Thematische Bibliographien / Lubricant Formulation

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Buchteile
  4. Konferenzberichte
  5. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Lubricant Formulation“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Lubricant Formulation"

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Kittipongpatana, Ornanong S., Karnkamol Trisopon, Phanphen Wattanaarsakit und Nisit Kittipongpatana. „Utilization and Evaluation of Rice Bran and Rice Bran Wax as a Tablet Lubricant“. Pharmaceutics 16, Nr. 3 (20.03.2024): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030428.

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The rice bran and rice bran wax of the KJ CMU107 rice strain were investigated as potential tablet lubricants in a directly compressed tablet formulation. Stabilized full-fatted rice bran (sFFRB), stabilized defatted rice bran (sDFRB), and rice bran wax (RBW) extracted and purified from crude rice bran oil (cRBO) were tested. Two commercial lubricants, including magnesium stearate (MGS) and hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HVO), were employed as the standards in the formulated mixtures, which contained spray-dried rice starch (SDRS) as a diluent. The tableting was carried out for each formulation, and the obtained tablets were physically and mechanically evaluated. Among the parameters investigated were the general appearance, ejection force, weight variation, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. The powder flow was also determined for each formulation. The results showed that the tablet ejection forces for all the lubricated formulations (58–259 N) were significantly lower than that of the non-lubricated control formulation (349 N). The use of sFFRB as a lubricant at 0.5–2.0% w/w could lower the ejection force up to 78%, but the hardness reduced so drastically that the formulations failed the friability test due to the chipping of the tablets’ edges. Moreover, sDFRB performed significantly better as the use at 0.5–1.0% w/w in the formulation helped to lower the ejection forces by up to 80% while maintaining the changes in the tablet hardness within 10%. RBW functioned effectively as a tablet lubricant at a concentration of 0.5% w/w, yielding tablets with good strength comparable to standard HVO lubricant while helping to reduce the ejection force by 82%. In formulations with good lubrication, i.e., friability < 1%, the powder flow was improved, and the tablet disintegration times were within the same range as the control and HVO formulations. In conclusion, sDFRB displayed a lubricant property at concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0% w/w, with slightly negative effects on the tablet hardness. RBW from KJ CMU107 rice was an effective tablet lubricant at 0.5% w/w, with no effect on tablet hardness. Both materials can be further developed for use as commercial lubricants in direct compression.
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Asgarirad, H., S. Honary, P. Ebrahimi und M. Ruhi. „The Effect of Different Lubricant Mixture and the Method of Preparation on Properties of Effervescent Tablets“. Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1252.

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Various mixtures of different lubricants and preparation methods were investigated in order to find the best lubricant mixture for effervescent tablets. Methods: Lubrication effectiveness in two methods of granulation of standard effervescent formulation was tested by using mixtures of various percents of different lubricants. L- Leucine, Polyethylen glycol 6000 and SLS were used as lubricant. The hardness, disintegration time and abrasion for tablets which produced from each formulation were determined. All formulations were investigated for transparency and tastelessness after their complete disintegration of tablets in 200 ml of water. Results: The results show the best lubrication results were obtained by using a mixture of 2% w/w of L- Leucine and 3% w/w of PEG 6000 by ethanol granulation method.
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Muhamad Azwar Azhari, Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman, Noordin Mohd Yusof, Ani Idris und Norazlianie Sazali. „Feasibility Studies of Treated Used Cooking Palm Oil as Precursor for Bio-Lubricant“. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 111, Nr. 1 (24.11.2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.111.1.3037.

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The non-renewability and and non-biodegradability of petroleum based lubricants as well as the environmental impacts their waste contributes to the environment has caused the search for a substitute for precursor of lubricant formulation. The food security issue has caused major concerns on how vegetable oil could replace petroleum based product lubricants. This paper reports the feasibility studies of kinematic viscosity, friction and wear properties of treated used cooking palm oil as precursor for development of new bio-lubricant. The treated used cooking palm oil displayed a comparable value of kinematic viscosity of 43.6cSt, coefficient of friction of 0.126 and 122µm which is almost similar to the value of fresh cooking palm oil. Treated used cooking palm oil is seen to be a suitable candidate for precursor of bio-lubricant formulation, However, some additives may need to be added as to increase the tribological properties for treated used cooking oil to be used as a bio-lubricant.
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Muhamad Azwar Azhari, Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman, Noordin Mohd Yusof, Ani Idris und Norazlianie Sazali. „Influence of Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) Nanoparticles Loading in Treated Used Palm Oil Bio-lubricant on Surface Roughness during Turning of AISI420“. Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engieering 14, Nr. 1 (22.03.2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/armne.14.1.17.

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The environmental impact and non-biodegradability of petroleum-based lubricants has caused some researchers to shift the formulation of lubricant formulation using plant-based oil, However, food security has caused concerns in development of new bio-lubricants. In this study, treated used cooking palm oil added with Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate and Molybdenum Disulphide nanoparticles were used as lubricant to assist the cutting of hardened martensitic stainless steel AISI420 using coated carbide tool. Surface roughness of the cut workpiece was investigated using a surface roughness tester. From the study, treated used cooking oil added with ZDDP and 0.8wt% MoS2 nanoparticles displayed the lowest average surface roughness of workpiece with Ra = 0.532µm and total roughness Rz = 4.006µm. This concluded that the new formulated bio-lubricant can successfully replace the readily available commercial cutting fluid as it produces a low surface roughness during cutting process.
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Chandran Suja, Vineeth. „Challenges in Mitigating Lubricant Foaming“. Lubricants 10, Nr. 6 (01.06.2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10060108.

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Lubricant foaming and its mitigation is an active area of research driven by demands from modern machinery that require foam-free lubricant operation over extended periods and under adverse conditions. Tackling lubricant foaming has proven to be challenging due to interdependent foam stabilization mechanisms and a multitude of antifoam inactivation routes. This perspective briefly outlines the key challenges faced by researchers in this field. Overcoming these challenges to create lubricants with superior foaming characteristics requires the development of new lubricant and antifoam chemistry as well as a shift from the existing trial-and-error methods to mechanistic-insight-driven lubricant formulation and antifoam design.
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Schüler, Fabian, Malgorzata Holynska, Théo Henry, Michael Buttery, Katrin Meier-Kirchner und Christian Göhringer. „Development of a Space Grease Lubricant with Long-Term-Storage Properties“. Lubricants 12, Nr. 3 (24.02.2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12030072.

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Controlled vacuum environments as in space applications represent a challenge for the lubrication of tribological components. In addition to common space lubricant requirements like, e.g., low evaporation, a broad operational temperature range and a high stability during operation, long-term-storage (LTS) properties have gained increasing attention recently. The term addresses the time-dependent stability of a lubricant under static conditions, which can mean chemical degradation processes such as oxidation on the one hand, but also the physical separation of oil and thickener in heterogeneous lubricants like greases. Due to the extended storage periods of lubricated components on-ground but also during a space mission for several years, it has to be ensured that a lubricant is still functional after LTS. This article depicts the development of a space lubricant grease with LTS properties. Firstly, LTS requirements and methods for their assessment are discussed. In the following, a systematic approach towards the design of a grease formulation compatible with LTS is described. Finally, the manufacturing of prototype formulations and their broad characterization by means of LTS behaviour, outgassing, and tribological performance is presented.
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Costa, Henara Lillian, Tiago Cousseau und Roberto Martins Souza. „Current Knowledge on Friction, Lubrication, and Wear of Ethanol-Fuelled Engines—A Review“. Lubricants 11, Nr. 7 (12.07.2023): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11070292.

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The urgent need for drastic reduction in emissions due to global warming demands a radical energy transition in transportation. The role of biofuels is fundamental to bridging the current situation towards a clean and sustainable future. In passenger cars, the use of ethanol fuel reduces gas emissions (CO2 and other harmful gases), but can bring tribological challenges to the engine. This review addresses the current state-of-the-art on the effects of ethanol fuel on friction, lubrication, and wear in car engines, and identifies knowledge gaps and trends in lubricants for ethanol-fuelled engines. This review shows that ethanol affects friction and wear in many ways, for example, by reducing lubricant viscosity, which on the one hand can reduce shear losses under full film lubrication, but on the other can increase asperity contact under mixed lubrication. Therefore, ethanol can either reduce or increase engine friction depending on the driving conditions, engine temperature, amount of diluted ethanol in the lubricant, lubricant type, etc. Ethanol increases corrosion and affects tribocorrosion, with significant effects on engine wear. Moreover, ethanol strongly interacts with the lubricant’s additives, affecting friction and wear under boundary lubrication conditions. Regarding the anti-wear additive ZDDP, ethanol leads to thinner tribofilms with modified chemical structure, in particular shorter phosphates and increased amount of iron sulphides and oxides, thereby reducing their anti-wear protection. Tribofilms formed from Mo-DTC friction modifier are affected as well, compromising the formation of low-friction MoS2 tribofilms; however, ethanol is beneficial for the tribological behaviour of organic friction modifiers. Although the oil industry has implemented small changes in oil formulation to ensure the proper operation of ethanol-fuelled engines, there is a lack of research aiming to optimize lubricant formulation to maximize ethanol-fuelled engine performance. The findings of this review should shed light towards improved oil formulation as well as on the selection of materials and surface engineering techniques to mitigate the most pressing problems.
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Dellis, Polychronis. „Squeeze Film Investigations in a Simulating Piston-Ring Cylinder Liner Experimental Set-up“. Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik 69, eOnly Sonderausgabe 2 (2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/tus-2022-0032.

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The importance of these investigations lies to the combination of experimental results with cavitation initiation investigations and its development after the dead centers of the stroke as well as rheological behavior of different chemical additives with a view to establishing the likely performance gains in new lubricant formulations. Lubricant formulation plays an important role because at higher temperatures lubricant additives have a different interaction with contacting surfaces and in this manner the resulting effect of asperity contact is either increased or reduced.
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Li, Weimin, Cheng Jiang, Nan Xu, Rui Ma und Xiaobo Wang. „Tribological properties of polyol-ester-based lubricants and their influence on oxidation stability“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, Nr. 6 (13.09.2018): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118799546.

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Unlike oxidative degradation of lubricants, tribology-induced degradation is rarely studied. In this work, the tribological performance and oxidative stability of ester-based lubricants were evaluated before and after tribological testing. Results showed that the tribological performances of base oils are highly dependent on the lubricant formulation and test conditions. Tribological processes could cause detrimental effects on oxidative stability even under moderate conditions. The addition of antiwear additives seems to effectively inhibit the chemically breakdown of esters by forming a protective film. Mechanical shearing, high temperature in contact zones, catalytic effect of nascent surface, wear debris, as well as self- catalysis are the major reasons that are responsible for the oxidative deterioration of the lubricant after tribological testing.
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Dellis, Polychronis Spyridon. „Piston-ring performance: limitations from cavitation and friction“. International Journal of Structural Integrity 10, Nr. 3 (10.06.2019): 304–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-09-2018-0053.

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Purpose Cavitation in piston-ring lubrication is studied as part of the performance of piston-ring assemblies. Cavitation degrades performance in engineering applications and its effect is that it alters the oil film pressure, generated at the converging-diverging wedge of the interface. Studies tried to shed light to the phenomenon of cavitation and compare it with cavities that have been identified in bearings. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Lubricant formulations were used for parametric study of oil film thickness (OFT) and friction providing the OFT throughout the stroke and LIF for OFT point measurements. Lubricant formulation affects cavitation appearance and behaviour when fully developed. Findings Cavitation affects the ring load carrying capacity. Different forms of cavitation were identified and their shape and size (length and width) is dictated from reciprocating speed and viscosity of the lubricant. A clear picture is given from both techniques and friction results give quantifiable data in terms of the effect in wear and cavitation, depending on the lubricant properties. Research limitations/implications Engine results are limited due to manufacturing difficulties of visualisation windows and oil starvation. Therefore, full stroke length sized windows were not an option and motoring tests were implemented due to materials limitations (adhesive and quartz windows). Lubricant manufacturer has to give data regarding the chemistry of the lubricants. Originality/value The contribution of cavitation in piston-ring lubrication OFT, friction measurements and lubricant parameters that try to shed light to the different forms of cavitation. A link between viscosity, cavitation, shear thinning properties, OFT and friction is given.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Lubricant Formulation"

1

Paul, Sujan Kumar. „Synthesis and application of chemical additives in the field of lubricant formulation“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4556.

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Hamid, Rezaei. „EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS ON THEIR FUNCTION AS LUBRICANT SPARING BINDERS IN TABLET TECHNOLOGY“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin984508148.

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Fitouri, Raja. „Fonctionnalité de superdésintégrants en compression directe : influence de l'environnement physico-chimique dû à la formulation de comprimés orodispersibles“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10272.

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Ce travail est consacré à l’étude environnementale des superdésintégrants d’origine naturelle chimiquement modifiée par différentes formulations dans différents milieux de dissolution. Cette étude a pour objectif de développer des méthodologies prédictives et des outils d’investigation permettant de mieux comprendre le mécanisme de désagrégation afin d’assurer au mieux le développement de produits finis orodispersibles avec des propriétés bien définies. Dans une première étape, nous avons donc étudié l’influence du milieu environnemental sur la désagrégation des comprimés formulés avec superdésintégrants à partir d’une matrice inerte en utilisant des milieux de plusieurs natures physico-chimiques. Dans un deuxième temps nous avons abordé une illustration par l’étude de quelques exemples de substances actives également de nature physico-chimique différente. L’ensemble des résultats de ces exemples a montré que la nature du milieu environnemental a une grande influence sur la désagrégation. Pour comprendre ces résultats, des études rhéologiques utilisant la théorie DLVO, le modèle de la double couche et la relation d’Einstein ont été menées sur ces polymères. L’effet de la viscosité a été déterminant dans cette étude d’approche du mécanisme
This work is devoted to the study of environmental superdisintegrants naturally occurring chemically modified by different formulations in different dissolution media. This study aims to develop predictive methodologies and investigative tools to better understand the mechanism of disintegration to ensure the best possible development of finished orodispersible products with well defined properties. In a first step, we studied the influence of the environment on the disintegration of tablets formulated with superdisintegrants from an inert matrix using solvents of several chemical natures. In a second step we have made the picture a few examples of active substances also with different physico-chemical nature. The overall results of these examples have shown that the nature of the environmental community has a great influence on disintegration. To understand these results, rheological studies using the DLVO theory, the model of the double layer and the Einstein relation have been conducted on these polymers. The effect of viscosity has been instrumental in the study of mechanism approach
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Heeran, Michael. „ZDDP-additive interactions in engine lubricant formulations“. Thesis, Durham University, 2019. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12959/.

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This thesis describes the investigation of the solution phase interactions, and resulting coordination-, thermo- and tribo-chemistry, in binary antiwear (Zinc Dialkyl DithioPhosphate - ZDDP) and organic friction modifier (OFM) additive formulations. The work probed in particular, the importance of OFM structure in dictating the thermolysis and tribochemical performance of ZDDP-OFM formulations, with the aim of facili- tating the selection or design of optimal additive combinations for engine lubricant applications. In this regard, Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the fundamentals of lubricant chemistry and lubricant formulation, with Chapter 2 briefly reviewing the current drivers that necessitate a more scientific approach to developing next-generation lubricant formulations. Chapter 3 describes the investigation of model ZDDP-pyridine interactions, whereby the pyridine scaffold served as an easily tunable N-donor moiety. Both 1:1 and 1:2 ZDDP-Py' complexation reactions were identified, both of which occur via nitrogen-zinc coordination. Quantification of the contribution of steric (%Vbur) and electronic factors (pKaH) on the propensity of solution complexation (Ka), was achieved using 31P NMR spectroscopic titration data. Complexation was accompanied by a significant change in the zinc-bound dithiophosphate (DTP) binding mode, something that was monitored using Raman spectroscopy. Chapter 4 identified that the nature of ZDDP-OFM interactions mirror those found in the previously studied ZDDP-Py' systems (via zinc-nitrogen complexation that is accompanied by a significant change in DTP binding bode). X-Ray crystallographic analysis of [Zn(k1-S-S2P(OiBu)2)2(C18-NH2)2] (7) unequivocally identified both the nitrogen-zinc coordination pathway and the OFM-induced change in binding mode previously inferred from solution 31P NMR spectroscopic data. The use of Raman spectroscopy for diagnosing DTP binding modes for ZDDP-OFM complexes was verified using the molecular structure of 7. Subsequent 31P NMR spectroscopic studies of other ZDDP-OFM combinations demonstrated that the strength of ZDDP-OFM solution interactions were highly dependent on the steric demands and presence of additional OFM donor sites. Chapter 5 describes the impact of the complexation reactions discussed, on the thermolysis and tribological performance of ZDDP-OFM systems. Thermal degradation path- ways were monitored using 31P NMR spectroscopy, while the tribological performance was assessed using the mini traction machine-space layer interferometry method (MTM-SLIM). The presence of amine-functional OFMs was observed to enhance the rate of ZDDP thermal degradation in all cases studied, with the extent of the rate enhancement observed correlating with the strength of ZDDP-OFM interaction. Subsequently, it was found that the ZDDP tribofilm formation rate did not correlate to the observed thermal stability in ZDDP-OFM systems. Chapter 6 explored some possible alternative synthetic methods for the preparation of zinc dialkyl diselenophosphates in an attempt to make use of the additional 77Se NMR spectroscopic handle that they would provide. Finally, in Chapter 7, the results obtained in Chapters 3-5 are described in a holistic manner, with the benefits of studying simplified single-component ZDDP-additive systems highlighted.
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Tracy, Ian Patrick. „Enhanced engine mechanical efficiency through tailoring of lubricant formulations to localized power cylinder wall conditions“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98583.

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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2015.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-75).
Numerical and experimental studies were performed on an internal combustion engine power cylinder wall's lubricating oil film in order to assess the possibility of tailoring engine lubricants to specific engine configurations and operating conditions for significantly enhanced fuel economy without an accompanying increase in engine wear. An array of different base oil viscosity modifier type combinations were developed, tested, and analyzed in order to seek trends that link lubricant mixtures to certain rheological behaviors along the cylinder wall of a fired internal combustion engine. Viscosity modifiers were applied in an unconventional manner so as to increase viscosity at high operating temperatures rather than decreasing viscosity at low temperatures for promoting reliable cold-cranking. Consequently, a novel form of multi-grade lubricant was developed and simulated for determining potential fuel economy gains through its use. Both numerical simulation and a physical, laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic apparatus for an Isuzu 4JJ1 light-duty diesel engine were implemented in parallel to aid the development and validation of a reliable engine friction and wear model. Preliminary results have been insightful and coincident with classical continuum mechanics theory. Internal consistency across the developed model and physical diagnostics was considerable. It is concluded that the tailoring of lubricant formulations can realize substantial fuel economy gains, and that oil & gas companies may realize significant competitive advantage and profit should they successfully inspire customers to consider purchasing lubricants that have been designed specifically for their automobile and driving habits. It is further proposed that the standards associated with lubricant classification be improved so as to consider the use of viscosity modifiers as mitigators of engine power cylinder wear at high cylinder temperatures near top dead center (TDC).
by Ian P. Tracy.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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Myrdek, Thomas [Verfasser], und Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Kunz. „New Catanionics as suitable additives for oily formulations, especially lubricants / Thomas Myrdek ; Betreuer: Werner Kunz“. Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217481346/34.

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Miller, Bradley A. „New numercial and semi-analytical formulations for the dynamic analysis of gas lubricated triboelements“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16102.

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Louw, Ruaan. „Evaluation and comparison of magnesium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate (Pruv) as lubricants in directly compressible tablet formulations : their effect on tablet properties and drug dissolution / Ruaan Louw“. Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/426.

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Cheng, Teng-Yuan, und 鄭登元. „The studies on the interaction among disintegrants, lubricants, and gliants, as well as the correlation between water uptake behavior and manufacturing parameters of Ibuprofen tablet formulations“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69603362223247035729.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
藥學研究所碩士在職專班
94
The disintegrant, lubricant, and glidant are important components in the solid dosage formulation which they make up small percentage compare with other excipients in the formulation. But they have major influences toward the formulation physical properties, dissolution, and gastrointestinal absorption rate when use of drug. In this study, we construct a custom-made liquid uptake experiment apparatus, according to syphonage theory, to measure water uptake properties for four disintegrants (Sodium starch glycolate (Primojel), Croscarmellose sodium (Disolcel), Crospovidine (Kollidon CL), and Partially pregelatinized starch (Starch 1500)) and the effect of different disintegrants, lubricant (Magnesium stearate, Stearic acid and Talc), and glidant (Aerosil A 200V) ratio on water uptake properties of the various mixed powders. The results shown that among the disintegrants, Primojel has best water uptake property and the Kollidon CL has low water uptake but it has the fastest rate to achieve saturation state. Additionally, when mix with magnesium stearate, the water uptake property of all disintegrants come under the strongest suppression. In contract with above results, the powder samples under coexistence of Aerosil A 200V with lubricants, the water uptake of all disintegrants increased. The second part of this study, we are using Ibuprofen as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with various lubricants and glidants tablet formulations as model to study the powder properties. Furthermore, we used a high speed tablet machine to produce the Ibuprofen tablet with Advanced Instrumentation Monitor (AIM) to record the compression force, and ejection force during the compression. Except the tablet hardness, thickness, Tensile strength, and disintegrating, The tablet water uptake properties were measured. The results shown, the Ibuprofen tablet water uptake property is different with powder model without API. The Ibuprofen tablet with Stearic acid as lubricant has higher ejection force and a hardness property than with other lubricants but it has lowest water uptake property. Also, the DSC experiment result has confirmed that the Ibuprofen tablet with Stearic acid is significantly differing with use of other lubricant. As for factors effects on tablet formulation water uptake properties include the use of Aerosil A 200V as glidant, powder preparation variation, and tablet compression pressure are observed. In addition, the tablet ejection forces, tablet integrating time, and tablet physical properties are factors that contribute to significant differences of a tablet formulation.
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Buchteile zum Thema "Lubricant Formulation"

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Kotvis, Peter V. „Lubricant Formulation“. In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 2034–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_442.

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Whitby, R. David. „Lubricant Formulation and Ease of Blending“. In Lubricant Blending and Quality Assurance, 73–91. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429466755-5.

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Sander, John, Terry Smith und Patrick Bilberry. „Luminescent Bacteria as an Indicator Species for Lubricant Formulation Ecotoxicity“. In Testing and Use of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants, 75–82. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49248t.

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Sander, John, Terry Smith und Patrick Bilberry. „Luminescent Bacteria as an Indicator Species for Lubricant Formulation Ecotoxicity“. In Testing and Use of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants, 75–82. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp152120120007.

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Karmakar, Gobinda, und Pranab Ghosh. „Vegetable Oils as Additive in the Formulation of Eco-Friendly Lubricant“. In Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants, 291–313. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315373256-16.

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Lagana, S., A. La Rocca, M. Fay, A. Cairns, K. Howard, P. Vincent und D. Spivey. „Can an appropriate lubricant formulation reduce solid particulate emissions enabling cleaner engines?“ In Powertrain Systems for a Sustainable Future, 41–54. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032687568-3.

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Shahab, S., und Shaik Himam Saheb. „Formulation Correction of a Lubricant Oils During the Production Process a Case Study“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 287–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7282-8_18.

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Atkinson, D., A. J. Brown, D. Jilbert und G. Lamb. „Formulation of Automotive Lubricants“. In Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, 293–324. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b105569_9.

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Mills, A. J., C. M. Lindsay und D. J. Atkinson. „The formulation of automotive lubricants“. In Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, 203–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1021-3_7.

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Mills, A. J., und C. M. Lindsay. „The formulation of automotive lubricants“. In Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, 174–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3554-6_7.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Lubricant Formulation"

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Davies, R. E., M. R. Draper, B. J. Lawrence, D. Park, A. M. Seeney und G. C. Smith. „Lubricant Formulation Effects on Oil Seal Degradation“. In 1995 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/952340.

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Beckwith, P., und J. H. Cooper. „A Lubricant Formulation for Lower Unburnt Hydrocarbon Emissions“. In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/942000.

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Lovell, M., C. F. Higgs und A. J. Mobley. „A Novel Particulate-Fluid Lubrication for Environmentally Benign Forming Processes“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63976.

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Forming sheet metal parts in the absence of lubricants is not practical in production operations. In practice, large amounts of liquid and grease lubricants are utilized in sheet forming to ensure that there is sufficient lubrication to reduce asperity interaction and increase formability. In the present investigation, an alternative environmentally friendly lubricant is introduced for sheet metal forming processes. This lubricant is based on a combination of boric acid and canola oil, both of which are natural, environmentally friendly, and have independently demonstrated good lubrication potential. Utilizing a specialized sheet metal stretching apparatus, an optimized boric acid and canola oil formulation was evaluated for use in metal forming operations. Based on the experimental results, the optimized lubricant shows substantial potential for providing the manufacturing community with a commercially viable and environmentally friendly lubricant that will eliminate expensive disposal costs.
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Watson, Simon A. G., und Victor W. Wong. „The Effects of Fuel Dilution With Biodiesel and Low Sulfur Diesel on Lubricant Acidity, Oxidation and Corrosion: A Bench Scale Study With CJ-4 and CI-4+ Lubricants“. In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71221.

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This study explored the effect of oil dilution with biodiesel and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel on acidity and corrosion in two lubricants with API service ratings of CJ-4 and CI-4+. The oils were diluted to levels of 0%, 5% and 10% with ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD), 20% biodiesel (B-20) and 100% biodiesel (B-100). For each case, the mixture of fuel and oil was subjected to oxidation tests using a procedure similar to ASTM D6594. The oxidation resistance of the CJ-4 and CI-4+ lubricants was similar in each case. The advanced formulation of the CJ-4 lubricant gave comparable overall performance to the CI-4+ lubricant, despite reduced levels of metallic additive compounds. The highest levels of lubricant degradation occurred when the lubricants were diluted with B-100. A substantial increase in acidity was observed when the oils were diluted with B-100. Moderate levels of copper and lead corrosion were observed in the tests with no fuel dilution, and dilution with ULSD. An order magnitude increase in corrosive wear was seen in the tests with B-100. Lower corrosion occurred with the CJ-4 lubricant.
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May, C. J., und J. J. Habeeb. „Lubricant Low Temperature Pumpability Studies — Oil Formulation and Engine Hardware Effects“. In 1989 Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890037.

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Dayanand, Nikhil, John D. Palazzotto und Alan T. Beckman. „Effect of Stationary Natural Gas Engine Oils on Fuel Economy“. In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81052.

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In order to investigate the possible environmental and economic benefits of lubricants optimized for stationary natural gas engine efficiency, a decision was made to develop a test stand to quantify the effects of lubricant viscosities and formulations on the brake specific fuel consumption. Many fuel economy tests already exist for evaluating gasoline and heavy duty diesel motor oils which have proven the benefit of fuel economy from different lubricant formulations. These engines would not be suitable tools for evaluating the fuel economy performance of lubricating oils formulated specifically for stationary natural gas engines, since there are significant differences in operating conditions, fuel type, and oil formulations. This paper describes the adaptation of a Waukesha VSG F11 GSID as a tool to evaluate fuel consumption performance. The performance of brake specific fuel consumption when using different formulations was measured at selected high loads and rated speed. The results of the testing program discuss the viscosity and additive effects of stationary natural gas engine oil formulations on brake specific fuel consumption. The results will detail the change in brake specific fuel consumption between natural gas engine oil formulations blended to varying viscosities and compared to a typical natural gas engine oil formulation with a viscosity of 13.8 cSt @ 100°C. The second portion of the test program explores the effect of different additive packages that were blended to the same finished oil viscosity. It was acknowledged that there were statistical differences in brake specific fuel consumption characteristics between lubricants different in viscosity and additive formulations.
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Miyauchi, T., A. J. Day und C. S. Wright. „Relationship Between Wear Performance and Solid Lubricants in Sintered Friction Materials“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63467.

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Cast iron (FC and NCM) and forged steel (ST) discs, and four types of sintered friction material pads have been employed in the braking systems of Japanese high-speed trains. These sintered friction materials have complex microstructures. This paper reports result of an investigation to establish correlations between friction, wear and temperature characateristics of the disc–pad friction pairs and pad microstructure. A scale friction rig was used to examine friction, wear and temperature performance of the selected brake friction pairs. Area fraction of lubricants in the sintered friction materials was, depending on formulation, in the range 30–47%. It was found that increasing the lubricant area fraction up to 40%, was effective in reducing pad wear. Above 40% lubricant, wear rate either remained constant or increased slightly to decrease pad wear. For FC discs wear was a minimum at 40% lubricant whilst wear drecreased with increasing overall lubricant content for NCM discs and wear was unaffected by variation in lubricant content for the ST discs. The harder ST forged steel discs exhibited less wear than the softer FC and NCM cast irons.
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Tomanik, Eduardo, Hiroshi Fujita, Shinya Sato, Eliel Paes, Ciro Galvao und Paulo Morais. „Investigation of PVD Piston Ring Coatings With Different Lubricant Formulations“. In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3559.

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Chromium nitride (CrN) is the main protecting coating applied to top rings for gasoline and diesel engines, due to its excellent wear resistance, low friction and minor environmental impacts, especially in modern engines operating with low viscosity oils. Recently, diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings reported improved tribological performance, but at a higher cost. Therefore, in the present work, wear and friction of CrN and DLC coated rings were evaluated on reciprocating and floating liner engine tests running on 0W-20 and 0W-16 lubricant formulations, which additives tailored for different markets (Japanese, European and Emerging). DLC outperformed CrN for both friction and wear when running on lubricant formulations without molybdenum additives. On opposite, with high molybdenum content additives, CrN presented synergic effects that significantly reduced friction and wear, whilst DLC did not. Same comparison on floating liner engine tests demonstrated again superior performance of CrN by 9% reduction on friction losses, running on oils containing molybdenum additives, whilst DLC lowered 6%. From that, it can be estimated 0.4% fuel saving at urban conditions by combining Japanese lubricant oil formulation and CrN top rings.
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Liu, Christopher S., Cyril A. Migdal, Norris R. Crawford und Roy I. Yamamoto. „Optimizing Dispersants in a Lubricant Formulation by Statistical Design - A Simplex Model“. In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/922294.

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Doll, Kenneth M., Glenn L. Heise, Malgorzata Myslinska und Brajendra K. Sharma. „Formulation of a Biobased Gear Oil Utilizing Boron Technology“. In ASME/STLE 2012 International Joint Tribology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2012-61036.

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A new additive was produced from a natural oil and boron. The synthesis involves the use of the epoxidized form of soybean oil which then undergoes a catalytic ring opening to produce the additive material. Due to their remaining triacylglycerol structure, the products are highly compatible with bio-based lubricants and due to their covalent boron attachments, show effective properties for the reduction of wear. Some performance examples: Using a traditional Falex 4-ball wear test, the scar diameter observed in a soybean oil lubricant could be reduced from 0.61 mm to 0.41 mm by the inclusion of 1% or the additive. A second generation additive, while not as effective at reducing wear, was able to increase the oxidation onset temperature of soybean oil under pressurized oxygen by 14 °C. Next, these additives were tested in a formulation of biobased gear oil composed of heat treated soybean oil and synthetic esters. In the best formulation, these additives were able to surpass the oxidation onset of a gear oil that was formulated with commercially available additives, while giving nearly as good of performance by wear scar analysis. This oxidation onset value, of 258 °C, approaches that of off-the-shelf gear oils. Overall, these new additives are strong performers which can be made using simple chemistry. Their properties combined with their high biobased content are valuable assets in the search for biobased lubricants and gear oils.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Lubricant Formulation"

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Wang, Qian, Tobin Marks, Yip_Wah Chung, Xingliang He, Tracy Lynn Lohr, Ali Erdemir und Aaron Greco. A Novel Lubricant Formulation Scheme for 2% Fuel Efficiency Improvement. EE0006449_Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1484236.

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Cheng, Wai, Victor Wong, Michael Plumley, Tomas Martins, Grace Gu, Ian Tracy, Mark Molewyk und Soo Youl Park. Lubricant Formulations to Enhance Engine Efficiency in Modern Internal Combustion Engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1351980.

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The Role of Lubricant Formulation in Controlling Pre-Ignition Phenomena in a H2-ICE. Österreichischer Verein für Kraftfahrzeugtechnik, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62626/4r79-bfca.

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