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Osakabe, Shouichi. „Azbil Crisis Management Solutions for Manufacturing Industry“. JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 68, Nr. 3 (2014): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.68.281.
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Aureliano, Filipe dos Santos, Ariellen Aparecida Fidelis Costa, Ivan Franklin Júnior, Alessandro Ferreira Alves, Roger A. Rodrigues, Rodrigo Franklin Frogeri und Pedro dos Santos Portugal Júnior. „Application of lean manufacturing in construction management“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, Nr. 12 (31.12.2019): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss12.2105.
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The construction industry in recent decades has been facing internal and external pressures, such as financial crisis, industry competitiveness and increased importance of quality required by the client. Because it is a sector, which has a low level of productivity, and high levels of waste, both with materials such as with labor, it is necessary to search for new management practices and production control. The development of a productive environment which aims to reduce waste, costs and deadlines, meeting customer needs and increasing efficiency and productivity in construction sites, made the application of the concepts of Lean Manufacturing in Civil works broke old paradigms in this area. In this way, this work has as objective the study of the implementation of Lean Manufacturing and its effect on the construction management, through the development of case studies on construction sites, where these concepts were applied and the results obtained are exposed in this work.
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D’Addona, Doriana M., und Alessandro A. Bruzzone. „Formal Tools for Management of Manufacturing Systems: A Multi Agents System Approach“. International Journal of Automation Technology 13, Nr. 5 (05.09.2019): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0691.
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To overcome the consequences of the 2008 crisis on the real sector, especially manufacturing, Industry 4.0 gives guidelines to drive production by emphasizing technological innovations, such as industrial internet, cloud manufacturing, etc. The proposed paper focuses on cognitive manufacturing within the framework of the emergent synthesis paradigm. Specifically, the structuring process by which the manufacturing assets are organized to provide the finished goods is analyzed. The study is carried out by considering the analogies between manufacturing and other inventive processes supported by formal tools such as formal languages, semantic webs, and multi agent system.
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Teng, Xiaodong, Bao-Guang Chang und Kun-Shan Wu. „The Role of Financial Flexibility on Enterprise Sustainable Development during the COVID-19 Crisis—A Consideration of Tangible Assets“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 3 (25.01.2021): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031245.
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Financial flexibility refers to the ability of a firm to respond effectively to unanticipated shocks to its cash flows or its investment opportunities and is a key factor in the sustainable development of enterprise. This article explores the effect of financial flexibility on the enterprise performance of Taiwan’s manufacturing industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for the first and second quarter of 2020 from companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that for listed manufacturing companies on the Taiwan Stock Exchange, financial flexibility has a significant and positive effect on enterprise performance (return on assets, ROA), particularly in the asset-heavy manufacturing industry. However, financial flexibility has no significant effect on the enterprise performance of the asset-light manufacturing industry or the semiconductor industry. This study also show evidence that Taiwan’s asset-light manufacturing industry suffered the most from the COVID-19 crisis, which is not conducive to its sustainable development. In summary, the results show that Taiwan’s manufacturing industry has poor financial flexibility and one of the worst ROA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of this research, effective suggestions to rationally retain financial flexibility and pay more attention to liquidity risk management for sustainable development are proposed for Taiwan’s manufacturing industry.
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Supanvanij, Janikan. „FOREIGN ACTIVITIES OF MULTINATIONAL FIRMS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY AFTER THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS“. Journal of International Business and Economics 19, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jibe-19-1.2.
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Tse, Chin-Bun, und Timothy Rodgers. „The capital structure of Chinese listed firms: is manufacturing industry special?“ Managerial Finance 40, Nr. 5 (06.05.2014): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-08-2013-0211.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not industry membership can explain the leverage of Shanghai listed firms prior to the 2007 financial crisis. In view of the central role that manufacturing industry played in China's rise as a global economic power, the authors are particularly interested in whether or not manufacturing is a special case. Design/methodology/approach – The paper undertakes a comparative study of leverage differences between manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry firms on both a cross-section and time-series basis. This is supplemented by a pooled regression analysis that models the factors determining leverage on an industry-by-industry basis. Findings – The authors find that leverage levels differ across industries because of industry-based differences in financial characteristics. It is also found that, despite playing a leading role in China's economic development, there is no evidence to suggest that manufacturing is a special case. Across all sectors borrowing-power-related variables were identified as being important determinants of leverage and, contrary to the expectations, factors relating to profitability were largely insignificant. Research limitations/implications – The trade off and pecking order capital structure theories found to be commonly applicable to firms in the western business environment do not appear to adequately explain capital structure in China. Originality/value – The paper identify evidence to suggest that China needs to be treated as a “special case” in the context of capital structure theory due to the unique cultural and business environment.
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Obolensky, V. „Foreign Economic Relations of Russia: Some Lessons from the Global Crisis“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 5 (20.05.2012): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-5-87-100.
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The article deals with the influence of the global crisis on the Russian foreign economic relations and their effects on the national economy. The crisis has made it evident that it is necessary to change the character of Russia's participation in the world division of labor. Russian export should rise on the base of development of the manufacturing industry. Also cardinal improvement of the investment climate and certain correction in the rouble exchange rate management are needed.
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Cucculelli, Marco, und Valentina Peruzzi. „Post-crisis firm survival, business model changes, and learning: evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry“. Small Business Economics 54, Nr. 2 (14.04.2018): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0044-2.
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Tan, Hwee Hoon, und Hai Hui See. „Strategic Reorientation and Responses to the Asian Financial Crisis: The Case of the Manufacturing Industry in Singapore“. Asia Pacific Journal of Management 21, Nr. 1/2 (März 2004): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:apjm.0000024083.66366.b1.
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Tomaštík, Marek, Martin Hart und Jan Strohmandl. „The Rationalization and Logistics Management Origins in Bata Company“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 708 (Dezember 2014): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.708.318.
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The successful rationalization of production and the subsequent formation of assembly-line production in the footwear industry has evolved from its deepest post-war economic crisis. People who needed to produce the best quality shoes at a reasonable price demanded changes in the system of production and sales. Rationalization introduced in the manufacture of footwear used modern machines that were scientifically and optimally distributed in manufacturing processes. Proceedings of the race was comprehensively carried out according to the production plans from raw material to the sale of final products in stores. The whole system was characterized by a struggle against all losses and defects, against wasting time, energy and material either of an individual or a team work.
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Yang, Minyoung, und Jinsoo Kim. „Revisiting the Relation between Renewable Electricity and Economic Growth: A Renewable–Growth Hypothesis“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 8 (13.04.2020): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083121.
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Global concern about the climate crisis has incited movements for switching to renewable electricity. Renewable electricity can contribute to economic growth as an input factor (electricity generation) and also as an industry (renewable manufacturing). We introduce a new hypothesis, the renewable–growth hypothesis, to investigate the role of the renewable manufacturing industry in the energy–growth nexus study. To test the hypothesis, we select a target country group using the market share of the renewable manufacturing industry and conduct the Granger causality test for solar photovoltaic and wind power. The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach is applied for the causality test. The results show that renewable electricity Granger causes economic growth in target countries, which supports the renewable–growth hypothesis. However, the hypothesis did not hold in countries that export renewable power facilities more than they install them for domestic demand. We believe that the renewable–growth hypothesis would be secured soon if renewable electricity expands broadly over the world.
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Xiaohua, Li. „Institutional and Economic Support for Renewable Energy Companies in China and eu Member States: Conflicting or Cooperative Industrial Policies?“ Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, Nr. 5-6 (08.10.2014): 728–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341325.
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This research examines the photovoltaic (pv) industry, which is the fastest growing source of renewable energy, as an example in order to illustrate the development history, the status of cooperation and conflict between eu and China, and to explain the reasons behind the phenomenon. The photovoltaic industry both in China and eu experienced a period of rapid growth before the international financial crisis, driven by the explosion of the pv installation capacity and pushed by supporting policies for solar energy in eu member states and other developed countries. After the international financial crisis and Europe’s sovereign-debt crisis, because of the cut off of subsidies for solar energy in eu member states, the supply and demand relationship in the pv market was reversed. There was a serious excess capacity throughout the world and a subsequent trade war between eu and China in 2012. China and the eu have different comparative advantages. The eu is good at pv technology, producing the equipment used in pv factories and has management experience relating to the running of pv electricity systems, while China is good at manufacturing pv modules at low cost due to its innovative manufacturing in the global value chain. If the China and the eu combine these benefits, they can achieve a win-win game: China could produce renewable products more efficiently and with low environmental pollution and it could improve its management of pv electricity systems; at the same time, the eu could get low prices and high quality pv modules and reach its renewable energy targets more easily.
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Singh, Hari Narain. „Supply issues in ACPL – an electrical manufacturing company“. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, Nr. 8 (17.10.2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211292373.
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Subject area Supply chain management. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for post graduates in management, and for those managing small sector supply and manufacturing systems. Case overview ACPL is an organisation which moved from trading to manufacturing a technology product instrument transformers (ITs) for power utility companies for 11 years, competing with the best in industry, reducing internal costs, and modernising the supply chain. ACPL was started as a trading organisation in electrical items in Delhi by Munish Kumar, an engineer by profession in 2001. In 2004 he ventured into manufacturing, which expanded in two locations in Ghaziabad, NCR Delhi. Later his two sons, engineer and management graduate, respectively, joined the organisation. In less than a decade, by 2007, ACPL had grown to be a private limited organisation. ACPL manufactures ITs required by power boards and companies for conversion and usage of high voltage (11 kV/33 kV) transmitted power into 220 V single phase/440 V three phase power. From tender/enquiry through manufacturing to inspection and despatch takes a long supply chain cycle time holding space as well as inventory. An interview with the chairman of ACPL in the case highlights issues affecting its margins and growth. The long process to delivery time may be in vogue in this type of industry but this holds up a huge inventory. The company management has been working to resolve this crisis along with an urgent need to grow in a competitive environment. The problem is being addressed. Expected learning outcomes This case study should help students to understand the concept of the supply chain and supply cycle, in a manufacturing company in particular. It has been found that students understand the supply chain as part of the marketing function dealing with finished stocks, warehousing and delivery to end customers as per agreements, and arranging payments from customers. The supply chain also deals with in bound materials management. Raw materials planning, purchasing, inventory management are crucial for effective business operations management in any organisation. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available; please contact your librarian for access.
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Koehler, Ingo. „Overcoming Stagnation: Product Policy and Marketing in the German Automobile Industry of the 1970s“. Business History Review 84, Nr. 1 (2010): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500001240.
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The automobile industry was a leader in Germany's economic recovery after World War II. In the 1950s and 1960s, carmakers found a ready market for their products as mass motorization created a manufacturing backlog. But, by the 1970s, rapid changes in sales and the arrival of new competitors in the German market marked a transition from a seller's to a buyer's market. Additionally, the energy crisis intensified existing consumer reluctance to spend and altered buying preferences. German car manufacturers adjusted to the changing market conditions after 1973 by adopting different strategies. In order to generate economic success, they developed new marketing-management instruments that supported a fundamental change in the business paradigm, leading them to shift from their earlier emphasis on production to a stronger focus on consumers.
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Yang, Chih-Hai, und Chia-Hui Huang. „IS TAIWAN'S R&D PRODUCTIVITY IN DECLINE? A MICROECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS“. Journal of Business Economics and Management 14, Nr. 1 (22.02.2013): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.711356.
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Innovation is widely recognized as the main stimulus of economic growth. Considering that Taiwan has devoted increasingly more efforts to R&D since the late 1980s, a crucial question is posed: did the R&D productivity of firms begin to decline in Taiwan during the post-Asian Financial Crisis period when Taiwan's economic growth began to decelerate? This study investigates changes in R&D productivity for Taiwan's manufacturing firms from 1990 to 2003. By employing various approaches to obtain robust results, findings from firm-level microeconometric analysis suggests that overall R&D productivity in Taiwan appears to have been ascendant, particularly during the post-crisis period. This result is also evidenced by segmenting the sample into industry groups, whereby electronics firms have a significantly high R&D productivity growth relative to firms outside the electronics industry. Therefore, the slowdown of Taiwan's economic growth in the past decade is attributed to other influences rather than a slowdown in R&D productivity.
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Paula, Fabio de Oliveira, und Jorge Ferreira da Silva. „Innovation performance of Italian manufacturing firms“. European Journal of Innovation Management 20, Nr. 3 (14.08.2017): 428–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2016-0119.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how internal and external sources of knowledge influence the innovation performance (IP) in Italian manufacturing firms and how different these relationships are for low-technology (LT) and high-technology (HT) firms. Design/methodology/approach The study proposed a model relating external knowledge, internal knowledge and IP that was tested using Bayesian structural equation modeling with a sample of Italian manufacturing firms of Community Innovation Survey 2010. It was run separately for high-tech firms (including HT and medium-HT aggregations of manufacturing industries of NACE Rev. 2) and low-tech firms (including LT and medium-LT aggregations). Findings The results showed a difference between high-tech and low-tech manufacturing firms in Italy. The investments to leverage internal knowledge sources are important for high-techs and not significant for low-techs. On the other hand, the level of external KS improves significantly the IP of low-techs and has a negative effect for high-techs. The level of absorptive capacity is central to improve the positive effect of the external knowledge on the IP for all firms, but it is still underdeveloped. Originality/value The effects of 2008 economic crisis hit the Italian manufacturing industry specifically hard and are still felt. Innovation is a solution for firms’ growth and Italy is considered a below-average innovator country in Europe. The study could identify important gaps in Italian manufacturing firms that hinder their innovative performance improvement.
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Cheng, Xian, Liao Stephen Shaoyi und Zhongsheng Hua. „Measuring the systemic importance of interconnected industries in the world economic system“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 117, Nr. 1 (06.02.2017): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-10-2015-0442.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the systemic importance of industry in the world economic system under the system-wide event – the crisis of 2008-2009, by viewing this system as a weighted directed network of interconnected industries. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors investigate this crisis at three different levels based on network-related indicators: the “macro” global level, the “meso” country level, and the “micro” industry level. This investigation not only provides evidence for the systemic influence, that is, systemic risk, of the crisis, but also reveals the contagion mechanism of the crisis, which supports the stress testing. Second, the authors use a network-related business intelligence algorithm, the combined hyperlink-induced topic search (HITS) algorithm, to measure the contribution of a given individual industry to the overall risk of the economic system or, in other words, the systemic importance of the individual industry. Findings The HITS algorithm considers both the market information and the interconnectedness of the industries. Based on the stress testing, the performance of the combined HITS is compared with the purely market-based systemic risk measurement. The results show that the combined HITS outperforms the baseline in finding the top N systemically important industries. Practical implications The combined HITS algorithm provides a novel network-based perspective of systemic risk measurement. Originality/value Measuring the systemic importance based on the combined HITS algorithm can help managers and regulators design effective risk management policies. In this respect, the work initiates a research direction of studying the systemic risk in a business system based on a network-related business intelligence algorithm because the business system can be viewed as an interconnected network.
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Bouranta, Nancy, und Evangelos Psomas. „A comparative analysis of competitive priorities and business performance between manufacturing and service firms“. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 66, Nr. 7 (11.09.2017): 914–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-03-2016-0059.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and contrast the levels of focus on competitive priorities (CPs) between service and manufacturing firms in Greece during an economic crisis and the influence of those CPs on business performance. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data were collected from 298 company representatives of Greek firms with an approximately equal proportion of the firms being from the manufacturing (n=157) and service (n=141) industries. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the proposed first-order latent constructs as well as to determine the second-order latent construct (CPs). The CPs were employed to represent the hypothetical structural relationship of business performance. The fit and predictive accuracy of the model was estimated using AMOS software. Findings The proposed CPs model consists of five latent constructs: quality, delivery, cost, innovation, and customer focus. It was also verified regardless of industry (manufacturing or service) that the same set of CPs was used. However, these two sectors differed on the emphasis they paid to the selected CPs. Originality/value The major contributions of the paper are fourfold. First, this study represents the first empirical investigation, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, into CP issues in the service and manufacturing industries, to determine whether there are differences in CPs between these two sectors. Second, the paper focused on the operations strategy of service enterprises in a field where the empirical evidence remains scarce. Third, the current research is conducted in a developing country with economic problems and political instability, while previous empirical research was mainly conducted in large and highly industrialized countries. Knowing about the Greek economy’s economic crisis and the CPs of different industries within it provides a unique and interesting perspective to this research. Finally, the findings introduced a set of common CPs as being applicable to both sectors (services and manufacturing), as the number and the nature of its dimensions seems to be independent of the type of sector examined.
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Mattsson, Pontus, Jonas Månsson und William H. Greene. „TFP change and its components for Swedish manufacturing firms during the 2008–2009 financial crisis“. Journal of Productivity Analysis 53, Nr. 1 (26.10.2019): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11123-019-00561-w.
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Abstract A driving force of economic development is growth in total factor productivity (TFP). Manufactured goods are, to a large extent, exports, and represent an important part of the economy for many developed countries. Additionally, a slowdown in labour productivity has been observed in many OECD countries since the financial crisis of 2008–2009. This study investigates TFP change and its components for the Swedish manufacturing industry, compared with the private service sector, during the years 1997–2013, centering on the financial crisis. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) is used to disentangle persistent and transient efficiency from firm heterogeneity and random noise, respectively. In addition, technical change (TC), returns to scale (RTS) and a scale change (SC) component are also identified. Along with the empirical analysis, an elaborative discussion regarding TC in SFA is provided. The persistent part for manufacturing (service) is 0.796 (0.754) and the transient part is 0.787 (0.762), indicating improvement potentials. Furthermore, TFP change is substantially lower between the years 2007–2013, compared to 1997–2007. This occurs due to a lower technological progress. Policy should, therefore, target interventions that enhance technology. However, care needs to be taken so that policies do not sustain low-productive firms that otherwise would exit the market.
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EJAZ, ABDULLAH, RAMONA BIRAU, CRISTI SPULBAR, RAMONA BUDA und ANDREI COSMIN TENEA. „The impact of domestic portfolio diversification strategies in Toronto stock exchange on Canadian textile manufacturing industry“. Industria Textila 71, Nr. 03 (28.06.2020): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.03.1696.
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The aim of this research study is to examine the impact of domestic portfolio diversification strategies in Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) on Canadian textile manufacturing industry in order to obtain attractive investment opportunities. Dissipation of benefits of globally diversified portfolios due to overwhelming convergence among the international and regional stock markets around the globe have given rebirth to the idea of domestic portfolio diversification particularly after the global financial crisis of 2008. Textile industry in Canada is challenging but can achieve higher performance based on Toronto Stock Exchange behavior. Therefore, this is a complex applied research focused on investigating TSX as standalone stock market for domestic diversification opportunities. For this purpose, correlation coefficients, pairwise cointegration, multiple cointegration and causality of sectors in TSX have been examined. The empirical results show that majority of the sectors in TSX do not share high correlation with each other and they are also not highly cointegrated. These empirical findings indicate that TSX presents attractive opportunities for domestic portfolio diversification.
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Kirkulak, Berna, und Sabri Erdem. „Market value chain efficiency in Turkey: application of DEA to the pre- and post-2001 financial crisis“. EuroMed Journal of Business 9, Nr. 1 (29.04.2014): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-01-2013-0001.
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Purpose – The motivation for this paper stems from the 2001 financial crisis which emerged in the banking industry and spread over the other industries, creating a domino effect. The purpose of this paper is to examine the market efficiency of Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) listed non-financial firms from 2000 through 2002. Design/methodology/approach – A four-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) is developed to measure the performance of firms before and after the 2001 financial crisis. At each stage, production, profitability, marketability and overall efficiencies are measured. Further, Malmquist Productivity Index is applied to compare total factor productivity over time. Findings – The findings show that firms are more efficient at the profitability stage than at other stages. However, the 2001 financial crisis eroded profitability efficiency. Overall, ISE-listed firms experienced diseconomies of scale so that many firms were not able to transform production into sales and therefore earnings efficiently, particularly during the crisis period. Research limitations/implications – The sample is limited to manufacturing companies. All financial firms are excluded from the sample. Originality/value – This paper extends the three-stage market value efficiency process outlined in Zhu (2000) by adding production stage. It proposes four-stage DEA approach to measure production, profitability, marketability and overall efficiency of ISE-listed firms. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there has been no study using four-stage DEA approach for Turkish firms.
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Bagatska, K., T. Batrakova, H. Silakova, N. Klymash und O. Vialets. „The enterprise capital structure management model“. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, Nr. 4 (2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-4/110.
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Purpose. To create management algorithms for the enterprises capital structure and mathematical formalization of optimization of this structure. To investigate the dynamics of changes in the share of profitable enterprises to assess, analyze and forecast changes in the capital structure of homogeneous groups of enterprises. Methodology. Both empirical and theoretical methods of cognition are used to conduct the research. Methods of scientific observation and comparison are used to form the topic of scientific work, goals and objectives of the study. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction are used to determine the essential features of capital structure management. Methods of system structuring and modeling are used to create a mathematical model. The analogy method is used to find the weight factor of the objective function. The axiomatic method and the method of convergence from the abstract to the concrete were used for the practical application of the mathematical model, in particular, to analyze the dynamic index of related companies, stratified by size, industry, and so on. Findings. The dynamics of the preconditions for changing the capital structure is studied, the regularities of this change for groups of homogeneous enterprises are revealed. The uneven influence of the crisis on the approaches to the formation of capital structure in groups of homogeneous enterprises is revealed, and the reasons for this are investigated. The similarity of tendencies of formation of capital structure in groups of inhomogeneous enterprises is pointed out. A correlation was found between the decrease in the share of equity and a significant prevalence of external borrowing with an increase in net loss. Moreover, it is established that enterprises, whose total amount of equity and current liabilities is stable and comparable in size with external borrowing, show a decrease in losses. Originality. Algorithms for capital structure management and a mathematical model for optimizing capital structure are proposed. A method of comparative analysis of changes in capital structure for homogeneous groups of enterprises has been introduced, which provides an opportunity to assess the impact of external risks and crisis factors in the past and predict the necessary changes in capital structure during both the new crisis and after the crisis. Practical value. The developed algorithms and mathematical model can be used in research and management practice to manage capital structure. Useful for different categories of professionals are approaches to the analysis of capital structure, the results of the analysis of the causes of change, the study on trends and their consequences for homogeneous enterprises.
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Chashin, Pavel, Nadezhda Soldatenko und Pavel Kuznetsov. „Development of information support systems for production processes of contractor enterprises through an external electronic archive“. SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600006.
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The main areas of activity of research and manufacturing associations include the creation of knowledge-based military and civilian products. Having unique competencies in the field of creating knowledge-based products for various fields of industry, research and production enterprises together with cooperative enterprises, including contracting partners, for many years have occupied a leading position in the markets of fuel and energy complex and other industries. Over the past five years, many industrial enterprises have gone from a critical decline in production and bankruptcy to a stable increase in work volumes, while the projects in the field of development of information support systems for industrial production processes have become highly demanded in the process of crisis management.
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Chung, Kaie-Chin. „Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process to Supplier Selection and Evaluation in the Hospitality Industry: A Multiobjective Approach“. Acta Oeconomica 65, s2 (Dezember 2015): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.s2.23.
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The present study’s primary objective is to identify contributing factors in selecting and evaluating a seafood supplier within the Taiwanese hospitality industry. It illustrates the application of a multicriteria decision-making process to supplier selection within a service setting where it is less common than in a manufacturing context. To implement the study, a survey instrument was created and submitted to Taiwanese hospitality firms, namely hotels and restaurants, to identify contributing factors in the selection of a seafood supplier within six initial areas concerning food hygiene, stafftraining, crisis management, information technology, competitive ability, and logistics and quality assurance. The analytic hierarchical process (AHP) was then applied to the survey results, and the first- and second-level hierarchical factors were rigorously identified and ranked. These can be regarded as useful benchmarks in identifying and ranking the selection and evaluation of a food supplier within the industry. The present study enhances the understanding of supplier selection in the hospitality industry and provides insights which hospitality firms can apply in managing their supply chains. The managerial and research implications of these findings are discussed.
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Cho, Sulah. „Co-query volume as a proxy for brand relatedness“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, Nr. 4 (14.05.2018): 930–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-04-2017-0154.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to utilize co-query volumes of brands as relatedness measurement to understand the market structure and demonstrate the usefulness of brand relatedness via a real-world case.Design/methodology/approachUsing brand relatedness measurement obtained using data from Google Trends as data inputs into a multidimensional scaling method, the market structure of the automobile industry is presented to reveal its competitive landscape. The relatedness with brands involved in product-harm crisis is further incorporated in empirical models to estimate the influence of crisis on future sales performance of each brand. A representative incident of a product-harm crisis in the automobile industry, which is the 2009 Toyota recall, is investigated. A panel regression analysis is conducted using US and world sales data.FindingsThe use of co-query as brand relatedness measurement is validated. Results indicate that brand relatedness with a brand under crisis is positively associated with future sales for both US and global market. Potential presence of negative spillovers from an affected brand to innocent brands sharing common traits such as same country of origin is shown.Originality/valueThe brand relatedness measured from co-query volumes is considered as a broad concept, which encompasses all associative relationships between two brands perceived by the consumers. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the concept of brand relatedness and proposing a measure with readily accessible data. Compared to previous studies relying on a vast amount of online data, the proposed measure is proven to be efficient and enhance predictions about the future performance of brands in a turbulent market.
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CIRAVEGNA, LUCIANO, und GIULIANO MAIELLI. „OUTSOURCING OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND THE OPENING OF INNOVATION IN MATURE INDUSTRIES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF FIAT DURING CRISIS AND RECOVERY“. International Journal of Innovation Management 15, Nr. 01 (Februar 2011): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919611003088.
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During the 1990s mature industries, such as car manufacturing, restructured their production and innovation processes, changing from vertical integration to high outsourcing. Open innovation is antithetic to vertical integration. Analyzing whether this restructuring influenced the emergence of open innovation is an important step towards improving our understanding of open innovation (Chesbrough and Crowther, 2006). During the 1990s, Fiat, one the largest European car producers, increased the extent to which it involved external firms in new product development (NPD). Unlike its competitors, Fiat outsourced the NPD of core products, resembling the opening of innovation that "radical innovators" implement in high technology industry (Laursen and Salter, 2006, 137). However, it failed to transition towards open innovation because its "opening" to external firms also entailed downsizing in-house NPD divisions, which caused a "hollowing out" of its knowledge (Becker and Zirpoli, 2003). The products developed through this system did not perform well. After a dramatic decline in market shares, Fiat changed its NPD system: it reduced outsourcing of NPD, whilst opening it to customers for the first time. This contributed to the development of highly successful models, which fuelled Fiat's recovery after 2004. The paper explains the Fiat case by looking at the drivers of its organizational changes from a historical perspective. It argues that Fiat's cost-cutting routines, developed because of its intangible specialization in small vehicles, explain why it opened NPD to suppliers but failed to adopt open innovation. The case study is relevant for the study of open innovation because it provides evidence of the relationships between outsourcing and open of innovation in a mature industry that went through a profound process of restructuring during the 1990s.
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Blakyta, H., O. Bogma, O. Bolduieva, V. Lukyanov und I. Shtuler. „Modeling enterprises’ economic security in crisis conditions“. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, Nr. 4 (2021): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-4/116.
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Purpose. To create a mathematical model for assessing, analyzing and forecasting the economic security of the enterprise in a crisis. To create an algorithm for assessing the levels of economic security. Methodology. In the scientific research, the results of which are given in the presented article, general and special methods of cognition were used. The method of logical generalization is used to substantiate the relevance of the topic, purpose and objectives of the study, to determine the essential features of indicators of economic security of the enterprise. The method of comparative analysis, quantitative and qualitative comparison is used to identify an integrated indicator that correlates with the characteristics of economic security and to provide analytical and predictive results of profitability of all activities of the enterprises of the industry and on its separate branches. The method of mathematical formalization is used for the formation of a mathematical model and algorithm for assessing the level of threat to the economic security of the enterprise. Findings. It is proposed to create a mathematical model by integrating individual blocks that use different mathematical approaches. This model is designed for analytical study on various aspects of economic security of the enterprise. Algorithms are proposed for estimating the levels of economic security (critical, dangerous, unsatisfactory, satisfactory, optimal ones) and also determining them using an integrated indicator that characterizes these levels; finding its deterministic, probabilistic and fuzzy components; a step-by-step increase in the relevance of the analysis of the level of economic security. It is also proposed to compare the effects of the crisis on enterprises in different industries and to gradually calculate integrated indicators in the areas of economic security for a homogeneous group of enterprises selected by industry, size and region. This provides an opportunity to see more broadly the threats and depth of the crisis and to implement measures to neutralize its consequences more effectively. Originality. The mathematical model for assessing and forecasting the economic security of enterprises in crisis conditions has been created. It is proposed to conduct a permanent rapid analysis and forecast of the impact of the crisis on the economic security of the enterprise using a standardized integrated index of economic security. An algorithm of step-by-step increase in relevance of the analysis of the level of economic security is introduced. Practical value. The developed mathematical apparatus can be used both for scientific research on various aspects of economic security of enterprises, and for practical purposes to predict the impact of the consequences of the economic crisis and implement measures to prevent them. Using this mathematical apparatus, the analysis and forecast of profitability of industrial enterprises as a whole and by its individual branches were carried out. The results of this analysis can be used by the management of small, medium and large enterprises to develop production plans in a crisis.
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Sajad, Ebrahimi, Ghaderi Omid und Bayat Saeed. „Differences in Exchange Rate Effects on Production Growth: the Case of Iranian Industries“. Studies in Business and Economics 15, Nr. 3 (01.12.2020): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0042.
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Abstract There has been a long debate about whether exchange rate depreciation promotes output growth or not. In this context, we use Iran’s foreign exchange market which has had large fluctuations in recent years. Since the exchange rate influence on industries’ activity through different mechanisms, we examine the exchange rate effects in the industry level. To do this, the Iranian manufacturing industries data at 4-digit ISIC level are used from 2011 to 2017. The results of GMM dynamic panel data estimations show that the effects of real exchange rate depreciation on average, are positive in the non-crisis periods. But this relationship does not remain valid in a currency crisis conditions. Accordingly, depreciation does not have any positive effects during the currency crisis. Also, estimation results indicate the exchange rate volatility negatively affects industrial production in all periods. Our findings confirm that due to different characteristics of industries, the effects of exchange rate on production vary among them. So, export orientation, access to the preferential rate and higher level of raw material inventory amplify the positive effect of the real depreciation while import dependency and a higher level of final goods inventory fade the effect and turn into negative in some industries.
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Das, Patrick, Robert Verburg, Alexander Verbraeck und Lodewijk Bonebakker. „Barriers to innovation within large financial services firms“. European Journal of Innovation Management 21, Nr. 1 (08.01.2018): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-03-2017-0028.
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Purpose Since the 2008 financial crisis, the financial industry is in need of innovation to increase stability and improve quality of services. The purpose of this paper is to explore internal barriers that influence the effectiveness of projects within large financial services firms focussing on potentially disruptive and radical innovations. While literature has generally focused on barriers within traditional technology and manufacturing firms, few researchers have identified barriers for these type of firms. Design/methodology/approach A framework of internal barriers was developed and validated by means of an explorative case study. Data were collected at a European bank by exploring how innovation is organized and what barriers influence effectiveness of eight innovation projects. Findings Six items were identified as key barrier for potentially disruptive and radical innovations (e.g. traditional risk-avoidance focus, and inertia caused by systems architecture). As such, in the sample these were more important than traditionally defined barriers such as sources of finance, and lacking exploration competences. Research limitations/implications Based on a small number of projects within one firm, the results highlight the need for more in-depth research on the effects of barriers and how barriers can be overcome within this industry. Originality/value The results show that there is a discrepancy between the societal demand for radical change within the financial industry and the ability of large financial services firms to innovate. The study identifies which unique internal barriers hamper potentially disruptive and radical innovation in large financial services firms.
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Kinkel, Steffen, Oliver Kleine und Janis Diekmann. „Interlinkages and paths of German factories' manufacturing and R&D strategies in China“. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 25, Nr. 2 (25.02.2014): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-09-2013-0125.
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Purpose – As a consequence of the sluggish growth in Europe caused by the Euro-crisis, many German companies are currently expanding their manufacturing and innovation activities in fast-growing China – or intend to do so. The paper aims to provide new practical and theoretical insights on how German manufacturing companies are readjusting and further developing their production and innovation strategies in China and which future paths they plan to follow to make the most out of their foreign factories in this market. Design/methodology/approach – Based on in-depth interviews with the top management of 18 German manufacturing companies in China, this paper analyzes the present state, interlinkages and future development paths of their local manufacturing and innovation strategies, employing Ferdows' framework of foreign factory roles. Findings – The authors find that up to now most of the surveyed factories represent an additional type of an advanced server factory, characterized by a “Chinese gap” in new product development (NPD) and basic innovations. Based on that the authors propose five guiding principles on how foreign factories in China can cope with the upcoming challenges in China and make the most of their local strategies. Originality/value – The research provides unexpected insights of a high strategic relevance for practitioners currently engaged in optimising their global production and innovation footprint. It challenges established frameworks on foreign production and innovation modes by comparing them to the established practice of frontrunner companies from key sectors of the German manufacturing industry.
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Lepore, Dominique, Alessandra Micozzi und Francesca Spigarelli. „Industry 4.0 Accelerating Sustainable Manufacturing in the COVID-19 Era: Assessing the Readiness and Responsiveness of Italian Regions“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 5 (02.03.2021): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052670.
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An unpredictable shock hit the Italian economy in February 2020 when the spread of the COVID-19 virus began in Italy and other countries worldwide. In this context, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies can be a fundamental tool for economic recovery by favouring the shift towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the readiness of countries for I4.0 in order to guide policies in defining incentives to promote I4.0 and unlock its potential in the pandemic era. In this context, the paper aims to understand the readiness and responsiveness of the Italian Regions with respect to I4.0 concepts prior to the pandemic and identify best practices that are supporting companies in I4.0 adoption, with a focus on those incentivizing sustainable practices. An assessment framework before the pandemic is provided based on two dimensions: the readiness of firms to invest in I4.0 and favourable structural conditions. The assessment shows a group of alert regions as opposed to a group of unprepared, mostly linked Northern and Southern differences. Assuming that the “alert regions” are more likely to effectively manage and overcome the post- COVID-19 crisis, we provide a picture of how the Italian Regions have sought to encourage the adoption of digital technologies to improve resilience after the shock. The analysis shows that supporting measures mainly address Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Furthermore, the tenders encouraging the adoption of I4.0 suggest that collaboration among stakeholders will become imperative.
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Radić, Nikola, Vlado Radić und Mirjana Stevanović. „Economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the automobile industry“. Oditor 6, Nr. 3 (2020): 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor2003055r.
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The economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic is evident in many sectors, from service to manufacturing, leading to a synchronized shutdown of an industry not seen since World War II. The pandemic has enormous social, economic and political consequences. It will undoubtedly be marked as a watershed moment in modern history and will cause a change in the lifestyle we have known for the last few decades. In addition to being one of the greatest crises in our civilization in shock, scale and depth, the pandemic has caused many problems for vehicle manufacturers. Broken supply chains, cessation of production, shutting down factories, layoffs and declining interest and customer demand are circumstances that are driving the automotive industry into a deeper recession. The aim of the paper is to point out the consequences that the coronavirus pandemic will have on the automotive sector, as well as to identify the deficiencies of the planning system, the lack of risk management and emergency management by analyzing the basic elements o f the supply chain.
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Заріцька, Надія М. „АНАЛІЗ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛЕГКОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ“. Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 141, Nr. 6 (14.07.2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2019.6.3.
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The article presents the results of external analysis of consumer goods sector in Ukraine, one of the largest in Europe which offers a wide range of products: fabrics, garments and knitwear, shoes, hosiery items, natural and artificial fur, leather goods, garment accessories, porcelain, etc. which to a great extent underpins the socioeconomic situation in the society and the state of the national security. However, in recent years the Ukrainian consumer goods industry is facing a large-scale protracted systemic crisis that translates into the ongoing manufacturing decline in major products; the domestic market is almost 90% filled with illegally imported goods and products; at the same time, up to 80% of domestically produced goods are exported onto foreign markets (mainly the European ones). An emphasis is put on critical importance of consumer goods industry in the Ukrainian economy since it contributes to creating new jobs, enhancing the domestic products competitiveness and increasing fiscal inflows to state and local budgets, etc. To assist management entities in their goal setting, the study employs a structured logical framework of a cognitive analysis of the consumer goods market to explore the relationships and interactions within the external and internal environment, as well as identifies the key economic, legal, technological and sociocultural factors of environmental effects on consumer manufacturing performance in Ukraine. Based on the PEST analysis results, weighted estimates to assess the macroeconomic environment factors of consumer goods industry have been provided using a proposed scale with regard to each factor significance indices, since for each of the four groups a different number of these factors have been determined.
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Yun, Jinhyo, EuiSeob Jeong, YoungKyu Lee und KyungHun Kim. „The Effect of Open Innovation on Technology Value and Technology Transfer: A Comparative Analysis of the Automotive, Robotics, and Aviation Industries of Korea“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 7 (13.07.2018): 2459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072459.
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With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the Korean industrial environment has been rapidly changing. As a result, several industries are facing different innovation conditions, including: the automotive industry, which is a traditional manufacturing industry in Korea; the aerospace industry, which has been vertically integrated, and has been led by a single large company—Korea Aerospace Industries—since Korea went through an economic crisis in the 1990s; and the robotics industry, which is currently emerging. This study used parameters related to patents originating from the automobile, robotics, and aerospace fields. The patents subjected to analysis were those registered in Korea from 2001 to 2014, and included those that were applied for, jointly applied for, or registered by Korean companies. This study analyzed the differences caused by the effect of open innovation in the three industries. According to our results, first, the three industries experienced different effects of open innovation. Second, when large companies controlled a given industry, open innovation either worked a little or did not work at all. According to this research result, the Korean robotics industry, which has a weak dominance of large companies, experienced a strong effect of open innovation, in that joint patent applications led to economic gains from the patents and an increase in technology transfer and technology value. The aerospace industry of Korea, which has the highest dominance of large companies, experienced a slight effect of open innovation, as the effect of joint patent application only improved the technology value. Finally, the automotive industry of Korea had an intermediate level of open innovation, between the aerospace and robotics sectors.
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Zhu, Peiqing, und Jianbo Song. „The Role of Internal Control in Firms’ Coping with the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from China“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 11 (02.06.2021): 6294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116294.
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Internal control plays a role in risk prevention for firms when dealing with serious emergencies, which ensures the sustainable development of firms during a crisis. Based on the rapid outbreak of COVID-19 in China, this paper empirically tests whether internal control alleviates the negative impact of the pandemic on firm performance. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from the first quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2020 and employing the difference-in-difference (DID) method, we find that the firms with a higher quality of internal control achieve better financial performance during the pandemic period; the more serious the pandemic is, the more obvious effect internal control plays. Furthermore, we consider the industry heterogeneity and firm heterogeneity of the risk resistance effect of internal control. In the manufacturing industry, which is a “disaster zone” of the pandemic, and the non-high-tech industry with a low degree of digitization, internal control can play a more important role in firms’ performance. Moreover, for state-owned enterprises, and firms with strong financing constraints, the role of internal control is more prominent. The above results provide empirical evidence for the risk prevention function of internal control and shed new light on the measures for firms to resist emergencies in the future.
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Tse, Ying Kei, Minhao Zhang, Bob Doherty, Paul Chappell und Philip Garnett. „Insight from the horsemeat scandal“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 116, Nr. 6 (11.07.2016): 1178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-10-2015-0417.
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Purpose – Social media has become an important part of daily interpersonal communication in contemporary society. The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes of UK consumers by identifying the hidden information in tweets, and provide a framework which can assist industry practitioners in managing social media data. Design/methodology/approach – Using a large-scale dataset of tweets relating to the Horsemeat scandal of 2013, a comprehensive data analysis framework, which comprises multidimensional scaling and sentiment analysis, alongside other methods, was applied to explore customers’ opinions. Findings – Making jokes in social media was a main trend in the tweets relating to Tesco during the Horsemeat scandal. Consumer sentiments were overall negative and burgers were the most mentioned product in the week-long period after the story broke. The posting of tweets was correlated with the timing of news coverage, which indicates that the traditional media is still crucial to public opinion formation. Practical implications – This paper presents a progressive tweet-mining framework that can serve as a tool for academia and practitioners in crisis management. The proposed framework indicates the significant importance of timely categorising the topics, identifying the sentiment of tweets and understanding the changes of consumer opinions over time in a crisis. Originality/value – The research presented in this paper is one of the limited social media research to focus on a UK food fraud issue and adds to the limited body of literature investigating consumer social media use from the side of industry practitioners.
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Strang, Kenneth David. „Nonparametric Correspondence Analysis of Global Risk Management Techniques“. International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 1, Nr. 3 (Juli 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2012070101.
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This study presents 211 program managers that were interviewed from around the globe to explore the nature of the relationship between portfolio risk management and the functional discipline where it was applied. The purpose was to identify multidisciplinary best-practices in light of the recent global crises and natural disasters. Open-ended questions were asked to avoid limiting responses to survey choices as well as to capture emerging routines. The participants were from 15 companies around the world with high annual earnings-per-share (listed on the New York Stock Exchange). A mixed-method design was used, employing correspondence analysis in SPSS to estimate the quality of the relationship between the applied techniques versus industry disciplines. A significant symmetric model of portfolio risk management techniques was plotted, dimensioned by five distinct methods across six functional disciplines. The prototype revealed unexpected relationships such as the use of nonlinear techniques in manufacturing and statistical procedures in the human resource/labor management field.
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Manello, Alessandro, und Giuseppe Giulio Calabrese. „Firm’s survival, rating and efficiency: new empirical evidence“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 117, Nr. 6 (10.07.2017): 1185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2016-0102.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of firms’ survival during crisis in the Italian automotive value chain. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a survival analysis, based on a dichotomic model, in which supply chain features, technical efficiency (TE) and ratings are included as explanatory variables with other controls. Findings TE and financial health positively influence survival. Some supply chain variables are significant such as direct supply, geographical location and outsourcing level, whereas the proximity to the national carmaker is insignificant. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the study is the lack of qualitative data related to supply management practice in the automotive industry. Originality/value The study combine supply chain aspects with firms’ survival, TE and financial ratings.
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Wang, Chia-Nan, Hector Tibo und Hong Anh Nguyen. „Malmquist Productivity Analysis of Top Global Automobile Manufacturers“. Mathematics 8, Nr. 4 (14.04.2020): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8040580.
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The automobile industry is one of the largest economies in the world, by revenue. Being one of the industries with higher employment output, this has become a major determinant of economic growth. In view of the declining automobile production after a period of continuous growth in the 2008 global auto crisis, the re-evaluation of automobile manufacturing is necessary. This study applies the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), one of the many models in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to analyze the performance of the world’s top 20 automakers over the period of 2015–2018. The researchers assessed the technical efficiency, technological progress, and the total factor productivity of global automobile manufacturers, using a variety of input and output variables which are considered to be essential financial indicators, such as total assets, shareholder’s equity, cost of revenue, operating expenses, revenue, and net income. The results show that the most productive automaker on average is Volkswagen, followed by Honda, BAIC, General Motors, and Suzuki. On the contrary, Mitsubishi and Tata Motors were the worst-performing automakers during the studied period. This study provides a general overview of the global automobile industry. This paper can be a valuable reference for car managers, policymakers, and investors, to aid their decision-making on automobile management, investment, and development. This research is also a contribution to organizational performance measurement, using the DEA Malmquist model.
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Bjarnadóttir, Sóllilja, Inga Rún Sæmundsdóttir, Sigrún Ólafsdóttir, Þorvarður Árnason und Guðbjörg Andrea Jónsdóttir. „Hefur umhverfisvitund aukist? Viðhorf Íslendinga til umhverfismála og stóriðju 1987-2017“. Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 17, Nr. 1 (21.06.2021): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2021.17.1.3.
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The significance of environmental issues in the Icelandic public debate has increased in recent decades. Until now, it has not been possible to empirically examine whether this increased debate reflects a development towards a change in attitudes among the Icelandic public. The data from the Icelandic National Election Study (ICENES) shows an apparent long-term change in attitudes towards environmental issues over the past thirty years (1987-2017). Here, we analyze the results of two questions from ICENES. Firstly, we investigate attitudes concerning whether environmental issues should take precedence over efforts to increase economic growth, and, secondly, views on whether the government should place great or little emphasis on heavy industry. Similar changes are seen over time; the proportion of those who want to prioritize environmental issues increases year by year (with one exception immediately after the economic crisis), and the proportion of those who want the government to emphasize heavy industry decreases. The last survey (2017) found that 65% of respondents prioritized environmental issues above economic growth, and 80% wanted the government to place little emphasis on heavy industry. People who identified with a left political party where more likely to emphasize environmental issues whereas those who identified with a right political party where more likely to emphasize heavy industry.
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El-Khalil, Raed. „Simulation analysis for managing and improving productivity“. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 26, Nr. 1 (02.02.2015): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-03-2013-0024.
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Purpose – The current economic crisis increased the demand on management to improve process efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to identify and resolve inefficiencies within the car assembly system utilizing discrete simulation modeling and analysis in order to improve productivity at one of the original equipment manufacturers (OEM) body shops in North America. Design/methodology/approach – This research was driven by a manager’s recommendation from one of the Big Three (GM, Ford, Chrysler LLC) companies in order to improve operational performance. The data utilized in creating the simulation model was obtained from one of the assembly facilities that produce three different vehicles over a period of one year. All model simulation, inputs and outputs were discussed and agreed upon by facility management. Findings – The established base model was verified and validated to mimic the actual facility outputs indicating all process bottlenecks. Two model scenarios were considered: the first scenario focussed on the top bottleneck processes flexibility with a ROI of 497 percent, while the second considered changing the model mix percentage leading to a cost improvement of $1.6 million/annually. Research limitations/implications – The model only considered management decision on buffer sizes, batch size and the top bottleneck station alternatives to make improvements. Simulating improvements in labor efficiency, robots uptime, scrap root cause, and maintenance response to downtime where not considered. Practical implications – This paper indicated the importance of discrete simulation modeling in providing alternatives for improving process efficiency under certain financial limitations. Given the similarity of the automotive manufacturing processes among the various companies, the findings for this particular facility remain valid for other facilities. Originality/value – Investment cost and process improvement are currently the two biggest challenges facing operations managers in the manufacturing industry. This study allows managers to gain a broader perspective on discrete simulation ability to simulate complicated systems and present different process improvement alternatives.
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Tsai, Terence, Shaohua Lu, Gary Liu und Shubo Liu. „Beijing Tianyu Communications: Winning in the 3G Era“. Asian Case Research Journal 17, Nr. 01 (Juni 2013): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927513500053.
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As emerging markets such as mainland China grew to be vital for the global commercial players, leading mobile telecommunication giants increasingly turned to China for opportunities. China's fast-expanding mobile telecommunication market became a throat-cutting battlefield for both international and local players. Among these competitors, Rong Xiuli's Tianyu had the local advantages. In order to sustain Tianyu's hardearned success, Rong decided to upgrade Tianyu brand and firmly secure a foothold in the 3G era. In 2002, Rong Xiuli closed Beijing Benephon, the then largest distributor of Samsung Mobile Phone in the Chinese market, and established Beijing Tianyu Communication Equipment Co. Ltd (hereinafter referred to as “Tianyu”) entering the handset manufacturing industry. Despite the growing pains in the beginning, Tianyu eventually went ahead of other domestic mobile phone manufacturers. In 2008, Tianyu reached a sales volume of 24 million mobile phones and a market share of more than 6%, ranking after Nokia, Samsung, and Motorola in the Chinese mobile phone market. A transition from the second generation (2G) communication technologies to the third generation (3G), however, was initiated at the end of 2008. Mobile phone manufacturers responded by investing heavily on technology upgrades. 3G also elevated the position of telecommunication operators in the industry value chain. As such, Tianyu's advantage in the 2G market could not necessarily guarantee its success in the 3G market. Adding to the uncertainties, demands for 2G mobile phone dropped sharply due to the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. Despite the oppositions from many colleagues, Rong Xiuli launched a campaign to win the 3G market, reconfiguring almost all the resources to the new business. The case describes Tianyu's success in the 2G mobile phone market and its entry into the 3G market.
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Mytelka, Lynn K. „Le capitalisme fondé sur la connaissance et le changement dans les stratégies des entreprises industrielles“. Études internationales 14, Nr. 3 (12.04.2005): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701538ar.
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This paper explores the changing nature of contemporary capital accumulation focusing in particular on the increasing importance of knowledge inputs in the production process. The growing knowledge-intensity of production reflected in the role of design, research and development, marketing, management and advertising in the growth strategy of the firm, has had numerous consequences for the nature of competition amongst firms and for the internationalization of production. As increased knowledge-intensity of production gave rise to ever more rapid technological change in industry, the need for greater flexibility in production and labour processes became acute, more so as the global economic crisis deepened and competition from newly industrializing countries rose. Automation and sub-contracting were important new strategies. So too was the segmentation and delocalization of production processes to cheap labour countries in the Third World and Eastern Europe. More recently, as the costs and risks involved in R&D escalated, large corporations have also begun to decentralize knowledge production itself by funding research and development activities outside the MNC, and by internationalizing knowledge production itself through the establishment of research laboratories abroad or the implementation of a System of world product mandates for selected manufacturing subsidiaries.
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Jaiswal, Mayank, und Robert Maxwell. „The trials and tribulations of JTH Inc.“ CASE Journal 15, Nr. 2 (30.03.2019): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-06-2018-0065.
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Theoretical basis The theoretical linkages are with dynamic nature of PESTEL analysis, Porter’s five forces, resource-based view of the firm and characteristics of an entrepreneur. Research methodology The names of the institutions and individuals involved have been disguised. However, the material facts of the case are authentic. Case overview/synopsis This case discusses strategy in the context of a crisis situation in a small business. JTH Inc. was a computer subcontract manufacturing (SCM) firm serving the New England region of the USA. The influx of international competition (mainly from China) due to recession led to significant challenges for JTH and the SCM industry. JTH was struggling and the situation was further complicated by the founder’s (Robert Maxwell) personal and emotional situation. Robert had to decide whether to keep the business running, close it down, merge with/be acquired by a competitor, innovate the business model or do something else. Complexity academic level This case is designed to target undergraduate students of Strategic Management; it may also include Entrepreneurship students. It should most probably be taught in the first half of the course after concepts such as PESTEL, Porter and resource-based view of the firm have been taught.
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Stenton, Marie, Joseph A. Houghton, Veronika Kapsali und Richard S. Blackburn. „The Potential for Regenerated Protein Fibres within a Circular Economy: Lessons from the Past Can Inform Sustainable Innovation in the Textiles Industry“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 4 (21.02.2021): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042328.
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Humanity is currently facing a crisis of excess, with a growing population and the trend towards disposable goods, and the world’s resources are under tremendous pressure. This is especially evident in the textiles industry, with increasing consumer numbers and the trend of ‘fast fashion’ causing demand to be at an all-time high, with non-renewable feedstocks depleting and production of natural fibres also under strain. Considering the future of textile production, it can be beneficial to investigate our past for inspiration towards more sustainable approaches. Much of the research into regenerated protein fibres was performed out of necessity during wartime, and while this demonstrates the potential for food waste to be exploited as a resource, the manufacturing methods used at the time now present issues for a circular economy due to the high amounts of toxic waste produced. Using a range of historical and modern literature sources, including journal articles, patents and conference papers, this review presents the historical precedent and research performed into azlons, regenerated fibres produced from waste protein-rich materials. Historical evidence shows that the success of these azlon fibres was short-lived, partly due to negative associations with deprivation and hardship, alongside the emergence of alternative man-made fibres, which were devoid of these connotations with never-before-seen physical properties. The social and political climate leading to the creation, and ultimate demise, of azlons is explored along with the influence of evolving technologies and the marketing of these textile products to consumers. Although the creation of products from waste is not a new concept, the literature has identified that the synergy between the challenges faced in a time of resource scarcity and the current trend of problematic excess reveals an exciting opportunity to learn from our past to create a greener future. Lessons that could help with the current crisis within the textile industry are extracted and presented within the concept of a circular textiles economy. Our findings show that there is notable potential for one regenerated protein fibre, made from casein extracted from milk waste, to be manufactured within a localised, circular economy in conjunction with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable textiles technology.
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Perevozova, I. „Analysis and forecast of production and utilization of industrial waste in Ukraine“. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, Nr. 2 (2021): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/131.
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Purpose. To analyze the situation with the generation, utilization and accumulation of industrial wastes, to develop the mathematical model of forecasting and, using this model, to identify the main trends in forming and accumulating waste for next years and current threats. Methodology. In the scientific research presented in the article, general and special methods of cognition were applied. For the use of the indicated methods complex approach was applied. Complex use of methods of regular supervision, comparative analysis, content analysis, and logical generalization, quantitative and qualitative comparison allowed not only determining the range of industries that make a major contribution to the formation of existing industrial wastes, but also proving that the main polluter is the extractive industry. Complex use of methods of scientific abstraction and mathematical formalization allowed not only creating a mathematical model for the formation of forecasts for industrial wastes for subsequent periods but also strengthening their relevance by highlighting the colored noise and predicting trends in the coming years. Findings. The results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the annual increase in industrial waste by industries prove the mono-sectoral impact on the formation of the crisis situation. Threats have been detected of multiplicative year-on-year growth of waste accumulated during operation in specially designated places and facilities and annual growth of accumulation of dangerous industrial waste of IIII classes. The created mathematical model allowed carrying out forecasting of volumes of formation and utilization of industrial waste. Due to this, further analytical studies have shown that the volume of waste generation in recent years is twenty times as much as the volumes of disposal. There has also been a catastrophic decrease in the rate of dangerous waste disposal and outpacing the growth of total waste accumulation. Originality. As a result of the analysis, it is found that the trend of recent years to increase waste generation has been formed due to the extractive industry and quarry development. Threats of a crisis situation formation as a result of the reduction of dangerous waste utilization and the multiplicative year-on-year growth of the total accumulated wastes have been established. During the research, a mathematical model was developed for the analysis of waste generation and utilization and forecasting of their volumes. Practical value. The results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the annual increase in the volume of industrial wastes by industries prove the mono-sectoral impact on forming of the crisis situation. The application of the developed mathematical model of forecasting of volumes of waste formation and utilization provides new opportunities for the analysis of the situation and introduction of advanced methods of waste management.
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Bekiaris, Michalis, und Georgios Papachristou. „Corporate and accounting fraud: Types, causes and fraudster’s business profile“. Corporate Ownership and Control 15 (2017): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i1c2p15.
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Fraud costs economy, businesses, investors and society more than $3 trillion every year. It is a serious problem that, after a series of corporate and accounting scandals, has recently received considerable attention. This essay reviews fraud concept and presents the main fraud schemes and causes that lead people to unethical behavior. We describe fraudster’s personal characteristics and discuss fraud evolution from 2004 to 2016, according to the Association of Fraud Examiners’ Reports to the Nations. This research is one of the few to focus on fraudster’s business profile using a weighted measure of impact in terms of likelihood. In this way, we contribute to the existing fraud literature providing useful information to professionals and academics to further explore firms’ internal environment characteristics that may affect fraudulent behavior. We find that asset misappropriation is the most frequent fraud scheme even if fraudulent financial statement is the most costly. Banking is the industry suffering the most from fraud after 2008; manufacturing experienced the most fraud cases before the financial crisis begins. Owners or executives generate the most high-impact fraud scandals, even if employees commit fraud more frequently. People working more than ten years at a corporation trigger the most severe damage as they have access to valuable information and have gained enough trust to overlap internal controls. Individuals between 41-60 years old seem to generate more damage reflecting their position and tenure within the organization. Our results show that organizational ethical culture and ethical “tone at the top” promoting and encouraging moral attitude are salient for fraud prevention.
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Alikord, Mahsa, und E. Molaee-aghaee. „Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis and Food Safety System: A Literature Review“. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, Nr. 06 (07.08.2021): 18206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.101.20795.
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The new outbreak as unknown pneumonia that occurred in Wuhan province of China in December 2019, is a new coronavirus from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and has been termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that usually cause respiratory illness. Since food plays an essential role in human health as an integral part of human life, food safety is critical in such cases. It is essential to adopt practical strategies in controlling the COVID-19 crisis. Also, extreme economic consequences and threats to human health were imposed in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019-2021. Some studies have been published by World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Food and Drug Administration (FDA); however, there is little information about food safety and COVID-19. Although COVID-19 transmission routes through food are not currently known, contamination through contaminated food and environmental surfaces cannot be ignored, especially in manufacturing companies, restaurants, and communities that are unsanitary. Nevertheless, World Health Organization precautions on good hygiene when preparing food, and recommends effective management of food safety during COVID-19. In food safety, COVID-19 is known as a potential risk through food especially in restaurants and industrial areas. There have been very few studies on the relationship between food safety and COVID- 19. Studies have shown that COVID-19 can survive longer than MERS-CoV in food stored at 4 °C. In the current situation, several methods are used to disinfect and control the spread of COVID-19 disease, some of which are not effective and can also have problems and limitations. Heat treatment, pasteurization, UV light-based, and chemical disinfectants can be ways to prevent COVID-19 probable transmission. The temperatures (30 or 40 °C) reduced the survival time of HCoVs on the inanimate surfaces. The cooking processes (70 °C) are effective in inactivating the virus in food. SARS-CoVs were inactivated by exposure to ultraviolet (254 nm) for 1 to 6 min with an increase of up to 400-fold. Also, usage of disinfectants can be effective for inanimate surfaces. This review summarizes the available data related to some topics and methods to inactivate COVID-19 and the role and importance of the food industry and food supply chain during the pandemic.
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Hao, Hao, und Bian Zhun. „Research on Supplier Collaborative Product Development Mechanism under Condition of Manufacturing Outsourcing“. Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (Januar 2011): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.25.
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The pressure of financial turmoil and global competition drive domestic manufacturers to seek additional profit space besides low-cost labor and raw materials so that they could gain more competitive strength than the other companies in the world. The article maintains that in the manufacturing outsourcing environment domestic manufacturers could effectively reduce cost, shorten R&D cycle time and improve product quality in the manner of collaborative product development with outsourcing suppliers. With supply chain management and synergy theory, the article makes analysis of the definition for supplier collaboration, and then summarizes main activities of collaborative product development including specification, concept design, detail design and product design. Meanwhile, collaborative product development shall satisfy 6 key preconditions. Based on this, the article brings forwards the mechanism of collaborative product development, which is concerned with 5 phased key activities and collaborative manner from customer requirement to initial operational testing. Eventually, predict that collaborative mechanism need to be further analyzed under industry background From the beginning of the 21st century, the variation of macroscopic and microscopic environment that the global industrial field has faced was far fiercer and much more difficult to forecast than ever before. Now mass manufacture can only be accomplished by close cooperate with outsourcing partners, because of the new globalized manufacture network is becoming more and more digitized, decentralized, virtualized, intellectualized and agile. In last few decades, Chinese production has won innumerable outsourcing orders by the advantage in low cost and flexibility, which built a solid foundation of the trade surplus of China. However, in the past two years, because of the financial crisis, RMB appreciation, prices of raw material shy rocketed, and the rigorous quality and service requirement which customers always asked, the profit margin of Chinese manufacturing businesses become much smaller than ever. If these manufacturing companies keep going as before, the existing advantage they have would be soon eroded. Therefore, from ideality of supply collaborative, if these outsourcing companies can build a close relationship actively with their supplies who could significantly affect the total cost of these outsourcing companies, by using the advantages and experience these supplies have, they can design products cooperatively, save cost from the beginning, shot the development stage, and create a significant positive impact on the price and quality of the end products of these outsourcing companies
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Fatai Adedoyin, Festus, Phillips O. Agboola, Ilhan Ozturk, Festus Victor Bekun und Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola. „Environmental consequences of economic complexities in the EU amidst a booming tourism industry: Accounting for the role of brexit and other crisis events“. Journal of Cleaner Production 305 (Juli 2021): 127117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127117.
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