Thematische Bibliographien / Magnetized discharges

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Magnetized discharges“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Magnetized discharges"

Chen, Francis F. „Nonlinear diffusion in magnetized discharges“. Plasma Sources Science and Technology 7, Nr. 4 (01.11.1998): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/7/4/003.

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Chen, Francis F., und Davide Curreli. „Central peaking of magnetized gas discharges“. Physics of Plasmas 20, Nr. 5 (Mai 2013): 057102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4801740.

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Carter, Mark D., Dan Hoffman, Steve Shannon, Philip M. Ryan und D. Buchberger. „Global Modeling of Magnetized Capacitive Discharges“. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 35, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2007): 1413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2007.906124.

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Kim, June Young, Jinyoung Choi, Y. S. Hwang und Kyoung-Jae Chung. „Electric potential in partially magnetized E × B discharges“. AIP Advances 11, Nr. 8 (01.08.2021): 085113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0061693.

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Labun, A. H., C. E. Capjack und H. J. J. Seguin. „Electron dynamics in magnetized CO2laser and He discharges“. Journal of Applied Physics 68, Nr. 8 (15.10.1990): 3935–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346279.

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Winterberg, F. „Laser Compression and Ignition of Z-Pinch Magnetized Dense Fusion Targets“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, Nr. 11-12 (01.12.2000): 909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-11-1213.

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Abstract With thin wire multimegampere shear flow stabilized fast z-pinch discharges, magnetic fields of hundreds of megagauss can be reached in the vicinity of the discharge channel. Then, if by laser-ablation-propulsion pieces of solid DT are simultaneously shot onto the discharge channel from several sides, the DT is compressed upon impact to high densities, with the magnetic field acting as a cushion to make the compression isentropic. The highly compressed and magnetized DT target can then be ignited at one point by a pulsed laser beam launching a thermonuclear detonation wave propagating along the discharge channel. Estimates indicate thermonuclear gains large in comparison to hohlraum targets.

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Houriez, Luc S., Hossein Mehrpour Bernety, Jesse A. Rodríguez, Benjamin Wang und Mark A. Cappelli. „Experimental study of electromagnetic wave scattering from a gyrotropic gaseous plasma column“. Applied Physics Letters 120, Nr. 22 (30.05.2022): 223101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095038.

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We experimentally demonstrate the controlled scattering of incident transverse-electric electromagnetic waves from a gyrotropic magnetized plasma cylindrical discharge. Scattered electromagnetic waves can bend left and right by changing the external magnetic field of a plasma rod. Measured scattered wavefronts are in good agreement with electromagnetic simulations. A gyrotropic response is observed for incident wave frequencies ranging from 3.5 to 5.6 GHz for conditions corresponding to a ratio of cyclotron frequency to plasma frequency, [Formula: see text] 0.16. The observation of a gyrotropic response from cylindrical plasma discharges paves the way for their use as building blocks for future devices such as magnetized plasma photonic crystals, topological insulators, plasma metamaterials, non-reciprocal waveguide structures, and other devices, which require a tunable gyrotropic response from centimeter to meter-scale materials with application-specific geometry.

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Carter, M. D., P. M. Ryan, D. Hoffman, W. S. Lee, D. Buchberger und V. Godyak. „Combined rf and transport effects in magnetized capacitive discharges“. Journal of Applied Physics 100, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2006): 073305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2355436.

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Trieschmann, Jan, Mohammed Shihab, Daniel Szeremley, Abd Elfattah Elgendy, Sara Gallian, Denis Eremin, Ralf Peter Brinkmann und Thomas Mussenbrock. „Ion energy distribution functions behind the sheaths of magnetized and non-magnetized radio frequency discharges“. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, Nr. 8 (01.02.2013): 084016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/8/084016.

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Lampe, M., G. Joyce, W. M. Manheimer und S. P. Slinker. „Quasi-neutral particle simulation of magnetized plasma discharges: general formalism and application to ECR discharges“. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 26, Nr. 6 (1998): 1592–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.747877.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Magnetized discharges"

Dubois, Thibault. „Electron dynamics in crossed-field discharges“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1069.

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Les décharges plasma en champs croisés ont une grande variété d'applications, y compris la propulsion spatiale (les propulseurs de Hall) et le traitement des matériaux (magnétrons planaires). La configuration croisée des champs magnétiques et électriques crée des phénomènes tels que la turbulence plasma et des anisotropies dans les propriétés des particules, dont la compréhension nécessite des informations détaillées sur les électrons. L'étude expérimentale directe de ces caractéristiques contribuerait au développement de simulations numériques de haute fidélité de ces plasmas et à une meilleure compréhension de leur fonctionnement. Un effort de recherche intense a été consacré ces dernières années à l'étude de phénomènes tels que le transport "anormal" d'électrons à travers les lignes de champ, qui dépasse de plusieurs ordres de grandeur le transport attendu par les collisions. L'incompréhension de ce phénomène limite la capacité de prédiction des codes numériques pour les propulseurs et autres dispositifs. Des travaux récents ont cependant établi un lien entre ce transport et les instabilités à haute fréquence dans le plasma. La complexité de ce comportement (propagation 3D, effets de couplage) nécessite le développement de codes numériques performants à trois dimensions, mais aussi des diagnostics avancés pour sonder pour le comportement et les propriétés des électrons. La nature de ces décharges (électrons énergétiques et magnétisés, leur architecture) rend les diagnostics invasifs tels que les sondes de Langmuir limités dans leur capacité à sonder les caractéristiques des électrons. Dans ce travail, deux diagnostics basés sur la diffusion Thomson ont été appliqués : THETIS (diffusion Thomson incohérente), pour mesurer les propriétés individuelles des électrons telles que la température (plus largement, les fonctions de distribution de l'énergie des électrons), la densité et la vitesse de dérive, et PRAXIS (diffusion Thomson cohérente), pour mesurer les fluctuations à petite échelle de la densité des électrons (associées aux ondes MHz). Dans un propulseur à effet Hall de 1,5 kW, l'évolution des propriétés des électrons le long de la direction radiale a été directement mesurée. Une variation radiale, plus marquée pour la température, a été observée. Un modèle de théorie cinétique linéaire a été utilisé pour évaluer la forme de la relation de dispersion correspondant aux conditions de plasma mesurées, et celle-ci a été comparée aux mesures antérieures effectuées avec PRAXIS. Cette analyse a révélé un effet de lissage de la relation de dispersion qui peut être expliqué par la variation des propriétés des électrons le long du volume de mesure. Dans un magnétron planaire HiPIMS, plusieurs conditions de décharge ont été étudiées, avec de l'argon et de l'hélium, pour des courants de pointe allant de 40 A à 600 A. Des caractéristiques résolues en temps, telles que l'anisotropie de la vitesse de dérive, ont été mesurées, et une analyse des contributions aux dérives des particules a été réalisée dans différentes conditions. La théorie cinétique linéaire a été adaptée pour le magnétron. L'application de PRAXIS aux mesures dans le magnétron planaire a révélé la présence de deux instabilités dans le mode HiPIMS, l'une identifiée comme l'instabilité de dérive cyclotronique électronique (ECDI), étudiée dans des travaux antérieurs, et le second mode se propageant à un angle de 45° par rapport à la surface de la cible. Une analyse préliminaire de la perturbation par une simple sonde de Langmuir dans le plasma a également été effectuée sur le magnétron planaire, et il a été observé qu'une augmentation systématique de la vitesse de groupe de l'instabilité se produisait en présence de la sonde. L'application de diagnostics avancés dans le cadre de ce travail a permis une meilleure caractérisation (y compris avec une résolution temporelle élevée) des propriétés et de la dynamique des électrons de ces dispositifs en champs croisés
Crossed-field plasma discharges have a wide variety of applications, including space propulsion (e.g. Hall thrusters) and materials processing (planar magnetrons). The crossed magnetic and electric field configuration creates features such as plasma turbulence and anisotropies in particle properties, the understanding of which require detailed information on electrons. Direct experimental study of these features would contribute to the development of high-fidelity numerical simulations of such plasmas, and to an improved understanding of their operation. An intense research effort has been devoted in recent years to the study of phenomena such as so-called "anomalous" electron transport across the field lines, which exceeds by several orders of magnitude that expected from collisions. The lack of complete understanding of this phenomenon limits the predictive capability of numerical codes for thrusters and other devices. Recent work has, however, established a link between this transport and high-frequency instabilities within the plasma. The complexity of this behavior (3D propagation, coupling effects) requires not only the development of high-performance, full-dimensional numerical codes, but also advanced diagnostics for electron behavior and properties.The nature of these discharges (such as high degrees of electron magnetization and energy, architecture) render invasive diagnostics such as Langmuir probes limited in their capacity to probe electron features. In this work, two diagnostics based on Thomson scattering were applied to the study of such features: THETIS (incoherent Thomson scattering), for measurement of individual electron properties such as temperature (more broadly, electron energy distribution functions), density and drift velocity, while PRAXIS (coherent Thomson scattering), for measurement of small-scale electron density fluctuations (associated with MHz-frequency waves). In a 1.5 kW Hall-effect thruster, the evolution of electron properties along the radial direction was directly measured. A radial variation in the electron properties, most marked for electron temperature, was observed. A linear kinetic theory model was used to evaluate the form of the dispersion relation corresponding to the measured plasma conditions, and this was compared with previous measurements made using PRAXIS. This analysis revealed a smoothing effect of the dispersion relation which could be accounted for due to the variation of electron properties along the characteristic measurement volume dimensions. In a HiPIMS planar magnetron, several discharge conditions were studied, with argon and helium, for peak currents ranging from 40 A to 600 A. Time-resolved features such as anisotropy of the drift velocity were measured, and an analysis of the contributions to the particle drifts was performed under varying conditions. The linear kinetic theory was adapted to the magnetron. The application of PRAXIS to measurements in the planar magnetron revealed the presence of two instabilities in the HiPIMS mode, one identified as the electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI), studied in previous work, and the second mode propagating at an angle of 45° to the target surface. A preliminary analysis of the perturbative influence of a simple Langmuir probe in the plasma was also carried out on the planar magnetron, and it was observed that a systematic increase in the instability group velocity was occurred in the presence of such a probe.The application of advanced electron diagnostics to measurements in this work have enabled an improved characterization (including with high temporal resolution) of the electron properties and dynamics of these crossed-field devices

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Dagtekin, Ebru. „Measurement Of Nonuniform Magnetized Argon Plasma Discharge Parameters“. Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607934/index.pdf.

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Effects of a magnetic field on the double-probe technique are studied experimentally by means of symmetric floating computer controlled fast double probes in low and intermediate pressure plasmas. In addition, the effects of the magnetic field on the electron temperature, electron density, and electric field have been investigated. As it is expected, when there is no magnetic field, properties of the discharge plasma are best described by Langmuir theory. Whereas, when there&rsquo
s a magnetic field of sufficient strength Schottky&rsquo
s theory of ambipolar diffusion applies.

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Bailly-Grandvaux, Mathieu. „Laser-driven strong magnetic fields and high discharge currents : measurements and applications to charged particle transport“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0557/document.

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La problématique de génération de champs magnétiques quasi-statiques intenses constitue un défi pour la physique de l’interaction laser-plasma. Proposé il y a 30 ans, l’utilisation de cibles "boucles" irradiées par laser se distinguent par leur design compact ne nécessitant aucune génération de courant pulsé en plus de la puissance laser et ont dévoilé récemment leur grand potentiel.Ce travail de thèse s’attache à la caractérisation des phénomènes physiques et au développement de cette technique. On a ainsi montré la génération de forts champs magnétiques quasi-statiques par interaction laser-matière (500 J, durée laser de 1 ns et intensité ~10^17 W/cm^2) atteignant une amplitude de plusieurs centaines de Teslas pendant 2 à 3 ns. L'évolution temporelle et la distribution spatiale des champs magnétiques ont été mesurés par trois diagnostics indépendants : sondes B-dot, rotation de Faraday et défléctométrie de protons. La caractérisation des mécanismes physiques sous-jacents ont aussi fait appel à des diagnostics de rayonnements X de la région irradiée par laser ainsi qu’à des mesures d’ombroscopie optique du fil de la boucle en expansion.Une application de ces champs au guidage magnétique d’électrons relativistes dans la matière dense a permis d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives au transport de hautes densités d’énergies dans la matière. En effet, en laissant suffisamment de temps pour que le champ magnétique pénètre dans la cible dense, une amélioration d’un facteur 5 de la densité d’énergie portée par les électrons après 50 µm de propagation a été mise en évidence.En outre, des décharges de courants intenses consécutives à l'irradiation par impulsion laser courtes (50 J, durée laser < 1 ps et intensité ~10^19 W/cm^2) ont été observées. Une imagerie protonique de la décharge a permis de mesurer la propagation d’une onde électromagnétique à des vitesses proches de la vitesse de la lumière. Cette onde d’une durée de ~ 40 ps a été utilisée comme lentille électromagnétique pour focaliser et sélectionner sur une bande étroite d'énergie un faisceau de protons de plusieurs MeV (jusqu’à 12 MeV) passant dans la boucle.Les résultats de ces différentes mesures et applications expérimentales ont été par ailleurs confrontées à des simulations et à des modèles analytiques.Les applications de cette thèse se déploient sur des aspects comme :- la fusion par confinement inertiel, en guidant des faisceaux d'électrons relativistes jusqu'au cœur de la capsule de combustible, tout en confinant les particules qui y déposent leur énergie ainsi que celles créées par les réactions de fusion nucléaire;- l'astrophysique et la planétologie de laboratoire, en générant des sources secondaires de particules énergétiques ou de rayonnement afin de porter la matière dense a de très hautes températures (matière tiède et dense), ou en magnétisant des plasmas pour reproduire des phénomènes astrophysiques à plus petite échelle au laboratoire;- et enfin le contrôle de faisceaux de particules chargées dans le vide pour le développement de sources laser dans le cadre d'applications s'effectuant à distance de la source notamment en science, dans l'industrie, ou même en médecine
The problem of strong quasi-static magnetic field generation is a challenge in laser-plasma interaction physics. Proposed 30 years ago, the use of the laser-driven capacitor-coil scheme, which stands out for its compact design while not needing any additional pulsed power source besides the laser power, only recently demonstrated its potential.This thesis work aims at characterizing the underlying physics and at developing this scheme. We demonstrated the generation of strong quasi-static magnetic fields by laser (500 J, 1 ns-duration and ~10^17 W/cm^2 intensity) of several hundreds of Teslas and duration of 2-3 ns. The B-field space- and time-evolutions were characterized using three independent diagnostics: B-dot probes, Faraday rotation and proton-deflectometry). The characterization of the underlying physical processes involved also X-ray diagnostics of the laser-irradiated zone and optical shadowgraphy of the coil rod expansion.A novel application of externally applied magnetic fields to guide relativistic electron beam in dense matter has been carried out and the obtained results set the ground for improved high-energy-density transport in matter. Indeed, allowing sufficient time for the dense target magnetization, a factor 5 improvement of the electron energy-density flux at 50µm-depth was evidenced.Besides, the generation of high discharge currents consecutive to short laser pulse irradiation (50 J, <1 ps-duration and ~10^19 W/cm^2 intensity) was also pointed out. Proton imaging of the discharge permitted to measure the propagation of an electromagnetic wave at a velocity close to the speed of light. This wave, of ~40ps-duration, was used as an electromagnetic lens to focalize and energy-select a narrow energy range within a multi-MeV proton beam (up to 12 MeV) passing through the coil.All-above experimental measurements and application results were thoroughly compared to both computer simulations and analytic modeling.The applications of this thesis work in a near future will concern:- inertial confinement fusion, by guiding relativistic electron beams up to the dense core nuclear fuel, and by confining particles depositing their energy in it, or even those resulting from the fusion reactions;- laboratory planetology and astrophysics, by generating secondary sources of energetic particles and radiation to reach the warm-dense-matter state or by magnetizing plasmas to reproduce astrophysical phenomena in scaled experiments;- and finally, the control of charged particle beams in vacuum, useful in particular for the development of laser-driven sources for distant applications in science, industry or even medecine

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Jiang, Yuchao. „Quelques problèmes de physique et simulation particulaire de plasmas froids partiellement magnétisés et de sources d'ions“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30057.

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Dans cette thèse, nous illustrons certains des enjeux de la physique et de la modélisation des plasmas partiellement magnétisés avec trois exemples spécifiques qui correspondent aux études en cours au sein du groupe GREPHE du laboratoire LAPLACE: 1) Extraction d'électrons dans les sources d'ions négatifs pour l'injection de faisceaux neutres en fusion 2) Instabilités dans les décharges magnétron et propulseurs à courant de Hall 3) Confinement de plasma par festons magnétiques ("magnetic cusps") - Dans l'étude des sources d'ions négatifs pour la fusion, le groupe GREPHE a pour objectif de mieux comprendre la physique de la source d'ions négatifs, et plus spécifiquement, les questions du transport du plasma à travers le filtre magnétique et de l'extraction des ions négatifs du plasma. L'un des problèmes importants de ces sources d'ions négatifs est de minimiser le courant d'électrons qui sont co-extraits avec les ions négatifs. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur cet aspect et nous essayons de comprendre et de quantifier comment les électrons peuvent être extraits à travers une ouverture de grille quand un "cusp" magnétique est placé devant l'ouverture. Nous discutons, à l'aide de simulations 3D PIC MCC (Particle-In-Cell Monte Carlo Collisions), les contributions des différentes dérives électroniques (dérive ExB, dérive Grad B et dérive de courbure) et des instabilités à l'extraction d'électrons à travers une ouverture de la grille. - Les propulseurs à courant de Hall et les décharges magnétron sont des dispositifs cylindriques à champs croisés (ExB, champ magnétique B radial et champ électrique E axial). On sait depuis longtemps que des instabilités sont présentes dans ces décharges, conduisant à un transport d'électrons anormal important. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur un type particulier d'instabilité (non-uniformité en rotation, ou "rotating spoke"), qui est présent dans les propulseurs à courant de Hall et les décharges de magnétron et qui apparaît dans les expériences comme une non-uniformité lumineuse se déplaçant dans la direction azimutale. Dans ce travail, nous utilisons une simulation 2D PIC MCC pour effectuer une étude paramétrique de cette instabilité. Nous montrons que, dans certaines conditions où ces non-uniformités ont été observées dans les expériences, la dérive des électrons Grad B joue un rôle majeur dans le chauffage des électrons et dans la formation et l'entretien de ces "rotating spokes". [...]
In this thesis we will illustrate some of the issues in the physics and modeling of partially magnetized plasmas with three specific examples that correspond to ongoing studies in the GREPHE group of the LAPLACE laboratory: 1) Electron extraction in negative ion sources for neutral beam injection in fusion 2) Instabilities in magnetron discharges and Hall thrusters 3) Plasma confinement by magnetic cusps - In the study of negative ion sources for fusion, the aim of the GREPHE group is to better understand the physics of the negative ion source, and more specifically, the questions of plasma transport across the magnetic filter and of negative ion extraction from the plasma. One of the important issues in these negative ion sources is to minimize the current of electrons that are co-extracted with the negative ions. In this thesis we focus on this aspect and we try to understand and quantify how electrons can be extracted through a grid aperture when a magnetic cusp is placed in front of the aperture. We discuss, with the help of 3D PIC MCC (Particle-In-Cell Monte Carlo Collisions) simulations, the contributions of different electron drifts (ExB drift, Grad B drift and curvature drift) and instabilities to electron extraction through a grid aperture.- Hall thrusters and magnetron discharges are ExB cylindrical devices with radial magnetic field and axial electric field. It has been known for a long time that instabilities are present in these discharges, leading to important anomalous electron transport. In this thesis we focus on one particular type of instability, called "rotating Spoke", which is known to be present in Hall thrusters and magnetron discharges and is apparent in the experiments as a luminous non-uniformity rotating in the azimuthal direction. In this work we use a 2D PIC MCC simulation to perform a parametric study of this instability. We show that, in some conditions where rotating spokes have been observed in the experiments, Grad B electron drift plays a major role in electron heating and in the formation and maintenance of the rotating spokes.- Magnetic cusps have been used for more than 60 years to confine the plasma in a large variety of conditions. An important parameter characterizing plasma confinement by cusps is the effective loss area in the presence of magnetic cusps. Some semi-empirical theories have been proposed to quantify the effective loss area and their predictions have been compared with numerous experimental results. In spite of these efforts there is no fully reliable expression of the effective wall loss as a function of different parameters such as magnetic field, electron temperature, ion mass, gas pressure, etc... We describe in this thesis an attempt at obtaining scaling laws for the effective loss width of magnetic cusps, based on 2D PIC MCC simulations

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Caneses, Marin Juan Francisco. „Helicon wave propagation and plasma equilibrium in high-density hydrogen plasma in converging magnetic fields“. Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/105038.

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In this thesis, we investigate wave propagation and plasma equilibrium in MAGPIE, a helicon based linear plasma device constructed at the Australian National University, to study plasma-material interactions under divertor-relevant plasma conditions. We show that MAGPIE is capable of producing low temperature (1–8 eV) high density hydrogen plasma (2–3×10^19 m-3) with 20 kW of RF power when the confining magnetic field is converging. The original research herein described comprises: (1) Characterization of hydrogen plasma in MAGPIE, (2) Analysis of the RF compensation of double Langmuir probes, (3) Excitation, propagation and damping of helicon waves in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields and (4) Steady-state force balance and equilibrium profiles in MAGPIE. We develop an analytical model of the physics of floating probes to describe and quantify the RF compensation of the DLP technique. Experimental validation for the model is provided. We show that (1) whenever finite sheath effects are important, overestimation of the ion density is proportional to the level of RF rectification and suggest that (2) electron temperature measurements are weakly affected. We develop a uniform plasma full wave code to describe wave propagation in MAGPIE. We show that under typical MAGPIE operating conditions, the helical antenna is not optimized to couple waves in the plasma; instead, the antenna’s azimuthal current rings excites helicon waves which propagate approximately along the whistler wave ray direction, constructively interfere on-axis and lead to the formation of an axial interference pattern. We show that helicon wave attenuation can be explained entirely through electron-ion and electron-neutral collisions. Results from a two-dimensional full wave code reveal that RF power deposition is axially non-uniform with both edge and on-axis components associated with the TG and helicon wave respectively. Finally, force balance analysis in MAGPIE using a two-fluid “Braginskii” type formalism shows that the electron fluid exists in a state of dynamic (flowing) equilibrium between the electric, pressure and thermal forces. The pressure gradient, driven by the non-uniform RF heating, accelerates the plasma into the target region to velocities close to the ion sound speed. From the measured axial plasma flux we find that the plasma column in MAGPIE can be divided into an ionizing and a recombining region. For the conditions investigated, a large fraction of the plasma created in the ionizing region is lost in the recombining region and only a small fraction reaches the end of the device. The equilibrium plasma density along the length of MAGPIE can be quantitatively explained using a 1D transport calculation which includes volumetric particle sources and magnetic compression. We show that the plasma is transported, by the electron pressure gradient, from under the antenna (0.5×10^19 m-3) into the target region where it reaches maximum density (2-3×10^19 m-3). Using the results herein presented, this thesis explores the relationship between the RF power deposition in MAGPIE, parallel plasma transport and the production of high density plasma in the target region.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Magnetized discharges"

Margot, J., M. Chaker, M. Moisan, L. St-Onge, F. Bounasri, A. Dallaire und E. Gat. „Magnetized Surface-Wave Discharges for Submicrometer Pattern Transfer“. In Plasma Processing of Semiconductors, 491–513. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5884-8_24.

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Binwal, S., J. K. Joshi, S. K. Karkari und L. Nair. „Electrical Discharge Characteristics of Magnetized Capacitive Coupled Plasma“. In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 603–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97604-4_94.

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Kuo, S. C., und E. E. Kunhardt. „Monte-Carlo Simulation of Electron Properties in a Magnetized Microwave Discharge“. In Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials - Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials – ADC '91 Auburn, Alabama, U.S.A., August 17–22, 1991, 615–19. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89162-4.50100-7.

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Astuti, Widi, Triastuti Sulistyaningsih, Dhoni Hartanto, Irene Nindita Pradnya, Khoiriyah Rahmawati und Kusnia Kusnia. „Betung Bamboo-Based Magnetic Biochar for Dye Removal“. In Food Sustainability, Environmental Awareness, and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Developing Countries, 137–50. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5629-3.ch008.

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Water is one of the vital resources of human life. The rapid development of the industrial sector in developing countries is one of the main factors that contribute to water pollution, due to a lack of environmental awareness. Therefore, it is very important to remove the pollutants from industrial wastewater before being discharged into water bodies. Adsorption using inexpensive and high availability materials such as magnetic biochar is a promising alternative. Embedding magnetite (Fe3O4) into biochar not only aims to solve the separating problem, but also to strengthen the adsorption performance of the biochar. This book chapter introduces the preparation and characterization of magnetic biochar derived from betung bamboo. Furthermore, a discussion was conducted to provide a perspective on the use of magnetic biochar in adsorption technology, particularly in the removal of dyes in an aqueous solution. Finally, the isotherm models for the magnetic biochar-dye system are discussed at the end of this chapter.

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Leys, Clyde, Adam Schwarz, Mark Cloos, Sugeng Widodo, J. Richard Kyle und Julius Sirait. „Chapter 29: Grasberg Copper-Gold-(Molybdenum) Deposit: Product of Two Overlapping Porphyry Systems“. In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 599–620. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.29.

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Abstract The supergiant Grasberg porphyry deposit in Papua, Indonesia (5.26 Gt @ 0.61% Cu and 0.57 g/t Au, with no cutoff applied) is hosted by the Grasberg Igneous Complex that fills an upward-flared diatreme ~1,800 m wide at the 4,250-m surface elevation. The Grasberg Igneous Complex is emplaced into folded and strike-slip faulted Tertiary and older sediments and comprises 3.6 to 3.3 Ma Dalam monzodiorite intrusions and subordinate volcanic rocks occupying much of the pipe, the central 3.2 Ma Main Grasberg intrusion, and the NW-SE-trending 3.2 to 3.0 Ma Kali dikes. The Grasberg Igneous Complex contains two porphyry systems: Gajah Tidur copper-(molybdenum) and Main Grasberg copper-gold. The Gajah Tidur intrusion belongs to the Dalam igneous group and is a 3.4 Ma porphyritic monzonite with its top at a 2,750-m elevation; it is overprinted by an extensive, domal, quartz stockwork, with a low-grade and intensely phyllic-altered core, surrounded by molybdenite-bearing veins, with a pre-Main Grasberg Re-Os age, as well as chalcopyrite and overprinting pyrite-covellite veins. The strongly potassic-altered, Main Grasberg monzodiorite porphyry extends from surface to the 2,700-m elevation and is overprinted by a cylindrical, ~1-km-diameter, intense quartz-magnetite stockwork cut by abundant chalcopyrite-bornite veins with rare molybdenite dated at 3.09 Ma. A 700-m-wide annulus of chalcopyrite overprinted by pyrite-covellite-mineralized phyllic alteration surrounds the stockwork. Altered and mineralized Main Grasberg and surrounding Dalam rocks were subsequently wedged apart by the largely unmineralized Kali dikes. Gold is predominantly associated with the Main Grasberg porphyry system where it occurs as 1- to 150-µm (avg ~15 µm) native gold inclusions within chalcopyrite and bornite. Melt and fluid inclusions from Main Grasberg stockwork quartz veins, which exhibit crack-seal textures, comprise K-feldspar-rich silicate melt, sulfide melt, virtually water-free salt melt, and coexisting hypersaline and vapor-rich fluids. Factors important in forming the Grasberg deposit include the following: (1) generation of highly oxidized fertile magma in a postsubduction tectonic setting; (2) efficient extraction of metals from the parental magma chamber; (3) prolonged maintenance of a fluid-accumulating cupola in a strike-slip structural setting that delivered multiple overlapping discharges of metal-rich fluid; (4) highly focused fluid flow into a narrow, permeable stockwork zone in which a steep temperature gradient enabled highly efficient copper and gold precipitation and led to high ore grades; (5) limited dilution by postmineral intrusions; (6) the youthfulness of the deposit minimized erosion and resulted in preservation of nearly all the high-grade Main Grasberg porphyry orebody; and (7) the proximity of the two porphyry centers enables them to be mined as a single, large deposit. The Gajah Tidur copper-(molybdenum) and Main Grasberg copper-gold porphyry centers overlap in space and formed within ~250,000 years of one another. However, their distinct metal endowment, depth of emplacement, and geometry indicate that they formed under different magmatic, hydrothermal, and structural conditions, which are the subject of ongoing research.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Magnetized discharges"

Trieschmann, Jan, Mohammed Shihab, Daniel Szeremley, Abd Elfattah Elgendy, Sara Gallian, Denis Eremin, Ralf Peter Brinkmann und Thomas Mussenbrock. „Ion energy distribution functions in magnetized capacitively coupled RF discharges“. In 2013 IEEE 40th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2013.6634888.

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Land, Victor. „Dust Transport And Force Equilibria In Magnetized Dusty DC Discharges“. In NEW VISTAS IN DUSTY PLASMAS: Fourth International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2134650.

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Ryan, P. M. „RF Power Coupling And Plasma Transport Effects In Magnetized Capacitive Discharges“. In RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS: 16th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2098528.

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Zolotukhin, Denis, Keir Daniels und Michael Keidar. „The Onset of the Magnetized Pulsed Vacuum Arc: a Promising Way for High Efficiency Propulsion“. In 2021 29th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdeiv46977.2021.9587329.

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Martin, E. H., S. C. Shannon und J. B. O. Caughman. „Experimental measurements of the dynamic electric field topology associated with magnetized RF sheaths in hydrogen and helium discharges“. In 2012 IEEE 39th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2012.6384077.

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Bernety, Hossein Mehrpour, Luc Houriez, Jesse A. Rodriguez, Benjamin Wang und Mark A. Cappelli. „Electromagnetic Scattering from a Magnetized Plasma Discharge Tube“. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/USNC-URSI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ap-s/usnc-ursi47032.2022.9886630.

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Cappelli, M., E. Chesta und N. Gascon. „Numerical study of instabilities in a magnetized Hall discharge“. In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3324.

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Cramer, N. F. „Space charge modes in the magnetized discharge with dust“. In NEW VISTAS IN DUSTY PLASMAS: Fourth International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2134690.

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Kawashima, Rei, Zhexu Wang, Amareshwara Sainadh Chamarthi, Hiroyuki Koizumi und Kimiya Komurasaki. „Hyperbolic System Approach for Magnetized Electron Fluids in ExB Discharge Plasmas“. In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0175.

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Kovacic, Jernej, Lino Salamon, Gabrijela Ikovic, Tomaz Gyergyek und Boris Fonda. „Ball-Pen Probe Diagnostics Of A Weakly Magnetized Discharge Plasma Column“. In 1st EPS conference on Plasma Diagnostics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.240.0052.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Magnetized discharges"

Lampe, Martin, Glenn Joyce, Wallace M. Manheimer und Steven P. Slinker. Quasineutral Particle Simulation of Magnetized Plasma Discharges: General Formalism and Application to ECR Discharges. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328243.

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