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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Maronite question“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Maronite question"
1
Rinkevičius, Šarūnas. „The Collective Memory of the Maronite Community in the 21st Century: an Anthropological Perspective“. Hemispheres.Studies on Cultures and Societies 38 (2023): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.60018/hemi.rbcu8003.
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This paper deals with the question of the collective memory of the Maronite community in the 21st century as reflected by the secular representatives of the community, based on a fieldwork trip to Lebanon in December 2022. The article is divided into two parts: firstly, the main aspects of the collective memory in the field of identity studies are assessed; secondly, the modern Maronite collective memory represented by the political and cultural representatives of the Maronite community is analysed. The paper provides conclusions about the golden age of Lebanon, the perception of the Phoenician legacy and the connections between Lebanon and the Maronites.
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Krupa, Jozef. „Anointing with the Holy Oil of St. Sharbel — a New Phenomenon in Catholic Practice“. Roczniki Teologiczne 69, Nr. 6 (29.06.2022): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt.22696.4.
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In recent years, especially in eastern Slovakia, a new phenomenon has emerged in Catholic practice — anointing with the Holy Oil of St. Sharbel. Although the rite of such anointing is not found in any liturgical book, some Catholic priests of the Latin rite, especially in this part of the country, confer it to the Catholics of their rite. Catholics from various parts of Slovakia, western Poland, Ukraine, Moravia and others also take part in it. The author of the article mainly uses the comparative method, comparing this practice with the documents of the Magisterium and the bishop guidelines. He tries to find out if it is a sacramental in the Maronite church. If so, he states that the priests of the Latin rite cannot confer sacramental of the Maronite church without permission. The aim of the article is to find an answer to the question of whether it is a sacramental within the Catholic Church of the Latin rite or a rite that belongs to the field of human faith, such as immersion in the Lourdes water, during which several miraculous healings have taken place, but which is not accompanied by any assistance by a priest or deacon.
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Makdisi, Ussama. „AFTER 1860: DEBATING RELIGION, REFORM, AND NATIONALISM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE“. International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, Nr. 4 (18.09.2002): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802004014.
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The events of 1860 constitute a turning point in the modern history of Lebanon. In the space of a few weeks between the end of May and the middle of June, Maronite and Druze communities clashed in Mount Lebanon in a struggle to see which community would control, and define, a stretch of mountainous territory at the center of complicated Eastern Question politics.1 The Druzes carried the day. Every major Maronite town within reach of the Druzes was pillaged, its population either massacred or forced to flee. In July, Damascene Muslims rioted to protest deteriorating economic conditions, targeting and massacring several hundred of the city's Christian population. Although the reasons for the fighting in Mount Lebanon and the riot in Damascus were quite different, the Ottoman, local, and European reactions inevitably conflated both events.2 Following the restoration of order, the conflict of 1860 was the subject, effectively, of an Ottoman government mandate of silence—a desire to forget the events and proceed with administering the newly constituted Mutasarrifiyya of Mount Lebanon. At the same time, however, the sectarian violence prompted an outpouring of local memories that the Ottoman government could neither control nor suppress.
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Bryant, Rebecca, und Mete Hatay. „Performing Peace: Vernacular Reconciliation and the Diplomacy of Return in Cyprus“. Journal of Refugee Studies 34, Nr. 1 (01.03.2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab003.
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Abstract The Cyprus conflict is usually described as one between a majority Greek Cypriot and minority Turkish Cypriot population, with their opposing visions of the island’s future. In that conflict, more than 200,000 Cypriots from both these communities were displaced between 1958 and 1974. Lost in this standard narrative, however, are the conflict’s other ‘Others’: the smaller Maronite, Armenian, Latin, and Roma populations, who also experienced displacement in the course of the conflict. This paper concerns the Maronite community’s struggle to remain in or return to their historic lands in the island’s northwest. We examine the acts of everyday diplomacy that, over the past decade, have resulted in a revival of the largest Maronite village, a removal of restrictions on their rights, and most recently the partial withdrawal of the Turkish military from another Maronite village so that it may be reopened to settlement. We use these as instances of what we term ‘vernacular reconciliation’, ways of rebuilding coexistence that suspend questions of sovereignty that remain at the heart of the Cyprus impasse. We argue that this pragmatic approach calls on cultural knowledge of past patterns of coexistence through performances that in turn produce deeply felt senses of responsibility and patterns of reciprocity. Such patterns of reciprocity, we show, are reappropriated in the context of ongoing conflict.
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De Luca, Rossella. „The Engagement of Nineteenth-Century Scholars with Jirmānūs Farḥāt’s Baḥth al-Maṭālib: An Early Modern Textbook for Ottoman Schools“. Philological Encounters 6, Nr. 3-4 (09.12.2021): 470–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-bja10024.
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Abstract This article focuses on the engagement of three scholars of the nineteenth century, later to be called scholars of the nahḍa, with an Arabic grammar manual titled Baḥth al-maṭālib wa-ḥathth al-ṭālib (“The Pursuit of the Questions and the Encouragement of the Student”), supposedly written in 1705 by the Maronite monk Jibrīl (later Jirmānūs) Farḥāt (1670–1732). The scholars considered in this contribution are Aḥmad Fāris al-Shidyāq (d. 1887), Buṭrus al-Bustānī (d. 1883), and Saʿīd al-Khūrī al-Shartūnī (d. 1912). They engaged with this text by editing and printing it, and by making it available for use in Ottoman public schools. Through a close reading of representative excerpts from their printed editions, this article explores the three scholars’ philological engagement with Baḥth al-maṭālib and its multiple uses in nineteenth-century schools. The ways in which they worked on the text, it is argued, illustrate their different pedagogical approaches towards the teaching of the Arabic language.
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Taylor, Jonah. „The Clash of Civilizations in the Syrian Crisis: Migration and Terrorism“. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 2, Nr. 4 (01.12.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v2i4.25.
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The Syrian crisis can be the beginning of a new civilization conflict. Ethnic and religious pluralism is clearly evident in this country; Muslims: Sunnis, Duroz, Alawites, Shiites, and Ismailis; Orthodox Christians, Catholics, Maronites, Protestants, and Turkmen and Kurdish ethnic minorities. The Syrian crisis in 2011 appeared to be protesting against the ruling elite (Alawi). Due to the presence of various cultures and religions, it seems that this will make the Syrian crisis a prelude to a renewed clash of civilizations. The present research seeks to answer these questions: What are the basic propositions of the theory of the clash of civilizations and how is it represented in the Syrian crisis? Since according to Samuel Huntington, the foundation of civilizations, religious and cultural backgrounds, and cultural and religious identities are the main source of the clash of civilizations; Therefore, the war on terrorism, the Syrian crisis, the emergence of ISIL and the presence of the US military and international interventions, the competition of regional and trans-national powers, is express the clash of civilizations.
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Shormani, Mohammed. „Cypriot Arabic: Language Contact and Linguistic Deviations from Mainstream Arabic Norms“. International Journal of Linguistics Studies 3, Nr. 2 (11.05.2023): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2023.3.2.5.
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I was fascinated when I came to know that there is “Arabic” spoken in Cyprus, which aroused several questions in me as to how this language came into existence, how it is spoken now, what changes to its linguistic modules take place due to language contact with other languages, what its status now is, etc. This article, thus, aims to investigate these questions, focusing mainly on how Cypriot Arabic (CyA) deviates from Mainstream Arabic (MA) varieties in all linguistic modules as a result of the language contact with the dominant language, i.e. Cypriot Greek. Specifically, I investigate CyA linguistic modules: phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon and how language contact leads to deviations from Mainstream Arabic norms. Language decay and death are also investigated. Cypriot Arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken in Cyprus, having evolved as a purely oral (unwritten) variety in isolation from any written or spoken variety of Arabic after the twelfth century. It is spoken by the Maronite Cypriots who have immigrated mostly from Syria and Lebanon to Cyprus and have inhabited Kormakiti(s) village until the Turkish invasion of the northern part of the Island in 1974 (Borg, 1985; inter alia). The main contact CyA has is with (Cypriot) Greek. In this paper, I employ the comparative and analytic approaches to linguistic phenomena under study. Findings indicate that CyA is severely endangered and hence should urgently be documented and revitalized. Thus, this research, to the best of my knowledge, is the first to be conducted by a linguist who is a native speaker of Arabic (with a little knowledge of Greek), and here lies its significance. It provides a reliable investigation and contributes to the existing body of literature on this language variety.
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Hélou, Nada. „Encore sur l’icône de Kaftoun : rapport préliminaire sur le décor singulier de son encadrement“. Chronos 24 (28.03.2019): 181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v24i0.435.
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Le monastère de Notre-Dame de Kaftoun qui se situe dans le nord du Liban est connu pour être l'un des monastères les plus anciens du pays (Hélou 2007a, 292-295 , Mouawad 2001-2002, 95-96). Son ancienne icône de la Vierge et les fresques récemment découvertes témoignent de la grande prospérité dont il a joui à l'époque des Croisés, plus précisément au XIIIe siècle. Dans les recherches précédentes que j'avais entreprises sur les fresques et sur l'icône de Kaftoun (Hélou 2002, 2003, 2009 ; Hélou et Immerzeel 2005 et avec la collaboration de Mat Immerzeel 2006 et 2007), j'avais toujours mis l'accent sur les scènes et les figures qui constituent le sujet principal, omettant de toucher aux motifs représentés dans l'encadrement et composés de figures animales. Celles-ci forment en soit un sujet très particulier à cause de cette combinaison très singulière créée entre sujet principal, l'image de la Vierge, et l'encadrement où les figures animalières font le périmètre du panneau. La présence peu habituelle de ces motifs sur une icône pose des questions d'ordre problématique. II est certain que l'origine de cet encadrement n'est pas byzantine à l'instar de l'image représentée sur l'icône qui est d'un style très byzantinisant, mais qui remonte à l'une des traditions existant au XIIIe siècle dans le Comté de Tripoli. Ici vivaient les communautés confessionnelles les plus diverses telles les latins, les grecs orthodoxes, les syriens orthodoxes, les maronites, ainsi que des minorités arméniennes, nestoriennes, juives et bien sûr les musulmans autochtones majoritaires (Hamilton 1980 et 1996 ; Richard 1999 ; Cruikshank Dodd 2004 ; Immerzeel 2009).
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Nugent, S. Georgia. „Ausonius' ‘Late-Antique’ Poetics and ‘Post-Modern’ Literary Theory“. Ramus 19, Nr. 1 (1989): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00002940.
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The fourth-century Latin poet, Ausonius, enjoyed in his own time considerable prestige and success. Our witnesses for this reputation are by no means inconsiderable figures. In a letter, the emperor Theodosius proclaims that his admiration for the poet could not be greater. He equates Ausonius with the poets of the Augustan golden age and concludes that, although Augustusmighthave esteemed these authors as highly as Theodosius does Ausonius, he could not possibly have loved them more. In another fascinating document, Symmachus, one of the most influential and learned men of the age, playfully castigates Ausonius for the fact that, despite their friendship, he hasn't received a copy of the poet's latest best seller. The work in question is Ausonius' poem in praise of the Moselle river; copies of it, Symmachus punningly protests, are circulating everywhere, but they have glided right past him. Still, he has managed to obtain a copy to read, and the praise he lavishes on the work is boundless; he proclaims that the Moselle has become more famous than the Tiber and does not blush to conclude by holding up Ausonius to the master himself, Vergil:ego hoc tuum carmen libris Maronis adiungo(‘I class your poetry with Vergil's’).
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Mohammadi, Shoayb, Vladyslav Butenko, Zohreh Ghadbeigi und Masoumeh Ahangaran. „The Clash of Civilizations in the Syrian Crisis“. Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 11, Nr. 31 (01.10.2020): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.31.19.
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The Syrian crisis may be the beginning of a new conflict of civilizations. Ethnic and religious pluralism is clearly evident in this country: Muslims (Sunnis, Druze, Alawites, Shiites and Ismailis); Christians (Orthodox, Catholics, Maronites, Protestants) and Turkmen and Kurdish ethnic minorities. The Syrian crisis of 2011 seemed to go against the ruling elite (Alawis). With the escalation of the conflict, the country gradually became the scene of a civil war characterized by international dimensions. In this way, the conflict became a multilateral battle in which, on the one hand, the participants in it were the local element in the form of the government of Bashar al-Assad and extremist terrorist groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra, ISIL and Ahrar al-Sham; and on the other hand, the United States and its European allies, Saudi Arabia and some States of the Persian Gulf; and Iran and the axis of resistance, as well as Russia and China. Due to the presence of diverse cultures and religions, it appears that this will make the Syrian crisis a prelude to a renewed clash of civilizations. This research seeks to answer these questions: What are the basic propositions of the theory of the clash of civilizations and how is it represented in the Syrian crisis? Since, according to Samuel Huntington, the main sources of the clash of civilizations are the foundation of civilizations, religious and cultural antecedents, and cultural and religious identities. Consequently, they are expressions of the clash of civilizations: the war on terrorism, the Syrian crisis, the rise of ISIL and the presence of US military and international interventions, the competition of regional and transnational powers.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Maronite question"
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Eid, Pierre-Marie. „La relation maronite en France de 1840 à 1870 : histoire d'un courant catholique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAK005.
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La présente recherche s’est consacrée à l’étude d’un aspect relativement méconnu de l’historiographie, à savoir l’expression d’un fait maronite en France durant sa période fondatrice allant de la crise d’Orient en 1840 jusqu’à la chute du Second Empire en 1870. Cette histoire prend place dans une période marquée par des changements majeurs ayant motivé des cercles maronites et français, politiques et religieux, à nouer des relations particulières pour la défense de leurs intérêts et de leurs projets réciproques. En France, elle a donné lieu à un mouvement constituant un courant en tension entre les évolutions politiques et religieuses au Mont Liban, les dynamiques propres à la politique intérieure et étrangère de la France, et les amitiés catholiques dans l’espace euro-méditerranéen. Au terme de ce travail mobilisant des sources inexploitées en France, à Rome et au Liban, notamment les fonds non classés mais très riches du Patriarcat maronite, un passé ignoré a pu être exhumé, mettant en vis-à-vis des sources de nature et langues différentes qui n’avaient jamais dialogué ensembleThis research is mainly dedicated to the study of a relatively unknown aspect of historiography, namely the expression of a Maronite fact in France during its founding period ranging from the Eastern Crisis in 1840 until the fall of the Second Empire in 1870. This history takes place during a period marked by major changes having motivated Maronite and French circles, political and religious, to establish particular links for the defense of their interests and their reciprocal projects. In France, it gave rise to a movement constituting a current of tension between political and religious developments in Mount Lebanon, the dynamics specific to the internal and foreign policy of France, and Catholic friendships in the Euro-Mediterranean area. At the ending of this research which has mobilized unused sources, an ignored past has been exhumed, bringing together Maronite and French archive funds which had never been in dialogue with each other
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Bouyrat, Yann. „Naissance d'une relation privilégiée dans l'Orient ottoman : le rapprochement entre la France et les maronites du Liban (1831-1861)“. Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30034.
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This work aims at showing that, between 1831 and 1861, the relations between france and the maronites of lebanon, relations thus far old but nevertheless shallow, have deeply altered. They have particularly gained on the political, cultural and emotional field, creating a true "friendship" between both people. The purpose of this work is also to unveil, in this historic reconciling, the leading role played by the exarcerbation of the anglo-french rivalry in the orientCe travail vise à montrer qu’entre 1831 et 1861, les rapports entre la france et les maronites du liban, rapports jusque là anciens mais demeurés superficiels, ont profondément changé de nature. Ces derniers se sont en particulier enrichis sur les plans politique, culturel et affectif, donnant naissance à une véritable « amitié » entre les deux peuples. L’objet de ce travail est aussi de dévoiler, dans ce rapprochement historique, le rôle essentiel joué par l’exacerbation de la rivalité franco-anglaise en orient
Bücher zum Thema "Maronite question"
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Ṣufayr, Naṣr Allāh. Le patriarcat maronite et la question libanaise dans les textes de Sa Béatitude le patriarche Mâr Nasrallah-Pierre Sfeir: Anthologie. Paris: Cariscript, 1990.
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La question des minorités: Sur le plan politique, dans la pensée sociale de l'Eglise, minorités religieuses du Moyen Orient. Beyrouth: Mia press, 2002.
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Moubarak, Camille. La question des minorités: Sur le plan politique, dans la pensée sociale de l'Eglise, minorités religieuses du Moyen Orient. Beyrouth: Al Hikma Presses, 2002.
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1
Zoppi, Sergio. „Mezzogiorno e fascismo“. In Studi e saggi, 213–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-455-7.09.
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The relationship between Southern Italy and fascism is a little explored theme. The contribution reflects on this subject presenting unpublished conclusions: it starts from a volume by the author named after the monthly magazine 'Il Saggiatore' (Naples 1924-1925) by Gherardo Marone and expands the reflection through a more recent book by Zoppi dedicated to the magazine 'Questioni meridionali', also published in Naples, from 1934 to 1943. The three editors of 'Questioni meridionali' - Giuseppe Cenzato, an entrepreneur who was also the soul of the company, Francesco Giordani, a young chemical scientist, and Gino Olivetti, a politician and industrialist – despite being fascists, they created a periodical that showed how the 'Southern question', never mentioned by the dictatorship, remained, however, alive in its tragic backwardness. Every year, two large issues of the magazine were released, characterized by one or more original studies and always accompanied by extensive bibliographic reviews. Among the topics, analysed by a group of highly qualified scholars and often in comparison with the North of Italy, the following emerged: the railway network, tourism, the demographic and health situation, the birth rate, the difficulties of the construction industry, ports, the economic and production context. The magazine pays particular attention to the city of Naples and its housing drama and to the southern tax system, a primary source of backwardness starting with the problem of local government.
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Maïla, Joseph. „The Arab Christians: From the Eastern Question to the Recent Political Situation of the Minorities“. In Christian Communities in the Arab Middle East The Challenge of the Future, 25–47. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198293880.003.0002.
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Abstract In the last few years we have seen a renewal of interest in the study of Arab Christianity, and such an interest was undoubtedly due to a large number of reasons, linked both to recent political events and to an increase in specialized academic research on the Middle East and its problems.As far as recent events are concerned, a few of them have obviously cast Arab Christianity in a bad light. The first of these is the Lebanese War, a conflict with strong religious overtones. Since the early 1970s, attention has been drawn to the involvement of Lebanese Christians, mainly Maronites, grouped together in political parties or in militias, in a succession of clashes and acts of violence which were to mark the country for over fifteen years. Once the beacon of Arab Christianity and a place where Christians have traditionally held leading political positions, this country was to meet a tragic destiny, which was to have a considerable effect on the situation of Christians and their position within the national community. Similarly a lesser known war, in southern Sudan, is a fleeting reminder of the tragic fate met by the non-Arab Christian population of this Arab country. The emergence of Islam has also drawn attention to the new climate which has begun to form in several countries. More specifically, the harassment frequently suffered by the Egyptian Copts, particularly in Northern Egypt, underlines the difficult situation of this community, which has been an integral part of the country for almost two thousand years.