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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mandarin“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 31. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Mandarin"

Chao, Chih-Cheng T., Jinggui Fang und Pachanoor S. Devanand. „Long Distance Pollen Flow in Mandarin Orchards Determined by AFLP Markers—Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, Nr. 3 (Mai 2005): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.3.374.

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Production of seedless mandarins such as `Nules' clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan.) and `Afourer' mandarin [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × C. reticulata Blanco] is increasing in California as consumers' interest in seedless, easy peeling, and good tasting mandarins increases. The fruit would produce seeds if cross-pollination with compatible pollen source occurred. It is almost impossible to prevent cross-pollination between compatible mandarin cultivars by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) within the multi-faceted agricultural environment in California. To produce seedless mandarin, growers either plant a single cultivar in a large solid block or try to use pollen-sterile navel oranges (C. sinensis) or satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marco.) as buffers to prevent cross-pollination. The question of how many rows of buffer trees or spacing can effectively prevent cross-pollination by honeybees between compatible mandarins is unclear. We initiated a study using fluorescent-labeled AFLP markers to determine the pollen parentages of `Nules' clementine seedlings and `Afourer' mandarin seedlings from two orchards in California. The longest distance of pollen flow at an orchard near Madera was 521 m. The pollen of `Minneola' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi Macf.) was able to disperse across a minimum of 92 rows of `Lane Late' navel oranges plus two rows of `Afourer' mandarins to pollinate `Afourer' mandarins. We also found that all the seedlings of `Nules' clementine mandarin at an orchard near Bakersfield had been pollinated by `Afourer' mandarin pollen. The pollen of `Afourer' mandarin was able to disperse up to distances between 837 and 960 m to pollinate `Nules' clementine. The pollen dispersal distance found in this study was at least 16 times longer than previously reported in a citrus orchard. Growers need to consider a much larger space or buffer rows to prevent cross-pollination and produce seedless mandarins in California.

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Yingzhi, Li, Cheng Yunjiang, Tao Nengguo und Deng Xiuxin. „Phylogenetic Analysis of Mandarin Landraces, Wild Mandarins, and Related Species in China Using Nuclear LEAFY Second Intron and Plastid trnL-trnF Sequence“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, Nr. 6 (November 2007): 796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.6.796.

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Nucleotide sequences of the second intron of the nuclear LEAFY gene (FLint2) and trnL-trnF region of the chloroplast genome were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among eight wild mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco), 19 mandarin landraces, and 19 related species of Citrus L. Forty-six trnL-trnF sequences and 111 FLint2 sequences were obtained from 46 ingroup accessions, with an average length of 1059.7 and 776.7 bp respectively. Phylogeny reconstructions were conducted separately for these two data sets using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood criteria. Monophyly of mandarins was supported by both of these data sets, and in this clade, most mandarin landraces formed an unresolved polytomy, whereas ‘Jiangyong 1’, ‘Chongyi A2’, ‘Chongyi A1’ (or ‘Jiangyong 4’ in FLint2 data), and ‘Daoxian 1’ wild mandarins formed a subclade. ‘Mangshan A1’ and ‘Daoxian 5’ wild mandarins were sisters to this mandarin clade. A hybrid origin of five mandarin landraces and several mandarin-related species was suggested as a plausible hypothesis to explain the incongruence between the FLint2 and trnL-trnF data sets.

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Chao, Chih-Cheng T. „Pollination Study of Mandarins and the Effect on Seediness and Fruit Size: Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production“. HortScience 40, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.362.

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A pollination study was conducted using `Nules', `Fina Sodea', `Marisol', `Fina' Clementine, `Afourer', `Tahoe Gold', and `Gold Nugget' mandarin. The fruit sets from selfing of `Fina', `Marisol', `Fina Sodea', `Nules' Clementines and `Afourer' mandarin were very low or near 0. The open pollinated Clementines had very low fruit set and there were very few seeds per fruit. Fruit set was highest (20% to 40%) in cross-pollination between two Clementines, `Nules' and `Fina Sodea', and `Afourer' mandarin and their reciprocal crosses. There were averaged 23 to 32 seeds per fruit in Clementines × `Afourer' mandarin crosses and averaged 5 to 12 seeds per fruit in `Afourer' mandarin × Clementines crosses. Compatibility among Clementine mandarins and `Afourer' mandarin is very high and caution should be taken to properly isolate these two types of mandarins when planting to produce seedless fruit. The diploid `Nules' Clementine × triploid `Tahoe Gold' mandarin gave 14% and 17% fruit sets in 2002 and 2003, with an average 2 seeds and 9 seeds per fruit in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Caution should also be taken when planting triploid seedless `Tahoe Gold' mandarin near diploid `Nules' Clementine to avoid seeds. The compatibilities and seediness between diploid mandarin cultivars and new seedless triploid mandarin cultivars need to be tested to ensure the pollen of the new triploid cultivars will not cause seeds in the existing diploid cultivars.

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Montalt, Rafael, María Carmen Vives, Luis Navarro, Patrick Ollitrault und Pablo Aleza. „Parthenocarpy and Self-Incompatibility in Mandarins“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 10 (09.10.2021): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102023.

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Citrus reproductive biology is complex. One of its characteristic features is parthenocarpy that enables seedless fruit production. Citrus parthenocarpy and self-incompatibility knowledge is only partial and sometimes discrepant. Increasing such knowledge is relevant for better managing cultivated varieties and improving the selection of parents in breeding strategies to recover seedless varieties such as mandarins. This work develops an efficient protocol to characterize self-incompatibility and different parthenocarpy types based on emasculation, hand self-pollination, and hand cross-pollination. It analyzes fruit setting and seed production coupled with histological pollen performance observations. We analyzed the reproductive behavior of nine mandarin varieties with relevant characteristics as parents for seedless mandarin breeding. ‘Clemenules’ clementine and ‘Moncada’ mandarins were strictly self-incompatible with facultative and vegetative parthenocarpy; ‘Imperial’ mandarin and ‘Ellendale’ tangor displayed no strict self-incompatibility associated with facultative and vegetative parthenocarpy; ‘Fortune’ mandarin was self-incompatible with facultative and stimulative parthenocarpy; ‘Campeona’ and ‘Salteñita’ mandarins were self-compatible with vegetative parthenocarpy; ‘Serafines’ satsuma was associated with male sterility together with facultative and vegetative parthenocarpy; and ‘Monreal’ clementine was self-compatible and nonparthenocarpic. Our protocol can be applied for screening of mandarin germplasm and to characterize new parents. Reproductive behavior knowledge is important for optimizing seedless mandarin breeding programs based on diploidy, triploidy, or induced mutagenesis.

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Beltrán, F., A. J. Perez-López, J. M. López-Nicolás und A. A. Carbonell-Barrachina. „Effects of Mandarin Cultivar on Quality of Mandarin Juice“. Food Science and Technology International 14, Nr. 4 (August 2008): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208097443.

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Eight mandarin cultivars have been analyzed for their content of vitamin C, minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn), CIELab color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, C*, and h ab), total volatile compounds content and sensory aroma intensity of juice. Experimental results proved that no important enough differences were found in the minerals contents to decide which mandarin cultivar was of higher quality. Clemenules provided the darkest juice with the highest vitamin C content and with the most intense mandarin aroma. On the other hand, Nova and Hernandina mandarin could be considered as the worst cultivars for juice production. Finally if Clemenules mandarins were not available for juice processing, Orogrande, Clemenpons, Ellendale, and Marisol could also be good options.

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PETEK, Marko, Morana REHAK, Tomislav KARAŽIJA, Antonio VIDUKA, Mile MARKOSKI, Szilvia VERES und Goran FRUK. „POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM CONTENT IN MANDARIN ON MARKET OF CITY OF ZAGREB“. AgroLife Scientific Journal 11, Nr. 1 (30.06.2022): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2022120.

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Mandarin is a plant species which belongs to the group of winter seasonal fruit. It is highly valued for its vitamin C, potassium and magnesium content. When buying mandarins, consumers do not have the information on the exact mineral composition of mandarins so a study was conducted to determine the content of macroelements potassium and magnesium in mandarins as well as to compare the results with regards to the place of purchase of individual samples. Mandarin sampling was carried out in the city of Zagreb at 3 markets, 3 retail chains and 3 organic product stores. After digestion with concentrated HNO<sub<3</sub< and HClO<sub<4</sub< in microwave oven, potassium was determined by flame photometry and magnesium by atomic absorption spectrometry. Dry matter was determined gravimetrically by drying until constant mass. The content of dry weight in the mandarin samples ranged from 7.86% to 8.70%. The content of potassium in dry weight of mandarin ranged from 2.04% to 2.33%, and the content of magnesium from 0.101% to 0.110%. The content of potassium in the fresh weight of mandarin ranged from 235 to 297 mg K/100 g fresh weight, and the content of magnesium ranged from 11.6 to 14.0 mg Mg/100 g fresh weight.

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Tian, Haoyu, Hong Chen und Xiaoxian Li. „Mechanical Damage Caused by Compression and Its Effects on Storage Quality of Mandarin“. Foods 13, Nr. 6 (15.03.2024): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13060892.

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Mandarin is vulnerable to a range of external loads during processing and shipping, which can cause interior mechanical damage that can happen right away or over time and cause serious rotting when kept in storage. In this study, mandarin was treated to a certain quantity of compression load that did not result in a noticeable rupture of the peel. The interior pulp structure of mandarin was examined for damage prior to peel damage using CT scanning and image reconstruction. An image segmentation method based on mask processing was then used to calculate the pulp damage rate. We examined the variations in physiological activities and internal components between the test group that underwent compression load and the control group that did not undergo this type of stress during storage. The aim was to investigate the factors that contributed to the faster decay of mandarin following mechanical damage. Regression analysis was also used to establish a quantifiable relationship between the amount of compression deformation and the rates of damage and decay of mandarin during storage. The findings demonstrated that mandarin pulp exhibited visible mechanical damage when compression deformation exceeded 8 mm. This led to the disruption of physiological processes like respiration and polysaccharide breakdown, which in turn decreased the hardness of the fruit and sped up its rotting. This study identifies the critical range of compression deformation that leads to the beginning of pulp damage in mandarins. Additionally, it clarifies the quality deterioration mechanism of mandarins that have been subjected to compression damage during the storage period. Therefore, in practical production, various methods of picking, sorting, and collecting mandarins can be optimized to control the amount of compression deformation within a suitable range. This will reduce the probability of pulp damage. According to the study’s conclusions, storage conditions can be optimized to regulate the physiological activities of mandarins in a targeted manner. This can minimize the probability of fruit decay and reduce economic losses.

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Chao*, C. Thomas, und Pachanoor S. Devanand. „Determination of Pollen Parentages of Mandarin Seedlings Using AFLP Markers and Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production in California“. HortScience 39, Nr. 4 (Juli 2004): 859B—859. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.859b.

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Acreages of `Nules' Clementine and `Afourer' mandarin have increased rapidly in California. One way to produce seedless mandarins is using Navel oranges or Satsuma mandarins as buffer to prevent cross-pollination. In order to determine the number of necessary buffer rows or spacing to prevent cross-pollination, we used AFLP markers to determine the pollen parentages of `Nules' and `Afourer' seedlings from two sites. The AFLP markers were able to identify Clementine as pollen parents of 26.6% (25/94) of the `Afourer' seedlings from one site. The pollen of Clementine was able to travel across minimum of 32 rows to pollinate `Afourer' mandarins. We found 12.73% (14/110) of the `Afourer' seedlings at the east side of the site were progenies of `Minneola' tangelo. Pollen of `Minneola' was able to travel across minimum 94 rows to pollinate `Afourer' mandarins. 12.73% (14/110) of the `Afourer' seedlings at the east end of the site were progenies of Clementine. Pollen of Clementine was able to travel minimum 54 rows to pollinate the `Afourer' mandarin at the east end of the site. The AFLP markers also identified `Afourer' mandarin as pollen parents of almost all `Nules' seedlings (98.63%, 72/73) at a second site. The pollen of `Afourer' was able to travel across minimum of 74 acres of empty ground from the east or minimum of 91 rows of Navel (128 acres) from the north to pollinate `Nules' Clementine. The results showed how far can compatible pollens traveled to cause seeds in mandarins in California. The implication from the results in seedless mandarin production in California is discussed.

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Chao*, C. Thomas. „Pollination Study of Clementine Mandarins, `Afourer' Mandarin, `Tahoe Gold' Mandarin and Effect on Fruit Set and Seediness in California“. HortScience 39, Nr. 4 (Juli 2004): 859A—859. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.859a.

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Compatibilities among mandarin cultivars raise concern, especially related to the seediness issue in mandarin production. A hand cross-pollination study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 at the UC Lind-cove Research and Extension Center, Exeter, California. There were 0.86% (1/116) (4 seeds) and 0% (0/137) fruit set from `Fina Sodea' Clementine × `Tahoe Gold' mandarin in 2002 and 2003, respectively. There were 13.59% (14/103) (average 1.5 seeds/fruit) and 16.50% (17/103) (average 9.82 seeds/fruit) fruit set from `Nules' Clementine × `Tahoe Gold' mandarin (a triploid) in 2002 and 2003, respectively. There were 30.84% (33/107) (average 23.42 seeds/fruit) and 0% (0/110) fruit set from `Fina Sodea' Clementine × `Afourer' mandarin in 2002 and 2003, respectively. There were 39.62% (42/106) (average 25.36 seeds/fruit) and 4.92% (3/61) (average 31.66 seeds/fruit) fruit set from `Nules' Clementine × `Afourer' mandarin in 2002 and 2003, respectively. There was 28.32% (32/113) (average 12 seeds/fruit) from `Afourer' mandarin × `Fina Sodea' Clementine in 2002. There was 28.04% (30/107) (average 9.47 seeds/fruit) from `Afourer' mandarin × `Nules' Clementine in 2002. These results showed pollen of `Afourer' mandarin can cause large number of seed in both Clementine cultivars. The pollen from the triploid `Tahoe Gold' mandarin can set fruit and cause seeds in diploid `Nules' Clementine but not in diploid `Fina Sodea' Clementine. These results imply that proper buffer distance is needed between Clementines and `Afourer' mandarin in order to produce seedless mandarins in California.

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Maciá-Vázquez, Alejandro Andy, Dámaris Núñez-Gómez, Juan José Martínez-Nicolás, Pilar Legua und Pablo Melgarejo. „Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Late-Season Varieties of Mandarin Growing in Spain under Homogeneous Growing Conditions“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 7 (09.07.2023): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071825.

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Mandarins are one of the most important citrus fruits in the world in terms of tons produced. The late-season varieties of mandarin have a great economic value due to their high production in a season with few mandarin varieties. The objective is to carry out a preliminary study of characterization and comparison of the morphological and biochemical properties of the late varieties ‘Afourer’, ‘Tango’, and ‘Orri’. The characterization consisted of physicochemical parameters related to the quality of the fruits, highlighting the total antioxidant activity using ABTS and DPPH, the organic acids and sugars using HPLC and the metabolomics of the juice by 1H-NMR. Afourer’ mandarins were heavier and larger (120.75 g, 67.60 mm) than the other two varieties studied. Mandarins of the ‘Orri’ variety showed a different organic acid profile compared to the other varieties studied, and a higher amount of sugars (13.49 g/100 mL). ‘Tango’ variety mandarins grown on the Forner-Alcaide rootstock stood out for having a larger weight (113.52 g), a more intense color, and a greater amount of phenolic compounds (966.85 mg AGE/L Forner) than the fruits grown on Citrus macrophylla. The metabolomics analysis showed that these mandarin varieties had mainly non-essential amino acids.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Mandarin"

Li, Feifei. „On the interpretation of negation in Mandarin Chinese“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669731.

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Esta disertación tiene como objetivo investigar experimentalmente la interpretación de la negación en chino mandarín (MC), a saber, cuando se combinan múltiples expresiones negativas en una oración, cuando las expresiones negativas se usan como respuestas fragmentarias a preguntas negativas, y cuando los hablantes nativos muestran desacuerdo respecto a una afirmación negativa o a una pregunta polar negativa. Primeramente se examina si existen circunstancias que posibiliten una lectura de negación única (SN) a pesar de que el MC se caracterice por ser una lengua en la que, dentro de los límites de un único dominio sentencial, dos expresiones negativas se cancelan entre sí para producir una lectura positiva . Para testar esta hipótesis, se realizó un experimento de percepción en línea con hablantes nativos de MC . Los resultados mostraron que la lecturas de SN era efectivamente posible, particularmente cuando la primera de las dos expresiones negativas era un complemento (es decir, cóngláibù / cóngláiméi(yǒu) 'nunca') o cuando había tensión en la segunda expresión negativa (es decir, los marcadores negativos méi(yǒu) 'no' y bù 'no'). Seguidamente, esta disertación explora los desajustes en la interpretación de las expresiones negativas argumentales de MC (a saber, méi(yǒu)rén ‘nadie’ y méi(yǒu)shénme ‘nada’) cuando se usan como respuestas fragmentarias a preguntas negativas. Los resultados de nuestro experimento en el ámbito de la producción oral, mostraron que los correlatos acústicos que caracterizan estas respuestas fragmentarias afloran no sólo cuando transmiten doble negación (DN), sino también significados SN. Concretamente, las lecturas de DN muestran una duración más corta, más variación de tono, mayor tono máximo y mayor trayecto de tono ascendente. Los resultados de nuestro experimento de percepción de audio muestran además que cuando los hablantes nativos de MC perciben estos correlatos prosódicos los usan con naturalidad para distinguir lecturas DN y SN de expresiones negativas argumentales utilizadas como respuestas fragmentarias. Finalmente, esta disertación aborda la cuestión central de si MC es una lengua canónica basada en la verdad. Se realizó un experimento de producción oral. Los resultados mostraron que los hablantes de MC transmiten acuerdo/desacuerdo ayudándose de una combinación de estrategias lexico-sintácticas Es importante destacar que el uso de partículas positivas o negativas, resultado esperado en lenguas basadas en la verdad, solo apareció en el 82% de las respuestas tipo acuerdo y en el 52% de las respuestas de tipo desacuerdo rechazo, respectivamente. En consecuencia, esta disertación proporciona una nueva comprensión de la interpretación de la negación en MC como lengua DN y como lengua basada en la verdad.
This dissertation aims to experimentally investigate the interpretation of negation in Mandarin Chinese (MC), namely, when multiple negative expressions combine in a sentence, when negative expressions are used as fragment answers to negative questions, and when native speakers express rejection to a negative assertion or a negative polar question. It first examines whether a single negation (SN) reading may be possible under certain conditions, despite the fact that MC has been characterized as a language in which two negative expressions within the boundaries of a single sentential domain cancel each other to yield a positive reading. To test this hypothesis, an online perception experiment was conducted with native MC speakers. The results showed that SN readings were indeed obtained, particularly when the first of the two negative expressions was an adjunct (i.e., cóngláibù/cóngláiméi(yǒu) ‘never’) or there was stress on the second negative expression (i.e., the negative markers méi(yǒu) ‘not’ and bù ‘not’). Next, this dissertation explores the mismatches in the interpretation of MC argumental negative expressions (namely, méi(yǒu)rén ‘no one’ and méi(yǒu)shénme ‘nothing’) when they are used as fragment answers to negative wh-questions. The results of our production experiment showed that the acoustic correlates that characterize these fragment answers are identified when they convey not only double negation (DN) but also SN meanings. More specifically, DN readings show shorter duration, more pitch variation, higher maximum pitch, and larger rising pitch excursion. The results of our audio perception experiment further showed that native speakers of MC perceive these prosodic correlates and reliably use them to distinguish between DN and SN readings of argumental negative expressions used as fragment answers. Finally, this dissertation addresses the central question of whether MC is a canonical truth-based language. The results showed that MC speakers convey confirmation/rejection by relying on a combination of lexico-syntactic strategiestogether with prosodic and gestural strategies. Importantly, the use of a positive or a negative particle, which was the expected outcome in truth-based languages, only appeared in 82% of the confirming answers and in 52% of the rejecting answers, respectively. Our results bring into question the macroparametric division between truth-based and polarity-based languages and calls for a more general view of the instantiation of a CONFIRM/REJECT speech act that integrates lexical and syntactic strategies with prosodic and gestural strategies. Consequently, this dissertation provides a new understanding of the interpretation of negation in MC as a so-called DN language and as a so-called truth-based language.

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佐藤圭司 und Keiji Sato. „Contrastive study of “Putonghua(Mandarin)”and “Taiwanguoyu( Taiwan Mandarin)”“. 碩士, 東吳大學, 1985. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22085SCU04079001%22.&searchmode=basic.

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Lima, Ligia Wey Neves. „O ensino de mandarim no Brasil: um estudo comparativo entre os sistemas pinyin e zhuyin fuhao“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-07122012-110235/.

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O presente estudo busca fazer uma comparação entre dois sistemas de transliteração do mandarim, o pinyin e o zhuyin fuhao, no contexto do ensino de chinês no Brasil. Para tanto, a pesquisa baseou-se na dissertação de Lin (2007) e, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, entrevistou cinco alunos que estudaram por meio de cada sistema. A análise dos resultados sugere que os alunos que estudaram por meio do sistema pinyin apresentam maior dificuldade na pronúncia de fonemas aspirados e não aspirados do mandarim em comparação com alunos do sistema zhuyin fuhao.
The research aims to compare two Mandarin transliteration systems, pinyin and zhuyin fuhao, in the current situation of Chinese teaching in Brazil. The study was based on the dissertation of Lin (2007) and, using qualitative research, interviewed five mandarin students for each system. The results suggest that those who have studied by pinyin had greater difficulty in pronouncing aspirated and unaspirated consonants of Mandarin in comparison with zhuyin fuhao students.

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Xu, Shu Hua. „Topics in the Morphology and Phonology of Mandarin Chinese“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501186/.

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This thesis examines some selective cases of morphophonemic alternation in Mandarin Chinese. It presents analyses of the function -of the retroflex suffix -r and describes several conditions for tone sandhi. The suffix -r functions not simply as a noun formative. Some of the suffixed forms have consistently different meanings from the roots on which they are based. The suffix -r also plays a role in poetry as a time-filler to make each line of a poem fulfill the requirements of the strict number of characters and rhyme. This thesis also explains what causes the tone pattern of words such as xiaojie and jiejie to be pronounced differently. These tonal changes are found to be related to the way in which a word is formed. Compounding, reduplication and suffixation differ with respect to how they effect tone sandhi. Tone alternations in actual speech are explored to determine how tone sandhi produces each pronunciation and how grammatical structure and other factors are relevant.

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Kim, Kwangjo. „A phonological study of Middle Mandarin : reflected in Korean sources of the mid-15th and early 16th centuries /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11147.

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陳浩琳 und Ho-lam Pauline Chan. „Mandarin dichotic digit test: normative findings for Mandarin-speaking young adults“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41547950.

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Chan, Ho-lam Pauline. „Mandarin dichotic digit test normative findings for Mandarin-speaking young adults /“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41547950.

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Liu, Chang. „Existential Sentences in Mandarin Chinese : (Les phrases existentielles en chinois mandarin)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080100.

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Cette thèse s’attache à l’étude de la syntaxe et de la sémantique de quatre types de phrases existentielles (PS) en chinois mandarin. Selon le classement proposé par Huang (1987), ces PS sont basées sur yǒu « avoir » (Type I), sur des verbes de dis/apparition comme lái « venir » et sǐ « mourir » (Type II), sur des verbes de localisation comme zuò « s'asseoir » (Type III) et sur des Constructions de Prédication Secondaire ou Presentational Amalgam Constructions (Type IV). Pour chaque type d’PS, nous proposons une analyse syntaxique non-uniforme basée sur ses propriétés syntaxiques et sémantiques.Dans le chapitre 2, nous étudions la PS basée sur yǒu « avoir », à la fois dans des contextes racine et dans certains contextes enchâssés. Les PS basées sur yǒu « avoir » consistent en un syntagme nominal de localisation (« localiser phrase ») suivi par yǒu « avoir », un pivot et une coda. Les chercheurs les ont comparées aux PS « there be » en anglais (Milsark 1974, McNally 1997). Dans les contextes racine, nous montrons que la PS avec un sujet manifeste (syntagme nominal de localisation) a une structure prédicationnelle, et que le pivot dénote une propriété. En revanche, la PS sans sujet manifeste a un sujet explétif, et le pivot est un argument interne. Avec une coda, le complément de yǒu « have » est considéré comme une phrase relative (PR) à tête interne, dans laquelle la tête interne se déplace vers Spec,CP de la clause (analyse par montée, cf. Simpson 2003/1997). Nous montrons en outre que ce type de PR dans les constructions yǒu-PS partage une structure de base avec la phrase relative pré-nominale dotée d’un démonstratif (sans le marqueur de modification de). Ce type d’approche rappelle une analyse des phrases relatives libres « Free Relatives » définies et indéfinies en chuj qui partagent une structure relative commune (Kotek & Erlewine 2016).Dans certains contextes enchâssés tels que la phrase rúguǒ « si » et le sujet phrasal, la yǒu-PS n’est pas sujette à la contrainte d’indéfinitude (Li 1996). Nous suivons Li en analysant le complément de yǒu « avoir » comme ayant une structure vP/VP. Nous montrons qu’un tel vP dénote le type d’événement « event type ». Le sujet est un explétif.En outre, nous proposons une première analyse des Presentational Amalgam Constructions (PACs). Les PACs ont été étudiées sous le nom de Constructions de Prédication Secondaire dans la littérature (Tsai 1994, Del Gobbo 2014). Le terme implique l’analyse selon laquelle la coda est un prédicat secondaire. Nous montrons que la séquence post-verbale a une structure de la phrase relative, avec le pivot engendré en tant qu’une tête relative externe, et la coda adjointe à gauche du pivot. À l'intérieur de la coda, la tête interne NP se déplace et s’efface contre la tête externe (analyse « matching »). L’ordre de surface est obtenu grâce au mouvement du pivot vers une position d’objet supérieure. Cette analyse ranime partiellement l'analyse de Tai (1978)
This dissertation investigates the syntax and semantics of four types of Existential sentences (ESs) classified by Huang (1987) in Mandarin Chinese. These ESs are based on yǒu ‘have’ (Type I), verbs of (dis)appearances like lái ‘come’ and sǐ ‘die’ (Type II), locational verbs like zuò ‘sit' (Type III) and Presentational Amalgam Constructions (Type IV). For each type of ESs, I propose non-uniform syntactic analysis based on their syntactic and semantic properties.In Chapter 2, we investigate the yǒu ‘have’-ES both in root contexts and in certain embedded contexts. Full-fledged yǒu ‘have’-ESs are composed of a pre-yǒu localiser phrase, yǒu ‘have’, a pivot and a coda. Scholars have compared them to English there be existentials (Milsark 1974, McNally 1997). In root contexts, it is argued that the ES with a subject (a localiser phrase) has a predication structure, and the pivot denotes property. By contrast, the ES without an overt subject has an expletive subject, and the pivot is an internal argument. We argue that yǒu ‘have’ is not an unaccusative verb. With a coda, the complement of yǒu ‘have’ is argued to be a left-headed Internally Headed Relative Clause, in which the internal head moves to Spec,CP of the clause (Raising Analysis, see also Simpson 2003/1997). It is further argued that this type of RC in yǒu-ESs has a common core structure with the pre-nominal relative clause with a demonstrative head noun (without the modification marker de). This is reminiscent of the analysis that definite and indefinite free relatives share a common relative clause structure in Chuj (Kotek & Erlewine 2016).In certain embedded contexts such as rúguǒ ‘if’-clause and sentential subject, the yǒu-ES does not exhibit the Definiteness Effect (Li 1996). We follow Li in analysing the complement of yǒu ‘have’ as having a vP/VP structure. We take this vP to denote event type. The subject is an expletive. Furthermore, I provide my first analysis of Presentational Amalgam Constructions (PACs). The PAC has been studied under the name Secondary Predication Constructions in the literature (Tsai 1994, Del Gobbo 2014). The term implies the analysis in which the coda is a secondary predicate. I argue that the post-verbal sequence has a relative clause, in which the pivot is the External Head, and the coda is originally left-adjoined to the pivot. Inside the coda clause, the Internal Head NP moves and gets elided against the External Head (Matching Analysis). The surface pivot-coda order is achieved as a result of the movement of the pivot to a higher object position. This analysis partially revives Tai’s (1978) analysis

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Khouw, Edward, und 許源豐. „Mandarin dichotic digit test and mainland Mandarin hearing in noise test: normative findings for Mandarin-speaking school age children“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4448978X.

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Lee, Lai-fong Joanna. „Consonants and contrastive features in developmental Putonghua“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208310.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2002.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2002." Also available in print.

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Bücher zum Thema "Mandarin"

Garrett, Valery M. Mandarin Squares: Mandarins and their insignia. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1990.

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(Firm), Lonely Planet Publications, Hrsg. Mandarin. 6. Aufl. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2006.

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Raatma, Lucia. Mandarin. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2012.

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(Firm), Lonely Planet Publications, Hrsg. Mandarin. 5. Aufl. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2004.

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Yulianti, Cryce. Kamus Mandarin-Indonesia, Indonesia-Mandarin. Ciganjur, Jagakarsa, Jakarta: TransMedia Pustaka, 2013.

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Raharja, Budi. Struktur lagu musik populer Mandarin: Studi kasus grup Sparta Mandarain [i.e. Mandarin] Musik, Yogyakarta. [Yogyakarta]: Lembaga Penelitian, Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta, 2001.

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Rudelson, Justin Ben-Adam. Mandarin phrasebook. 4. Aufl. Footscray, Vic., Australia: Lonely Planet Publications, 2000.

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Queirós, Eça de. Le mandarin. Paris: La Différence, 1985.

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Thiéry, Alain. Le Mandarin. Paris: Carrere, 1986.

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Lu, John H. T. Mandarin Chinese. [Tallahassee, Fl.] (P.O. Box 4192, Tallahassee 32315): [East Oak Pub. Co.], 1987.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Mandarin"

Wiedenhof, Jeroen. „Standard Mandarin“. In Typological Studies in Negation, 93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.29.06wie.

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Hearden, Patrick J. „America’s Mandarin“. In The Tragedy of Vietnam, 63–94. 5th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164397-3.

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Tonghe, Dong. „Early Mandarin“. In Historical Phonology of Chinese, 56–75. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003411444-4.

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Chang, Tao-Hsing, und Yao-Ting Sung. „SmartWriting-Mandarin“. In The Routledge International Handbook of Automated Essay Evaluation, 78–90. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003397618-6.

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„Mandarin“. In Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, 289–91. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959152.ch74.

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„Mandarin“. In Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, 274–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119114796.ch75.

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„Mandarin“. In The Bible in China, 139–60. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315096391-8.

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„MANDARIN“. In Western Fruit Gardening, 187–88. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.8085415.33.

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„Satsuma Mandarin“. In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1758. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_15063.

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„America’s Mandarin“. In The Tragedy of Vietnam, 48–71. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315510859-3.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Mandarin"

Yang, Yike, und Si Chen. „Individual differences in Mandarin focus production“. In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0057/000472.

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This paper investigated whether and how individual speakers of Mandarin Chinese (Mandarin) mark prosodic focus (broad focus vs verb focus) differently in their production, and tested focus effects on mean F0, duration and intensity. The findings indicated the role of the three acoustic cues in Mandarin focus marking at both the group and individual levels. Meanwhile, the individual data showed great variations among speakers in terms of the extent to which the cues were employed. It is proposed that the dynamics of acoustic cues should be considered in future studies and caution should be taken when selecting stimuli for focus perception studies.

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Liu, Zenghui, Aoju Chen und Hans Van de Velde. „Prosodic focus marking in Bai-Mandarin sequential bilinguals Mandarin“. In Speech Prosody 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2016-195.

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Li, Aijun, und Xia Wang. „A contrastive investigation of standard Mandarin and accented Mandarin“. In 8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2003). ISCA: ISCA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2003-647.

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Chen, Ying, Jiajing Zhang, Bingying Ye und Chenfang Zhou. „Prosodic Realization of Focus in Changchun Mandarin and Nanjing Mandarin“. In 2019 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp48816.2019.9037655.

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Yang, Yike, Si Chen und Xi Chen. „F0 Patterns in Mandarin Statements of Mandarin and Cantonese Speakers“. In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2549.

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Chen, Nancy F., Rong Tong, Darren Wee, Peixuan Lee, Bin Ma und Haizhou Li. „SingaKids-Mandarin: Speech Corpus of Singaporean Children Speaking Mandarin Chinese“. In Interspeech 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2016-139.

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Yang, Hongwu, Di Zhang, Rui Jiang und Chunhui Shang. „AN INTELLIGENT MANDARIN-TIBETAN BILINGUAL LEARNING PLATFORM FOR MANDARIN LEARNING“. In 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.0757.

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Richer, Sue-Anne, und Walcir Cardoso. „Beyond the walls of classrooms: Exploring the pedagogical effectiveness of Text-To-Speech-based Shadowing (TTS-S) on the development of Mandarin tones“. In EuroCALL 2023: CALL for all Languages. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall2023.2023.16979.

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This study examines the pedagogical effectiveness of using Text-To-Speech synthesis (TTS) combined with Shadowing (TTS-S) for self-regulated learning of Mandarin tones 1 and 4. The aim is to determine the probability of success of this innovative approach that uses TTS to generate audio for shadowing practice. The research was guided by the following research question: can TTS-S help L2 learners raise their awareness and improve their perception and production of the target Mandarin tones over a period of six weeks? Over six week, ten participants engaged in self-regulated activities using TTS-S to learn the two pronunciation targets. By means of pre-/post-tests (to assess effectiveness in pronunciation) participants were asked to complete: (1) an awareness task in which they verbalized their metacognitive knowledge of Mandarin tones; (2) ABX tasks to assess their perception of Mandarin tones; and (3) a production task to evaluate their production of the target tones. Our findings are inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of TTS-S for improving awareness, perception, and production of Mandarin tones 1 and 4 among L2 learners. They also indicate that while certain aspects of phonological development, specifically production, showed some improvements, the overall impact was not statistically significant.

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Meng, Helen, Jianqiang Wang, Berlin Chen, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Gina-Anne Levow, Wai-Kit Lo, Douglas Oard, Patrick Schone, Karen Tang und Hsin-Min Wang. „Mandarin-English Information (MEI)“. In the first international conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1072133.1072202.

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Meng, Helen, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Gina Levow, Douglas W. Oard und Hsin-Min Wang. „Mandarin-English Information (MEI)“. In NAACL-ANLP 2000 Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1117586.1117590.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Mandarin"

Xiong, Wei. The Mandarin Model of Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25296.

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Chen, Jing. Hearing the Voices of Bicultural and Bilingual Teachers: Using a Case Study Approach to Explain the Professional Identity Development of Early Career Native Chinese Mandarin Teachers. Portland State University Library, Mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7321.

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Rittman, Martyn, Xiaoli Chen, Chieh-Chih Estelle Cheng, Lulu Jiang und Jia Liu. Better Together: Facilitating FAIR Research Output Sharing (APAC time zones). Chair Ran Dang. Crossref, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/yzmm3339.

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Unique and persistent identifiers for researchers, institutes, and different types of research outputs, alongside comprehensive metadata, facilitates Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) research. In the second webinar of the Better Together series hosted by Crossref, DataCite, and ORCID, we welcomed a guest co-organizer CSTR (Common Science and Technology Resource Identifier) to jointly present a session focused on the sharing of scholarly resources, leveraging both the global and local identifier infrastructure and services. We go into detail about how repositories can leverage open scholarly infrastructure to help researchers share more, cite more, and generate impact. Part of this webinar focuses on some use cases in the Mandarin-speaking community. However, the presentation is be conducted in English with slides in both English and Mandarin. In this webinar we covered the following topics: Who we are Besides papers, what other resources can be shared? What’s the difference between “sharing” and “publishing”? How our organizations work together to make different types of scholarly resources Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable Science Data Bank and how it integrates with identifiers in their workflow This webinar took place on 19 September 2022 at 6am UTC/ 14:00 Beijing. This webinar lasts 90 minutes including time for Q&A. 研究者、科研机构、和科研成果都能利用独特永久识别符(PID)及其背后丰富详尽的元数据,实现可查询、可获取、可互操作、可复用的FAIR科研数据原则。此次Crossref, DataCite, ORCID和通用科技资源标识符CSTR合办的线上宣讲会,将着重讨论机构存储库利用国际国内开放标识符基础设施,帮助研究者分享、引用不同类型研究成果,产生影响力。本次宣讲会以英文进行,幻灯片内容将以中英双语呈现。时间 2022年9月19日 06:00 上午世界标准时间UTC

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Mitchell, Olivia. The Effects of Mandating Benefits Packages. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Februar 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3260.

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Benzarti, Youssef, Jarkko Harju und Tuomas Matikka. Does Mandating Social Insurance Affect Entrepreneurial Activity? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, März 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25651.

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Sarhan, Faiza Diab. Sabean-Mandaean Women’s Experiences: The Intersectional Impact of Religious and Ideological Conflict in Iraqi Society. Institute of Development Studies, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.007.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by Sabean-Mandaean women in Iraq. Within the Sabean-Mandaean community, women are traditionally seen to have great value. Inheritance is split equally between women and men, and children have a religious name as well as a lay name that traces the lineage of their mother. However, Sabean-Mandaean women in Iraq today face a range of inequalities and discrimination based on the intersection of their religious identity and gender. The US occupation of Iraq in 2003, the following sectarian wars, and the 2014 ISIS invasion had a profound impact on the lives of all Sabean-Mandaean people in Iraq. As a religious minority, Sabean-Mandaeans continue to find themselves subject to oppression, discrimination and exile.

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Yufei, Cao, und Peng Shuqin. Comparación de la recategorización del sustantivo entre el español y el chino mandarín. Edicions i Publicacions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/sintagma.2023.35.06.

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Olsen, Mari B., Bonnie Dorr und Scott Thomas. Enhancing Automatic Acquisition of Thematic Structure in a Large-Scale Lexicon for Mandarian Chinese. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458646.

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Dursun, Bahadir, Resul Cesur und Inas Rashad Kelly. The Value of Mandating Maternal Education in a Developing Country. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Juni 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23492.

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Sarhan, Faiza Diab. Sabean-Mandaean Women and Religious and Ideological Conflict in Iraqi Society. Institute of Development Studies, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.019.

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