Zeitschriftenartikel: „Manifest disproportion“

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Yap, Eduardo. „Management of Ala Columella Disproportion in South East Asian Noses“. Facial Plastic Surgery 36, Nr. 05 (Oktober 2020): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717081.

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AbstractSouth East Asian noses have a characteristic ala and columella disproportion and mostly manifest as hanging ala. Simultaneous correction during rhinoplasty is recommended to achieve a good aesthetic result. Since hanging ala is a common feature, a classification system is presented as a guide for surgical management. The classification is based on the frontal view showing the alar rim connecting to the columella lobule area simulating the wings of a gull in gentle flight. A mild deformity has the gull's wing in the horizontal direction. A moderate deformity has the gull's wing in a slight inferior direction. A severe hanging deformity has the gull's wing in the inferior direction, ending below the columella lobule area, and this is mostly accompanied by retracted columella. There are various techniques for the surgical correction of hanging ala. The author has made a modification of the internal approach called “sail excision” using the groove within the lateral nasal vestibule as a landmark. The author terms this area as the vestibular groove. Sail excision involves removal of a triangular portion of tissue anterior to this vestibular groove. Another aesthetic deformity noticed in South East Asian noses is that the alar rim base is lower than the columellar base. In correcting hanging ala with involvement of the alar rim base, the sail excision is extended posteriorly following the vestibular groove as its guide to the amount to be excised. To enhance the overall aesthetic outcome, the acute columella labial angle seen in South East Asian noses has to be made fuller through surgery. This is accomplished using septal extension graft for tip projection, with preservation of the posterior angle of the caudal septum. Plumping grafts are used as filler material in the premaxillary area.

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Egorov, Pyotr Mikhaylovich. „Rural Youth in the Arctic Regions of Yakutia in 1970–1980: Quantitative Analysis by Age and Gender“. Общество: философия, история, культура, Nr. 12 (11.12.2020): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2020.12.16.

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This study presents an analysis of the number and age and gender composition of the young genera-tion of rural settlements in the Arctic regions of Ya-kutia in 1970–1980 based on the analysis of statisti-cal sources. One of the main trends in the demo-graphic processes development in the 1970s among rural youth in the Arctic is an increase in its total number. In our opinion, improving the quality of life, working and resting conditions, establishing a so-cio-economic balance between town and country, increasing the well-being of the rural population of the Arctic, as well as the development of industrial production led to an improvement in demographic processes in the 1970s. However, an analysis of the data shows that by the end of the 1980s, stagnation and decline in the total number of rural youth in all age groups began, and the age structure of rural youth changed. In addition, among rural youth in 1989, the gender disproportion in favor of men be-gan to manifest itself more clearly. The shift in the sex balance could have a negative impact on the natural reproduction of the Arctic population.

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Goloktionova, Ju G., und N. V. Lisichkina. „APPLICATION SINERGETIKO-INSTITUTSIONALNOGO OF THE APPROACH FOR OVERCOMING OF DISPROPORTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES“. Education and Science without Limits: Fundamental and Applied Researches, Nr. 10 (25.11.2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36683/2500-249x-2019-10-15-18.

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Stratification of economic space strengthens the natural disbalance manifested in the devel-opment of separate regions of the country. Evening-out of territorial disproportionality is one of the priority directions of state regulation of social and economic sphere both at the regional, and at federal levels. Synergetic-institutional approach to management of spacial development is one of the tools, allowing to stabilize macroeconomic situation.

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Shemakhina, Iryna. „Convergence and divergence processes of countries economic development under globalization“. International Science Journal of Management, Economics & Finance 2, Nr. 3 (01.06.2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46299/j.isjmef.20230203.02.

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The article analyses the degree of national economies interconnection and interdependence on the basis of calculation of the dynamics of β-deviation and δ-deviation indicators of the group of developed countries and the group of developing countries for the period 1995-2021 It is proved that the processes of divergence between countries, the asymmetry of their development and the growth of global disproportions, as well as the processes of convergence, manifested in the formation of individual clusters, are taking place simultaneously, which requires additional in-depth studies at the country level.

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Vladimir, Shepelev, Shepelev Sergey und Almetova Zlata. „Method of justification of the grain cleaning assembly performance“. Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 3 (01.10.2018): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/14/2017-rae.

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The performance potential of the existing grain cleaning assemblies meant for nominal and stable gross grain flow in view of the agrotechnical harvest time is not realized to the full extent. It is preconditioned by the instability of the technical and technological parameters of the harvesting processes. It results in a disproportion between the harvesting and the grain cleaning process, which is manifested in accumulation of bulks of grains within open areas in uncontrolled conditions or preconditions over-estimation of the rated performance of the grain cleaning assemblies. Their required performance can be decreased and the alignment of functioning of the process system can be increased by introduction of compensating and back-up components in view of the seasonal and daily performance indicators of the combine harvesters.

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Matsumoto, Shinichi, Takanobu Morinushi und Tadashi Ogura. „Time dependent changes of variables associated with malocclusion in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy“. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 27, Nr. 1 (01.09.2003): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.27.1.8w14853220g47593.

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Time dependent changes of parameters associated with malocclusion in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were examined in four dental developmental stages in 34 patients.We adopted activities of daily living (ADL) score, dental arch, craniofacial morphology, and electromyograms of the masseter and temporalis muscle as parameters. A comparison was made with the results in DMD subjects to data from healthy subjects with normal occlusion reported in the literature. In DMD subjects, manifestations of open-bite were related to ADL score, sagittal shortening and transverse expansion of the dental arch and vertical overgrowth of the lower jaw. Posterior cross-bite malocclusion was associated with differences in the time dependent changes between the jaws in transverse expansion. The malocclusion in DMD subjects was also related to the time dependent disproportional changes in masticatory muscle function by EMG. Occlusal deviation in DMD subjects became apparent at the late mixed dentition and malocclusion became definitely manifest from early permanent dentition.

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Gladoshchuk, Anastasia V. „Theatre in Search of the Myth: Antonin Artaud and Miguel Ángel Asturias“. Literature of the Americas, Nr. 9 (2020): 236–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2020-9-236-260.

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Two tendencies define one of the “master -currents” (Ch. Innes) in the XXth century drama, epitomized by Antonin Artaud’s “theatre of cruelty”: revival of ritual practices and search for a “new myth”. Artaud perceives the Myth both as the end and the means: by creating a new myth, theatre reveals and heals illnesses of modernity; by reviving the ancient, theatre conducts the primitive, metaphysical “forces” of the “great cultures”. Particularly attracted to the Mesoamerican world, Artaud intended to stage “The Conquest of Mexico” (1933), a drama in four acts, to inaugurate his new theatre. Considering this, a special relevance should be given to the fact that M.A. Asturias’s article –manifesto “Reflections on the Possibility of an American Theatre in Indian spirit” was published in November 1930, anticipating Artaud’s conception of theatre based on myth. The ideas stated in the manifesto will be put into practice in “Cuculcán” play, the last piece of the “Legends of Guatemala”, second edition (1948). Settled in Paris since 1924, Asturias received the same aesthetic impulses as Artaud did: surrealism, avant -garde cinematography, “Ballets russes”, primitivism in all its forms. However, their preferences were not thoroughly the same. A parallel reading of the manifesto and the chronicles reveals how Asturias’s ideas on theatre correspond to the cultural context. It can be affirmed that many of Asturias’s and Artaud’s principles are isomorphic: accentuation of colour and disproportion in decorations, abolition of stage, use of masks, formalized movements, rejection of rhetoric and declamation, revelation of word’s religious force. Yet the ways Asturias and Artaud work with myth differ: it is in a playful, not tragic and ritualistic mode that myths are being actualized in Asturias’s theatre, and not only by means of “mise en scène”. Asturias considers the Myth as an inherited language, that is why the action in “Cuculcán” is determined by speech and what he calls “the Word’s value”, in accordance with indigenous philosophy.

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Deryugina, I. V. „Regional Uneven Development of Agriculture in the World Economy at the Beginning of the XXI Century“. Voprosy statistiki 27, Nr. 5 (26.10.2020): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-5-114-129.

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The paper is devoted to one of the most acute problems in the world economy - regional uneven development of agriculture. The author determined the system of indicators that describe the uneven distribution of agricultural production between different regions of the world, studied the factors of efficiency of agricultural production - labor productivity, land productivity, capital productivity (capital return). The article demonstrates further consolidation of the trend of the second half of the XX century that manifested in the redistribution of agricultural production from North America and Europe to Asia, Africa, and Australia. The GDP created in agriculture in Asia already exceeded other regions of the world in 2000, and by 2017 the gap was even wider. Africa, having surpassed Europe in this indicator, ranked second in the world. The unevenness of economic growth in world agriculture manifested itself in the disproportions between the factors of efficiency of agricultural production - labor productivity and land productivity. Labor productivity was lowest in Asia and Africa, and the highest in Australia. Land productivity was characterized by diametrically opposite dynamics: the highest values were achieved in Asia, and the lowest - in Australia. The paper explains the disparity between labor productivity and land productivity by various technological modes of production (TMP) that have historically developed in agriculture in the East and West: land-saving TMP - in the East, and labor-saving TMP - in the West. The influence of informal institutions operating in traditional rural societies on the uneven development of agriculture is also studied. The disproportions in the development of the livestock sector of agricultural production, affecting the regional uneven development of the agricultural economy, are considered. The main forms and methods of organization of the livestock sector - from high-intensity to traditional - are analyzed. Special attention is paid to nomadic cattle breeding, which is currently preserved in various forms in 50 countries of the world. It is considered as a special nomad production mode. The article concludes that there is a need for a multipronged approach to conducting an international comparative analysis of capital productivity (index of capital return) in the agricultural sector of the economy that takes into account capital-labor ration a large-scale increase in labor productivity - a strategically important factor of economic growth in any country in the world.

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Cortés-Evans, Diana Patricia. „El martirio como forma narrativa, signo, y mito en Cóndores no entierran todos los días y Estaba la pájara pinta sentada en el verde limón“. Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 10, Nr. 18 (09.08.2022): 117–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2022.539.

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The genesis of the fictions of Gustavo Álvarez and Albalucía Ángel is demarcated in ‘el 9 de abril’, name given to the social outburst that occurs in Colombia after the magnicide of the politician Jorge Eliécer Gaitán (1948). The notion of martyrdom is assimilated in the literary works as a sign and a myth to depict the disproportion of violence under the frame of the bipartisan conflict. In the fictions martyrdom is implemented as a narrative device and an artefact to revisit the past and reflect on the nation. By adopting postmodernist readings in fields such as ‘biopolitics’, cultural sociology, and concepts like ‘culture hybridity’ proposed by Homi Bhabha, we find that disfigurations of original Christian myths take place in the fictions with a subversive purpose. Although modern martyrdom is rooted in Christianity, the phenomenon erases the borders between politics and religion, given that its secularization is manifested through social movements and the cultural construction that rises around the martyr. Nowadays, ‘el 9 de abril’ not only commemorates the magnicide, but it has established itself as a National Civic Day to pay homage to all the victims of the armed conflict.

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Fîţă, Nicolae Daniel, Sorin Mihai Radu, Dragoș Păsculescu und Florin Gabriel Popescu. „Using the Primary Energetic Resources or Electrical Energy as a Possible Energetical Tool or Pressure Tool“. International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 27, Nr. 3 (01.06.2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2021-0084.

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Abstract In increasing occurrence for the cases of energetic collapse around worldwide, manifested by the lack of finite primary energetic resources (oil, gas, coal and uranium) or electricity to the final consumers, and even the desiring for the world’s major energy powers in owning and controlling, the entire chain of global energy in order to use primary energetic resources or electricity as a possible energetic tool or pressure tool in the context of blackmail and profitability, makes this thesis of a great importance and relevance. By the lack of supplying the primary energy or electricity to final consumers leads to the crises that cause societal disproportions causing extreme damage to the safety of citizens, industry, the national economy and thus national security, because all areas of a state economy depend on primary energetic resources or electricity. In this context, the energy security of a state becomes an important pillar of national, regional and international security, bringing safety, stability and well-being to the final consumers for electricity usage.

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Sato, Hiroshi, und Takashi Kurosawa. „Preliminary Finding on Anomalous Cleavage and Degeneration of Intestinal Nematode Eggs (Nematodirus sp.) after Oral Administration of Medium-Chain Fatty Acid in Calves“. ISRN Veterinary Science 2011 (04.04.2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/616537.

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Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) consisting of 8 to 12 carbons are knowns exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria and gut protozoa. However, little information is available on their effect in helminthes. The effect of MCFA on an intestinal nematode (Nematodirus sp.) was therefore evaluated in four calves (4 to 11 month old). Edible fat containing MCFA was administered into the abomasum of the calves by practical stimulation of the reticular groove reflex for 5 days, and the resulting fecal egg shedding was examined. Although MCFA had a weak effect on fecal egg number of Nematodirus sp., morphologically anomalous eggs were observed. Anomalies manifested as degenerated eggs with ova granulation or shell rupture, irregular monocellular egg, and disproportional cleavage at the 2-, 4-cell and subsequent stages, despite normal shedding at 8- or 16-cell stages in most cases. Thus, MCFA administration brought cleavage disturbance and degeneration of Nematodirus sp. eggs.

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Oliveira, Samuel José. „São Tomás de Aquino metido num “imbróglio”: A demonstração da existência de Deus“. e-Letras com Vida: Revista de Estudos Globais — Humanidades, Ciências e Artes, Nr. 03 (19.12.2019): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53943/elcv.0219_13.

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This article attempts to clarify the thesis by St. Thomas Aquinas, according to which it is possible to prove that the existence of God can be demonstrated. On the basis of the analyses in Summa Theologica I, q.2 and Summa contra gentiles I (I-XV), there is an attempt to understand the meaning and relevance of this thesis, its implications and its philosophical and theological significance. Thomas Aquinas’ analyses underline the importance of distinguishing between a knowledge about the existence of God and one regarding his essence, while highlighting in each case a set of difficulties and lack of knowledge factors. In a context where the idea of confusion plays a central role, Thomas Aquinas tries to show that: a) no matter how confused knowledge about God is and no matter how large the disproportion between the human and divine perspectives, there is an ineradicable notitia Dei, and b) this notice is linked at the same time to the inability to know God’s essenceand the ability to demonstrate His existenceby means of certain effects and traces of His. This all leads to the peculiar demonstration of the existence of a Deus absconditus. It is precisely the discovery of this God who manifests himself and at the same time hides himself that makes it possible to document the pos-sibility of demonstrating that God exists and that constitutes the foundations on which every and any demonstration of the existence of God rests.

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Deutscher, Jan, Ondřej Hemr und Petr Kupec. „A Unique Approach on How to Work Around the Common Uncertainties of Local Field Data in the PERSiST Hydrological Model“. Water 13, Nr. 9 (21.04.2021): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091143.

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In the last two decades, the effects of global climate change have caused a continuous drying out of temperate landscapes. One way in which drying out has manifested is as a visible decrease in the streamflow in the water recipients. This article aims to answer the questions of how severe this streamflow decrease is and what is its main cause. The article is based on the analysis of daily streamflow, temperature, and precipitation data during five years (1 November 2014 to 31 October 2019) in a spruce-dominated temperate upland catchment located in the Czech Republic. Streamflow values were modeled in the PERSiST hydrological model using precipitation and temperature values obtained from the observational E-OBS gridded dataset and calibrated against in situ measured discharge. Our modeling exercise results show that the trend of decreasing water amounts in forest streams was very significant in the five-year study period, as shown in the example of the experimental catchment Křtiny, where it reached over −65%. This trend is most likely caused by increasing temperature. An unexpected disproportion was found in the ratio of increasing temperature to decreasing discharge during the growing seasons, which can be simplified to an increasing trend in the mean daily temperature of +1% per season, effectively causing a decreasing trend in the discharge of −10% per season regardless of the increasing precipitation during the period.

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Mather, Martha E., und Roy A. Stein. „Direct and Indirect Effects of Fish Predation on the Replacement of a Native Crayfish by an Invading Congener“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, Nr. 6 (01.06.1993): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-145.

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In Ohio streams, the crayfish Orconectes rusticus is replacing O. sanborni, and herein we test how predators influence this replacement. In a field survey, crayfish were scarce when fish were abundant, suggesting that predators can adversely affect these prey. In laboratory experiments, we examined underlying mechanisms for this inverse relationship; specifically, we tested how crayfish species, adult aggression, and habitat heterogeneity influenced the predator–prey interaction. In a laboratory stream, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) ate similar numbers of equal-sized O. rusticus and O. sanborni, but when sizes mimicked those in the field (i.e., O. rusticus 4 mm > O. sanborni), fewer O. rusticus were eaten. Fish also reduced juvenile activity and behaviors whereas adult aggression increased the frequency of these risky responses. More affected by adult crayfish, O. sanborni should suffer disproportional predation where adults and juveniles interact. Thus, fish predators should increase replacement rates and adult aggression should further accelerate this process. Manifested through crayfish size, both indirect and direct predator effects contribute to the replacement of O. sanborni by O. rusticus.

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Kizelbach, Urszula. „Eroticism—Politics—Identity: The Case of Richard III“. Text Matters, Nr. 3 (01.11.2013): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/texmat-2013-0028.

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Richard III’s courtship of Lady Anne in William Shakespeare’s King Richard III is a blend of courtly speech and sexual extravaganza. His sexual energy and power of seduction were invented by Shakespeare to enhance the theatrical effect of this figure and, at the same time, to present Richard as a tragic character. Richard’s eroticism in Act 1 Scene 2 makes him a complicated individual. Playing a seducer is one of the guises he uses to achieve his political aims on the one hand, and, on the other, the pose of a sexually attractive lover enables him to put his masculinity to the test. Throughout the scene Richard is haunted by his deformity that, together with his villainy, makes him a stranger to the world and an enemy to his family and the court. In order to overcome his self-image of a disproportional cripple he manifests his sexuality towards Anne to boost his self-esteem and to confirm that the lady will accept him despite his obvious physical shortcomings. This article uses Georges Bataille’s theory of eroticism and erotic desire to characterize Richard as a tragic individual and to explain the reasons behind his unexpected sexual behaviour in the seduction scene.

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Wosiek, Małgorzata. „The Conditions of Development of Peripheral Areas in the Context of Present-Day Transformations of the International Environment“. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 10, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10031-011-0019-9.

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The Conditions of Development of Peripheral Areas in the Context of Present-Day Transformations of the International Environment The author of the article has tried to analyse the influence of transformations taking place in the international environment on the development of the countries and peripheral regions (i.e. regions that are underdeveloped in economic terms). It has been indicated that spontaneous globalisation and liberalisation - on the level of national and regional economies - intensify side effects of the market mechanism which is manifested as adversely growing development imbalances. Market fallibility points to the need of enclosing these processes in institutional frameworks, which would correct market regulations. Compensatory cohesion policy of the European Union makes integration processes more attractive to the underdeveloped countries and regions than the offer of global capitalism. However, overcoming mutual discrepancies between social goals and economic effectiveness still remains a challenge. On the other hand, evolving towards an information society and a knowledge-based society supports holistic and interdisciplinary thinking, where economic rationality is but one of a number of aspects, and not the key issue. Such tendencies favour dissemination of principles of humanism which motivate to reduce unnecessary development disproportions and to carry out sustainable development. At the same time, the fact that some areas are underdeveloped while functioning in a knowledge-based economy is mainly due to the quality factor, hence it is more durable by nature and it requires more time to be eliminated.

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Shadrin, Aleksei Vladimirovich, und Valentina Nikolaevna Tuguzhekova. „The Main Directions of Industrial Development in Khakassia in the Mid-1920s – Early 1940s.“ Genesis: исторические исследования, Nr. 3 (März 2023): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.3.39850.

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The search for ways of effective economic development of modern Russia calls for a deep understanding of the economic aspect of Russian history. A special place and importance in this regard is occupied by the history of Russia of the XX century, with the exception of the 1990s, since it was during this era that the modernization of the country's industry took place. The study of the industrial development of the country in general and Khakassia in particular in the mid-1920s – early 1940s contributes to the disclosure of controversial issues in domestic and regional history, namely industrialization, cooperation. This will allow us to summarize the historical experience of those years (positive and negative), which can help in overcoming difficulties in the Russian economy through appropriate conclusions that can be made by authorities at various levels. It will also make it possible to predict the further development of the region, and then the country according to the most optimal option. Based on archival documents and literature, the author analyzes the main directions of industrial development in Khakassia in the mid-1920s – early 1940s. In particular, attention is paid to the dynamics of development and structural changes in the industry of the region, which during this period were contradictory. To a greater extent, there were positive trends: the emergence of new types of production, the combination of high quantitative indicators of development with the progressive development of qualitative ones. The technical equipment of industrial enterprises in the region has significantly increased. Negative aspects in the industrial development of the region were manifested in the disproportion in the sectoral structure of the industry (the predominance of extractive industries), lagging growth rates of qualitative indicators compared with quantitative, technical backwardness of a number of industries.

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Hlushko, Denis. „DEPENDENCE OF PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE ON CHANGES IN THERMAL REGIME“. SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 54, Nr. 1 (11.07.2023): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.1.4.

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The dynamics of changes in the average annual air temperature in 24 regions of Ukraine in the period 2011 - 2020 is analyzed. The correlation between the yield of major crops and the average annual air temperature is studied. The regional features of this dependence are analyzed. The regions of the country are ranked according to the degree of correlation between the average annual temperature and crop yields. Agriculture is largely dependent on natural factors, the most important of which is the change in agro-climatic conditions due to modern climate change. The main manifestation of modern climate change is an increase in air temperature, and in Ukraine the temperature increase is much more intense than in most regions of the world. Given the significant contribution of the agricultural sector to the economy of Ukraine, the problem of the dependence of agricultural production on changes in the thermal regime is of particular relevance. The article discusses the impact of changes in the thermal regime on the territory of Ukraine on the productivity of major agricultural crops. The average annual air temperature is used as an indicator characterizing the thermal regime of the territory. The dynamics of the average annual temperature in twenty-four regions of Ukraine in the period from 2011 to 2020 is analyzed. In particular, the regions of the most intensive increase in temperature have been identified. The relationship between the average annual air temperature and the productivity of the main agricultural crops, which include potatoes, sunflowers, as well as cereals and legumes, vegetables, fruit and berries, has been studied. To identify the relationship between temperature and yield, the method of pair correlation was used. The calculations were carried out using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The study revealed significant differences in the degree of dependence of the yield of different crops on temperature conditions. It has been proven that the nature of the influence of thermal conditions on yield can vary significantly depending on the type of crop. In particular, the current increase in temperature favorably affects the efficiency of growing cereals and legumes and, at the same time, leads to a significant decrease in potato yield. It is shown that the dependence of the yield of different crops on air temperature is characterized by significant territorial disproportions. Wherein, the regions with the highest indicators of correlation dependence are located mainly in the west and northwest of Ukraine. The regions of Ukraine were ranked in accordance with the total degree of correlation between the average annual air temperature and the yield of selected agricultural crops. When ranking regions according to the degree of influence of the thermal factor, the arithmetic mean of the absolute values (modules) of the correlation coefficients was used. According to the ranking results, the regions were grouped. It has been proved that when analyzing territorial disproportions, it is necessary to take into account the differences in the agricultural specialization of the regions, since the specialization of crop production causes significant differences in the sown areas of crops with different dependence on thermal factors. Based on the study, we can conclude that the current change in the thermal regime already has a significant impact on the process of transformation of agriculture, which, in particular, is manifested in a change in the agricultural specialization of the regions. For example, in regions specializing in the cultivation of vegetable crops, an increase in air temperature leads to a decrease in the efficiency of agricultural production. In turn, the decrease in the efficiency of agricultural production leads to a decrease in the volume of production. At the same time, the increase in the thermal resources of Polesye makes it possible to grow sunflower and other heat-loving crops in this zone. The novelty of the study is to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the influence of the thermal factor on the yield of various crops. At the same time, it should be noted that the main result of the study is obtaining a numerical characteristic of the degree of correlation dependence, which allows analyzing the degree of dependence of different crops on temperature conditions, as well as identifying and analyzing territorial disproportions in the distribution of this dependence. Key words: yield, average annual air temperature, specialization of agriculture.

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Potapov, Igor A. „TRANSFORMATION OF THE URBAN SPACE OF ARKHANGELSK“. Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, Nr. 3 (2023): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2023-3-27-40.

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The emergence of a city, the creation of its infrastructure, and the population growth depend on many factors, but of decisive importance are the main city-forming functions. With time, the value of such functions changes, they can disappear. This primarily concerns industrial cities. If there are no other sources for growth, the urban space begins to transform under the influence of the closure of industrial enterprises, reduction of the population. This is often expressed in contraction and degradation of the city areas being released from their functions. This is a problem for many cities around the world in the context of the changing economic paradigm and transition to a post-industrial economy. Arkhangelsk is an example of a city that was gradually involved in performing various functions from its foundation, but the main growth of its urban space began with the development of the timber industry complex. The modern reduction of available forest resources led to the closure of numerous enterprises of the timber industry, which threatens the existence of villages created around these enterprises. The author conducted a retrospective analysis of the urban space formation and transformation in Arkhangelsk, identified the main areas that have lost their former functions and are degrading. The quality of the environment was assessed by the cost of housing in the city districts, its territorial disproportions in peripheral and central areas were identified. A study of the population dynamics showed a partial contraction of urban space, manifested in the gradual loss of population in former timber mill settlements, especially those located on islands. The city is losing territories that became its part due to Soviet industrialization. The author analyzes the prospects for the development of the urban space basing on the study of the general plan of Arkhangelsk.

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Akhatova, E. Kh, L. M. Bekenova und G. Zh Seitkhamzina. „Retrospective analysis of urbanization stages and trends in urban development in Kazakhstan“. Bulletin of "Turan" University, Nr. 3 (10.10.2022): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2022-1-3-83-94.

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The general contours of settlement and urbanization in Kazakhstan are determined by the peculiarities of historical and economic development, the specifics of geographical, natural and climatic conditions. For a long period in the republic, differentiation in the development of a small number of large cities and a large number of mono- and small towns in terms of the level of well-being of the population has been preserved. In the context of the dynamic influence of external factors for the integrated socio-economic development of Kazakhstan, the role of further improvement of the administrative-territorial structure of the country through controlled urbanization is increasing. The State Program for the Development of Regions for 2020–2025 is dedicated to solving this problem. The purpose of the work is to study the features of the development of the process of urbanization in Kazakhstan in a historical retrospective and in modern realities. To achieve it, a review of the main stages of urbanization was made, statistical data on demographic indicators, the administrative-territorial division of the republic were given, and the causes of regional disproportions in the modern structure of cities were identified. The lack of development of such issues as the place of urbanization in social development, the rational combination of sectoral and territorial formations, the administrative-territorial organization as a whole determine the theoretical and practical significance of this study. The authors used a set of the following research methods: monographic, program-targeted, retrospective, statistical analysis, comparisons and generalizations, abstraction and synthesis. Based on a review of scientific and statistical sources, a retrospective analysis and classification of the stages of urbanization was made, within which the formation and development of the cities of the republic were studied. The paper concludes that in Kazakhstan the processes of urbanization are manifested to a sufficient extent, however, their intensity across the regions of the country is extremely uneven. Based on the identified trends and problems of urbanization, recommendations are substantiated for choosing the main directions of managed urbanization in Kazakhstan.

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Zubchenko, Oleksandr. „Institutional and structural effects of the electoral system in the local election campaign 2020 (regional aspect)“. Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: Philosophy, culture studies, sociology 10, Nr. 20 (2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-20-107-116.

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The article is devoted to the problems of the influence of the electoral system on the structuring of the electoral field in the region and the representation of political parties in local government. It is emphasized that due to the high size of the electoral deposit, the number of participants in the elections has significantly decreased in comparison with the previous electoral cycle. Also, due to legislative innovations, the possibility of political manipulation and the proportion of spoiled ballot have been increased. According to the author, the election results turned out to be extremely distorted due to the influence of the institutional and structural effects of the electoral system. Institutional effects include disproportions in the representation of political parties in the regional council due to the higher activity of rural voters and low turnout in cities. The author shows that the greatest losses were incurred by the party “Ednannia” of the mayor of Zaporiozhzhia V. Buriak. The effect of “split voting” manifested itself through the differentiation of support for electoral actors when voting in regional, district and local councils. This indicator makes it possible to explain electoral behavior in different elections from the standpoint of the theory of “strategic voting", as well as to study the influence of the factor of "neighborhood" - voting on a territorial basis, “for local”. The most stable was the electorate of the Opposition Bloc, the EU and Servant of the People, and the most unstable was the Opposition Bloc. Structural effects describe the impact of electoral rules on the promotion of candidates within party lists and are revealed using several indicators. The coefficient of regionalization indicates the share of deputies who received mandates in territorial districts, the coefficient of “internal competition” - the number of deputies who received more than a quarter of votes, the coefficient of “integrity of choice” is an indicator of the “pure” ideological electorate who voted for the party list as a whole.

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VOZNYAK, Halyna, und Khrystyna PATYTSKA. „Budgetary determinants of ensuring the resilience of territorial communities: military adaptation and post-war recovery guidelines“. Fìnansi Ukraïni 2023, Nr. 8 (12.10.2023): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2023.08.081.

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Introduction. The Russian-Ukrainian war has had a negative impact on all spheres of life in Ukraine, undermining the financial and economic stability of systems at various levels of government. Thanks to decentralisation, territorial communities have become the main link in ensuring sustainability and social stability for the rear regions and a catalyst for stabilising the situation in the liberated territories. Today’s conditions dictate the need to find new approaches to restoring and ensuring sustainable growth of territories, given the limited list of influence parameters. Purpose. The article aims to analyze the impact of the budgetary determinant on ensuring the resilience of territorial communities in the context of the war in Ukraine and to outline the guidelines for restoring their economic growth/development. Results. In the article, in the context of four types of communities (communities in the frontline regions, regions where Ukraine’s control has been restored, communities in the supporting regions and communities in the rear regions), the author considers the peculiarities of accumulation of financial resources in the conditions of war; identifies changes in the functioning and development of territorial communities of Ukraine, which manifested themselves in: a) an increase in the number of territorial communities in need of financial support from the State budget; b) an increase in the disproportions in the index of taxpaying capacity of communities; c) loss of economic potential of communities in economically developed regions, where communities with a high level of fiscal capacity and financial stability were concentrated in the pre-war period.. The reasons for the destructive changes in the financial indicators of individual communities are identified. Conclusions. It is argued that the risks of disruption to resilience for frontline rear, support communities and communities where Ukraine’s control has been restored are different, and therefore approaches to managing the development of territories and ensuring their resilience are also different. The need to modernize the system of interbudgetary equalization of the financial capacity of communities was emphasized. The author outlines the guidelines for restoring economic growth of communities in the context of the identified types.

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Kibaroğlu, Onat. „Self Sovereign Digital Identity on the Blockchain: A Discourse Analysis“. Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, Nr. 2 (2020): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(2).65-79.2020.

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As a technology that can be traced back to the late 1990s in its structural fundamentals, ‘blockchain’ came into mainstream public discourse as of 2017. Previously discussed in the fringes of the technology-savvy circles, blockchain has now become a global phenomenon and indeed an industry that is rapidly growing and capturing a notable share of the public imagination along with academic discourse. Blockchain’s emergence in the realm of technology is essentially thanks to the invention of bitcoin as both a speculative asset and as a digital store of value. Many governments around the world have made public claims regarding their enthusiasm for adopting ‘blockchain’ in various ways; varying from Russia, Estonia, and Ukraine in Europe all the way to Venezuela in Latin America and even the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean. This paper puts out the objective of achieving self-sovereign identities on the blockchain is a promise that has not yet manifested on the ground, albeit it disproportionately captures a significant share of the contemporary discourse on the three larger concepts of self-sovereignty, digital identity, and the blockchain. A key reason for the lack of manifestation of this promise is that there is little agreement as to what is actually meant by ‘self-sovereign identities’ —in stark comparison to the major consensus over the concepts of ‘blockchain’ or ‘cryptocurrencies’. In order to explore the genealogy of the core concept of ‘identity’, the theoretical genesis of ‘biopolitics’ is consulted, demonstrating that our contemporary technological epoch is best defined as an era of the emergence of ‘bio digital’ power. The paper ultimately argues that the reason for this disproportional share of discourse is created by certain actors to utilize the growing rhetoric on ‘blockchain’ and the libertarian notion of ‘self-sovereignty’ as façades to potentially pursue capitalist objectives. Keywords: blockchain, self-sovereignty, bitcoin, capitalism, digital identity, privacy, data, cryptocurrencies.

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Kraikivska, H. Yu, B. V. Gutyj, A. V. Hunchak, V. M. Hunchak, L. P. Horalskyi, I. M. Sokulskyi, T. V. Martyshuk et al. „Functional state and protein-synthesizing function of the liver of laying hens under conditions of cadmium loading“. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, Nr. 99 (05.09.2023): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9928.

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The toxicity of cadmium in the bird's body depends on the penetration method, the total dose, and the duration of poisoning. That is why the work aimed to study the effect of Cadmium on liver function disorders. To achieve the set goal in experiments on chickens under cadmium load, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to study the effect of cadmium on the protein synthesis function of the liver of laying hens; to study the effect of cadmium on the functional state of the liver of laying hens. 24 laying hens aged 78 weeks were selected for research. These chickens were divided into three groups: control and two experimental, taking into account their age and weight. Chickens from the control group received compound feed and clean water without adding cadmium sulfate. In the chickens of the experimental groups, cadmium sulfate was added to the drinking water in different concentrations for 30 days: the first group (R1) – 2 mg per kilogram of body weight, the second group (R2) – 4 mg per kilogram of body weight. According to the conducted studies, it was found that in laying hens under conditions of cadmium load, the functional state of the liver is disturbed, as evidenced by the increased activity of aminotransferases in their blood serum. It is worth noting that the highest activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases was in the blood serum of laying hens of the second experimental group on the 21st day of the experiment. The results indicate an increase in destructive processes in the body of laying hens due to cadmium loading. In laying hens under cadmium load, the liver's protein synthesis function is suppressed, manifested by a decrease in the level of total protein and albumins, with a simultaneous increase in the level of globulins. Drinking cadmium sulfate with water in a larger dose (4 mg/kg of body weight) was accompanied by a more probable decrease in total protein and albumin level than drinking cadmium sulfate in a smaller dose (2 mg/kg of body weight). Under cadmium load, an albumin-globulin disproportion occurs, which is indicated by the value of the A/G ratio. In the chickens of the first experimental group, it was found that the value of the A/G ratio on the 21st day of the experiment was 0.42, while in the second experimental group, it was lower and was 0.39, respectively, against the control 0.52.

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Kornilovitch, Vladimir. „The Level of Development of the Region as a Factor of Strategic Planning“. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 15, Nr. 1 (14.03.2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/1999-9836-2019-10056.

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The Object of the Study. Strategic planning as a type of government activity for the implementation of the state’s strategic management function. The Subject of the Study. Features of forming of public attitudes to state strategic planning in the conditions of different levels of modernization of the regions. The Purpose of the Study. Identification of sociological grounds for constructing a promising model of state strategic management. The Main Provisions of the Article. Strategic management is the highest function of the state. It is implemented by the authorities through the system of state strategic planning and a specific type of management activity - the development and implementation of strategies, projects and programs. The problem in the state strategic management is manifested in the fact that targeted actions of the authorities on the implementation of strategies, national projects and long-term development programs have unforeseen consequences. The continuing growth of territorial disproportions in the socioeconomic, and sociocultural development of cities and regions of Russiya indicates that the modernization of Russian society ir a spontaneous, fragmentary, rather than a manageable process. The article presents an analysis of the results obtained in the course of the study “Civil Expertise of the Problem of Reforming the Power-Management Vertical in the Context of Socio-Cultural Modernization Processes of the Regions: From Monitoring States to Forecasting Design” (RNF, 2015-2017, Head - Dr.S. A Tikhonov). On the basis of empirical data, the author demonstrates the potential of sociological tools in studying the properties of social management systems emerging at the municipal, regional and federal levels. It is proved that when a certain level of modernization of the region is reached, there is an increase in the influence of the subjective factor in management, which, along with others, determines the ability of authorities to achieve the planned results of long-term development. Differentiation of regions according to the level of socio-economic and socio-cultural development as well as the existing set of social management systems do not allow to implementat linear dependencies in management relations. The initial condition for constructing a new model of state strategic management is a combination of institutional, normative-value management ,and developming macro-technology at the federal, regional and municipal levels. �аз�c� �� W� муниципальном уровне – менеджмент.

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Bertsun, K., O. Rubina, O. Gorbatyuk, A. Sasiuk und O. Lukiyanets. „CONGENITAL DEFECTS OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL IN NEWBORNS: TRADITIONS AND NEW TENDENCIES“. Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 12, Nr. 2(44) (08.08.2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.xii.2.44.2022.2.

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Introduction. The problem of treatment of newborns with congenital malformations of the anterior abdominal wallremains relevant due to the increasing number of malformations such as gastroschisis and omphalocele in newborns as wellas high complications and mortality.The aim of this work is to improve the effectiveness of treatment of newborns suffering from gastroschisis andomphalocele by optimizing pre-, intra- and postoperative management of patients.Material and research methods. The results of examination and treatment of 55 newborns with gastroschisis and 22 newbornswith omphalocele were analyzed for the period from 1993 to 2021. Examination algorithm included: antenatal counseling ofpregnant women, postnatal consultation and transportation of the newborn to the institution where the defect correction, clinical,laboratory and instrumental examination, bacteriological examinations, histological examination of surgical material, measurementof intra-abdominal pressure will be performed to determine adequate surgical correction of the malformation.Results and discussion. Studies in infants suffering from gastroschisis and omphalocele and viscero-abdominaldisproportion have shown an increase in the intra-abdominal pressure at all stages of correction, which significantly affectedthe mechanical properties of the lungs and manifested a decrease in lung distension, increased airway resistance andincreased inspiratory pressure. During surgical correction of viscero-abdominal disproportion at all stages of the study, themechanical properties of the newborn's lungs changed (compliance decreased, airway resistance increased), being directlydependent on the level of intra-abdominal pressure, as evidenced by the main groups of patients suffering from omphalocele.The maximum change in the mechanical properties of the lungs was observed at 24-48 hours after correction of visceroabdominal disproportion and coincided with the maximum figures for the increase in intra-abdominal pressure in newborns.Adequate lung ventilation under conditions of maximum increase in intra-abdominal pressure in newborns was achievedby increasing PIP to high numbers (up to 20-22 cm of water column) at 24-48 hours after correction of viscero-abdominaldisproportion with a gradual moderate decrease and retention of PEEP within the limits of 4-5 cm of water column.In the main groups of patients suffering from gastroschisis and omphalocele, normalization of disturbance of themechanical properties of the lungs (compliance and resistance) was faster than in the comparison groups. This was due to thefact that the level of intra-abdominal hypertension was taken into account when choosing the method of surgical correctionand infusion therapy in the mode of normovolemic hemodilution. In the study of peripheral hemodynamics (abdominal bloodflow) it was found that in the comparison groups in patients suffering from gastroschisis and omphalocele, higher indicesof resistance in the superior mesenteric and renal arteries, indicating impaired blood flow in the above vessels. In the main groups of patients suffering from gastroschisis and omphalocele, these indicators were significantly lower, which indicatesa better abdominal blood flow in patients in whom the choice of surgical correction method was taken into account whenchoosing the method of surgical correction.Intra-abdominal hypertension is one of the important reasons for the development of negative consequences when closingthe malformation of the anterior abdominal wall in newborns suffering from gastroschisis and omphalocele. Therefore,one of the main directions of improving the results of treatment of newborns with congenital malformation of the anteriorabdominal wall is the development and introduction of new methods for diagnosis of intraabdominal hypertension in practicalneonatal surgery and taking measures to prevent abdominal compartment syndrome.Depending on the condition of the child and the type of congenital malformation of the anterior abdominal wall, thetreatment tactics foresaw the following three options:1. Primary radical operation.2. Stage-by-stage surgical treatment.3. Conservative treatment followed by surgery.While analyzing the results of the study, it can be noted that a total of 26 newborns died of congenital defects of theanterior abdominal wall after surgery, including 18 children from the comparison group (1993-2004) and 8 from the mainstudy group (2005-2021), which amounted to 52,94% and 18,60% respectively. The main causes of death were neonatalsepsis, profound prematurity and severe comorbidities.Conclusions:1. Taking into account the results of treatment of newborns suffering from gastroschisis and omphalocele, it can bestated that the reduction of mortality in newborns by 3 times is primarily due to the introduction of neonatal surgery innew approaches to diagnosis, pre- and postoperative management, anesthesia and individualized surgical correction of thispathology.2. Intra-abdominal hypertension in case of congenital malformations of the anterior abdominal wall leads to a significantdeterioration of the mechanical properties of the lungs, hemodynamic disorders, oliguria, intestinal ischemia, decreasedorgan perfusion.3. Increased intra-abdominal hypertension was an indication for a change in surgical tactics - the abandonment of radicalplastic surgery of the abdominal wall and the transition to staged intervention or the use of surgical techniques that increasethe volume of the abdominal cavity.

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Parma, Roman. „Civil activity of generations in modern Russian society“. Vestnik instituta sotziologii 13, Nr. 2 (28.06.2022): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2022.13.2.788.

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The article presents the results of a sociological study of the manifestations of social activity of representatives of various age groups (young, mature, old age) of citizens of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to assess the scale and specifics of intergenerational contradictions and gaps in modern Russian society. These contradictions are due to disproportions in the demographic structure of the population and the financial situation of generations. Intergenerational gaps are manifested primarily in differences in value systems, vision of the image of the future, mastery of digital skills, as well as in the practices of forms of activity and motivations for civil participation. The study is based on the theory of generations. The network approach was chosen as the methodological basis. The method of collecting empirical data was an online survey of Russian citizens aged 15 years and older (N = 1600), the formation of a sample population was subject to representation by age, gender and area of residence. The study compared the civil activity of generations by the level of social interaction, readiness for joint actions and the intensity of civil actions. There were revealed differences in the problem field and motives for civil participation of generations. The study shows the preferred forms of civic engagement of generations in offline and online spaces. The revealed ratio of forms of civil activity is compared with the data of the survey of the social and political activity of Russians VCIOM-Sputnik. The vision by different age groups of key ways for the development of civil engagement is also indicated. The article partly explains generational gaps by age differences in the choice of informational channels and the level of digital skills. If previouly in offline civil engagement, a higher level of participation corresponded to an increase in the age of citizens, then in the digital environment, the younger generation shows a greater readiness for civil action. Based on the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion about the low potential of civil engagement, that is due to the frustration of Russians' social relations during periods of socialisation of generations. The author believes that there is a weak social interaction and a high level of disunity between citizens in Russian society. The younger generation, despite the high declared civil activity, unlike the older generations, is not disposed to make significant efforts in social activity and shows a penchant for collectivist forms of participation. With a weak potential for activity, the development of Russian civil society can be facilitated by the assistance of state institutions that harmonise relations between generations.

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Loginovskiy, O. V., E. A. Lyaskovskaya und R. R. Gabdulin. „PROBLEMS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION“. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 23, Nr. 3 (2023): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr230307.

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The work is devoted to the study of the processes of digital transformation of economic entities considered as open socio-economic systems. With the use of statistical data, the further development of digital transformation processes, as well as the need to develop information-analytical and methodological support for the management of these processes, is substantiated. The essence is systematized and the author's concept of digital transformation of the socio-economic system is developed, its goals and directions for various levels of the economy are considered. The stages, directions and indicators of the digital transformation of public administration are considered. The directions and dynamics of the digital transformation of the subjects of the Russian Federation and its problems are studied. The purpose of the study is to study digital transformation in the context of managing the development of socio-economic systems, states of the subject, object and management system, as well as the formation of a complex of problem fields of digital transformation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the context of their functional, structural, resource and information characteristics as open dynamic socio-economic systems. Materials and methods. The statistical basis of the new study was data from Russian and foreign analytical agencies, data from Rosstat and international statistical databases that characterize the processes of informatization and digitalization of the Russian and world economies, data on digital transformation strategies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, presented on the websites of the Government of Russia, federal and regional executive authorities. The study used methods of correlation-regression, cluster, structural and content analysis, as well as a systematic approach. The theoretical and methodological base was the work of Russian and foreign researchers, reports of world and Russian consulting agencies and research centers, legal documents of the Russian Federation and international organizations. Results. The role, meaning and functions of digitalization are systematized. A definition of digital transformation has been developed as a characteristic of a socio-economic system used to describe the goals, process and results of digital deve¬lopment, leading to a transformational change in the parameters of the control and managed systems, transferring systems to a qualitatively new level, which manifests itself in a radical change in the business model, business processes, products and services. Regional disproportions in the digital development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are diagnosed. The problematic fields of digital transformation of the subjects of the Russian Federation are identified in the context of 4 components – their functional, structural, informational and resource description as SES. Conclusion. The developed concept of digital transformation is based on the system paradigm and can be used to develop a set of methods, models, indicators and indicators for the digital development of socio-economic systems. The developed complex of problematic fields of digital transformation of the subjects of the Russian Federation as SES can be used to develop management decision support systems, activate the digital development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, increase its effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability.

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Smahliuk, L. V., H. V. Voronkova, A. Ye Karasiunok, A. V. Liahovska und V. I. Smahliuk. „INTERACTION BETWEEN DENTO-MAXILLOFACIAL ANOMALIES AND GENERAL-SOMATIC HUMAN CONDITION (LITERATURE REVIEW)“. Ukrainian Dental Almanac, Nr. 4 (26.12.2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2019.08.

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The main task of modern orthodontics is to create a balanced and morphologically stable occlusion in harmony with facial aesthetics and functional adaptation. Over the last decade, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the prevalence of malocclusion, which reaches 80% according to current scientific literature and sometimes it exceeds this percentage. Researchers note a constant and statistically significant correlation between the permanent occlusion pathology and the state of somatic health in adolescence. On the other hand, the interdisciplinary approach is one of the most urgent tasks of modern orthodontics and a constant object of searching for new methods of diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between dento-facial anomalies and somatic pathology. Materials and methods. Literary sources were reviewed on the relationship of malocclusion with the general diseases and the obtained data were analysed. Discussion. The human body is a biological system consisting of interconnected and subordinate elements. The peculiarities of their structure and relations are subordinated to their functioning as part of a single integral mechanism. Most authors note the existence of a direct interconnection between the general somatic pathology and anomalies of the dento-facial system. When analysing the literature data, several major groups of diseases that have the greatest impact on the development of the dento-facial system are clearly distinguished: diseases of the ENT organs, the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and musculoskeletal systems. At present the scientists have substantiated the concept of commonality of factors that shape both dental status and state of somatic health. An increase in the frequency of dento-facial anomalies and deformations in 1,6-2,3 times is noted in disorder of the musculoskeletal system. In this category of children, deep incisor occlusion, distal occlusion and neutral occlusion with anomalies of individual teeth predominate. In children with scoliosis, 72.9-84.3% of cases are diagnosed with dento-facial anomalies and deformations. The position of the jaws has an effect on the spatial orientation of the head and this in turn affects the position of other structures of the body. Some researchers point to the “anterior” position of the head of patients with dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints associated with the shortening of the extensors of the sternocleidomastoid muscles. Research showed that in 89,3% of cases, children with bronchial asthma have dento-facial anomalies. Adolescence is one of the critical periods of human life, since it is precisely in adolescence that the neuroendocrine system begins to function, and sex hormones which affect the development of many body systems and the formation of reproductive health are produced. Under the action of steroid hormones, an active development of the musculoskeletal system occurs, which is manifested by the acceleration of total body growth and dento-maxillofacial growth. Insufficient secretion of estrogen leads to impaired bone mineralization and may cause abnormalities in the maxillofacial area. Impaired growth and development of the dento-facial system was detected in case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis, one third of the patients were examined. The skeletal pathology of the Angle I class, as well as impaired functional state of the TMJ were diagnosed. Thyroid hormone and thyroxin stimulates growth in the sphenoid-occipital synchondrosis, nasal cartilage and the growth of the upper jaw in the area of bone sutures, thereby determining of the size and position of the upper jaw. As a result of a decrease in thyroxin level, there is a delay in craniofacial growth, disproportional development, retroposition of the upper jaw and decrease in the length of the mandible. Thus, the correlation of malocclusion in children and adolescents with common diseases arise. Therefore, the diagnosis, tactics of treatment and prevention of dental anomalies and deformities should be considered in the context of the integrity of the unformed organism of the child, the interdependence of the form and functions of its organs and systems.

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Aparicio-Valdez, Luis. „La gestion empresarial en latinoamérica y su impacto en las relaciones laborales“. Articles 44, Nr. 1 (12.04.2005): 124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050476ar.

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Les relations du travail en Amérique Latine se caractérisent par la présence traditionnelle d'un autoritarisme étatique qui se manifeste par une intervention continuelle, une législation abondante et parfois contradictoire, ainsi que par un conflit permanent. Tout cela dans un cadre social hétérogène dans lequel les relations du travail ont depuis peu cesse d'être atomisé pour se centraliser dans les branches industrielles. Ces caractéristiques normalisent toujours les relations du travail en Amérique Latine, mais leur poids diminue chaque fois que de nouveaux facteurs, tant internes qu'externes, entrent en jeu. Les nouvelles tendances, encore embryonnaires, amplifient le caractère extra juridique de la relation employeur-travailleur, de même que l'autonomie des acteurs immédiats en relations du travail, ainsi que la faible présence d'une optique coopérative et participative. La gestion patronale a joué un rôle principal dans cette évolution, particulièrement dans les domaines nouveaux, là où l'absence de tradition a facilité l'innovation. Les multinationales et le secteur d'exportations non traditionnel constituent les meilleurs exemples. Ce résumé a pour objet de présenter ces nouvelles tendances, d'identifier les facteurs internes et externes qui les ont générés, ainsi que d'offrir une base de comparaison pour faciliter une évolution globale de l'état des relations du travail au niveau international. Facteurs internes : La gestion patronale actuelle en Amérique Latine montre qu'il y a une crise complexe chez les protagonistes des relations du travail, c'est-à-dire les travailleurs, les employeurs et l'État. D'un cote, l'augmentation inusitée des grèves locales et nationales, le caractère « illégal » de la majorité des grèves locales dues à l'échec de la négociation collective, ou encore, leur emploi comme outil de solution des conflits, et enfin, l'importante complexité des demandes constituent les principaux problèmes. La source immédiate de ceux-ci est syndicale, alors que les causes plus profondes se rencontrent, pour la majorité, en dehors du contrôle des acteurs. À cause de cette distanciation, les relations se polarisent chaque fois plus. Les relations du travail doivent ainsi en venir à se rencontrer devant un tiers, l'État, qui lui aussi, devient chaque fois plus décisif. De l'autre cote, le maintien, l'accroissement ou le changement fréquent des lois du travail ainsi que la partialité des gouvernements en place soit avec les employeurs ou les travailleurs, reflètent la continuité ou l'augmentation de l'interventionnisme étatique dans la détérioration des relations entre les parties. Les réajustements périodiques des salaires selon les changements au cout de la vie dus à l'inflation, par exemple, exigent des employeurs qu'ils réajustent subséquemment leurs politiques salariales et leurs couts divers. Les changements dans la législation imposent une adaptation de la part des employeurs. En général, l'important interventionnisme étatique ainsi que le réglementarisme limitent de manière irrationnelle le mouvement autonome des relations du travail. Cependant, autant les employeurs que les travailleurs ont exercé, ces dernières années, une force extraordinaire tendant à changer, en leur faveur, le schéma et les règles qui gouvernent les relations du travail. Tous deux ont influencé le processus politique afin de limiter le déterminisme étatique dans les deux secteurs de la propriété, publique et privée, mais aussi dans le but de forcer la réconciliation avec leur acteur rival et ceci, en accord avec la logique de leurs propres intérêts. Le solde net de ce changement a été une relative ouverture du système traditionnel des relations du travail vers des formes nouvelles de relations, comme le système d'administration des ressources humaines, la concertation sociale, la négociation par branche industrielle et la transformation du régime du travail dans le secteur public, particulièrement dans les entreprises de l'État. Facteurs externes : La crise économique que vivent pratiquement tous les pays de cette région, l'accroissement disproportionne de l'offre de travail et de ses accompagnateurs naturels comme le chômage et le travail au noir, l'intervention excessive de l'État dans l'économie, de même que son centralisme, et le défi de la concurrence internationale basé sur l'internationalisation des facteurs de production sont les changements contextuels qui ont eu un impact majeur dans les relations du travail en Amérique Latine. Ceux-ci ont exercé une influence variable aussi bien sur les facteurs internes mentionnes plus haut que sur les relations du travail elles-mêmes, de façon directe. La gestion patronale a répondu à ces divers facteurs avec une grande variété de critères et d'actions. Une des réponses a été l'adoption de systèmes d'administration du personnel en remplacement du système de relations du travail. Même si cette pratique est naissante, son développement rapide, et ceci dans les secteurs les pins modernes et les plus rentables (les multinationales en constituent l'avant-garde), lui a concédée une importance majeure ces dernières années. Le système d'administration des ressources humaines est un concept radicalement différent de celui du système traditionnel des relations du travail. Alors que le premier est centre sur la relation individuelle employeur-travailleur, le second l'est sur la relation collective employeur-syndicat. L'expérience latino-américaine montre que la tendance actuelle va vers la superposition des systèmes. Les entreprises qui furent organisées sous le système traditionnel de relations du travail continuent dans cette direction, alors que les nouvelles entreprises, particulièrement celles qui participent aux secteurs les plus modernes de l'économie, ont l'option d'essayer un ou l'autre des systèmes, ou encore l'intégration des deux. Dans le cas où le système de l'administration des ressources humaines est adopte, le raisonnement logique est de donner fréquemment des avantages non économiques aux travailleurs, afin qu'ils ne voient pas la nécessité de recourir à la syndicalisation, ou encore, dans le but de diminuer les sources de conflit. Trois types de stratégies ont été pratiques dans divers pays : a) la création d'associations professionnelles dans le champ des ressources humaines et de l'administration du personnel, avec pour objectif d'améliorer le recrutement et la promotion dans l'emploi; b) la création et le développement de mécanismes destines à motiver les travailleurs, comme les cercles de qualité, les comités mixtes travailleurs-direction de l'entreprise et les programmes d'incitation non pécuniaires; c) l'ouverture d'alternatives participatives, aussi bien dans la gestion (cogestion, cogouvernement ou codétermination), que dans les bénéfices et la propriété de l'entreprise. Cette dernière stratégie a généralement été exécutée dans des conditions de faible stabilité du travail et de faible influence de la négociation collective. La motivation du travailleur a été le centre d'attention de divers programmes crées sous l'initiative de l'employeur. Les cercles de qualité sont les plus répandus en Amérique Latine, mais des comités de productivité, des programmes de préretraite et des clubs sociaux à l'intérieur de l'entreprise ont aussi été formes. En quelques mots, l'adoption du système d'administration des ressources humaines, même si elle est récente, est déjà une réalité en Amérique Latine. Le développement et l'établissement général de ces programmes sont ici plus que de simples souhaits des acteurs sociaux. On pourrait dire qu'il leur reste à traverser le même niveau de difficultés que le développement économique des pays latino-américains.

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Kołodziej, Aleksandra, Mikołaj Magnuski, Anastasia Ruban und Aneta Brzezicka. „No relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry and depressive disorders in a multiverse analysis of five studies“. eLife 10 (26.05.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.60595.

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For decades, the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) – a disproportion in EEG alpha oscillations power between right and left frontal channels – has been one of the most popular measures of depressive disorders (DD) in electrophysiology studies. Patients with DD often manifest a left-sided FAA: relatively higher alpha power in the left versus right frontal lobe. Recently, however, multiple studies failed to confirm this effect, questioning its reproducibility. Our purpose is to thoroughly test the validity of FAA in depression by conducting a multiverse analysis – running many related analyses and testing the sensitivity of the effect to changes in the analytical approach – on data from five independent studies. Only 13 of the 270 analyses revealed significant results. We conclude the paper by discussing theoretical assumptions underlying the FAA and suggest a list of guidelines for improving and expanding the EEG data analysis in future FAA studies.

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Vorontsova, Anna, Veronika Barvinok und Yuriy Petrushenko. „ANALYSIS OF THE KEY TRENDS THAT CAUSE DISPROPORTIONS S IN LABOR MARKET“. Scientific opinion: Economics and Management, Nr. 6(76) (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32836/2521-666x/2021-76-12.

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This article is devoted to the analysis of the main trends that cause disproportions in the labor market of Ukraine. To do this, the authors consider the conceptual and categorical tools of the field of labor market research based on existing researches his field. In particular, it was determined the essence of such concepts as employment, employed and unemployed, job vacancies in the labor market and registered unemployed, and others. Additionally, it was theoretically investigated the term "conjuncture" of the market, which is mostly affected by external, accidental, or other, uncharacteristic fluctuations, which lead to certain structural changes. The concepts described above allowed forming an understanding of supply and demand in the labor market and their relationship in the establishment of the situation. Specifically, to consignee the demand, authors used the data of job vacancies and to consignee the supply used a number of unemployed and a number of registered unemployed. The next step is to analyze the main trends in the labor market, which is possible based on official statistics of the State Employment Center and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for the period 2006-2020. Such analysis was made for finding trends, which led to an imbalance in the labor market during the researches period. In general, there are negative trends in the labor market of Ukraine, manifested in rising unemployment and declining employment, the mismatch between the number of vacancies in the labor market (demand) and the number of registered unemployed (supply). For a more systematic analysis, the authors examined the presence of disparities in certain types of economic activities, identified in accordance with NACE-2010, which allows identifying key areas of mismatch. The key areas for demand and supply by economic activities were presented by graphic method in four figures. The analysis years were 2006, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The analysis of these trends, which leads to labor market imbalances, provides an opportunity to identify measures in advance to balance the situation in the labor market and identify areas of economic activity in which there is the greatest imbalance.

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Toshchenko, Zhan. „Society of Trauma as a Third Modality of Development (Debatable Problems of Russia’s Present and Future From the Standpoint of Critical Marxism)“. Critical Sociology, 04.02.2022, 089692052110649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08969205211064927.

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The article makes an attempt to prove that along with the recognized concepts of the development of civilization—evolution and revolution—at the present time, it is necessary to talk about such a modality as a society of trauma. At present, 53 countries out of 192 members of the United Nations have been stagnating and recessing for many years, which manifested itself in the disorganization of the national economy, in political instability, in the growth of poverty, and social tension. Particular attention is paid to Russia, which can be attributed as traumatized society. The reasons for the formation of a society of trauma in Russia, its main features are analyzed: disproportions of the national economy, growth of social inequality, and attempts to implement new forms of class struggle. In conclusion, proposals are formulated for getting out of the traumatized state of society.

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Nyahunda, Louis, Frans Koketso Matlakala und Jabulani Calvin Makhubele. „Factors Impeding the Participation of Rural Women in the Climate Change Discourse: A Requirement for Social Work Intervention“. Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 32, Nr. 3 (31.10.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2708-9355/7771.

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The disproportional impacts of climate change on rural women are undisputable. Climate change impacts that manifest through droughts, heat waves, floods, scarcity of water and depletion of the natural resource base are becoming more precarious in the lives and livelihoods of rural women. This study aims to delineate factors hampering the participation of rural women in the climate change discourse in the Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. The study adopted the qualitative methodology guided by a multi-case study design. A sample of 24 participants was selected through multistage sampling techniques. Rural women and social workers participated in the study. The data were collected using focus group discussions and semi-structured individual interviews and were analysed thematically. The study established that rural women in the Vhembe District are not participating in climate change decision-making processes, especially when it comes to community level politics where climate change-related decisions are made. Furthermore, the pervasive patriarchal dominance in the district discriminates against women and prevents them from acquiring land and property rights as well as adequate information about climate change adaptation and mitigation. The low social status of women is reducing their efforts to participate in the climate change discourse despite their perennial vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. These challenges faced by rural women in the climate change discourse are a cause for concern for the social work profession which is premised on enhancing human well-being.

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Cai, Cuihong, und Ruoyang Zhang. „Fragmentation of global cybersecurity governance: quasi-public goods and multi-level conflicts“. Global Political Economy, 22.04.2024, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/26352257y2024d000000016.

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In recent years, the contradiction between the need for collaborative global cybersecurity governance and the fragmentation of the cybersecurity governance system has become particularly prominent. How can we understand the fragmentation of the global cybersecurity governance structure? Based on the assumption that international cybersecurity is a quasi-public good, this article attempts to analyse the fragmentation of cybersecurity governance and its causes from the perspectives of supply and consumption of cybersecurity products by drawing on theories about quasi-public goods and using comparative analysis and case studies. From the supply perspective, the two main cybersecurity supply models, mainly sovereign states and international organisations, are fragmented to a certain extent in terms of governance concepts, governance models, governance rules and governance institutions, respectively. From the perspective of consumers, in the process of global cybersecurity supply, the unreasonable price structure, distribution structure and the disproportion between the distribution structure and price are the main reasons for the emergence of the fragmentation problem, which is manifested in the variability of interests and demands of multiple cybersecurity governance subjects, the insufficient effectiveness of the global cyber governance mechanism, the high participation cost brought about by cyber hegemony, and the deficiency of democratic legitimacy and representation in the current global cybersecurity governance. The fragmentation of global cyber governance is precisely a response to global governance failure triggered by the imbalance between supply and demand of international cybersecurity as a quasi-public good.

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Абуали, Али, Ali Abuali, М. Перькова, M. Perkova, Мохаммед Хасан Аль-Савафи und Mohammed Hasan Al'-Savafi. „STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IRAQ PLANS AND PROGRAMS“. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov, 06.08.2019, 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5d4961131d20d6.18825124.

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The interaction of architectural, urban planning activities and the natural environment is manifested at all hierarchical levels and its results need to be foreseen. The role of strategic environmental assessment is closely related to the concept of sustainability, since it is a tool that identifies the environmental impact of plans and programs implemented in the territory. The study examines the role of strategic environmental assessment in achieving sustainability of plans and programs at the international level, and concentrates on the problems of strategic environmental planning in Iraq. Strategic environmental assessment is a comprehensive process for assessing the impact of plans and programs on the environment. The previous studies have shown the effectiveness of using methods of strategic environmental assessment in promoting the comprehensive development of the territory; the ability of the public to participate in the assessment of environmental and social aspects of policies, plans, and programs. The purpose of the strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is to eliminate disproportions in the development of territories. A comparison of SEA and environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been carried out. In Iraq, strategic environmental assessment has been found to be a relatively new phenomenon. Its use in strategic planning of the territory will contribute to increasing the sustainability of development in Iraq, its application will be efficient in the country and its regions, and will ensure public participation in this process.

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Masliuk, Alla, Olena Lozhkina, Oleksandr Orobchenko, Volodymyr Klochkov, Svitlana Yefimova und Nataliya Kavok. „PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE DUODENUM OF RATS IN CASE OF SUBCHRONIC PERORAL ADMINISTRATION OF GADOLINIUM ORTHOVANADA-TE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF FOOD STRESS“. SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH 60, Nr. 2 (06.02.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.26873/svr-1672-2023.

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In our research, we were interested in the actual presence of adaptive or negative reactions in the wall of the small intestine of white rats under the influence of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles in the range of doses (≈0.03-0.3 mg/kg of body weight) under conditions of food stress (due to an excess of fiber and lack of protein in the diet) and their degree of manifestation, since this type of ration disproportion occurs quite often in Ukraine. Nanoparticles of gadolinium orthovanadate have a significant potential for use in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as in the range of doses of 0.03-0.15 mg/kg of body weight, they prevent negative effects on the intestinal mucosa, even in conditions of feed stress. It has been established that administration of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles in doses of 0.03 and 0.15 mg/kg of body weight to white rats with drinking water for 56 and 28 days, respectively, leads to activation of the mechanical and immunological barrier of the mucous membrane, as indicated by an increase goblet cells, hyperplasia of enterocytes of some crypts, thickening of villi and infiltration by lymphocytes of the own plate, which reach the control level 14 days after stopping their administration. However, increasing the dose of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles to 0.3 mg/kg of body weight in conditions of food stress leads to the depletion of the adaptive capabilities of the intestinal mucosa and excessive activation of the immunological barrier, which were manifested by dystrophic changes from the 14th day of administration, which deepened to the 56th day and do not level off after 14 days after stopping administration.

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„The Future of Municipalities in Metropolitan Areas: Evolution of Views on Metropolitan Governance“. Economic Policy 14, Nr. 1 (Februar 2019): 126–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2019-1-126-153.

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In the 21st century, metropolitan areas will become the main supporting territories for the development of the Russian economy. Their development is associated with agglomeration problems, caused by the strengthening of “external effects”, which are manifested in a disproportional distribution of income across the metropolitan area, a gap in the quality of service delivery, and a decrease in economic and administrative management effectiveness. The catalyst for agglomeration problems is the high fragmentation of authority, the absence of a single decision-making center in the metropolitan area. Fragmentation can be eliminated in a number of ways. The answer to the question of how to solve the agglomeration problems and the future of municipalities in the metropolitan area is provided by three main theories of metropolitan governance: the theory of Metropolitan Reform, the theory of Public Choice, and the New Regionalism. This research analyzes and compares the data of theories, discusses the results of their practical application, and shows the strengths and weaknesses. On agglomeration statistics of OECD countries for 1951–2010, historical periods of their popularity are revealed. With probability of 99%, the hypothesis about the influence of civilizational features of the countries on the duration of the periods of theories’ popularity, and also on propensity to the centralized/decentralized model of metropolitan governance, is statistically proved.

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Szczepańska, Agnieszka, und Adam Senetra. „Forests as the key component of green belts surrounding urban areas“. BALTIC FORESTRY 25, Nr. 1 (20.06.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/vol25iss1pp141.

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The development of Polish cities leads to the urbanization of the surrounding rural areas. This process induces changes in the land-use structure, which is manifested by the expansion of urbanized and developed areas at the expense of open areas. The National Urban Development Plan until 2030 has introduced the concept of obligatory green belts around metropolitan and regional hubs to prevent uncontrolled suburbanization and to promote rational urban development. Green belts are protective areas that serve numerous functions, increase the quality of life and promote the ecological cohesion of space. Green belts limit urban sprawl and maintain urban open spaces that are accessible to city residents for recreational purposes. They also contribute to the local climate and act as sanitary cordons. The main components of green belts are green spaces, river valleys and forests. Therefore, the size as well as the distribution of forests around urban centers are important considerations. This study analyzes the distribution and spatial continuity of forests and the spatial relationships (spatial autocorrelations) between the forests situated in the rural suburbia of Olsztyn in north-eastern Poland. Suburban municipalities were analyzed at the level of cadastral districts (villages). The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the spatial continuity of forests by grouping similar objects and identifying areas which could be included in green belts. The location quotient (LQ) and Gini’s coefficient were taken into account in the analysis of the spatial distribution of forests. Local Moran’s statistics were calculated and spatial clusters were identified to illustrate the diversity of the examined suburban space based on the similarity of the neighboring objects (cadastral districts) and to determine the statistical significance of these relationships. The results of the study reveal spatial irregularities and disproportions in the distribution of forests in the suburban zone of Olsztyn as well as the presence of local instabilities and discontinuities. The applied methods are a useful tool for evaluating, planning and optimizing the spatial distribution of forests around large urban centers. Spatial management solutions in the suburban zone should aim to eliminate spatial discontinuities and improve the quality of life of the local communities.

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Landika, Mirjana, Sanel Jakupović, Radmila Bojanić, Velibor Peulić, Vedran Šupuković und Wolfgang Berger. „STOCHASTIC ASPECTS OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF THE BUSINESS RESULTS PERFORMANCE OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION“. ACTA ECONOMICA 17, Nr. 31 (14.07.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/ace1931035l.

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Effective operation of a system is expressed as an aspiration to achieve excellence in business results, recognized as total elimination of prevented difference between desired values and actual values of the realized system performance, requiring identification of both environmental and internal factors, as well as an explicit expression of the form and the extent of their impact on business processes. It is heavily laden by stochastic manifestation of their values and complexity of the influence. Optimal business management is determined by the structure and the concept of the system operation, and it is expressed and measured by the extent to which a business result meets user requirements. Realization of business objectives is contained in the performance of an output vector, being a resultant of actions of the business system, in terms of separate task stages in public administration management, and also in the operation of the system as a whole. Elimination of unwanted results involves interdependence, conditioning, frequency and probability distribution of their occurrence, and also coordination of, and cooperation between, numerous resources required to achieve the desired level of operational efficiency. Testing the reagibility of realized level of customer (dis)satisfaction with the performance of administrative services, as a dependent variable, in terms of level and intensity, manifested forms of used protocols and adequacy of service provider engagement, as an input of the variable, and their expression by means of an appropriate statistical function represents the aim of research, i.e. improvement of business efficiency by means of exact results. The aforementioned procedures facilitate anticipation and correction of business results, and despite the stochastic process performance variations which are analyzed and monitored, their behavior is predicted, controlled and rationally directed towards a desired business result. The design of experiment is based on time disproportion in discovering the causes of realized level of subjective perception of satisfaction when satisfying the demand in terms of administrative services, and in the context of frequency of demandand the form of service requested. By overcoming and eliminating dissatisfaction with the performance of services, business efficiency of administrative process results is being significantly and permanently improved and the degree of employees’ satisfaction is intensified; the same is with the service users, whose final result minimizes differentiality of realized and targeted performances, and simultaneously the global optimum of the social-economic system. The conclusion in terms of the existence of intensive connections between the observed phenomena reveals the causes of the achieved level of output performance and facilitates its indirect correction by dosing the structure and intensity of the input vector.

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Tkachuk, Nataliia. „Nonlinearity and Information as Factors of Ensuring Effective Functioning of the Banking System“. University Scientific Notes, 18.07.2019, 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.37491/unz.69-70.17.

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The influence of non-linearity and information on functioning of banks has been considered in the article. The connection of nonlinear banking system with nonlinear economic paradigm which changes today linear paradigm of economic development for traditional has been underlined. The expediency of choosing economic synergetics as a new conceptual theory of a nonlinear paradigm has been grounded. The attention has been accented on the fact that the essence of nonlinearity should be interpreted as a multivariance and alternativeness of choice of ways of development as the irreversibility and speed of processes which are taking place in the banking environment. It has been noted that non-linearity property lies in disproportional reaction of the banking system to changes in the internal and external environment, which makes it possible and multialternative subsequent development of it at the points where its functioning takes place under uncertainty. It has been proven that nonlinearity of the banking system is manifested in such phenomena as ambiguity and irreversibility. On the basis of conducting of a comparative characteristic of linear and nonlinear systems, the severance of the properties of nonlinearities of the banking system development has been conducted: emergence, bifurcation, fluctuation and irreversibility. It has been emphasized that non-linear dynamics gives the possibility to reveal the essence of the process of self-organization of the banking system as a consequent change of the individual phases of order and chaos in its development. The entropy and informational nature of the modern banking system has stipulated the need for determining the dependence of the effect of its functioning from the indicator of the order of system behaviour which is stipulated by the level of filling of the system by management information. It has been established that organization and effect of the banking system's activity increases with the growth of management information in its volume, and vice versa. This connection has an exponential nature and reveals the nonlinear character of development of the banking system in constant confrontation between disorder and information in the entropy aspect of the study. The process of development of the banking system has been proposed, to consider it as interaction of linearity and nonlinearity, stability and instability, constancy and structural changes as opposed to the properties of traditional linearity, continuity and sustainability which fully reflects the synergetic vision of the development of complex economic systems.

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