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1
Canino, Michael F., Patrick T. O'Reilly, Lorenz Hauser und Paul Bentzen. „Genetic differentiation in walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in response to selection at the pantophysin (PanI) locus“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, Nr. 11 (01.11.2005): 2519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-155.
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Samples of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea were screened for variation at the pantophysin (PanI) locus. Global genetic differentiation across samples (FST = 0.038) was considerably greater than reported in previous population studies using allozymes, mtDNA, or microsatellite loci and significantly greater than FST distributions of neutral loci simulated over a large range of locus heterozygosity. PanI allele frequencies varied over a broad latitudinal gradient and were correlated with estimated mean surface temperatures, resulting in the greatest levels of genetic divergence between the northern Bering Sea and the southernmost locations in the temperate Pacific Ocean (Puget Sound, Japan). The discordance between estimates of population differentiation estimated from PanI and other neutral marker classes, both in magnitude and in geographic patterns, could arise from temperature-mediated effects of natural selection over broad geographic scales. Our empirical results suggest that loci subject to directional selection may prove to be useful markers for stock identification in weakly structured marine fishes.
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STERGIOU, K., D. C. BOBORI, F. G. EKMEKÇİ, M. GÖKOĞLU, P. K. KARACHLE, G. MINOS, Y. ÖZVAROL, I. SALVARINA, A. S. TARKAN und L. VILIZZI. „New Fisheries-related data from the Mediterranean Sea (April 2014)“. Mediterranean Marine Science 15, Nr. 1 (12.04.2014): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.738.
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As part of its policy, Mediterranean Marine Science started from 2014 to publish a new series of collective article with fisheries-related data from the Mediterranean Sea. In this first collective article we present length frequencies and weight-length relationships for the northern brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus in the eastern Mediterranean, length-weight relationships for 10 fish species in the North Aegean Sea, the feeding habits for 11 sparid fishes in the North Aegean Sea, a review of the existing literature on the feeding and reproduction of common carp Cyprinus carpio in Anatolia (Turkey) and mouth dimensions and the relationships between mouth area and length for seven freshwater fishes from Lake Volvi (Northern Greece).
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Nielsen, Einar E., Peter Grønkjær, Dorte Meldrup und Helge Paulsen. „Retention of juveniles within a hybrid zone between North Sea and Baltic Sea Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, Nr. 10 (01.10.2005): 2219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-139.
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Elucidating the relative roles of dispersal and retention of juvenile stages is an important issue for understanding population structure and evolution in marine organisms. We investigated the genetic population structure of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) within the transition zone between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, employing nine microsatellite loci, and compared our data with adult cod data from the same area. Small but statistically significant overall differentiation (Fst = 0.003) was found among juvenile samples. Samples of juveniles grouped genetically with adult samples from the same geographical regions. Individual admixture analysis of a large sample of juveniles taken within the transition zone showed that the patterns of genetic differentiation could not be explained by mixing of pure North Sea and Baltic Sea individuals. Instead, the high number of juveniles with intermediate genotypes was compatible with a scenario of exclusive local (transition zone) origin. The results support the hypothesis that population structure in marine fishes is maintained by the retention of juveniles.
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Agiadi, Konstantina, Efterpi Koskeridou und Danae Thivaiou. „At the crossroads: early Miocene marine fishes of the proto-Mediterranean Sea“. Fossil Record 24, Nr. 2 (26.07.2021): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-233-2021.
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Abstract. Connectivity and climate control fish distribution today as well as in the geological past. We present here the Aquitanian (early Miocene) marine fish of the Mesohellenic Basin, a restricted basin at the border between the proto-Mediterranean and Paratethyan seas. Based on fish otoliths, we were able to identify 19 species from 17 genera, including two new species: Ariosoma mesohellenica and Gnathophis elongatus. This fish assemblage, in conjunction with the accompanying molluscan assemblage, indicates a variable shelf paleoenvironment with easy access to the open ocean. Although available data on the Indo-Pacific fishes of the early Miocene are very limited, the fish fauna of the Mesohellenic Basin has many elements in common with the North Sea, the NE Atlantic, and the Paratethys.
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Gordó-Vilaseca, Cesc, Laurene Pecuchet, Marta Coll, Henning Reiss, Alexander Jüterbock und Mark John Costello. „Over 20% of marine fishes shifting in the North and Barents Seas, but not in the Norwegian Sea“. PeerJ 11 (31.08.2023): e15801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15801.
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Climate warming generally induces poleward range expansions and equatorward range contractions of species’ environmental niches on a global scale. Here, we examined the direction and magnitude of species biomass centroid geographic shifts in relation to temperature and depth for 83 fish species in 9,522 standardised research trawls from the North Sea (1998–2020) to the Norwegian (2000–2020) and Barents Sea (2004–2020). We detected an overall significant northward shift of the marine fish community biomass in the North Sea, and individual species northward shifts in the Barents and North Seas, in 20% and 25% of the species’ biomass centroids in each respective region. We did not detect overall community shifts in the Norwegian Sea, where two species (8%) shifted in each direction (northwards and southwards). Among 9 biological traits, species biogeographic assignation, preferred temperature, age at maturity and maximum depth were significant explanatory variables for species latitudinal shifts in some of the study areas, and Arctic species shifted significantly faster than boreal species in the Barents Sea. Overall, our results suggest a strong influence of other factors, such as biological interactions, in determining several species’ recent geographic shifts.
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Long, D. „The identification of features due to former permafrost in the North Sea“. Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, Nr. 1 (1991): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.32.
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AbstractAnalysis of offshore data at scales varing from macroscopic to kilometric suggest the former presence of permafrost in the North Sea. However due to the nature of marine data, the techniques used in recognizing features due to former permafrost differ from that used on land. The evidence can also occur in forms unique to the marine field. Awareness of the former existence of permafrost in the North Sea will aid geological assessment of offshore site investigations.
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Chacón-Monge, José-Leonardo, Arturo Angulo und Jorge Cortés. „New hosts and morphological data for the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) from collections made in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica“. Revista de Biología Tropical 69, Suppl.2 (06.09.2021): S219—S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.2.48319.
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Introduction: The family Carapidae includes about 40 species of marine fishes distributed in coastal habitats worldwide. The family includes some free-living species, however, most of them are found as commensal inquilines or parasites of marine invertebrates, including several echinoderm species. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific, the biology and host use of the representatives of the Carapidae is relatively poorly known.
Objective: The present study reports the occurrence of the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani within three previously unknown hosts in the region: the sea stars Nidorellia armata, Phataria unifascialis, and the sea cucumber Stichopus horrens. Some ecological implications and considerations regarding such symbiotic relationships are raised and discussed. Additional morphometric and meristic data for the fish and the echinoderms are also provided and discussed.
Methods: Echinoderms were collected, from 25 localities along the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and were carefully examined searching for commensal/parasitic fishes. Echinoderms and fishes were identified and characterized in accordance with the specialized literature.
Results: A total of 497 echinoderms, including about 60 species, were collected and examined. Commensal/parasitic fish (a single species represented by 13 specimens) were found in three echinoderm specimens/species.
Conclusions: The list of echinoderm hosts for this carapid fish, through its whole distribution range, rises to 12 species (six sea stars and six sea cucumbers) and that could be a consequence of its wide geographic distribution, its generalist feeding habits and opportunistic commensal behavior.
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Lefort, Kyle J., Heather L. Major, Alexander L. Bond, Antony W. Diamond, Ian L. Jones, William A. Montevecchi, Jennifer F. Provencher und Gregory J. Robertson. „Long-term stability in the volume of Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) eggs in the western North Atlantic“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 99, Nr. 8 (August 2021): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0254.
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In the eastern North Atlantic, declines in the volume of Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)) eggs have been associated with shifts in the marine ecosystem, such as changes in the abundance of forage fishes and increasing sea-surface temperatures. In the western North Atlantic, where similar shifts in oceanographic conditions and changes in the abundance of forage fishes have presumably occurred, trends in the volume of Atlantic Puffin eggs remain unknown. In this study, we investigate Atlantic Puffin egg volume in the western North Atlantic. We compiled 140 years (1877–2016) of egg volume measurements (n = 1805) and used general additive mixed-effects models to investigate temporal trends and regional variation. Our findings indicate that Atlantic Puffin egg volume differs regionally but has remained unchanged temporally in the western North Atlantic since at least the 1980s.
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Bănaru, Daniela, und Mireille Harmelin-Vivien. „Trophic links and riverine effects on food webs of pelagic fish of the north-western Black Sea“. Marine and Freshwater Research 60, Nr. 6 (2009): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08005.
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Improving the knowledge of trophodynamics in coastal marine ecosystems is important for fisheries management. The present study was designed to assess the influence of Danube River inputs on Romanian coastal marine food webs of the European sprat (Sprattus sprattus), the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) and the horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus). Gut content analyses coupled with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses described food web variations with fish size, season and distance from the Danube delta. Sprats fed on zooplankton, horse mackerel fed on polychaetes and small fish, and anchovies had an intermediate diet. The δ13C and δ15N ratios and mean trophic levels increased from sprats to anchovies and then to horse mackerel. Season strongly influenced the δ15N values of the three fishes, with lower values in spring than in autumn linked to higher Danube inputs into coastal waters in spring during the flooding period. Fish condition was related to diet and environmental factors, with higher conditions recorded in the north area in autumn and in the south area in spring. Danube River inputs influenced the diet, stable isotope ratios and condition of the main commercial pelagic migratory fishes of the north-western Black Sea.
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Neat, Francis, und David Righton. „Warm water occupancy by North Sea cod“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, Nr. 1611 (19.12.2006): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0212.
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The North Sea has warmed in recent years and there is an ongoing debate into how this is affecting the distribution of fishes and other marine organisms. Of particular interest is the commercially important Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.), which has declined sharply in abundance in the North Sea over the past 20 years. Observations of the temperature experienced by 129 individual cod throughout the North Sea were made during a large-scale electronic tagging programme conducted between 1999 and 2005. We asked whether individual cod fully occupied the thermal habitat available to them. To this end, we compared the temperature experience of cod with independently measured contemporaneous sea-bottom temperature data. The majority of cod experienced a warmer fraction of the sea than was potentially available to them. By summer, most of the individuals in the south experienced temperatures considered superoptimal for growth. Cooler waters were within the reach of the cod and a small number of individuals migrated to areas that allowed them to experience lower temperatures, indicating that the cod had the capacity to find cooler water. Most did not, however, suggesting that the changing thermal regime of the North Sea is not yet causing adult cod to move to cooler waters.
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Braeger, Zsuzsanna, und Timo Moritz. „A scale atlas for common Mediterranean teleost fishes“. Vertebrate Zoology 66, Nr. 3 (13.12.2016): 275–386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.66.e31566.
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Regular body scales of 80 species, belonging to 50 families and 16 orders of marine teleost fishes common in the Mediterranean Sea are described using morphological and morphometric characters. The morphological descriptions are based on the scale’s type, shape, features of the anterior, posterior and lateral fields. Further characteristics of the focus, circuli, radii and spines or cteni, if present, are given. Morphometric indices are calculated for scales from the anterior dorsal flank area of each species. As scale shape varies along the body of a given specimen, respective images are provided generally from ten body areas. The current atlas also provides information that complements the characterization of certain taxa. In addition, it is to constitute a valuable instrument for species identification of scales collected from fossiliferous layers, from archaeological sites or from a variety of feeding remains of piscivorous marine predators.
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GEROVASILEIOU, V., C. CHINTIROGLOU, D. VAFIDIS, D. KOUTSOUBAS, M. SINI, T. DAILIANIS, Y. ISSARIS, E. AKRITOPOULOU, D. DIMARCHOPOULOU und E. VOUTSIADOU. „Census of biodiversity in marine caves of the eastern Mediterranean Sea“. Mediterranean Marine Science 16, Nr. 1 (05.03.2015): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1069.
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Scientific information on the biodiversity of marine caves in the eastern Mediterranean is limited, especially when considering the extensively studied caves of the north-western and central Mediterranean. Aiming to enhance current knowledge regarding cave communities, this study represents a first assessment of the marine cave biota of the eastern Mediterranean, as this has been defined by the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Information retrieved from an extensive overview of relevant scientific documents was combined with original data recorded from 23 marine caves of the north-eastern Mediterranean. Our results report a total of 520 taxa recorded in eastern Mediterranean marine caves to date, the majority of which are sponges, polychaetes, rhodophytes, bivalves, fishes, and gastropods. These include several protected, endemic, and alien species. However, not all taxonomic groups have been equally studied among different areas and future studies are expected to raise the number of endemic and alien species. The overall observed trend is that the reported species number is generally related to sampling effort and scientific expertise. The most well-studied marine cave communities of the eastern Mediterranean are those of the Aegean Sea (especially its northern sector), which presented the highest number of species, followed by those of the Levantine. Furthermore, our research in Aegean caves revealed numerous new records for the marine cave fauna of the eastern basin, while several species are reported for the first time in the marine cave habitat. The critical need for further scientific research, monitoring, and conservation of this unique ecosystem was highlighted by (i) the presence of certain species endemic to the eastern Mediterranean coupled with a high proportion of alien species, especially in the Levantine, and (ii) the marine cave habitat availability in isolated insular areas of the eastern Mediterranean.
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Liu, Shang-Yin Vanson, Chia-Hui Wang, Jen-Chieh Shiao und Chang-Feng Dai. „Population connectivity of neon damsel, Pomacentrus coelestis, inferred from otolith microchemistry and mtDNA“. Marine and Freshwater Research 61, Nr. 12 (2010): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10079.
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Understanding dispersal patterns and population connectivity is crucial to the conservation and management of fish assemblages in reef ecosystems. To reveal the population connectivity of reef fishes in the northern West Pacific, we examined the otolith chemistry and the mtDNA control region of Pomacentrus coelestis collected from six localities between Hainan Island (China) and Okinawa (Japan). The results of otolith chemistry analyses on pre-settlement signatures showed that fishes in north-west Taiwan may have a similar origin, whereas those in southern Taiwan might have a separate origin from the South China Sea. Furthermore, the elemental ratios of post-settlement signatures showed clear separation among localities, reflecting their sedentary behaviour after settlement and the influence of local environment. Population genetic analyses revealed that significant genetic differentiation occurred between populations in north-west Taiwan and populations in the South China Sea and the Kuroshio ecosystems. This study demonstrated that otolith chemistry and mtDNA analyses revealed consistent and complementary results of the dispersal and connectivity of P. coelestis populations, and provided evidence supporting that fish populations around Taiwan should be considered as two stocks. Thus, two marine protected area networks should be established for the conservation and management of reef fishes in this area.
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Dulvy, Nicholas K., Simon Jennings, Stuart I. Rogers und David L. Maxwell. „Threat and decline in fishes: an indicator of marine biodiversity“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, Nr. 6 (01.06.2006): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-035.
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Recent policy commitments aim to reduce biodiversity loss and integrate environmental concerns into fisheries management. However, there are few operational indicators for reporting biodiversity trends and judging progress in relation to management objectives. Here we develop a threat indicator based on the population status of a suite of 23 North Sea fishes from 1982 to 2001 estimated using World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List decline criteria. The composite indicator was calculated from the weighted average of the threat scores of individual species in each year and varies from 0 to 3, where a score of 3 is equivalent to each species qualifying as "critically endangered". The proportion of threatened fishes, their degree of threat, and the composite indicator value increased steadily over time. The composite indicator value has been >1 since the late 1990s, equivalent to all species meeting the "vulnerable" criterion. A suitable reference trajectory, consistent with the World Summit on Sustainable Development commitment to "achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss" would be a significant reduction in the rate of increase in this indicator before 2010, a limit reference point could be 1 (all species vulnerable) and a target reference point could be 0 (no threatened species).
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VASILICA, FLORENTINA-AURELIA, CARMEN-ANCA SAFTA und MARIANA PANAITESCU. „EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE PRESENCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE SOIL OF THE NORTH CONSTANTA ZONE“. Journal of Marine Technology and Environment, Nr. 1 (01.04.2024): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.01.2024.10.
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This experimental research engages in an investigation of sediment quality, with a focus on the identification and quantification of hydrocarbons and other contaminants that may adversely affect the health of the marine and terrestrial ecosystem in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this experimental research is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of hydrocarbon pollution and its impact on the marine and terrestrial environment in the Black Sea area.
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McManus, John. „A hydrographic framework for marine conservation in Scotland“. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 100 (1992): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000011040.
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SynopsisOrganisms and sea floor sediments respond to a number of physical and physico-chemical factors, the understanding of which permits identification of areas with typical and potentially aberrant habitats and deposits. After a resumé of the bathymetry of Scottish water tides, tidal current and residual currents stemming from the circulation in the North Atlantic are examined. The salinity and temperature interrelationships in many areas are summarised in open shelf waters, sea lochs and estuaries. Sea floor sediments commonly reflect reworking of glacial deposits coupled with varying indigenous populations of organisms which contribute skeletal debris to the particulate assemblages characterising the bed.
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Chittenden, Cedar M., Per Fauchald und Audun H. Rikardsen. „Important open-ocean areas for northern Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) — as estimated using a simple ambient-temperature approach“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0215.
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Tracking salmon migratory behaviour in the open ocean has been a challenge to researchers. As the marine phase essentially determines the size and survival of individuals and populations, it is arguably the most influential life cycle period for salmon population dynamics. Thus, methods providing an understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of salmon marine migratory behaviour could improve the species' management and conservation. A model was developed that correlated temperature data from archival tags with sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to identify the probable marine feeding areas of a northeastern Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population over 3 years. The marine distribution of the tagged population extended from the Greenland Sea, north to Svalbard, and into the eastern Barents Sea. Higher probability occupancy zones overlapped with the polar front area from September to April during all 3 years. While the migratory behaviour appeared similar between years and seasons, the fish were distributed farther south and west during the autumn of 2007 than during the autumns of 2006 and 2008. This may have been related to warmer summer SSTs and an earlier annual maximum SST. The ambient-temperature approach developed here is a cost-effective way to monitor the open-ocean migratory patterns of surface-oriented marine fishes.
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He, Qingsong, Shuyang Ma, Qinwang Xing, Wenchao Zhang, Haiqing Yu und Zhenjiang Ye. „Nonstationary Responses of Demersal Fishes to Environmental Variations in Temperate Waters of the Northwestern North Pacific under a Changing Climate“. Fishes 6, Nr. 3 (22.07.2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6030022.
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Although nonstationarity in marine ecosystems has attracted great attention, the nonstationary responses of demersal fishes to environmental variations induced by the changing climate are still not well understood. Here, we collected 21 time series of demersal fishes from 1956 to 2015 to investigate the climate-induced nonstationary responses in temperate waters of the northwestern North Pacific (NWP). We showed that these demersal fishes experienced state shifts in approximately 1986/87, accompanied by abrupt warming over this region. Moreover, the relationships between demersal fishes and sea surface temperature (SST) were found to change between the two identified eras (i.e., a weak relationship before 1986 and a strong negative relationship after 1986), which may be primarily caused by the alternating dominance of the East Asian winter monsoon and mega-ENSO on SST in temperate waters of the NWP. The identified climate-induced nonstationary responses of demersal fishes to SST variability in this study may provide implications for understanding climate-induced biological dynamics, predicting demersal fish fluctuations, coping with potential ecological risks, and the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the future climate. Note that the impact of fishing on the demersal fishes in temperate waters of the NWP was not assessed in this study due to the lack of fishing effort data and therefore the conclusions of our research should be approached with caution.
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Schroh, Capt Klaus. „ADVANCED AERIAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF MARINE POLLUTION AND INTERNATIONAL AERIAL SURVEILLANCE COOPERATION IN THE NORTH AND BALTIC SEAS“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, Nr. 1 (01.02.1995): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-21.
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ABSTRACT Marine pollution of the North and the Baltic Seas caused by accidental and illegal operational discharges has sharpened the awareness of states adjoining these waters. Consequently, the member states of the Bonn Agreement1 for the North Sea and the Helsinki Convention2 for the Baltic Sea have agreed to cooperate closely to develop remote-sensing techniques to improve the detection of oil pollution and the identification of polluters, and to develop reliable methods to estimate the total level of oil pollution at sea. In the ministerial declaration of the Third International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (1990) and according to a recommendation of the Helsinki Commission, the member states are invited to develop and improve the existing remote-sensing techniques for effective evaluation of spills, even at night and under bad weather conditions. With the integration of a laser fluorosensor (LFS) and a microwave radiometer (MWR) in its existing sensor system (SLAR, IR/UV scanner, single frequency MWR), Germany has widened the detection and identification by enabling classification of discharged oil and the detection of released chemicals with fluorescent properties. Apart from this technical progress, the international cooperation between the North Sea and Baltic Sea states is a further step to deter potential polluters and to improve the prosecution of suspected offenders and to assist oil recovery operations at sea through permanent aerial guidance.
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Capobianco, Alessio, Hermione T. Beckett, Etienne Steurbaut, Philip D. Gingerich, Giorgio Carnevale und Matt Friedman. „Large-bodied sabre-toothed anchovies reveal unanticipated ecological diversity in early Palaeogene teleosts“. Royal Society Open Science 7, Nr. 5 (Mai 2020): 192260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192260.
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Many modern groups of marine fishes first appear in the fossil record during the early Palaeogene (66–40 Ma), including iconic predatory lineages of spiny-rayed fishes that appear to have originated in response to ecological roles left empty after the Cretaceous/Palaeogene extinction. The hypothesis of extinction-mediated ecological release likewise predicts that other fish groups have adopted novel predatory ecologies. Here, we report remarkable trophic innovation in early Palaeogene clupeiforms (herrings and allies), a group whose modern representatives are generally small-bodied planktivores. Two forms, the early Eocene (Ypresian) † Clupeopsis from Belgium and a new genus from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Pakistan, bear conspicuous features indicative of predatory ecology, including large size, long gapes and caniniform dentition. Most remarkable is the presence of a single, massive vomerine fang offset from the midline in both. Numerous features of the neurocranium, suspensorium and branchial skeleton place these taxa on the engraulid (anchovy) stem as the earliest known representatives of the clade. The identification of large-bodied, piscivorous anchovies contributes to an emerging picture of a phylogenetically diverse guild of predatory ray-finned fishes in early Palaeogene marine settings, which include completely extinct lineages alongside members of modern marine groups and taxa that are today restricted to freshwater or deep-sea environments.
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Chernova, N. V. „Overview of the fish fauna of the Chaunskaya basin – the area of the natural reserve "Chaunskaya Guba" and the port of Pevek (East Siberian Arctic)“. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 326, Nr. 1 (25.03.2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.1.30.
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The fishes of the Chaunskaya Bay and its Basin have been little studied. Part of the coast of this vast Arctic estuary (about 9 thousand km2) is included in the state nature reserve “Chaunskaya Guba”; at the entrance to the bay there is the seaport of Pevek, a transit hub of the Northern Sea Route. The area has been identified as one of the priorities for the protection of biodiversity in the seas of the Russian Arctic. Solving the problem of biota conservation begins with an inventory of the fauna. The paper presents the results of summarizing data on the species composition of marine, anadromous and freshwater fishes in the Chaunskaya Bay and its basin. The updated list includes 36 species of 28 genera, 16 families and 10 orders. In marine waters there are 31 species (18 marine, 13 anadromous and semi-anadromous fish), in rivers and lakes there are 5 freshwater (and 13 anadromous and semi-anadromous) species. The Muksun Coregonus muksun (Pallas, 1814) and the pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758, which were absent in the fauna lists, are added. The lamprey Lethenteron kessleri (Anikin, 1905), the Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847, and the Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758), which were previously recorded, are not confirmed by reliable findings. The marine fish community of the Chaunskaya Bay is an impoverished shelf fauna of the East Siberian Sea and includes species adapted to desalination. The freshwater ichthyofauna of the basin differs from the fauna of the neighboring Kolyma River region in the loss of a number of freshwater species, which are believed to have been extinct because of the Holocene cooling. A significant part of the fish complex consists of elements of the North Pacific fauna that spread to the East Siberian Sea in the postglacial period.
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Thayer, Julie A., Douglas F. Bertram, Scott A. Hatch, Mark J. Hipfner, Leslie Slater, William J. Sydeman und Yutaka Watanuki. „Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, Nr. 8 (August 2008): 1610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-076.
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We tested the hypothesis of synchronous interannual changes in forage fish dynamics around the North Pacific Rim. To do this, we sampled forage fish communities using a seabird predator, the rhinoceros auklet ( Cerorhinca monocerata ), at six coastal study sites from Japan to California. We investigated whether take of forage fishes was related to local marine conditions as indexed by sea surface temperature (SST). SST was concordant across sites in the eastern Pacific, but inversely correlated between east and west. Forage fish communities consisted of anchovy ( Engraulis spp.), sandlance ( Ammodytes spp.), capelin ( Mallotus spp.), and juvenile rockfish ( Sebastes spp.), among others, and take of forage fish varied in response to interannual and possibly lower-frequency oceanographic variability. Take of primary forage species were significantly related to changes in SST only at the eastern sites. We found synchrony in interannual variation of primary forage fishes across several regions in the eastern Pacific, but no significant east–west correlations. Specifically in the Japan Sea, factors other than local SST or interannual variability may more strongly influence forage fishes. Predator diet sampling offers a fishery-independent, large-scale perspective on forage fish dynamics that may be difficult to obtain using conventional means of study.
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Pauly, Daniel, und Çetin Keskin. „Temperature constraints shaped the migration routes of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the Black Sea“. Acta Adriatica 58, Nr. 2 (22.12.2017): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.58.2.12.
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Conventional narratives explain fish migrations in term of requirements (food, mates, habitats, etc.), with adequate temperatures being optional. Here, using the example of a (commercially extinct) stock of Black Sea mackerel (Scomber scombrus), we suggest that seasonal migrations are driven by seasonal temperature cycles. Therein, temperature acts as a constraint determining where the fish can be at any given time, and not a one of several factors which they would consider when choosing between alternative migration routes. Generalizing, we suggest that temperature should generally be an explicit part of hypotheses about the migratory behaviours of marine fishes. For illustration of what may occur when this is not the case, it is suggested that the non-consideration of temperature in a model of North Atlantic mackerel migration may have led, among the researchers concerned, to a sense of complacency with respect to the climate change-induced changes in the phenology of this fish in the North Atlantic, whose distribution and migration are misleadingly seen as “stochastic”.
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Pangkey, Henneke, Joice R. S. T. L. Rimper und Kurniati Kemer. „Alkaline proteinase in muscle of commercial fishes“. AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 1, Nr. 1 (30.04.2013): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jasm.1.1.2013.1974.
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Sea products are valuable resources of natural substances such as lipids, polysaccharides, enzymes, vitamins, and proteins. Fish proteases have been characterized and some purified. Many of these enzymes display potentially interesting new biochemical properties for biotechnological applications. In this research, we have found activity of some proteases (alkaline proteinase, cathepsin S and cathepsin D) in muscle tissues of marine tropical commercial fish species in North Sulawesi (i.e. Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Caranx ferdau, Lutjanus malabricus, and Katsuwonus pelamis). All of these fish are economical species with low prices that are highly consumed by local people©Produk yang berasal dari laut merupakan sumberdaya yang kaya akan bahan-bahan alamiah seperti lipida, polisakarida, enzim, vitamin dan protein. Beberapa enzim protease pada ikan telah diidentifikasi dan dimurnikan. Banyak dari enzim ini menunjukkan potensi yang penting sebagai bahan biokimia yang baru. Pada penelitian ini, kami menemukan beberapa jenis protease (alkalin proteinase, katepsin S dan katepsin D) yang aktif pada otot dari beberapa jenis ikan laut tropis yang komersil di Sulawesi Utara (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Caranx ferdau, Lutjanus malabricus, and Katsuwonus pelamis). Ikan-ikan ini sangat bernilai ekonomis dan sangat digemari oleh masyarakat lokal©
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Kijewska, Agnieszka, Artur Burzyński und Roman Wenne. „Molecular identification of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and its hybrids with European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, Nr. 5 (23.04.2009): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp110.
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AbstractKijewska, A., Burzyński, A., and Wenne, R. 2009. Molecular identification of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and its hybrids with European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 902–906. European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) are commercially important marine fish species inhabiting the continental shelf waters of Europe. Morphological similarity between the two makes it difficult to identify their hybrids, so species misclassification can generate errors in defining stocks in terms of their conservation and management. Flounder and plaice populations from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were studied. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to confirm the morphological species identification. The set of molecular markers, two mitochondrial (cytochrome b and D-loop) and two nuclear (the ribosomal marker ITS and parathyroid hormone-related protein gene), was constructed to identify the two flatfish species and their hybrids. “Pure” flounder (P. flesus) were observed in the Bay of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea, and off the coast of Denmark in the North Sea. The fishing area near Bornholm in the Baltic is rich in P. flesus × P. platessa hybrids. The length difference of the amplified D-loop fragment was used for species identification. The characteristics of heteroplasmy in the control region (D-loop) can be useful as a population marker in the European flounder. Our studies demonstrate the utility of mtDNA polymorphism combined with nuclear molecular markers for correct identification of the morphologically similar and hybridized European flounder and plaice.
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Čekovská, Katarína, Radek Šanda, Kristýna Eliášová, Marcelo Kovačić, Stamatis Zogaris, Anna Maria Pappalardo, Tereza Soukupová und Jasna Vukić. „Population Genetic Diversity of Two Marine Gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) from the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, Nr. 10 (13.10.2020): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100792.
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Gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) are the most species-rich family of fishes in general, and the most abundant fish group in the European seas. Nonetheless, our knowledge on many aspects of their biology, including the population genetic diversity, is poor. Although barriers to gene flow are less apparent in the marine environment, the ocean is not a continuous habitat, as has been shown by studies on population genetics of various marine biota. For the first time, European marine goby species which cannot be collected by common fishery techniques were studied. The population genetic structure of two epibenthic species, Gobius geniporus and Gobius cruentatus, from seven localities across their distribution ranges was assessed, using one mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and one nuclear gene (first intron of ribosomal protein gene S7). Our results showed that there is a great diversity of haplotypes of mitochondrial gene cytochrome b in both species at all localities. Global fixation indices (FST) indicated a great differentiation of populations in both studied gobies. Our results did not show a geographic subdivision to individual populations. Instead, the data correspond with the model of migration which allow divergence and recurrent migration from the ancestral population. The estimated migration routes coincide with the main currents in the studied area. This matches well the biology of the studied species, with adults exhibiting only short-distance movements and planktonic larval stages.
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BÁEZ, JOSÉ CARLOS, CRISTINA RODRÍGUEZ-CABELLO, RAFAEL BAÑÓN, ALBERTO BRITO, JESÚS M. FALCÓN, TOÑO MAÑO, JORGE BARO et al. „Updating the national checklist of marine fishes in Spanish waters: An approach to priority hotspots and lessons for conservation“. Mediterranean Marine Science 20, Nr. 2 (12.04.2019): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.18626.
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In response to a request from the Spanish Ministry of Farming, Fishing, Food, and Environment (Spanish: Agricultura, Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente) in 2015, a fish expert group was formed to provide a reference list of marine fish species according to five regions (marine demarcations) established by Spanish Law 41/2010 on the protection of the marine environment. The objective of this article was to update and analyse the data compiled in the marine fish species checklist in order to: 1) provide a complete list of marine fish species in the Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone; 2) compare this checklist between bio-geographical areas; and 3) identify possible priority hotspots for their conservation. We applied several indices, such as the total number of species in each area, species richness, and the Biodiversity Conservation Concern index. We discuss gaps in knowledge and the lessons learned for conservation purposes. A total of 1075 marine fishes were reported in Spanish waters. Most of these fish were well determined, whereas a few were treated as uncertain. The marine demarcation with the most species is the Canary Islands with 795 species, followed by the Spanish north coast demarcation with 506 species. However, the marine demarcations with the most species per area are the Spanish coast of the Gulf of Cádiz and the Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran Sea.
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Tsygankov, Vasily Yu, Margarita D. Boyarova, Olga N. Lukyanova und Nadezhda K. Khristoforova. „Hexachlorocyclohexane and DDT in marine organisms from the Bering and the Okhotsk Seas“. Izvestiya TINRO 176, Nr. 1 (30.03.2014): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2014-176-5-10.
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Organochlorine pesticides (HCHs and DDT) are harmful and toxic substances affected biota. HCHs and DDT are still used as pesticides in the Southern Hemisphere and from there can reach the North Pacific due to atmospheric transfer. Isomers of HCH and DDT and their metabolites were detected in organs of some marine mammals ( Eschrichtius robustus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens ) from the Bering Sea; the maximum concentration was found in the walrus liver (90263 ng/g lipids). To trace these pollutants spreading in the Okhotsk Sea, the seabirds (Pacific gull Larus schistisagus, crested auklet Aethia cristatella, auklet crumb Aethia pusilla, northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis, and grey petrel Oceanodroma furcata ) and fishes (pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbusсha and chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta ) were sampled; the pesticides concentration in the birds tissues ranges from 29 ng/g lipids in plume of the fulmar to 16095 ng/g lipids in plume and skin of the auklet and in the salmons tissues - from 220-330 ng/g lipids for the pink salmon to 550-790 ng/g lipids for the chum salmon (both fish species were caught at Kuril Islands).
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Zhang, Luping, Xiaojie Du, Ruiyong An, Liang Li und Robin B. Gasser. „Identification and genetic characterization ofAnisakislarvae from marine fishes in the South China Sea using an electrophoretic-guided approach“. ELECTROPHORESIS 34, Nr. 6 (März 2013): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201200493.
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Papenmeier, Svenja, Alexander Darr, Peter Feldens und Rune Michaelis. „Hydroacoustic Mapping of Geogenic Hard Substrates: Challenges and Review of German Approaches“. Geosciences 10, Nr. 3 (09.03.2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10030100.
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Subtidal hard substrate habitats are unique habitats in the marine environment. They provide crucial ecosystem services that are socially relevant, such as water clearance or as nursery space for fishes. With increasing marine usage and changing environmental conditions, pressure on reefs is increasing. All relevant directives and conventions around Europe include sublittoral hard substrate habitats in any manner. However, detailed specifications and specific advices about acquisition or delineation of these habitats are internationally rare although the demand for single object detection for e.g., ensuring safe navigation or to understand ecosystem functioning is increasing. To figure out the needs for area wide hard substrate mapping supported by automatic detection routines this paper reviews existing delineation rules and definitions relevant for hard substrate mapping. We focus on progress reached in German approval process resulting in first hydroacoustic mapping advices. In detail, we summarize present knowledge of hard substrate occurrence in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea, describes the development of hard substrate investigations and state of the art mapping techniques as well as automated analysis routines.
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Lusk, Stanislav, Bohumír Lojkásek, Lubomír Hanel, Věra Lusková und Petr Hartvich. „The current threat level of fish in river network of individual sea-drainage areas in the Czech Republic“. Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 64, Nr. 3 (01.12.2015): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2015-0032.
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AbstractThe assessment of changes in the population spread of individual ichthyofauna species (lampreys and fishes) as well as the identification of unfavourable impacts is the necessary prerequisite for the correct selection of corrective measures. The river network in the Czech Republic belongs to the three sea-drainage areas (North Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea). The species composition of the original ichthyofauna and the extent of the threat to some species differs in the individual sea-drainage areas. The original ichthyofauna in the Czech Republic consists of 4 lamprey species and 55 fish species. Out of this, only one lamprey species and 31 fish species originate in all three sea-drainage areas. There are 37 fish species considered as the original ones in the North Sea drainage area, there of 4 species are EX, 1 species EW, and 11 species (29.7%) are threatened. In the Baltic Sea drainage area, there are 4 species EX, 1 species EW, and 8 species (22.8%) threatened out of the total 35 assessed species. Out of 49 species in the Black Sea drainage area, there are 4 species EX and 23 species (46.9 %) threatened.The most important reasons considered as the causes of the disappearance or reduction in the presence of some fishes are the water pollution, adjustments to water flow beds, the limitation of floods in alluvial areas, the permanent river basin fragmentation, and the spread of invasive species. Out of these factors, the only positive change has been noticed in the pronounced decrease in water flow pollution after 1990. Angling is also considered as the set of targeted bio manipulation which purposefully and often one-sidedly influences fish populations for the benefit of species being interesting for the angling sport.
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Musayeva, Zh K., E. K. Musayev, S. E. Koibakova und S. Syrlybekkyzy. „USE OF MODERN METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAINING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF THE CASPIAN SEA“. REPORTS 6, Nr. 334 (15.12.2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.141.
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Currently, the problem of the negative impact of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Caspian Sea has become catastrophic. Intensive pollution of marine waters by oil and oil products, from production, transportation and storage of hydrocarbons leads to the oppression of the sea ecosystem. Mechanical and physico-chemical methods for cleaning the marine environment are characterized by low efficiency, secondary pollution and high cost. The most promising is the use of microbiological methods for cleaning waters from oil pollution. In the article presents the results of the identification of reactive oxidizing bacteria isolated from the marine environment of the Caspian Sea, for further use in new biopreparation from oil pollutions. From the sea water in bulk berths Aktau sea port and the port of Bautino (North Caspian) allocated 27 hydrocarbon isolates of microorganisms having the ability to oil degradation of these strains selected the 4 most active cultures, which were identified as Bacillus cereus (2 strains), strain Bacillus sr.13 and Acinetobacter sr.10. Article is written by results of the scientific project of grant financing of Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Activization of the self-clearing ability of sea water of the Caspian Sea from oil products". Article is issued thanks to the international project Tempus of IV IEMAST of "Establishing Modern Master-level Studies in Industrial Ecology".
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Abdillah, Taufik, Christian Novia N. Handayani und Dirga Daniel. „SPATIAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION OF IDEAL AREAS CONSERVATION LOCATION IN TUAL CITY, MALUKU PROVINCE“. Coastal and Ocean Journal (COJ) 1, Nr. 2 (21.11.2017): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/coj.1.2.127-134.
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Tual City is the one of eleven districts / cities in Maluku Province. The city includes an archipelago town, has 66 islands divided into 3 island clusters, covering the cluster of Kur islands, Tayando Tam and Dullah. The sea area reaches 19,088 Km2, while the land area is 254.39 km2. The size of the sea in this area indicates the high utilization potential of both fisheries and tourism sector. Based on these, needed resources management the coastal and marine resources effectively, one of them by developing conservation area in coastal area and small islands. Tual City took the initiative to allocate part of its area to be reserved as a marine conservation area. The target of the formation of urban water conservation area Tual is the protection of important marine habitats consisting of coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove, sea turtle nesting beaches and connectivity larvae. This study was conducted to obtain potential locations of marine conservation areas that have high conservation value. Analysis of spatial data using Marxan analysis. This analysis was chosen because it provides the best solution for determining locations that have high conservation value. The results of the study indicate that the area of selected high frequency locations is 125,000 hectares, while 40,000 hectares and 64,000 hectares low. Selected high-frequency locations are in the cluster of Kur islands, Tayando Tam and in the waters north of Mas Island and Bair. Based on this study, the cluster of Kur and Tayando Tam islands become the recommended sites requiring the management of marine conservation areas as they are representative of all conservation targets.
Keywords
Marine Protected Area, Marxan, and Tual City
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Więcaszek, Beata, Remigiusz Panicz, Piotr Eljasik, Adam Tański und Amin Bushra. „Molecular and biological studies of nonindigenous and extremely rare fish species from the western Baltic reported from the Pomeranian Bay (southwest Baltic Proper)“. Folia Biologica 71, Nr. 4 (29.12.2023): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-4.18.
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W ięcaszek B., P anicz R., E ljasik P., Tański A., B ushra A. 2023. Molecular and biological studies of nonindigenous and extremely rare fish species from the western Baltic reported from the Pomeranian Bay (southwest Baltic Proper). Folia Biologica (Kraków) 71: 181-194. Water inflows from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea are recognized as a significant factor influencing the diversity of fish species in the region. In this report, we present findings on three newly discovered fish species (Solea solea, Merluccius merluccius, and Limanda limanda) and the presence of species that were previously seldom observed in the Pomeranian Bay and the associated oligohaline waters of Szczecin Lagoon. These fishes were incidentally captured during monitoring surveys of commercially important fish species. Species identification relied on partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (cytb), and rhodopsin (rho) genes, as well as morphometric diagnostic characteristics. Upon comparing the obtained sequences with GenBank records, it was revealed that the sequences for Merluccius merluccius (rho, GenBank acc. no. OM737733) and Chelidonichthys lucerna (cytb, GenBank acc. no. OM737734) constitute new DNA barcodes. The majority of sequences obtained in our study matched those available in GenBank for fishes inhabiting the North Sea, suggesting spatial and temporal linkages between the two seas. The remaining sequences exhibited similarity to data from the Cantabrian Sea, the coasts of France, and the Norwegian Sea. The study results, in conjunction with information on the inflows of saline waters and data from previous studies on reported fish occurrences, indicate that the bycatch species could serve as potential bioindicators of environmental changes in the study area.
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NABIL, WILDAN AHMAD, IMROATUL HABIBAH, ARYOCHEPRIDHO ARYOCHEPRIDHO und TRIJOKO TRIJOKO. „Short Communication: Caught fish species diversity of South Morotai, North Maluku, Indonesia“. Indo Pacific Journal of Ocean Life 2, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o020105.
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Nabil WA, Habibah I, Aryochepridho, Trijoko. 2018. Caught fish species diversity of South Morotai, North Maluku, Indonesia. Ocean Life 2: 33-36. South Morotai is a part of Morotai Island, an archipelago in eastern Indonesia with high fisheries potential such as fish, sea cucumbers, crabs, shrimp, and algae. Research on fish diversity in South Morotai is needed because there is no sufficient data and information about the potential of Morotai Island marine fisheries. The goal of this research was to collect data on fish species in Morotai, especially South Morotai. This research was conducted by surveys of fish caught by local fishermen in July 2017. Results showed that there were 23 species of fishes belonging to 14 families, with the highest diversity belonging to the Scaridae family (4 species). Serranidae and Acanthuridae each had 3 species identified. Balistidae and Labridae each had 2 species identified. One species was identified from each family of Rachycentridae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Sphyraenidae, and Mullidae.
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DYLDIN, YURY V., RONALD FRICKE, LUBOMIR HANEL, DANIL S. VOROBIEV, ELENA A. INTERESOVA, VLADIMIR I. ROMANOV und ALEXEI M. ORLOV. „Freshwater and brackish water fishes of Sakhalin Island (Russia) in inland and coastal waters: an annotated checklist with taxonomic comments“. Zootaxa 5065, Nr. 1 (08.11.2021): 1–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5065.1.1.
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Based on a critical analysis of scientific publications for the last 200 years and on the collected specimens, a complete annotated list of both typical freshwater ichthyofauna of Sakhalin Island, with the inclusion of marine species that can be found in brackish coastal waters, is reported for the first time. The annotated list includes 226 species classified in three classes, 26 orders, 68 families, 29 subfamilies, and 148 genera. For 160 species, information is provided on collection samples deposited in various museums around the world, 36 of which are type specimens. For each species, conservation status (according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red Book of the Sakhalin region), zoogeographic characteristics (distribution within Sakhalin Island and globally), abundance and commercial value are given. For a number of species, more detailed information on synonymy and nomenclature is provided. The study area is located in the western North Pacific and includes the entire coast of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk and the northern Sea of Japan, as well as the adjacent Sea of Okhotsk coast of northern Hokkaido, Japan.
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Gilbey, John, Jamie Coughlan, Vidar Wennevik, Paulo Prodöhl, Jamie R. Stevens, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz, Dennis Ensing et al. „A microsatellite baseline for genetic stock identification of European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, Nr. 2 (23.09.2017): 662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx184.
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Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations from different river origins mix in the North Atlantic during the marine life stage. To facilitate marine stock identification, we developed a genetic baseline covering the European component of the species’ range excluding the Baltic Sea, from the Russian River Megra in the north-east, the Icelandic Ellidaar in the west, and the Spanish Ulla in the south, spanning 3737 km North to South and 2717 km East to West. The baseline encompasses data for 14 microsatellites for 26 822 individual fish from 13 countries, 282 rivers, and 467 sampling sites. A hierarchy of regional genetic assignment units was defined using a combination of distance-based and Bayesian clustering. At the top level, three assignment units were identified comprising northern, southern, and Icelandic regions. A second assignment level was also defined, comprising eighteen and twenty-nine regional units for accurate individual assignment and mixed stock estimates respectively. The baseline provides the most comprehensive geographical coverage for an Atlantic salmon genetic data-set, and a unique resource for the conservation and management of the species in Europe. It is freely available to researchers to facilitate identification of the natal origin of European salmon.
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Kidov, Artem A., Kseniya A. Matushkina und Spartak N. Litvinchuk. „Distribution and Conservation Status of the Eichwald’s Toad, Bufo eichwaldi in Azerbaijan“. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27, Nr. 1 (21.03.2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2020-27-1-11-18.
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Distribution of Bufo eichwaldi in Azerbaijan was analyzed with the modeling application in Maxent. Based on 36 localities of the species, we developed a species distribution model for identification of suitable habitats. Two variables (annual precipitation and environmental habitat heterogeneity) accounted for 70% of the predicted range. The range of the species is limited in the East by a coast of the Caspian Sea, in the North and the West by dray steppes. In the South, the range crosses the state boundary and extends into northwestern Iran. All localities of this species are ranged from -26 m to 1000 m above sea level. The following main factors infuse the decline of B. eichwaldi populations: introduction of fishes and raccoons, destruction and contamination of suitable breeding ponds, and deforestation.
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Nash, Richard D. M., Peter J. Wright, Iveta Matejusova, Stefan Petev Dimitrov, Martha O'Sullivan, Julian Augley und Hannes Höffle. „Spawning location of Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson) in the North Sea“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, Nr. 8 (01.09.2012): 1338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss130.
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Abstract Nash, R. D. M., Wright, P. J., Matejusova, I., Dimitrov, S. P., O'Sullivan, M., Augley, J., and Höffle, H. 2012. Spawning location of Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson) in the North Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . The northern region of the North Sea (56–62°N) was sampled in February/March 2009 for eggs and in May 2010 for larvae. To aid in the identification of Norway pout stage I eggs and distinguish them from other ‘cod-like’ eggs, a Taq-Man probe was designed for this species and used here. Stage I Norway pout egg diameters collected from the field were in the range 1.03–1.28 mm and largely overlapped with the size range determined for whiting (Merlangius merlangus). The distribution of Norway pout stage I eggs in 2009 revealed the distribution of spawning in the North Sea and showed that it was similar to the distribution of 2 + Norway pout taken during the International Bottom Trawl Surveys (IBTS) over the same period covering the whole North Sea. The larvae sampled in 2010 were largely in the same area; however, larger larvae occurred to the south-east of the survey area, suggesting advection of young stages from the principal spawning areas in the north-western North Sea to the south-east and toward the Skagerrak.
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Benkens, Andreas, Claudia Buchholz, Bernadette Pogoda und Carsten Georg Harms. „Direct multiplex PCR-NALFIA to inform marine conservation: Use of an innovative diagnostic tool for the detection of Ostrea edulis larvae“. Aquatic Living Resources 34 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2021023.
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The European oyster Ostrea edulis played a key role in the North Sea by providing several ecosystem functions and services. Today, O. edulis is classified as severely degraded or functionally extinct in Europe. Marine conservation is focusing on biogenic reef restoration, namely the restoration of O. edulis in Natura 2000 sites of the North Sea. The identification of oyster larvae related to natural spatfalls of restored reefs and monitoring of larval drift is a key aspect of marine protected area management. Morphological identification and distinction from other abundant bivalve larvae using microscopy is difficult. Existing molecular biological methods are expensive and bound to stationary laboratory equipment, or are inadequate in the visualization. In this study, we identified nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA), a well-established tool in human pathogen diagnostics, as an efficient approach for point-of-care (POC) testing in marine monitoring. Based on the genetic sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b of O. edulis, forward and reverse primers were developed. The reverse primer was labelled with fluorescent dye FITC, forward primer with biotin. Reaction on the lateral flow stripe could be realized with a single O. edulis larva in direct PCR with multiplex primers in a portable PCR-cycler. The established NALFIA system can distinguish O. edulis larvae from Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis larvae, respectively. This method offers new approaches in POC testing in marine research and monitoring. It gives quick and clear results, is inexpensive, and could be easily adapted to other species of interest.
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Copmans, Daniëlle, Sara Kildgaard, Silas A. Rasmussen, Monika Ślęzak, Nina Dirkx, Michèle Partoens, Camila V. Esguerra, Alexander D. Crawford, Thomas O. Larsen und Peter A. M. de Witte. „Zebrafish-Based Discovery of Antiseizure Compounds from the North Sea: Isoquinoline Alkaloids TMC-120A and TMC-120B“. Marine Drugs 17, Nr. 11 (25.10.2019): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110607.
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There is a high need for the development of new and improved antiseizure drugs (ASDs) to treat epilepsy. Despite the potential of marine natural products (MNPs), the EU marine biodiscovery consortium PharmaSea has made the only effort to date to perform ASD discovery based on large-scale screening of MNPs. To this end, the embryonic zebrafish photomotor response assay and the larval zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model were used to screen MNP extracts for neuroactivity and antiseizure activity, respectively. Here we report the identification of the two known isoquinoline alkaloids TMC-120A and TMC-120B as novel antiseizure compounds, which were isolated by bioactivity-guided purification from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus insuetus. TMC-120A and TMC-120B were observed to significantly lower PTZ-induced seizures and epileptiform brain activity in the larval zebrafish PTZ seizure model. In addition, their structural analogues TMC-120C, penicisochroman G, and ustusorane B were isolated and also significantly lowered PTZ-induced seizures. Finally, TMC-120A and TMC-120B were investigated in a mouse model of drug-resistant focal seizures. Compound treatment significantly shortened the seizure duration, thereby confirming their antiseizure activity. These data underscore the possibility to translate findings in zebrafish to mice in the field of epilepsy and the potential of the marine environment for ASD discovery.
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As’ari, A. H., T. R. Mulyaningsih und S. Yusuf. „Comparative study of mineral element content in fishes from the south and north seas of java island using neutron activation analysis“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2193, Nr. 1 (01.02.2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012031.
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Abstract Fish is an environmental bioindicator and a contributor to the daily intake of mineral elements. The content of mineral elements in fish is influenced by what it eats and its environment. Moreover, based on location, around the north coast of Java there are denser residential and industrial areas compared to around the south coast of Java. In this study, we analyzed the mineral content of fish of the same species originating from the southern and northern seas of Java using neutron activation analysis. Fish samples of the same 11 species were each collected from fish auctions in Pemalang and Garut districts. The samples were washed, and then the meat was taken and dried by the freeze-drying method. The samples were irradiated in the G.A. Siwabessy multi-purpose reactor through the rabbit system then counted using gamma spectrometry. The results obtained as many as 17 mineral elements in fish: Na, K, Mg, Cl, Ca, Br, Fe, Zn, Sr, Al, Cr, Se, Rb, Mn, Co, Hg, and Cs. Statistical test results show that there are various differences (positive covariance on 14 elements, negative covariance on 3 elements) for each element between fish from the South Java Sea and North Sea, which indicates that marine environmental conditions have contributed significantly to changes in mineral content on fish.
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Int-Veen, Ivo, Pedro Nogueira, Jason Isigkeit, Reinhold Hanel und Ulrike Kammann. „Positively buoyant but sinking: Polymer identification and composition of marine litter at the seafloor of the North Sea and Baltic Sea“. Marine Pollution Bulletin 172 (November 2021): 112876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112876.
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Afargan-Gerstman, Hilla, Iuliia Polkova, Lukas Papritz, Paolo Ruggieri, Martin P. King, Panos J. Athanasiadis, Johanna Baehr und Daniela I. V. Domeisen. „Stratospheric influence on North Atlantic marine cold air outbreaks following sudden stratospheric warming events“. Weather and Climate Dynamics 1, Nr. 2 (17.10.2020): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-541-2020.
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Abstract. Marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the northeastern North Atlantic occur due to the advection of extremely cold air over an ice-free ocean. MCAOs are associated with a range of severe weather phenomena, such as polar lows, strong surface winds and intense cooling of the ocean surface. Given these extreme impacts, the identification of precursors of MCAOs is crucial for improved long-range prediction of associated impacts on Arctic infrastructure and human lives. MCAO frequency has been linked to the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex, but the study of connections to the occurrence of extreme stratospheric events, known as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), has been limited to cold extremes over land. Here, the influence of SSW events on MCAOs over the North Atlantic ocean is studied using reanalysis datasets. Overall, SSW events are found to be associated with more frequent MCAOs in the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea compared to climatology and less frequent MCAOs in the Labrador Sea. In particular, SSW events project onto an anomalous dipole pattern of geopotential height 500 hPa, which consists of a ridge anomaly over Greenland and a trough anomaly over Scandinavia. By affecting the variability of the large-scale circulation patterns in the North Atlantic, SSW events contribute to the strong northerly flow over the Barents and Norwegian seas and thereby increase the likelihood of MCAOs in these regions. In contrast, the positive geopotential height anomaly over Greenland reduces the probability of MCAOs in the Labrador Sea after SSW events. As SSW events tend to have a long-term influence on surface weather, these results are expected to benefit the predictability of MCAOs in the Nordic Seas for winters with SSW events.
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Rizzo, Angela, Vittoria Vandelli, George Buhagiar, Anton S. Micallef und Mauro Soldati. „Coastal Vulnerability Assessment along the North-Eastern Sector of Gozo Island (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)“. Water 12, Nr. 5 (15.05.2020): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051405.
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The coastal landscape of the Maltese Islands is the result of long-term evolution, influenced by tectonics, geomorphological processes, and sea level oscillations. Due to their geological setting, the islands are particularly prone to marine-related and gravity-induced processes, exacerbated by climate change. This study aligns different concepts into a relatively concise and expedient methodology for overall coastal vulnerability assessment, taking the NE sector of Gozo Island as a test case. Geomorphological investigation, integrated with analysis of marine geophysical data, enabled characterization of coastal dynamics, identifying this stretch of coast as being potentially hazardous. The study area features a high economic value derived from tourist and mining activities and natural protected areas, that altogether not only make coastal vulnerability a major concern but also the task of assessing it complex. Before introducing the methodology proposed for overall vulnerability assessment, an in-depth revision of the vulnerability concept is provided. The evaluation was carried out by using a set of key indicators related to local land use, anthropic and natural assets, economic activities, and social issues. Results show that the most critical areas are located east of Marsalforn including Ramla Bay, an important tourist attraction hosting the largest sandy beach in Gozo. The method combines physical exposure and social vulnerability into an overall index. It proves to be cost effective in data management and processing and is suitable for the identification and assessment of overall vulnerability of coastal areas to consequences of climate- and marine-related processes, such as coastal erosion, landslides and sea level rise.
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Morick, Danny, Yuval Maron, Nadav Davidovich, Ziv Zemah-Shamir, Yaarit Nachum-Biala, Peleg Itay, Natascha Wosnick, Dan Tchernov und Shimon Harrus. „Molecular Identification of Photobacterium damselae in Wild Marine Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea“. Fishes 8, Nr. 2 (18.01.2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020060.
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Infectious diseases caused by marine bacterial pathogens inflict increasing economic losses to fisheries and aquaculture, while also posing a growing risk to public health and affected species conservation. In this study, four wild marine fish species were collected at five fishing sites in Israel, divided into two regions—north (Acre, Haifa, Shefayim) and center-south (Tel-Aviv and Ashdod), and screened for Photobacterium damselae. An initial screening was carried out using PCR analysis with specifically designed primers on DNA extracted from livers and kidneys. P. damselae-positive samples had their 16S rRNA amplicons sequenced. Later, an attempt to specify relevant sub-species was performed, using a three-layered gene screen: Car, ureC and toxR. Of 334 fish samples, 47 (14%) were found to be P. damselae-positive, of which 20 were identified as P. damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), two as P. damselae subsp. damselae (Phdd) and 25 could not be identified to subspecies. Our results strengthen the view that fish residing in a polluted environment are receptive of pathogenic microorganisms. To assess how the presence of pathogens may affect population management and conservation, this research should be followed by studies aimed at: (i) quantifying levels of pollutants that may affect pathogen emergence, and (ii) creating a standard pollution-level index as a basis for setting criteria, above which authorities should take measures of precaution.
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Gaffney, Vincent, Simon Fitch, Martin Bates, Roselyn L. Ware, Tim Kinnaird, Benjamin Gearey, Tom Hill et al. „Multi-Proxy Characterisation of the Storegga Tsunami and Its Impact on the Early Holocene Landscapes of the Southern North Sea“. Geosciences 10, Nr. 7 (15.07.2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070270.
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Doggerland was a landmass occupying an area currently covered by the North Sea until marine inundation took place during the mid-Holocene, ultimately separating the British landmass from the rest of Europe. The Storegga Event, which triggered a tsunami reflected in sediment deposits in the northern North Sea, northeast coastlines of the British Isles and across the North Atlantic, was a major event during this transgressive phase. The spatial extent of the Storegga tsunami however remains unconfirmed as, to date, no direct evidence for the event has been recovered from the southern North Sea. We present evidence of a tsunami deposit in the southern North Sea at the head of a palaeo-river system that has been identified using seismic survey. The evidence, based on lithostratigraphy, geochemical signatures, macro and microfossils and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), supported by optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating, suggests that these deposits were a result of the tsunami. Seismic identification of this stratum and analysis of adjacent cores showed diminished traces of the tsunami which was largely removed by subsequent erosional processes. Our results confirm previous modelling of the impact of the tsunami within this area of the southern North Sea, and also indicate that these effects were temporary, localized, and mitigated by the dense woodland and topography of the area. We conclude that clear physical remnants of the wave in these areas are likely to be restricted to now buried, palaeo-inland basins and incised river valley systems.
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Wibowo, Arif, Anthony Sisco Panggabaian, Achmad Zamroni, Asep Priatna und Helman Nur Yusuf. „USING DNA BARCODE TO IMPROVE THE IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE FISH LARVAE, CASE STUDY COASTAL WATER NEAR JAKARTA AND BANDA SEA, INDONESIA“. Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 24, Nr. 1 (13.08.2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.24.1.2018.37-44.
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The sustainability of the exploitation of the Indonesian fishes depends heavily on many of fish’s basic information including both larvae distribution and dispersal. However, the identification of fish larvae and juvenile to species is very limited. In this study, we employed DNA barcoding techniques to identify marine fish larvae to a species level in Jakarta Bay and Banda Sea by comparing the querries with sequences from adult stage as reference library to contribute on biodiversity information on that particular area. The result revealed that in Jakarta Bay, the molecular marker of a 471 bp region of the mitchondrial cyctochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) has been successfully found to be species-specific, genetic distance within species (0.0 - 1.30 percent). There are total of 8 families, 5 genera and 5 species from a total 15 successful PCR that could be used to calculate the accuracy of larval fish identification in three taxonomic categories. Meanwhile in Banda Sea, for the adult specimens, after some of PCR experiment, we have successfully amplified 27 individuals, only 8 sequences available. There are a total 326 eggs and larvae which been collected from 19 stations, of the 28 successfully amplified PCR samples, 11 sequences were available for DNA analysis and at least 10 species used Banda Sea and surrounding area as their spawning ground. We prove the ability of COI barcodes to identify species level resolution from query sequences and to classify species from distinct geographical origins and determine of how the data retrieved give important information for proposing plans for conserving and managing of fisheries in the sea waters.
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Marco-Herrero, Elena, Montserrat Ramón, Sergio Ramírez-Amaro, Olga Sánchez-Guillamón, Francesc Ordines, Carmina López-Rodríguez, María Teresa Farriols, Juan Tomás Vázquez und Enric Massutí. „New Deep-Sea Molluscan Records from Mallorca Channel Seamounts (North-Western Mediterranean)“. Diversity 14, Nr. 11 (29.10.2022): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110928.
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Seamounts are globally important and essential ecosystems for supporting and maintaining marine biodiversity. In the Mallorca Channel, three prominent seamounts are present: Ausias March, Ses Olives and Emile Baudot. Currently, this area is being evaluated for inclusion in the Natura 2000 network. For this objective three surveys were conducted in the seamounts of the Mallorca Channel during July 2018 and July 2020. Samples of macro-invertebrates obtained in the deep sea revealed a rich fauna of Mollusca (68 species belonging to 40 families). New Mollusca occurrences included: four species of Gastropoda: Colus jeffreysianus, Cantrainea peloritana, Fusiturris similis, Gymnobela abyssorum, and seven species of Bivalvia: Pododesmus squama, Allogramma formosa, Asperarca nodulosa, Cetomya neaeroides, Spondylus gussonii, Haliris granulata and Policordia gemma. Where possible, the identification of these species was confirmed using the DNA barcoding method (sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). This study contributes towards filling the gap in knowledge of deep-sea mollusc fauna of the north-western Mediterranean.
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Pernthaler, Annelie, Jakob Pernthaler und Rudolf Amann. „Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition for the Identification of Marine Bacteria“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, Nr. 6 (Juni 2002): 3094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.3094-3101.2002.
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ABSTRACT Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled oligonucleotide probes and tyramide signal amplification, also known as catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD), is currently not generally applicable to heterotrophic bacteria in marine samples. Penetration of the HRP molecule into bacterial cells requires permeabilization procedures that cause high and most probably species-selective cell loss. Here we present an improved protocol for CARD-FISH of marine planktonic and benthic microbial assemblages. After concentration of samples onto membrane filters and subsequent embedding of filters in low-gelling-point agarose, no decrease in bacterial cell numbers was observed during 90 min of lysozyme incubation (10 mg ml−1 at 37°C). The detection rates of coastal North Sea bacterioplankton by CARD-FISH with a general bacterial probe (EUB338-HRP) were significantly higher (mean, 94% of total cell counts; range, 85 to 100%) than that with a monolabeled probe (EUB338-mono; mean, 48%; range, 19 to 66%). Virtually no unspecific staining was observed after CARD-FISH with an antisense EUB338-HRP. Members of the marine SAR86 clade were undetectable by FISH with a monolabeled probe; however, a substantial population was visualized by CARD-FISH (mean, 7%; range, 3 to 13%). Detection rates of EUB338-HRP in Wadden Sea sediments (mean, 81%; range, 53 to 100%) were almost twice as high as the detection rates of EUB338-mono (mean, 44%; range, 25 to 71%). The enhanced fluorescence intensities and signal-to-background ratios make CARD-FISH superior to FISH with directly labeled oligonucleotides for the staining of bacteria with low rRNA content in the marine environment.