Thematische Bibliographien / Mal du simulateur

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mal du simulateur“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Mal du simulateur"

Bhatti, J. S., N. W. Foster, T. Oja, M. H. Moayeri und P. A. Arp. „Modeling potentially sustainable biomass productivity in jack pine forest stands“. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, Nr. 1 (01.02.1998): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-041.

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A steady-state mass balance model (ForSust), developed to simulate potentially sustainable levels of tree biomass growth and related nutrient uptake dynamics, was applied to 17 jack pine sites across Canada. The model simulates potential tree biomass growth based on nutrient inputs from estimated atmospheric deposition (N, Ca, Mg, K) and soil weathering (Ca, Mg, K), and matches the resulting nutrient supply rates with calculated nutrient demand. Nutrient demand calculations are based on nutrient concentrations in wood, bark, branches, and foliage. Specifically, the model simulates sustainable annual increment (SAI) of biomass growth for stem-only and whole-tree (aboveground biomass) harvesting, and for recurring forest fire conditions. Calculated SAI levels were compared with field-estimated mean annual increments for aboveground forest biomass (MAI). For recurring forest fires, it was found that SAI values, as simulated, corresponded with the MAI field estimates in general. For whole-tree harvesting, SAI was lower than MAI for most but not all sites. For stem-only harvesting, SAI corresponded with MAI, but there was a greater scatter between SAI and MAI values than what appeared to be the case for the recurring forest fire scenario. Key words: Jack pine; whole-tree, stem-only harvesting; steady-state mass balance; forest biomass; N, Ca, Mg, K growth limitations; atmospheric deposition

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Li, Li, Xiaoke Jin, Chenhe Lu, Zongbo Wei und Jin Li. „Modelling and Simulation on Acoustic Channel of Underwater Sensor Networks“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (29.11.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8263600.

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The reliability of the modelling system mainly depends on the simulation of underwater acoustic channel characteristics. The reliability of simulator is improved because of the use of Bellhop in NS-Miracle. World Ocean Simulation System (WOSS) can retrieve the data of marine environment by accessing the database of seabed depth, sound speed profile and seabed sediment, and transmit them to Bellhop simulator automatically, so that the model is closer to the actual underwater acoustic transmission channel than not using WOSS. In order to verify the reliability of NS2/NS-Miracle simulation system with WOSS, a centralized underwater sensor network with five nodes is simulated on the integrated simulation system. The characteristic empirical model, Bellhop Ray-Tracing model, and WOSS combined with Bellhop model are, respectively, adopted to simulate underwater acoustic channel. The results of three types of simulation, such as average throughput, average delay, and packet error rate, and simulation time are very close under the same condition. It proves that the accuracy of integrated simulation system is as excellent as that of NS-Miracle. However, WOSS can automatically acquire the actual sea environment parameters and provide them to the simulator, which can improve the authenticity of the simulation system. Furthermore, three MAC protocols, Aloha-CS, CSMA/CA, and DACAP, are simulated on the integrated simulation system under the same condition including ocean environment, network topology, and parameters. The results show that the performance of CSMA/CA is greater than the other protocols in such networks. It also proves that the integrated simulation system can accurately simulate the relevant characteristics of the MAC protocol.

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Guo, Qiao Na, und Zhi Fang Zhou. „Hydrodynamics in the Luanhe River Alluvial Fan of the Piedmont Plain Zone, China“. Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (Dezember 2014): 2948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2948.

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This paper investigated the interaction of groundwater and river in an alluvial fan of the piedmont plain zone, China. Field observations of groundwater level were performed. The three-dimensional finite element model using the simulator Feflow was used to simulate the observed groundwater level. The model was auto-calibrated against observations of groundwater head from wells distributed across the region. Good correspondence between simulated and measured water level was found for the monitored wells. The relatively small magnitudes of RMSE and MAE indicate that the predictions of the numerical model are reasonable. The water balance difference is -49.9×104m3/d, which indicates that the water balance is negative balance.

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Zhong, Minxuan, Jinxia Xu, Yiyang Jiang und You Wu. „Corrosion Protection of Steel by NO3− and NO2− Intercalated Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides in Simulated Pore Solutions of Alkali-Activated Slag“. Metals 14, Nr. 1 (17.01.2024): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14010111.

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This paper aims to perform a comparative investigation on the corrosion protection of steel in the simulated pore solutions of alkali-activated slag (SH) by NO3− and NO2− intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (MAL) which were fabricated by the calcination rehydration method. The corrosion potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and corrosion condition of steel were measured. Furthermore, changes in the microstructures of NO3− intercalated MAL (MAL-N3) and NO2− intercalated MAL (MAL-N2) before and after the adsorption of chloride ion were observed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that compared to the simulated concrete pore solution (OPCH), MAL-N3 and MAL-N2 exhibit lower chloride adsorption capacities and better corrosion inhibition effects in SH. The chloride adsorption capacity of MAL-N2 is lower compared with that of MAL-N3 due to the different volumes of intercalated anions. In contrast, MAL-N2 presents superior corrosion inhibition than MAL-N3. Furthermore, the decreases in [OH−] in SH due to the additions of MAL-N3 and MAL-N2 are more prominent than those in OPCH. The different synergistic effects due to the competitive anion-exchanges in the interlayers of NO3− and NO2− intercalated MAL in the two solutions contribute to the above effects.

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Ichise, Masanori, Hiroshi Toyama, Robert B. Innis und Richard E. Carson. „Strategies to Improve Neuroreceptor Parameter Estimation by Linear Regression Analysis“. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 22, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2002): 1271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000038000.34930.4e.

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In an attempt to improve neuroreceptor distribution volume ( V) estimates, the authors evaluated three alternative linear methods to Logan graphical analysis (GA): GA using total least squares (TLS), and two multilinear analyses, MA1 and MA2, based on mathematical rearrangement of GA equation and two-tissue compartments, respectively, using simulated and actual PET data of two receptor tracers, [18F]FCWAY and [11C]MDL 100,907. For simulations, all three methods decreased the noise-induced GA bias (up to 30%) at the expense of increased variability. The bias reduction was most pronounced for MA1, moderate to large for MA2, and modest to moderate for TLS. In addition, GA, TLS, and MA1, methods that used only a portion of the data ( T > t*, chosen by an automatic process), showed a small V underestimation for [11C]MDL 100,907 with its slow kinetics, due to selection of t* before the true point of linearity. These noniterative methods are computationally simple, allowing efficient pixelwise parameter estimation. For tracers with kinetics that permit t* to be accurately identified within the study duration, MA1 appears to be the best. For tracers with slow kinetics and low to moderate noise, however, MA2 may provide the lowest bias while maintaining computational ease for pixelwise parameter estimation.

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Trinugroho, Muchamad Wahyu. „Evaluasi Pengaruh Jumlah dan Posisi Stasiun Curah Hujan pada Simulasi Aliran Limpasan Di Sungai Ping, Thailand“. JURNAL SUMBER DAYA AIR 14, Nr. 1 (10.07.2018): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v14i1.192.

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The number and distribution of rainfall stations areneeded to simulate rainfall-run off transformation on hydrologic model. However, the availability of stations varies in watershed. The study aims to assess theinfluence of numberand distribution rainfall stations by a modelling approachto simulate run-off process. The use of HEC-HMS model is tocalibrate model parameters and simulaterun-offon 4 scenarios in Mae Caem Watershed (3,826 km2), Northern Thailand. The result shows the calibrated model parameters of 13 stationsare very satisfied by 0.826 of Nash coefficient. Based on the simulation result, the condition of 6 stations demonstrate the best fit regarding observation data by R2 = 0.927; the lowest correlation is three rainfall stations by 0.795 of R2. Also, simulated runoff rainfall for six stations (condition2) show results close to the observation discharge. Condition 1 (all stations) is somewhat higher than condition tworegarding pattern and peak discharge. Another result shows simulation of peak discharge condition 3 (station number 2, 5, and 13) has overestimate of observation discharge and condition 5 shows underestimate result to observation discharge. Overall the simulation results have met Nash's criteria, while the best results are in simulation with 6 stations (condition 2). Thus the number and position of rainfall stations have an influence on the modeling of rainfall runoff in the Ping River, Mae Caem Watershed.

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Chambers, Spencer B., Clare E. Padmore, Stacy Fan, Ruby Grewal, James Johnson und Nina Suh. „The Impact of Scaphoid Malunion on Carpal Motion: An In-Vitro Analysis“. Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 26, Nr. 03 (10.08.2021): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835521500387.

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Background: The clinical significance of scaphoid malunion is debated and its effect on wrist kinematics is poorly understood. Alterations to scaphoid morphology in other pathologies result in significant sequelae and arthrosis. By understanding the impact of scaphoid malunion on carpal kinematics, better insight can be garnered to inform models of wrist motion and clinical treatment of this injury. Methods: Seven cadaveric upper extremities underwent active wrist flexion and extension in a custom motion wrist simulator with scaphoid kinematics being captured with respect to the distal radius. A three-stage protocol of progressive simulated malunion severity was performed [intact, 10° malunion (Mal 10°), 20° malunion (Mal 20°)] with data analyzed from 45° wrist extension to 45° wrist flexion. Scaphoid malunions were modelled by creating successive volar wedge osteotomies and reducing the resultant scaphoid fragments with two 0.062” Kirshner wires. Motion of the scaphoid, lunate, trapezium-trapezoid was recorded using optical trackers. Results: Increasing scaphoid malunion severity did not significantly affect scaphoid or trapezium-trapezoid motion (p > 0.05); however, it did significantly alter lunate motion (p < 0.001). Increasing malunion severity resulted in progressive lunate extension across wrist motion (Intact – Mal 10°: mean difference (mean dif.) = 7.1° ± 1.6, p < 0.05; Intact – Mal 20°: mean dif. = 10.2° ± 2.0, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this in-vitro model, increasing scaphoid malunion severity was associated with progressive extension of the lunate in all wrist positions. The clinical significance of this motion change is yet to be elucidated, but this model serves as a basis for understanding the kinematic consequences of scaphoid malunion deformities.

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Chen, Yaohua, und Waixi Liu. „MAC Layer Energy Consumption and Routing Protocol Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks“. Complexity 2021 (09.02.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6687189.

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Mobile ad hoc network is a network composed of mobile terminals without infrastructure. Due to its fast-networking ability, it is widely used in smart cities, car networking, military, agriculture, medicine, and other fields. Routing technology is a key technology in the field of MANET (mobile ad hoc network). The energy consumption is optimized through the technical network simulator NS-3, and the nodes in the MANET routing protocol can accurately simulate the problem, thereby optimizing the MAC layer of important research tools. This article combines the advantages of the lithium-ion (lithium) battery model. Compared with the KiBaM battery model, the effective charge in the KiBaM model simulates the output voltage well, which can reflect the battery capacity effect rate and the recovery effect of the lithium-ion-KiBaM battery model. The model can respond to the characteristics of the output voltage as the society gets lower and lower. In order to solve the problem that the analytic solution of differential equations cannot be obtained in the model, a numerical solution of the optimization algorithm is proposed based on the implicit Runge–Kutta method. The MAC layer energy consumption and routing protocol optimization algorithm proposed in this paper can be applied well in various fields.

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Biller, Beth A., Dániel Apai, Mickaël Bonnefoy, Silvano Desidera, Raffaele Gratton, Markus Kasper, Matthew Kenworthy et al. „A high-contrast search for variability in HR 8799bc with VLT-SPHERE“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, Nr. 1 (29.01.2021): 743–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab202.

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ABSTRACT The planets HR8799bc display nearly identical colours and spectra as variable young exoplanet analogs such as VHS 1256-1257ABb and PSO J318.5-22, and are likely to be similarly variable. Here we present results from a 5-epoch SPHERE IRDIS broadband-H search for variability in these two planets. HR 8799b aperture photometry and HR 8799bc negative simulated planet photometry share similar trends within uncertainties. Satellite spot lightcurves share the same trends as the planet lightcurves in the August 2018 epochs, but diverge in the October 2017 epochs. We consider Δ(mag)b − Δ(mag)c to trace non-shared variations between the two planets, and rule out non-shared variability in Δ(mag)b − Δ(mag)c to the 10–20 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ level over 4–5 h. To quantify our sensitivity to variability, we simulate variable lightcurves by inserting and retrieving a suite of simulated planets at similar radii from the star as HR 8799bc, but offset in position angle. For HR 8799b, for periods <10 h, we are sensitive to variability with amplitude $\gt 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. For HR 8799c, our sensitivity is limited to variability $\gt 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for similar periods.

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Chang, Chia-Hao, Hsiang-Ning Wu, Ching-Han Hsu und Hsin-Hon Lin. „Virtual monochromatic imaging with projection-based material decomposition algorithm for metal artifacts reduction in photon-counting detector computed tomography“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 3 (13.03.2023): e0282900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282900.

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Metal artifacts present a major challenge to computed tomography (CT) because they reduce the image quality in medical diagnosis and treatment. Several metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods have been proposed to address this issue in previous studies. This study aimed to synthesize a virtual monochromatic image for MAR in CT images using projection-based material decomposition (MD) algorithms. We developed a spectral micro-CT prototype system equipped with a photon-counting detector (PCD) and PCD-CT imaging simulator to assess the performances of different MAR methods. Two projection-based MD algorithms were implemented and evaluated for their MAR performances in CT images and compared with conventional sinogram inpainting MAR methods. Different parts of digital 4D-extended cardiac torso (XCAT) phantoms with metal implants were designed to simulate various real scenarios. A homemade metal artifact evaluation (MAE) phantom was used to evaluate the MAR performance in experiments. The simulated results of the XCAT phantom indicated that the projection-based virtual monochromatic CT (VMCT) images provided better image quality than the conventional MAR images without blurring the normal tissues at the position of the metal artifacts. Various quantitative indicators support this conclusion. Additionally, the experimental results of the MAE phantom reveal that projection-based VMCT images can avoid image distortion caused by metal artifacts, unlike conventional MAR methods. In regards to the projection-based VMCT images, the simulated and experimental results demonstrated that using the linear maximum likelihood estimators with an error correction look-up table algorithm yielded better MAR performance compared to that obtained using a polynomial algorithm. Furthermore, projection-based VMCT images can not only reduce metal artifacts effectively but also simultaneously prevents object blurring at the metal artifact position and image distortion of the metal implants. Hence, the CT image quality can be further improved to increase the abilities for both preoperative and postoperative assessment of metal implants.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Mal du simulateur"

Michel, Pauline. „Simulateurs de conduite et adéquation architecture / modèles : impact sur le « mal du simulateur »“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST173.

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E « mal du simulateur », qui s’apparente jusqu’à un certain point au mal des transports, est particulièrement problématique. La compréhension des causes du mal du simulateur et l'identification de procédés pour réduire l’occurrence de ce dernier sont des enjeux importants dans la mesure où elle introduit un biais double dans les résultats acquis : la population étudiée est filtrée « à la porte » et où le conducteur qui souffre de mal du simulateur risque d’avoir des comportements de conduite altérés.L'hypothèse que nous défendons dans le cadre de cette thèse concerne la relation entre « contrôlabilité » du système (le simulateur) et mal du simulateur. En simulation de conduite, le conducteur fait partie intégrante de la boucle : il initie les mouvements et reçoit les réponses du système. Notre hypothèse est que, dans ce cadre, un mauvais contrôle du déplacement du véhicule simulé induit des déplacements erratiques, perçus par le conducteur comme ne correspondant pas à ses attentes (du fait de son expérience de conduite antérieure) et donc non-acceptables.Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons repensé les modalités d’interfaçage conducteur/simulateur d’un simulateur de conduite moto préexistant : architecture matérielle et logicielle, structure capteurs/actionneurs de la colonne de direction, modèle de véhicule implémenté. Le simulateur, dans sa version actuelle, permet un meilleur degré de contrôlabilité par le conducteur pour des vitesses de déplacement moyennes à hautes
“Simulator sickness,” which is to some extent similar to motion sickness, is particularly problematic. Understanding the causes of simulator sickness and identifying ways to reduce its occurrence are important issues insofar as, on the one hand, the “at the door” filtering of the population studied on the simulator (people who are not susceptible) introduces bias in the results acquired and, on the other hand, a driver who suffers from simulator sickness is likely to behave differently in terms of their driving, which also introduces bias.The hypothesis we defend in this thesis concerns the relationship between the "controllability" of the system (the simulator) and simulator sickness.In driving simulation, the driver is an integral part of the loop: they initiate the movements and receive the system responses. Our hypothesis is that, in this context, a poor control of the simulated vehicle movement induces erratic movements, perceived by the driver as not corresponding to their expectations (because of their previous driving experience) and therefore unacceptable.To evaluate this hypothesis, we have redesigned the rider/simulator interfacing modalities of a pre- existing motorcycle simulator: hardware and software architecture, sensor/actuator structure of the steering column, and implemented vehicle model. In its current version, the simulator allows a higher degree of controllability by the driver for medium to high speeds

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Aykent, Baris. „Etude des lois de commande de la plateforme de simulation de conduite et influence sur le mal de simulateur“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0053/document.

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La simulation de conduite est fortement utilisée dans la recherche et le développement pour l'industrie automobile. Les simulateurs de conduite sont utilisés pour évaluer les prototypes véhicules pour la dynamique du véhicule et les systèmes d'aide à la conduite. Cependant, l'utilisation des simulateurs de conduite induit une problématique scientifique qui peut limiter son développement. En raison de son principe même, le simulateur de conduite ne restitue pas des mouvements du véhicule à l'échelle 1. Ce verrou cause des phénomènes de mal du simulateur qu'il est important d'étudier.Cette thèse propose d'étudier des méthodes et outils à mettre en œuvre dans les simulateurs de conduite statique ou dynamique. De cette mise en œuvre, des études sur le mal du simulateur sont menées grâce à des mesures objectives (via un capteur de suivi de mouvement, plate-forme de stabilité du corps, électromyographie) et subjectives (par l'intermédiaire de questionnaires). Des solutions algorithmiques et matérielles sont proposées et évaluées dans le contexte de la simulation de conduite.Les approches proposées dans cette thèse pour réduire le mal du simulateur sont:- Elaborer et évaluer les algorithmes de contrôle de la plate-forme mobile hexapode: sept algorithmes différents sont mis en œuvre.- Mesurer les effets liés au mal de simulateur sur les sujets aux niveaux vestibulaire, neuromusculaire et posturale.- Evaluer l'influence de l'implication des sujets sur le mal de simulateur (conducteurs et passagers)
Simulation has been intensively involved nowadays in research and development for automotive industry. Driving simulators are one of those simulation techniques which are used to evaluate the prototypes for the vehicle dynamics and driving assistance systems. However with the driving simulator, there is a lock associated with its use. Because representing a permanent scenario as scale 1 is quite difficult. Because of that difficulty, motion/simulator sickness is an inevitably important topic to study.This thesis proposes to explore methods and tools to implement in static or dynamic simulators. In this implementation, studies of simulator sickness are conducted with objective measures (via a motion tracking sensor, platform for body stability, electromyography) and subjective (through questionnaires). These algorithmic or hardware solutions studies should be defined and applied at simulators. The proposed approaches to reduce or avoid simulator sickness in this thesis are:- Building control algorithms of motion hexapod platform: seven different algorithms are implemented.- Measuring the effects of inertia on subjects at vestibular, neuromuscular and postural levels.- Assessing the involvement of subjects (drivers and passengers)

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AYKENT, Baris. „Etude des lois de commande de la plateforme de simulation de conduite et influence sur le mal de simulateur“. Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00967987.

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Yipeng, Wang. „Implementation of the WirelessHART MAC Layer in the OPNET Simulator“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19912.

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Industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) is an application area of WSN used in industrial process monitoring and control with strict time and reliability requirement. WirelessHART standard is the first international standard for IWSN approved by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This is worthwhile to implement this standard on simulator platform. Based on the study of WirelessHART standard, this thesis set up a primary implementation of the MAC layer of WirelessHART standard. To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive implementation of WirelessHART using OPNET simulator. The implementation has been evaluated rational. And some improvement of current implementation and standard have also been proposed and implemented. Flexible dedicated slot assignment has also been proposed to reduce the packet loss rate caused by influences of the physical channel.

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Planckaert, Jean-Pierre. „Modélisation du soudage MIG/MAG en mode short-arc“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325823.

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Il existe aujourd'hui de nombreux procédés de soudage répondant à la très grande variété d'assemblage à réaliser et aux caractéristiques des métaux utilisés. Le premier chapitre décrit les différentes sources d'énergie utilisées en soudage. Suite à cela, une explication plus détaillée du soudage à l'arc électrique est donnée. Enfin nous présentons la conception d'une plateforme d'essai de soudage.
Il est possible, bien sûr, d'utiliser une approche empirique pour optimiser un procédé. Néanmoins il y a des avantages à choisir une approche analytique puisqu'on peut en attendre des avancées significatives dans la compréhension des interactions dynamiques présentes dans l'arc. C'est pourquoi nous présentons dans le chapitre 2 les connaissances théoriques de la physique quant au comportement du métal liquide transféré en soudage MIG/MAG.
Ce travail comporte donc également un aspect expérimental nécessaire à l'élaboration des bases de données utilisées pour la construction des modèles. Les différents enregistrements ont été effectués au CTAS sur une plate forme équipée d'un système d'acquisition de données pour les mesures de tension, courant, vitesse fil et d'un système de vidéo rapide. Le chapitre 3 présente notre recherche d'une méthode de segmentation permettant d'obtenir le suivi de variables pertinentes. Nous y proposons un capteur logiciel basé sur la théorie des contours actifs et montrons de bons résultats obtenus sur des vidéos expérimentales.
Une étape d'ajustement de certains paramètres est indispensable. Elle est donnée dans le chapitre 4. Le simulateur créé permet d'interpréter certains phénomènes importants en soudage, de réaliser une étude de sensibilité « sans risque » et de donner les signatures théoriques de défauts.

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Goosen, Richard F. „Terrain elevation determination using a microprocessor controlled vector map“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1184003160.

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Björsson, Anders. „Simulation analysis of RLC/MAC for UMTS in Network Simulator version 2“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2105.

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The Internet has mainly been interconnecting stationary computers by wired links, but an increasing number of mobile clients require wireless communication. One way to connect these clients is to use the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, UMTS. UMTS is a third generation mobile system.

A network can be seen as nodes interconnected by links. The functionality of the nodes can be described as a layered hierarchy. A reference model for this hierarchy was developed by OSI. In this model the second lowest layer is called data link layer. The data link layer is responsible for making the raw transmission appear error free to upper layers.

The focus for this thesis is the data link layer in the UMTS. Compared to the data link layer in a wired scenario it contains more control and error correction mechanisms. These mechanisms use a lot of timers and triggers, which makes it very difficult to analyze them mathematically. Therefore simulation is the preferred method.

For the simulations the network simulator version 2 was used. This is an open source discrete event simulator. It has a modularized wireless stack already implemented. This can not be used to simulate UMTS though. Some modules in this stack were replaced by a new implementation to make simulations on UMTS possible.

Tests were performed on the new implementation and the results were what could be expected. The results were also consistent with previous research in the area.

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Nuñez, Ochoa Moises. „Protocole adaptatif pour un auto-déploiement de réseaux de capteurs dans un environnement contraignant“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM016.

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Aujourd’hui, les réseaux sans fils sont de plus en plus mobiles et sont déployés dans des environnements souvent très contraignants. Ces réseaux doivent être autonomes avec peu de maintenance et avoir une durée de vie optimisée. De plus, ces réseaux souffrent d’interférence entre les différentes technologies (cross) ou au sein de la même technologie (mutual). L’objectif de cette thèse est de garantir des communications sans fils pour l’internet des Objets (IoT) ultra-fiables, efficaces énergétiquement et robustes aux interférences en exploitant efficacement les caractéristiques des nouvelles radios au sein d’une pile protocolaire de communication.Durant cette thèse, nous proposons d’étudier de nouveaux protocoles de communication adaptatifs aux conditions du canal et d’interférence visant à la fois l’auto-déploiement de réseaux de capteurs dans des environnements contraignants et l’optimisation de la durée de vie du réseau dans des environnements contraignants.Nous nous concentrerons sur une approche statique dans le cadre de l’automatisation du déploiement de réseaux dans des environnements contraignants. Le protocole détectera, caractérisera et s’adaptera aux conditions du canal (pseudo statique) pour optimiser le bilan de liaison de chaque lien puis diagnostiquera le déploiement
Today's Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) are becoming more mobile and are often deployed in harsh environments. These networks must be autonomous with light maintenance and having an optimized lifetime. Moreover, these networks suffer from interferences between these different technologies (cross) or within the same technology (mutual).The aim of this thesis is to ensure wireless communications the Internet of Things (IoT) with high reliability, energy-efficiency and robustness to interferences by efficiently exploiting the characteristics of last generation transceivers within a communication protocol stack.During this thesis, we propose to study channel and interference aware communication protocols for both self-deployment of WSNs in restrictive and constrained environment and energy efficient optimization.We will focus on a static approach in the context of the network deployment automation in restrictive and constrained environments. The protocol will detect, characterize and adapt to channel conditions to optimize the link budget of each link and then diagnostic the deployment

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Anand, Suchith. „Automatic derivation of schematic maps from large scale digital geographic datasets for mobile GIS“. Thesis, University of South Wales, 2006. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/automatic-derivation-of-schematic-maps-from-large-scale-digital-geographic-datasets-for-mobile-gis(653b12bb-7e0c-41a9-aada-e8cf361064a3).html.

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"Mapping is a way of visualizing parts of the world and maps are largely diagrammatic and two dimensional. There is usually a one-to-one correspondence between places in the world and places on the map, but while there are limitless aspects to the world, the cartographer can only select a few to map" Daniel Dorling, 1996 Map generalization is the process by which small scale maps are derived from large scale maps. This requires the application of operations such as simplification, selection, displacement and amalgamation to map features subsequent to scale reduction. The work is concerned with the problem of effective rendering of large scale datasets on small display devices by developing appropriate map generalization techniques for generating schematic maps. With the advent of high-end miniature technology and large scale digital geographic data products it is essential to devise proper methodologies and techniques for the automated generation of schematic maps specifically tailored for mobile GIS applications. Schematic maps are diagrammatic representation based on linear abstractions of networks. Transportation networks are the key candidates for applying schematization to help ease the interpretation of information by the process of cartographic abstraction. This study looks at how simulated annealing optimisation technique can be successfully applied for automated generation of schematic maps from large scale digital geographic datasets tailored specifically for mobile GIS applications. The software developed makes use of a simulated annealing based schematic map generator algorithm to generate route maps from OSCAR® dataset corresponding to a series of user defined start and end points. The generated schematic route maps are displayed and tested on mobile handheld devices shows promising results for mobile GIS applications. This work concentrates on the automatic generation of schematic maps, which, in the context of mobile mapping, are seen as being a particularly useful means of displaying routes for way finding type and utility network applications.

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Gnatyuk, Vladimir, und Christian Runesson. „A Multimedia DSP Processor Design“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2269.

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This Master Thesis presents the design of the core of a fixed point general purpose multimedia DSP processor (MDSP) and its instruction set. This processor employs parallel processing techniques and specialized addressing models to speed up the processing of multimedia applications.

The MDSP has a dual MAC structure with one enhanced MAC that provides a SIMD, Single Instruction Multiple Data, unit consisting of four parallel data paths that are optimized for accelerating multimedia applications. The SIMD unit performs four multimedia- oriented 16- bit operations every clock cycle. This accelerates computationally intensive procedures such as video and audio decoding. The MDSP uses a memory bank of four memories to provide multiple accesses of source data each clock cycle.

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Bücher zum Thema "Mal du simulateur"

Jones, Denise R. Simulator comparison of thumball, thumb switch and touch screen input concepts for interaction with a large screen cockpit display format. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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V, Parrish Russell, und Langley Research Center, Hrsg. Simulator comparison of thumball, thumb switch and touch screen input concepts for interaction with a large screen cockpit display format. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Eddy, Andy. Super NES Games Secrets. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1992.

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Super NES games secrets: For the super nintendo entertainment system. Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 1992.

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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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Inc, Game Counsellor, Hrsg. The Game Counsellor's answer book for Nintendo Game players: Hundredsof questions -and answers - about more than 250 popular Nintendo Games. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1991.

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BERGIN. MAC Simulator Karel ++. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1998.

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Staff, Future Graph. Site license ti 82 simulator mac Win. Pearson Education, Limited, 1997.

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Abrams, Gary M. Parathyroid, Adrenal, Gonadal, and Pituitary Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0187.

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Endocrine disorders can cause diverse changes in cognition and affect as well as changes in neuromuscular function that may simulate primary neurologic disease, and they generally require a specialized endocrine workup to make a diagnosis. For example, hypoparathyroidism, which may be congenital (e.g., DiGeorge syndrome or Kearns-Sayre syndrome) or disease-acquired (e.g., autoimmune hypoparathyroidism) can present as neuromuscular irritability or tetany due to hypocalcemia, the most distinctive features, which may manifest as carpopedal spasm or laryngospasm. Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia and is usually due to oversecretion of PTH by a solitary adenoma of the parathyroid glands. This chapter covers most common primary endocrine disorders that can present as neurological disorders.

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Kimura, Yasuo. An evaluation of the validity and reliability of simulated swimming exercise for the assessment of VOb2s max of male collegiate swimmers. 1986.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Mal du simulateur"

Mas, Jean-François, David García-Álvarez, Martin Paegelow, Roberto Domínguez-Vera und Miguel Ángel Castillo-Santiago. „Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps“. In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools, 127–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_8.

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AbstractThe overlaying of two map layers is a standard GIS procedure. As we saw in the previous chapter, it enables us to compute the intersection between two feature classes and cross-tabulate either the area or the pixel count of the intersecting features depending on whether raster or vector data are being used. Cross-tabulation can be used to evaluate different topics depending on the nature of the input data. In this chapter, cross-tabulation is used to assess land cover changes, the spatial agreement between maps and map accuracy. In Sect. 1, Land use/cover changes (LUCC) are quantified by comparing two LUC maps, computing different indices of change and creating a change matrix. In Sect. 2, we used various metrics to evaluate the spatial agreement between two maps. This procedure was applied to compare a LUC map with a reference map, a simulated LUC map with a reference map and a simulated LUCC map with a reference map of changes. Section 3 introduces the Kappa indices, which allow us to assess the agreement between two datasets, given the agreement expected by random coincidence. We used the indices to compare observed or simulated maps with a reference map. In Sect. 4 we evaluate the agreement between maps at a global level (the entire map) by focusing on a specific feature such as a smaller area or a particular category (stratum level). Finally, in Sect. 5, the cross-tabulation between a map and reference sample data is used to assess the thematic accuracy of the map by calculating various different accuracy indices. We present examples of analyses based on cross-tabulation for four different cases: To validate a series of maps with two or more time points, to validate a map against a reference map, to validate a simulation against a reference map and to validate simulated changes against a reference map of changes. In the example exercises, we use CORINE and SIOSE maps from the Asturias Central Area and Ariège Valley datasets and maps of the Marqués de Comillas region of south-eastern Mexico (MarquesLUC dataset). The cross-tabulation techniques proposed by Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr. are applied in Chapter “Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”.

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Huan, Shang, Suqin Wang und Hua Deng. „Research on Desktop System of the Space Flight Training-Simulator“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 583–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2323-1_65.

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Wang, Kunfu, Li Guo, Wei Feng, Peng Zhang und Baiqiao Huang. „Application of Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering in Yacht Driving Simulator“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 691–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4786-5_96.

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Jiang, Wei, Zhenling Chen, Haishan Xu, Tiebing Liu, Lili Li und Xianfa Xu. „Establishment and Verification of Flight Fatigue Model Induced by Simulated Aircraft Driving“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 146–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4786-5_21.

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Tian, Dawei, Feng Wu, Haibo Sheng, Yange Zhang, Qin Yao, Bin Ma, Bin Li, Fengfeng Mo und Lue Deng. „Study on the Effect of 12-h Flight Simulated on Visual Function“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 815–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6978-4_93.

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Paegelow, Martin, Jean-François Mas, Marta Gallardo, María Teresa Camacho Olmedo und David García-Álvarez. „Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps“. In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools, 153–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_9.

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AbstractSeveral validation techniques based on the cross-tabulation matrix can be applied to validate Land Use Cover (LUC) maps. The exercises in this chapter focus, in particular, on the cross-tabulation techniques proposed by Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr., who has developed many indices and techniques in this field. Given his major contribution to this family of validation techniques, we have associated his name here with cross-tabulation techniques without this in any way implying that his scientific activity is limited to this field. The null model (Sect. 1) is especially useful for validating simulations, comparing the modelled map to a reference map with full persistence. LUCC budget (Sect. 2) only focusses on changes, which it splits into different components. This method can be used to compare the changes we want to validate with a reference set of changes, so providing interesting information as to how well our maps capture the dynamics of the landscape. Quantity and allocation disagreement (Sect. 3) analyse the differences between the reference map and the map being validated using two indices: disagreement in quantity and disagreement in allocation. The Figure of Merit (FoM) (Sect. 4) technique is used to validate a set of LUC changes by comparing them with a reference, distinguishing between different components of agreement: correctly simulated change, wrongly simulated or missing change. Incidents and States (Sect. 5) allows us to identify illogical transitions in a time series of maps by providing the number of states and transitions that a cell undergoes over the course of the series. Intensity analysis (Sect. 6) and Flow matrix (Sect. 7) also enable us to validate the logic of LUC changes in a time series of maps. Intensity analysis provides information on the speed of changes, identifying those transitions or changes that do not follow a logical trend, while the flow matrix enables us to spot unstable changes in a series of maps. In this chapter, we present examples of how these techniques can be used in different cases: to validate single LUC maps, to validate a series of maps with two or more time points, to validate simulated changes against a reference map of changes and to validate changes simulated by various models. All these techniques are illustrated by exercises using datasets from the Asturias Central Area and the Ariège Valley.

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Wu, Feng, Dawei Tian, Hua Ge, Shuang Bai, Andong Zhao, Ruoyong Wang, Yanpeng Zhao, Quan Wang und Lue Deng. „Study on the Workload of 12 h Simulated Flight Continuously Across Day and Night“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 135–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6978-4_16.

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Zhang, Yan, Liu Yang, Yang Liao, Yishuang Zhang, Fei Peng und Huamiao Song. „The Effect of Music Relaxation Training on Relieving the Psychological Fatigue After Simulated Flight“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 49–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6978-4_6.

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Xiong, Duanqin, Qing He, Xiaochao Guo, Yu Bai, Yanyan Wang, Fei Peng, Jian Du und Qingfeng Liu. „Experimental Study on Simulated Flight Performance with Monochrome and Colorful Display for See-Through Displays“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 627–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2481-9_73.

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Wang, Duming, Qipei Han und Yu Tian. „The Influence of Short-Time Head-Down Tilt Simulated Weightlessness on Performance of Motion Direction Judgment“. In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 425–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2481-9_49.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Mal du simulateur"

Morgan, S. L., J. J. Kindon und A. Nauda. „A man-machine interface simulator“. In the 17th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/21850.253152.

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Lee, Chung Jae, Seok Yoon Kang, Kyong Hoon Kim, Seog Geun Kang und Ki-Il Kim. „Software Architecture for Open Source Based Flight Simulator“. In 2015 4th International Conference on Modeling and Simulation (MAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mas.2015.14.

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Brewin, Karen, und Stephen Bourke. „SC43 Sim-man to NIV-man“. In Abstracts of the Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare 9th Annual Conference, 13th to 15th November 2018, Southport Theatre and Convention Centre, UK. The Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2018-aspihconf.66.

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Yurcik, William, und Larry Brumbaugh. „A web-based little man computer simulator“. In the thirty-second SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/364447.364585.

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Hudson, Chris, Kevin Walker, Ankur Rastogi und Tirtharaj Bhaumik. „Jack-St. Malo Marine Operator Training Simulator“. In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25125-ms.

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Graja, H. „Novel GPRS simulator for testing MAC protocols“. In Fourth International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20030406.

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„A Directional MAC module extending Omnet++ Simulator“. In 2016 Summer Simulation Multi-Conference. Society for Modeling and Simulation International (SCS), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22360/summersim.2016.scsc.057.

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Davis, Milt, und Peter Montgomery. „A Flight Simulation Vision for Aeropropulsion Altitude Ground Test Facilities“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30003.

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Testing of a gas turbine engine for aircraft propulsion applications may be conducted in the actual aircraft or in a ground-test environment. Ground test facilities simulate flight conditions by providing airflow at pressures and temperatures experienced during flight. Flight-testing of the full aircraft system provides the best means of obtaining the exact environment that the propulsion system must operate in but must deal with limitations in the amount and type of instrumentation that can be put on-board the aircraft. Due to this limitation, engine performance may not be fully characterized. On the other hand, ground-test simulation provides the ability to enhance the instrumentation set such that engine performance can be fully quantified. However, the current ground-test methodology only simulates the flight environment thus placing limitations on obtaining system performance in the real environment. Generally, a combination of ground and flight tests is necessary to quantify the propulsion system performance over the entire envelop of aircraft operation. To alleviate some of the dependence on flight-testing to obtain engine performance during maneuvers or transients that are not currently done during ground testing, a planned enhancement to ground-test facilities was investigated and reported in this paper that will allow certain categories of flight maneuvers to be conducted. Ground-test facility performance is simulated via a numerical model that duplicates the current facility capabilities and with proper modifications represents planned improvements that allow certain aircraft maneuvers. The vision presented in this paper includes using an aircraft simulator that uses pilot inputs to maneuver the aircraft engine. The aircraft simulator then drives the facility to provide the correct engine environmental conditions represented by the flight maneuver.

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Pradhan, Anuj, Weina Qu und Brittany Ross. „20 Male adolescents’ driving behaviours with multiple male peer passengers: a driving simulator evaluation“. In SAVIR 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.20.

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Páles, Házi und Fogd. „A new compact training simulator for Paks Nuclear Power Plant“. In The 20th International Conference on Modeling & Applied Simulation. CAL-TEK srl, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2021.mas.008.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Mal du simulateur"

Thomas Arnold und Steven Platnick. MODIS Airborne simulator (MAS) Final Report for CLASIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993500.

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Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren und Nicole Fresard. Rapid formation of iron sulfides alters soil morphology and chemistry following simulated marsh restoration. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42155.

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Many marshes show signs of degradation due to fragmentation, lack of sediment inputs, and erosion which may be exacerbated by sea level rise and increasing storm frequency/intensity. As a result, resource managers seek to restore marshes via introduction of sediment to increase elevation and stabilize the marsh platform. Recent field observations suggest the rapid formation of iron sulfide (FeS) materials following restoration in several marshes. To investigate, a laboratory microcosm study evaluated the formation of FeS following simulated restoration activities under continually inundated, simulated drought, and simulated tidal conditions. Results indicate that FeS horizon development initiated within 16 days, expanding to encompass > 30% of the soil profile after 120 days under continuously inundated and simulated tidal conditions. Continuously inundated conditions supported higher FeS content compared to other treatments. Dissolved and total Fe and S measurements suggest the movement and diffusion of chemical constituents from native marsh soil upwards into the overlying sediments, driving FeS precipitation. The study highlights the need to consider biogeochemical factors resulting in FeS formation during salt marsh restoration activities. Additional field research is required to link laboratory studies, which may represent a worst-case scenario, with in-situ conditions.

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Christie, Benjamin, Osama Ennasr und Garry Glaspell. Autonomous navigation and mapping in a simulated environment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42006.

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Unknown Environment Exploration (UEE) with an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is extremely challenging. This report investigates a frontier exploration approach, in simulation, that leverages Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) to efficiently explore unknown areas by finding navigable routes. The solution utilizes a diverse sensor payload that includes wheel encoders, three-dimensional (3-D) LIDAR, and Red, Green, Blue and Depth (RGBD) cameras. The main goal of this effort is to leverage frontier-based exploration with a UGV to produce a 3-D map (up to 10 cm resolution). The solution provided leverages the Robot Operating System (ROS).

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Smith, Jeanne, Isiah Davenport und Huaining Cheng. Simulated Lidar Images of Human Pose using a 3DS Max Virtual Laboratory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626763.

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Wilmont, Martyn, Greg Van Boven und Tom Jack. GRI-96-0452_1 Stress Corrosion Cracking Under Field Simulated Conditions I. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011963.

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Electrochemical measurements have been performed on polished and mill scaled steel samples. The solutions investigated have included carbonate bicarbonate mixtures of varying pH as well as solutions of neutral pH such as NS4. Results indicate that the mechanism of corrosion associated with the carbonate bicarbonate environments involves passive film formation. No such passivation is observed for solutions associated with neutral pH SCC. Electrochemical corrosion rates measured on polished steel specimens exposed to NS4 solutions in the pH range 5 to 6.8 were in the region of 5 x 10e-1 to 1 x 10e-2 mm/s. However, rates obtained on mill scaled surfaces went much lower and in the region of 5 x 10e-10 mm/s. Field determined crack propagation rates are estimated to be in the region of 2 x 10e-8 mm/s. Whilst the laboratory determined corrosion rates are lower than the field propagation rate it should be remembered that the laboratory rates were obtained on unstressed specimens. The application of load would be expected to increase the corrosion rate and may indicate that stress focused dissolution process may be sufficient to explain the propagation of neutral pH stress corrosion cracks. However, as hydrogen evolution is the most likely cathodic reaction involved in the mechanism of neutral pH SCC the role of hydrogen in the crack propagation mechanism may also be important.

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Martin, S., Larry Daggett, Morgan Johnston, Chris Hewlett, Kiara Pazan, Mario Sanchez, Dennis Webb, Mary Allison und George Burkley. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Improvement Project – Navigation Channel Improvement Study : ship simulation results. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42342.

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In 2020, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, provided technical oversight during a navigation study to assist the Galveston District evaluation of different channel widening alternatives for larger ships transiting the Houston Ship Channel (HSC), Texas. The widening proposals encompassed several areas of the HSC including the Bay Section, the Bayport Ship Channel, Barbours Cut Channel, and the Bayou Section. The study was performed at the San Jacinto College Maritime Technology and Training Center (SJCMTTC) Ship/Tug Simulator (STS) Facility in La Porte, TX. The SJCMTTC STS is a real-time simulator; therefore, events on the simulator happen at the same time rate as real life. A variety of environmental forces act upon the ship during the simulation transit. These include currents, wind, waves, bathymetry, and ship-to-ship interaction. Online simulations of the project were conducted at SJCMTTC over a 3-week period – May through June 2020. Several mariners including Houston Pilots and G&H tugboat Captains participated in the testing and validation exercises. ERDC oversight was performed remotely because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results in the form of engineering observations, track plots, and pilot interviews were reviewed to develop final conclusions and recommendations regarding the final design.

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Kanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen und Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.

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Food is an essential to our existence but under certain conditions it could become the origin to the accumulative health damages. Technological processes as heating, chopping, mincing, grounding, promote the lipid oxidation process in muscle tissues and meat foodstuffs. Lipid oxidation occurred rapidly in turkey muscle, intermediate in duck, and slowest in chicken during frozen storage. Depletion of tocopherol during frozen storage was more rapid in turkey and duck compared to chicken. These processes developed from lipid peroxides produce many cytotoxic compounds including malondialdehyde (MDA). The muscle tissue is further oxidized in stomach conditions producing additional cytotoxic compounds. Oxidized lipids that are formed during digestion of a meal possess the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular diseases. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 hours during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Polyphenols in the human diet, as an integral part of the meal prevent the generation and absorption of cytotoxic compounds and the destruction of essential nutrients, eg. antioxidants vitamins during the meal. Polyphenols act as antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract; they scavenge free radicals and may interact with reactive carbonyls, enzymes and proteins. These all reactions results in decreasing the absorption of reactive carbonyls and possible other cytotoxic compounds into the plasma. Consumptions of diet high in fat and red meat are contributory risk factors partly due to an increase production of cytotoxic oxidized lipid products eg. MDA. However, the simultaneously consumption of polyphenols rich foods reduce these factors. Locating the biological site of action of polyphenols in the in the gastrointestinal tract may explain the paradox between the protective effect of a highly polyphenols rich diet and the low bioavailability of these molecules in human plasma. It may also explain the "French paradox" and the beneficial effect of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, in which food products with high antioxidants content such as polyphenols are consumed during the meal.

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Ghanipoor Machiani, Sahar, Aryan Sohrabi und Arash Jahangiri. Impact of Regular and Narrow AV-Exclusive Lanes on Manual Driver Behavior. Mineta Transportation Institute, Oktober 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1922.

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This study attempts to answer the question of how a narrow (9-ft) lane dedicated to Automated Vehicles (AVs) would affect the behavior of drivers in the adjacent lane to the right. To this end, a custom driving simulator environment was designed mimicking the Interstate 15 smart corridor in San Diego. A group of participants was assigned to drive next to the simulated 9-ft narrow lane while a control group was assigned to drive next to a regular 12-ft AV lane. Driver behavior was analyzed by measuring the mean lane position, mean speed, and mental effort (self-reported/subjective measure). In addition to AV lane width, the experimental design took into consideration AV headway, gender, and right lane traffic to investigate possible interaction effects. The results showed no significant differences in the speed and mental effort of drivers while indicating significant differences in lane positioning. Although the overall effect of AV lane width was not significant, there were some significant interaction effects between lane width and other factors (i.e., driver gender and presence of traffic on the next regular lane to the right). Across all the significant interactions, there was no case in which those factors stayed constant while AV lane width changed between the groups, indicating that the significant difference stemmed from the other factors rather than the lane width. However, the trend observed was that drivers driving next to the 12-ft lane had better lane centering compared to the 9ft lane. The analysis also showed that while in general female drivers tended to drive further away from the 9-ft lane and performed worse in terms of lane centering, they performed better than male drivers when right-lane traffic was present. This study contributes to understanding the behavioral impacts of infrastructure adaptation to AVs on non-AV drivers.

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Ellor, James A., P.E., J. Peter Ault und P.E. PR-543-153601-R01 The Effects of Spray Polyurethane Foam on the Cathodic Protection of Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011022.

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The current program examined the use of structural spray polyurethane foams (SPF) used in the pipeline industry as line supports (foam ditch pads) or as erosion-control devices (foam trench breakers). Of concern are requirements that pipelines are protected by �non-shielding� coatings and that cathodic protection design must consider �electrical shielding.� Cathodic protection current may pass through or around the foams depending on the foam properties, surrounding electrolyte conductivity, and foam bonding to the pipeline. The program studied SPF impacts on cathodic protection of simulated under-ground steel pipelines.

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Muñoz, Juan Sebastián. Re-estimating the Gender Gap in Colombian Academic Performance. Inter-American Development Bank, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011529.

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This paper presents evidence of the relationship between the disparity in the academic performance of boys and girls in Colombia and the country's excessively high school dropout rates. By using the OLS and trimming for bounds techniques, and based on data derived from the PISA 2009 database, the presented findings show that the vast majority of this gender-related performance gap is explained by selection problems in the group of low-skilled and poor male students. In particular, the high dropout rate overestimates male performance means, creating a selection bias in the regular OLS estimation. In order to overcome this issue, unobservable male students are simulated and bounding procedures used. The results of this analysis suggest that low-income men are vulnerable to dropping out of school in the country, which leads to overestimating the actual performance levels of Colombian men.

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