Dissertationen zum Thema „Marche discrète“
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El, Sokhen Rabih. „Two-dimensional topological properties of photonic mesh lattices subject to discrete step walks“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILR067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents experimental and numerical investigations into bulk and edge invariants within a 2D synthetic photonic lattice subjected to discrete step walks. The lattice is engineered by time-multiplexing light pulses in two unequal-length optical fiber rings coupled with a variable beam splitter (VBS). In this configuration, one dimension exhibits real-space dynamics, while the other is governed by an external phase modulator (PM). Employing heterodyne detection, we access spectral information and measure eigenvalues and eigenvectors, enabling the extraction of bulk invariants such as Berry curvature and Chern number associated with the photonic bands. Furthermore, we derive an expression for the winding number and demonstrate that the emergence of edge states is tied to specific geometric boundaries. Finally, we highlight the impact of edge topology on the overall system topology, which can either suppress or induce the presence of edge states
N'Gahane, Pierre. „Efficacite des marches a terme et d'options dans le cadre d'un processus discret : une application au marche du petrole brut“. Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL20013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFutures and options markets are both complimentary and efficient because they offer specific services whose informative roles are necessary. In the frame work of partial equilibrium models, leaving behind a common approach of arbitrage, we can show that an option is a financial non redundant asset. The pricing process is established by agents who are frightened of risk and have rational anticipation, the hedgers through their financial transactions may transfer the risk to the speculators and may also be informed of future spot market conditions, we empirically test the informative role of futures and options prices on the basis of the crude oil market
Forets, Irurtia Marcelo Alejandro. „Marches quantiques et mécanique quantique relativiste“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the development of two well-known models of computation for their application in quantum computer simulations. These models are the quantum walk (QW) and quantum cellular automata (QCA) models, and they constitute doubly strategic topics in this respect. First, they are privileged mathematical settings in which to encode the description of the actual physical system to be simulated. Second, they offer an experimentally viable architecture for actual physical devices performing the simulation.For QWs, we prove precise error bounds and convergence rates of the discrete scheme towards the Dirac equation, thus validating the QW as a quantum simulation scheme. Furthermore, for both models we formulate a notion of discrete Lorentz covariance, which admits a diagrammatic representation in terms of local, circuit equivalence rules. We also study the continuum limit of a wide class of QWs, and show that it leads to a class of PDEs which includes the Hamiltonian form of the massive Dirac equation in (1+1)-dimensional curved spacetime.Finally, we study the two particle sector of a QCA. We find the conditions for the existence of discrete spectrum (interpretable as molecular binding) for short-range and for long-range interactions. This is achieved using perturbation techniques of trace class operators and spectral analysis of unitary operators
Bouaziz, Aymen. „Marches aléatoires et arbres de Galton-Watson“. Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2047/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we are interested in three types of problems: 1-Existence and uniqueness of a positive harmonic function associated with an inhomogeneous random walk confined in an orthant. 2-Study of convergence in distribution of critical Galton Watson trees conditioned to have a large enoughnumber of protected nodes. 3-Study of the convergence in distribution of Galton Watson trees conditioned to have a large generation
Marquez, Martin Ivan. „Quantum walks : background geometry and gauge invariance“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0698.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere are many problems that cannot be solved using current classical computers. One manner to approach a solution of these systems is by using quantum computers. However, building a quantum computer is really challenging from the experimental side. Quantum simulators have been capable to solve some of these problems, as they are realizable experimentally. Discrete Time Quantum Walks (DTQWs) have been proved to be an useful tool to quantum simulate physical systems. In the continuous limit, a family of differential equations can be achieved, in particular, the Dirac equation can be recovered. In this thesis we study QWs as possible schemes for quantum simulation. Specifically, we can summarize our results in: i) We introduce a QW-based model in which a brane theory can be simulated in the continuum, opening the possibility to study more general theories with extra dimensions; ii) Electromagnetic gauge invariance in QWs is discussed, presenting some similarities and differences to previous models. This QW model also makes a connection to gauge invariance in lattice gauge theories (LGT); iii) We introduce QWs over non-rectangular lattices, such a triangular or honeycomb structures, for the purpose of simulating the Dirac equation in the continuum. We also extent these models, by introducing local coin operators, that allow us to reproduce the dynamics of quantum particles under a curved space time
De, Loynes Basile. „Graphes et marches aléatoires“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726483.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHansmann, Marcel [Verfasser]. „On the discrete spectrum of linear operators in Hilbert spaces / Marcel Hansmann“. Clausthal-Zellerfeld : Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001898664/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerrin, Nicolas. „Footstep planning for humanoid robots: discrete and continuous approaches“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647469.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaghin, Victor. „Les angles morts de la caméra intelligente : filtres scientifiques, débat confiné et marché discret“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PESC2005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCCTVs have been part of our urban and even rural landscapes for some years now. However, they have not solved all the problems that led to their deployment in many public spaces. One solution to this problem is to add automatic detection software to the existing system. These additional components come in a variety of forms: people counting, vehicle type detection, illegal dumping detection, analysis of abnormal situations, facial recognition, etc. The first uses of these new forms of video surveillance have taken place in France, although they are not as numerous as in other countries. This thesis seeks to provide some initial thoughts on these new surveillance tools and the context surrounding them, by approaching them from three main angles. The first concerns the scientific developments involved in the construction of these new monitoring solutions. The second focuses on the public debate surrounding automated video surveillance and the particular form this debate is taking. The third and final aspect examines the uses - most of them experimental - that are taking place in France, and the objectives and conditions of these uses. For the first aspect, this work tends to show the particular importance of infrastructures in the success of these artificial intelligence tools. Whether at the development stage or in use, artificial intelligence relies heavily on all the tools and materials mobilized for its operation. Data, networks and sensors are all sieves through which the software's work passes, and which impose technical limits. As for the second aspect, the research explored the question of how these technical solutions are presented, promoted or criticized as a problem, in public debates or in economic arenas. This revealed that, despite widespread social criticism, economic arguments dominate official reports. As for the third aspect, while there is no consensus on the subject of automated surveillance, the thesis analyzes all the strategies and resources mobilized to build an automated video surveillance market in spite of everything
Ahnani, Mohamed. „Modèles de valorisation d'options exotiques : réflexions en temps continu et en temps discret“. Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerrin, NIcolas. „Planification de pas pour robots humanoïdes : approches discrètes et continues“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0080/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we investigate two types of approaches for footstep planning for humanoid robots: on one hand the discrete approaches where the robot has only a finite set of possible steps, and on the other hand the approaches where the robot uses continuous feasibility regions. We study these problems both on a theoretical and practical level. In particular, we describe two original, coherent and efficient methods for footstep planning, one in the discrete case (chapter 5), and one in the continuous case (chapter 6). We validate these methods in simulation and with several experiments on the robot HRP-2
Arnault, Pablo. „Discrete-time quantum walks and gauge theories“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066135/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA quantum (Q) computer (QC), i.e. utilizing the resources of Q physics, superposition of states and entanglement, could fournish an exponential gain in computing time. A simulation using such resources is called a Q simulation (QS). The advantage of QSs over classical ones is well established at the theoretical, i.e. software level. Their practical benefit requires their implementation on a Q hardware. The QC, i.e. the universal one (see below), has not seen the light of day yet, but the efforts in this direction are both growing and diverse. Also, QS has already been illustrated by numerous experimental proofs of principle, thanks too small-size and specific-task Q computers or simulators. Q walks (QWs) are particularly-studied QS schemes, being elementary bricks to conceive any Q algorithm, i.e. to achieve so-called universal Q computation. The present thesis is a step more towards a simulation of Q field theories based on discrete-time QWs (DTQWs). Indeed, it is shown, in certain cases, how DTQWs can simulate, in the continuum, the action of Yang-Mills gauge fields on fermionic matter, and the retroaction of the latter on the gauge-field dynamics. The suggested schemes preserve gauge invariance on the spacetime lattice, i.e. not only in the continuum. In the (1+2)D Abelian case, consistent lattice equivalents to both Maxwell’s equations and the current conservation are suggested. In the (1+1)D non-Abelian case, a lattice version of the non-Abelian field strength is suggested. Moreover, it is shown how this fermionic matter based on DTQWs can be coupled to relativistic gravitational fields of the continuum, i.e. to curved spacetimes, in several spatial dimensions
Zarka, Benjamin. „La propriété de décroissance rapide hybride pour les groupes discrets“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA finitely generated group G has the property RD when the Sobolev space H^s(G) embeds in the group reduced C^*-algebra C^*_r(G). This embedding induces isomorphisms in K-theory, and allows to upper-bound the operator norm of the convolution on l^2(G) by weighted l^2 norms. It is known that if G contains an amenable subgroup with superpolynomial growth, then G cannot have property RD. In another hand, we always have the canonical inclusion of l^1(G) in C^*_r(G), but this estimation is generally less optimal than the estimation given by the property RD, and in most of cases, it needs to combine Bost and Baum-Connes conjectures to know if that inclusion induces K-theory isomorphisms. That's the reason why, in this thesis, we define a relative version of property RD by using an interpolation norm between l^1 and l^2 which depends on a subgroup H of G, and we call that property: property RD_H. We will see that property RD_H can be seen as an analogue for non-normal subgroups to the fact that G/H has property RD, and we will study what kind of geometric properties on G/H can imply or deny the property RD_H. In particular, we care about the case where H is a co-amenable subgroup of G, and the case where G is relatively hyperbolic with respect to H. We will show that property RD_H induces isomorphisms in K-theory, and gives us a lower bound concerning the return probability in the subgroup H for a symmetric random walk. Another part of the thesis is devoted to show that if G is a certain kind of semi-direct product, the inclusion l^1(G)subset C^*_r(G) induces isomorphisms in K-theory, we prove this statement by using two types of exact sequences without using Bost and Baum-Connes conjectures
Blachère, Sébastien. „Agrégation limitée par diffusion interne et temps de coupure sur les groupes discrets à croissance polynomiale“. Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLopusanschi, Olga. „Chemins rugueux issus de processus discrets“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThrough the present work, we hope to contribute to extending the domain of applications of rough paths theory by studying the convergence of discrete processes and thus allowing for a new point of view on several issues appearing in the setting of classical stochastic calculus. We study the convergence, first of Markov chains on periodic graphs, then of hidden Markov walks, in rough path topology, and we show that this change of setting allows to bring forward extra information on the limit using the area anomaly, which is invisible in the uniform topology. We want to show that the utility of this object goes beyond the setting of dierential equations. We also show how rough paths can be used to encode the way we embed a discrete process in the space of continuous functions, and that the limits of these embeddings dier precisely by the area anomaly term. We then define the iterated occupation times for a Markov chain and show using iterated sums that they form an underlying combinatorial structure for hidden Markov walks. We then construct rough paths using iterated sums and compare them to the classical construction, which uses iterated integrals, to get two dierent types of rough paths at the limit: the non-geometric and the geometric one respectively. Finally, we illustrate the computation and construction of the area anomaly and we give some extra results on the convergence of iterated sums and occupation times
Di, Molfetta Giuseppe. „Discrete time quantum walks : from synthetic gauge fields to spontaneous equilibration“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066220/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProblems too demanding for classical computers can be approached promisingly with quantum simulators, which operate using one controllable quantum system in order to investigate the behavior and properties of a less accessible one. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in a number of experimental and theoretical fields. Quantum Walks (QWs) are simple and sophisticated discrete space and time dynamical systems and it has been shown that in the continuous limit different emergent quantum fields can be simulated. In this thesis we will draw on QWs to further explore various areas of interest in Physics. More specifically our analysis will branch out into three main directions: (i) the connection between QWs and quantum field theory, with particular attention to bridging the quantum coin of QWs with the geometrical properties of gauge field theories; (ii) the study of QWs' classical limit and of the transient semi-classical dynamics, especially in relation with field theories; (iii) the spontaneous equilibration and thermalization in some nonlinear QWs-like models. Every step of this thesis will be validated by specific analytical results and numerical implementations
Thiery, Stéphane. „Évaluation d'options "vanilles" et "digitales" dans le modèle de marché à intervalles“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460176.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllab, Slimane. „Une analyse plurielle des interactions intra et inter-niveaux dans la gestion et la commande des systèmes de production“. Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOunaies, Senda. „Optimal investment in friction markets and equilibrium theory with unbounded attainable sets“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD dissertation studies two independent research topics dealing with phenomena issues from financial and economic mathematics.This thesis is organized in two parts. The first part is devoted to two contributions tothe Merton problem. First, we investigate the problem of optimal investment and consumption of Merton in the case of discrete markets in an infinite horizon. We suppose that there is frictions in the markets due to loss in trading. These frictions are modeled through nonlinear penalty functions and the classical transaction cost studied by Magill and Constantinides in [31] and illiquidity models studied by Cetin, Jarrow and Protter in [6] are included in this formulation. In this context, the solvency region is defined taking into account this penalty function and every investigator have to maximize his utility, that is derived from consumption, in this region. We give the dynamic programming ofthe model and we prove the existence and uniqueness of the value function. Optimalinvestment and consumption strategies are constructed as well. We second extend the Merton model to a multi-investors problem. Our approach is to construct a dynamic deterministic general equilibrium model. We then provide the existence of equilibrium of the problem which is a set of controls that is composed of consumption and portfolio processes, as well as the resulting price processes so that each investor’s consumption policy maximizes his lifetime expected. The results obtained in this part extends mainly the results recently obtained by Chebbi and Soner [10] and other corresponding results in the litterature.The second part of this thesis deals with the problem of the existence of an equilibrium of a production economy with unbounded attainable allocations sets where the consumers may have non-complete non-transitive preferences. We introduce an asymptotic property on preferences for the attainable consumptions in order to prove the existence of an equilibrium. We show that this condition holds true if the set of attainable allocations is compact or, when preferences are representable by utility functions, if the set of attainable individually rational utility levels is compact. This assumption generalizes the CPP condition of Allouch [1] and covers the example of Page et al. [40] when the attainable utility levels set is not compact. So we extend the previous existence results with unbounded attainable sets in two ways by adding a production sector and considering general preferences
Kim, Younga. „La précarité des femmes sur le marché du travail : une comparaison entre la Corée du Sud et la France“. Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFemale paid employment is increasing in quantity, but what about quality? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the déterminants of female employment and precariousness in employment over the course of the life cycle. Based on two panel data sets from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study from 1998 to 2008 and the French portion of the European Community Household Panel between 1994 and 2001, a multiple correspondence analysis compares the situations of precarious employment of women in South Korea with that of those in France. It shows that the reconciliation of work and family life is very différent from one country to another, and that this détermines the fate of women in the labor market. A multi-level discrete-time hazard model examines the déterminants of transitions between différent types of precariousness in both countries, and highlights the important effect of âge and the life cycle, éducation, and family care responsibilities. Precariousness in employment générâtes inequalities between women. The Gini coefficient measures inequalities associated with the observed prevalence of différent types of precariousness among South Korean women from 1998 to 2008. A model of Markov chains calculâtes the prevalence associated with the conditions of the moment. The Gini coefficient corresponding to the inequalities of the moment reveals the current situation to be more egalitarian than that which has been inherited from the past. The comparison between South Korea and France provides évidence that the déterminants of female employment affect the transitions between différent types of precarious employment, with variations from country to country. In both countries, higher educational attainment and work expérience are a means of escaping from precariousness. For South Korean women, family responsibilities do not détermine the variation of precariousness, as they do in France, although this is a major characteristic of South Korean mothers' precariousness. Women's continuous participation in paid employment for both countries does not guarantee a decrease in precariousness. Observed changes from 1998 to 2008 in South Korea indicate an improvement of the lost of women in the employment market
Tejedor, Vincent. „Random walks and first-passage properties : trajectory analysis and search optimization“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMendez, Azua Hector. „Synthèse de lois de surveillance pour les procédés industriels complexes“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198339.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamdi, Tarek. „Calcul stochastique commutatif et non-commutatif : théorie et application“. Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy PhD work is composed of two parts, the first part is dedicated to the discrete-time stochastic analysis for obtuse random walks as to the second part, it is linked to free probability. In the first part, we present a construction of the stochastic integral of predictable square-integrable processes and the associated multiple stochastic integrals ofsymmetric functions on Nn (n_1), with respect to a normal martingale.[...] In a second step, we revisited thedescription of the marginal distribution of the Brownian motion on the large-size complex linear group. Precisely, let (Z(d)t )t_0 be a Brownian motion on GL(d,C) and consider nt the limit as d !¥ of the distribution of (Z(d)t/d)⋆Z(d)t/d with respect to E×tr
Marcovici, Irène. „Automates cellulaires probabilistes et mesures spécifiques sur des espaces symboliques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933977.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMathéus, Frédéric. „Probabilités et géométrie dans certains groupes de type fini“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919399.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorcrette, Basile. „Combinatoire analytique et modèles d'urnes“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBacher, Axel. „Chemins et animaux : applications de la théorie des empilements de pièces“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654805.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCai, Jiatu. „Méthodes asymptotiques en contrôle stochastique et applications à la finance“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC338.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we study several mathematical finance problems related to the presence of market imperfections. Our main approach for solving them is to establish a relevant asymptotic framework in which explicit approximate solutions can be obtained for the associated control problems. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in the pricing and hedging of European options. We first consider the question of determining the optimal rebalancing dates for a replicating portfolio in the presence of a drift in the underlying dynamics. We show that in this situation, it is possible to generate positive returns while hedging the option and describe a rebalancing strategy which is asymptotically optimal for a mean-variance type criterion. Then we propose an asymptotic framework for options risk management under proportional transaction costs. Inspired by Leland’s approach, we develop an alternative way to build hedging portfolios enabling us to minimize hedging errors. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the issue of tracking a stochastic target. The agent aims at staying close to the target while minimizing tracking efforts. In a small costs asymptotics, we establish a lower bound for the value function associated to this optimization problem. This bound is interpreted in term of ergodic control of Brownian motion. We also provide numerous examples for which the lower bound is explicit and attained by a strategy that we describe. In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the problem of consumption-investment with capital gains taxes. We first obtain an asymptotic expansion for the associated value function that we interpret in a probabilistic way. Then, in the case of a market with regime-switching and for an investor with recursive utility of Epstein-Zin type, we solve the problem explicitly by providing a closed-form consumption-investment strategy. Finally, we study the joint impact of transaction costs and capital gains taxes. We provide a system of corrector equations which enables us to unify the results in [ST13] and [CD13]
Jacoboni, Lison. „Propriétés métriques et probabilistes des groupes métabéliens“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS417/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the fist part, we study the return probability of finitely generated metabelian groups. We give a characterization of such groups with large return probability in purely algebraic terms, namely the Krull dimension of the group. To do so, we establish, for metabelian groups, a variation of a famous embedding theorem of Kaloujinine and Krasner that respects this dimension. Along the way, we obtain lower and upper bounds on the return probability of metabelian groups according to their dimension.The second part of this thesis deals with isoperimetric profiles of locally compact compactly generated groups, that we use to characterize the existence of sequences of Følner couples. We generalize at a compact scale previous results of Tessera, in particular that they increase when going to a quotient group, so as to state in more generality a result from the first part, namely that the existence of Følner couples goes to a quotient group. We also prove that it goes to a closed subgroup. This allows to obtains a more self-contained proof of the main result of the first part of this thesis.The third part is a joint work with Kropholler in which we study the structure of soluble groups of infinite torsion-free rank with no ZwrZ. As a corollary, we obtain that a finitely generated soluble group with Krull dimension has finite torsion-free rank if and only if it has no ZwrZ