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1
Kidinov, Alexey V., und Viktoriy A. Kutsenko. „Psychological content and factors of intrapersonal competence of a woman in “woman–man” dyad“. Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS, Nr. 4 (2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-231x-2022-21-4-41-48.
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We present the issue of the relationship between a man and a woman, analyze the concept of intrapersonal competence of a woman in a relationship with a man. This concept is considered from the point of view of different researchers. Structural components of intrapersonal competence are given: motivational, cognitive, executive, evaluative, relational and regulatory. The motivational component reflects the woman’s need for self-realization. The cognitive component reveals the reflection and reproduction of images of communication partners and relationships in dyadic interaction. The executive component reflects the strategies of a woman, applied by her in resolving a conflict with a man. The evaluation component reveals the level of satisfaction with relationships, which, in turn, is determined by the psychological maturity of the woman and her choice of adaptive coping strategies in dyadic interaction. The relational component reveals compatibility in the dyadic interaction “woman–man”. The regulatory component is determined by the forms of personal behavior of partners, their complementarity and congruence of assessments in dyadic interaction. Psychological factors are the fundamental reasons for the development of a woman’s intrapersonal competence, which are the source for starting the entire process of developing relations between partners, which determined its result. To optimize the factor solution we use the Varimax rotation method, which maximizes high loads on the factors and minimizes small loads. As a result, 5 factors were identified that explain most of the variability in the answers of the subjects: social emotional competence, competence in interaction with a partner, personal competence (understanding oneself and managing oneself), idealization of the image of a desired partner, tolerance and acceptance of others.
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Li, Hu, Lingjie Su, Jichen Wang, Wenying Song, Huaiyang Tu und Shiqi Huang. „Leader–Subordinate Gender Composition and Leader Empowering Behavior“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 51, Nr. 8 (02.08.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.12412.
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Focusing on gender role theory and the queen bee phenomenon, this study explored the differentiated exchange relationships between leaders and subordinates with different gender composition, and their influence on leader empowering behavior. We collected data from 1,211 subordinates of 286 teams at a Fortune 500 company in China through the questionnaire method. The empirical analysis results showed that the leader-member exchange relationship of the woman leader-woman subordinate composition was lower than that of the man leader-man subordinate composition, which further reduced leader empowering behavior. This study further used man leader-woman subordinate and woman leader-man subordinate compositions as control groups to verify the effectiveness of the queen bee phenomenon. We concluded that the queen bee phenomenon alone does not significantly affect leader empowering behavior, but that the combination of gender stereotypes and queen bee phenomenon has a significant effect.
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Ibrahim, Bai Salam Macapia. „Man-Woman Conflict in Selected Carlos Palanca: Award Winning Plays of the 1980’s“. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, Nr. 2 (27.02.2021): 09–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.2.2.
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The study attempted to help shape a fuller and deeper understanding of man-woman relationships and its attendant tensions, complications and intricacies seen and refracted through the feminist perspective and psychoanalytic lens. To achieve this objective, three selected Palanca award winning plays in the Philippines were critically examined to this end: The Chieftain’s Daughter by Felix Clemente, Celadons by Dhelia Racines, and Brisbane by Bobby Flores Villasis. Freudian psychoanalytic criticism and feminist perspective guided the analysis and interpretation of the text. It aimed to identify the type of man-woman conflicts in each play and the literary devices which are employed in the plays. It also aimed to examine the confluence factors which underlie the conflicts and the insights into the man-woman relationship conveyed by the selected plays. Based on the analysis, among the devices used to highlight the conflict were dialectics and symbolism. Some of the underlying factors which affect the conflicts were the pressure of traditional value and practices, greed, and insecurities. Thus, this study unveiled the nature of gender and conflict and the understanding of the man-woman relationships through the intervention or mediation of literature.
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Willya, Evra. „HAK-HAK REPRODUKSI DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM“. Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama dan Jender 11, Nr. 1 (02.06.2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/marwah.v11i1.497.
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Woman always becomes an interesting topic to be discussed in religion. It is because of religion represents the way of life of mankind. It contains direct interconnected teachings with law and orders about the position and life of woman, both in worship and in particular relationship between man and woman, especially in terms of family relationships. During this, most of “the religious elite" are biased in understanding and interpretation of the religious texts in relation to women's issues, because they understand the religious texts literally, it seem to favor men over women. This paper discuss about reproductive rights in Islam. In Islam, woman and man are in the same position. It is stated clearly in both the Qur'an and the hadith.
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Balmatova, T. M. „GENDER RELATIONS IN SPANISH FLAMENCO CULTURE (BASED ON THE COLLECTION OF THE COUPLETS BY A. MACHADO ALVAREZ)“. Culture and Text, Nr. 45 (2021): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2305-4077-2021-2-211-226.
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The main theme of flamenco songs - urban folklore of Andalusia - is the relationship between a man and a woman. Couplets, written in the form of three or quatrains, tell about the evolution of feeling and serve as a source of information about the cultural, ideological and linguistic characteristics of the south of Spain. The authors of the couplets are representatives of an ethnoculturally heterogeneous socially vulnerable stratum of urban society. The purpose of the article is to understand the formation, existence and disintegration of the union of a man and a woman through the prism of a folk song. The material was the collection of A. Machado Alvarez, published in 1881, reflecting the manners and relationships of people of the 19th century.
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Dr. Manoj Kumar. „Exploring Dimensions of Relationships in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner“. Creative Launcher 7, Nr. 1 (28.02.2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.1.08.
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It is appropriately designated man as a social animal. For this reason, there a compulsion before human beings to live in society and be reliant on the functionality of others for his existence and livelihood. There are varieties of ties and bonds to be maintained with society, family and above all God with the help of connections and communication among individuals and masses. There are emotional bonds although human beings come from numerous cultures, ethnicities, races, nations, and social classes. There are internal and external connections which human beings keeps on dealing at every step. Internal and intimate bonds are maintained among the family members while external connections are maintained among friends, companions, relatives and so many others. Some relations are linked through blood but some are there based on emotions, trust, devotion, faith and needs. One of the most substantial human connections is that between a man and a woman. Therefore, the man-woman connection remains the pivotal point of any civilised society. Literature and literary texts capture the concrete and abstract image of human existence, relations, pleasures and pains. The present article brings out the different shades of relationships in the works of Khaled Hosseini. There are themes of expatriate literature in his works as an Afghan based writer having the concerns of diaspora. Most of his protagonists and other charters uphold their conviction in love and humanity although having the situations of adversity. Hope remained the prime concern of his creations.
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Dolgopolski, Sergey. „And G-d Created Wife: How Did the Modern Other Emerge?“ Religions 12, Nr. 10 (12.10.2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100863.
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Asking the question of the emergence of the modern other, the paper explores the inversion of relationships between wife and woman, husband and man in an archeological analysis of a Talmudic reading by Emmanuel Levinas “And God Created Woman.” The theoretical framework of inquiry focuses on the development of relationships between the human on the one hand and the thinking and acting subject on the other. The guiding question is that of defining modern subjectivity by the disappearance of rabbinic discourse from its horizon.
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Lee, Terry. „“Instigating Women” and Initiation in Postmodern Male Identity: Women Mentoring Men in Michael Dorris's Short Fiction“. Journal of Men’s Studies 6, Nr. 2 (März 1998): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106082659800600206.
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Two short stories from Working Men by the American fiction writer Michael Dorris enact romantic heterosexual relationships in which a woman becomes the mentor who helps carry a man stuck in delayed adolescence into initiated manhood. Dorris's stories update and make accessible the mythical and magical elements that Robert Bly has described in his Iron John as being able to renew a man stuck in his boyhood woundedness. Where Bly discusses the female mentor for men in terms of “meeting the god woman” and the wild woman guarding a sacred pond, Dorris fleshes out his female guides in the form of what Bly calls “instigating wom[en],” contemporary women who possess a certain wisdom. These women play a life-transforming role in establishing a more mature, differentiated identity in men.
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Ермекбаева, А., und Г. Узун. „Gender and power relationships in the language of proverbs: image of a man“. Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке 1, Nr. 1 (24.11.2023): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/xxia-ttipr-vol1-iss1-pp580-587.pdf.
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It is very interesting to study proverbs and sayings describing the image of a man and a woman in-nonnative Kazakh and English languages. Proverbs and sayings that describe the image of a man which are used in everyday spoken language add value to the theme of the article. In addition, the relevance of the work lies in the examination of cross-comparisons of proverbs and sayings between non-native languages. The article aims at studying proverbs and phrases in English that describe the appearance, character, social characteristics, and position of men in society. Gender is one of the most important parameters of binary opposition and social existence.
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Margulies, Sam. „Winter/Summer Divorce“. Journal of Psychiatry & Law 26, Nr. 1 (März 1998): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539802600104.
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Marriages between an older man and a younger woman frequently end in divorce because the couple is unable to negotiate a critical change in the relationship. Such marriages are often based on an implicit contract in which the wife achieves rapid economic and professional advancement by marrying a successful and wealthier man while the husband gets an adoring and submissive wife who accepts his domination. This works only until the wife matures and demands a more equal relationship. This demand is often experienced by the husband as a breach of their contract and a betrayal of the marital agreement. An inability on his part to renegotiate the relationship is generally the precursor to divorce. This article explores the psychodynamics of such relationships as well as the counseling and legal issues raised by these divorces.
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Lang, Wang. „The Traditional New Woman and Emerging New Man in Republican China“. Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 24, Nr. 1 (01.05.2024): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15982661-11056768.
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Abstract This study focuses on the agony of married New Women, as well as the emerging New Man, in the 1920s and 1930s. While the New Woman in love has attracted considerable scholarly attention, the dilemma of New Women after marriage remains mostly ignored. Relying on literary works as well as articles in newspapers and periodicals, this essay attributes the New Woman's acute dissatisfaction to the uncontested gendered division of labor and the discontinuity between romantic relationships and institutionalized marriage. Intellectuals proposed communal childcare as the solution to the New Woman's dilemma; however, this still left the gendered labor division intact. This essay identifies the traditional role of the New Woman in the family and observes the emergence of xianfu liangfu (賢夫良父, “good husband and wise father”), a counterpart to xianqi liangmu (賢妻良母, “good wife and wise mother”). This understudied discourse demands equal responsibility at home and an attentive fatherhood from men.
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Burmistrova, LARISA V. „PRAGMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMOROUS APHORISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFE SPACE“. HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 76, Nr. 4 (2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2020-76-4-017-022.
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The analysis of pragmatic characteristics of humorous aphorisms in the context of life space. Author's humorous aphorisms of famous writers, poets, historians of the 17th, 18th, 19th centuries and modern humorous aphorisms posted on the Internet; collection of sayings, quotes and aphorisms “Big Book of Wisdom” (edited by Yuri Lavrov). The relevance of the research is determined by the interest in comic universal expressions, network discourse, comical texts. The research results are applicable when compiling a study guide for students or can be used to compile a psychological portrait of the hero of the work. The aim of the present study is to investigate the pragmatic characteristics of humorous aphorisms. It is analyzed that humorous aphorisms of famous writers, poets, historians of the 17th, 18th, 19th centuries and modern humorous aphorisms affect the main aspects of life. Pragmatic characteristics of humorous aphorisms are analyzed. It was found that the humorous aphorisms most vividly reflect the relationship and love between a man and a woman, the intellect of a woman and a man, care of women, the image of a strong, ambitious man, relationships in marriage, feelings (love and happiness), positive attitude (purposefulness, necessity of education), negative attitude (duplicity, laziness, stupidity, slight knowledge, exaggeration of material value), the contrary opinion of an optimist and a pessimist.
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Malkova, Tetiana. „THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF LOVE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CONTEXT OF C.G. JUNG’S THEORY“. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LAW REVIEW, Nr. 1 (30.03.2023): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2023-1-87.
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The topic of love, despite the rich phenomenology of this phenomenon, is poorly studied. This article examines only one aspect of the concept of love, namely love between a man and a woman. An attempt is made to explain this phenomenon from the standpoint of the theory of C.G. Jung who believed that the base of the human psyche was a subconscious mind that consisted of archetypes. Archetypes are the most ancient representations of the most significant phenomena of the external and internal world. The article summarises scientific data, descriptions of the phenomenon of love in fictional literature and simple analysis of life experiences such as my own, as well as other people’s. The hypothesis about the psychological mechanisms of the emergence of love between a man and a woman is substantiated. The proposed hypothesis is based on the theory of C.G. Jung about archetypes as unconscious contents of the human psyche. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, works of fiction are considered, examples from the practice of psychologists and the personal life of people are given. As a result, conclusions were drawn that the source of love is not outside, but inside a person, the need to love is inherent to one degree or another in every person (and, probably, in every living being); the trigger that starts the processes of falling in love are certain events that find an emotional response in a person who is psychologically ready for a relationship of love; the projection (transfer, in Jung's words) of the content of the corresponding archetype onto another person is often carried out unconsciously and leads to disappointment in love relationships. Separately, cases of a person's awareness of their gender as not coinciding with the biological characteristics of sex are considered. It can be assumed that intersex variations are echoes of the distant past, a regression to that period of evolutionary development, when hermaphroditism was observed in creatures preceding the appearance of the species homo sapiens. It is no coincidence that C.G. Jung, an adherent of the idea of evolutionary-biological and socio-historical development of mankind, considers the archetype of “love” as consisting of two “halves” - Anima (feminine) and Animus (masculine), - and available both in men and in women. But at the biopsychological level, hermaphroditism makes itself felt: in women, along with the feminine, the masculine principle is archetypally represented, and in men, along with the masculine, the feminine. In love, the archetypal components of gender are actualized in men and women in different ways: in cases of uncomplicated (“traditional”) gender identification, the Animus (her idea-image of a Man) is activated in a woman, and in men - Anima (his idea-image of a Woman), but with all possible individual differences.
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Murugesapandian, N. „Tragedy Stories Spilling Over into Family Relationships: Discourses on the Tamil Novel Bhagalathamma“. Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 8, Nr. 1 (01.07.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v8i1.6622.
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Puliyur Murugesan has a unique purpose to bind the family in the life of Tamils, where the belief that the institution of the family is sacred has penetrated deeply, and to identify the pains and crises embedded in it and narrate them into stories. The world of men in crisis to conform to the values imposed by the family is detailed in the novel. While thinking, the question arises as to who needs a family? Is it a man? Or a woman? Any organization is created due to social need in one way or another. However, over time the system weakens when it is challenged by internal conflicts. The narrative of the novel Bhagalathamma unfolds in the language of a man struggling in family relationships, creating new replicas in reading.
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Bollobás, Enikő. „Versions of Triangular Desire in Hungarian Literature: Reading Sándor Márai and Péter Nádas“. Hungarian Cultural Studies 11 (06.08.2018): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2018.321.
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Two Hungarian authors, Sándor Márai and Péter Nádas, seem to have one thing in common: their attraction to triangular relationships. Written between 1935 and 1942 and portraying human relations in pre-World War II Hungary, Márai’s two novels and one drama all turn on a very specific triangular structure between two close friends and the woman whom they both love(d). Now they conduct a painful tête-à-tête to decide on the final ownership (or simply fate) of the woman. Written in 1979 and portraying human relations in communist Hungary, Nádas’s play has only two actors on stage, a woman of aristocratic descent and a young man, the son of a high-ranking communist official, the woman’s long dead lover. This exchange between the two characters opens into an encounter of three, where the woman and the young man each use the other as a mediator to reach the third, the lover/father. Bollobás argues that the triangles displayed by the two authors represent two distinct types: the former is informed by fixed, hierarchical, subject-object power relations, while the latter by fluid, non-hierarchical, subject-subject relations.
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Sperandio, Katharine R., Charles F. Gressard und Daniel Gutierrez. „When a Man Loves a Woman: Experiences of Male Partners in Relationships With Addicted Women“. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling 42, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2021): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaoc.12096.
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Mass, Mili, und Alean Al-Krenawi. „When a man encounters a woman, Satan is also present: Clinical relationships in Bedouin society.“ American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 64, Nr. 3 (1994): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079541.
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Moosa, M. Y. H., R. Benjamin und F. Y. Jeenah. „A review of multispousal relationships - psychosocial effects and therapy“. South African Journal of Psychiatry 12, Nr. 2 (01.06.2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v12i2.59.
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Polygamy is defined as a marital system in which a man is married to more than one woman at the same time. This article reviews 210 articles from the literature. The aim is to place polygamy in a cultural context and suggest family therapy approaches to psychological and other stresses that may arise from these relationships. Polygamy is accepted and legally practised in many cultures worldwide. It may have both beneficial and deleterious psychosocial consequences for individuals involved in such relationships. Some of the issues arising in such multiparental families can be addressed by relational therapies, if those therapies are based on what is culturally acceptable.
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Vézina, Aline. „Astrid Stuckelberger, François Höpflinger. Vieillissement différentiel: hommes et femmes. Dossier de recherche. Zürich, Éditions Seismo, 1996.“ Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 17, Nr. 2 (1998): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800009296.
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ABSTRACTDo men and women age differently? This is the question the authors attempt to answer. By borrowing from biological, psychobehavioural and sociohistoric fields of study, the authors address - from a differential angle - man/woman relationships, life expectancy, causes of morbidity and mortality, health status perception, psychological aging, life cycle events, and family relationships. This is an excellent, well-documented review of writings that elicit reflection on current and future aging at the dawn of the 21st century.
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Kukharenko, Oleksandr. „STATUSES OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF UKRAINIAN WEDDING RITES“. Ethnic History of European Nations, Nr. 65 (2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.65.05.
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The use of Gennep’s theory of the rites of passage is an important component of structural and functional studies of the cycle of wedding ceremonies. From the point of view of transitions of the main characters from one social status to another (young man, girl – groom, bride – newlywed – man, woman), the ritual structure is divided into four stages. It is established that the transitions take place in the culminating episodes of the rites of engagement, wedding and komora (wedding night), which are the points of the highest level of sacralization of reality due to the energy of the afterlife. The main condition for achieving this level is the conscientious performance of the functional duties of all participants in the rites. As the main characters receive new statuses, their functions change and expand, and other participants are given certain responsibilities to perform. The culmination of the whole great cycle of cycles is the rite of the komora and the final transition to the status of a man and a woman. At the same time, the initial and final statuses are profane, because they constantly exist in real life. The statuses «groom – bride» and «newlywed» are temporary, sacred, because they exist within the rite. But without them, without the rite, without the influence of sacralization from the afterlife, it is impossible to make the transition from the initial status of a young man and a young woman to the final – a man and a woman. The rite of the komora, which is the main, culminating rite of the whole wedding cycle, during which anti-behavioral actions are widely used, when personal and even intimate relationships become the property of community, carries out not only the transition of the main characters, but all participants of wedding ceremonies. There is an exit from the rite, and hence the return of profane statuses that existed before entering the rite. In the Ukrainian language, the terms that mean ritual or sacred social statuses are monosyllabic (groom – bride; newlywed; bridesmen), while profane statuses differ from each other (man - woman; boys – girls).
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Lotter, GA, und Rian S. Steyn. „Hooglied: Hedendaagse paradigma vir romantiese verhoudings“. Verbum et Ecclesia 27, Nr. 1 (17.11.2006): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v27i1.143.
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In this article it is argued that the Old Testament book Song of Songs can serve as a present-day paradigm for romantic relationships. Song of Songs is being viewed as a collection of love poems and songs where the romantic relationship between a man and a woman is in the focus. The authors discuss the so called “love triangle” which is to be found in Song of Songs. The challenge for correcting relationships with regards to reciprocity and equility in this relationship is also researched followed by the important (albeit absent in the text itself) acknowledgement of people’s own limitation and dependence on God. This article therefore deals with the roles of men and women in connection with love, the complexities of love and suggests nine consequences of Song of Songs for romantic relationships. The article ends with a short discussion on the adventure of love.
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Owsley, Douglas W., und Richard L. Jantz. „Archaeological Politics and Public Interest in Paleoamerican Studies: Lessons from Gordon Creek Woman and Kennewick Man“. American Antiquity 66, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2001): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694173.
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This paper discusses the Kennewick lawsuit as it relates to the intended purposes of Nagpra. It also reflects upon comments made by Swedlund and Anderson (1999) in a recent American Antiquity Forum, which conceptually linked two ancient skeletons, Gordon Creek Woman and Kennewick Man. Their assertions indicate the need for clarifying specific issues and events pertaining to the case. We comment on how times have changed with the passage of NAGPRA, how differently these two skeletons have been treated by the media and the scientists interested in them, and show how discussions of biological affiliation have relevance. There is still much to be learned from Kennewick Man and Gordon Creek Woman. But attempts to bring the concept of race or racial typing into the picture show misunderstanding regarding the use of morphological data in tracing population historical relationships, not to mention obfuscating the scientific issues they raise.
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Zaichenko, Dariya A. „SEPHARDIC MATRIMONIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE EARLY MODERN DIASPORA“. Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Nr. 4 (18) (2021): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-131-144.
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At first sight it may seem that family relationships lie just in the sphere of private life and historical sources which describe them may tell us little about the organization of Jewish community or about the interaction between the Jewish community and local non-Jewish authorities. However, the term ‘matrimonial relationships’ has a wide range of aspects. This work is an attempt to illuminate some of them. The article is dedicated to matrimonial relationships in the Jewish community of Avignon in the second half of the sixteenth century. It is made like a case-study and based on the scandal which happened at that time in the Jewish community of Avignon which was then a part of French holdings of the Pope, that’s to say the French part of the Papal States, and thus was controlled directly by the pope. The scandal is connected to the name of Bondion Crescas — a man who decided to marry the daughter of a woman with whom he passed the ceremony of halitzah several years ago. The intention brought about the opposition of the traditional rabbinate, that’s to say the majority of rabbis of Italy and Palestine as the conflict didn’t remain local one and rapidly became a subject of long disputes between different parties within the Jewish world. The study is based on hand-written documents, that’s to say on the Hebrew manuscript from D. Ginzburg’s Collection which has’t been decoded and studied before and is preserved in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library. The process reveals three main issues. The first one is the Halakhic legality of marital intercourse between a man and the daughter of his haluzah (a woman with whom he must have got married a levirate marriage but released her). The second one is the social image of Avignon community in the 16th century, and the last one is the question about the boundaries of rabbinical jurisdiction in traditional Jewish society.
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Garabík, Radovan, und Jana Wachtarczyková. „Gender Asymmetry of Visegrád Group Languages as Reflected by Word Embeddings“. Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 73, Nr. 3 (01.12.2022): 354–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0013.
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Abstract Today, word embeddings have become a standard method in natural language processing, largely due to the availability of large language corpora. The models effectively reflect the semantic relationships between words without any additional linguistic input. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on interpreting the seemingly discriminatory results of some queries, with the goal of de-biasing language models. However, if we consider the vector space to be a reasonably valid model of a linguistic semantic space, does not the asymmetry and subsequent discrimination in word embeddings reflect the (average) discriminatory tendencies inherent in the language? This article explores word embedding models for the Visegrád group languages and we apply basic vector arithmetic to demonstrate the basic language asymmetry present in the models. It is well known that in English models, vector transfers result in eerily accurate predictions when swapping genders (the famous king – man + woman = queen), but these transfers also result in rather uncomplimentary roles for certain occupations (doctor – man + woman = nurse, or computer programmer – man + woman = homemaker). The article explores similar transfers in models of V4 languages – Slovak, Czech, Polish, and Hungarian. With Hungarian gender neutrality, Polish strong generic masculine, and close parallels between Slovak and Czech, we hope to uncover interesting similarities and differences in gender asymmetry in these languages, based on real language data.
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Kosmarski, Artyom. „The other, the child, and the trinitarity: towards a new theological justification for heterosexuality“. St. Tikhons' University Review 108 (31.08.2023): 34–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2023108.34-56.
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This paper, written in the context of a public debate on LGBT issues, seeks a novel theological explanation for the uniqueness of the relationship between a man and a woman in the flesh, and an answer to the question of why heterosexual relations are considered in the Gospel and Christian tradition to be the way to God. The author argues that the value of heterosexual relations, which nowadays is no longer considered self-evident, requires a new justification – which the paper attempts to give, drawing on the intellectual resources of modern theology (Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant) and twentieth-century philosophy. The article begins with an analysis of I Rom. 1:19-27, describing Paul’s position on the subject. Then the author interprets love between a man and a woman as a fundamental experience of communion with the Other, an experience necessary, among other things, for a relationship with God and life in heaven. Next we will consider the profound connection of heterosexual relationships with the conception, as an act of God phenomenon (unpredictable and miraculous) and personal trust in God, and the experience of trinitarian relationships, in the father-mother-child triangle, with the knowledge of the Trinitarian God. The ideas and arguments developed in this article are not based on notions of "normalcy-abnormality," "naturalness-non-naturalness" of one behavior or another, but on principles of path and choice. We argue that our approach may be useful for the church, from a catechetical and missionary perspective, helping to develop a language in which to talk about sexuality and live in the contemporary world.
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Kaplun, Marianna V. „Feminine and Masculine Images in Stories by N.A. Krasheninnikov“. Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 71 (2024): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2024-71-155-168.
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The paper examines a collection of short stories by the Russian writer Nikolai Alexandrovich Krasheninnikov (1878–1941) Shadows of Love, which was published in 1915. According to critics, in his stories Krasheninnikov draws the “dreary path” of heroes who come to life at the moment of meeting with deceptive illusions. The collection’s author builds a whole system of male and female perception of relationships, using a fairly simple formula, characteristic of modernist works in which the hero or heroine is tested by betrayal or jealousy. According to Krasheninnikov, both a woman and a man who find themselves in a situation of adultery exist in an active-passive Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur. 2024. Vol. 71 Philological sciences 167 paradigm of dependence on invented relationships (both the traitor and the one who is being cheated, and active principle can awaken in a woman, and passive becomes a companion of a man, depending on the chosen role. It is noteworthy that for a woman in Krasheninnikov’s stories, adultery is seen, first of all, as one of the manifestations of female rebellion in a patriarchal society, even if marital relations are not abusive for a woman. Opened betrayal or suspicion of it destroys masculine perception of the world, no matter how it was created, through a priori unequal marriage or loving relationships. The motif of adultery yields to the theme of a man’s search for illusory love, both in the opening and closing story of the cycle, which indicates the desire of author to both find one’s way to the essence of intersexual relations and catch the elusive “mood of love” with one stroke, which is typical for a short story genre (collection dedicated to A.P. Chekhov). The Poetics of the stories is built not so much on the antithesis of the manifestation of feminine and masculine principles, but on a preliminary attempt to reveal the psychology of sex, continued by the author in the novels of the 1910–1920s.
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Ragaišienė, Vilija. „Expression of Man’s Portrait in the Dictionary of the Southern South Aukštaitian Subdialects“. Vilnius University Open Series, Nr. 5 (04.12.2020): 246–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vllp.2020.12.
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The article examines the expression of a person living in the area of the Southern South Aukštaitian, describing the appearance and physical characteristics, features of the character and temper, social status and relationships based on the material in the two-volume Comprehensive Dictionary of the Southern South Aukštaitian Subdialects (Vol I published in 2016, Vol II in 2019).To begin with, the study includes all sentences that use the word man. It is also based on the examples where it is replaced by pronouns (I, you, he, she etc.), kinship terms (mother, father, brother, sister, grandson, granddaughter, aunt, uncle etc.), nouns that designate individuals by the gender (boy, girl, woman, woman, man etc.) and other. All the sentences in the dictionary that speak of man are analysed.The lexicographic data show that a person (man, woman, child) is an individual living in the Southern South Aukštaitian area. He/she is a kind-hearted, sincere, open, tolerant, cheerful and witty, hardworking and creative representative of the people and dialect; also energetic and persevering, though not always physically strong and capable.The analysis carried out reveals the genesis of the concept of man, and shows the attitude of several generations to man. The illustrative sentences highlight the stereotypical image of a person living in the Southern South Aukštaitian area (cheerful, generous, and hardworking, believes in God and is superstitious, values the family etc.) and show the new emerging traits (laziness, drinking, stealing, disobeying, immoral and dishonest etc.). The analysis of the dialectical discourse reveals the difference between the archaic and contemporary approaches; the ongoing changes in material and spiritual life are revealed.The material in the dictionary reveals the wonderful harmony of man and nature, which has been formed over several centuries, with the community living in a relatively isolated, closed environment. The worldview of man living in the area of the Southern South Aukštaitian area is interwoven with the old mythological world, the mysteries of the Catholic faith, and the realities of the present. Although the world is changing, old values and customs are disappearing and villages are abandoned, people are optimistic about the world. Work, family, faith in God and man are their greatest values.
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González-Ripoll, Loles. „Slave and convict: José Rufino Parra’s double sentence in the Antilles and mainland Spain“. Culture & History Digital Journal 11, Nr. 2 (16.11.2022): e023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.023.
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This paper addresses the adversities of a slave in 19th century Cuba who was considered dangerous because of his education; the suspicious claim of the owner; the slave’s arrest between Cuba, Spain, and Puerto Rico, and the defence of the rights to which he was entitled. The scant but interesting documentation on the misfortune of José Rufino Parra raises many issues regarding the daily relationships between masters and slaves; the unheard-of relationship between a black man and a white woman; the conservation of family honour, and the importance of education and family for slaves within an unjust colonial system, which, despite injustices, did offer opportunities to defend themselves.
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Das, Shantanu. „Redefining the Other: Sexual Politics in Ismat Chughtai’s “The Mole” and “The Homemaker”“. SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 4, Nr. 2 (11.08.2022): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v4i2.47427.
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In presenting the sexual politics in her stories, Ismat Chughtai is often quite deconstructive. In her stories, “The Mole” and “The Homemaker,” she breaks the traditional power nexus of man as the subject and woman as the Other in the politics of sexuality by presenting the characters of Rani and Lajo respectively. These characters, with their bold and authoritative sexuality, choose their sexual relationships on their own and posit themselves at the centre of those relationships—Rani in her relationships with Choudhry, Chunnan and Ratna; and Lajo in hers with Mirza. By portraying these two women as the subject in their sexual politics, Chughtai redefines the Other to be the man, instead of the woman. The pattern that Chughtai weaves here to do that has two distinct threads: first, empowering both Rani and Lajo with their sexuality and second, making them reciprocal in the sexual politics they share with the men in the stories. Drawing on the theoretical perspective from Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex, this paper examines Chughtai’s process of redefining the Other in the sexual politics between the men and the women in her stories. The study demonstrates that the author has redefined the Other to be the men in the stories when it comes to the question of a reciprocal sexual politics and thus she has contributed to the gynocentric Urdu narratives by manifesting an intellectual rebellion against the phallocentric notions of her time.
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Hoek, J. „De uniciteit van het huwelijk. Over christelijke volharding in een landschap van veranderende partnerrelaties“. Theologia Reformata 62, Nr. 4 (01.12.2019): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5dc3e899c198c.
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This article reaffirms the classic definition of marriage as the biblically founded prototypical relation between a man and a woman. It briefly reviews the radical shifts in in the understanding and practices of sexual relationships within western culture and - to an increasing extent- also in the circles of orthodox (reformed) Protestantism. A response to the growing tension between affirmed principles and lived practices, requires combining clarity with cordiality and orthodoxy with hospitality.
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MacInnis, Cara C., und Elena Buliga. „“Don’t Get Above Yourself ”: Heterosexual Cross-Class Couples Are Viewed Less Favorably“. Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, Nr. 1 (14.10.2019): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319878459.
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We examined perceptions of cross-class heterosexual couples, that is, couples where couple members differ in social class. Informed by social dominance theory, system justification theory, and equity theory, we predicted that (a) cross- (vs. same-) class couples would be perceived more negatively, (b) cross-class couples with the woman (vs. the man) in the higher class position would be evaluated more negatively, and (c) same-class low-low (vs. high-high) couples would be evaluated more negatively. We examined perceptions of cross-income, cross-education, and cross-occupation status relationships. We found support for our predicted patterns, with some exceptions. In general, high-high class couples were preferred. In three of four studies, a higher-class woman paired with a lower-class man was evaluated most negatively of all couples. Recognition of this prejudice may explain challenges faced by certain couples and couple members; as such, implications for clinicians and counselors are discussed. Further, our research generates directions for future research. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319878459
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Wudarski, Arkadiusz. „The concept of de facto relationships in Poland“. Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Stiinte Sociale, Nr. 3 (Juni 2023): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_08.
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This article is the first in a series of articles dedicated to de facto relationships, i.e. cohabitation, in Poland. Traditionally, cohabitation has been defined in Poland in opposition to marriage, and means a long-term relationship between a man and a woman who are living together outside a formal marriage. Cohabitation is widespread in Poland and is accepted by the great majority of citizens. At the same time, currently, there are no legislative proposals aimed at regulating in a comprehensive manner cohabitation, and it seems unlikely that this will change in the near future. Attempts to create a legal framework for cohabiting persons have, to a modest extent, and limited to selected aspects of civil law, been undertaken in the past. Looking to the future, then, we can expect to see a continuation of the past pattern of uncoordinated, scattered legislation. The concept of cohabitation will likely be introduced into various legal acts, and thus, indirectly, cohabitations will be partially integrated into the Polish legal system.
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Rajendran, Lavanya, Namita Khandelwal, Jocelyne Feine und Effie Ioannidou. „Woman authorship in pre-print versus peer-reviewed oral health-related publications: A two-year observational study“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 12 (06.12.2021): e0260791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260791.
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Objectives Women in oral health science face similar societal issues and challenges as those in other STEMM careers, and gender disparities continue to exist as evidenced by fewer women represented as first and last authors in scientific publications. Pre-prints may serve as a conduit to immediately disseminating one’s work, bypassing the arduous peer review process and its associated inherent biases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1] compare the gender of first and last authors in pre-print versus peer reviewed publications, 2] examine the composition of first and last author pairs as stratified by publication type, and 3] examine the correlation between woman authorship and institutional geographic location and publication metrics stratified by publication type. Methods The keyword “oral health” was used to search for publications in BioRxiv and Pubmed in the years 2018 and 2019. Gender of first and last authors were determined, and its frequency was considered as the primary outcome. Additionally, the geographic location of the author’s associated institution and publication metrics measured by Altmetrics score were extracted. Data was descriptively summarized by frequencies and percentages. Chi-square analysis was conducted for categorical variables which included the relationship between gender and publication type as well as gender and region of author’s associated institution. Binomial regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between gender and Altmetrics. Results Woman first authors comprised 40.3% of pre-prints and 64.5% of peer reviewed publications [p<0.05]. Woman last authors comprised 31.3% of pre-prints and 61.5% of peer reviewed publications [p<0.05]. When analyzing the relationships between first and last author, the Man-Man pairing represented 47.7% of the pre-print publications and the Woman-Woman pairing comprised a majority of the of the peer review publications at 47.5%. All results were statistically significant with a p-value <0.05. No significant correlation was found between region of institution or Altmetrics and gender of first or last authors [p>0.05]. Conclusion For the first time in oral health science, it was found that women show higher representation as first and last author positions in peer reviewed publications versus pre-prints.
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صالح عباد, منجد رمضان. „The Female Narration in Shahd Al-Rawi’s “Baghdad Clock”“. JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, Nr. 4, 2 (15.10.2022): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.4.2.18.
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The novel responds to the female presence more than other literary genres, as its narrative elements contribute to receiving the female discourse and supplying it by expressing their thoughts, emotions, and gentle voices, and exploring their subconscious spaces by expressing their value. Women’s issues, and for this reason feminist writings rose to establish glory for women in parallel with what the man wrote, in addition to the importance of the central female presence in building the narrative space and her presence on the narration scene because the female narrator differs from the male narrator who dominated the scene by presenting the relationships of women through masks, and here this cry achieves a revolution Against the adoption of masculinity all the joints of life. The appearance of a woman and her call to live her world and express herself without feeling the dominance of the family (father/brother) was shaped when she observed perspectives that feed into her literary production through her relationship with her body or with the man, because writing about herself makes her more honest than the man, as this appeared through Feminist creativity in literary practice, so it seemed active and productive, and had a speciality with its awareness, language, independence of speech and thinking. The spontaneous dreaming child with a scene conveying the development of the life stages of women and the places mentioned in them and the relationships with family and friends, passing through the primary school stage and then university, which witnessed the great shift in her life, her ideas and her relations with others, as well as the transformation of the narrative language from its spontaneity to its maturity in proportion to age, and the novel showed Techniques in presentation and qualitative transitions transcended the linear narration in classic novels, mixing with imagination and activating the senses effectively and in a language that sought to sharpen The feminine atmosphere by conducting the tale obtained on the current real woman issue, because Shahd Al-Rawi is the character of the novel.
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Hurst, Jane, Sarah Leberman und Margot Edwards. „The relational expectations of women managing women“. Gender in Management: An International Journal 32, Nr. 1 (06.03.2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-02-2016-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the expectations women have of their women managers and/or women employees and to suggest personal and organizational strategies to strengthen those relationships. Design/methodology/approach Building on a first phase of research using narrative inquiry into the lived experiences of women managing and/or being managed by women, workshops were held with 13 participants to explore their relationship expectations of women managers and/or employees. Findings While the participants initially believed they expected the same things of a manager or employee irrespective of gender, a closer examination revealed gender-based expectations. Women expect a higher degree of emotional understanding and support from a woman manager, than they would from a man. They also expect a woman manager to see them as an equal, take a holistic view of them as people, understand the complexities of their lives and provide flexibility to accommodate those complexities. Research limitations/implications This is an exploratory study in an under-researched area. Extensive further research is warranted. Practical implications Understanding the expectations women have of their women managers enables the development of both personal and organizational strategies aimed at strengthening those relationships. Originality/value These findings begin a dialogue on the often-unspoken and unrecognized gender-based expectations women have of their relationships with women managers and/or women employees. Although considerable research exists on gender stereotypes in the workplace, little research exists on these gender-based relational expectations.
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Channa, Abdul Razaque, und Tayyaba Batool Tahir. „Be a Man, do not Cry like a Woman: Analyzing Gender Dynamics in Pakistan“. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, Nr. 2 (31.12.2020): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.28.
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Contrary to the view that gender is fluid, as concurred by several social scientists, in traditional Pakistani understanding, gender is seen in fixed binaries, i.e., either you are a man or a woman. The third category is known as the third gender in Pakistan. It is interesting to note that although gender is seen as fixed in Pakistani cultures, in informal discussions, varied shades of gender are highlighted by informants based on gender performativity. By drawing on the postmodern feminist theory of gender performativity, this paper does a discourse analysis of informant’s views about gender construction and dynamics in rural Sindh. Ethnographic fieldnotes have been used as primary data to analyze gender nuances implicit in Pakistani men's informal discourse. This paper argues that contrary to unchanging gender identities as endorsed by Pakistan society's patriarchal structure, men dismiss these fixed identities during an informal discussion. Instead, they shuffle gender identities by branding men and women as feminine men and masculine women, respectively, based on their gender performativity. We conclude that irrespective of physical outlook, the power lies in hegemonic forms of agency. Gender relationships and gender performance shape the sexual and gender identity of subjects.
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Bacchus, Loraine, Susan Bewley und Gill Mezey. „Domestic violence in pregnancy“. Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 12, Nr. 4 (01.10.2001): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0965539501000420.
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Definitions of domestic violence vary according to the frequency, severity and nature of the violence as well as the context in which it occurred and the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. Though there is a lack of uniformity, a generally accepted definition of domestic violence is the physical, sexual or emotional abuse of an adult woman by a man with whom she has or has had an intimate relationship, regardless of whether the couple are living together. Although violence can be carried out by other family members or occur in same-sex relationships, it is argued that men use violence in order to maintain dominance and control over their female partners. Physical violence is just one of the many tactics that an abuser may use to exert control over his partner. Other behaviours include isolation, intimidation, threats of violence, threats to take the children away or hurt them and emotional or economic abuse. Whilst some studies have identified demographic patterns associated with domestic violence, it can affect any woman regardless of age, race, ethnicity, social class, employment status, religion, marital status or disability.
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Dobson, John, und Judith White. „Toward the Feminine Firm: An Extension to Thomas White“. Business Ethics Quarterly 5, Nr. 3 (Juli 1995): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857394.
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Abstract:This paper concerns the influence of gender on a firm’s moral and economic performance. It supports Thomas White’s intimation of a male gender bias in the value system underlying extant business theory. We suggest that this gender bias may be corrected by drawing on the concept of substantive rationality inherent in virtue-ethics theory. This feminine-oriented relationship-based value system complements the essential nature of the firm as a nexus of relationships between stakeholders. Not only is this feminine firm morally desirable, but it is also economically more efficient in that trust becomes a more feasible implicit contractual enforcement mechanism. In an organizational context, therefore, from both a moral and an economic perspective, long established economic man is dominated by nascent economic woman.
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NASCIMENTO, WASHINGTON SANTOS. „O casamento do preto Marajá com a branca Arlete: relações amorosas e racismo em ”Os discursos do Mestre Tamoda” de Uanhenga Xitu“. Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 16, Nr. 27 (11.03.2019): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v16i27.649.
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A partir do diálogo entre história e literatura debatemos sobre relações amorosas inter-raciais, racismo e a discriminação em Luanda, capital de Angola, através da análise do relato sobre o ”casamento” do homem ”preto” e do ”mato” angolano, Marajá, e da mulher portuguesa e branca, Arlete, presente no romance ”Os discursos do mestre Tamoda” do escritor angolano Uanhenga Xitu.Palavras-chave: Luanda. Casamentos inter-raciais.Uanhenga Xitu.THE MARRIAGE BETWEEN BLACK MAN MARAJá AND WHITE WOMAN ARLETE: relationships and racism in "The Speeches of Master Tamoda" by Uanhenga XituAbstract: From the dialogue between history and literature, we discussed interracial love relationships, racism and discrimination in Luanda, the capital of Angola, through the analysis of the report on the "marriage" of the black man and from the Angolan "jungle", Marajá, and the Portuguese and white woman Arlete, present in the novel "The speeches of master Tamoda", written by Angolan writer Uanhenga Xitu.Keywords: Luanda. Interracial marriages. Uanhenga Xitu. LA BODA DEL NEGRO MARAJá CON LA BLANCA ARLETE: relaciones amorosas y racismo en "Los discursos del Maestro Tamoda" de Uanhenga XituResumen: A partir del diálogo entre historia y literatura discutimos sobre relaciones amorosas interraciales, racismo y discriminación en Luanda, capital de Angola, a través del análisis del relato sobre la "boda" del hombre "negro" y del "mato" angoleño, Marajá, y de la mujer portuguesa y blanca, Arlete, presente en la novela "Los discursos del maestro Tamoda" del escritor angoleño Uanhenga Xitu.Palabras clave: Luanda. Boda inter-racial. Uanhenga Xitu.
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Akulova, Yevgenia Vladimirovna. „«Love at First Sight» (1991 vs. 2011): the Images of the Woman, the Man and the Preferred Relationships“. Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philology. Journalism 13, Nr. 3 (2013): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2013-13-3-111-115.
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De Villiers, G. „Die huwelik as ‘instelling van God’ (met implikasies vir gay huwelike)“. Verbum et Ecclesia 28, Nr. 1 (17.11.2007): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v28i1.98.
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This article focuses on marriage. It appears that marriage is in the first place a social cultural institution with legal implications, and not religious by nature. Concepts and practices regarding marriage change along with social and cultural movements. Regarding the twenty first century, a marked shift from patriarchy towards equality has been observed. Marriage practices have changed: the man is no longer sole breadwinner and head of the household, the woman no longer only the pleasing wife and mother to his children. Simultaneously gay relationships are becoming part of social reality. Gay couples express a wish for their relationships to be acknowledged by religious institutions. What does the Bible say? Marriage as ‘ordained’ by God has no biblical foundation, especially not according to the traditionally quoted Genesis 2:18. In the twenty first century the concepts ‘marriage, relationship, sin, sexuality and sex’ need to be revised in order to comply with the biblical demand of love.
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Uprety, Mina Devi. „Cohabitation: Conceptual Significance and Practical Inconsistency“. Pragya Darshan प्रज्ञा दर्शन 5, Nr. 1 (15.02.2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pdmdj.v5i1.52258.
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Non-marital cohabitation is a rapidly rising universal phenomenon in this modern era. The post-modern or capitalist society, the concepts of relationships between man and woman particularly the way of thinking towards cohabitation or living relationship has seen a drastic change. The issue of cohabitation from a sociological perspective to comprehend the nature of such a shifting structure of marriage. In this context, to know the rise in rates of cohabitation and its different meanings and implications in related to the way of life in terms of personal and social relationships and consequences. It is more rational to rethink in these types of meanings and implications particularly in marriage systems. There is different social meaning and cultural significance between traditional marriage system and newly emerged cohabitation practice. This paper tries to analyze the conceptual debate and practical contradiction of cohabitation and conventional marriage system. Likewise, this study provides an analysis of causes and consequences of cohabitation in existing societies.
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Chan, Wing Cheong. „FALSE PROMISE T ALSE PROMISE TO MARRY AND O Y AND OTHER FORMS OF SEX B THER FORMS OF SEX BY DECEPTION IN INDIA AND SINGAPORE“. National Law School of India Review 34, Nr. 1 (2022): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.55496/hvzz1685.
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Dishonesty is unfortunately a sad fact of life in human relationships. When a woman is duped by a man into having sex by lies and deception, what should the response of the criminal law be? Is it rape or just a game of seduction or something in between? This article sets out and evaluates the different approaches taken by India and Singapore in cases of sex by deception. It suggests that the approach adopted in Singapore could be a model for criminal law reform in this contentious area.
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Reynolds, Jill. „Patterns in the Telling: Single Women's Intimate Relationships with Men“. Sociological Research Online 11, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1381.
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This article explores some ways in which women not living with an intimate partner talk about their relationships with men. Data are considered in relation to social theorising on the changing nature of intimate relationships. The analysis makes use of traditions in narrative analysis and critical discursive psychology to identify some patterns in the telling, including common cultural resources that are drawn on by speakers. Patterned ways of portraying relationships identified in the data discussed here include a self-blame approach in describing extreme behaviour from the man concerned, and a repudiation of any intention of commitment through talk of the positive features of relationships with unavailable men. A further way of talking introduces a ‘new realism’ in which relationships are depicted as right for a time but dispensable when their time is up. The analysis suggests that concepts of individualisation and impermanence in relationships provide new cultural resources that women can draw on in providing a self-narrative. The data demonstrate the detailed rhetorical work involved in producing a positive account of the self as a single woman.
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Zakirova, Gulnara F. „Gender interrelations: history and perspectives“. Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, Nr. 3 (März 2022): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.03-22.092.
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The article deals with the changed position of men and women as related to each other in the light of the changes occurring in society. It is stated that the formal alignment that occurred as a result of the growth of economic well-being (that gave woman material independence from man) and the tolerance of Western society (which provides woman with legal protection) created unprecedented opportunities for building free and happy relationships. Today, we witness, in many manifestations of life, the onset of “feminine socialism” (G. Marcuse) limiting the rights of men but carried out in their interests as well. However, the “temptations” of modern civilization associated with consumerism and liberalization of relationships, without due effort and a sense of proportion threaten to waste the current favorable socio-economic situation. Mutual active participation in building relationships, overcoming the “relaxing” standards of life imposed by the consumer society, and opposition to the erasure of the boundaries of male and female are the threats to which the authors pay the most attention. Social implosion, the dictate of mass culture, profanation of intimacy and transgressive sexual experiments are their vivid manifestation. In this regard, the aim of the work is to identify the most common factors that contribute to and hinder the construction of effective intimate relationships in modern Western society.
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Rodziewicz, Magdalena. „The Legal Debate on the Phenomenon of ‘White Marriages’ in Contemporary Iran“. Anthropology of the Middle East 15, Nr. 1 (01.06.2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150105.
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The rising popularity of ‘white marriages’, relationships between a man and a woman who live together but are not married, has caused a commotion in the Iranian public sphere in the last few years. The debate includes state institutions and religious circles, who feel anxious about the change in gender relations among Iranians, but also academics who elaborate on the causes and consequences of the phenomenon. An important aspect of this controversy concerns legal issues, since according to Shiite law any intimate relationship of an unmarried couple is considered illegal. This article analyses this key aspect of the ongoing dispute and attempts to elaborate on the question of how the gap between people’s expectations and desires and the legal capacity of Islamic rulings is addressed in contemporary Iran.
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Scheff, Thomas J. „Gender Wars: Emotions in Much Ado About Nothing“. Sociological Perspectives 36, Nr. 2 (Juni 1993): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389427.
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In order to explore the relation between love and war, I apply a theory showing the affinity between romance, shame, and anger in a classic text. Shakespeare's plays present an exceedingly grim portrait of the relationship between men and women. Even his lighthearted treatment of this theme in Much Ado about Nothing suggests that love between a man and a woman involves unending tension and conflict, much like the continuous distrust, deception, and outright warfare between nations. A close reading of the text of Much Ado shows shame/anger sequences both in conventional courtship (Hero and Claudio) and in the unconventional relation of Beatrice and Benedick. Both relationships involve infatuation. My analysis suggests that acknowledging shame and anger between men and women may be an important first step toward resolving their conflict.
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Oda, Ryo, und Kai Hiraishi. „Willingness to provide is more important than ability to provide: women’s choice of a long-term male partner“. Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 6, Nr. 2 (07.10.2015): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2015.37.
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According to evolutionary theory, women select men who have the ability and willingness to provide for their offspring. However, a man with an excellent resource-holding potential might distribute his resources to another woman or pursue short-term sexual opportunities with a variety of women. Indeed, the ability of a woman to identify a man’s ability to provide is useless if his resources are distributed to another woman or to his own mating efforts. Therefore, the ability to ascertain the willingness of men to provide for long-term partners is important to women. Although such willingness is not directly related to genetic quality, the ability to provide might be based on genetic factors and function as an indicator of “good genes.” We asked women during either their high- or low-fertility period to rate the desirability of six fictitious men described in a vignette that addressed their ability and willingness to gather and share resources. Ability and willingness to provide were less important when women considered short-term relationships, but these two factors affected mate preference for long-term relationships. Women did not value the absolute value of their mates’ long-term ability to provide, and they placed more importance on their willingness to share than on their ability to accumulate resources. Women’s menstrual cycle did not affect this pattern of preference.
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Linik, E. „Personal non-property rights of persons living in the same family without marriage and spouse: a comparative legal aspect“. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, Nr. 72 (16.11.2022): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.24.
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The article is devoted to a scientific study of the comparison of personal non-property rights of people living in the same family without marriage registration and a husband and wife who are in a legal marriage, as well as problematic issues of their implementation. The existence of such a social phenomenon as the cohabitation of a woman and a man without marriage before the institution of marriage was established, which is determined by many objective and subjective factors. communication within the family. It has been established that, being such that do not contradict the moral principles of society, unregistered marriage relations, which are accompanied by joint management of the economy and joint life, as well as the registration of marriage, are the basis for creating a family, and therefore, the basis for the occurrence between cohabitants mutual rights and obligations. On the basis of the conducted research, the legal doctrine revealed the inconsistency of the question of the existence of personal non-property rights in the participants of unregistered marriage relationships. It has been established that some scientists consider a woman and a man living in the same family without marriage to be generally equal in rights to spouses in a registered marriage; the second - that such rights are only partial; others generally deny the existence of corresponding rights and responsibilities for a woman and a man living in the same family without marriage. It was revealed that the main reason for such disagreements of scientists' positions on the problem under study is the absence of a direct instruction in the SC of Ukraine to equate participants in unregistered marriages to spouses in a registered marriage in the aspect of extending to the first personal non-property rights of spouses. Instead, the SC of Ukraine only limits their legal status to the presence of separate property rights and the consolidation of some personal non-property rights, in particular regarding the possibility of establishing the origin of the child from the father - a participant in an unregistered marital relationship with the child's mother, and regarding the possibility of joint adoption of the child in the same way as such adoption is carried out spouses in a registered marriage.
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DePompo, Paul, und Misa Butsuhara. „The “other” side of infidelity: The experience of the “other” partner, anxious love, and implications for practitioners“. Psychological Thought 9, Nr. 1 (29.04.2016): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v9i1.167.
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Research on affairs has failed to acknowledge the “other woman” or “other man,” focusing only on the married spouses. The goal of this study was to explore the unique experience of the “other” partner to determine aspects critical to the navigation and healing process of these relationships. In this qualitative study, 49 participants, between the ages of 23 and 60 (N = 49; 31f, 18m), who were engaged in meaningful relationships with married partners completed a set of questionnaires and engaged in a semi-structured interview. Measures, which included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and The Experience in Close Relationships Questionnaire Revised (ECR-R), indicated clinical levels of anxiety and maladaptive attachment styles among all participants. Seven themes emerged into a model that incorporates the role of anxiety, along with the origin and maintenance of these relationships. A protocol that combines areas of trauma, GAD, and social anxiety will likely be beneficial.