Dissertationen zum Thema „Manipulation du champ optique“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Manipulation du champ optique" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Brissinger, Damien. „Étude et manipulation de modes résonants en champ proche optique“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678449.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrissinger, Damien. „Etude et manipulation de modes résonnants en champ proche optique“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrabielle, Stéphanie. „Manipulation et caractérisation du champ électrique optique: applications aux impulsions femtosecondes“. Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/68/02/93/PDF/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with femtosecond pulse shaping and temporal characterization. The originality of the work resides in the proposed approach in which metrology plays the essential role. The thesis' first part addresses the problem of the theoretical and experimental limitations of short pulse shaping via an Acousto-Optic Programmable Dispersive Filter (AOPDF). A detailed and accurate analysis of the device was performed by spectral interferometry to determine its precision. An essential step in this work consisted in characterizing the precision available through spectral interferometry beforehand. A systematic study of the precision of first to fourth-order polynomial phases generated with the AOPDF was then undertaken. The main factors responsible for the observed discrepancies between the programmed and applied phases are presented and discussed. A method is proposed to correct them. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of three different pulse characterization techniques: a reference one, " Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-field Reconstruction " (SPIDER) and two others developed during the thesis: " Local Spectral Compression " (LSC) and " Self-Referenced Spectral Interferometry " (SRSI). The precision of the measurement of quadratic and cubic phases generated with the AOPDF was determined for each method. All of these precisions were compared with each other. Pulses were also compressed to their Fourier limit using a feedback loop between the LSC device and an AOPDF first, and secondly the SRSI device and an AOPDF. Finally, each technique's advantages and limitations are discussed
Grabielle, Stéphanie. „Manipulation et caractérisation du champ électrique optique: applications aux impulsions femtosecondes“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00680293.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMitiche, Sarra. „Plasmonique, un outil pour l'ingénierie du champ électromagnétique aux petites échelles : Manipulation du champ proche optique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt nanometer scale, the metallic particles exhibit new optical properties related to the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. A plasmon resonance is a collective and coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons at a metallic nanoparticle surface under an external electromagnetic field. The resonance wavelength and the spatial distribution of the associated electromagnetic field depend on the nanoparticle characteristics (size, shape and chemical nature), the surrounding dielectric medium and the illumination geometry.The excitation of surface plasmons generates local electromagnetic fields of high intensity located at specific points of the nanoparticle called "hot spots". The light is miniaturized and confined in sub-wavelength areas (<20 nm). The ability to produce and control hot spots holds great promise for a large range of applications from information technology to renewable energies and biomedicine. This thesis highlights the possibility of generating and manipulating hot spots in nanostructures throughout the particle geometry or/and the configuration and wavelength of the exciting light. To do this, the optical response of various metallic nano-objects of different geometries and sizes, taken individually: cube, prism ... or in groups: dimer, chain ... are studied by PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM), a non-intrusive and high resolution (20 nm) mapping technique allowing a selective addressing of plasmons modes. In addition to this experimental investigation, the search for a specific optical near-field distribution is also carried out using group theory. We developed an original theoretical method allowing to predict in a few minutes the plasmonic response of a 2D or 3D particle, of finite or infinite symmetry, alone or in dimer, from the object and exciting field symmetries. In parallel, numerical simulations using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) have been carried out
Pin, Christophe. „Piégeage et manipulation d'objets colloïdaux à l'aide de structures photoniques en silicium intégrées dans des puces optofluidiques“. Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNear-field optical forces arise from evanescent electromagnetic fields, such as in the near-field of photonic waveguides and nanocavities where light is highly confined. These contactless forces can be advantageously used to trap and manipulate micro- and nano-objects in solution. This thesis aims at studying these intriguing interactions and investigating their potential applications. The first chapter is an introduction to the fields of colloidal systems and optical trapping, more especially using near-field optical forces. The second chapter presents the experimental setup and the process used to fabricate optofluidic chips with microfluidic channels. The trapping potential experienced by 2 $µm$, 1 $µm$, and 500 $nm$ microbeads at the surface of a photonic nanocavity is studied in the third chapter. Our results lead to the concept of optofluidic near-field optical microscopy. In the fourth chapter, we study the dynamics and the manipulation of trapped microbeads clusters in fluidic flows. The last chapter focuses on the trapping and the manipulation of microbeads at the surface of waveguides using copropagating modes
Renaut, Claude. „Nanopinces optiques sur puce pour la manipulation de particules diélectriques“. Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOn chips optical nanocavities have become useful tools for trapping and manipulation of colloidal objects. In this thesis we study the nanocavities as building blocks for optical forces, trapping and handling of particles. Proof of concept of trapping dielectric microspheres appears as the starting point of the development of lab on chip. In the first chapter we go through the literature of optical forces in free space and integrated optics. The second chapter presents the experimental tools for the characterization of nanocavities and the set-up developed to perform optical measurements with the colloidal particles. The third chapter describes the proof-of-concept trapping of polystyrene particles of 500 nm, 1 and 2 µm. In the following chapter we analyze the particle trapping as function of the injected power into the cavities. The chapter five gives some examples of the possibilities of particles handling functions with coupled cavities. Eventually, in the last chapter we show assemblies of particles on different geometry of cavities studied in this thesis
Ferreyrol, Franck. „Manipulation de champs quantiques mésoscopiques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585534.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLévêque, Gaëtan. „Manipulation d'atomes froids par champs optiques confinés : théorie et simulation numérique“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCavatore, Etienne. „Microscopie optique appliquée à la micro-manipulation par pinces magnétiques à haute résolution et à la visualisation de nano-objets métalliques“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627431.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBen, Messaoud Tahar. „Effet laser en microcavités symétriques et asymétriques à base de polymère luminescent“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYang, Xingyu. „Manipulating the inverse Faraday effect at the nanoscale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLight-induced magnetism describes the effect where a material is magnetized by an optical pulse. In transparent materials, optically-induced magnetization can be realized directly by circularly polarized light. Sometimes, in metallic materials, this type of magnetization also exists due to the microscopic solenoidal path of electrons driven by circularly polarized light. In some cases, the light creates macroscopic circulating DC drift currents, which also induce DC magnetization in metal. In a broad sense, these light-induced magnetisms are known as the inverse Faraday effect.In the PhD project, I studied light-induced drift currents in multiple gold nanoantennas. We realized plasmonically enhanced stationary magnetic fields through these drift currents. The study is based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and the corresponding light-induced magnetism theories. In different research topics, we have realized: 1) an ultrafast, confined, and strong stationary magnetic field in a bull-eye nanoantenna. 2) A stationary magnetic field through linear polarization in a nanorod. 3) A Neel-type skyrmion constructed by a stationary magnetic field in a nanoring. In these studies, we examined the optical properties of different nanoantennas and explained the physical origin of light-induced drift currents and stationary magnetic fields. We demonstrated the method to achieve plasmonically enhanced inverse Faraday effects and explored the possibility of realizing magnetization through linearly polarized incident light. Finally, we extended the inverse Faraday effect to more physical research areas, such as constructing skyrmions by stationary magnetic fields through the inverse Faraday effect.The magnetic effect of light remains a rich area of research. My studies might find applications in many areas, including magneto-optical materials and devices, optical data storage, biomedical applications, spintronics, quantum computing, fundamental research in electromagnetism, and advanced materials research
Magrini, William. „Manipulation optique de vortex d’Abrikosov individuels“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0724/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development of a new manipulation technique to handle single Abrikosov vortices in type II superconductors. This fast, efficient and precise method is based on far field optics and rests on the local temperature elevation produced by a focused laser beam. It brings an excellent alternative to the existing techniques which are all based on local probes and thus heavy to implement in a cryogenic environment. The combination of this method with an efficient magneto-optical imaging system allows us to manipulate single vortices with a 100% rate of success on a large scale only limited by the field of view of the microscope objective. Manipulation speeds are high, of the order of 10 mm.s-1, but still limited by our setup and far from the fundamental limits offered by this technique, estimated to the km.s-1. This manipulation technique also allows to measure the pinning force of any single vortex in a superconducting sample. By using a high enough laser power which locally pushes the temperature above the critical temperature, we could also study the vortex penetration at the interface between normal and superconducting areas.In the course of this work, we also evidenced, with single molecule spectroscopy, the flexomagnetoelectric effect in a multiferoic material, by using a type I superconductor as a source of inhomogeneous magnetic field. Finally, we propose at the end of the manuscript the new concept of an optically created Josephson junctions, whose properties could be controlled in real time just with a laser beam
Apelian, Clément. „Imagerie Optique Multimodale des tissus par Tomographie Optique Cohérente Plein Champ“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFull filed optical coherence tomography is a microscopy imaging technique allowing to image a specific slice in a scattering medium, in depth. This technique has been used for the diagnosis of biopsy in cancerology. This technique could be an efficient and fast way to diagnose excised tissues during surgery. This would avoid numerous reoperations procedures. These reoperations are necessary when a pathologist suspects cancerous tissue to still be present in the patient, based on histological slide examination.FFOCT has shown promising results for that purpose. Nevertheless, this technique only gives a morphological contrast of tissues, which is not enough for applying some diagnostic criteria such as cell morphology or cell density.We developed a new imaging modality based on FFOCT allowing to reveal metabolic contrast in tissues at the subcellular scale. This contrast reveals cells previously indistinguishable with FFOCT. We also used this quantitative metric to propose tools to facilitate diagnosis, using machine learning approaches
LAHRECH, AHMED. „Imagerie infrarouge par microscopie en champ proche optique“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrouzil, Thomas. „Modélisation de structure dynamique dans un champ optique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOptical trapping appears now, since a few decades, as a major theme at the intersection of variousdisciplines. Since the results of Ashkin, many works were made in the trapping and the guidance of physical objects (particles, molecules, bacteria, etc.) of any sizes. The latter will characterize then, in front of the wavelength, the optical domain in which we shall take place (Rayleigh, Mie, Geometrical Optics).Our work thus concerns the study of the properties of periodic linear chains of droplets (oil), placed in water, and submitted to two counter-propagating horizontal laser beams of gaussian profile. We show that it is possible to establish a spatial order of a set of large drops (in front of the wavelength) in a periodic structure. The originality of such a system lies in the fact that the light can then be refocused by the set of periodically spaced drops. This periodicity may thus, in some cases, confer on the beam a periodic refocusing within the network. This first study, in static limit, allows us to identify the conditions of coupling modes associated with drop channels. In particular, we characterize the presence of Bloch modes where the beam propagates with similar frequency to that of the network. This leads us to note that these modal conditions are submitt to the gaussian phase parameter "Thêta" (Gouy phase). Thus, although structured at a widely higher scale, we highlight theoretically similar properties to that of the photonic crystals, conferred by the periodicity of the chains of drops. This allows us, consequently, to demonstrate the existence of bandgaps, leading us to define a set of guiding/not-guiding modes of this chain. This static study, thereafter, is extended from a dynamic point of view by taking into account the effect of the optical forces on the drops. We show that it is possible to optically trap such drops on stable equilibrium states. Beyond of which we highlight, through a parametric study, the existence of periodic or pseudo-periodic oscillating modes.Finally, we take into account the phenomena of collisions by coalescence, involving a reorganization of the distributions of optical fields which can result in new configurations of trapping
Rabaud, David. „Manipulation et interaction de micro-bulles sous champ acoustique“. Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536932.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLecaque, Romain. „Microscopie optique de champ proche dans le domaine terahertz“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087889.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTout d'abord, nous avons développé un instrument dont l'originalité réside dans l'illumination qui est assurée par une source locale IR/THz générée in situ par rectification optique. Plusieurs échantillons métalliques et diélectriques ont alors été imagés, mettant en évidence une résolution sub-longueur d'onde dans le domaine THz. Parallèlement, une étude théorique a permis de comprendre les mécanismes de formation des images dans le microscope.
Une autre version du microscope optique de champ proche, fonctionnant dans un mode dit sans ouverture a aussi été élaboré. Cette configuration a permis d'atteindre une résolution inférieure au micron dans le domaine THz, grâce à l'ajout d'une pointe métallique fonctionnant comme un diffuseur des ondes évanescentes.
Fortin, Michel. „Contribution au développement d'un capteur optique de champ électrique“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65217.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenfedda, Mohamed. „Micro-sondes de champ proche optique pour l'opto-électronique“. Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDevaux, Eloïse. „Détection du champ magnétique optique au voisinage de nanostructures“. Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMignard, France. „Microscopie optique en champ proche de dispositifs optoelectroniques integrés“. Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrieve, Katharine. „Tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ pour l' ophtalmologie“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoubert, Kevin. „Etude en champ proche optique de structures nanophotoniques couplées“. Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the end of the XXth century, optics benefits from significant breakthrough comingfrom the micro-electronic technologies. It is thus now possible to produce, guide, slow downor even trap light on a chip at a sub-wavelength scale. In this thesis, we study such opticalcomponents thanks to a Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (SNOM).The first part exposes an overall view of the current situation in the field of dielectricsubstrate integrated nanophotonics. Some of the recent outstanding issues and results are hereintroduced, as well as the general principle and the necessary tools to operate a SNOM.The second part is dedicated to optical near-field microscopy, technically speaking. Thephysical rules are here developed. Then we detail the instrumental set up of our own SNOMon our optical characterization bench. We end by analysing the optical images formation witha SNOM.The third part bears upon the study of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) coupled waveguides whereoptical nano-cavities could be inserted, by resorting to the previously implemented SNOM.Overlapping evanescent fields induced coupling phenomena are numerically and analyticallystudied. The use of the SNOM allowed us here to check the validity of our models. Besides,we have directly observed thanks to this instrument the guiding and confinement of light ina low refractive index media. However, we show that this phenomenon is highly subjected tofabrication uncertainties. Finally, we use the SNOM and spectral measurements in order todemonstrate that systems of N coupled nanocavities could be described with a simple coupledmodes model
Fortin, Michel. „Contribution au développement d'un capteur optique de champ électrique /“. Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleValentin, Constance. „Manipulations non-cohérente et cohérente d'un jet atomique de Césium par laser : mélasses optiques dans un champ magnétique et transfert adiabatique de population“. Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaroche, Thierry. „Génération de second harmonique pour la nano-optique et la microscopie optique en champ proche“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008888.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCôté, François. „Imagerie de neurones en profondeur par fibre optique avec champ de vue variable et imagerie à grand champ volumétrique rapide avec sectionnement optique HiLo“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImaging cells and axons in deep brain with minimal damage while keeping a sizable field of view remains a challenge, because it is difficult to optimize one without sacrificing the other. We propose a scanning method reminiscent of laser scanning microscopy to get a reasonable field of view with minimal damage deep in the brain. By using micro-optics at the tip of our 125 µm-diameter singlemode fiber inside a 250 µm capillary, we can create a focal spot on the side of the fiber at a distance of approximately 60 µm. The focal spot has a 2 µm diameter and can be scanned at up to 30 hertz by a custom scanning device over a 90 degree angular sweep on a single line. A piezoelectric actuator moves up and down the fiber to achieve a cylindrical scanning pattern. By having this side illumination, there is no need for surgical exposure of the tissue, making our method simple and easy to achieve. The field of view is controlled by the angular and vertical sweeps, unrelated to the fiber diameter. Furthermore, by modifying the length of the grin lens, we could directly increase or decrease the field of view of our optical system, without any change on the probe diameter. We have succeeded in imaging microglia in the midbrain of a CX3CR1-GFP mouse. The system is also ready for calcium imaging on single pixel lines. Imaging whole mouse brains can provide a wealth of information for understanding neuronal development at both the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Furthermore, visualizing entire brain samples allow us to better conceptualize how different diseases affect the brain as a whole, rather than only investigating a certain structure. Currently, two main challenges exist in achieving whole mouse brain imaging: 1) Long image acquisition sessions (on the order of several hours) and 2) Big data creation and management due to the large, high-resolution image volumes created. To overcome these challenges, we present a fast 1-photon system with a slightly decreased resolution allowing whole brain, optically sectioned imaging on the order of minutes by using a mathematical algorithm termed “HiLo”. Our large field of view (25 mm2 ) allows us to see an entire newborn mouse brain in a single snapshot with a resolution of about 2 µm in lateral direction and 4 µm in axial direction. This resolution still allows visualization of cells and some large axonal projections. This technological advancement will first and foremost allow us to rapidly image large volume samples and store them in a smaller format without losing the integral information, which is mainly stained-cell quantity and location. Secondly, the design will allow for increased successful high-resolution imaging by screening ...
Solane, P. Y. „Spectroscopie Optique du Graphite et du Graphène sous Champ Mégagauss“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777855.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSacchet, Delphine. „Tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ linéaire et non linéaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519355.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNiazi, Tarik. „Manipulation de l’aimantation dans GaMnAs par un courant et champ électriques“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe GaMnAs is a diluted magnetic semiconductor from the family of III-V compounds. Its magnetic properties are related to the band structure of GaAs. The GaMnAs appears to be a promising material for controlling the magnetic state through an electric field and/or electric current. For this purpose, thin and ultrathin GaMnAs(P) were prepared by the technique of molecular beam epitaxy. The incorporation of phosphorus controls the uniaxial anisotropy of the compound. Two studies were conducted: in the first part we looked at the effect of the electric field on the magnetism of ultrathin GaMnAs(P). In the second part the effect of the current on the dynamics of domain walls in GaMnAs(P) tracks was observed. The results showed that the Joule heating significantly alters the dynamics of domain walls. For the part which deals with the effect of the electric field, ultrathin GaMnAs(P) have been developed and implemented in field-effect structures. It was found that the incorporation of a phosphorus gradient in the thickness of the layer could improve the control of the uniaxial anisotropy. On these samples experiences of magnetization reversal assisted by an electric field have been undertaken. Our results show a magnetization reversal almost complete and irreversible in the presence of a weak magnetic field. These studies show that GaMnAs is an interesting material to understand more precisely the physics of new devices based on electrical control of the magnetic state
Bidault, Sébastien. „Manipulation optique de l'organisation de chromophores non-linéaires et luminescents“. Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008635.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBRASSELET, ETIENNE. „Manipulation optique spatio-temporelle non resonnante de cristaux liquides nematiques“. Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDatin, Paul. „Manipulation optique de molécules pour l’étude de la transition vitreuse“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS498.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we have sought to characterize the glassy phase formed by organic molecules. To do this, we diluted molecules on which we grafted an azobenzene fragment, so that we could selectively orient them by illuminating them. In this way, we wish to approach the random pinning procedure, which makes it possible in theory and by simulations to characterize in a new way the "ideal" thermodynamically stable glass phase that would be formed during the glass transition. The effects of illumination on these modified molecules (cis-trans isomerizations,orientation) are characterized in real time by polarized UV absorption spectroscopy. The impact of illumination on the glass transition of the matrix is measured by dielectric spectroscopy. We observed an acceleration of the dynamics during illumination (decrease of the alpha relaxation time). This is not due to the orientation of azobenzene but to other effects of illumination : cyclic cis-trans isomerizations, and the presence of cis isomers. In total, the viscosity of the glass is divided by almost 50 below Tg, which represents an increase in the effective temperature of the sample of more than 6K, while the actual heating due to illumination is less than 100 mK. Behind these two majority effects, we have identified that the greater the orientation, the greater the alpha relaxation time, all other things being equal. This influence of orientation seems to be very strong because our oriented fractions are small. Following the predictions of the RFOT theory, we find that the ideal glass transition would occur for a concentration of oriented molecules between 0.5 and 2% at Tg. Therefore random pinning experiments on molecular glasses seem to be feasible using azobenzene. In this thesis, we are laying the foundations for a new experimental approach that seems promising to us for the study of glass transition
Melet, Romain. „Manipulation tout optique des états électroniques d'une boîte quantique unique“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarsault, Félix. „Manipulation optique de condensats de polaritons dans des microstructures semiconductrices“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066540/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of microcavity polaritons in III-V semiconductor microstructures. It consists in a fundamental part focusing on the coherence and polarization properties of polariton lasers, and in a more applied second part which concerns the proof of principle of new all-optical polariton devices.In the first part, we use a streak camera in the single shot regime to measure second order photon correlations with a picosecond resolution. This technique allows measuring the emission statistics of polariton lasers and analyzing at the picosecond scale the dynamics of the establishment of the spontaneous coherence and polarization of the mode during the laser initialization. We show a stochastic initialization of the polarization followed by a precession around an effective magnetic field inside the cavity. The influence of the system dimension is discussed and a theoretical model allows us to better understand these measurements. The second part is dedicated to the realization of polariton devices with an all-optical control. These devices are constituted of a 0D resonator coupled to 1D input and output waveguides. We demonstrate the operation of a polariton router and a remotely controlled optical bistability. This last effect is the core ingredient of an optical memory and we show preliminary results on the implementation of all-optical AND, OR and XOR logic gates
Marsault, Félix. „Manipulation optique de condensats de polaritons dans des microstructures semiconductrices“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of microcavity polaritons in III-V semiconductor microstructures. It consists in a fundamental part focusing on the coherence and polarization properties of polariton lasers, and in a more applied second part which concerns the proof of principle of new all-optical polariton devices.In the first part, we use a streak camera in the single shot regime to measure second order photon correlations with a picosecond resolution. This technique allows measuring the emission statistics of polariton lasers and analyzing at the picosecond scale the dynamics of the establishment of the spontaneous coherence and polarization of the mode during the laser initialization. We show a stochastic initialization of the polarization followed by a precession around an effective magnetic field inside the cavity. The influence of the system dimension is discussed and a theoretical model allows us to better understand these measurements. The second part is dedicated to the realization of polariton devices with an all-optical control. These devices are constituted of a 0D resonator coupled to 1D input and output waveguides. We demonstrate the operation of a polariton router and a remotely controlled optical bistability. This last effect is the core ingredient of an optical memory and we show preliminary results on the implementation of all-optical AND, OR and XOR logic gates
Absil, Emilie Motel. „Imagerie et spectroscopie de nanoparticules d'or en microscopie optique plein champ“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00558468.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaverdant, Julien. „Nanosources exaltées pour la spectroscopie non-linéaire en champ proche optique“. Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCe mémoire présente l'étude des propriétés optiques à l'échelle nanométrique de films granulaires métalliques. Les modes de résonances plasmons, quand ils sont excités, génèrent des pics d'exaltation localisés.
Pour faire les études expérimentales de ces échantillons, nous avons choisi la microscopie optique de champ proche à ouverture (SNOM). Nos résultats montrent la localisation de champs intenses dans des zones nanométriques. Ces exaltations dépendent de la longueur d'onde et de la polarisation. Il existe un régime purement diffusif quand les résonances plasmons ne sont pas excitées. En augmentant la longueur d'onde, les exaltations apparaissent, mais la diffusion est toujours présente. Une étude statistique par la fonction d'autocorrélation analyse ces deux régimes.
Triger, Chrystelle. „Utilisation des photopolymères pour les nanotechnologies. Nanofabrication en champ proche optique“. Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0658.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleValat, Bruno. „Potentiel de l'Antarctique pour l'interférométrie optique : double champ & reconstruction d'images“. Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAstronomical Instruments are becoming more and more accurate, and consequently, are also becoming more sensitive to external effects such as optical atmospheric turbulence. In the interest of optimizing the choice of sites for the installation of ever more powerful instruments created in the future, many teams have specialized in developing site-testing techniques and have listed potential astronomical observation sites all over the world. My thesis has involved the study of the impact of these measurements on instrument performance, in the field of optical interferometry. The parameters of Dome C are discussed and contrasted with those of Cerro Paranal. In order to do this, a numerical experiment which simulates optical turbulence was developed. Preliminary theoretical studies have shown Dome C to be a site which is well suited for the study of double field interferometry. The principal parameter which characterises this type of observation is the isopistonic angle. The estimation of its’ value is made analytically and requires approximations. I propose that the study of this parameter be made by a numerical experiment /(or simulation)/. The results obtained using this method reinforce the use of an analytical approach. One of the major breakthroughs foreseen in the field of double field interferometry lies in image reconstruction. I addressed this by creating image reconstructions using the data obtained from this numerical approach. Finally, I introduce and discuss an algorithm whose interest lies in the access of absolute visibilities measured using AMBER. This algorithm estimates fringe motion during exposure, and corrects its effects on visibility
Carminati, Rémi. „Analyse de la formation des images en optique de champ proche“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0472.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMotel-Absil, Emilie. „Imagerie et spectroscopie de nanoparticules d’or en microscopie optique plein champ“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066663.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrésillon, Samuel. „Microscopie optique en champ proche en transmission avec une sonde métallique : exaltation de champ et spectroscopie de nanoparticules“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00645620.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonneville, Christophe. „La spectroscopie intégrale de champ : étude et réalisations“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the development of new integral field spectrographs for astronomy as part of the VIRMOS project and projects of instruments for major ground-based (VLT) and space (NGST, SNAP) observatories. Integral field spectroscopy is a technique, developed since the 80s, which gives simultaneously the spectrum of each spatial sampling element of a sky field. Having placed this technique in its context, I present integration and tests of the integral field unit of the VIMOS spectrograph composed of 6400 optical fibers coupled to micro-lenses. Afterwards, this thesis deals with the development of a new technique, named Image Slicer, based on reflective optics, with better performances and possible validation for space applications. A specific design process, a diffraction analyses of the instrument, the manufacturing and tests of several prototypes and a stray-light analyses have been conducted
Martin, Matthieu. „Caractérisation par microscopie en champ proche optique de composants de l'optique intégrée“. Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0100/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increasing complexity and decreasing sizes of today’s integrated optics devices raises the need for a characterization technique that gives a real insight of the intrinsic behavior of those devices. This work aims to demonstrate the extreme valuableness of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) for the characterization of integrated optics devices working in the range of telecommunication wavelength [1. 2-1. 6 µm]. A brief overview of the electromagnetism theoretical background needed for a good understanding of near-field optical studies is given and the basic concepts of near-field scanning optical microscopy are described. Our work then focuses on the description of our technical implementation of a near-field optical experiment specifically applied to the study of photonic devices in the telecommunication wavelength range. Near-field optical studies of multimode interference (MMI) based devices, made by ion exchange on glass substrate and designed for astronomical telescope recombination, are then performed. The resulting electromagnetic field maps are deeply analyzed and compared to Beam Propagation Method (BPM) type simulation. We then show that SNOM allows us to accurately determine the physical parameters influencing the devices behavior (index contrast, mode excitation, geometrical parameters…). We also present as perspectives to this work some primal measurements on very low size photonic devices revealing resolution better than l/10 and identifying Bloch waves inside a photonic crystal based waveguide
Rochet, Antonine. „Manipulation optique de vortex d'Abrikosov individuels dans les supraconducteurs et applications“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0148/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the interface between optics, magnetism and superconductivity, we want to develop new concepts for the optical manipulation, the generation and the study of individual Abrikosov vortices in superconducting systems. On one hand, we demonstrate the efficiency of an optical method to perform spontaneous generation of a single vortex/anti-vortex pair by Kibble Zurek effect, based on a laser pulse focused at the superconductor film surface. It is a fast far field method to create and trap a pair into the superconducting condensate at a reproducible and stable position. This experiment is also adapted to the study of the Kibble Zurek mechanism, describing nucleation of topological defects such as Abrikosov vortices during a fast second order phase transition. On the other hand, we present the results of a pomp-probe experiment to the study the inverse Faraday effect into a BiLuIG garnet used for magneto-optical imaging of vortices. We show the possibility to produce a strong femtosecond magnetic field of a few Tesla localized into the garnet with a circularly polarized ultra-short laser pulse. Those results lead to the determination of the experimental conditions necessary to generate a vortex/anti-vortex pair with a magneto-optical method based on the application of a strong magnetic field close to the superconductor surface. Fast optical manipulation and generation of vortices, which are intrinsic nano-objects of the superconducting state, should enable the development of optically driven superconducting micro-circuits such as Josephson junctions
Castanié, Etienne. „Emission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066656.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuidant, Romain. „Dispositifs optiques submicroniques : nanofabrication et caractérisation en champ proche“. Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDellinger, Jean. „Imagerie hyperspectrale en champ proche optique : développement et applications à la nanophotonique“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908824.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle