Dissertationen zum Thema „Lusitania (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)“

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The aim of this study is to analyze the colonial project of the Portuguese-African Society in Rio de Janeiro through the analysis of the twenty editions of its Bulletin (1931-1939), as well as books, booklets and other types of publication made by the members of the Society. In order to do so, we initially investigate the conditions from which the “imperial nationalism”, of which the Bulletin is a strong expression, emerged. In the following chapters, we seek to understand the many peculiarities of the Bulletin by evidencing the trajectory of the Portuguese-African Society in Rio de Janeiro in its two main moments: from the veiled criticism to the Salazar government and the search for a strong “panluso coalition” (1931-1934), to the rejection of the Estado Novo in the final years of the Bulletin (1935-1939). We grasp these transformations by inspecting varied sources, mainly the editorials of the Bulletin. Next, we explore the political senses of the “pan-lusitanism” within the larger logic of the “pan-ethinicisms”, also discussing the pan-lusitan discourse shown in the “Cartilha Colonial” by Augusto Casimiro and in the Bulletin. After that, we analyze the colonial project of the republican military-administrators and correspondent members of the Society, emphasizing the criticism these people made to the colonial practices of the Salazarism and the idealized mirroring in the “Norton de Matos model”. Finally, we investigate the relationship between the historiography of colonialism and the Africanist studies with the ideology of “imperial vocation”, present in the hegemonic colonial knowledge in the 30s. All in all, the careful examination of the discourse of the Bulletin and other publications by the Society allow us to visualize the particularities of the republican colonialism in the middle of the Salazarist political hegemony in the 30s. This discourse can be considered a vanguard of the colonial reformism, which will become stronger in the 50s. The defeat of the project of the colonial reformism in the 30s is an expression of the fact that, in times of Estados Novos, the “democratic” rhetoric (even if restricted to discourse) has no place.
Nosso objetivo principal nessa tese é analisar o projeto colonial da Sociedade LusoAfricana do Rio de Janeiro, tendo como fonte primordial de estudo os vinte volumes do seu Boletim (1931-1939), como também os livros, cartilhas e outras produções oriundas dos membros da Sociedade. Para realizar esse intento, num primeiro momento (capítulo I) analisamos as condições de emergência do “nacionalismo imperial” do qual o boletim é somente uma das expressões. Nos outros quatro capítulos, buscamos entender as diversas especificidades do Boletim. No capítulo II evidenciamos a trajetória da Sociedade Luso-Africana do Rio de Janeiro em suas duas grandes fases: da crítica velada ao salazarismo e a busca por uma grande “coalização panlusa” (1931-1934) até a repulsa ao Estado Novo dos últimos anos (1935-1939), apreendendo essas transformações a partir de diversas fontes, mas primordialmente através dos editoriais do Boletim. No III capítulo buscamos explorar os sentidos políticos do “panlusitanismo” no seio do contexto mais global dos “pan-etnicismos”, abordando também a partir do boletim e da obra “Cartilha Colonial”, de Augusto Casimiro” o discurso panlusitano. A frente, no capítulo IV, fizemos uma análise do projeto colonial dos gestoresmilitares republicanos e sócio-correspondentes da Sociedade Luso-Africana do Rio de Janeiro, dando ênfase as críticas que estes faziam às práticas coloniais do salazarismo e o espelhamento idealizado no “modelo Norton de Matos”. Por fim, no capítulo V, perscrutamos as relações entre a historiografia do colonialismo e os estudos africanistas com um ideário de “vocação imperial” tão presente no saber colonial hegemônico nos anos 30. Em suma, o exame destes discursos permitem visualizar no seio do Boletim, e das publicações da Sociedade, a particularidade do colonialismo republicano em meio à hegemonia política salazarista nos anos 30. Estes irão ser uma vanguarda do reformismo colonial que só ganha força nos anos 50. A derrota do seu projeto nos anos 30 é uma expressão de que em tempos de Estados Novos a retórica “democrática” (mesmo que restrita ao discurso) não tinha espaço.

Evidence of Holocene sea-level changes along the Rio de Janeiro State Coast, and for the evolution of coastal lagoons and barriers in response to these sea- level movements, has been examined using stratigraphical and micropalaeontological techniques, radiocarbon dating and published data. Present-day diatom death assemblages have been studied in order to facilitate the interpretation of fossil assemblages, which has inter aha permitted the development of a simple statistical technique for the evaluation of the allochthonous diatom component. Modern lagoonal tide- gauge data have been used to establish a relationship between lagoonal water levels and tidal levels on the open coast. Evidence is presented which indicates that barriers which were previously believed to date from the mid-Holocene formed during the 'Last' Interglacial. The history of true Holocene barriers has been shown to be relatively complex, with some barriers having migrated by over-stepping and others by continous shoreface retreat. The published Holocene sea-level maximum for Rio de Janeiro State of -t- 4.8 m at 5100 BP is considered to be in error (approximately 3.0 m too high at this time) and a maximum Holocene sea level of -t- 3.0 m at c. 4000 BP is preferred. The evidence for sea-level maxima in other parts of Brazil at 5150 BP and for the migration of the geoid surface during the Holocene is questioned and shown to require further study. It is tentatively suggested that there may be evidence for an interglacial sea-level high at c. 35000 BP in Rio de Janeiro State.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O potencial da energia solar para a geração de energia elétrica no mundo é sem dúvida o maior dos potenciais das fontes energéticas renováveis, com uma capacidade de produção de eletricidade estimada em 745,8 TWh por ano. Embora não seja responsável por uma parte significativa da matriz elétrica mundial, o crescimento do setor fotovoltaico no mundo é notável. A capacidade instalada mundial de centrais fotovoltaicas cresceu 39 por cento no ano 2013. Os mapas mundiais de radiação solar mostram que aqueles que mais investem em energia solar fotovoltaica não são necessariamente aqueles cujo território recebe a maior quantidade deste recurso. O Brasil, com um grande potencial solar, confirmado por diversos levantamentos, não é um dos principais produtores de eletricidade a partir de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Este setor no Brasil é ainda incipiente, porém, uma das estratégias do país para promover a implementação de sistemas fotovoltaicos é um mecanismo de net metering para mini e micro produtores. Diversos especialistas afirmam que esta estratégia poderia gerar um grande volume de empreendimentos em pequena e média escala nos próximos anos. Este trabalho fornece uma ferramenta de informação sobre a radiação solar no estado do Rio de Janeiro, conformada por mapas de radiação solar global e dados de anos meteorológicos típicos. Com base nos dados gerados, realizaram-se simulações para estimar a radiação solar incidente e a eletricidade produzida por painéis fotovoltaicos em diferentes configurações fixas e com rastreamento. Avaliaram-se os ganhos e perdas ocasionados por cada configuração em relação a configuração horizontal.
Solar energy potential for electricity generation undoubtedly surmounts the potential of all the other renewable energy sources, with an estimated electricity production capacity of 745.8 TWh per year. Albeit solar energy does not account for a significant share of the world electricity matrix, the growth of the photovoltaic market in the world is remarkable: the installed PV capacity increased in 39 percent on 2013. Nevertheless, the world maps of solar radiation show that the countries that invest the most in solar photovoltaic energy are not necessarily the ones that receive the highest solar radiation. Brazil, with an important solar potential, confirmed by diverse assessments, is not one of the main producers of PV-generated electricity. The PV-market in Brazil is still immature, however, one of the strategies of the Government to promote the implementation of PV systems is a net metering mechanism for mini and micro producers. Different specialists claim that this strategy could generate a big volume of new endeavors in small and medium scale in the next years. This study provides information tools about solar radiation in Rio de Janeiro. It comprises maps of global solar radiation in horizontal surfaces and Typical Meteorological Year data sets. Simulations were performed based on the generated data to estimate the incident solar radiation and the electricity produced by PV systems in different fixed and tracking configurations. The gains and losses caused by each configuration with respect to the horizontal configuration were evaluated.

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This work project studies Origama and its internationalization process to Brazil, specifically to Rio de Janeiro. Origama is a Portuguese start up succeeding in the beach products market and aiming to expand to international markets, in the quest for growth and sustainability. The key success factors in the domestic market were identified and compared with the foreign factors in order to investigate what were the barriers to entry and possible solutions to overcome them. The market research conducted aims at understanding the suitability of their product in the Brazilian culture and thus to determine the best mode of entry and develop a marketing strategy.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR
A presente tese está inserida no campo dos estudos da cidade, que dialoga, necessariamente, com temas fronteiriços das ciências sociais, história, antropologia e sociologia urbana, da geografia cultural e do urbanismo. Sua perspectiva é a da longa duração, em chave macroestrutural, e busca aproximações entre a produção acadêmica e as políticas públicas urbanas. O tema aqui pesquisado é a Avenida Brasil, no Rio de Janeiro, as disputas envolvendo seu processo de construção ainda na primeira metade do século XX, o sentido da expansão da cidade para o subúrbio, a aposta no fluxo citadino via transporte rodoviário, a execução de políticas públicas para a produção de moradias das camadas populares em seu entorno, sua ocupação territorial e caracterização como símbolo de uma cidade injusta em que impera a desigualdade social. Analisar a Avenida Brasil é também olhar para o subúrbio, objeto periférico dos estudos sobre a cidade. A ocupação desta faixa da cidade por indústrias e moradias populares, logo resultaram em expansão das favelas na cidade, assim como a necessidade pela luta e publicização da demanda de seus moradores por melhores condições de vida.
The present thesis is inserted in the field of cities studies, which necessarily dialogues with frontier themes of social sciences, history, anthropology and urban sociology, cultural geography and urbanism. Its perspective is the long duration, in a macro-structural framework, and seeks to approximate academic production and urban public policies. The theme studied here is the Avenida Brasil, in Rio de Janeiro, the disputes involving its construction process in the first half of the twentieth century, the sense of expansion of the city to the suburb, the believes on the city flow through road transport, execution of public policies for the production of social housing for the popular strata in their surroundings, their territorial occupation and characterization as a symbol of an unjust city in which social inequality reigns. Analyzing the Avenida Brasil is also looking at the suburb, a peripheral object of cities studies. The occupation of this strip of the city by industries and popular housing soon resulted in the expansion of favelas in the city, as well as the need to fight and publicize the demand of its residents for better living conditions.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Na presente dissertação, comparamos os republicanismos português e brasileiro em Lisboa e no Rio de Janeiro, sedes de suas respectivas Cortes. Impulsionados pela efervescência política e influenciados pelas novas escolas de pensamento, os republicanos estabeleceram suas bases a partir de 1870 e tiveram destacada atuação política até a proclamação da república em 1889 no Brasil, e a malsucedida revolução republicana em 1891 em Portugal. A comparação entre os dois republicanismos fez-se no sentido de analisar a atuação política dos movimentos republicanos diante dos conflitos políticos em que estavam envolvidos e observar o sistema de valores, normas e crenças que os republicanos compartilhavam, tendo em vista a leitura que faziam do passado, assim como as suas aspirações para o futuro. Também analisamos as relações que os republicanos de ambos os países estabeleceram entre si. Para empreender a pesquisa utilizamos a imprensa republicana como objeto e fonte de análise, sendo que a observação dos jornais, manifestos e programas republicanos foi subsidiada pela consulta a dicionários de época e a historiografia de maneira geral. Na análise do material utilizamos a história dos conceitos como método especializado de críticas de fonte, ao observarmos o emprego de conceitos-chave e o significado que república, democracia, federação, entre outros termos adquiriram no discurso republicano. A pesquisa demonstrou que as relações entre os republicanos brasileiros e portugueses era de solidariedade entre os “povos irmãos” e que os mesmos compartilhavam valores democráticos e visões sobre o passado, mas tinham projetos políticos distintos.
This Master’s thesis aims at comparing Portuguese and Brazilian republican movements through an analysis of its capitals, Lisboa and Rio de Janeiro. Driven by political effervescence and guided by new schools of thought, the republicans have established themselves as a respectful force from 1870 onwards, and have had a highlighted political participation until Brazil’s Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and the unsuccessful republican revolution in 1891 Portugal. The aforementioned comparison is proposed as a close observation of republican movements when faced with difficult political conflicts, which could provide a fresh view of their shared system of values, standards and beliefs, major channels for their perceptions of the past and aspirations for the future. Moreover, we analysed the ties that linked both movements. Our research was chiefly conducted with a cautious read of the republican press, understood as a source and as an object. On the whole, we also paid attention to republican programs, manifestos, XIX century dictionaries, always in contrast to the current historiography. We defined that the best method of reading and critique would be the history of concepts, which is used when we take a look at key concepts and therefore the meaning that words such as “república”, “democracia”, “federação”, among others, conveyed in the republican discourse. In conclusion, the research shows that Brazilian and Portuguese republicans reinforced mutual solidarity, considering themselves “brotherly peoples”, even though this sharing of democratic values and visions of the past did not result in identical political projects.

The police of Rio de Janeiro had an important role in the reform of the city in the early twentieth century. The impetus to build a modem city influenced elite intellectuals to try to reform the police in the modem, scientific fashion. After the first wave of reforms receded, the police was abandoned to a less prominent role, and left without resources to carryon the modernising process, resulting in the need to develop their own methods of work derived from their daily experience. The main purpose of this thesis is to look closely at daily police activity, trying to show how policemen developed their ways of viewing the world and their procedures from the experiences they faced. From their contacts with state administrators, in the figure of the Chief of Police, with members of the elite. and with the vast majority of poor citizens, policemen began to define the extent and limits of their power, building their place in the networks of patronage and authority that permeated Rio's society. They had to combine an unchecked power to deal with those they classified as the criminal classes, composed of the dispossessed, and an attitude of subservience to the powerful, in a pattern that characterises twentieth-century policing in Rio de Janeiro.

Although social research on sexuality is growing in Latin America, studies into tolerance are scarce. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between queer male practices and tolerance amongst a group of gay, bisexual and travesti men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To explore this issue 83 men were interviewed and ethnographic research was carried out with the gay rights organisation Arco-Íris and AIDS organisation ABIA. Whilst current literature generally positions the queer community as requiring tolerance from an intolerant society, this study suggests that intolerance of certain gendered and sexualised behaviours is produced within the queer community and affects queer male behaviours. It is suggested that factors such as race, class, religious belief and notions of beauty, style and respect influence the construction and experience of various sites across the city, such as the home, the workplace, the gay scene and the street as tolerant and intolerant. Current work is expanded through exploring the relationship between gendered and sexualised behaviours and (in)tolerance in understudied spaces, such as LGBT organisations, religious spaces and online communities. It is argued that future work must consider the way in which tolerance and intolerance function within the queer community as this study has done, rather than relying on taken-for-granted assumptions that intolerance towards queers originates from those outwith the queer community.

Sustainable waste management remains a great challenge for many cities throughout the world. Landfilling is worldwide the most common way of treating municipal solid waste (MSW) and landfilling of organic matter releases the high potent gas methane, which contributes to global warming. If the biogas instead is collected, either from landfills or produced in a more optimal and controlled environment, it can be used as a fuel to substitute fossil fuels. In this thesis, these sorts of systems are referred to as biogas solutions. In Brazil, the eight largest economy in the world and by far the largest economy in Latin America, landfilling of MSW is essentially the only way MSW is disposed of. Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, have had long issues with waste management, with up until 2012 deposing waste to one of the largest open landfills in the world. This study was done in collaboration with Biogas Research Center (BRC): a national biogas competence center with interests in the Brazilian biogas sector as well as contacts with the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, as Swedish organic waste management practices are globally in the front edge, the Swedish perspective of waste management combined with local knowledge, could be valuable to find more efficient means of managing residues. Before initiating an actual biogas project, it is reasonable to perform an early assessment. This thesis aimed to perform an early assessment of the biogas sector in Rio, which was carried out by utilizing a multi-criteria framework. The framework consists of four categories (potential, feasibility, economic- and environmental performance), 14 key areas and 59 sub-questions, which helped gather, structure and assess information. An eight-week field study in Rio de Janeiro was part of the study. The results show that no full separation of organic content is performed as source in Rio, which is why the study included the waste streams of mixed MSW (disposed in landfills) and partly sorted organic waste (approximately 85 % organic content; referred to as Waste with High Organic Content, WHOC). Sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants was excluded from the study to enable a focus on MSW. Potential and feasibility are significantly higher for MSW compared to WHOC, although the authors argue WHOC (or even fully sorted organic waste) have substantial growth opportunities. The landfill receives approximately 1.2 million tonnes of organic wet waste per year and provides a biogas yield of 140 million Nm3 / year (50 – 55 % CH4); whereas 26 – 42 thousand tonnes of dry matter (DM) per year can be collected from WHOC, with a biogas yield potential of 6.6 – 19.5 million Nm3 / year (55 – 63 % CH4). The feasibility analysis showed that all key areas – competing applications, legislation and infrastructure – except economic instruments, are better rated for biogas production from MSW compared to WHOC. The most feasible area of use for the biogas in Rio de Janeiro was deemed to inject the gas in into the grid. The indicated environmental performance shows that injection of biogas to the gas grid reduces GHG emissions with 68 %; and for every tonne of DM digestate, approximately 8 kg phosphorous and 36 kg nitrogen can be replaced. The economic performance shows that biogas production from the landfill is more cost-efficient than from a bioreactor, however none of the biogas productions in Rio de Janeiro is profitable, which usually is expected of a waste management system. The study concludes with identifying several challenges the biogas sector in Rio will be facing: a lack of supply of biogas and no plan in action for increasing demand; economic challenges indicating need for investment support; and a lack of value chain for biofertilizers. The results of the study can hopefully provide stakeholders with a better understanding of opportunities and challenges with biogas solutions in Rio de Janeiro municipality, that ultimately can increase the chance for successful implementation in the region.
Hållbar avfallshantering är fortsatt en stor utmaning för många städer runtom i världen. Deponering är globalt sett det vanligaste sättet att göra sig av med fast kommunalt avfall och deponering av organiskt avfall avger den potenta gasen metan, som bidrar till global uppvärmning. Om biogasen istället samlas upp, antingen från deponin eller produceras i en mer optimal miljö, kan gasen istället användas som bränsle för att substituera fossila bränslen. I denna rapport kallas denna typen av system för biogaslösningar. I Brasilien, världens åttonde största ekonomin och den avsevärt största ekonomin i Latinamerika, hanteras fast kommunalt avfall i princip endast genom deponering. Rio de Janeiro, Brasiliens nästa största stad, har länge haft problem med avfallshantering, som fram tills 2012 slängde allt sitt avfall i en av världens största öppna deponier. Denna studie genomfördes i samarbete med Biogas Research Center (BRC): ett nationellt kompetenscenter inom biogas med intresse av den Brasilianska biogassektorn, samt med kontakter till det federala universitetet i Rio. Eftersom Sverige ur ett globalt perspektiv ligger i framkant vad gäller hantering av organiskt avfall, kan den svenska synvinkeln av avfallshantering kombinerat med lokal kunskap vara värdefull för att hitta effektivare avfallshanteringssystem. Innan man genomför ett skarp biogasprojekt är det klokt att göra en förstudie. Denna uppsats syftar till att genomföra en förstudie av biogassektorn i Rio de Janeiro, som uträttades med hjälp av ett multi-kriterieramverk. Ramverket består av fyra kategorier (potential, genomförbarhet, samt ekonomisk- och miljömässig prestanda), 14 nyckelområden samt 59 underfrågor. Ramverket användes för att assistera i insamlandet, strukturerandet och utvärderandet av information. En fältstudie på åtta veckor i Rio de Janeiro var en del av studien. Resultatet visar att ingen fullständig separering av organiskt avfall sker i Rio, vilket är orsaken till att studien inkluderar avfallsströmmarna blandat kommunalt avfall (som deponeras; benämns MSW) och delvis sorterat organiskt avfall (innehåller 85 % organiskt innehåll; benämns WHOC). Avloppsslam exkluderades från studien för att fokusera på fast kommunalt avfall. Potentialen och genomförbarheten är markant högre för MSW jämfört med WHOC, dock skall det understrykas att tillväxtpotentialen för WHOC är stor vilket ej framgår av siffrorna. Deponin mottager årligen nära 1.2 miljoner ton organiskt avfall (inkl. vatten) som ger en biogasutdelning på 140 miljoner Nm3 / år (50 – 55 % CH4); medan WHOC har en potential på 26 – 42 tusen ton (torrvikt) per år med en biogasutdelning på 6.6 – 19.5 miljoner Nm3 / år (55 – 63 % CH4). Genomförbarhetsanalysen för avfallsströmmarna visade att alla nyckelområden förutom ekonomiska instrument var värderade högre för MSW jämfört med WHOC. Studien visar vidare att det mest genomförbara användningsområdet för biogasen är injektion till gasnätet. Miljömässiga prestandan visar att substituering av naturgas med biogas kan sänka växthusgasutsläpp med 68 %, och för varje ton (torrvikt) av rötrester kan ca 8 kg fosfor och 36 kg kväve ersättas. Ekonomiska prestandan visar att biogasproduktion från deponi är mer kosteffektivt än i en bioreaktor, samt att ingen av biogaslösningarna är lönsamma, vilket kan väntas av en avfallshanteringslösning. Studien avslutas med att identifiera en rad utmaningar som biogassektorn i Rio ställs inför: en avsaknad på tillgång av biogas och ingen aktiv plan för att öka produktionen; ekonomiska utmaningar som indikerar ett behov av investeringsstöd; en brist på värdekedja för biogödsel. Resultatet av studien kan förhoppningsvis ge intressenter en bättre förståelse för vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som biogaslösningar ställs inför i Rio de Janeiro kommun – som i förlängningen kan öka möjligheterna för framgångsrika implementeringar av biogasprojekt i regionen.

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A dissertação baseia-se em pesquisa exploratória, discorrendo sobre o período em que a imagem fotográfica começa a ser incorporada pela imprensa periódica ilustrada da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, fazem parte do universo desta pesquisa as publicações saídas entre 1839 (ano do anúncio da descoberta do daguerreótipo, primeiro processo fotográfico patenteado e explorado comercialmente no mundo) e 1900, derradeiro ano de um século marcante sob inúmeros aspectos e momento em que o país inicia a segunda década do regime republicano, em meio a transformações políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais que, naturalmente, se refletiriam na imprensa. Na virada do século, o fato dos processos de reprodução fotomecânica já estarem técnica e comercialmente resolvidos e o fato da tecnologia da própria fotografia haver sido extremamente aperfeiçoada, vão implicar - com certo atraso em relação aos centros mais avançados - uma mudança de atitude quanto ao uso da fotografia na imprensa ilustrada carioca do século XX - distanciando- a, finalmente, da caricatura e conferindo-lhe uma gradual autonomia como meio de comunicação e expressão. Foram examinadas as coleções de 1.126 periódicos publicados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período, integrantes das coleções em microfilme da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional. O trabalho visou detectar as primeiras utilizações da fotografia, contextualizando-as minimamente - inclusive do ponto de vista das tecnologias empregadas - além de destacar dois marcos no processo de incorporação da fotografia pela imprensa ilustrada, o primeiro em A Semana Illustrada (1860-1876) e o segundo em O Besouro (1877-1878).
The dissertation is based on exploratory research, covering the period during which the photographic image starts to be incorporated by the illustrated periodical press in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Thus the universe of the present research includes all periodical publications locally printed between 1839 (the year of the announcement of the invention of the daguerreotype - the first photographic process to be patented and commercially explored in the world) and 1900, which marks the end of an outstanding century under several aspects, when the country starts its second decade under the new republican regime, going through severe political, economical, social and cultural changes which, naturally, were reflected in the press.By the turn of the century, the fact that photomechanical processes were both technically and commercially well developed and also the fact that photographic technology had been quite perfected, would give raise to a change in attitude on what concerns the uses of photography in early XXth century s Rio de Janeiro illustrated periodical press. Photography finally moved away from caricature and reached a gradual autonomy as a means of communication and expression. One thousand, one hundred and twenty six collections of periodicals published in the city of Rio de Janeiro (which belong to the microfilm collections of the National Library) were examined. The work aimed at detecting the first uses of photography, putting them into minimum context - including the technologies employed. It also distinguishes two relevant marks in the process of photography s incorporation by the local illustrated press - the first in A Semana Ilustrada (1860-1876) and the second in O Besouro (1877-1878).

Orientador: Roberto Luiz do Carmo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A partir da inquietação sobre explicações, que muito embora fornecessem importante contribuição, soavam um tanto incompletas para explicar as migrações, esta tese propõe-se a refletir sobre a mudança do comportamento que vem ocorrendo nos deslocamentos populacionais no Brasil, a partir da década de 1980, observando particularmente os processos migratórios que envolveram o estado do Rio de Janeiro nesse período, no qual, simultaneamente, esse espaço se configura como área de atração e expulsão de população. Considerando a Demografia como campo do conhecimento que na sua essência traz a idéia de processo de mudanças, que refletem as relações sociais inscritas em cada momento histórico, parte-se da hipótese de que os processos de (i)mobilidade da força de trabalho respondem ao modelo de desenvolvimento vigente do capitalismo. O presente estágio de desenvolvimento, no qual prevalece o modelo de acumulação flexível, determinando novas estratégias de localização das atividades produtivas, novos modos de regulação das relações capitaltrabalho, bem como, alterações nas estruturas das categorias ocupacionais, o que, em última instância, estaria ditando o novo modo como o capital mobiliza a força de trabalho
Abstract: Considering that the several existing explanations for migrations, although significant, seem to the author quite incomplete, this thesis reflects on the changes in patterns of population displacement that have been taking place in Brazil since the 80s. It focuses specially on the migratory processes in the state of Rio de Janeiro, region which, in such period, has simultaneously attracted and expelled population. Since Demography as a field of knowledge is essentially about change processes - which on their turn are the results of social relationships stemming from each historical moment - this thesis is based on the hypothesis that the workforce (im)mobility responds to the prevailing model of capital development. The current development stage, in which the model of flexible accumulation prevails, demands new strategies for allocating productive activities, new ways of regulating the relation between capital and labor, as well as changes in occupational categories, which would eventually determine how capital affects labor
Doutorado
Doutor em Demografia

During the last decades, funk music produced in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro has been travelling the world as a genre of contemporary cool. Construed as both hip and authentic and consumed globally, it has become a political and commercial asset in the nation’s rise to economic dominance and in Rio’s campaign to become a global city. In Brazil, however, favela funk draws the boundaries between the shanty towns of the urban margins, where it remains a social practice, and the state, by which it is condemned and sometimes prohibited for lyrics that allude to violence in an alleged glorification of gang power. This dissertation is an ethnographic inquiry into social life and power relations in one of the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. It tells the story of how a drug-dealing faction challenges the sovereignty of the state on its turf by means of both arms and the control and distribution of pleasure and fun. Funk, in this account, emerges as an immensely popular social practice and thus an instrument of drug-dealing power. By treating violence and the sexually explicit as both unifying and fragmenting in the social dynamics of this place, the dissertation uncovers the paths that favela youth tread in the context of severe poverty, vulnerability and limited access to state institutions and formal employment.

The Master Thesis deals with the communication strategy of the Czech Olympic House in Rio de Janeiro during the XXXI. summer olympic games that will take place in 2016. The succesful Czech Olympic House in London is considered to be a groundwork for this strategy. There is a need to diversify, especialy because of the different characteristics of both destinations. The aim of this thesis is to find the optimal communication instruments and their application in the way that will respect the conditions of both czech and brazilian market. The emphasis is placed on the promotion of the Czech republic as a reliable business partner and attractive tourist destination.

Orientador: Marisa Saenz Leme
Resumo: Na fase de emancipação do lado brasileiro do Reino Unido de Portuga, Brasil e Algarve e início do Primeiro Reinado, a imprensa se transformou em um importante instrumento de elaboração e veiculação de ideias, projetos e debates públicos. No universo dos impressos da Corte do Rio de Janeiro, um dos grupos políticos que disputou os rumos institucionais da nascente Império do Brasil foi acusado de “tentar mudar a forma de governo”, ou seja, de atentar contra o regime monárquico estabelecido, visando à instauração de uma república. Propomo-nos a analisar o conceito de república veiculado por este grupo de periodistas, – responsável pela editoração dos periódicos Reverbero Constitucional Fluminense, Correio do Rio de Janeiro e O Sylpho – seus projetos para a nascente brasileira, bem como sua possível associação a ideais republicanos. Esta busca se pautará pela investigação dos usos e significados dos conceitos de república/republicanismo nos panfletos que circularam na imprensa da Corte do Rio de Janeiro, bem como da análise de um dos periódicos deste grupo o Reverbero Constitucional Fluminense de forma a apreender as possíveis linguagens políticas desses publicistas da independência. Conduziremos esta investigação por meio da análise do referido periódico e de panfletos impressos na coleção “Guerra literária - Panfletos da Independência (1820-1823)”, visando a reconstrução das comunidades de linguagem onde esses impressos circularam e os possíveis significados cujos esses escrito... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the emancipation phase of the Brazilian part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarve and the beginning of the Emperor Pedro I reign, the press became an important instrument for the elaboration and dissemination of ideas, projects and public debates. In the Rio de Janeiro court one of the political groups that disputed the institutional directions of the nascent Brazilian Empire, and used the press has one of ours instruments of influence the political process , was accused of “trying to change the form of government”, that is, to attack the established monarchical regime, whit the objective of establishment of a republic. We propose to analyze the concept of republic conveyed by this group of journalists, - responsible for the publishing of the periodicals Reverbero Constitucional Fluminense, Correio de Rio de Janeiro and O Sylpho - their projects for the rising Brazilian Empire, as well as their possible association with republican ideals. This research was guided by the investigation of the uses and meanings of the concepts of republic / republicanism in the pamphlets that circulated in the press of the Court of Rio de Janeiro, through the Guerra literária - Panfletos da Independência (1820-1823), as well as the analysis of one of the journals of this group, the Reverbero Constitucional Fluminense. In order to apprehend the possible political languages of these independence publicists, with the goal at the reconstruction of the langue where these printings... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Security is a universal human right and a highly valued societal good. It is crucial for the preservation of human life and is of inestimable value for our societies. However, in Latin America, the right to security is far from being universally established. The aim of this sequential, exploratory mixed methods study is to explore the logic of security provision in six neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro (Vidigal, Santíssimo, Complexo do Alemão, Tabuleiro*, Botafogo and Novo Leblon) and assess its implications for citizens’ right to security. The findings from the research show that, on a city level, Rio de Janeiro’s security network can best be understood as an oligopoly because different security providers (police, municipal guards, military, private security companies, militias and drug trafficking factions) are connected through cooperative, neutral or conflictual relationships and need to consider the actions and reactions of other groups when taking strategic decisions. On a neighbourhood level, the preferred option for security providers are monopolistic-type constellations, characterised by relative peace and stability. However, all actors are willing to engage in violence if the perceived political and/or economic benefits are great enough. The thesis shows that the relative power and influence of the security providers are primarily determined by the way they are perceived by the local communities and by their capacity to use violence effectively. Despite its appearance as chaotic, violence is therefore an instrument which is negotiated and managed quite carefully. The thesis concludes that insecurity and violence in Rio de Janeiro are primarily fuelled by the struggle for territorial control between conflicting security providers within the oligopoly. The oligopolistic constellation of security providers leads to an inequality of security, defined as a condition in which the right to security is not enjoyed by all residents to the same extent.

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O Estado foi dividido em três circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito foram amostradas aleatoriamente cerca de 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas, foi escolhido, de forma aleatória, um número préestabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total foram amostrados 8239 animais, provenientes de 945 propriedades. Em cada propriedade amostrada foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para verificar o tipo de exploração e as práticas zootécnicas e sanitárias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infecção pela doença. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e reteste dos positivos com o teste do 2- mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo se pelo menos um animal foi reagente às duas provas sorológicas. Para o Estado, as prevalências de focos e de animais infectados foram, respectivamente, de 15,4% [12,9-17,9%] e de 4,1% [2,8-5,3%]. Para os circuitos, as prevalências de focos e de animais infectados foram, respectivamente: circuito 1, 13,8% [10,2-18,2%] e 3,0% [1,9-4,1%]; circuito 2, 15,7% [11,9-20,2%] e 2,3% [1,4-3,2%]; circuito 3, 19,6% [15,4-24,4%] e 9,3% [4,5-14,1%]. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco foram: ter mais que 30 fêmeas com idade de 24 meses ou acima (OR=2,33 [1,51-3,07]), compra de reprodutores (OR= 1,95 [1,13-2,45]) e prática de aluguel de pasto (OR= 1,74 [1,03-2,74]).
A study to characterize the epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in the State of Rio de Janeiro was carried out. The State was divided in three regions. Three hundred herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals were sampled in each herd. A total of 8,239 serum samples from 945 herds were collected. In each herd, it was applied an epidemiological questionnaire focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal was positive on both RBT and 2-ME tests. The prevalences of infected herds and animals in the State were, respectively: 15.4% [12.9-17.9%] and 4.1% [2.8-5.3%]. The prevalences of infected herds and animals in the regions were, respectively: region 1, 13.8% [10.2-18.2%] and 3.0% [1.9-4.1%]; region 2, 15.7% [11.9-20.2%] and 2.3% [1.4-3.2%]; and region 3, 19.6% [15.4-24.4%] and 9.3% [4.5-14.1%]. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection were: herd size larger than 30 cows (OR=2.33 [1.51-3.07]), purchase of animals for breeding (OR= 1.95 [1.13-2.45), and pasture rental practice (R= 1.74 [1.03-2.74]).

Yes
This report on Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is one of 13 case studies (all of the case studies can be found at www.bradford.ac.uk/cics). This report is the result of an 11-day visit to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in September 2004. Wider research and information were used to complement the stakeholder interviews held during this period. The authors would like to thank Julia Buxton and William Godnick for comments on an earlier draft. The analysis and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policy of DFID or the UK government.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com o desembarque da corte portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, em 1808, tornou-se necessário assegurar o funcionamento da monarquia lusitana em terras brasileiras. Constituir um novo império no Brasil significava dotar a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, escolhida como sede da monarquia, de contornos um pouco mais europeizados, tendo em vista a precariedade da urbe encontrada pela casa de Bragança. Durante a primeira metade do século XIX, entre as instituições fundadas no Rio de Janeiro com a finalidade de “civilizar” a cidade e seus habitantes, destacam-se a Intendência Geral de Polícia da Corte e a Sociedade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, instituições cujos registros legaram a imagem de uma cidade cada vez mais civilizada. No entanto, esta perspectiva de um Rio de Janeiro em processo de modernização não foi a única construída pelos homens oitocentistas. Isso porque alguns viajantes estrangeiros, em suas narrativas de viagem, destacaram em detalhes a imagem de uma urbe de aspectos predominantemente coloniais e atrasados. Diante deste quadro, proponho analisar os discursos policial, médico-higiênico e dos viajantes estrangeiros com o objetivo principal de mapear a convivência de diferentes perspectivas da europeização do Rio de Janeiro construídas por aqueles que viveram ou passaram pela cidade durante a primeira metade do Oitocentos
With the arrival of the Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro, in 1808, it became necessary to ensure the functioning of the Lusitanian monarchy on Brazilian lands. To establish a new empire in Brazil meant to provide the city of Rio de Janeiro, chosen as the seat of the monarchy, the contours a little more Europeanized, in view of the precariousness of the town found by the house of Bragança. During the first half of the nineteenth century, among the institutions founded in Rio de Janeiro in order to “civilized” the city and its inhabitants, stand out the General Stewardship of the Court Police and the Medical Society of Rio de Janeiro, institutions whose records bequeathed the image of a city increasingly civilized. However, this perspective of a Rio de Janeiro in the process of modernization was not the only one built by the nineteenth-century men. This is because some foreign travelers, in their travel narratives, highlighted in details the image of a city with aspects predominantly colonial and backward. Given this situation, I propose to analyze the police, the medical-hygienic and the foreign travelers’ discourses with the principal objective of mapping the coexistence of different perspectives of the Europeanization of the Rio de Janeiro built by those who lived or passed through the city during the first half of the Eight hundred

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In order to analyze how foreign travelers reported and portrayed Brazil, the following research had been devoted to Jean-Baptiste Debret's analyzes of iconographic and written sources. Debret's artistic history at the court of Napoleon Bonaparte had greatly influenced his choice as a historical painter of the court of D. João VI and later of D. Pedro I after his coming to Brazil as part of the "Mission" Artistica Francesa, closely following all the events of the monarchy in the tropics. Through the study of his works, we realized that his role was not only as a historical painter, but also a picturesque painter, with a vast collection of representations of the daily life and culture of the Brazilian people, especially in the city of Rio de Janeiro
Com o objetivo de analisar a maneira como os viajantes estrangeiros relataram e retrataram o Brasil, a seguinte pesquisa se dedica às análises das fontes iconográficas e escritas de Jean-Baptiste Debret. O histórico artístico de Debret na corte de Napoleão Bonaparte, influenciara amplamente na sua escolha como pintor histórico da corte de D. João VI e futuramente de D. Pedro I após sua vinda ao Brasil como componente da “Missão” Artística Francesa, acompanhando de perto todos os acontecimentos da monarquia nos trópicos. Por meio do estudo de suas obras, percebemos que seu papel não foi somente como pintor histórico, mas também um pintor pitoresco, com um vasto acervo de representações do cotidiano e da cultura do povo brasileiro, principalmente da cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Background: Social entrepreneurship started to appear in the academic research in the end of 1990´s and has since then been well discussed by researchers. They have come up with numerous of different definitions and meanings of the term, but agree that the goal for these kinds of entrepreneurs is to create social value. Purpose: Our objective with this study is to create an understanding of where social entrepreneurs acquire the necessary resources to start their social business. Research question: How do social entrepreneurs acquire the necessary resources to start their social business in Rio de Janeiro? Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative research method and semi-structured interviews have been done in order to gather data. An abductive approach has been used where the authors has gone back and forth between the theory and the empirical findings. Research findings: The social entrepreneurs that we interviewed used the following ways to acquire resources to start their social business: Social venture capitalists, social capital, human capital, cultural capital and volunteers.

A Revolução Industrial, a que se seguiu o paradigma desenvolvimentista do Século XX, legou cidades e indústrias interdependentes e determinantes entre si. Paradoxalmente, percebe-se a coexistência conflituosa entre áreas urbanas fabris e habitadas, que parece inconciliável. Muitos dos conflitos advêm de impactos de vizinhança, cuja regulação ainda não se encontra formulada e pacífica. A presente pesquisa investiga os elementos que favorecem ou prejudicam essa convivência, e propõe método de suporte à decisão voltado à gestão de impactos de vizinhança, não regulados por leis e padrões. O método baseia-se em pesquisa qualitativa de percepção de materialidade/importância dos impactos, com grupo focal, ponderada pela avaliação escalar da sua magnitude, conforme a distância entre indústria e zonas urbanas com usos distintos – em especial o residencial – em uma matriz/diagrama de apoio à decisão. Pode ser aplicado como instrumento de gestão de conflitos, no planejamento locacional de empreendimentos de alto potencial de impactos de vizinhança e no Planejamento Participativo. O caso estudado, objeto empírico da presente pesquisa, é a ThyssenKrupp Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico (TKCSA), em Santa Cruz – bairro de 398 mil habitantes da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Siderúrgica integrada, a TKCSA iniciou suas operações em 2010. O Distrito Industrial que a recebeu, criado décadas antes, já havia atraí-do às vizinhanças vilas operárias e assentamentos informais. Em diferentes momentos, desajustes operacionais e falhas de comunicação levaram a conflitos e crises. O teste de aplicação do método desenvolvido indicou sua utilidade para a finalidade a que se propõe.
Cities and Industries are interdependent and determinant among themselves. However, since the first cycle of industrialization in England at the end of the 19th Century, the conflicting coexistence between manufacturing and inhabited areas seems irreconcilable. Modernist planning proposed Industrial Districts designed under a Keynesian perspective. In contemporary times, industrial zones has followed a globalizing logic. Transnational corporations determine on a planetary scale where to locate their production platforms, in favor of profits maximization. This movement is ruled – but also facilitated – by the State in a balance between national interest and a business-friendly ambient (Harvey, 1989). Industries and other sectors of the cities need to be close. The question is: how close? Is there a desired distance that guarantees to the City and its inhabitants the highest positive externalities of industrialization, reducing, however, negative impacts and discomforts? Does environmental technology have a real capacity to positively interfere? Which elements should base environmental and neighborhood impact assessments so that: (i) emergent conflicts can be solved; or (ii) due and fair measures can be establish to overcome or compensate for the negative impacts; and (iii) early precise assessments precede new ventures? This research aims at proposing a decision-aiding method for the management of neighborhood impacts (not regulated by laws or standards), identifying aspects to facilitate coexistence between industries and neighbors.

Südostbrasilien war während des Spätpleistozäns und des Holozäns beachtlichen Klimaschwankungen unterworfen, die vielfältige geoökologische Konsequenzen zur Folge hatten. Mit der europäischen Kolonialisierung setzte überdies ab dem frühen 16. Jahrhundert eine anthropogen verursachte Degradation ein, welche zu massiven Veränderungen des Landschaftssystems führte. Trotz einer längeren geowissenschaftlichen Forschungstradition in der Region ist der Kenntnisstand über die Auswirkungen der natürlichen und anthropogenen Veränderungen auf die Geomorphodynamik bis heute vergleichsweise gering. Bereits existierende Vorstellungen zu dieser Thematik erscheinen darüber hinaus zumindest ergänzungswürdig und müssen entsprechend des aktuellen Forschungsstandes erweitert werden. Um einen Beitrag zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücken zu leisten, wurden im Rahmen der hier vorliegenden Arbeit bodengeographische und fluvialmorphologische Untersuchungen im südostbrasilianischen Guapi-Macacu Flusseinzugsgebiet durchgeführt. Im konkreten soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob und wie sich klimatische und anthropogene Veränderungen auf die geomorphodynamische Stabilität der Region ausgewirkt haben. Neben dem wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinn können daraus gesellschaftlich relevante Informationen über zukünftige Umweltveränderungen abgeleitet werden. Zur Beantwortung solcher Fragestellungen werden in den Geowissenschaften Paläoumweltarchive genutzt. Wegen seiner naturräumlichen Gegebenheiten kommen in der Region dabei lediglich Böden oder fluviale Sedimente als Geoarchive in Frage. Folglich widmet sich der erste Teil der vorliegenden Dissertation der Bodenverbreitung und -genese im Vorland der Serra dos Órgãos-Gebirgskette. Neben der feldmethodischen Aufnahme ausgewählter Bodenprofile wurde dafür auch auf klassische physikochemische Labormethoden zurückgegriffen. Die sich daraus ergebenden bodengeographischen Befunde lassen große Übereinstimmungen mit bekannten Arbeiten aus anderen tropischen Regionen der Welt erkennen. So ist der erdoberflächennahe Untergrund an erosionsgeschützten Standorten aus stark verwitterten, (gelb)braunen Böden oder Bodensedimenten aufgebaut, welche fossile rote Bodenhorizonte und/oder einen farblich heterogenen Kristallinzersatz überlagern. An vielen Unterhängen konnten darüber hinaus teils mehrgliedrige, junge Kolluvien beschrieben werden. Um geomorphodynamische Aktivitätsperioden ausweisen zu können war v.a. die zeitliche Stellung der Hangverlagerungsprozesse von Bedeutung. Feo/Fed- und Mno/Mnd-Verhältnisse sowie geomorphologische Feldbefunde erlauben zusammen die Unterscheidung zwischen älteren und jüngeren Hangsedimenten. Die jüngsten Unterhangkolluvien konnten aufgrund eingebetteter moderner Keramik und Holzkohlen sicher in die neuzeitliche Landnutzungsperiode gestellt werden. Insgesamt ist das Archivpotenzial der Böden und Bodensedimente im Untersuchungs-gebiet jedoch gering. Die formulierten Forschungsfragen zu den Folgen von klimatischen und anthropogenen Veränderungen auf die Geomorphodynamik können damit nur unzureichend beantwortet werden. Einen Fortschritt könnten zukünftig evtl. Lumineszenzdatierungen bringen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden Untersuchungen vorgestellt, die an fluvialen Sedimentsequenzen in der Region durchgeführt wurden. Diese sind über weite Strecken aufgeschlossen und können daher vergleichsweise einfach studiert werden. Arbeiten zum Aufbau fluvialer Sedimente und Ableitungen über Paläoumweltbedingungen sind in Süd- und Südostbrasilien bisher äußerst selten und darüber hinaus ist die chronologische Auflösung meist nur unzureichend. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde zunächst aus 13 chronostratigraphisch bearbeiteten Einzelprofilen ein spätpleistozänes und holozänes, fluviales Standardprofil für das Guapi-Macacu Einzugsgebiet abgeleitet, welches sich aus vier deutlich zu unterscheidenden Fazieseinheiten aufbaut. 44 14C-Datierungen liefern hierfür ein solides Zeitgerüst, so dass gesicherte Aussagen über das Verhalten des Guapi-Macacu-Systems während der letzten etwa 13.000 Jahre möglich sind. Zwar stellt auch das fluviale Standardprofil kein hochauflösendes Paläoumweltarchiv dar, jedoch kann daraus ein wissenschaftlich wertvoller Erkenntnisfortschritt über die Geomorphodynamik im Untersuchungsgebiet abgeleitet werden. So weisen die Ergebnisse auf mehrfache Wechsel in der Fluvial- und Hangdynamik hin, die mit sehr hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit durch großklimatische Veränderungen hervorgerufen wurden. Störungen der thermohalinen Nordatlantikzirkulation lösten an der Grenze zwischen Pleistozän und Holozän sowie am Übergang vom Mittel- zum Spätholozän eine Südwärtsverlagerung der innertropischen Konvergenzzone (ITCZ) aus, wodurch sich die Südatlantische Konvergenzzone (SACZ) während der Sommermonate mit dem Südamerikanischen Monsunsystem (SAMS) verbinden konnte. Im Untersuchungsgebiet wurden dadurch feuchtere Bedingungen und gehäuft Starkregen ausgelöst, welche zu geomorphodynamisch aktiven Phasen führten. Vor allem in steilen Hanglagen und unterhalb größerer abflusswirksamer Felsflächen fanden phasenweise erhebliche Bodenabträge statt und ältere Hillwashsedimente wurden an den Unterhängen akkumuliert. In den Talböden sind die natürlichen Instabilitätsphasen durch grobklastische Schotter (Fazieseinheit I, ca. 12.800 cal. BP) sowie mächtige sandig bis kiesige Sedimente (Fazieseinheit III, ab ca. 4.700 cal. BP) dokumentiert. Bei einer vergleichsweise nördlichen Position der ITCZ, während des Früh- und Mittelholozäns, herrschten im Untersuchungsgebiet hingegen trockenere Klimabedingungen, welche zu geomorphodynamischer Stabilität führten. Diese Stabilitätsphase ist durch einen Hiatus bzw. feinkörnige fluviale Ablagerungen (Fazieseinheit II,zwischen 6.600 und 4.300 cal. BP) in den Flusstälern belegt. An den Hängen wurden zeitgleich sehr wahrscheinlich Cambisole gebildet. Mit der europäischen Kolonisation setzte zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhundert in Südostbrasilien die sukzessive Zerstörung des Atlantischen Küstenregenwaldes ein. Zuckerrohr- und Kaffeeplantagen etablierten sich und es wurde großflächig Brandrodungsfeldbau praktiziert. Dadurch wurden die Böden zeitweise entblößt, was in Verbindung mit den ergiebigen Niederschlägen erneut verstärkte Abträge zur Folge hatte. Die korrelaten Sedimente der nutzungsinduzierten Bodenerosion sind in Form von holzkohlehaltigen Unterhangkolluvien und Auenlehmen (Fazieseinheit IV) erhalten geblieben. Die 14C-Datierungen aus den Flusssedimenten belegen einen verstärkten anthropogenen Einfluss in der Region seit maximal 250 Jahren. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat gezeigt, dass Klima- und Nutzungsbedingungen das geomorphodynamische Prozessgeschehen in der Vergangenheit steuerten. Für die Zukunft sind eine Häufung von Starkniederschlägen und ein wachsender Nutzungsdruck in der Region prognostiziert. Die Ergebnisse aus der jüngeren Erdgeschichte lassen vermuten, dass es dadurch zur Landschaftsdestabilisierung verbunden mit großflächigen Hangrutschungen kommen wird. Diese werden v.a. in besiedelten Regionen sehr ernstzunehmende Naturgefahren für die Bevölkerung darstellen
A growing number of publications from southeastern Brazil points to significant climatic and subsequently substantial geo-ecological changes during the latest Pleistocene and Holocene. Additionally, the European colonization led to anthropogenically triggered landscape degradation since the early 16th century. Even though there has been a long-term geoscientific research tradition in that region, the impacts of these changes on geomorphodynamic processes are not well understood so far. Existing concepts dealing with these topics need to be improved according to the current state of research. Hence, this doctoral thesis attempts to partly close this gap of knowledge. Therefore, pedological and sedimentological investigations were carried out at several outcrops within the Guapi-Macau river basin, SE-Brazil. Especially, this work aims to answer the research question if and how climate changes and increased human impact affected geomorphodynamic stability of this region. In addition to its scientific importance, this topic is of high relevance for the prediction of future environmental changes as well. Geoarchives are used in geosciences for the reconstruction of Quaternary palaeoenvironments. Due to local geographic conditions, only soils and fluvial sediments can be used as palaeoenvironmental archives in the study area. Consequently, the first part of this thesis deals with soil distribution and soil development in the foreland of the Serra dos Órgãos Mountains. Standard field descriptions and physicochemical laboratory methods were applied to characterize the regional soils. The results show that these soils have great similarities with other tropical regions of the world. In the study area a standard soil profile contains of a strongly weathered, (yellowish)brown soil horizon or hillwash sediment, covering a fossil reddish soil horizon and/or a heterogeneous weathering mantel. Additionally, relatively young colluvial soils can be observed in many footslope positions. To identify phases of geomorphic activity, the temporal evolution of hillslope deposition is of great importance. A combination of Feo/Fed- and Mno/Mnd-ratios as well as the assessment of the geomorphic position of the sites allowed a relative distinction of older from younger hillslope deposits in the region. In detail, whereas youngest colluvial layers developed during the modern period of land use intensification, could be identified by embedded modern pottery as well as high amounts of charcoal, a further distinction of older hillslope deposits was not possible with the applied methods. Furthermore, often their preservation state is not sufficient so that their potential as archives for palaeoenvironmental research is very limited. However, future luminescence dating would be an option to establish a late Quaternary chronology of hillslope deposits. In the second part of this thesis, investigations of fluvial sediments of the region will be presented. They are exposed over longer distances of the river courses in the Guapi-Macau catchment so that they could easily be studied. Comparable works on the architecture of fluvial sediments are very rare in SE-Brazil, and furthermore their palaeoenvironmental interpretation often remains doubtful due to insufficient age control. Based on chronostratigraphical investigations of 13 fluvial exposures a latest Pleistocene and Holocene standard profile for the Guapi-Macau catchment were developed. The investigations revealed four different facies units that are clearly distinguishable from each other. 44 14C-datings provide a reliable time frame for the reconstruction of the Guapi-Macacu river system during the last approx. 13.000 cal. years BP. Although the fluvial sediments are discontinuous and thus do not offer high resolution proxy data, important findings concerning geomorphodynamic processes could be extracted from them. The results point on multiple changes of the overall geomorphodynamic conditions, very likely triggered by large-scale climate changes. Disturbances in the thermohaline circulation of the northern Atlantic caused a southwards shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary as well as at the transition from the Mid- to the Late Holocene. Consequently, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) was connected with the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) during summer, producing periods of intense precipitation over large parts of southeastern South America where the study area is located. Especially at steep slopes and below larger areas of bare bedrock phases of geomorphic activity periodically appeared. Significant amount of soil were eroded, and older hillwash sediments were deposited on the footslopes. In the floodplains, coarse grained gravels (Unit I, approx. 12.800 cal. BP) and several meters of planar or cross-bedded sands to fine gravels (Unit III, after approx. 4.700 cal. BP) document periods of natural geomorphodynamic instability. Due to a more northerly position of the ITCZ, the study area was obviously drier and geomorphologically more stable during the Early and Mid-Holocene. This is documented by a hiatus or fine-grained deposits (Unit II, from approx. 6.600 to 4.300 cal. BP), respectively. On the slopes probably (yellowish)brown cambisols developed simultaneously. Since the European colonization starting from the early 16th century large areas of valuable Atlantic rainforest were destroyed. Instead, sugar cane and coffee plantations were established, and slash-and-burn agriculture became a common land use practice. Soils were exposed and prevailing strong rains led to high rates of soil erosion again. Correlate sediments of this man-made soil erosion are preserved as charcoal-containing hillslope colluvium and fine-grained floodplain sediments (Unit IV). Radiocarbon ages from the fluvial loams point on increased human impact for the last max. 250 years. The present doctoral thesis demonstrates that climatic changes and human impact strongly affected geomorphodynamic processes of SE-Brazil during the past. There are predictions of a larger frequency of intense rainfall events and increased land use pressure for the future. The presented results from the geological history suggest that landscape destabilization and large-scale landslides could be direct consequences of such changes. As seen already today, especially in highly populated regions this could be serious natural hazards which can affect human health

Orientador: Jean Marcel Carvalho França
Banca: Lucia Maria Bastos Pereira das Neves
Banca: Ricardo Alexandre Ferreira
Resumo: Com o desembarque da corte portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, em 1808, tornou-se necessário assegurar o funcionamento da monarquia lusitana em terras brasileiras. Constituir um novo império no Brasil significava dotar a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, escolhida como sede da monarquia, de contornos um pouco mais europeizados, tendo em vista a precariedade da urbe encontrada pela casa de Bragança. Durante a primeira metade do século XIX, entre as instituições fundadas no Rio de Janeiro com a finalidade de "civilizar" a cidade e seus habitantes, destacam-se a Intendência Geral de Polícia da Corte e a Sociedade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, instituições cujos registros legaram a imagem de uma cidade cada vez mais civilizada. No entanto, esta perspectiva de um Rio de Janeiro em processo de modernização não foi a única construída pelos homens oitocentistas. Isso porque alguns viajantes estrangeiros, em suas narrativas de viagem, destacaram em detalhes a imagem de uma urbe de aspectos predominantemente coloniais e atrasados. Diante deste quadro, proponho analisar os discursos policial, médico-higiênico e dos viajantes estrangeiros com o objetivo principal de mapear a convivência de diferentes perspectivas da europeização do Rio de Janeiro construídas por aqueles que viveram ou passaram pela cidade durante a primeira metade do Oitocentos
Abstract: With the arrival of the Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro, in 1808, it became necessary to ensure the functioning of the Lusitanian monarchy on Brazilian lands. To establish a new empire in Brazil meant to provide the city of Rio de Janeiro, chosen as the seat of the monarchy, the contours a little more Europeanized, in view of the precariousness of the town found by the house of Bragança. During the first half of the nineteenth century, among the institutions founded in Rio de Janeiro in order to "civilized" the city and its inhabitants, stand out the General Stewardship of the Court Police and the Medical Society of Rio de Janeiro, institutions whose records bequeathed the image of a city increasingly civilized. However, this perspective of a Rio de Janeiro in the process of modernization was not the only one built by the nineteenth-century men. This is because some foreign travelers, in their travel narratives, highlighted in details the image of a city with aspects predominantly colonial and backward. Given this situation, I propose to analyze the police, the medical-hygienic and the foreign travelers' discourses with the principal objective of mapping the coexistence of different perspectives of the Europeanization of the Rio de Janeiro built by those who lived or passed through the city during the first half of the Eight hundred
Mestre

Orientador: Jean Marcel Carvalho França
Banca: Paulo Knauss
Banca: José Adriano Fenerick
Resumo: No decorrer do século XIX, a música e o teatro lírico ocuparam lugar de destaque no cenário musical do Rio de Janeiro. Após o desembarque da corte portuguesa, em 1808, a cidade assistiu a inauguração de novos teatros e passou a receber a presença de músicos e companhias líricas estrangeiras, possibilitando um contato com óperas e peças musicais de sucesso na Europa. Embora apresentando um leve declínio entre as décadas de 30 e 40 do oitocentos, a atividade musical continuou ocupando um espaço privilegiado na sociedade fluminense, figurando também nas páginas de diversos periódicos do período. Em tais textos, os escritores e colunistas abordavam os mais variados relacionados à música, desde a programação teatral até a descrição do ambiente dos teatros e comportamento dos espectadores. Entre as principais tópicas, estava a preocupação com o desenvolvimento de uma música de inspiração nacionalista, ideal que culminou com a fundação da Imperial Academia de Música e Ópera Nacional em 1857. No âmbito dessa instituição, um número significativo de óperas nacionais foi levada aos palcos da cidade. É objetivo desse trabalho, portanto, analisar os artigos e crônicas acerca da música publicados em jornais e revistas oitocentistas, juntamente com os libretos de óperas nacionais produzidas no período, buscando identificar os principais tópicos presentes nestes textos; isto é, identificar os principais critérios de análise e expectativas dos homens de cultura do período em relação à atividade musica, e, principalmente, à produção de uma música de inspiração nacionalista
Abstract: During the nineteenth century, music and lyric theater occupied a prominent place in the music scene in Rio de Janeiro. After the landing of the Portuguese court in 1808, the city saw the opening of new theaters and went on to receive the presence of foreign musicians and opera companies, providing a contact with opera and musical theater success in Europe. Although showing a slight decline between 30 and 40 decades of the eighteenth hundred, musical activity continued to occupy a privileged place in fluminense society, also appearing in the pages of several journals of the period. In such texts, the writers and columnists addressed various aspects related to music, since programming of theaters even description of the theatrical environment and viewing behavior. Among the main topics was the concern with the development of a music-inspired nationalist ideal, that culminated in the founding of the Imperial Academy of Music and National Opera in 1857. Within this institution, a significant number of national opera was set up to the stage of the city. It is the aim of this work, therefore, to examine the articles and chronicles about the music published in nineteenth-century newspapers and magazines, along with the librettos of national operas produced in the period, seeking to identify the main topics contained in these texts; that is, identify the mains rules for analysis and expectations of intellectual of the period in relation to musical activities, and especially the production of a nationalistic music
Mestre

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
No decorrer do século XIX, a música e o teatro lírico ocuparam lugar de destaque no cenário musical do Rio de Janeiro. Após o desembarque da corte portuguesa, em 1808, a cidade assistiu a inauguração de novos teatros e passou a receber a presença de músicos e companhias líricas estrangeiras, possibilitando um contato com óperas e peças musicais de sucesso na Europa. Embora apresentando um leve declínio entre as décadas de 30 e 40 do oitocentos, a atividade musical continuou ocupando um espaço privilegiado na sociedade fluminense, figurando também nas páginas de diversos periódicos do período. Em tais textos, os escritores e colunistas abordavam os mais variados relacionados à música, desde a programação teatral até a descrição do ambiente dos teatros e comportamento dos espectadores. Entre as principais tópicas, estava a preocupação com o desenvolvimento de uma música de inspiração nacionalista, ideal que culminou com a fundação da Imperial Academia de Música e Ópera Nacional em 1857. No âmbito dessa instituição, um número significativo de óperas nacionais foi levada aos palcos da cidade. É objetivo desse trabalho, portanto, analisar os artigos e crônicas acerca da música publicados em jornais e revistas oitocentistas, juntamente com os libretos de óperas nacionais produzidas no período, buscando identificar os principais tópicos presentes nestes textos; isto é, identificar os principais critérios de análise e expectativas dos homens de cultura do período em relação à atividade musica, e, principalmente, à produção de uma música de inspiração nacionalista
During the nineteenth century, music and lyric theater occupied a prominent place in the music scene in Rio de Janeiro. After the landing of the Portuguese court in 1808, the city saw the opening of new theaters and went on to receive the presence of foreign musicians and opera companies, providing a contact with opera and musical theater success in Europe. Although showing a slight decline between 30 and 40 decades of the eighteenth hundred, musical activity continued to occupy a privileged place in fluminense society, also appearing in the pages of several journals of the period. In such texts, the writers and columnists addressed various aspects related to music, since programming of theaters even description of the theatrical environment and viewing behavior. Among the main topics was the concern with the development of a music-inspired nationalist ideal, that culminated in the founding of the Imperial Academy of Music and National Opera in 1857. Within this institution, a significant number of national opera was set up to the stage of the city. It is the aim of this work, therefore, to examine the articles and chronicles about the music published in nineteenth-century newspapers and magazines, along with the librettos of national operas produced in the period, seeking to identify the main topics contained in these texts; that is, identify the mains rules for analysis and expectations of intellectual of the period in relation to musical activities, and especially the production of a nationalistic music

Because of the high levels of violence practiced by the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), especially if its lethality is taken into consideration, the Pacifying Police Units - Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs) in Portuguese - were created in 2008 to work in some favelas (slums or shanty towns) of the state’s capital, the city of Rio de Janeiro. This form of policing became the object of attention of several social scientists due to its apparently less violent action in these specific urban spaces, which are historically marked by a social stigma and constitute a special target for police action. In this thesis, we analyze some of the research work that emphasized the UPPs’ characteristics as possibilities for a new and less violent police. It is argued that, despite the features that make the UPPs to be apparently less violent, it is necessary to take into account several other aspects that sociologically explain the police action in Rio de Janeiro and the UPPs. The social construction of Brazilian citizenship and public space affects the way Brazilians build the notion of equality between individuals and social groups, relating it to similarity between themselves and accepting as natural the unequal treatment given by the state’s institutions. This legal and juridical culture, associated to the new economic and financial context that the city of Rio de Janeiro has been going through in the last years, refers to the necessity of state control over some favelas to be able to increase the value of such urban spaces, through land speculation, in order to achieve a surplus-value by implementing new economic and lucrative activities. This state policy is heavily based on “pacifying” the favelas through the politics of security, in which police play a major and important role. Therefore, the thesis begins by offering an explanation of the Brazilian views of public space and citizenship, resorting to some social scientists studies that dealt with the specifics of those notions in Brazil. Then we elucidate how a documentary analysis was made explaining how the UPPs are understood in Brazil. Later, dissertating about the historical development of favelas and police in Rio de Janeiro, explaining the conjuncture in which the UPPs were implemented and how they are understood. Yet, in our research, we consider that the UPPs are not breaking away from the paradigm of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State, but using a different practice to give continuity to a traditional function of policing (repression) and a process that one could call of “criminalization” of favelas.

É perceptível a crescente demanda legislativa criminalizadora da violência doméstica no Brasil. No ano de 1995, com a criação do Juizado Especial Criminal, ocorreu a facilitação do acesso à Justiça; movimentos feministas, no entanto, reagiram no sentido de afastar a Lei n 9.099/95 no caso específico de violência doméstica, tendo em vista a aparente maleabilidade do regime dos Juizados. Surge, então, para atender anseios sociais, a Lei n 11.340/2006, popularmente conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, que, entre outros aspectos, introduziu um enrijecimento do sistema penal no tratamento da violência doméstica e familiar. Esta dissertação se destinou a investigar a intervenção punitiva estatal através das teorias da pena e sua deslegitimação, compreender os anseios galgados pelos movimentos feministas desde a Lei n 9.099/95 até o incremento punitivo advindo com a Lei n 11.340/2006, bem como identificar os mecanismos simbólicos da política criminal de combate à violência doméstica, por meio da análise dos processos crimes sentenciados nos anos de 2014 e 2015, nas cidades do Recife e do Rio de Janeiro. Para a concretização desses objetivos, além do estudo documental e bibliográfico, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica na I Vara de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher do Recife VVDFMR e no V Juizado de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher do RJ JVDFMRJ. Os processos crimes foram analisados a partir de critérios previamente estabelecidos, a fim de traçar um perfil dos atores e do andamento/desfecho processual, quais sejam: tipos penais, grau de parentesco, profissão do suposto agressor, primariedade, ocorrência de prisão em flagrante e de prisão preventiva, dosimetria da pena, repetição da fundamentação nas sentenças, se o comportamento da vítima influenciou na ocorrência do fato, conversão em pena restritiva de direitos, aplicação da suspensão condicional da pena, se houve absolvição, se ocorreu alguma forma de extinção de punibilidade e se houve condenação. Durante a análise dos dados dos processos crimes, algumas decisões chamaram a atenção da pesquisadora porque refletiam padrões adotados pelos magistrados na elaboração das dosimetrias das penas. Essas sentenças também passaram a ser objeto de estudo e aprofundamento nos discursos que permeiam o texto, através de uma análise à luz do referencial teórico da criminologia crítica. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a histórica seletividade da violência perpetrada pelos mecanismos estatais de controle punitivo, que seduzem com a possibilidade de assumirem a defesa de interesses sociais da maior relevância, mas não entregam aquilo que prometem. Além disso, os dados revelaram uma tendência encarceradora, ao longo do processo penal, mesmo que, ao final, estas não sejam aplicadas. Grande contradição do sistema de justiça criminal vivido no âmbito da violência doméstica, que reproduz violência e dor.
It is noticeable the growing criminalization legislative demand of domestic violence in Brazil. In 1995, with the creation of the Special Criminal Court, occurred the facilitation of access to justice; feminist movements, however, reacted in order to exclude the Law n 9.099/95 in the specific case of domestic violence, in view of the apparent flexibility of the system in these Courts. Then comes, to meet social expectations, Law n 11.340/2006, popularly known as "Maria da Penha Law", which, among other things, introduced a hardening penal system in the treatment of domestic and family violence. This dissertation intended to investigate the state punitive intervention through the theories of punishment and its delegitimization, understand the desires reached by feminist movements since the Law n 9.099/95 till the punitive increase arising under Law n 11.340/2006, as well to identify symbolic mechanisms of criminal policy to combat domestic violence, by analyzing the sentenced criminal cases in the years 2014 and 2015 in the cities of Recife and Rio de Janeiro. To achieve these objectives, in addition to the documentary and bibliographical study, empirical research on I Court of Domestic and Family Violence against Recife woman - VVDFMR and V Court of Domestic and Family Violence against Rio de Janeiro woman JVDFMRJ was held. The criminal cases were analyzed based on criteria established in advance in order to establish a profile of the actors and the progress/procedural outcome, namely: criminal types, kinship, the alleged attacker profession, firstness, prison occurrence in the act and probation, punishment dosimetry, repeatining the reasoning in court decision, if the victim's behavior influenced the occurrence of the event, conversion of the penalty to right restriction, application of probation, if there was absolution, if there was some way to extinct culpability and if there was condemnation. During the data analysis of criminal cases, some decisions have drawn attention of the researcher because they reflected standards adopted by judges in the preparation of dosimetry of the penalties. These sentences also became an object of study and deepening in the speeches that permeate the text, through an analysis based on the theoretical framework of critical criminology. These results indicate the historical violence selectivity perpetrated by state mechanisms of punitive control, which seduce with the possible ability to assume the defense of social interests of utmost importance, but do not deliver what they promise. In addition, the data revealed a tendency to incarceration, during the criminal proceedings, even if, in the end, these are not applied. Great contradiction of the criminal justice system lived in the context of domestic violence, which reproduces violence and pain.

O enigma da capital estuda a mudança do vice-reinado português da Bahia para o Rio de Janeiro em 1763. Contesta a tese da inevitabilidade dessa mudança. Relativiza a importância do Rio de Janeiro. Realça a importância da Bahia. Reafirma a centralidade de Lisboa na tomada de decisão. Apresenta cenários políticos e econômicos europeus e americanos do reinado do rei José e da gestão do secretário Sebastião compreendidos no período que recobre do tratado de Madrid de 1750 ao fim da guerra de sete anos em 1763. Enfatiza o concerto de alianças luso-inglesas e franco-espanholas. Acentua a influência dos diplomatas ingleses em Portugal. Reavalia a presença de enviados franceses e espanhóis em Lisboa. Recupera personagens capitais dessa diplomacia. Exibe figuras inglesas agudas e engenhosas como os embaixadores Abraham Castres e Edward Hay, os chanceleres Willian Pitt e conde de Egremont, o oficial James OHara, afamado lord Tyrawley. Expõe personalidades francesas decisivas como o conde de Merle, a madame Pompadour, o ministro Jacques ODunne, os chanceleres François-Joachim Pierre Bernis e Étienne-François Choiseul. Informa da relação conflituosa e cooperativa entre eles e os secretários do rei José. Indica a fina sintonia do secretário Sebastião com o embaixador Edward Hay. Lembra que trabalharam hand by hand durante os momentos decisivos da guerra. Reconhece a gravidade da guerra e sua difícil gestão do lado português. Relata como a onipresença de problemas europeus inviabilizou eventual participação mais ativa dos homens do rei José nas complicações americanas. Revalora a importância do governador Gomes Freire de Andrade, o conde de Bobadela. Diz de sua condição de confiado irrestrito da corte de Lisboa nas Américas. Fala de sua presença no contencioso Sacramento e de sua atuação como governador do Rio de Janeiro e do desolamento transcontinental que sua morte no início de 1763 causou. Propõe que a mudança da sede do vice-reinado para o Rio de Janeiro esteve em muito relacionada à sua morte. Leva em conta a força que o Rio de Janeiro ganhou com a exploração de ouro, mas demonstra a influência inabalável da Bahia nos séculos. Ressalta diferenças dessas duas capitanias. Defende que a decisão de mudar a capital para o Rio de Janeiro teve pouco ou nada que ver com possível capitalidade ou ainda intransponível importância adquirida pelo Rio de Janeiro. Suporta, com documentação administrativa e diplomática portuguesa, luso-brasileira, inglesa, francesa, espanhola, que houve absoluta indiferença no referente à mudança do lugar do vice-reinado no Brasil. Entende que a valorização do tema e do próprio Rio de Janeiro como capital inevitável foi construção histórico-ideológica dos séculos seguintes.
The enigma of capital does a study on the Portuguese viceroyalty capital change from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. It contests the thesis of the inevitability of that change. It relativizes the importance of Rio de Janeiro. It stresses the importance of Bahia. It reaffirms the centrality of Lisbon in the decision-making. It presents political and economic European and American scenarios under King Joseph`s reign and the management of Under-Secretary Sebastian within a period that covers the treaty of Madrid in 1750 to the end of seven years war in 1763. It emphasizes the concert alliances Luso-English and French-Spanish. It emphasizes the influence of British diplomats in Portugal. It reassesses the presence of envoys from France and Spain in Lisbon. It recovers the importance characters of this diplomacy. It displays some sharp and witty English personages as ambassadors Abraham Castres and Edward Hay, the foreign ministers William Pitt and Earl of Egremont, Officer James O\'Hara, the famous Lord Tyrawley. It exposes decisive French personalities as the Count de Merle, Madame Pompadour, Ambassador Jacques O\'Dunne, the Chancellor Pierre Francois-Joachim Bernis and Étienne-François Choiseul. It tells the confrontational and cooperative relationship between them and the king Josephs Under-Secretaries. It indicates the fine tuning of the Under-Secretary Sebastian to the ambassador Edward Hay. It remembers that they worked hand by hand during the decisive moments of the war. It recognizes the seriousness of war and its difficult to manage the Portuguese side. It relates how the omnipresence of European problems made it impossible for more active participation of King Joseph`s people due complications in America. It reevaluates the importance of Governor Gomes Freire de Andrade, Count of Bobadela. It says about his status as unrestricted and trustful inside the court of Lisbon in the Americas. It speaks of his presence in the Sacramento litigation and his performance as governor of Rio de Janeiro and the transcontinental desolation that his death caused in early 1763. It proposes that the change of the seat to viceroyalty in Rio de Janeiro was very much related to his death. It considers the force that Rio de Janeiro got with the exploration of gold, but it demonstrates the steady influence of Bahia in the centuries. It highlights differences in these two provinces. It argues that the decision to move the capital to Rio de Janeiro had little or nothing to do with possible \"capitality\" or insurmountable importance acquired by Rio de Janeiro. It supports, with Portuguese, Luso-Brazilian, English, French, Spanish administrative and diplomatic documentation, that there was complete indifference with regard to the change of place of the viceroyalty in Brazil. It believes that the valuation of the subject and Rio de Janeiro itself as the capital was inevitable historical and ideological construction of the following centuries.

Since Dengue fever (DF) and its related forms, Dengue Hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) have become important health concerns worldwide, it is also imperative to develop methods which will help in the analysis of the incidences. Dengue fever cases are growing in number as it also invades widely, affecting larger number of countries and crossing climatic boundaries. Considering that the disease as of now has neither an effective vaccine nor a cure, monitoring in order to prevent or control is the resorted alternative. GIS and its related technologies offer a wealth of interesting capabilities towards achieving this goal.

The intention of this study was to develop methods to describe dengue fever outbreaks taking Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as a case study. Careful study of Census data with appropriate attributes was made to find out their potential influence on dengue fever incidence in the various regions or census districts. Dengue incidence data from year 2000 to year 2008 reported by the municipal secretariat of Rio was used to extract the necessary census districts. Base map files in MapInfo format were converted to shape files.  Using ArcGIS it was possible to merge the dengue fever incidence data with the available base map file of the City of Rio according to corresponding census districts. Choropleth maps were then created using different attributes from which patterns and trends could be used to describe the characteristic of the outbreak with respect to the socio-economic conditions. Incidence data were also plotted in Excel to see temporal variations. Cluster analysis were performed with the Moran I technique on critical periods and years of dengue outbreak. Using the square root of dengue incidence from January to April 2002 and 2008, inverse distance was selected as the conceptualised spatial relationship, Euclidean distance as the distance method. More detailed analyses were then done on the selected critical years of dengue outbreak, (years 2002 and 2008), to investigate the influence of socio-economic variables on dengue incidence per census district.

 

Dengue incidence rate appeared to be higher during the rainy and warmer months between December and May. Outbreaks of dengue occurred in years 2002 and 2008 over the study period of year 2000 to 2008. Some factors included in the census data were influential in the dengue prevalence according to districts. Satisfactory results can be achieved by using this strategy as a quick method for assessing potential dengue attack, spread and possible enabling conditions. The method has the advantage where there is limited access to field work, less financial means for acquisition of data and other vital resources.

A number of difficulties were encountered during the study however and leaves areas where further work can be done for improvements. More variables would be required in order to make a complete and comprehensive description of influential conditions and factors.  There is still a gap in the analytical tools required for multi-dimensional investigations as the ones encountered in this study.  It is vital to integrate ‘GPS’ and ‘Remote Sensing’ in order to obtain a variety of up-to-date data with higher resolution.

 

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta dissertação procurou investigar a experiência do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2011 a 2013, na qual o governo federal e o governo estadual estabelecem uma parceria no combate à pobreza extrema, com destaque para a convergência de dois programas de transferência direta de renda: Bolsa Família e Renda Melhor. As circunstâncias políticas a partir de 2006 favoreceram a cooperação entre os entes federados, especialmente a reprodução no plano estadual da aliança nacional entre o PT e o PMDB. Apesar dos resultados promissores alcançados e da expectativa positiva dos gestores públicos estaduais, a consolidação da cooperação intergovernamental ainda depende de um sistema de avaliação integrado, da capacidade de incorporação de todos os municípios no âmbito estadual, da identificação de mecanismos que assegurem ao longo do tempo autonomia à população beneficiada e do entendimento da sociedade de que a pobreza é um mal a ser combatido com iniciativas governamentais de longo prazo.
The main objective of this work is to investigate the experience of the State of Rio de Janeiro, from 2011 to 2013, in which the federal government and the state government established a partnership combating extreme poverty, highlighting the convergence of two programs of direct income transfer: Bolsa Família e Renda Melhor. The political circumstances after 2006 favored cooperation between federal entities, especially when reproducing the national alliance between PT and PMDB parties in the state. Despite all the promising results achieved and the positive expectation of state’s public managers, the consolidation of intergovernmental cooperation still depends on an integrated evaluation system, on the capacity to incorporate all the municipalities statewide, on the identification of mechanisms to ensure over time that the population focused by the programs will reach autonomy and on the society understanding that poverty is an evil to be fought with long term government initiatives.

Thesis advisor: Jennie Purnell
Thesis advisor: Gerald Easter
This thesis seeks to explore how drug cartels achieved de facto sovereign control over the favelas of Rio de Janeiro between 2000 and 2010, effectively preventing the Brazilian state from guaranteeing the rule of law uniformly throughout national territory. It also investigates the extent to which Brazilian citizens have suffered human rights abuses as a result. Drawing on both primary and secondary evidence, I argue that drug cartels gained sovereignty over these enclaves as a combined result of state weakness and cartel strength. The Brazilian state forfeited these territories a century ago, because it was infrastructurally weak to such an extent that it was unable to systematically penetrate them in order to monopolize violence, enforce laws, and provide public services. The cartels, in turn, exploited the favelas as ideal locations for the transport, repackaging, and sale of drugs. Benefiting from the profits of illicit activities, the gangs transformed into well-armed, bellicose organizations that maintained authority over the communities by performing state-like duties. In due course, organized crime amassed sufficient control over the favelas to thwart most state encroachments. Examining the exceptions, I found that the limited police encroachments were largely rights abusive--save those made by the Pacifying Police Units. State weakness and cartel strength have disjointed the rule of law and undermined democracy in Brazil
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

Favelas are Brazilian informal housing settlements that are areas of concentrated poverty. In Rio de Janeiro, favelas are perceived as areas of heightened criminal activity and violence, and residents experience discrimination, and little access to quality education and employment opportunities. In this context, hundreds of non-formal educational arts and leisure programs work to build the self-esteem and identity of youth in Rio’s favelas as a way of preventing the youth from negative local influences. The Morrinho organization, located in the Pereira da Silva favela in Rio, uses art as a way for the local male youth to communicate their lived reality. This study used a visual critical ethnographic methodology to describe the way in which the Morrinho participants interpret living in a favela. Seventeen semi-structured interviews with young men aged 15 to 29, the feature-length documentary film on the organization, 206 researcher produced documentary style photographs of the Morrinho artwork, and the researcher’s field notes were analyzed. Truth claims, ways of seeing as communicated through words and actions, were induced through a cyclical process of reconstructive horizon analysis that incorporated the societal context and critical theory. The participants communicated their concerns about life in a favela; however, they did not describe their societal positions in terms of complete marginalization. They named multiple benefits of living in Pereira da Silva, discussed positive and negative experiences in school, and described ways they circumvented discrimination. Morrinho as an organization was described as an enthralling game and a social project that benefited dozens of local youth. Character development was a valuable result of participation at Morrinho. The Morrinho artwork communicates a nuanced vision of both benevolent and violent social actors, and counters the overwhelmingly negative dominant characterization of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas. This study has implications for an inclusive critical pedagogy and the use of art as a means to facilitate a transformative education. Further research is recommended to explore terminology used to refer to favelas, and perceptions that favela residents have of their experiences in public education.

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este estudo aborda a experiência mutualista na cidade Rio de Janeiro ao longo do Segundo Reinado. Analisa, em particular, a atuação de um conjunto de sociedades organizadas por artesãos e operários de diferentes ofícios manuais num período em que o Conselho de Estado, órgão consultivo do governo monárquico, cuidou de garantir as prerrogativas das normas para o funcionamento de associações civis e mercantis criadas no império. Esse processo desencadeou um amplo movimento protagonizado por vários grupos sociais interessados em obter o reconhecimento político e legal de suas entidades, estabelecendo, por conseguinte, profundos nexos entre as formas de dominação e as práticas associativas. A dissertação demonstra a partir do exame dos socorros oferecidos e dos modos de recortar o universo social e financeiro, que as mutuais de ofício desempenharam um papel significativo naquele quadro de relações, evidenciando atitudes, expectativas e valores pertencentes ao universo do trabalho e da proteção social
Abstract: This study deals with the mutualist movement experience in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the Second Reign. It analyses, in particular, the acting of a group of societies organized by craftsmen and workers from different kinds of manual occupations during a time when the State Council, a consultative body of the monarchic government, took care to ensure the prerogatives of rules for the action of the civil and mercantile associations created in the imperial period. This process initiated a vast movement performed by many social groups interested in achieving the legal and political recognition of its entities, establishing deep connections between forms of domination and associative practices. The dissertation shows from the examination of the offered assistances and the ways of highlighting the social and financial environment, that the mutual occupational organizations performed a significant role in that framework of relations, pointing attitudes, expectations and values which belong to the universe of work and social protection
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História

Many Latin American countries have during the past decades experienced an increase in violence (Howard et al 2007:716). The expansion of youth gangs and drug cartels in many countries of the region, and the states policy to fight these groups with a strong fist, has created a situation bearing the characteristics of an un-proclaimed civil war, that has come to affect all social classes (ibid:719). This expansion of the problem of violence, and the notion of insecurity it brings, has resulted in an increase in talk about the matter. As a way of trying to grasp control over a seemingly out of control issue, people automatically try to pin down characteristics of the potential perpetrators. Already socially excluded people and minorities on the bottom of the social hierarchy are the ones that have to suffer the stigmatization of criminality as they are seen as more prone to assort to crime and violence due to their economical desperate and unjust living situations (Caldeira 2000:92). These people that are the most exposed and vulnerable to the effects of economic development become personified with the problems that social exclusion and economic inequality creates, such as crime and violence (Howard et al 2007:716). As these groups of people become criminalized, the question of solving these issues becomes not a question of solving the root causes such as the economic inequalities, but the government’s ability to keep these social groups at bay (Caldeira 2000:90). An increase in violence and crime is therefore not perceived as a result of inequality in income and opportunity, but rather as the result of a weak state (ibid). This aim of this research is to analyze how media discourses in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, contributes to the personification of the residents of the Favelas as violent and criminal. This paper will follow the lines of critical discourse analysis theories, which argue that media discourses justify unequal power relations in society and enforces inequality and the social exclusion of minorities (Van Dijk 1988:25). It will also be argued that it is this stereotypical view of the residents of the Favela as inheritably criminal and violent which lead to dehumanization of them and the justification of the killings of civilians in these neighborhoods (Caldeira 2000:20; Goldstein 2003:205; Perlman 2010:172).

Este trabalho tratou de analisar o processo de criminalização das drogas no Brasil. A cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1921 e 1945 foi tomada como limite espaço-temporal desta investigação que teve por objetivo compreender como a sociedade carioca de então passou a processar a existência d as drogas a partir do momento em que elas se tornaram ilegais. O propósito foi entender como foram estabelecidos os campos de interdição para as drogas criminalizadas naqueles anos. O ponto de partida foram os discursos médicos produzidos no período resgatados das atas da Academia Nacional de Medicina, das publicações da Liga Nacional de Higiene Mental, da Liga Nacional Contra o Alcoolismo e em outras revistas e jornais da cidade procurando remontar suas argumentações para sustentar o novo ideário de ilegalidade das drogas ilegais. A visão médica pela própria natureza da função social deste campo do conhecimento à época se espraia pela sociedade alçando outros setores igualmente fundamentais no preparo da proscrição das drogas. Assim, a percepção do legislativo através da leitura da letra da lei mesma e do jurídico aqui esboçado apenas pela vertente da medicina-legal também foram analisadas. Utilizando clivagens sócio- antropológicas numa perspectiva diacrônica, a pesquisa alcança jornais, revistas especializadas, produção acadêmica (médica) e literária de então,além dos discursos da polícia através de seus relatórios e prática diária relativa às drogas para configurar questões raciais, sociais, político-ideológicas entre outras. A pesquisa se debruça sobre as implicações destas orientações na cultura das drogas desenvolvida desde então procurando observar como as instituições sociais forjavam seus instrumentos de controle e repressão.
This study tried to analyze the process of criminalization of drugs in Brazil. The city of Rio de Janeiro during the years between 1921 and 1945 was taken as the limit space and time that this research aimed to understand how the camps were established for the interdiction of drugs criminalized i n those years. Were the medical discourse on the matter produced in the minutes of the National Academy of Medicine, the National League for Mental Hygiene and the National League Against Alcoholism, looking back to support their arguments on purpose of making illegal drugs. The medical view by its social function of this field of knowledge at the time extends by society bringing other crucial sectors in the preparation of the proscription of drugs. Thus, the perception of the law by reading the letter of the law itself and legal outlined here only by the forensic vision were also analyzed. In this ultimately instance, reports of police chiefs and specialized magazines of the corporation were analyzed. Using socio-anthropological divisions in a diachronic perspective, the search has newspapers, magazines, academic and literary production of the time, besides the police speeches and their daily practice against drugs to set racial issues, social, political, ideological and others. The research focuses on the implications of these guidelines in the culture of drugs developed for observing how social institutions forged instruments of control and repression.

Durante a segunda metade do século XVIII até a chegada da Família Real portuguesa ao Brasil, havia mulheres viúvas livres que compravam e vendiam bens, administravam escravos, vendiam açúcar ou café e criavam filhos na capitania do Rio de Janeiro. Nosso objetivo é estudar essas mulheres que, com a morte dos maridos, passaram a chefes de domicílio, mas continuavam mães. Para tanto, analisamos os inventários post-mortem sob a guarda do Arquivo Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e documentos relacionados ao tema no Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino. Muitas viúvas que examinamos herdaram do marido metade de tudo o que o seu casal havia conseguido amealhar nos anos que estiveram juntos. Essas mulheres adquiriram capacidade jurídica para decidir o que fazer com tudo aquilo que passou às suas mãos após a morte do esposo. Além disso, muitas delas eram tutoras de seus filhos o que lhes garantia a administração do patrimônio deles até sua maioridade e, algumas, sabiam ler e escrever. Entretanto nem todas puderam desfrutar de uma vida tranquila durante os dias que se seguiram à perda do marido. Várias delas perderam todo, ou grande parte de seu patrimônio, com o pagamento de dívidas do casal. São essas mulheres que nos propomos a examinar em nosso trabalho.
During the second half of the 18th century, until the Portuguese royal family arrival Brazil, there were free widowed women who bought and sold goods, admnistrated slaves, engaged on the sugar cane sale and other commodities trade, and raised their children in Rio de Janeiro captaincy. Our main purpose is to study these women who became household head after their husbands death, however continuing absorbed on their mothers tasks. Therefore, we analyzed the post-mortem inventories of these couples under the custody of the National Archive of Rio de Janeiro and other related sources on the Overseas Historical Archive. Many of these women we studied inherited from their husbands half of everything their couples had managed to harvest in the years they had been together. These women acquired legal capacity to decide what to do with everything that passed into their hands after the husbands\' death. Furthermore, many of these women became guardians of their husbands inheritors 6 which assured them the administration of the children heritage until they achieved the age of majority. Some of these women could also read and write. However, many of these widows were not in a position to enjoy a peaceful life after their husbands deceased because part of them lost large amounts of their inheritance by paying the couples debts. These are the free women we propose to investigate in our work.

This project examines the Baixada Fluminense (or simply the Baixada), in metropolitan Rio. It specifically analyzes how rapid urbanization affected political and social change during Brazil's reasonably democratic 1945-1964 period. More specifically, I analyze how local-level populist politics, the accelerated social transformation resulting from industrialization, urbanization, violence, the press, and changes in the countryside not only affected the areas residents, but reflected trends, transformations, and major shifts on the national level as well as in Latin America as a whole. In effect, I argue that national issues became local issues, and vice-versa. This project, through a close textual analysis of both archival and printed sources, analyzes the political career of Tenório Cavalcanti, the region's dominant politician and strongman (known as the "Man in the Black Cape") as a an entry point into various aspects political and social climates on both the local and national levels. The Baixada, previously an agricultural area, became a center of industry with a population of nearly one million by 1960. The new arrivals to the Baixada included impoverished migrants from the countryside as well many of the urban poor from nearby Rio de Janeiro who sought both employment and living accommodations within their financial means. Tenório, whose career as a populist politician spanned this entire period, reflected the demographic, social and political changes in his electorate. His gradual shift from right to left (as a result of an increasingly radical and organized lower class constituency in both the city and the countryside) exemplified this phenomenon. I also challenge the notion of the "Populist Republic"- the nickname commonly given to the 1945-1964 period. By fully acknowledging that populism existed on a large scale, and that it is generally viewed in a negative light from both the left and the right, I argue that many of the problems of the democratic period (and the populist politics that dominated the era) resulted as much from systemic limitations and an incomplete transition to democracy as it did from corruption and demagoguery (by-products of these very limitations).