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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Major branches of philosophical study"
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Utkevich, V. A. „Christening of Rus as a major factor of formation of Russian nation“. Язык и текст 2, Nr. 4 (2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2015020405.
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This article is devoted to the philosophical study of the effect of baptism and the Christianization of Rus in the process of formation of the Russian nation. For the formation of Russian people there was the main religious unity that emerged only after the baptism of Rus. The article emphasizes that the Russian and Belorussians are represented as the branches of a single nation. By force of circumstances they have lived a long time in different nations.
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Bokova, T. N. „Analysis of the Major Philosophical-Pedagogical Concepts in the United States of America in the XX Century“. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 13, Nr. 2 (2013): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2013-13-2-110-114.
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The article is devoted to analysis of the major philosophical and pedagogical concepts in the United States in the XX century: pragmatism, behaviorism, humanism, constructivism and cognitivism. The subject matter of the research is peculiarities and trends of the educational thought in the United States in the context of the formation and development of the education system in the United States in the XX century. Careful study and comparison of these areas helped identify key philosophical premises, values and methodological approaches in American pedagogy, the influence on the educational systems in the United States and Russia. Philosophy is regarded as a general methodological basis of educational research and it facilitates the synthesis of the results. It is considered to be vital for pedagogy, both in the U.S. and Russia as it is based both on premises and results of various branches of social science, as well as on data from a number of natural sciences.
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Shogar, Ibrahim A. „THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN BIOENGINEERING“. IIUM Engineering Journal 18, Nr. 2 (01.12.2017): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.723.
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This paper investigates the philosophical foundations of modern bioengineering to articulate its ethical framework. Engineering as an ultimate mechanism to transform knowledge into practice is essential for both physical and biological sciences. It reduces data, concepts, and designs to pictorial forms. The integration of engineering with the newly emerging biosciences, has presented a unique opportunity to overcome the major challenges that face the environmental and human health. To harness potentials of bioengineering and establish a sustainable foundation for green technology, modern scientists and engineers need to be acquainted with the normative questions of science. In addition to acquiring the general principles of scientific research and identifying the intrinsic goals of the endeavour, philosophy of bioengineering exposes bioengineers to both the descriptive ‘how’ questions of the physical world as well as the normative ‘why’ questions of values. Such an interdisciplinary approach is significant, not only for inspiring to acquire the genuine knowledge of the existing world, but also to expose the bioengineers to their ethical and social responsibilities. Besides introducing the conceptual framework of bioengineering, this paper has investigated the three major philosophies that have been dominating the theoretical presuppositions of scientific research method in history. Namely, (i) Systems biology approach; (ii) Evolutionary biology approach; and (iii) Mechanical view approach. To establish the ethical foundation of modern bioengineering, the paper, also has conducted an analytical study on various branches of the emerging discipline of bioscience.The paper has concluded that adopting the interdisciplinary approach in research and education is essential to harness potentials of bioengineering and to establish foundations of green technology. To achieve the final objectives of bioengineering, both the practical and theoretical knowledge of values must be acquired. The former is essential for invention and innovation; meanwhile the later exposes bioengineers to the integrated discipline of knowledge and values.Â
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Fauzi, Irfan. „Kontribusi Teori Kebenaran Kefilsafatan dalam Penguatan Keilmuan Hadits“. Journal of Islamic Thought and Philosophy 3, Nr. 1 (04.06.2024): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jitp.2024.3.1.153-169.
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In the line of life, humans have knowledge (epistemology) and truth that they believe in, but can this be accounted for? Therefore, these two objects have become mainstream in the branches of philosophy. And so hadith science, the standard of truth of hadith must go through very strict verification. Historically in understanding the truth there are three popular traditional of views; correspondence, coherence, and pragmatics. In the study of hadith science, it is called epistemology of hadith. This theory is very relevant as a form of interconnection of two scientific disciplines (multidisciplinary). This research is a literature review with a descriptive-analysis method. The results of research provide the conclusions that the hadith epistemological framework for testing the validation of a hadith can use these three major views; (1) correspondence (based on empirical-historical data by tracking asbab al-wurud or tarikh al-ruwwah); (2) coherence (based on the principles of mushthalah al-hadith); (3) pragmatics (mashlahah al-ummah). This theory can be a ways of tracing the historical-philosophical validity of hadith so that its truth can be legalized.
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Ali, Aun Hasan. „Sajjad H. Rizvi. Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics“. American Journal of Islam and Society 28, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v28i1.1268.
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Mullā Ṣadrā and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being appears at a time whenthe study of Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī’s philosophy has reached a critical mass.Critical editions of Shirazi’s works are available, and there are numerousstudies on aspects of his thought. Rizvi has done an excellent job of synthesizingthis information, examining it critically and building on it to pushSadrian studies forward. The philosophical question that Rizvi explores inthis book is: “[h]ow can we reconcile the vision of the unity in existenceand the quest for a singular explanation for reality with our everyday, phenomenalexperience of plurality and multiplicity?” (xi). Rizvi approachesthis question both as a philosopher and a historian of philosophy.The aim of this study is to examine Shirazi’s central philosophicalidea—the modulation of being—and to use this idea to understand hisphilosophy. Whereas most studies on Shirazi have focused on Kitāb al-Mashā‘ir or al-Ḥikma al-‘arshīya, Rizvi focuses on the section on metaphysicsin Shirazi’s most important work Al-Ḥikma al-muta‘ālīya, or simplythe Asfār. There are two major theses in this book. One, “tashkīk is ahermeneutic concept which describes the threefold division of being andits gradation,” and two, “gradation and modulation occur in each mode ofbeing” (3). As Rizvi points out, “being in expression” is the foundation ofShirazi’s semantic theory; “mental being” is about epistemology and psychology;and “actual being” covers metaphysics. “Modulation,” then, isthe axis around which different branches of Shirazi’s philosophy revolve ...
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Hirnyi, Oleh. „What to Build the Theory of Upbringing for the “New Ukrainian School”“. Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 21, Nr. 2 (28.12.2017): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2017-21-2-98-114.
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The last decade, and especially the years after the Revolution of Dignity and the association of Ukraine with the EU, are marked by the rhetoric of the «European civilization choice» and «the return to European values». In the education system, it is reflected in the slogan «New Ukrainian School», built on values. The last slogan raises the question: is there a school (or certain type of school education), which is NOT built on values? Or, in other words: is it a school, which is not built on values, possible in general? The questions are obviously rhetorical, because without values education is impossible. It is the values that are the basis of any upbringing. Therefore, in the declared general sense, this slogan is not different from the former Soviet “datsi-bao”, such as “We will come to a victory of covictory of commmunist labour!”.
We need to be much more concrete in these cases. It seems to me, . It seems to me, that the major-that to me, that the major-that the major-the majorthe major--ity of the failures in the reforms in our country arise from the lack of concretization of common slogans – an alive consequence of the communist methodological heritage in this area. Therefore, the article deals with the ideological, philosophical and methodological foundations of constructing formal and ethical (moral) requirements for the system of school education in the USSR, the system of education and upbringing which Ukraine had inherited. In particular, this applies to the so-called “cosmocentric” ontology, the methodology of “dialectical materialism” (in particular, the so-called “unity of theory and practice”) and the class (so-called “proletarian”) - absolutely relativistic – ethics, constructed on it.So, the problem is the lack of a rational explanation and concretization of common slogans, in particular educational ones, which are put forward as a leitmotif of reforms in the school, and appeals to the concept of “values” that has emerged. As a result, we have absence of a corresponding scientific (philosophical) theory of values in Ukraine and a kind of vacuum in the field of ethics.
In my opinion, in this area, we should study the Polish experience, represented by a whole school of rational thinking in all branches of humanities, known as the Lviv-Warsaw School. Due to the traditions of this school, the Polish school system and society as a whole could resist the dialectical “brainwashing” and liberate itself from the dogmas of communist thinking, as far as carry out the necessary reforms, in particular, in the area of education, making it compatible with the educational systems of EU countries.
As an example, logically connected, based on experience and open to criticism, is the presentation of ethical issues in the theory of values of one of the last representatives of the Lviv-Warsaw School, Andrzej Gzegorczyk, presented in his paper “An attempt to describe the world of values and its ethical implications”.
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Hendrianto, Stefanus. „Constitutionalized But Not Constitute: The Case of Right to Social Security in Indonesia“. Constitutional Review 6, Nr. 2 (30.12.2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/consrev623.
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Previous studies on the development of socio-economic rights in Indonesia heavily focus on the Constitutional Court’s decisions in upholding the rights. But there is still minimum study on the political economy behind the development of socio-economic rights in Indonesia. This article will analyze the development of socio-economic rights through the lenses of the right to social security. This article relies on two major theoretical frameworks to analyze the development of the right to social security in Indonesia. The first theoretical framework is the authoritarian constitutionalism in the economic sphere. The second theoretical framework in this article is Kathrine Young’s theory of the construction of socio-economic rights. This article postulates that the rights to social security has been constitutionalized but not constituted in Indonesia for several reasons. First, and foremost, the legacy of authoritarian constitutionalism that prioritizing economic growth over the fulfilment of social economic rights. The “growth” ideology has contributed to the discrepancy between the constitution and reality, in which the government merely considers protection of socio-economic rights as extra cost, which will hamper the growth of the economy. Second, the lack of philosophical and comparative analysis in the interpretation of rights to social security. Third, the transformation of the Court as a detached court in the enforcement of the rights to social security. The element of detachment is clearly seen in the Court’s too much deferral to the Executive and Legislative branches in defining the scope and meaning of the right to social security. Finally, the failure of social movement to create a new narrative on injustice and the importance of rights to social security.
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Muhammad Awais Khan, Shakeel Ahmad Jan und Farooq Chughtai. „A Comparative Study of the Relevancy of Western Educational Philosophies and Islamic Philosophies“. International Journal of Politics & Social Sciences Review (IJPSSR) 2, Nr. I (29.06.2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/ijpssr-vol.2-iss.i-2023(13-21).
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Islam is the global and most pragmatic religion which is a complete of life. It is divine religion bestowed with the faculty of furnishing practical and long lasting solution to all encountered problems in an authentic style. There are two schools of thoughts categorizing the religions and its verdicts in its own parameters and perspectives. There are two main titles used for these classifications as Islamic and western views and proofed. These two main classes are further branched as sub categories in light of its practices and principles. The present study describes and evaluates the two prominent western educational philosophies named Perennialism and essentialism with its major components and then a comparative analysis is made with Islamic philosophy. This study extends the logical and literature based proofs about the intersecting similarities between both educational philosophies. The study focuses mainly on the notions of Islamic philosophy and its components. Citations of quranic verses have been cited for validation of sources. The study was qualitative in nature and was based review of literature. The tool of literary discourse analysis was applied for elaboration of reliable differences. Genuine web sites were consulted for authentication of results. Particular Area. The study disclosed that the Islamic philosophical system was more authentic and flexible in terms of knowledge and social relationships. The results of comparison highlighted that we should try to practice the holistic and experiential application of Islamic philosophies for durable enactment of strong relationship between learners and teachers for long lasting social aims and objectives.
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Gupta, Dr Rajesh. „Study on economics and its two major branches“. International Journal of Financial Management and Economics 1, Nr. 1 (01.07.2018): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26179210.2018.v1.i1a.1.
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Pociecha, Józef. „Philosophical foundations of statistical research“. Przegląd Statystyczny 67, Nr. 3 (26.02.2021): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7109.
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Every researcher desires to uncover the truth about the object of the undertaken study. When conducting statistical research, however, scientists frequently give no deeper thought as to their motivation underlying the choice of the particular purpose and scope of the study, or the choice of analytical tools. The aim of this paper is to provide a reflection on the philosophical foundations of statistical research. The three basic understandings of the term ‘statistics’ are outlined, followed by a synthetic overview of the understanding of the concept of truth in the key branches of philosophy, with particular attention devoted to the understanding of truth in probabilistic terms. Subsequently, a short discussion is presented on the philosophical bases of statistics, touching upon such topics as determinism and indeterminism, chance and chaos, deductive and inductive reasoning, randomness and uncertainty, and the impact of the information revolution on the development of statistical methods, especially in the context of socio-economic research. The article concludes with the formulation of key questions regarding the future development of statistics.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Major branches of philosophical study"
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Beenfeldt, Christian. „Introspection and the scientific study of the mental : a philosophical analysis of major obstacles“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543717.
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1915-, Adams Robert Martin, Hrsg. Utopia: A revised translation, backgrounds, criticism. 2. Aufl. New York: Norton, 1991.
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Vincent, Monteil, Hrsg. Discours sur l'histoire universelle. 3. Aufl. Paris: Sindbad, 1997.
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Wilhelm, Hein, Hrsg. Ibn Chaldūn: Abhandlung über die Künste : der 5. Abschnitt aus dem Buch Muqaddima ("Prolegomena") : Deutsch und Arabisch. Innsbruck: Verlag des Instituts für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1988.
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H, Rusʼan, Hrsg. Ibnu Khaldun tentang sosial dan ekonomi: Beberapa teori. Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 1985.
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Abdesselam, Cheddadi, Hrsg. al-Muqaddimah. al-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ: Khizānat Ibn Khaldūn, Bayt al-Funūn wa-al-ʻUlūm wa-al-Ādāb, 2005.
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Pingar, Abdul Sattar. Quranic themes & philosophical essays: A study of Quranic views on major aspects of human life inclusive of a short history on the rise & decline of Islamic empire. Karachi]: Bawaney Art Press, 2011.
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Slime Dynamics. Zero Books, 2012.
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Locke: His philosophical thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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A Sense of the Mysterious: Science and the Human Spirit. Pantheon, 2005.
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In defense of natural law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Major branches of philosophical study"
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Sæteren, Berit, und Dagfinn Nåden. „Dignity: An Essential Foundation for Promoting Health and Well-Being“. In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_7.
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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to illuminate different understandings of the concept of dignity and to discuss how we can make use of this knowledge to enhance human health. Dignity is viewed as a universal concept in health sciences and a feature necessary to promote health and alleviate suffering related to sickness and impending death. The ideas presented in this chapter are founded in a caring science paradigm where the human being is considered as a unique entity consisting of body, soul, and spirit. Caring science as referred to in this chapter has its scientific foundation in Gadamer’s ontological hermeneutics.Dignity is described in a historical perspective, and different meanings of dignity are clarified. Since health and dignity relate to one other, we have clarified the concept of health employing the texts of the Finnish theoretician Katie Eriksson. In order to illuminate the perspective of health promotion, we have also briefly described health in a salutogenic perspective according to the medical sociologist Aron Antonovsky. In clarifying dignity, the texts of well-known researchers from the Nordic countries and UK were employed. In reflecting on how we can make use of the knowledge of dignity and indignity to promote health, we have considered this matter in light of results of a major Scandinavian study. The main purpose of this study was to explore dignity and indignity of patients in nursing homes from the perspective of patients, family caregivers, and health personnel. The testimonies presented in this section are further interpreted employing mainly caring science and philosophical literature. Lastly, a short summary of some public policy efforts with the aim to preserve human dignity is offered.
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Perry, Stephen R. „Interpretation and Methodology in Legal Theory“. In Law and Interpretation, 97–136. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198264873.003.0003.
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Abstract At some point almost every major work in jurisprudence discusses issues of methodology, and often these seem to be the most difficult and intractable questions in the subject. Why should this be? Does jurisprudence raise special methodological problems that other disciplines do not face? Because law is both a social and a normative phenomenon, there is good reason for thinking that it does. In stating that law is both social and normative, I mean to say that it is a social institution that also systematically gives rise (or at least is perceived to give rise) to reasons for action. Now it is, of course, possible to study the reason-giving aspects of social practices from a purely philosophical perspective. One task of po1itical philosophy, for example, is to describe ideal political practices, and to determine whether and under what circumstances they would affect people’s reasons for action (usually by creating obligations for them). Similarly, it is possible to study social institutions from a purely descriptive perspective, without reference to anyone’s reasons for action (or at least this is possible according to one school of thought in the social sciences). Some branches of sociology attempt to study law in this way. Jurisprudence gives rise to special methodological problems because it has both philosophical and descriptive aspirations; it attempts both to analyse the reason-giving dimension of social practices and at the same time to give a descriptively accurate characterization of an existing type of social institution. As a discipline jurisprudence claims, in effect, to be both a branch of practical philosophy (by which I mean the philosophy of practical reason), and a social science of a certain kind. The special problems of methodology it faces arise from this juxtaposition.
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Humphreys, Paul. „Templates, Opacity, and Simulations“. In Philosophical Papers, 61–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199334872.003.0006.
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Retrospective reflections are provided on the papers “Computer Simulations,” “Computational Science and Its Effects,” “The Philosophical Novelty of Computer Simulation Methods,” and “Numerical Experimentation” by Paul Humphreys. Some major themes are that it is the broader category of computational science, including such methods as machine learning, that is of interest, rather than just the narrower field of computer simulations; that numerical experiments and simulations are only analogous in a very weak sense to laboratory experiments; that computational science is a genuine emplacement revolution; and that syntax is of primary importance in computational modeling. Remarks are made on the logical properties of simulations, on the appropriate definition of a simulation, and on the need to take applied mathematics seriously as an autonomous field of study in the philosophy of mathematics. An argument is given for the conclusion that computational transformations preserve the causal origins of data but not their referential content.
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Alexander, Jonathan J. G. „The Study of Medieval Art 2: 1950–2000“. In A Century of British Medieval Studies. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263952.003.0029.
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This chapter examines the history of the study of medieval art in Great Britain during the period from 1950 to 2000. The British Academy created a separate section for History of Art and Music, but in many quarters art history was still thought of as the province of the amateur art-lover rather than an object of serious study. Only the Courtland Institute continued to be the only institution in England offering undergraduate and graduate degrees. The situation changed in the 1960s and 1970s when all branches of the discipline experienced major growth in the areas of conservation studies and art-book publishing.
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Hempel, Carl G., und James H. Fetzer. „Reduction: Ontological and Linguistic Facets“. In The Philosophy of Carl G. Hempel, 189–207. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121360.003.0009.
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Abstract Among the many issues in the logic and methodology of science to whose clarification Ernest Nagel has contributed by his thorough and illuminating analyses, the subject of theoretical reduction holds a place of special philosophical interest. Reduction affords an important mode of scientific explanation; it raises intriguing questions concerning the relation between the concepts of the reducing and of the reduced theory; it is a procedure that reaches across the boundary lines of scientific disciplines; and its potential scope encompasses all the major branches of empirical science, since problems of reducibility arise in fields as diverse as physics and chemistry, biology, psychology, and the social and historical disciplines. All these aspects lend philosophical interest and importance to the topic of reduction.
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Ahnert, Thomas. „The Philosophy Curriculum at Scottish Universities in the Eighteenth Century“. In Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, Volume II, 1–52. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807940.003.0001.
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Abstract This chapter examines the changes in the main parts of the university curriculum in philosophy—logic, rhetoric, metaphysics, pneumatics, natural philosophy, and ethics—in the period from c.1690 to c.1830. Underlying developments in these various philosophical subdisciplines was a rejection of ‘speculative philosophy’ in favour of a ‘culture of the mind’. ‘Speculative philosophy’ had, on the whole, been a value-free term at the beginning of the century, when it was part of a division of philosophy into ‘speculative’ and ‘practical’ branches. But from the first decades of the eighteenth century, ‘speculation’ was increasingly associated with the corruption of philosophy by the abstruse and futile intellectual quarrels of so-called ‘scholastics’. By the end of the century, the former distinction between ‘speculative’ and ‘practical’ branches of philosophy had been replaced by an alternative division of philosophy into the study of mind and the study of matter.
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Peace-Brewer, Amy L., Kimberly L. Kane und James D. Folds. „Immune Response and Methods for Detection of Infectious Diseases“. In Epiden1iologic Methods for the Study of Infectious Diseases, 28–42. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121124.003.0002.
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Abstract An individual’s ability to survive in a world of pathogens depends on an intact immune system. The immune system is a network of cells and proteins that are capable of identifying, as well as removing, a foreign invader. As the system is challenged by various pathogens, such as microorganisms, viruses etc., different sections of the immune system are activated to facilitate the removal of the pathogen. Each section of the immune system is adept at eliminating or clearing different types of organisms. Therefore understanding how the various sections of the immune system respond to different organisms can be useful for identifying stages of infection. This chapter is divided into three major sections: an overview of the branches of the immune system; examples of different immune responses; and laboratory testing methodologies illustrating how one can distinguish between infection and exposure to a particular pathogen.
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Ramachandran, Nithya, Habiba Mohammed Al-Mughairi und Abdallah Khalfan Al-Azri. „Student Participation in Quality Assurance Processes of HEIs the Omani Context“. In Global Perspectives on Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Higher Education Institutions, 286–305. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8085-1.ch016.
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Quality assurance and accreditation are the most pronounced words in the education sector. Quality culture involves all stakeholders in the process. Students who are the major stakeholders play a vital role in the QA process of an institution. The role of students in QA process in Oman context has been covered by conducting interviews from both students and staff members. The current study has been conducted on all the 13 branches of University of Technology and Applied Sciences. An online interview schedule was arranged with five students and two staff members from each branch. The list of students and staff was collected from the quality assurance department of UTAS branches. The results of the study showed that students are actively participating in various programs. The main hindrances to student involvement are low awareness about QA processes, time constraints, and low student representation towards QA processes. The implication of this research is important for HEIs, OAAA, academic researchers, and higher education stakeholders.
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„Introduction“. In Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law, herausgegeben von Christian Dahlman, Alex Stein und Giovanni Tuzet, 1–8. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859307.003.0001.
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This volume presents contributions from scholars spread across three continents and domiciled in twelve different countries, whose common interest is evidence theory as related to law. Evidence theory as related to law stayed mostly dormant until the advent of the “New Evidence Scholarship” in the mid-eighties of the twentieth century. The publication of William Twining’s book, Theories of Evidence: Bentham & Wigmore in 1985 and the 1986 Boston University Law Review Evidence Symposium volume have changed things around. These publications have irreversibly changed the direction of the study of evidence by shifting evidence scholars’ focus from rules to reasons. The shift from rules to reasons was transformative along two dimensions: interdisciplinarity and internationalization. The realization that reasons moving the factfinding process forward are antecedent to, and consequently more important than, evidentiary rules has opened up new paths of inquiry that connected adjudicative factfinding to epistemology, mathematics, economics, psychology, sociology, political morality, and linguistics, and led to further and richer explorations of how theories of probability and induction affect the understanding and reform of the law of evidence. The primacy of reasons has also created a sizable common ground for theorizing for evidence scholars from different countries. With a focus on reasons rather than rules, the differences between factfinding in the more regulated Anglo-American systems vis-à-vis the freer European systems—once understood as dramatic—became less important. The Introduction to the volume presents its chapters and highlights the major philosophical and interdisciplinary insights discussed in it.
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Juris, Stephen. „Introduction to Immunology and the Immune System“. In Immunology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780190200312.003.0001.
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This chapter provides a background on how the body keeps infections at bay. It explores the two major branches of the immune system (the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system) and the cells, molecules, and tissues that drive their responses to provide protection from infectious disease. It also reviews a vast array of mechanisms that the human body relies on to keep them healthy in spite of all the challenges the immune system faces daily. The chapter explains immunology as the study of immunity from diseases and the mechanisms used by the immune system to provide protection against pathogens. It explains that pathogens have the ability to cause disease, either via bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Major branches of philosophical study"
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Keidun, Irina. „CURRENT PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF CONFUCIAN CLASSICS (BASED ON THE TEXT OF LI JI)“. In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.15.
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The article attempts to analyze the canonical Confucian treatise Li Ji from the philosophical and religious studies’ perspective. Utilizing the information contained in the text, this article reconstructs the content of the ancient Chinese rituals of the life cycle — initiation, marriage, funeral and mourning, all of which served to trace and formalize changes in a person’s social status, securing his transition to a new position. Structure, functions and symbolism of ancient Chinese transitional ceremonies generally correspond with the theory of rituals of passage developed by the French researcher A. van Gennep. The results of this work demonstrate that the treatise may in the future become the object of close attention of researchers from various scientific branches, analyzing the panhuman universals of spiritual development.
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Ferreira, Ana C. M., Senhorinha F. C. F. Teixeira und Jose´ C. F. Teixeira. „Contributions to the Study of Blood Flow in the Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13028.
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Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death. Their development through the deposition of plaques onto the arteries and the subsequent formation of stenosis greatly affects the blood flow in the vascular system. Blood flow patterns depend on different factors, being the rheological characteristics of blood one of the most important. Although various publications have been dedicated to the study of blood flow in various geometries, they mostly assume the arteries as a rigid boundary. In the present work, the effect of the artery’s wall deformation upon the flow patterns is investigated. Therefore, the prime goal of this study consists in the development of numerical models able to predict the blood flow in the region of abdominal aorta under deformable boundaries. The simulation was performed using adaptative dynamic meshes into the finite volume FLUENT software, in order to evaluate the influence of increasing the stenosis degree in the blood flow. The results show the influence of the deformable boundary upon the length and location of the recirculation zone downstream of the stenosis and also in the wall shear stress distribution and pressure drop across the obstruction. An experimental test facility was developed in order to validate the numerical results. A cam profile coupled with electro valves duplicates the periodic flow of the cardiac cycle observed in the iliac bifurcation. The results evidence that the severity of the stenosis affects the distribution of the velocity profiles across the obstructed vessel’s section. It is also shown that the development of recirculation areas increases with the stenosis degree in post stenotic regions.
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Pellereau, Ben, und David Candler. „Investigation Into Methods for Determining Moment Ranges at Piping Tees and Branches“. In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21632.
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Abstract NB-3600 provides methods for assessing the structural integrity of piping systems. One of the major loading types in piping systems is the moments generated within the pipework to react relative movement of components, thermal expansion and external loads such as gravity or seismic loading. When assessing a pipe tee or branch, there are three sources of moments that must be considered: from the branch and from the run on both sides of the junction; each of these sets of moments has three components. The three components of the branch moment can be easily combined using the square root sum of the squares approach to determine a single resultant moment. For the run, the process is more complex as the moments from either side of the junction need to be converted into a single set of component moments before the resultant run moment is obtained. The method for doing this is given in Subparagraph NB-3683.1 of ASME BPVC Section III. Once the three components run moments have been obtained, they are also combined to determine the resultant. The resultant run and branch moments are then multiplied by geometry-dependent stress indices and summed to give a stress range. For fatigue and shakedown assessments, it is unclear whether the “sign rule” should be applied to the individual load sets before ranging or to the range of each individual component. This potentially results in uncertainty in calculations, leading to unnecessary conservatism and/or repeat calculations. For this study, 10 randomly generated sets of moments have been applied in a 3D finite element model of a typical pipe tee. The stress intensity ranges obtained from the FE results have been compared with the stress range obtained using the NB-3600 stress indices with the sign rule implemented in three different ways. The study shows that the sign rule should be applied after ranging the individual moment components; a change to the wording of the code is recommended to confirm this. However, given the levels of conservatism in other parts of the calculation, it is unlikely that any calculations carried out using the sign rule first are non-conservative.
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Cao, Yiding, Won S. Chang und Charles D. MacArthur. „An Analytical Study of Turbine Disks Incorporating Radially Rotating Heat Pipes“. In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0642.
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Abstract In modern aero-engines, a turbine disk is normally cooled by compressed air bled from the engine compressor. A literature survey regarding the turbine disk cooling reveals that although the average air-cooling heat transfer coefficient is generally high, the local heat-transfer coefficient at the disk rim is low. Impinging jet cooling could be used to enhance the heat transfer at the rim, but its implementation is costly. One of the major causes of the high temperature at the rim is the low thermal conductivity associated with the turbine disk material. Based on this understanding, a turbine disk that incorporates radially rotating heat pipes has been introduced. The incorporation of the heat pipe would significantly increase the effective thermal conductance of the disk and spread the heat from the disk rim to a much large surface area, A unique disk design that employs interconnected heat pipe branches is also described for the purpose of cost reduction. To evaluate the effectiveness of the new turbine disk, a simplified analysis based on the one-dimensional and steady-state assumptions is made. The analytical results indicate that a disk that incorporates the heat pipe could reduce the disk rim temperature by more than 300°C, with only a moderate increase in the disk bore temperature. A turbine disk that employs rotating heat pipes is very effective for the disk rim temperature reduction. It also represents a new approach for cooling turbine rotor blades, and could find important applications in advanced gas turbines working at very high inlet temperatures.
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Cebral, Juan R., Fernando Mut, Sunil Appanaboyina, Rainald Löhner, Esteban Scrivano, Pedro Lylyk und Christopher Putman. „Flow Reduction in Jailed Arteries After Stenting of Cerebral Aneurysms“. In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206144.
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Recently, there has been increased interest in the use of flow divertion endovascular devices such as stents [1–3] to treat unruptured cerebral aneurysms. The goal of these devices is to deviate the blood flow away from the aneurysm and promote its thrombosis and exclusion from the circulation. However, one of the major concerns with these devices is the possibility of occluding a small arterial branch or perforating artery that may be jailed by the stent mesh. This could result in an ischemic stroke. The goal of this study was to assess the reduction in the flow rate in jailed side branches after stenting of cerebral aneurysms.
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Яшин, Б. Л. „Philosophical Disciplines in Pedagogical Higher Education as the Foundation of the General Culture of the Future Teacher“. In Современное образование: векторы развития. Роль социально-гуманитарного знания в подготовке педагога: материалы V международной конференции (г. Москва, МПГУ, 27 апреля – 25 мая 2020 г.). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2020.60.58.009.
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в статье раскрывается роль философии и других философских дисциплин в системе подготовки будущего учителя. Утверждается, что одним из результатов реформ в области высшего образования стало существенное сокращение количества аудиторных часов, отводимых на курс философии, а изучение логики, этики и эстетики, способствующих формированию у будущего учителя высокой культуры мышления, «гражданственности, патриотизма, духовности, гуманности и других человеческих качеств», поставлено в зависимость от предпочтений руководителей образовательных программ. Показывается, что одной из серьезных проблем в преподавании философии остается негативное отношение к этой дисциплине учащихся и преподавателей профильных дисциплин вузов. Формулируются наиболее важные задачи, решение которых могло бы существенным образом изменить ситуацию: повышение активности преподавателей философии на факультетах и в вузе в целом, поиск и использование новых эффективных форм и средств преподавания, внедрение в процесс обучения компьютерных технологий, интернета, укрепление связей преподавателей философии и профильных дисциплин. the article reveals the role of philosophy and other philosophical disciplines in the system of training a future teacher. It is stated that one of the results of reforms in the field of higher education was a significant reduction in the number of classroom hours allocated to the course of philosophy, and the study of logic, ethics and aesthetics that contribute to the formation of a future teacher of a high culture of thinking, «citizenship, patriotism, spirituality, humanity and other human qualities», is dependent on the preferences of educational program managers. It is shown that one of the major problems in teaching philosophy is the negative attitude of students and teachers of specialized disciplines of higher education institutions to this discipline. The most important tasks are formulated, the solution of which could significantly change the situation: increasing the activity of philosophy teachers at the faculties and in the University as a whole, searching for and using new effective forms and means of teaching, introducing computer technologies, the Internet into the learning process, and strengthening the links between philosophy teachers and specialized disciplines.
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Horva´th, Imre, und Jozˇe Duhovnik. „Towards a Better Understanding of the Methodological Characteristics of Engineering Design Research“. In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85715.
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The goal of this paper is to interpret the methodological characteristics of design research. Design science is in a specific epistemic relationship with natural, formal, human, social, and applied sciences. Although design science explores and generates knowledge on its own, these sciences are the major sources of design knowledge. Therefore, design research shares many characteristics with the source sciences, but it also has its own features. First, the platform of reasoning of the study is clarified. Afterwards, the various underpinning philosophical assumptions, and the nature of research conducted in the source sciences and in design science are analyzed. It has been found that the distinguishing characteristics of design research are that it is view-dependent, largely purpose-driven, usually done with a compound focus, normatively instrumental, and strongly influenced by participatory approaches.
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Boutsianis, Evangelos, Thomas Frauenfelder, Hitendu Dave, Jurg Grunenfelder, Simon Wildermuth, Gregor Zund, Marko Turina, Dimos Poulikakos und Yiannis Ventikos. „Cardiovascular Haemodynamic Simulations of Anatomically Accurate Coronaries“. In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42728.
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The present study is devoted to the investigation of the pulsatile blood flow within the first few vessels of the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) vasculature of an anatomically accurate porcine coronary tree. Transient computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed under realistic pulsatile volume inflow boundary conditions. The numerical results have provided a comprehensive collection of information regarding the haemodynamics within the LCA and its major branches, namely the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and the Left Circumflex (LCX) arteries. The underlying principle of developing computational techniques, which would eventually allow for the realistic simulation of the vascular haemodynamics of patients, lies on the capacity of such tools for predictive diagnostics and non-invasive, hence simulation-based, surgical planning.
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Gifu, Daniela. „STOCK PRICE PREDICTIONS“. In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-018.
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E-learning, in most contexts, is becoming a more accessible and efficient method of training through which people could acquire new knowledge. Due the difference between epochs, reading and analysing the growing flow of information has become a very challenging task for financial professionals. It is known that fake news centered on stock price is the most pressing problem each of is facing in a radically altered media landscape. The conventional economic data news is one of the major drivers for financial markets. Moreover, news is becoming a major driver for market sentiment: there can be news related to macro finance. How can we solve some of the challenges of misinformation in the digital age? Visibly, the discontent has been fed by fears of: slowing economic progress, especially in rich societies, flattening social mobility, concerns about the future brought by shifts in technology, etc. This entire situation, fuelled by different fluctuations (e.g. stock price), is acutely expressed online (Social Media networks, journals on economical-financial issues, etc.) by means of popular anger and distrust of elites from financial economic branches. This paper will address the problem of correlating the open information provided by companies, economic publications, and social media rumours with impact on stock price. It includes a wide range of data that can be used for training, testing and evaluation of a model for Romanian. The aim of this study is to implement an innovative service able to predict potential falling or rising of stock prices for public and private companies.
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Hu, Yumeng, Fan Liu, Guoqing Feng und Dongxu Zhang. „Numerical Simulation of Elastic Deformation Based on Peridynamic Differential Operator“. In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19015.
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Abstract The methodology of Peridynamics has been proposed for years and widely used in various engineering fields. The evolution of this theory is always in process, and two major branches appears, namely bond-based and state-based peridynamic method. Recently, a novel concept, peridynamic differential operator, was proposed and adopted in simulation of Newtonian fluid and analysis of structure strength. Just like the intrinsic idea in peridynamic theory, this new operator could convert the partial differential into its integral form so that it would enable the numerical differentiation through integration and avoid difficulties such as discontinuities or singularities encountered in the simulation. Also, unlike the traditional method that the higher order partial differential items are derived from the lower ones, peridynamic differential operator could easily provide differential items with any desired order thus it makes calculation process more efficient and convenient. In this study, the accuracy of peridynamic differential operator is tested by comparing with a given analytical formula. Then, this operator is embedded into the framework of Galerkin method and adopted for elastic deformation analysis in 2D case. The results are compared with those obtained from finite element method and its efficiency and feasibility are verified.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Major branches of philosophical study"
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Ozias-Akins, P., und R. Hovav. molecular dissection of the crop maturation trait in peanut. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134157.bard.
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Crop maturation is one of the most recognized characteristics of peanut, and it is crucial for adaptability and yield. However, not much is known regarding its genetic and molecular control. The goals of this project were to study the molecular-genetic components that control crop maturation in peanut and identify candidate genes. Crop maturation was studied directly by phenotyping the maturity level or through other component traits such as flowering pattern and branching habit. Six different RIL populations (HH, RR, CC, FNC, TGT and FLIC) were used for the genetic analysis. In total, 14 QTLs were found for maturity level. The phenotypic explanation values ranged in 5.3%-18.6%. Common QTL were found between maturity level and harvest index (in RR and CC populations), branching habit (in HH population), flowering pattern/branching rate (in CC and TGT populations) and pod size (in CC population). Further investigations were done to define genes that control maturity level and the component traits. A map-based cloning approach was used to identify a major candidate gene for branching habit - a novel AhMADS-box gene (AhMADS). AhMADS was mainly expressed in the lateral shoot, the organ in which the difference between branching habit occurs. Sequence alignment analysis found SNPs in AhMADS that cause to exon/intron splicing alterations. Overexpression study of AhMADs-box in tobacco under 35S control revealed one line with a spreading-like lateral shoot indicating that AhMADS may be the causing effect of BH and therefore indirectly controls maturity level. In addition, several candidate genes were defined that may control flowering pattern. An RNA expression study was performed on two parental lines, Tifrunner and GT-C20, identifying four candidate genes in the flowering regulatory pathway that were down-regulated at the mainstem (non-flowering) compared to the first (flowering) shoot, indicating their influence on flowering pattern. Also, another candidate gene was identified, Terminal Flowering 1-like (AhTFL1), which was located within a small segment in chromosome B02. A 1492 bp deletion was found in AhTFL1 that completely co-segregates with the flowering pattern phenotype in the CC population and two independent EMS-mutagenized M2 families. AhTFL1 was significantly less expressed in flowering than non-flowering branches. Finally, a field trial showed that an EMS line (B78) mutagenized in AhTFL1 is ~18% days earlier than the control (Hanoch). In conclusion, our study revealed new insights into the molecular basis for the fundamentally important crop maturity trait in peanut. The results generated new information and materials that will promote informed targeting of peanut idiotypes by indirect selection and genomic breeding approaches.