Dissertationen zum Thema „Mandarin chinois“
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Chirkova, Ekaterina Yurievna. „In search of time in Peking Mandarin“. Leiden : CNWS, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399307581.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Chang. „Existential Sentences in Mandarin Chinese : (Les phrases existentielles en chinois mandarin)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation investigates the syntax and semantics of four types of Existential sentences (ESs) classified by Huang (1987) in Mandarin Chinese. These ESs are based on yǒu ‘have’ (Type I), verbs of (dis)appearances like lái ‘come’ and sǐ ‘die’ (Type II), locational verbs like zuò ‘sit' (Type III) and Presentational Amalgam Constructions (Type IV). For each type of ESs, I propose non-uniform syntactic analysis based on their syntactic and semantic properties.In Chapter 2, we investigate the yǒu ‘have’-ES both in root contexts and in certain embedded contexts. Full-fledged yǒu ‘have’-ESs are composed of a pre-yǒu localiser phrase, yǒu ‘have’, a pivot and a coda. Scholars have compared them to English there be existentials (Milsark 1974, McNally 1997). In root contexts, it is argued that the ES with a subject (a localiser phrase) has a predication structure, and the pivot denotes property. By contrast, the ES without an overt subject has an expletive subject, and the pivot is an internal argument. We argue that yǒu ‘have’ is not an unaccusative verb. With a coda, the complement of yǒu ‘have’ is argued to be a left-headed Internally Headed Relative Clause, in which the internal head moves to Spec,CP of the clause (Raising Analysis, see also Simpson 2003/1997). It is further argued that this type of RC in yǒu-ESs has a common core structure with the pre-nominal relative clause with a demonstrative head noun (without the modification marker de). This is reminiscent of the analysis that definite and indefinite free relatives share a common relative clause structure in Chuj (Kotek & Erlewine 2016).In certain embedded contexts such as rúguǒ ‘if’-clause and sentential subject, the yǒu-ES does not exhibit the Definiteness Effect (Li 1996). We follow Li in analysing the complement of yǒu ‘have’ as having a vP/VP structure. We take this vP to denote event type. The subject is an expletive. Furthermore, I provide my first analysis of Presentational Amalgam Constructions (PACs). The PAC has been studied under the name Secondary Predication Constructions in the literature (Tsai 1994, Del Gobbo 2014). The term implies the analysis in which the coda is a secondary predicate. I argue that the post-verbal sequence has a relative clause, in which the pivot is the External Head, and the coda is originally left-adjoined to the pivot. Inside the coda clause, the Internal Head NP moves and gets elided against the External Head (Matching Analysis). The surface pivot-coda order is achieved as a result of the movement of the pivot to a higher object position. This analysis partially revives Tai’s (1978) analysis
Byun, Jiwon. „L'isolat mandarin de Ganzhou“. Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study provides a linguistic analysis of the dialect isolate of Ganzhou. This study suggests that, contrary to the widely accepted hypothesis, the immigration that took place in mid-16th century to Ganzhou because of the regional economic prosperity had a significant impact on the genesis of this dialect. This happened probably during the Ming period. In order to support these suggestions, several different analyses were used in this study. First, the synchronic analysis shows that the grammatical properties of the dialect of Ganzhou are very similar to those of the Southern Mandarins. Secondly, the diachronic analysis reveals a very strong similarity between the Ganzhou dialect and the Ming/Qing koine. Finally, the results from the comparative analysis conducted with the help of the shared innovations method show that the Ganzhou dialect belongs to the same sub-group as the dialects of Liuzhou, Nanjing, and the Guanhua koine of the Ming/Qing period
Wen-Dode, Huiping. „You '(Y) avoir' grammatical dans le mandarin de Taiwan“. Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation concerns the grammatical use of you 'to have, there is' ('you VP') in Taiwan Mandarin (MT). The first part introduces the standard uses of you in Mandarin (in general) as well as some special uses of you in MT. The second part is a critical examination of previous works. In the thrid part, a detailed investigation of you in different sentence types allows us to establish the semantical, syntaxical and pragmatical role of you and to draw a list of its typical uses. It is argued that you has improved elliptical expressions and the interrogative system. In the fourth part, you is compared to le (perfectif) and to hui (irrealis). You is proved to be a modal marker (realis), thus at a higher level than le (and the other aspectual-temporal markers: guo, zai and zhe) and at the same level than hui. The use of you completes the TAM (Tense, Aspect and Mood) system. You then is compared to shi ('to be', higher verb) and is proved to be at a lower level than shi. In the last part, it is argued that the use of you in MT is natural and inevitable : it helps the restructuring of Mandarin
Sun, Reveau Hongyuan. „Interprétation temporelle des Prédicats nus en chinois mandarin“. Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis contributes to the research on tense and eventualities accross languages. It presents the first systematic investigation and detailed theoretical analysis of the temporal interpretations of sentences with bare (aspectually unmarked) predicates in mandarin. Traditionnaly considered a "tenseless" language, Mandarin lacks the morphological tense that we find in "tensed" languages such as english and french. Instead, its grammatical system displays a variety of aspectual markers giving information on the perspective on the eventuality described by the predicate. This study shows how a careful investigation of the temporal construals of sentences without overt morphological aspect can lead to novel and insightful generalizations about temporal reference in Mandarin. It attributes the contrast between stative and eventive predicates in the temporal interpretation to their argument structure, and claims that aspect must be overt in Mandarin root clauses. The interaction of past vs. Future time adverbs and bare predicates provides evidence for a covert semantic tense in Mandarin, restricting the time reference of bare root clauses to non-future times. It is argued that bare sentences yielding "future" construals involve a non-future plan
Lin, Ting-Shiu. „Coordinations de prédicats en mandarin contemporain“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this dissertation, we study the syntactic and semantic features of several coordinators of predicates in contemporary Mandarin and analyze the syntactic structures of the coordinate constructions formed by these coordinators. We investigate not only simple but also correlative coordinations. We notice that, on the one hand, the Mandarin simple coordination has most likely a head-specifier-complement structure, as Zhang Ning (2010) has proposed: the coordinator is the head, the external conjunct is the specifier and the internal conjunct is the complement. On the other hand, in contrast to Zhang Ning’s (2008) claim, we discover that the correlative coordinations of Mandarin and those of Germanic languages do not have the same syntactic configurations: the former are composed of one silent conjunction and at least two focus-sensitive particles while the latter, as previous research has noted, are made up of one overt conjunction and one focus-sensitive particle. In addition, we find out that the Mandarin coordinators of predicates differ from one another in at least one of the following respects: the syntactic categories of the elements that they can coordinate, the semantic relationships that they may build between their conjuncts and the possession of a [V] feature or a [-V] feature. Last but not least, we notice that the predicates coordinated by some coordinators must, in most of the cases, have identical aspectual features. We argue that this tendency is related to the type of semantic relationship that these coordinators build between their conjuncts
Huang, Xiaoliang. „La linéarisation dans le syntagme nominal en chinois mandarin“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNominals in Chinese show several interesting phenomena that fascinate linguists working on the generative grammar. Among these characteristics, die use of individual classifiers and the DE element are especially important. These questions have been discussed in existing literature, but one can hardly find studies which cover the whole range of phenomena in question in order to propose a coherent solution in formai syntax. This dissertation intends to carry out such a research, by paying a special attention to the numeral construction and the role of die DE element in the XP-DE-YP construction among other issues. This dissertation is grounded within the generative grammar framework. More specifically, die phenomena will be studied in the "linearization" perspective in Kayne (1994)'s sense, fundamental work that considers the relation between linear order and syntactical hierarchy. The research is organized as follows: die Chapter I is dedicated to a complete presentation of different linearization theories and their evolutionary path. This part will not put emphasis on 'Chinese data in order to keep a more general and theoretical background; die Chapter II is concerned about die numeral construction, the main tasks are to find an appropriate syntactical representation of the construction and to account for phenomena that are semantics-related such as the distinction of count and massif nouns and the interpretation of singular and plural; die Chapter III will focus on the DE element and the three following structures- complementary propositions, deverbals and relatives; the Chapter IV will investigate die syntax of non-nominal syntactical categories in Chinese in order to complete the studies in the Chapters II and III. Some conclusions regarding the linearization previously obtained will also be reconsidered more profoundly within die Minimalist Program framework
Zhang, Xiaoqian. „Expressions duratives en chinois mandarin : Une étude sur l'aspect“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01589803.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi, Dian Yu. „Causative and resultative constructions in Mandarin Chinese : a multiperspectival approach /“. Göteborg : Department of linguistics, Göteborg University, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399313256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTzen, Ming Daniel. „Nomination des lieux en france par les chinois de france,en mandarin“. Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Jinhong. „Lectures (non)-culminatives des accomplissements causatifs en mandarin : une approche expérimentale“. Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2034/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation investigates (nom-culminating construals of Mandarin causative accomplishments, which consist of two subevents, a process event brings a change of state. Mandarin causative accomplishments can be encoded either by monomorphemic causative accomplishment (MCA) verbs (e.g. shâ "kill") or by Resultative Verb Compounds (RVCs, e.g. shii-si "kill-dead"). According to their scale structures, MCA verbs are classified into two classes: gradable (having more than three degrees in the scale of state change) vs. ungradable (having only two degrees in the scale of state change).We claim that i) Unlike RVC which entail the culmination, MCA verbs in Mandarin imply the culmination, allowing nonculminating (NC) construals; ii) Gradable MCA verbs allow NC construals without adverbial modification, while ungradable MCA verbs allow NC when there are adverbial modifiers such as frequency adverbs. Moreover, based on Demirdache & Martin's (2015) Agent Control Hypothesis, we contend that agenthood also facilitates NC construals for MCA verbs. Three experiments are designed to investigate (non)-culminating readings of accomplishment verbs among Mandarin adults and children, concerning respectively accomplishments of three different constructions: (i) MCA verbs; (ii) RVCs; (iii) MCA verbs + hàojici "several times". The results with adults confirm our claim. And the results with the children suggest that they have indeed acquired the culmination inference carried by MCA verbs, as the findings for experiment 3 clearly show, but fail to cancel this inference in the absence of explicit linguistic cues. We suggest that children's overly restrictive behavioral pattern of interpretation under experiment I with MCA verbs arises because they fail to cancel the lexical implicature in the absence of linguistic cue
Pan, Junnan Boucher Paul. „Interrogation et quantification le rôle et la fonction des particules et des syntagmes interrogatifs en chinois mandarin /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=24766.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXiao, Lin. „Iconicité de la séquence temporelle en chinois mandarin contemporain“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince Haiman (1985), the iconicity of syntax is a hot topic. This subject is particularly important in the case of isolating languages, with reduced morphology, in which the word order is the main marker of syntactic structures, and, is, therefore, at the centre of grammar. Does the word order in a sentence mimic the order of the events one is speaking of or does it reflect the very order of the discourse, or is it arbitrary? In the line of Peirce (1930), Haiman (1980, 1985), Tai (1985), etc., we call ‘temporal iconicity’ the fact that succession in the time, or in the spoken chain, of constituents of a statement mimics the succession of events in a world of reference. We have extended the scope of this ‘temporal iconicity’ from events to processes and hence to the phases that compose them. The objective of this thesis is to try to develop the idea of ‘iconicity of the temporal sequence’ to its very end, starting from a definition of SVC (serial verb construction) as wide as possible to encompass any sequence of verbal constituents without overt connector. In such a way, it becomes possible to extend the study to any sequence of decomposable processes in sub-tracks in the reference world or in sub-events in the discourse world (conditional and temporal protasis-apodosis systems). If the iconicity is everywhere, it is because that the sequential marks (the constituents order), with the informations about the predicates (valence and Aktionsart) encoded in the lexicon, are essential to the functioning of the isolating languages of the type of Chinese, and that these sequential marks obey most often, at least in the case of Chinese, to iconicity
Zhao, Chen. „La structure verbale en chinois mandarin : un problème d'étiquetage ?“ Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC063.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle-résumé en anglais:The thesis mainly discusses two important syntactic phenomenons of Mandarin Chinese: verb copying constructions and BA-constructions, each of which presents a challenge to the generative approach of linguistics. I provided in the thesis a labeling analysis that allows to unify the two phenomena which are very different en the surface. In the part of verb copying constructions, I put forward the idea that the verb copying form is derived by VP movement, one of the grammatical strategies to provide a label to the unlabelable structure formed by the internal Merge between the postverbal complement and AspP, resulting in a {XP, YP} structure in the terms of Chomsky (2013). In the part of BA-construction, based on the movement hypothesis, I proposed that the movement of NP (the BA-NP) is to satisfy the subcategorization requirement of BA, and the internal Merge between the NP and the vP gives rise to a nominal structure labeled [φ], and we argue further that the role of BA is to provide a verbal label to the nominal structure under T, which otherwise, would be ruled out at the CI interface
Li, Jun. „Réalisations prosodiques de la focalisation large en mandarin : profils temporels et configurations tonales“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study discusses the prosodic problem of the broad focus in Chinese declarative nominal syntagmes and phrases. Based on the data, I show that the prosodic representation of the board focus relates to the semantic and syntactic representation of the sentence and to the individual expressive intention and purpose. Moreover, I investigate that there is some interactions between the expressive factors, the tonal effects and the broad focus prosodic representation (the accent-to-focus assignment and the intonational pattern). These results demonstrate that the prosody plays the distinctive role in the broad focus interpretation on the production and perception: on the production the prosody is considered as a factor which could be affected and changed by other aspects such as syntactic structure, semantic representation and pragmatic effect; and on the perception the prosody considered as an independent factor according to which the interlocutor captures the meaning of information transmitted
Boulin, Myriam. „Temporal Deixis and Anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese : a contrastive study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01599127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis conducts a contrastive analysis of temporal deixis and anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese through the study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents. More generally, it explores the problems linked to the encoding of time location and time relations in English, a tensed language, vs. Mandarin Chinese, an aspectual language. This research is based on the study of a bidirectional bilingual corpus of narrative texts, film dialogues and spontaneous conversations. The Mandarin markers examined include time adverbs such as xianzai `now', nashi `at that time', dangshi 'at the time', zheshi this moment' as well as the aspectual particles final le and verbal —le. It is found that deictic and anaphoric time adverbials play a more crucial role for time location in Chinese than in English while sequential adverbs are more widely used in English than in Chinese. This is linked to the fact that English is a tensed language equipped with grammatical means of temporal location, and thus in lesser need of lexical devices for temporal location, while Mandarin is an aspectual language which codes time relations between eventualities, and is thus in lesser need of sequential markers than English. Moreover, we find that the absence of tense in Chinese results in an unmarked use of proximal time deictics such as xianzai 'flow' in narratives, while the use of now in English narratives, when combined with past tense, creates a deictic shift. It is finally found that the pragmatic uses of now and then and thei Mandarin equivalents draw from the deictic and anaphoric characteristics of the markers: now is contrastive while then is continuative
Xiang, Wei. „Les quantificateurs indéfinis dans les syntagmes nominaux en chinois mandarin“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis presents a study of thirteen indefinite quantifiers in Mandarin Chinese noun phrases. Chapter 2 provides an overview of some saillant characteristics of Chinese noun phrases. In Chapter 3, the distributional properties of thirteen indefinite quantifiers, such as (i) their selectional restrictions with different semantic categories of nouns, (ii) their (in)compatibility with classifiers and (iii) their (im)possibility of coocurring with a subject NP without the existential verb yǒu ‘have’. In Chapter 4, the quantifier function of yīdiǎnr ‘a little/un peu’ is opposed to that of the minimizer yīdiǎnr ‘the least/le moindre’. Three tests are used to establish the dichotomy : (i) negation, (ii) focus constructions and (iii) conditionals. It is shown that, only in scale-reversing contexts, can the indefinite quantifier yīdiǎnr ‘a little/un peu’ function as a minimizer ‘the least/le moindre’, i.e. as a typical scalar operator
Yuan, Hua-Hung. „Quelques aspects de la quantification en chinois mandarin : pluralité et distributivité“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome phenomena of D(eterminer)-quantification and A(DVerb)/A(dverbial)-quantification in Chinese are analyzed here; in particular, (i) distributivity, defined as a distributive relation (Cf. Choe (1987)), and (ii) verbal plurality (Cf. Cusic (1981)). Two types of distributivity, labelled as "event-denoting" (1) and "individual-denoting" (2) can be found with dou 'ail' quantification and ge 'each' quantification. The four determiner quantifiers, mei 'every', reduplicated classifiers, geq 'diverse' and suoyoude 'all', necessarily in co-occurrence with dou 'all' indicate type (1) distributivity. However, the NPs modified by these determiners do not systematically yield an atomic reading, since their preverbal or postverbal position also plays a role. Mei 'every' does not only produce the distributivity of type (2), but also gives verbal plurality. In the nominal domain, reduplicated forms pluralize certain elements, whether they are nominal or verbal, and some of them can trigger thé distributivity of type (1)
Pan, Junnan. „Interrogation et quantification : le rôle et la fonction des particules et des syntagmes interrogatifs en chinois mandarin“. Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQiu, Yiqin. „L'ellipse du groupe verbal en chinois mandarin : l'architecture de la grammaire“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is devoted to the study of VP-ellipsis in Mandarin Chinese in the framework of the Minimalist Program. It focuses on the syntactic and semantic properties that are not sufficiently studied in previous studies of Verb-stranding VP-ellipsis and shi-ellipsis. This work does not intend to provide a unified analysis of all coordinated constructions containing an empty object position. Instead, it proposes that VP-ellipsis and null object constructions in Chinese are subject to different licensing and interpretation conditions. VP- ellipsis is not sensitive to islands and can always give rise to ambiguous interpretation, namely strict identity and sloppy identity. On the other hand, null object constructions are sensitive to islands and the interpretation of the null object is always bound by the discourse context. In line with the analysis of VP-ellipsis in other languages in the Minimalist framework, this dissertation proposes that V-stranding VP-ellipsis in Chinese is the result of derivation by phases. The ellipsis of the verb phrase is licensed by the phase head v whose aspectual feature is valued by the V-to-v movement of the lexical verb. This analysis provides a better explanation of the asymmetrical distribution of VP ellipsis in simple and complex constructions in Chinese. This dissertation also examines shi-ellipsis and shows that there are three types of shi- ellipsis depending on the structure of the antecedent clause, namely the verbal shi-ellipsis, focus shi-ellipsis and ye shi-ellipsis. Contrary to what is generally proposed in the literature, none of these three types of shi-ellipsis can be treated as equivalent of do-ellipsis in English
Li, Yan. „Autour des syntagmes nominaux sémantiquement pluriels en chinois mandarin et de leurs interprétations collective et distributive“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis invested the research on the semantically plural nominal phrases in Mandarin Chinese and on their collectif and distributif interpretations. It offered an analysis of the following form of pluralities : the coordinated phrase with gen, the nominals modified by the suffix -men, and the subjects or the objects of the VP modified by quan (the floating quantifier). Concerning the coordinated phrase with gen, we will show that the conjunction gen of the phrase ‘A gen B’ lexicalize the constraint of the plurality via the restrictions on the conjoint elements. Our argument is mainly based on three points : 1) the category of the conjuncts is necessarily [+N] ; 2) coordinated phrases with gen introduce only the plural individuals in the discourse and 3) this nominal phrase characterizes the semantic plural value [+Pl]. We will also examine the different types of predicates in order to retrace thedistribution of collective and distributive interpretations of the coordinated phrases with gen. Then, we look into the suffix –men and the expressions formed by this suffix and a common noun or a proper noun. The investigation will mainly concern two questions : the question of the nature of –men and the question of the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by –men in Mandarin Chinese. We will argue that –men is not a collectif marker, but preferably a plural marker. However, different from plural markers in the western languages for exemple –s, the marker –men in Mandarin Chinese which is typically a classifer language, is not obligatory. Regarding the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by -men, we will admit that they are definite plurals, because of the fact that –men attaches only to only to personal pronouns and humain nouns, the nouns which occupy a high hierarchy of animacity. In consequence, the expressions suffixed by –men partly inherit the definitude of the nature of its considerably individuated domain. Finally, we are interested in the distributive interpretation of the nominal phrases in the sentences wherethe adverbial quan (the floating quantifier) appeares. We will claim that quan imposes the distributive reading in an autonomous manner and we will put forward an analysis of adverbial quan as a modifier of event predicate. Quan targets nominals linked by θ-roles and encapsulate in this role the instruction of distribution. The distributivity reinforced by quan involves a distributive relation between two entities : the nominal which is semantically plural and the plural event
Shen, Weilin. „Role of stress pattern in production and processing of compound words and phrases in Mandarin Chinese“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H108/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis investigates the role of prosodic stress (i.e. lexical versus phrasal stress) on the auditory processing of Mandarin Chinese ambiguous compound /phrase minimal pairs. Two types of compound/phrase minimal pairs were used: 1) Compound word with a neutral tone (e.g. dong3xi0 "thing") vs. phrase with a full tone (e.g. dong3xi1 "east and west") distinguished by the final syllable tone realization; 2) Verb-Noun (VN) compound word (e.g. 'chaofan "fried rice") and Verb-Object (VO) phrase (e.g. chao'fan "fry the rice") distinguished by the position of the prosodic stress. Combined behavioral and neurophysiological data demonstrate that 1) the final syllable was more lengthened and the F0 range was larger in VO than in VN, 2) prosodic structure does assist the processing system in anticipating morphological structure, and 3) a right-to-left hierarchical processing of prosodic information in addition to a sequential left-to-right one is involved during the processing of ambiguous spoken sequences in Mandarin Chinese. Taken together, our findings allowed us to precise the functional and structural description of the Prosody-Assisted-Processing (PAP) model for Mandarin Chinese
Zhou, Huijun. „Aspects de la grammaire comparée du chinois mandarin et du français pour apprenants francophones“. Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2005.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenChen, Hanzhu. „Défini/indéfini : syntaxe et pragmatique en chinois mandarin et en français (étude de corpus)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur thesis focuses on studying the syntax of constructions that contribute to the identification of referents in languages with and without articles, such as Chinese and French. It falls within the framework of Saussurean structuralism, functional typology, and cognitive linguistics. Unlike languages with articles like French, Mandarin Chinese does not possess morphologically marked articles (though it has other determiners). However, it should be noted that definiteness is present in all languages worldwide, including articleless languages like Chinese, but in different ways. To better explain the relationship between syntactic function and definiteness of SN in Chinese, we first clarified several pairs of semantic concepts. Then, by gathering massive corpora, such as interviews, dialogues, and speeches, etc., we thoroughly examined BA sentences and sentences with indefinite subjects. We found that in Chinese, the structure of the noun phrase is not the sole factor that determines the distinction between definite and indefinite reference. The syntax of the entire sentence, as well as the broader context, plays an important role in an articleless language like Chinese. The objective of this research is twofold: it involves reflecting on the relationship between sentence syntax and the expression of definiteness in Chinese and adopting a more applied approach to help Chinese students better grasp the use of articles in French
Huang, Ming. „Étude contrastive des tournures concessives en français et en chinois“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concession is a “secondary” or “composed” linguistic concept since it combines many fundamental linguistic notions: hypothesis, temporality, causality, negation, intensity, subjectivity, etc. By relating all these crucial notions, our research examines the four most used concessive markers as well as their homologues derived from the same series in Chinese: ji shi "although" "even if", sui ran "although" "despite" (and zong ran "although" "even if"), na pa "although" "even if", jiu shi "even if" (and jiu suan "although" "even if"), as well as their equivalents in French based on previous theories and analyses in the two languages. The aim of the work is to explore the concessive mechanism in these two languages that are typologically distant and different. In the same line as A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 and 1987) and O. Soutet (1987, 1990 and 1992), etc., our research not only demonstrates the historical evolution of the studied concessive markers, but also highlights its rapprochements with certain French concessive connectors (such as cependant, alors, bien, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) during their grammaticalization processes from semantic-logical and syntactic-discursive points of view. Our study involves various corpuses from archaic to contemporary Chinese and French, as well as technical linguistic methodologies to categorize and translate the extracted examples. The results of our present research show surprising similarities in terms of the concessive evolution despite the enormous etymological and cultural divergences of the two studied languages
Chuang, Yuan-Ting. „Interaction entre le temps, l'aspect et le mode dans les phrases complexes en mandarin moderne“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is a corpus-based study of the tense, aspect and mood (TAM) and the interaction between these three categories in complex sentences in modern Mandarin Chinese. It aims to answer three questions related to the interpretation of temporality in Mandarin: (i) How temporal, aspectual and modal categories are marked and how they interact in complex sentences? ; (ii) What are the differences between the interactions of TAM in complex sentences and those in simple sentences? ; (iii) How is temporal sequence expressed in Mandarin? The temporal theory of Comrie (1985) and the aspectual model developed by Tournadre (2004) will be used as the theoretical framework to analyze the data. In the first part, we first introduce the concepts and theories of TAM used in general linguistics. Then we discuss the linguistic means used in Mandarin to convey temporal, aspectual and modal concepts, and the functioning of these three categories in simple sentences in order to compare it with the functioning in complex sentences. The second part is devoted to the analysis the interaction of TAM categories in various types of complex sentences which include those in subordinate clauses and verbal construction in series
Zhang, Xuelu. „Les tons lexicaux du chinois mandarin en voix modale et en voix chuchotée“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research is a contribution to studies on secondary acoustic cues in Mandarin tone identification, by comparing acoustic data collected in modal speech and in whispered speech. According to the literature on the same issue, theses cues could be found in acoustic dimensions other than in the fundamental frequency, as a set of attributes. We have analyzed these attributes in the temporal domain, at the intensity level and in the spectrum, as well as their relations with tones. Our results show that some temporal parameters and the fourth resonance in the spectrum are very closely related to tones. These relations are dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of the vowel that carries the tone (which is equivalent to the rime in our research)
Guillon, Bertrand. „Le rôle des représentations dans l'enseignement du chinois à l'école élémentaire“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Thesis entitled "The role of representations in teaching Chinese at primary school" is in keeping with the field of learning a foreign language. It tries to account for the means of representations of the Chinese language induced within educative deployment requiring some contents as learnings, teachers, educational methods and social players. These representations depend also on the process that mould the linguistic uses of Chinese in the world. The Thesis observes their role to question the way of teaching Chinese to the children. The introduction relatively recent of the Chinese language into the scholar syllabus of the primary school and the promotion of Chinese language as lingua franca for the future show the importance that societ y attaches to this learning.This Thesis’s chapters are inscribed on a double bounds. On the one hand, we have tried to analyze from an educational point of view the links between the representation of Chinese language and the existing practices which are too often unthought. These practices are jointly carried out by the Chinese teachers and by teachers of Chinese as second language. On the other hand, we draw on the empirical material necessary to this analysis as part of the increasing role of Chinese as international language in the context of the growing importance of China in the heart of globalization
Gouguet, Jules. „La réduplication syntaxique et la structure du groupe verbal en mandarin, en anglais et en autres langues“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this dissertation studies the complex structure of the Mandarin verb phrase. The syntax of arguments and postverbal adverbials in Mandarin has been the object of much research, but no analysis has yet been able to account for all the data. Part of the difficulty owes to the practice of analysing postverbal adverbials as verb complements. A uniform analysis becomes available once this hypothesis replaced by one where adverbials are specifiers of aspectual projections internal to the extended verb phrase. The analysis can be extended to cover Mandarin resultative verb compounds as well as the reduplicative phenomenon known as "the verb copying construction". The second part of this dissertation seeks to establish how and why complex syntactic movement, as is proposed for the verb copying construction, can give rise to reduplication. A theory of the phonological interpretation of movement chains is proposed which allows for reduplicative movement to be distinguished from remnant movement in derivational terms, particularly based on phase theory. This new theory is applied to cases of reduplication and remnant movement in several languages, and notably to predicate fronting in English, for which a new analysis is proposed
Yu, Mengyang. „Analyse linguistique de l'expression des émotions en chinois“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmotions are omnipresent. They are expressed by lexemes, fixed expressions, but also interjections, insults, gestures, facial expressions, the prosody of an utterance ... Besides, there are also the cases where by a certain syntactic structure for example we feel the emotional nuances. The question of emotion is therefore complex and subject to research in many areas. Based on Darwin's two fundamental postulates - the universality of the expression of emotions and its adaptability - researchers have developed different theoretical schools that make us ask the following questions: Are emotions universally expressed in the same way? Are they biologically determined? What role does the individual play in the resentment of emotions? What are the impacts of society and culture on the perception and expression of emotions? Etc. In the framework of thesis we propose to study these questions through a research on the expression of emotions in Chinese. To do this, we performed an analysis of the decoding of emotional discourses, a seminal analysis in Mandarin and French, in order to then build semantic networks that help to better understand the specificities of expression and the understanding of emotions in Chinese and French, an analysis of the conceptualization of emotions in Chinese, a search for innovations in the expression of emotions in Chinese in digital conversations and in oral, and finally a syntactic analysis of the linguistic expression of emotion in Mandarin, both oral and written. This study on the expression of emotions in Chinese allowed us to show that emotion is a psychological phenomenon largely influenced by social and cultural factors
Su, Tzu-ting. „Étude sur la disparition des phonèmes en français et en mandarin de Tai͏̈wan“. Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to compare the deletion of phonemes during 18 minutes of spontaneous French and Taiwanese Mandarin. Acoustic analysis and perception tests show that the percentage of deletion is similar in both languages : around 3% (the schwa in French is not considered). The deletion concerns both consonants and vowels in French, but almost exclusively consonants in Mandarin. This result might be due to the fact that Mandarin is a tonal, mono-dissyllabic language where the vowel is the carrier of tone and often the only syllabic nucleus of words ; while in French -- a non-tonal, multi-syllabic language -- consonants might carry more information for meaning. This synchronic fact reflects the diachronic tendency in both languages : deletion concerns both vowels and consonants from Latin to French but only consonants from Old Chinese to Mandarin. Moreover, word class, accentuation/tone, position, and segment type have an effect on the deletion but not rate of speech
Zhou, Huijun. „Aspects de la grammaire comparée du chinois mandarin et du français pour apprenants francophones“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2743.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Xiaoyan. „Pluralité et référentialité nominale dans la grammaire comparée du chinois mandarin, du français et de l'anglais“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2797.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTan, Song. „L’analyse phonologique, syntaxique et lexicale des spécificités du mandarin du Nord-Est parlé au Liaoning“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNortheastern Mandarin is a variety of Mandarin that is spoken in Northeastern China, a region formerly known as Manchuria. This variety of Mandarin is considered to be very close to the standard language and there exists only a few rigorous analyses regarding its specific characteristics. This thesis aims to describe and analyse the phonology, syntax and lexicon of Northeastern Mandarin spoken in the province of Liaoning (the most populous province of the Northeast), it was carried out on the basis of numerous field surveys allowing the collection of oral data recorded with speakers of different generations. Based on the precepts of functionalist theory and respecting the principle of relevance at the levels of the first and second articulation units, this work attempts to establish the phonological system of this variety by showing clearly its particularities. At the level of syntax, this thesis seeks to highlight grammatical specificities starting from real linguistic facts and focuses on lexical analysis which deals not only with lexemes specific to this variety, but also with the adaptation of borrowings. The influence of the standard language, through education, literature, and the media makes that Mandarin of the Northeast tends to get lost in formal context. The comparison with standard Mandarin is present throughout this work in order facilitate understanding of the changes, thus allowing to give an exact reflection of the vitality of this regiolect. With data which can be used by everyone, this thesis is for all linguits interested in Chinese dialectology or more broadly in Chinese linguistics whose research has continued to develop for many years
Donazzan, Marta. „La notion sémantique de répétition : étude d'adverbe additifs et répétitif en chinois mandarin et dans certaines langues romanes“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dissertation develops the analysis of a collection of additive adverbs in the theoretical framework set by the semantic notion of event repetition. Among the manifestations of verbal plurality, event repetition can be defined by the presence of an order between the elements of the plural set and by the presuppositional status of the antecedent(s). Through the descriptive analysis of repetitive adverbs in three Romance languages (Italian, French, Romanian) and in Mandarin Chinese, we distinguish three main types of event repetition, which surface as iterative reading (Jean mange de nouveau chez nous), continuative reading (Jean mange encore son sandwich) and incremental reading (Jean mange encore un sandwich). It is shown that these distinctions depend mainly on the aspectual properties of the predicate and of the sentence, and can be paired with distinct structural positions of the adverbs at the syntactic interface. The notion of repetition is then applied to the analysis of specific cases. Through the analysis of Mandarin adverb hái, we suggest a repetitive account of aspectual\ continuative adverbs in comparative sentences (Jean est encore plus grand que Paul\ Zhāngsān bi ̌Lisi hái gāo), basing our assumptions on the strong structural analogies between the two ordered domains of Time and Degree. We also give a semantic account of the incremental adverb zài in mandarin, showing that the distributional restrictions of the adverb and the interprétative differences in its presuppositional content can be explained by considering the aspectual properties of the predicate and the temporal reference of the sentence
Henry, Kevin. „Présentation phraséologique et perspectives traductologiques des chengyu du chinois mandarin: De la critique de la traduction des chengyu dans les versions françaises de quatre romans chinois contemporains“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/229404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Song, Na. „Les particules finales enclitiques dans le dialecte de Baoding : une étude typologique de leurs valeurs temporelles, aspectuelles, modales et évidentielles (TAME)“. Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study focuses on the temporal, aspectual, modal and evidential (TAME) values of clause-final enclitic particles in the Mandarin dialect spoken in Baoding (Hebei, China). These unstressed particles perform various semantic and pragmatic functions, but some of them also encode tense, aspect mood and evidentiality (TAME) as well as illocutionary force. The first part of the thesis includes a presentation of the Baoding dialect and a state of the art on the notions of tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality. It gives an overview of the final particles of the Baoding dialect and the various paradigms which structure them. The second part describes the TAME system encoded by these particles, by recording the functions of eight of them, which express: associated motion (=tɕhi and =lɛ); imperfective aspect (=ni and =lɛ.tʂo); change of state (=lɛ), imminent action (the apprehensive particle = lɛ.ia and the egophoric particle =ia); and prioritive (particle =tʂo). This study, which is based on original field data, constitutes the first overall description of the TAME system encoded by final enclitic particles in a non-standard Mandarin dialect, and contributes to our knowledge of linguistic variation within Sinitic languages
Wang, Zhichao. „Analyse contrastive des complétives nominales en français et en mandarin standard. Point de vue sémantico-syntaxique“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBy adopting a semantic-syntactic perspective, this thesis is a contrastive study on nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin. The originality of this thesis lies in the fact that the study of nominal complementary clauses is a little touched subject which should be systematically developed in French as in standard Mandarin. To do this, our thesis unfolds progressively by answering the following four questions: 1. What are the syntactic functions of the nominal completive clauses with respect to the rector / determined noun in French and in standard Mandarin? 2. What are the types of nominal supplemental clauses in French and in standard Mandarin? 3. What are the semantic properties that allow certain nouns to govern / be determined by a completive clause in French and in standard Mandarin? 4. What are the semantic-syntactic links between rectifying / determined nouns and nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin? To answer these questions, we will establish the semantic-syntactic typology of nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin and we will implement it in a quantitative analysis based on two parallel corpus (a French-Mandarin standard corpus and a Mandarin standard-French corpus) which will give us results concerning the transformation of syntactic constructions of nominal completive clauses from one language to the other, which corresponds to our contrastive point of view
Goudin, Yoann. „L'intercompréhension en langues sinogrammiques : théories, représentations, enjeux, et modalités d'une didactique de la variation“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis analyzes the current teaching and learning models among languages that were, and still are, in contact with the Chinese script, and that retain this influence in their modern lexicon : the sinogramic languages. This thesis asserts that such a course can be designed through a complete didactic reformulation of how to teach sinograms, not only in their graphic dimension, but also their phonological identity, in order for the student to imagine pronouncing a sinogram in the target-language according to his/her understanding of an already acquired 'bridge-language'. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, there is an epistemological discussion of the European approach to Chinese language and script, with the sole graphic - «ideographic» - focus, which shadowed traditional phonological practices. Next, the design of an alternative approach is proposed in which sinogram-based learning is not rooted in the so called concentrated approach, according to which sinogram types are selected in order of their frequency and adaptability within the contemporary lexicon. This alternative approach is discussed based on the training of the sinogramic system as a whole: the global approach. Finally, the main process for mutual understanding, which is called sinogramic transposition, is introduced to show how students can be trained to understand and produce readings of sinograms in the target-language
Guan, Qianwen. „Emerging modes of temporal coordination : Mandarin and non-native consonant clusters“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation investigates the perception and production of non-native consonant clusters (CCs) by native speakers of Mandarin Chinese, a language with relatively simple syllable structure. We focus on the different modifications (‘errors’) that emerge in perception and production, in light of the role played by phonological knowledge and by sensitivity to phonetic details.We hypothesized that if native phonotactic knowledge is primarily affecting non-native adaptation, Mandarin speakers will perceive and produce a vowel systematically in consonant clusters. Alternatively, if sensitivity to phonetic details primarily contributes to adaptation, Mandarin speakers will show various modifications depending on phonetic properties of the actual clusters presented. These hypotheses were tested through a series of experiments—an ABX discrimination experiment, a transcription experiment, and a prompted production experiment.In the ABX discrimination experiment, Mandarin speakers were highly sensitive to the CC-CVC contrast, showing that native phonotactics does not impede their perception of non-native clusters. Participants relied instead on the phonetic details of the clusters. The weaker the C1 burst in stop-stop clusters, the less vowel epenthesis was perceived.In the follow-up transcription experiment, results showed that correct transcription was absent from the data. Contrary to the discrimination results, Mandarin speakers transcribed non-native CCs with a high percentage of epenthetic vowels. However, vowel transcription may be biased by Pinyin orthography.Therefore, we conducted a production experiment, where speakers heard the stimuli with clusters and produced them aloud. The results of this prompted production experiment showed that Mandarin speakers produce a vocoid (a ‘vowel’ in a purely phonetic sense, see Pike, 1943) within CCs, which is similar to a reduced vowel in Mandarin, with short duration and schwa-like quality. The acoustic measures of the production indicated that the native gestural timing pattern was maintained in the production with vocoids, even though speakers were able to compress the vocoid acoustically. Interestingly, despite the absence of clusters in Mandarin, speakers sometimes ‘correctly’ produced non-native CC sequences, or produced them with a period of voicing, just relying on auditory inputs. We thus learned that the production of non-native clusters by Mandarin speakers is highly affected by their phonological knowledge, while their perception of the same clusters is primarily influenced by their sensitivity to phonetic details
Liu, Anqi. „Le suffixe rhotique en mandarin : études phonétiques et représentation phonologique dans le cadre de la phonologie articulatoire“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/LIU_Anqi_va2.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe studies presented in this dissertation aim to better understand the phonological status and phonetic realization of the rhotic suffix in modern Mandarin. The final result is a descriptive analysis of the phonological behaviour of the rhotic suffix, based on production studies. The thesis traces the historical evolution of the suffix, marked by its semantic bleaching, and focuses on the production studies, which examine the realization of the rhotic suffix in different contexts, according to the rhyme of the syllable to which it is attached. The results of these studies complement those of existing studies and allow to test analyses proposed in the literature on Mandarin phonology. On the basis of the results of the acoustic and articulatory studies presented here, a new phonological analysis of the rhotic suffix is proposed, in the framework of articulatory phonology (Browman & Goldstein, 1992), a model that takes the articulatory gesture as primitive. This analysis allows a more unified treatment of all the realizations of the rhotic suffix, in all the contexts where it appears
Magistry, Pierre. „Unsupervised word segmentation and wordhoob assessment : the case for mandarin chinese“. Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation addresses the question of wordhood and unsupervised word identification in written corpora, with a focus on Modern Standard Chinese (MSC). The first part discusses the linguistic aspects of the question. It reviews previous works related to the notion of "word" in MSC and Chinese script and relates it to general linguistics issues, especially that of Multi-Words Expressions. H then sketches the development of Chinese Word Segmentation in NLP and traditional evaluation procedures. We argue that a part of arbitrariness in the corpora annotation biases the evaluations in favor of supervised machine learning methods which are less relevant for linguistic studies compared to unsupervised ones. This first part advocates for a corpus-based definition of the minimal units based on a measure of the combinatoric autonomy of a form and its degree of membership in a distributional class. The second part presents a new unsupervised learning method to estimate this autonomy inspired by Harris theories. With a simple and fast segmentation algorithm solely based on this measure, we already achieve near state-of-the-art performances on the task of Unsupervised Chinese Word Segmentation. We discuss the importance of pre-processing and report experiments on the use of the Minimum Description Length (MDL) paradigm in unsupervised segmentation. Finally, we provide a refined methodology and tools for a qualitative evaluation of our output and results on languages others that MSC
Fabre, Murielle. „The Sentence as a cognitive object. The Neural underpinnings of syntactic complexity in Chinese and French“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCombining fine-grained linguistic analyses — from both typological and formal approaches to syntax — with neuro-imaging techniques (fMRI and ERP), this pluri-disciplinary research aims at investigating experimentally the issue of the hierarchical nature and complexity of the linguistic representation of sentence structure and its processing strategies across languages, specifically focusing on the case of Chinese Topic-Comment articulations and on French Interrogative constructions. The question of how the brain achieves sentence structure representation, building and understanding is often seen as one of the most important and unsolved issues of the neural organization of language. Leveraging on cross-linguistic invariance and variability in sentence hierarchical structure organization and building, we found in Chinese and French two exceptional testing grounds to isolate different syntactic complexity dimensions of the sentence-unit encoding. While the on-line auditory comprehension of sentence hierarchical structure in case of minimal intonational cues is investigated thanks to ERP recordings of Topic-Comment articulations in Chinese, two fMRI studies isolate two different syntactic complexity dimensions, respectively reflecting the sentence’s hierarchy and syntactic transformations. The first study, on French interrogative, seeks to isolate the neural correlates of different syntactic movement types. The second study, on Chinese sentence-discourse interface and Topics types, enables us to distinguish word-order surface complexity factors from syntactic movement transformations
Hung, Pi-Hsia. „L'acquisition de l’expression de la spatialité en mandarin langue étrangère par des apprenants francophones“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis intervenes in the field of foreign language acquisition. The main objective is to determine the transient language structuring used by French-speaking learners to express space in Mandarin. The procedure used is the analysis of an oral corpus from an experimental study during twenty months with French-speaking adult learners of three different Mandarin levels: beginner, intermediate and advanced. To achieve our goal, we focus primarily on the acquisition of directional verbs in Mandarin, then on the calculation of spatial coordinates that involve the "habitual thought" about Mandarin verbs lái (come) and qù (go). The analysis of spatial expressions by French learners will detail the process of acquiring specific sets of the form/function relationship in Mandarin; to be more precise, we will show how the language options shape the learners production at each level of learning. The acquisition of the verbs lái (come) and qù (go) and of the calculation of spatial coordinates, in turn, will reveal the cognitive process of space conceptualization by the French learners
Tsai, Chien-Wen. „La compétence commnunicative en didactique des langues : étude des actes de parole rituels en français et en chinois mandarin et traitement en classe“. Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of foreign language teaching and learning is the development of communicative ability. Communicative approach and speech acts have played an important role in language teaching for thirty years. At present, cultural component of target language, but also of first language, constitute a central issue on the subject. Through the study of speech acts in French and in Mandarin Chinese, this dissertation attempt to reread speech act theories and to offer some applications in foreign language classrooms
Li, Pei-Ci. „Une étude comparative des métaphores de genre en français et en mandarin“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=5064&f=31248.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study investigates gender metaphors (hereafter GM) describing women (Women Metaphors, WM) and men (Men Metaphors, MM) in French and Mandarin Chinese based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson 1980). For each language, we collect metaphors from two sets of data sources: a dictionary and a survey answered by 240 native speakers, evenly split according to their sex. We then make intra- and inter-language comparisons. The results from dictionaries show that, although the use of source domains differ between languages, metaphors addressing women and men are asymmetrical on two levels: quantity and quality. First, there are many more WM than MM. Second, the connotations of WM are more derogatory than MM, especially in relation to women’s sexuality. The data mined from the questionnaires are analyzed on three levels: the source domains of GM (ANIMALS, PLANTS), the types of GM (lions, flowers) and the characteristics of GM (physical traits, personalities, social roles or functions). By analyzing WM and MM from the perspectives of female and male native speakers, we find that even though the use of source domains and their highlighted features is different, similar patterns emerge from the two languages. A model Linguistic Theory of Gender Script is proposed accordingly to interpret those patterns. It explains how conventional metaphorical expressions regarding two sexes serve as a written script to instruct men and women on how to perform their social roles. Finally, the cross-linguistic comparison reveals some social realities by showing how gender equality is treated differently in France and in Taiwan. Furthermore, we show that the selection of source domains and their highlighted features are linked to cosmology in these two cultures. In French, the relation between human beings and other things is viewed as vertical and can be described by a hierarchical structure The Great Chain of Being. On the contrary, this relationship is considered horizontal in Chinese, as humans and the universe are said to coexist harmoniously, a point of view explained by the philosophy of Unity of Universe and Mankind
Lu, Yan. „Etude contrastive de la prosodie audio-visuelle des affects sociaux en chinois mandarin vs.français : vers une application pour l'apprentissage de la langue étrangère ou seconde“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAL001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn human face-to-face interaction, social affects should be distinguished from emotional expressions, triggered by innate and involuntary controls of the speaker, by their nature of voluntary controls expressed within the audiovisual prosody and by their important role in the realization of speech acts. They also put into circulation between the interlocutors the social context and social relationship information. The prosody is a main vector of social affects and its cross-language variability is a challenge for language description as well as for foreign language teaching. Thus, cultural and linguistic specificities of the socio-affective prosody in oral communication could be a difficulty, even a risk of misunderstanding, for foreign language and second language learners. This thesis is dedicated to intra- and intercultural studies on perception of the prosody of 19 social affects in Mandarin Chinese and in French, on their cognitive representations, as well as on Chinese and French socio-affective prosody learning for foreign and second language learners. The first task of this thesis concerns the construction of a large audio-visual corpus of Chinese social affects. 152 sentences with the variation of length, tone location and syntactic structures of utterances, have been incorporated with 19 social affects. This corpus is served to examine the identification and perceptual confusion of these Chinese social affects by native and non-native listeners, as well as the tonal effect on non-native subjects' identification. Experimental results reveal that the majority of social affects are similarly perceived by native and non-native subjects, otherwise, some differences are also observed. Lexical tones lead to certain perceptual problems also for Vietnamese listeners (of a tonal language) and for French listeners (of a non-tonal language). In parallel, an acoustic analysis investigates the production side of prosodic socio-affects in Mandarin Chinese, and allows highlighting the more prominent patterns of acoustical variations as well as supporting the perceptual resultants obtained on the same expressions. Then, a study on conceptual and psycho-acoustic distances between social affects is carried out with Chinese and French subjects. The main results indicate that all subjects share to a very large extent the knowledge about these 19 social affects, regardless of their mother language, gender or how to present social affects (concept or acoustic realization). Finally, the last chapter of thesis is dedicated to the differences in the perception of 11 Chinese social affects expressed in different modalities (audio only, video only and audio-visual) for French learners and native subjects, as well as in the perception of the same French socio-affects for Chinese learners and native subjects. According to the results, the identification of affective expressions depends more on their affective values and on their presentation modality. Subject's learning level (beginner or intermediate) does not have a significant effect on their identification
Zhu, Lei. „Le syntagme nominal en mandarin et en français : le problème de la quantification“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040157.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Mandarin Chinese, as in French, nominal determiners (demonstrative and numeral) precede in general the noun. French requires the presence of the article, a grammatical category that is not found in Mandarin Chinese. Rather, in Mandarin Chinese, quantification is carried out through the presence of noun classifiers. As for nominal morphology, in Mandarin Chinese, an isolating language, nouns are preferably formed through the composition of different semantic features. By contrast, in French, considered as mainly flexional, only the nominal root holds the semantic unit. In French, determiner and noun agree in gender and number, whereas in Mandarin Chinese, that does not distinguish gender, number is expressed by noun classifiers. Understanding these differences is essential to the acquisition of these two languages. In order to facilitate the understanding of the functions of these grammatical phenomena, this research proposes accurate analyses and explanations that allow second language learners to overcome more effectively the difficulties of nominal determination
Li, Feifei. „On the interpretation of negation in Mandarin Chinese“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669731.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation aims to experimentally investigate the interpretation of negation in Mandarin Chinese (MC), namely, when multiple negative expressions combine in a sentence, when negative expressions are used as fragment answers to negative questions, and when native speakers express rejection to a negative assertion or a negative polar question. It first examines whether a single negation (SN) reading may be possible under certain conditions, despite the fact that MC has been characterized as a language in which two negative expressions within the boundaries of a single sentential domain cancel each other to yield a positive reading. To test this hypothesis, an online perception experiment was conducted with native MC speakers. The results showed that SN readings were indeed obtained, particularly when the first of the two negative expressions was an adjunct (i.e., cóngláibù/cóngláiméi(yǒu) ‘never’) or there was stress on the second negative expression (i.e., the negative markers méi(yǒu) ‘not’ and bù ‘not’). Next, this dissertation explores the mismatches in the interpretation of MC argumental negative expressions (namely, méi(yǒu)rén ‘no one’ and méi(yǒu)shénme ‘nothing’) when they are used as fragment answers to negative wh-questions. The results of our production experiment showed that the acoustic correlates that characterize these fragment answers are identified when they convey not only double negation (DN) but also SN meanings. More specifically, DN readings show shorter duration, more pitch variation, higher maximum pitch, and larger rising pitch excursion. The results of our audio perception experiment further showed that native speakers of MC perceive these prosodic correlates and reliably use them to distinguish between DN and SN readings of argumental negative expressions used as fragment answers. Finally, this dissertation addresses the central question of whether MC is a canonical truth-based language. The results showed that MC speakers convey confirmation/rejection by relying on a combination of lexico-syntactic strategiestogether with prosodic and gestural strategies. Importantly, the use of a positive or a negative particle, which was the expected outcome in truth-based languages, only appeared in 82% of the confirming answers and in 52% of the rejecting answers, respectively. Our results bring into question the macroparametric division between truth-based and polarity-based languages and calls for a more general view of the instantiation of a CONFIRM/REJECT speech act that integrates lexical and syntactic strategies with prosodic and gestural strategies. Consequently, this dissertation provides a new understanding of the interpretation of negation in MC as a so-called DN language and as a so-called truth-based language.
Landron, Simon. „L'opposition de voisement des occlusives orales du français par des locuteurs taïwanais“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation deals with the acquisition of French voiceless stops /p t k/ and voiced stops /b d g/ by 11 Taiwanese intermediate or advanced learners of L2 French. The linguistic situation in Taiwan is described as diglossia. Most speakers speak two languages, mainly Mandarin Chinese and Taiwanese. Mandarin Chinese has plosives /p t k ph th kh/ while Taiwanese has /b g p t k ph th kh/. An acoustic analysis of CVCVCVC logatoms where C = /b d g p t k/ and V = /a i u/ shows important heterogeneity among speakers. The cues used by French native speakers to oppose voiceless and voiced stops are irregularly used by non-native speakers. The influence of Mandarin Chinese is noted. A perception test shows poorer discrimination among pairs of consonants (/b p/, /d t/ and /g k/) in CV syllable when V = /a/, as compared to /i u/. The results show that non-native listeners tend to, firstly, better discriminate the voiceless plosives of French when the VOT is longer and secondly, ignore the negative VOT of voiced stops. As regards perception, the cues used in Mandarin Chinese to discriminate between aspirated and non-aspirated stops consonants seem to be used in French too. No clue to the influence of Taiwanese has been found, although the opposition of voicing exists