La liste de référence des peptides présents permet une excellente couverture de séquence et une forte superposition entre séquences adjacentes, ce qui assure une élucidation de la structure avec une bonne résolution spatiale. Pour la liaison entre 3i et 3b, les régions d'interactions qui sont apparues dans des conditions en solution proches des conditions physiologiques sont cohérentes avec la structure proposée par une autre équipe au cours de la thèse, apportant des informations complémentaires à celles issues de la structure cristallographique dérivée de la phase solide. Pour la liaison entre 3i et 3g, la région d'interaction a été étudiée en l'absence de toute donnée structurale à l'échelle atomique pour 3g. Les résultats apportent une vision nouvelle sur la formation du complexe entre 3g et 3i, et pour la première fois les régions de liaisons exacts ont été mis en évidenceThe eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex plays a core role in the interaction network among several eIFs that assemble on the 40S ribosomes and participate in the different reactions throughout the translation initiation pathway. The Saccharomyces cerevisiaea eIF3 complex comprises five subunits, all of which are the core subunits of the mammalian eIF3 complex consisting of 13 subunits. Attempts to decipher its tridimensionnal structure are under way. A first path to study the structure of this complex is to complete the identification of binding regions, few of which are currently known. Recently, the interaction region between eIF3i and extreme C-terminal domain of eIF3b has been obtained through NMR and crystal structure. On the other hand, the interaction region between 3i and 3g, although located to the N-terminal domain of 3g still remains to be defined. Hydrogen/deuterium exchanges (HDX) have been developed for a long time and are widely used for structural studies of proteins and multiprotein complexes. It is commonly analyzed using mass spectrometry. The most classic standard HDX-MS approach consists in making a mass measurement of deuterium-labelled peptides from an enzymatic digestion of the protein of interest to determine the level and rate of deuterium incorporation. In this study, a high performance 7 T FT-ICR mass spectrometer was used in combination with nanoLC separation to acquire highly accurate HDX-MS data. The precision on the mass measurement of FT-ICR MS is by itself not sufficient to unambiguously identify peptides from a pepsin digest due to the lack of pepsin specificity. We therefore developed a statistical approach for peptide identification, based on a probability of occurrence value of a given peptide within a pepsin digest. In combination with high mass accuracy, this method allows efficient identification of the peptides, without additional need of MS/MS verification. This method has been applied on the study of the binding regions in the complexes of eIF3i:bC3 and eIF3i:gC1ΔC. Peptide reference lists with high sequence coverage and rich sequence superposition ensured structure elucidation with high spatial resolution. For the binding of 3i and 3b, the detailed interaction regions were unveiled for proteins in the solution phase which resembled the physiological condition and were coherent with the reported protein structure, thus provided complimentary information to the crystallographic structure in solid phase. For the binding of 3i and 3g, the interaction regions were studied with the absence of any atomic structural information of 3g. This provides significant insights of the complex formation of 3i and 3g, and for the first time the precise binding regions were successfully revealed
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Rose, Rebecca Jane. „The Mechanism of Donor-Strand Exchange in Pilus Assembly Studied by Mass Spectrometry“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491635.
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Gram-negative bacteria assemble multi-subunit pili on their surfaces to aid in the establishment of infection. One such class of pili are assembled by the chaperone-usher pathway. In the periplasm, pilus subunits are bound to a chaperone protein, which donates a l3-strand to complete the subunit's, fold. At the outer membrane, the chaperone dissociates and subunits polymerise, each donating an Nterminal extension (Nte) to complete the fold of an adjacent subunit, in a mechanism named donor-strand exchange (DSE). Pili can be comprised of a single subunit type, or several different subunits, assembled in a specific order which is important for functionality of the pilus. Here, DSE is investigated in molecular detail, to determine the precise. mechanism by which it occurs and to analyse the formation of subunit-subunit interactions and the molecular basis for ordered subunit assembly. In order to achieve this, a robust and accurate mass spectrometric method has been developed, to allow reactions between non-covalent protein complexes to be monitored, and used in conjunction with mutational and computational studies. The identification for the' first time of a transient intermediate in DSE, for the Saf pili from Salmonella enterica, showed the reaction to occur via a concerted mechanism. The first interaction to form between an Nte and a subunit was identified, the 'P5' binding site, and shown to be essential for efficient DSE. An interaction stabilising the DSE product was also identified, and evidence was obtained for a 'zip-in-zip-out' mechanism of donor-strand swap. In the multi-subunit P-pilus system from Escherichia coli, analysis of all 30 pairs of subunits showed that those known to interact in vivo, 'cognate' pairs, consistently underwent DSE in vitro more rapidly than their non-cognate counterparts. The basis for this specificity was discovered to be due to complementarity between the two molecules at the initial sit~ of Nte docking. Furthermore, the accessibility of this site was determined to be responsible for the rate at which a subunit can bind an Nte. The relationship between inherent biophysical properties and other in vivo factors was explored in the context of correctly ordered pilus assembly. In conclusion, detailed molecular insights into DSE in pilus assembly have been attained. This understanding of the molecular recognition, strand-swap mechanism and complex stabilisation involved, in addition to the structurally-encoded specificity of subunit interactions, has greatly enhanced ou'r knowledge of the chaperone-usher pathway at a fundamental level. This study should therefore act as an effective basis to advance considerably future important investigations.
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Clement, Robert J. „Mass and energy exchange of a plantation forest in Scotland using micrometeorological methods“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14588.
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This thesis presents the energy, water, and carbon budgets of Sitka spruce plantation forest in Scotland over the period 1997 to 2001. The site microclimate is observed to be strongly influenced by the site’s oceanic climate, and canopy development. Atmospheric structure is observed to affect temporal patterns of microclimatological variables while topography is observed to affect microclimatological and flux measurements. Eddy covariance flux measurement theory and methods are examined and specific inadequacies are addressed. Theoretical aspects of eddy covariance that were examined include signal despiking, coordinate rotation, low frequency contributions, as well as correlations for density fluctuations, angle of attack errors, and sonic temperature determination. An analysis of frequency response correction methods was used to determined if superior methods could be identified. Fluxes of momentum were used to verify existing measures of atmospheric turbulence and analysed to identify canopy structure and growth. Sensible heat fluxes were found to have an unexpected negative bias, only a portion of which can be attributed to instrument error. This bias is found to depend upon topography and wind speed but is apparently unrelated to katabatic flow. Large errors in latent heat flux were caused by enhanced tube attenuation and were corrected using improved frequency response corrections. Interannual variability of momentum and sensible heat flux were closely associated with wind speed variability, while interannual variability of NEE was attributable primarily to radiation. The source of variability of latent heat flux was not clearly identifiable. Missing values of latent heat flux were modelled using a canopy conductance model, which incorporated effects of canopy evaporation.
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Lente, Sandra van. „Cultural exchange in selected contemporary British novels“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17133.
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In dieser Dissertation werden die Repräsentationen von Kulturtransfer in zeitgenössischen britischen Romanen untersucht (Monica Ali: Brick Lane (2003), Nadeem Aslam: Maps For Lost Lovers (2004), Gautam Malkani: Londonstani (2007) und Maggie Gee: The White Family (2002)). Für die Analyse der Begegnungen und Kulturtransferprozesse werden narratologische Analysekategorien mit denen der Kulturtransferanalyse verknüpft. Neben den textimmanenten Aspekten werden außerdem die Produktions- und Rezeptionskontexte der Romane mitberücksichtigt. Dazu gehören u.a. auch das Buchmarketing und Buchumschlagdesign sowie Rezensionen und öffentliche Reaktionen auf die Romane. Mit diesem Instrumentarium werden z.B. folgende Fragen untersucht: Wie werden Begegnungen und Austauschprozesse repräsentiert und bewertet? Welche Gründe für Aneignung oder Abschottung werden formuliert? In diesem Kontext konzentriert sich die Arbeit auf die Repräsentation von Mediatorinnen und Mediatoren, Kontaktzonen und -situationen, Machtstrukturen sowie Selektions- und Ablehnungsprozesse. Außerdem wird untersucht, mit welchen ästhetischen Mitteln die Austauschprozesse gestaltet werden, beispielsweise durch die Untersuchung der Plotmuster und der Charakterisierungen auf Stereotype hin. und welche Effekte dies bewirkt. Die Analysen haben ergeben, dass Kulturtransfer als erstrebenswert bewertet wird. Gleichzeitig findet aber oft nur Assimilierung statt und kein reziproker Austausch auf Augenhöhe. Die ausgewählten Romane setzen sich vorwiegend mit Hindernissen des interkulturellen Austauschs auseinander. Besonders häufig werden in diesem Kontext Gründe wie mangelnde Bereitschaft, mangelnde Bildung und extremistische (religiöse) Ansichten der Einwandererfamilien angeführt. Die Romane verstetigen Stereotype, die dem Lesepublikum bereits aus vielen Massenmedien vertraut sind, u.a. durch entwicklungsresistente Charaktere, typisiert als ungebildete und unverbesserliche Migranten, die Parallelgesellschaften entwerfen.This thesis analyses representations of cultural exchange in contemporary British novels in the context of migration and the British literary field. It offers a multilayered approach: the combination of cultural exchange theory and its categories with narratological tools do justice to the aesthetic side of the novels as well as their socio-political and historical contexts that are particularly relevant for novels dealing with migration. Cultural exchange theory analyses appropriation and transformation processes, i.e. how the concepts, cultural practices as well as representations change when they are transferred into a different cultural context. Furthermore, this thesis takes into consideration that all novels exist as material objects within a literary field that is affected by editors, marketing people, reviewers, and other agents. The results support the following theses: Contact and exchange are implicitly and explicitly depicted as something positive, with two of the novels emphasising the virtues of selective appropriation. However, the exchange processes mainly work in one direction only and contact between (British) Asian and (white) British characters is limited. The blame for this is often put on the immigrants and their families. The selected texts focus on obstacles and conflicts in exchange processes without offering solutions to the conflicts. In this context, religion or religious fervour along with a lack of education are most often depicted as the main obstacle for reciprocal cultural exchange. The aesthetic means employed are analysed as well as their effects, e.g. whether form and content reinforce each other or produce contradictions. Finally, the thesis shows which novels deconstruct and contradict existing stereotypes and which ones are complicit in reproducing them. Primary texts: Monica Ali’s Brick Lane (2003), Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers (2004), Gautam Malkani’s Londonstani (2006) and Maggie Gee’s The White Family (2002).
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Ament, Felix. „Energy and moisture exchange processes over heterogeneous land surfaces in a weather prediction model“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980850878.
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López-Ballesteros, Ana, Cecilio Oyonarte, Andrew S. Kowalski, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, M. Rosario Moya und Francisco Domingo. „Can land degradation drive differences in the C exchange of two similar semiarid ecosystems?“ COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626541.
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Currently, drylands occupy more than one-third of the global terrestrial surface and are recognized as areas vulnerable to land degradation. The concept of land degradation stems from the loss of an ecosystem's biological productivity due to long-term loss of natural vegetation or depletion of soil nutrients. Drylands' key role in the global carbon (C) balance has been recently demonstrated, but the effects of land degradation on C sequestration by these ecosystems still need to be investigated. In the present study, we compared net C and water vapor fluxes, together with satellite, meteorological and vadose zone (CO2, water content and temperature) measurements, between two nearby (similar to 23 km) experimental sites representing "natural" (i.e., site of reference) and "degraded" grazed semiarid grasslands. We utilized data acquired over 6 years from two eddy covariance stations located in southeastern Spain with highly variable precipitation magnitude and distribution. Results show a striking difference in the annual C balances with an average net CO2 exchange of 196 +/- 40 (C release) and 23 +/- 2 gCm(-2) yr(-1) (C fixation) for the degraded and natural sites, respectively. At the seasonal scale, differing patterns in net CO2 fluxes were detected over both growing and dry seasons. As expected, during the growing seasons, greater net C uptake over longer periods was observed at the natural site. However, a much greater net C release, probably derived from subterranean ventilation, was measured at the degraded site during drought periods. After subtracting the nonbiological CO2 flux from net CO2 exchange, flux partitioning results point out that, during the 6 years of study, gross primary production, ecosystem respiration and water use efficiency were, on average, 9, 2 and 10 times higher, respectively, at the natural site versus the degraded site. We also tested differences in all monitored meteorological and soil variables and CO2 at 1.50m belowground was the variable showing the greatest intersite difference, with similar to 1000 ppm higher at the degraded site. Thus, we believe that subterranean ventilation of this vadose zone CO2, previously observed at both sites, partly drives the differences in C dynamics between them, especially during the dry season. It may be due to enhanced subsoil-atmosphere interconnectivity at the degraded site.
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Ramanathan, Usha. „Analysing the role of information exchange for demand forecasting in collaborative supply chains“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11538/.
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It is now widely recognized that supply chains, not individual organisations, are responsible for the success or failure of businesses. This has necessitated close coordination among supply chain partners. In the past few decades, in an attempt to improve the overall efficiency of the supply chain, many companies have engaged in collaboration with other supply chain members. Consequently, several supply chain management initiatives such as Vendor Managed Inventory, Efficient Consumer Response, Continuous Replenishment and Accurate Response have been proposed in the literature to improve the flow of materials as well as information among supply chain partners. In this line, Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) is a relatively new initiative that combines the intelligence of multiple trading partners in planning and fulfilment of customer demand by linking sales and marketing best practices. The role of CPFR has been widely studied in the US retail industry, but it has not been researched much in the UK and also in Asian countries. Hence, this research focuses on the adoption of CPFR in the UK and India. Levels of collaboration and information sharing differ to a great extent across the supply chains based on the needs of individual businesses. Accordingly, the importance of CPFR varies in different supply chains. The study reported in this research explores the operations of CPFR and highlights the corresponding benefits in different firms using case studies of Indian (4 cases) and British (2 cases) companies operating in Make-To-Stock (MTS) and Make-To-Order (MTO) environments. In this research, information exchange among collaborating partners is analysed with a focus on its role in demand forecasting and timely replenishment. In order to identify potential benefits of CPFR, this research has adopted a four stage approach. In the first stage, interviews with top and middle managers in the case companies helped to develop a clear understanding of the collaborative arrangements in each company. In stage two, a conceptual model called the Reference Demand Model (RDM) was developed. RDM is a specific model representing the dependency of demand projection on information from different supply chain members involved in supply chain processes. When fully developed, the RDM will serve as a decision tool for the companies involved in collaboration to decide on the level of collaboration and the type of information exchange in order to improve supply chain planning and forecasting. Further, to explore how demand information collected through RDM can help improve forecasts accuracy, a quantitative approach is employed in the next two stages. Therefore, stages 3 and 4 were studied only for the cases with detailed sales data. In stage 3, structural equation models were developed to establish the underlying relationships among demand factors that were identified using RDM. In stage 4, regression forecast models of sales were developed using the demand factors identified through RDM. The forecast models showed an improved accuracy and thus this research suggested the case company (Soft Drink Co.) to use the demand information (identified from RDM) in the demand forecasts. The results strongly support CPFR in a MTS environment with promotional sales, and exchanging the detailed sales information from downstream to upstream supply chain members may improve the accuracy of demand forecasts. Information exchange is also required to ensure timely replenishment for MTS products. However, in a MTO environment, there is less need for collaboration with downstream supply chain partners for the purpose of short term demand forecasting.
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Katakura, Katsumi. „Studies on The Mass Transfer Through Perfluorinated Cation Exchange Membranes and Their Electrochemical Applications“. Kyoto University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160778.
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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものであるKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(工学)
乙第8980号
論工博第3007号
新制||工||1006(附属図書館)
UT51-95-V467
(主査)教授 竹原 善一郎, 教授 小久見 善八, 教授 西本 清一
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Kryvobokov, Marko. „Mass valuation of urban land in Ukraine : from normative to a market-based approach /“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Dept. of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4235.
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Yongphrayoon, Auchariya. „Hedonic price models and GIS for mass land valuation in the Bangkok metropolitan region“. Thesis, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589417.
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This research aims to compare econometric models based on hedonic pricing methods, with traditional methods and to evaluate the utility of geographical information systems (GIS) for construction and analysis of land value models. Land values explicitly have an influence on local environment, community development and taxation, as well as urban planning policy. This research applies multiple regression analysis as an econometric tool based upon hedonic pricing methods to identify models and significant variables influencing land prices. The research areas of seven square kilometres contained over 15,000 land parcels in Nong Khaem district, one of the western districts of Bangkok, and in Bang Bua Thong, the western district of Nonthaburi province. The research sample included 1,999 sales data of properties purchased during three consecutive years. Their details were gathered by both on-site observation and investigation methods. The purchased prices of sales data were gained directly from face-to-face interviews with local dwellers and organisations. Data collection employed quantitative and qualitative research methods. The qualitative variables are defined and measured based upon questionnaire responses of 127 local professionals and non-professionals. Sales data collection forms concerning land sales were used for gathering selling prices and their attributes. Over 3,000 land plots or a quarter of the total land plots in the research areas were tested to estimate land values based upon two hedonic price models selected from the 12 models that were developed. To evaluate the utility of geographic information system, spatial and non-spatial data were derived from a variety of secondary sources. These data were integrated together by a parcel identification number (PIN). Surface response and spatial models were employed to visually demonstrate how GIS are able to support mass land evaluation tasks in the Bangkok metropolitan region. The results of the research provide valuable information and evidence to support policy makers and other relevant organisations as well as private sector organisations involved in urban development, environmental and public administration, and management regarding benefits of the hedonic price models and GIS comparing with the traditional method for mass land valuation in Thailand. 3 ••
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Ross, Victor B. „Using rapid environmental assessment to improve the hazard prediction and assessment capability for weapons of mass destruction“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FRoss%5FMETOC.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Carlyle Wash, Neil Rowe. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48). Also available online.
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Morrison, Ross David. „Land/atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange at semi-natural and regenerating peatlands in East Anglia, UK“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27972.
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This thesis presents the first direct flux measurements of land/atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO[subscript 2]) exchange at managed lowland peatlands in the East Anglian Fens, UK. The dynamics and magnitude of land/atmosphere CO[subscript 2] exchange were quantified at semi-natural and regenerating ex-arable fens located at the Wicken Fen Nature Reserve in Cambridgeshire. Eddy covariance measurements were made at the semi-natural fen throughout two thermally and hydrologically dissimilar periods during 2009 and 2010, and at the regenerating former-arable fen over the complete annual cycle of 2010. The study sites were characterised by strong seasonal variation in CO[subscript 2] exchange. The semi-natural fen was a net source of 85.47±25.78 g CO[subscript 2]-C m[superscript -2] between 20th March and 31st December 2009, and a small net sink of -22.66±18.85 g CO[subscript 2]-C m[superscript -2] for the same period of 2010. Photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration were both higher during warm conditions of 2009 compared to 2010, but enhanced rates of ecosystem production were outweighed by large CO[subscript 2] losses during warm and dry conditions in autumn. The large interannual variability in CO[subscript 2] exchange illustrates the sensitivity of semi-natural fens to climatic variability and change, and highlights the need to maintain high water levels to prevent large losses of soil carbon to the atmosphere as CO[subscript 2]. The regenerating fen functioned as a small net source of 21.24±17.11 g CO[subscript 2]-C m[superscript -2] yr[superscript -1]. On the basis of values currently used to represent CO[subscript 2] losses from arable fens, the annual CO[subscript 2] balance for the ex-arable fen in 2010 indicates the net CO[subscript 2] benefit of fenland rehabilitation was an avoided loss of -87.7±17.11g CO[subscript 2]-C m[superscript -2] yr[superscript -1]. The results from the regenerating site imply that a more adaptive water management strategy will be needed if the environmental conditions required for peat formation and net carbon capture are to be restored.
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Hodkinson, John. „(beta)2-microglobulin from function to fibril : an investigation using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507734.
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Long, Yaoling. „Study of the conformation of myoglobin adsorbed on nanoparticles using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry“. [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041357.
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Modestou, Sevasti Eleni. „Radiogenic isotopes in the Mediterranean Sea : water mass exchange and precessional variability during the Messinian“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7754/.
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During the late Miocene, exchange between the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean changed dramatically, culminating in the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Understanding Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange at that time could answer the enigmatic question of how so much salt built up within the Mediterranean, while furthering the development of a framework for future studies attempting to understand how changes may have impacted global thermohaline circulation. Due to their association with specific water masses at different scales, radiogenic Sr, Pb, and Nd isotope records were generated from various archives contained within marine deposits to endeavour to understand better late Miocene Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange. The archives used include foraminiferal calcite (Sr), fish teeth and bone (Nd), dispersed authigenic ferromanganese oxyhydroxides (Nd, Pb), and a ferromanganese crust (Pb). The primary focus is on sediments preserved at one end of the Betic corridor, a gateway that once connected the Mediterranean to the Atlantic through southern Spain, although other locations are investigated. The Betic gateway terminated within several marginal sub-basins before entering the Western Mediterranean; one of these is the Sorbas Basin, a well-studied location whose sediments have been astronomically tuned at high temporal resolution, providing the necessary age control for sub-precessional resolution records. Since the climatic history of the Mediterranean is strongly controlled by precessional changes in regional climate, the aim was to produce records at high (sub-precessional) temporal resolution, to be able to observe clearly any precessional cyclicity driven by regional climate which could be superimposed over longer trends. This goal was achieved for all records except the ferromanganese crust record. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope record (Ch. 3) shows precessional frequency excursions away from the global seawater curve. As precessional frequency oscillations are unexpected for this setting, a numerical box model was used to determine the mechanisms causing the excursions. To enable parameterisation of model variables, regional Sr characteristics, data from general circulation model HadCM3L, and new benthic foraminiferal assemblage data are employed. The model results imply that the Sorbas Basin likely had a positive hydrologic budget in the late Miocene, very different to that of today. Moreover, the model indicates that the mechanism controlling the Sr isotope ratio of Sorbas Basin seawater was not restriction, but a lack of density-driven exchange with the Mediterranean. Beyond improving our understanding of how marginal Mediterranean sub-basins may evolve different isotope signatures, these results have implications for astronomical tuning and stratigraphy in the region, findings which are crucial considering the geological and climatic history of the late Miocene Mediterranean is based entirely on marginal deposits. An improved estimate for the Nd isotope signature of late Miocene Mediterranean Outflow (MO) was determined by comparing Nd isotope signatures preserved in the deeper Alborán Sea at ODP Site 978 with literature data as well as the signature preserved in the Sorbas Basin (Ch. 4; -9.34 to -9.92 ± 0.37 εNd(t)). It was also inferred that it is unlikely that Nd isotopes can be used reliably to track changes in circulation within the shallow settings characteristic of the Mediterranean-Atlantic connections; this is significant in light of a recent publication documenting corridor closure using Nd isotopes. Both conclusions will prove useful for future studies attempting to understand changes in Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange. Excursions to high values, with precessional frequency, are also observed in the radiogenic Pb isotope record for the Sorbas Basin (Ch. 5). Widening the scope to include locations further away from the gateways, records were produced for late Miocene sections on Sicily and Northern Italy, and similar precessional frequency cyclicity was observed in the Pb isotope records for these sites as well. Comparing these records to proxies for Saharan dust and available whole rock data indicates that, while further analysis is necessary to draw strong conclusions, enhanced dust production during insolation minima may be driving the observed signal. These records also have implications for astronomical tuning; peaks in Pb isotope records driven by Saharan dust may be easier to connect directly to the insolation cycle, providing improved astronomical tuning points. Finally, a Pb isotope record derived using in-situ laser ablation performed on ferromanganese crust 3514-6 from the Lion Seamount, located west of Gibraltar within the MO plume, has provided evidence that plume depth shifted during the Pliocene. The record also suggests that Pb isotopes may not be a suitable proxy for changes in late Miocene Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange, since the Pb isotope signatures of regional water masses are too similar. To develop this record, the first published instance of laser ablation derived 230Thexcess measurements are combined with 10Be dating.
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Kim, So-Mang. „The synthesis of Combined Heat and Mass Exchange Networks (CHAMENs) with renewables considering environmental impact“. Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31376.
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Process synthesis is used to evaluate different potential designs to select the most suitable that fulfils some process goals. There is ever-increasing pressure to reduce operating cost and emission of pollutants as energy prices continue to increase and more regulations are set by government. To address these concerns, optimisation methods based on heuristics, pinch technology and mathematical programming can be adopted. Since the early 90s, mathematical programming has gained significant attention to solve large and complex problems. Extensive studies have been conducted for heat exchange network synthesis (HENS), which was first used to optimise utility usage and operating costs. Many existing mass exchange network synthesis (MENS) methods are derived from HENS techniques since analogies exist between the two networks. Integrating the synthesis of mass and heat exchange networks in what is known as combined heat and mass exchange network synthesis (CHAMENS) can be beneficial because mass transfer is affected by operating temperature. However, very little research has been done in this area of process synthesis due to their complex nature. It is even more challenging to find literature involving the regeneration of multiple recyclable MSAs in a network synthesis context. Furthermore, the few studies that have considered CHAMENS have done the optimisation considering economic performance alone, whereas the consideration of environmental impact as an additional objective can help attain a more sustainable process. This thesis builds on current knowledge of CHAMENs synthesis methods by considering CHAMENs with detailed regeneration networks (RENs) involving multiple recyclable MSAs, multiple regenerating streams, and solar thermal as an alternative energy source, using a multi-period synthesis approach. Simultaneously optimising a combination of these networks is not a trivial task due to the resulting large model size having many binary and non-linear terms and the interactions among them. Stage-wise superstructure (SWS) synthesis approaches for heat and mass exchanger networks are adopted in this thesis for the synthesis of CHAMENs. A new superstructure for RENs, which is equivalent to that of a MEN, is presented in this thesis. The combined superstructure, which involves multiple MSAs, multiple regenerants, and multiple hot and cold process streams, is integrated with solar thermal energy as a renewable energy option. The availability of solar thermal energy is simplified by discretizing into two time periods of daytime and nighttime operations. The proposed CHAMEN model is also extended to handle multi-objective optimisation (MOO) of environmental impact and economic objectives to identify the optimal network configuration. Two examples were solved, and the results obtained showed that the implementation of integrated solar panels and thermal storage tanks could reduce the environmental impact of the combined networks by 76% and 26% for case studies 1 and 2 respectively. However, such eco-friendly infrastructure resulted in increased total annual cost (TAC) values of 36% and 15% respectively for the two case studies. These results indicate that by using the methodologies developed in this thesis, trade-offs can be established between economics and environmental impact as objectives.
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Eaton, Brandon Michael. „One Dimensional, Transient Model of Heat, Mass, and Charge Transfer in a Proton Exchange Membrane“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32788.
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A transient, one-dimensional, model of the membrane of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is presented. The role of the membrane is to transport protons from the anode to cathode of the fuel cell while preventing the transport of other reactants. The membrane is modeled assuming mono-phase, multi-species flow. For water transport, the principle driving forces modeled are a convective force, an osmotic force (i.e. diffusion), and an electric force. The first of these results from a pressure gradient, the second from a concentration gradient, and the third from the migration of protons from anode to cathode and their effect (drag) on the dipole water molecules. Equations are developed for the conservation of protons and water, the conservation of thermal energy, and the variation of proton potential within the membrane.
The model is solved using a fully implicit finite difference approach. Results showing the effects of current density, pressure gradients, water and heat fluxes, and fuel cell start-up on water concentration, temperature, and proton potential across the membrane are presented.Master of Science
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Ohkura, Yoshiko. „Japanese newspapers: their role and limitations in environmental reporting : case study: the Isahaya Bay land reclamation project issue /“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envo37.pdf.
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Hunter, Gerald O. „The examination of the stability and reactivity of select transition metal [beta]-diketonate complexes during gas-phase ligand exchange reactions /“. Connect to resource online, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1263671226.
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Otero, Jesús Gilberto. „Coffee, the money market, the real exchange rate, and economic fluctuations in Colombia“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59428/.
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This thesis analyses the effects of coffee booms on the money market, the real exchange rate, and the business cycle in Colombia. Chapter 2 presents an overview of the coffee sector in the country, including a brief description of its macroeconomic role, and unique institutional structure. Chapter 3 investigates, from a simulation perspective, two empirical difficulties that arise in econometric modelling when using quarterly data, as is done in chapters 4 and 5. The first practical concern is whether to conduct the econometric analysis on data that have been subjected to seasonal adjustment or in terms of unadjusted data. The simulation results provide a justification for using seasonally unadjusted data, as the use of filters reduces the power of the Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron cointegration tests. The second difficulty concerns an empirical regularity encountered when analysing the Colombian quarterly series of money supply and GDP, both of which exhibit a structural break (or change) in the seasonal pattern. We find that these structural breaks bias both unit root and seasonal root tests, so that new critical values must be tabulated allowing for a change in either the level and/or the seasonal pattern of the underlying series. Chapter 4 examines the monetary consequences of coffee booms. The theoretical work on this subject shows that under a regime of fixed exchange rates, export booms affect both the demand and the supply for money. Within this theoretical framework, we assess whether the coffee booms of the second half of the seventies and mid eighties led to excess money supply in Colombia. We find a direct association between coffee export booms and excess money supply, implying that external disturbances jeopardise the ability of the economic authorities to carry out successful monetary policy. Chapter 5 uses the Johansen procedure to estimate a real exchange rate determination model for Colombia. We find one cointegrating vector, which can be thought of as a long-run real exchange rate equation. The deviations of the real exchange rate from its long-run equilibrium relationship, after correcting for the short-run dynamics, are interpreted as a measure of real exchange rate misalignment. The simulation performance of the model, during the period of estimation and three years into the future, is particularly good, with the simulated real exchange rate reproducing the general long-run behaviour of the actual series. Chapter 6 develops an intertemporal disequilibrium model in order to analyse the effects of temporary, anticipated, and permanent coffee price shocks on a small open economy under Keynesian unemployment. Our results indicate that a coffee price boom (whether temporary, anticipated or permanent) increases nontradable output in the short and long run (a similar result is obtained when we discuss other disequilibrium regimes). The basic model is then extended by including a government sector that administers a coffee price stabilisation fund, and by allowing capital market imperfections. Our results indicate that when the government is able to borrow on more favourable terms in international capital markets than households, the stabilisation fund neutralises part of the short-term effect of a temporary coffee price boom. On the other hand, when the government and the private sector borrow on the same terms, the stabilisation fund turns out to be redundant.