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Gautam, Ajeevan, Rajib Chaulagain und Deepesh Dhungel. „Morphological Variations of the Lungs: A Cadaveric Study“. Nepal Medical College Journal 23, Nr. 4 (31.12.2021): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v23i4.42221.
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The lungs are the organs of respiration which are situated on either side of the heart and other mediastinal contents in its pleural cavity. A fresh lung is spongy, can float in water and crepitates when handled. Lungs are important with respect to its blood circulation. The lungs are divided by fissures into lobes which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another. The hilum of each lung is its gateway. In the present study, we aim to assess the morphological variations of human cadaveric lungs at Chitwan Medical College (CMC). An observational study was conducted at dissection hall of anatomy department at Chitwan Medical College from September 2019 to October 2020 after taking ethical approval form Institutional Review Committee of CMC. All the intact 70 lungs present in the department were studied. Photographs of the intact lungs were taken from different surface. The lungs were porus, highly elastic and spongy in texture. On keeping lungs to water tank it got floated. We found 34(80.96%) of the studied specimen of right side had horizontal fissure present in it. The remaining 8 (19.04%) specimens did not have horizontal fissures, while 3 (5.88%) specimens had incomplete fissures. The oblique fissure was not present in 2 (2.38%) of the study specimens. The left side of the study specimen has a variance of 1(4.16%). When the hilum right lung was examined, 40 (95.23%) of the structure had the usual organization pattern. In the left lung, the usual pattern of organization was 21(75%). The differences are thought to be present in the lung’s fissure and hilum. The current study’s findings are therapeutically important. The findings could prove beneficial to cardiovascular and thoracic surgeons.
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Koch, Achim, Nikolaus Pizanis, Carolin Olbertz, Omar Abou-Issa, Christian Taube, Alexis Slama, Clemens Aigner, Heinz G. Jakob und Markus Kamler. „One-year experience with ex vivo lung perfusion: Preliminary results from a single center“. International Journal of Artificial Organs 41, Nr. 8 (05.07.2018): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398818783391.
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Objective: To enlarge the donor pool for lung transplantation, an increasing number of extended criteria donor lungs are used. However, in more than 50% of multi-organ donors the lungs are not used. Ex vivo lung perfusion offers a unique possibility to evaluate and eventually recondition the injured donor lungs. The aim of our study was to assess the enlargement of the donor pool and the outcome with extended criteria donor lungs after ex vivo lung perfusion. Patients and Methods: Data were prospectively collected in our lung transplant database. We compared the results of lung transplants after ex vivo lung perfusion with those after conventional cold static preservation. In total, 11 extended criteria donor lungs processed with ex vivo lung perfusion and 41 cold static preservation lungs transplanted consecutively between May 2016 and May 2017 were evaluated. Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion was performed according to the Toronto protocol for 4 h. Cold static preservation lungs were stored in low-potassium dextran solution. Results: Ex vivo lung perfusion lungs before procurement had significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratios and more X-ray abnormalities. There were no statistically significant differences for pre-donation ventilation time, smoking history, or sex. After reconditioning with ex vivo lung perfusion, 9 out of 11 processed lungs were considered suitable and successfully transplanted. The mean postoperative ventilation time and in-hospital stay were not significantly different in ex vivo lung perfusion and cold static preservation recipients. Conclusion: Ex vivo lung perfusion can safely be used in the evaluation of lungs initially considered not suitable for transplantation. The primary outcome was not negatively affected and normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion is a useful tool to increase the usage of potentially transplantable lungs.
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Yablonskiy, Dmitriy A., Alexander L. Sukstanskii, Jason C. Woods, David S. Gierada, James D. Quirk, James C. Hogg, Joel D. Cooper und Mark S. Conradi. „Quantification of lung microstructure with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI“. Journal of Applied Physiology 107, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2009): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00386.2009.
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The structure and integrity of pulmonary acinar airways and their changes in different diseases are of great importance and interest to a broad range of physiologists and clinicians. The introduction of hyperpolarized gases has opened a door to in vivo studies of lungs with MRI. In this study we demonstrate that MRI-based measurements of hyperpolarized 3He diffusivity in human lungs yield quantitative information on the value and spatial distribution of lung parenchyma surface-to-volume ratio, number of alveoli per unit lung volume, mean linear intercept, and acinar airway radii—parameters that have been used by lung physiologists for decades and are accepted as gold standards for quantifying emphysema. We validated our MRI-based method in six human lung specimens with different levels of emphysema against direct unbiased stereological measurements. We demonstrate for the first time MRI images of these lung microgeometric parameters in healthy lungs and lungs with different levels of emphysema (mild, moderate, and severe). Our data suggest that decreases in lung surface area per volume at the initial stages of emphysema are due to dramatic decreases in the depth of the alveolar sleeves covering the alveolar ducts and sacs, implying dramatic decreases in the lung's gas exchange capacity. Our novel methods are sufficiently sensitive to allow early detection and diagnosis of emphysema, providing an opportunity to improve patient treatment outcomes, and have the potential to provide safe and noninvasive in vivo biomarkers for monitoring drug efficacy in clinical trials.
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James, A., G. Pearce-Pinto und D. Hillman. „Effects of lung volume and surface forces on maximal airway smooth muscle shortening“. Journal of Applied Physiology 77, Nr. 4 (01.10.1994): 1755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1755.
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The effects of lung volume and surface forces on airway smooth muscle shortening were studied in isolated perfused rat lungs. The lungs were inflated via the trachea with gas or Krebs solution (n = 12 each) to volumes equivalent to gas inflation pressures of 5 (low), 15 (medium), and 25 (high) cmH2O (n = 4 each). At each volume, two of the four lungs were perfused with methacholine (10(-2) M) and then all were perfused with Formalin for fixation. The amount of smooth muscle shortening present in transverse sections of the airways was determined by comparing the observed outer perimeter of the smooth muscle layer with its calculated relaxed perimeter. In the control lungs, mean shortening was < or = 10% in all groups except the liquid-filled lungs at low lung volumes [33 +/- 12% (SD)]. In the methacholine-stimulated lungs, mean shortening was between 45 and 56% at medium and low lung volumes in gas- and liquid-filled lungs, respectively, and approximated the degree of shortening required to cause airway closure. At high lung volume, less shortening was observed in the methacholine-stimulated lungs, either liquid (34 +/- 17%) or gas filled (16 +/- 19%; P < 0.05 compared with liquid filled). The effects of lung volume in liquid-filled lungs and the differences in response between gas- and liquid-filled lungs demonstrate, respectively, that both lung tissue recoil and surface forces act to oppose shortening of maximally stimulated smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Hass, M. A., und D. Massaro. „Differences in CuZn superoxide dismutase induction in lungs of neonatal and adult rats“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 253, Nr. 1 (01.07.1987): C66—C70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.253.1.c66.
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The failure of adult rats to survive prolonged exposure to greater than 95% O2 is generally ascribed to the inability of their lungs to increase antioxidant enzyme synthesis in response to the oxidant challenge. We studied the synthesis rate of the antioxidant enzyme CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) in lungs of adult and neonatal rats exposed to conditions that alter the lung's oxidant-to-antioxidant balance. Lung CuZn SOD synthesis in the adult was significantly increased after 24 h of hyperoxia but fell to control levels after further exposure, whereas in neonatal lungs an increased rate of synthesis of CuZn SOD was found only after 72 h of hyperoxia. The adult lung responded to two in vitro oxidant stresses, [diethyldithiocarbamate exposure and heat (42 degrees C)] with increases in CuZn SOD synthesis twice the magnitude of those in the neonatal lung. These data indicate that the adult lung is at least as capable as the neonatal lung of increasing its synthesis of CuZn SOD in response to an oxidative stress. However, the inability of the adult lung to maintain an increased rate of CuZn SOD synthesis during in vivo hyperoxia may contribute to the poor tolerance of the adult lung to greater than 95% O2.
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Stettler, L. E., S. F. Platek, D. H. Groth, F. H. Y. Green und V. Vallyathan. „Particle Contents of Human Lungs“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100117595.
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) have been used by numerous investigators to study the particle content of human lungs. Most of this work has been performed on lung specimens from subjects with known or suspected lung diseases. The object of these analyses has been an attempt to relate the composition and concentration of the particles present in the lungs to the lung disease. A major factor missing from past microanalysis work has been data from typical “normal” lungs with which the analyses of diseased lungs could be compared. Currently in progress at NIOSH, is a study in which the particle contents of 96 urban lungs from the Cincinnati, Ohio area are being determined.Preliminary results for thirty-five of these lung samples will be presented and discussed in the report. When completed, the analysis data will serve as background or baseline data for typical urban lungs with which comparisons of the particle contents of diseased lungs can be made.
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Szpinda, Michał, Waldemar Siedlaczek, Anna Szpinda, Alina Woźniak, Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska und Mateusz Badura. „Quantitative Anatomy of the Growing Lungs in the Human Fetus“. BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/362781.
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Using anatomical, digital, and statistical methods we examined the three-dimensional growth of the lungs in 67 human fetuses aged 16–25 weeks. The lung dimensions revealed no sex differences. The transverse and sagittal diameters and the base circumference were greater in the right lungs while the lengths of anterior and posterior margins and the lung height were greater in the left lungs. The best-fit curves for all the lung parameters were natural logarithmic models. The transverse-to-sagittal diameter ratio remained stable and averaged0.56±0.08and0.52±0.08for the right and left lungs, respectively. For the right and left lungs, the transverse diameter-to-height ratio significantly increased from0.74±0.09to0.92±0.08and from0.56±0.07to0.79±0.09, respectively. The sagittal diameter-to-height ratio significantly increased from1.41±0.23to1.66±0.18in the right lung, and from1.27±0.17to1.48±0.22in the left lung. In the fetal lungs, their proportionate increase in transverse and sagittal diameters considerably accelerates with relation to the lung height. The lung dimensions in the fetus are relevant in the evaluation of the normative pulmonary growth and the diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia.
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Ahn, So Yoon, Dong Kyung Sung, Yun Sil Chang und Won Soon Park. „Intratracheal Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Microbial Dysbiosis in the Lungs, Brain, and Gut in Newborn Rats“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 12 (13.06.2022): 6601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126601.
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We attempted to determine whether intratracheal (IT) transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could simultaneously attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injuries and microbial dysbiosis of the lungs, brain, and gut in newborn rats. Newborn rats were exposed to hyperoxia (90% oxygen) for 14 days. Human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (5 × 105) were transplanted via the IT route on postnatal day (P) five. At P14, the lungs were harvested for histological, biochemical, and microbiome analyses. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes from the lungs, brain, and large intestine were amplified, pyrosequenced, and analyzed. IT transplantation of MSCs simultaneously attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung inflammation and the ensuing injuries, as well as the dysbiosis of the lungs, brain, and gut. In correlation analyses, lung interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria in the lungs, brain, and gut, and it was significantly inversely correlated with the abundance of Firmicutes in the gut and lungs and that of Bacteroidetes in the lungs. In conclusion, microbial dysbiosis in the lungs, brain, and gut does not cause but is caused by hyperoxic lung inflammation and ensuing injuries, and IT transplantation of MSCs attenuates dysbiosis in the lungs, brain, and gut, primarily by their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Nelson, PG, und AM Perks. „Effects of lung expansion on lung liquid production in vitro by lungs from fetal guinea-pigs. II. Evidence for generation of an inhibitory factor“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, Nr. 3 (1996): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960347.
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Lungs from near-term fetal guinea-pigs were supported in vitro for 3 h; lung liquid production was measured by a dye-dilution method using Blue Dextran 2000 [fetuses 63 +/- 2 days of gestation, 97.6 +/- 19.8 (SD) g body weight]. Preparations were incubated in pairs taken from the same mother. Twenty lungs incubated in pairs without treatment (controls) showed no significant changes in fluid production throughout incubation (analysis of variance; regression analysis); rates in successive hours were: first lung, 1.36 +/- 0.39, 1.09 +/- 0.34 and 1.27 +/- 0.42 ml/kg body weight per h; second lung, 1.46 +/- 0.52, 1.09 +/- 0.41 and 1.18 +/- 0.43 ml/kg body weight per h. Twenty lungs were incubated similarly in pairs, but after one hour one lung from each pair was expanded with Krebs-Henseleit saline in volumes approximating those of the first breath (68 +/- 10% of lung volume). The expanded lungs began to reabsorb fluid immediately after expansion; the untreated lungs also stopped production or reached reabsorption by the final hour. Rates in successive hours were: expanded lungs; before expansion, 1.00 +/- 0.21, after expansion, -0.23 +/- 0.17 and 0.14 +/- 0.09 ml/kg body weight per h; unexpanded lungs, 1.27 +/- 0.49, 0.02 +/- 0.01 and -0.01 +/- 0.004 ml/kg body weight per h. The decrease in production was significant for each type of lung. The effects persisted in both expanded and unexpanded lungs in the presence of 1.78 x 10(-5) M phentolamine (n = 12; 70 +/- 2% expansion). The results suggest that expansion of the lungs at birth may release an unknown inhibitory factor, provisionally termed Expansion Factor (EF), within the lungs; this agent, probably not a catecholamine, can change lung fluid production into reabsorption and may partly account for the failure of beta-antagonists to prevent fluid reabsorption at delivery.
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Khubutiya, M. Sh, A. M. Gasanov, E. A. Tarabrin, T. V. Chernen’kaya, T. E. Kallagov und E. I. Pervakova. „A comparison of airway microbiota in donors and recipients of lung transplants“. Russian Pulmonology 29, Nr. 2 (01.07.2019): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-2-184-188.
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This study was aimed at investigation of relationships between bronchial washing culture in post-transplant recipient and bronchial flora of the lung donor. Methods. A comparative analysis of bronchial washing cultures from 30 post-transplant lung recipients was performed. All lung donors were stratified to ideal, suboptimal and marginal donors according to the lung transplant suitability. Results. As a result, development of post-transplant pulmonary complications was directly related to bacterial flora of the donor lung. The incidence of pneumonia in post-transplant patients was 3.3% after transplantation of ideal donor lungs, 20% after transplantation of suboptimal donors lungs and 100% after transplantation of marginal donor lungs. Conclusion. The rate of pneumonia in transplanted lungs was directly related to bronchial flora in the donor lungs. This should be taken into account when planning antibacterial therapy after lung transplantation.
Eriksson, Leif. „Lung transplantation clinical and experimental studies /“. Lund : Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Physiology, University of Lund, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39068785.html.
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McLennan, Geoffrey. „Oxygen toxicity and radiation injury to the pulmonary system“. Title page, index and forward only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm164.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 168-184. The work in this study encompasses oxygen free radical related inflammation in the peripheral lung and in lung cells. Animal and human studies have been used. Methods include cell culture with function studies, protein chemistry, animal and human physiology, and cell and lung structure through histopathology, and various forms of electron microscopy. The work resulting from this thesis has formed an important basis for understanding acute and chronic lung injury.
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Merriman, Carolyn. „Thorax and Lungs“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8532.
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Chan, Kan-kam. „Disablement, power resources and powerlessness of silicotic patients in Hong Kong /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13990974.
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Wong, Pui-sze. „The lived experience of Hong Kong Chinese men undergoing radiotherapy to treat lung cancer /“. View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38296251.
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Johansson, Soller Maria. „Cytogenetic studies of lung tumors“. Lund : Dept. of Clinical Genetics, University of Lund, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39068855.html.
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Irving, Samantha. „Gas mixing in the lungs of children with obstructive lung disease“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25402.
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Introduction: CF (cystic fibrosis) and PCD (primary ciliary dyskinesia) are obstructive airway diseases characterised by frequent infections and neutrophilic inflammation. However, PCD has a much milder course than CF. Pilot data showed that in PCD (n=8) the relationship between LCI (lung clearance index) derived from multiple breath washout (MBW), and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) differed from the established correlation in CF. This thesis sought to identify the reasons. Materials and Methods: Larger PCD (n=38) and CF cohorts (n=125), a non-CF bronchiectasis comparator group (n=28), and healthy controls (n=44) were recruited. All performed LCI and spirometry, and subgroups had more complex MBW parameters (conventional and modified phase III analysis and curvilinearity) calculated and HRCT scans scored. Results: As in the pilot data, there was no relationship between LCI and FEV1 in PCD, unlike in CF. PCD patients had fewer structural abnormalities than CF despite similar or worse spirometry and LCI, and the relationship between HRCT and spirometry or LCI in PCD was again different from that seen in CF. MBW analyses showed that Scond* is near-normal in PCD, suggesting less flow asynchrony, compared with CF. Conclusions: There are differences in the nature of distal airway disease between PCD and CF. As the non-CF bronchiectasis patients were similar to CF (rather than PCD), this likely results from the primary mucociliary clearance defect in PCD compared with secondary impairment in the other two conditions. This may be important as care of PCD patients is extrapolated from that of CF patients, which may not be appropriate. It is important not to extrapolate outcome measures uncritically between different disease groups, both clinically and when planning randomised controlled trials. Finally, a better understanding of what causes the better prognosis in PCD may help identify future new treatment avenues in CF.
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Garrad, E. Philippa. „The effects of temperature change and lung expansion on lung liquid production in in vitro preparations of lungs from fetal guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28989.
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This study examined the effects of lung expansion and changes in temperature on fluid movement by the lungs in the initial period after birth. In addition, experiments with amiloride support the belief that fluid reabsorption acts via a sodium transport mechanism.
Lungs from fetal guinea pigs (56-67 days of gestation) were supported in vitro for three hours, and lung liquid production rates were measured using a dye dilution technique. The average production rate in the first hour of untreated preparations was 1.30 ±0.22 ml/kg body weight per hour, and this did not change significantly during the remainder of the experiment (n=30). This rate is comparable to secretion rates previously reported from chronically catheterized sheep.
In 36 further preparations, the lungs were transferred from 37°C to fresh Krebs-Hanseleit saline at one of the following temperatures, for one hour (an ABA design): (a) 29°C; (b) 32°C; (c) 34°C; (d) 35°C; (e) 36°C; (f) 39°C. In all cases, the temperature change resulted in an immediate and significant fall in secretion. All lungs showed a tendency towards recovery when returned to starting conditions, except those subjected to a temperature increase. Reductions of 2-3°C, those normally seen in the delivery room, had the greatest effect and caused not only a decrease in secretion, but promoted fluid reabsorption. Amiloride at 10⁻⁶M had no effect on control preparations, but completely blocked the reabsorption stimulated by a temperature drop of 2°C.
Expansion of the lungs, which occurs naturally as a newborn attempts to take its first breaths, was also examined. Thirty fetal lungs were expanded by one of the following amounts: (a) 18%; (b) 31%; (c) 43%; (d) 50%; (e) 72%. All expansions resulted in a significant fall in secretion rate, with the effect being proportional to the degree of expansion. Amiloride at 10⁻⁶M again blocked the strong reabsorption occurring with 70% expansion. Further studies investigated the possibility that expansion causes reabsorption via the local release of a substance occurring in the lungs. When one set of lungs was expanded in the presence of a second, unexpanded set, both showed a significant
decrease in secretion, suggesting that the expanded lung had released some factor which affected the otherwise untreated lung. However, studies with α- and β- adrenergic blockers showed that it is unlikely the expanded lung was liberating either adrenaline or nor-adrenaline.
The results of this study show that two changes which are likely to occur in the period immediately after birth, namely a 2-3°C decrease in core temperature, and lung expansion, may be important in promoting the vital reabsorption of fluid. They suggest that expansion may release substances locally in the lungs which stimulate this reabsorption, and that the fluid is removed from the potential air spaces via sodium transport mechanisms. Science, Faculty of Zoology, Department of Graduate
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Lee, Richard. „An improved system for lung cancer diagnosis using lung cell images“. Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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1915-, Spencer Herbert, und Hasleton P. S, Hrsg. Spencer's pathology of the lung. 5. Aufl. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., Health Professions Division, 1996.
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Hruban, Ralph H., William H. Westra, Timothy H. Phelps und Christina Isacson. „Lungs“. In Surgical Pathology Dissection, 82–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2548-3_17.
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Hughes, Graham, Shirish Sangle und Simon Bowman. „Lungs“. In Sjögren’s Syndrome in Clinical Practice, 15–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06059-0_4.
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Treves, S. T., und A. B. Packard. „Lungs“. In Pediatric Nuclear Medicine, 159–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4205-3_11.
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Westra, William H., Timothy H. Phelps, Ralph H. Hruban und Christina Isacson. „Lungs“. In Surgical Pathology Dissection, 102–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21747-9_20.
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Oates, M. Elizabeth, und Vincent L. Sorrell. „Lungs“. In Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - Beyond the Left Ventricle, 71–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25436-4_10.
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Hughes, Graham, und Munther A. Khamashta. „Lungs“. In Hughes Syndrome: Highways and Byways, 39–40. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5161-6_8.
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Watkins, Claire A., und Bartley P. Griffith. „Artificial Lungs“. In Textbook of Organ Transplantation, 568–75. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118873434.ch50.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Lungs":
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Schinstock, Emma, Alex Deakyne, Tinen Iles, Andrew Shaffer und Paul A. Iaizzo. „Lung Allocation Pipeline: Machine Learning Approach to Optimized Lung Transplant“. In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9030.
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Abstract Lung donation is the most risky transplant procedures. With low survival rates, and poor acceptance of donated lungs, those in need of a lung transplant are at high risk of dying. One reason for poor outcomes is the lack of optimal match between donor and recipient when it comes to lung size and shape. Lungs that do not properly fit in the recipient’s chest cavity can fail to inflate fully and quickly start to deteriorate. In such patients, lung contusions can form, edema occurs in healthy lung tissue, and overall lung function declines. To improve patient outcomes after lung transplant, we describe here a developed a computational pipeline which enables donor lungs to be properly matched to recipients. This tool uses CT scans from both the donor and potential recipients to calculate how anatomically different the sets of lungs are, and therefore provide improved matches in both size and shape for the donor lungs.
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de Souza Lopes Palagar, Anna Esther, Katrine de Souza Guimarães, Gabriela Motta Vasconcelos, Karla Duarte Barreto Xavier und Luciano Matos Chicayban. „Elaboration of neonatal and pediatric mechanical lungs“. In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212404.
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Pediatric patients or newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) receive life support care due to various conditions and pathologies. The physiotherapist controls and applies medicinal gases, institutes and monitors invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, as well as performs weaning, among others. Learning ventilatory management must be appropriate for the age and, therefore, consider different lungs for the proper simulations of compliance and resistance. Although the insertion of physical therapists is relatively recent, there are several postgraduate courses and training in this area. The creation of a mechanical lungthat covers, separately, neonatal and pediatric patients will be a fundamental tool for the learning and training of future professionals who will work in the area. To develop two neonatal and pediatric mechanical lungs, as well as to simulate different elastic and resistive behaviors inherent in clinical practice. Experimental study, bench, divided into two stages: creation of mechanical lungs and evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The lungs will be made on a two-story metallic base: on the upper floor, the pediatric lung and the lower floor, the neonatal. In the second stage, the mechanical lung will be connected to a mechanical ventilator, using its own ventilatory parameters used in both types of patients. For the neonatal, respiratory rate of 35rpm, inspiratory time of 0.45 and endotracheal tube of 3.0 mm. The pediatric lung will be ventilated with a volume between 100-120mL, 20-25 compliance and a 4.5mm orotracheal tube. The construction of the neonatal and pediatric mechanical lung will strongly add the teaching of the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Physical Therapy specialty in the Undergraduate and Graduate settings, adding value to the teaching and training of professionals.
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Amelon, Ryan, Kai Ding, Kunlin Cao, Gary E. Christensen, Joseph M. Reinhardt und Madhavan Raghavan. „Comparison of Regional Lung Deformation Between Dynamic and Static CT Imagery Using Inverse Consistent Registration“. In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206689.
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The mechanics of lung deformation is traditionally assessed at a whole-lung or lobar level. We submit that key aspects of lung mechanics maybe better understood by studying regional patterns of lung deformation by leveraging recent developments in tomographic imaging and image processing techniques. Our group has developed an inverse consistent registration technique for estimating local displacement distributions from paired lung CT volumes [1,2]. This facilitates the estimation of strain distributions and consequently, the regional patterns in volume change and its preferential directionalities (anisotropy in deformation). In this study, we use this novel method to compare regional deformation in the lungs between static and dynamic inflations in an adult sheep. Much of our research has focused on registration of static lung images at different positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP). More recently, respiratory-gated CT scans of supine, positive-pressure inflated sheep lungs have been gathered in order to compare the displacement fields of a dynamically inflating lung to the static lung scans. The theory is that scanning a dynamically inflating lung will more accurately reflect natural deformation during breathing by realizing time-dependent mechanical properties (viscoelasticity). The downside to human dynamic lung imaging is the increased radiation dose necessary to acquire the image data across the respiratory cycle, though low-dose CT scans are an option [3]. This experiment observed the difference in strain distribution between dynamically inflated lungs versus static apneic lungs using the inverse consistent image registration developed in our lab.
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Ludeke, D. Taylor, und Maj Dedin Mirmirani. „The Pulling Device for a Flexible Bronchoscope“. In ASME 2006 Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nanobio2006-18045.
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The flexible bronchoscope, used both to directly visualize and biopsy lesions, is an important tool for diagnosing lung cancer [1]. Presented here is a conceptual design for a device that increases the depth to which the scope can be fed into the lungs. This allows doctors to find and accurately diagnose more cases of lung cancer first occurring deeper in the lungs.
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Wang, Xiao, Keith Walters, Greg W. Burgreen und David S. Thompson. „Cyclic Breathing Simulations: Pressure Outlet Boundary Conditions Coupled With Resistance and Compliance“. In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-26569.
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A patient-specific non-uniform pressure outlet boundary condition was developed and used in unsteady simulations of cyclic breathing in a large-scale model of the lung airway from the oronasal opening to the terminal bronchioles. The computational domain is a reduced-geometry model, in which some airway branches in each generation were truncated, and only selected paths were retained to the terminal generation. To characterize pressure change through airway tree extending from the truncated outlets to pulmonary zone, virtual airways represented by extended volume mesh zones were constructed in order to apply a zero-dimensional airway resistance model. The airway resistances were prescribed based on a precursor steady simulation under constant ventilation condition. The virtual airways accommodate the use of patient-specific alveolar pressure conditions. Furthermore, the time-dependent alveolar pressure profile was composed with the physiologically accurate pleural pressure predicted by the whole-body simulation software HumMod, and the transpulmonary pressure evaluated based on lung compliance and local air volume change. To investigate airway flow patterns of healthy and diseased lungs, unsteady breathing simulations were conducted with varying lung compliances accounting for healthy lungs, and lungs with emphysema or interstitial fibrosis. Results show that the simulations using this patient-specific pressure boundary condition are capable of reproducing physiologically realistic flow patterns corresponding to abnormal pulmonary compliance in diseased lungs, such as the hyperventilation in lungs with emphysema, and the demand of more mechanic work for breathing in lungs with fibrosis.
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Monif, Mamdouh, Kinan Mansour, Waad Ammar und Maan Ammar. „Automatic Detection and Extraction of Lungs Cancer Nodules Using Connected Components Labeling and Distance Measure Based Classification“. In 11th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CCSIT 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110705.
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We introduce in this paper a method for reliable automatic extraction of lung area from CT chest images with a wide variety of lungs image shapes by using Connected Components Labeling (CCL) technique with some morphological operations. The paper introduces also a method using the CCL technique with distance measure based classification for the efficient detection of lungs nodules from extracted lung area. We further tested our complete detection and extraction approach using a performance consistency check by applying it to lungs CT images of healthy persons (contain no nodules). The experimental results have shown that the performance of the method in all stages is high.
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Patel, Sagar S., Ramesh Natarajan und Rebecca L. Heise. „Mechanotransduction of Primary Cilia in Lung Adenocarcinoma“. In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80435.
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Lung cancer causes more than 1 million deaths worldwide annually [1]. In a recent study by the American Cancer Society in 2011, more than 221,000 new cases of lung cancers were reported [2]. Out of these, the mortality rate was found in roughly 70% of the cases [2]. Lung cancer is divided into two major categories: small cell and non-small cell. In the United States, non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of all lung cancers and is considered the most common type of lung cancer [2]. It is usually resistant to chemotherapy, therefore making it extremely difficult to treat [3]. Furthermore adenocarcinomas, a type of non-small cell lung cancer, occur towards the periphery of the lungs and are the most common type accounting for 40–45% of all lung cancer cases [3]. Epithelial cells in the healthy lungs undergo stresses during inhalation and expiration of normal breathing. In addition to the forces of normal breathing, lung cancer cells may also experience abnormal mechanical forces due to pre-existing lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other tumor associated structural changes. These conditions can significantly alter the structure of the lungs and cell phenotype [4]. The change in the structure of the lungs affects the mechanical environment of the cells. Changes in extracellular (ECM) stiffness, cell stretch, and shear stress influence tumorigenesis and metastasis [5]. One mechanism through which the cells sense and respond to the cellular mechanical environment is through the primary cilia [6–7]. Primary cilia are non-motile, solitary structures formed from the cellular microtubules and protrude out of each cell. They have also been shown to play an important role in facilitating common cancer signaling pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling [8–9]. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that lung cancer cells respond to mechanical stimuli with the formation of primary cilia that are necessary for 3 hallmarks of tumor progression: proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal-transition, and migration.
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Pellet, Mathieu, Pierre Melchior, Youssef Abdelmoumen und Alain Oustaloup. „Fractional Thermal Model of the Lungs Using Havriliak-Negami Function“. In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48095.
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This paper is about fractional system identification of a thermal model of the lungs. Usually, during open-heart surgery, an extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is carried out on the patient. In order to plug the artificial heart/lung machine on the blood stream, the lungs are disconnected from the circulatory system. This may results in postoperative respiratory complications. A method to protect the lungs has been developed by surgeon and anesthetist. It is called: bronchial hypothermia. The aim is to cool the organ in order to slow down its deterioration. Unfortunately the thermal properties of the lungs are not well-known yet. Mathematical models are useful and needed in order to improve the knowledge of these organs. As proved by several previous works, fractional models are especially appropriate to model thermal systems (model compacity, accuracy) and the dynamic of fractal systems. Thus, fractional models of the lungs have been determined using time domain system identification with the Havriliak-Negami function. A comparison with integer order models was also carried out. The aim of this paper is to present the results of this study.
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Oakes, Jessica M., Alison L. Marsden, Celine Grandmont, Chantal Darquenne und Irene E. Vignon-Clementel. „Multiscale Model of Airflow in Healthy and Emphysema Rat Lungs“. In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80418.
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An investigation of airflow is essential in understanding the fate of aerosol particles in healthy and diseased lungs. Emphysema is a heterogeneous disease that results in destroyed pulmonary tissue, alveolar space enlargement and oxygen delivery impairment. A numerical model of the entire lung will assist in understanding the ventilation and aerosol deposition changes that occur with emphysema. The pulmonary airflow cannot realistically be solved in 3D for the entire lung, therefore multiscale techniques must be used to simulate dynamics by coupling 3D and 0D models.
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Peng, Ying, Zoujun Dai, Hansen A. Mansy und Thomas J. Royston. „Poro-Visco-Elastic Modeling of Mechanical Wave Motion in the Lungs“. In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80544.
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Noninvasive measurement of mechanical wave motion (sound and vibration) in the lungs may be of diagnostic value, as it can provide information about the mechanical properties of the lungs, which in turn are affected by disease and injury. In this study, two theoretical models of the vibro-acoustic behavior of the lung parenchyma are compared: (1) a Biot theory of poroviscoelasticity and (2) a simplified “bubble swarm” model for compression wave behavior. A “slow” compression wave speed predicted by the Biot theory formulation agrees well with the bubbly swarm theory in both analytical calculations and computational simulation. Biot theory also predicts a fast compression wave and a shear wave. The relative contributions of all three wave types are assessed. The effect of the air volume fraction is also investigated. Preliminary experimental measurements of the slow compression wave speed in the lung parenchyma are carried out and agree with theoretical predictions.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Lungs":
1
Fine, Alan. Acute Lung Injury: Making Injured Lungs Perform Better and Rebuilding Healthy Lungs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada538317.
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Fine, Alan. Acute Lung Injury: Making the Injured Lung Perform Better and Rebuilding Healthy Lungs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566981.
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Fine, Alan. Acute Lung Injury: Making the Injured Lung Perform Better and Rebuilding Healthy Lungs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585102.
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Fine, Alan. Acute Lung Injury: Making the Injured Lung Perform Better and Rebuilding Healthy Lungs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561229.
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Rogers, Peter H., Gary W. Caille und Thomas N. Lewis. Response of the Lungs to Low Frequency Underwater Sound. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299456.
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Robbins, E. S. Cellular morphometry of the bronchi of human and dog lungs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6707808.
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Traub, Richard J. Influence of Manufacturing Processes on the Performance of Phantom Lungs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/949146.
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Robbins, E. S. Cellular morphometry of the bronchi of human and dog lungs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6262282.
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Witten, Mark L. Research Training of the Effects of Toxic Substances on the Lungs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada307408.
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Witten, Mark L. Research Training of the Effects of Toxic Substances on the Lungs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada267372.
