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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „LTE Cat-M“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "LTE Cat-M"
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Oliveira, Luiz, Joel Rodrigues, Sergei Kozlov, Ricardo Rabêlo und Victor Albuquerque. „MAC Layer Protocols for Internet of Things: A Survey“. Future Internet 11, Nr. 1 (14.01.2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11010016.
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Due to the wide variety of uses and the diversity of features required to meet an application, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are moving forward at a strong pace to meet this demand while at the same time trying to meet the time-to-market of these applications. The characteristics required by applications, such as coverage area, scalability, transmission data rate, and applicability, refer to the Physical and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer designs of protocols. This paper presents a deep study of medium access control (MAC) layer protocols that are used in IoT with a detailed description of such protocols grouped (by short and long distance coverage). For short range coverage protocols, the following are considered: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.1, Bluetooth Low Energy, IEEE 802.15.4, Wireless Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol (Wireless-HART), Z-Wave, Weightless, and IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ah. For the long range group, Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT), Long Term Evolution (LTE) CAT-0, LTE CAT-M, LTE CAT-N, Long Range Protocol (LoRa), and SigFox protocols are studied. A comparative study is performed for each group of protocols in order to provide insights and a reference study for IoT applications, considering their characteristics, limitations, and behavior. Open research issues on the topic are also identified.
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Murayama, Mitsutaka, und Masahiro Shiota. „Triangulation of the map of a G-manifold to its orbit space“. Nagoya Mathematical Journal 212 (Dezember 2013): 159–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00277630-2366201.
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AbstractLet G be a Lie group, and let M be a smooth proper G-manifold. Let M/G denote the orbit space, and let π : M → M/G be the natural map. It is known that M/G is homeomorphic to a polyhedron. In the present paper we show that there exist a piecewise linear (PL) manifold P, a polyhedron L, and homeomorphisms τ : P → M and σ : M/G → L such that σ o π o τ is PL. This is an application of the theory of subanalytic sets and subanalytic maps of Shiota. If M and the G-action are, moreover, subanalytic, then we can choose τ and σ subanalytic and P and L unique up to PL homeomorphisms.
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HIRSCH, MORRIS W. „Fixed points of local actions of nilpotent Lie groups on surfaces“. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 37, Nr. 4 (28.01.2016): 1238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2015.73.
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Let$G$be a connected nilpotent Lie group with a continuous local action on a real surface$M$, which might be non-compact or have non-empty boundary$\unicode[STIX]{x2202}M$. The action need not be smooth. Let$\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$be the local flow on$M$induced by the action of some one-parameter subgroup. Assume$K$is a compact set of fixed points of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$and$U$is a neighborhood of$K$containing no other fixed points.Theorem.If the Dold fixed-point index of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}_{t}|U$is non-zero for sufficiently small$t>0$,then$\mathsf{Fix}(G)\cap K\neq \varnothing$.
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GROVES, J. R. J., und DESSISLAVA H. KOCHLOUKOVA. „Nilpotent-by-abelian Lie algebras of type FPm“. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 148, Nr. 3 (10.02.2010): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004109990442.
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AbstractLet L be a finitely generated Lie algebra which is a split extension of a free nilpotent Lie algebra N by a finite dimensional abelian Lie algebra. Let V denote the quotient of N by its commutator subalgebra; we can regard V as a module for L/N. We discuss the relationship between the homological finiteness properties of V and those of L. In particular, we show that if L has type FPm and N has class c then V is 1 + c(m − 1)-tame (equivalently, the (1 + c(m − 1))th tensor power of V is finitely generated under the diagonal action of L/N).
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Quynh, Truong Cong, und M. Tamer Koşan. „On automorphism-invariant modules“. Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 14, Nr. 05 (17.03.2015): 1550074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498815500747.
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Let M and N be two modules. M is called automorphism N-invariant if for any essential submodule A of N, any essential monomorphism f : A → M can be extended to some g ∈ Hom (N, M). M is called automorphism-invariant if M is automorphism M-invariant. This notion is motivated by automorphism-invariant modules analog discussed in a recent paper by Lee and Zhou [Modules which are invariant under automorphisms of their injective hulls, J. Algebra Appl. 12(2) (2013), 1250159, 9 pp.]. Basic properties of mutually automorphism-invariant modules and automorphism-invariant modules are proved and their connections with pseudo-injective modules are addressed.
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KANEKO, ATSUSHI, und MIKIO KANO. „SEMI-BALANCED PARTITIONS OF TWO SETS OF POINTS AND EMBEDDINGS OF ROOTED FORESTS“. International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 15, Nr. 03 (Juni 2005): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195905001671.
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Let m be a positive integer and let R1, R2 and B be three disjoint sets of points in the plane such that no three points of R1 ∪ R2 ∪ B lie on the same line and |B| = (m-1)|R1|+m|R2|. Put g = |R1∪R2|. Then there exists a subdivision X1∪X2∪⋯∪Xg of the plane into g disjoint convex polygons such that (i) |Xi ∩ (R1 ∪ R2)| = 1 for all 1 ≤ i ≤ g; and (ii) |Xi∩B| = m-1 if |Xi∩R1| = 1, and |Xi∩B| = m if |Xi∩R2| = 1. This partition is called a semi-balanced partition, and our proof gives an O(n4) time algorithm for finding the above semi-balanced partition, where n = |R1| + |R2| + |B|. We next apply the above result to the following theorem: Let T1,…,Tg be g disjoint rooted trees such that |Ti| ∈ {m,m+1} and vi is the root of Ti for all 1 ≤ i ≤ g. Let P be a set of |T1|+⋯+|Tg| points in the plane in general position that contains g specified points p1,…,pg. Then the rooted forest T1 ∪ ⋯ ∪ Tg can be straight-line embedded onto P so that each vi corresponds to pi for every 1 ≤ i ≤ g.
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CONVERSANO, ANNALISA. „A REDUCTION TO THE COMPACT CASE FOR GROUPS DEFINABLE IN O-MINIMAL STRUCTURES“. Journal of Symbolic Logic 79, Nr. 01 (März 2014): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2013.4.
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Abstract Let ${\cal N}\left( G \right)$ be the maximal normal definable torsion-free subgroup of a group G definable in an o-minimal structure M. We prove that the quotient $G/{\cal N}\left( G \right)$ has a maximal definably compact subgroup K, which is definably connected and unique up to conjugation. Moreover, we show that K has a definable torsion-free complement, i.e., there is a definable torsion-free subgroup H such that $G/{\cal N}\left( G \right) = K \cdot H$ and $K\mathop \cap \nolimits^ \,H = \left\{ e \right\}$ . It follows that G is definably homeomorphic to $K \times {M^s}$ (with $s = {\rm{dim}}\,G - {\rm{dim}}\,K$ ), and homotopy equivalent to K. This gives a (definably) topological reduction to the compact case, in analogy with Lie groups.
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Kim, Euiho, und Yujin Shin. „Feasibility Analysis of LTE-Based UAS Navigation in Deep Urban Areas and DSRC Augmentation“. Sensors 19, Nr. 19 (27.09.2019): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194192.
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The current autonomous navigation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) heavily depends on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, in challenging environments, such as deep urban areas, GNSS signals can be easily interrupted, so that UAS may lose navigation capability at any instant. For urban positioning and navigation, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been considered a promising signal of opportunity due to its dense network in urban areas, and there has recently been great advancement in LTE positioning technology. However, the current LTE positioning accuracy is found to be insufficient for safe UAS navigation in deep urban areas. This paper evaluates the positioning performance of the current network of LTE base stations in a selected deep urban area and investigates the effectiveness of LTE augmentations using dedicated short range communication (DSRC) transceivers through the optimization of the ground LTE/DSRC network and cooperative positioning among UAS. The analysis results based on simulation using an urban canyon model and signal line of sight propagations show that the addition of four or five DSRC transceivers to the existing LTE base station network could provide better than 4–6 m horizontal positioning accuracy (95%) in the selected urban canyon at a position of 150 ft above the ground, while a dense LTE network alone may result in a 15–20 m horizontal positioning error. Additionally, the simulation results of cooperative positioning with inter-UAS ranging measurements in the DSRC augmented LTE network were shown to provide horizontal positioning accuracy better than 1 m in most flight space, assuming negligible time-synchronization errors in inter-UAS ranging measurements.
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Libet, Benjamin. „Introduction to slow synaptic potentials and their neuromodulation by dopamine“. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, S1 (15.05.1992): S3—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-237.
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The existence of two muscarinically mediated slow postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) and a noncholinergic (peptidergic) late-slow PSP was established in the 1960s. These have synaptic delays and PSP durations 100–10 000 times those for the nicotinic (fast) excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP). Evidence is reviewed for and against the proposal that, in rabbit superior cervical ganglia, the slow (s-) inhibitory postsynaptic potential requires a second transmitter, dopamine, released by muscarinic action on interneurones (the small, intensely fluorescent cells). The s-EPSP in frog ganglia appears only in already depolarized cells by a muscarinic closure of the M (voltage-sensitive K+) channels. But the large s-EPSP in mammalian neurones, not depolarized, is generated largely via other mechanisms, especially one involving cyclic GMP. Dopamine also produces a long-term enhancement (LTE) of the muscarinic slow PSPs in rabbit superior cervical ganglia, whether dopamine is applied exogeneously or released intraganglionically by preganglionic nerve impulses at 10 s−1. LTE is producible heterosynaptically, and it persists well over 3 h; a noncholinergic (peptide?) transmitter may contribute to the initial 30 min of LTE. LTE is mediated by a D1 receptor coupled to cyclic AMP; it is blocked by cyclic GMP or low Ca2+ or calmidazolium (a calmodulin inhibitor). The modulatory process of LTE has certain similarities to, but also fundamental differences from, the long-term potentiation known in the hippocampus.Key words: muscarinic synapses, peptidergic synapses, dopamine actions, neuromodulation, postsynaptic long-term enhancement.
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JARA, P., und D. ŞTEFAN. „HOPF–CYCLIC HOMOLOGY AND RELATIVE CYCLIC HOMOLOGY OF HOPF–GALOIS EXTENSIONS“. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 93, Nr. 1 (09.06.2006): 138–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024611506015772.
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Let $H$ be a Hopf algebra and let $\mathcal{M}_s (H)$ be the category of all left $H$-modules and right $H$-comodules satisfying appropriate compatibility relations. An object in $\mathcal{M}_s (H)$ will be called a stable anti-Yetter–Drinfeld module (over $H$) or a SAYD module, for short. To each $M \in \mathcal{M}_s (H)$ we associate, in a functorial way, a cyclic object $\mathrm{Z}_\ast (H, M)$. We show that our construction can be used to compute the cyclic homology of the underlying algebra structure of $H$ and the relative cyclic homology of $H$-Galois extensions.Let $K$ be a Hopf subalgebra of $H$. For an arbitrary $M \in \mathcal{M}_s (K)$ we define a right $H$-comodule structure on $\mathrm{Ind}_K^H M := H \otimes_K M$ so that $\mathrm{Ind}_K^H M$ becomes an object in $\mathcal{M}_s (H)$. Under some assumptions on $K$ and $M$ we compute the cyclic homology of $\mathrm{Z}_\ast (H, \mathrm{Ind}_K^H M)$. As a direct application of this result, we describe the relative cyclic homology of strongly graded algebras. In particular, we calculate the cyclic homology of group algebras and quantum tori.Finally, when $H$ is the enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, we construct a spectral sequence that converges to the cyclic homology of $H$ with coefficients in a given SAYD module $M$. We also show that the cyclic homology of almost symmetric algebras is isomorphic to the cyclic homology of $H$ with coefficients in a certain SAYD module.
Dissertationen zum Thema "LTE Cat-M"
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Maslák, Roman. „Implementace a vyhodnocení komunikační technologie LTE Cat-M1 v simulačním prostředí NS-3“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442354.
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The Diploma work deals with the implementation of LTE Cat-M technology in the simulation tool Network Simulator 3 (NS-3). The work describe LPWA technologies and their use cases. In first are described the main parts of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. Subsequently are described and defined the most used technologies in LPWA networks. Technologies which are used in the LPWA networks are Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and Long Term Evolution for Machines (LTE Cat-M), where LTE Cat-M technology is described in more details. Simulations are simulated in simulation tool NS-3 and use LENA module. In NS 3 tool are simulated Simulations, which give us informations of Network state according to different Network set up. At the end are done changes of Radio Resource Control (RRC) states in NS-3 tool. These changes are required for correct implementation LTE Cat-M technology in NS-3 tool. Then we are able to simulate simulations, which meet to definition of LTE Cat-M technology.
Bücher zum Thema "LTE Cat-M"
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Mitsu, Yamamoto, und Geoffrion Suzanne, Hrsg. L'e trange cas du Dr Jekyll et de M. Hyde. Saint-Lambert, Que bec: E ditions ABC, 1997.
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Finn, Matthew. West Nile Virus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0053.
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West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flavivirus family that is transmitted via a mosquito vector, typically causing fever and capable of causing meningoencephalitis. Although mortality is low, it can lead to debilitating neuroinvasive disease in some patients. WNV is a leading cause of domestically-acquired arboviral disease and most commonly occurs in late August and early September. Consider WNV in otherwise unexplained cases of meningitis or encephalitis. Initial testing should consist of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and West Nile immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and/or CSF. WNV is a nationally notifiable disease. Prevention remains the key to controlling this disease. Reducing the breeding grounds of the Culex mosquito and using insect repellant to prevent bites are two important strategies.
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Choo, Andrew L.-T. Evidence. 6. Aufl. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198864172.001.0001.
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Andrew Choo’s Evidence provides an account of the core principles of the law of civil and criminal evidence in England and Wales. It also explores the fundamental rationales that underlie the law as a whole. The text explores current debates and draws on different jurisdictions to achieve a mix of critical and thought-provoking analysis. Where appropriate the text draws on comparative material and a variety of socio-legal, empirical, and non-legal material. This (sixth) edition takes account of revisions to the Criminal Procedure Rules, the Criminal Practice Directions, and the Police and Criminal Evidence Act Codes of Practice. It also examines in detail cases on various topics decided since the last edition was completed, or the significance of which has become clear since then, including: • Addlesee v Dentons Europe llp (CA, 2019) (legal professional privilege) • Birmingham City Council v Jones (CA, 2018) (standard of proof) • R v B (E) (CA, 2017) (good character evidence) • R v Brown (Nico) (CA, 2019) (hearsay evidence) • R v C (CA, 2019) (hearsay evidence) • R v Chauhan (CA, 2019) (submissions of ‘no case to answer’) • R v Gabbai (Edward) (CA, 2019) (bad character evidence) • R v Gillings (Keith) (CA, 2019) (bad character evidence) • R v Hampson (Philip) (CA, 2018) (special measures directions) • R v K (M) (CA, 2018) (burden of proof) • R v Kiziltan (CA, 2017) (hearsay evidence) • R v L (T) (CA, 2018) (entrapment) • R v Reynolds (CA, 2019) (summing-up) • R v S (CA, 2016) (hearsay evidence) • R v SJ (CA, 2019) (expert evidence) • R v Smith (Alec) (CA, 2020) (hearsay evidence) • R v Stevens (Jack) (CA, 2020) (presumptions) • R v Townsend (CA, 2020) (expert evidence) • R v Twigg (CA, 2019) (improperly obtained evidence) • R (Jet2.com Ltd) v CAA (CA, 2020) (legal professional privilege) • R (Maughan) v Oxfordshire Senior Coroner (SC, 2020) (standard of proof) • Serious Fraud Office v Eurasian Natural Resources Corpn Ltd (CA, 2018) (legal professional privilege) • Shagang Shipping Co Ltd v HNA Group Co Ltd (SC, 2020) (foundational concepts; improperly obtained evidence) • Stubbs v The Queen (PC, 2020) (identification evidence) • Volaw Trust and Corporate Services Ltd v Office of the Comptroller of Taxes (PC, 2019) (privilege against self-incrimination) • Volcafe Ltd v Cia Sud Americana de Vapores SA (SC, 2018) (burden of proof)
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Gojgar, Mihai. Particole de suflet. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062811839.
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Daca veti parcurge alte precuvantari, veti observa ca autorii isi justifica demersul literar printr-o traire, inspiratie, cautare. In cazul meu, volumul apare ca un raspuns la solicitarea unor enoriasi care m-au intrebat de ce nu adun la un loc toate editorialele aparute in revista Dimitrios, avand in vedere ca articolele din anii trecuti din bilunarul parohial nu se regasesc undeva anume. Asa ca am pus impreuna primele 100 de texte, publicate intre 2012 si 2016 si le infatisez inaintea dumneavoastra cu invitatia de a le parcurge deodata cu istoria noastra recenta. Ele nu descriu sau interpreteaza exclusiv motive evanghelice sau liturgice, ci se imbratiseaza cu trairile, eforturile, esecurile si realizarile comunitatii Bisericii „Sfantul Dumitru-Posta”, Paraclis Universitar. Asa se explica si dinamica textelor si chiar a stilului. Schimbarile din noi se regasesc in cuvintele pe care le invesnicim in scris. Nu am primenit fundamental textele fata de felul in care s-au ivit intaia oara; notele de subsol si cizelarea frazelor, ici si colo, au ramas singurele interventii. Am preferat primatul cronologiei si naturaletea cresterii in timp, abandonul sistematizarii si evitarea modificarilor sugerate de trecerea anilor.(...)
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Burke, Mary. The Riot of Spring. Herausgegeben von Nicholas Grene und Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.7.
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The riots that met the first production of J. M. Synge’sPlayboy of the Western Worldin 1907 have become one of the landmarks of Irish theatre history, and have usually been interpreted in terms of competing definitions of a national theatre. This chapter chooses instead to put the 1907Playboy of the Western Worldriots in the context of the very similar response that met the première of Igor Stravinsky’sThe Rite of Spring(Le sacre du printemps) in 1913. By understanding Synge’s work in the context of a modernist understanding of primitivism and aesthetic shock, this chapter argues that we can develop a new understanding of what became known as ‘peasant drama’ in the early Abbey theatre, and begin to see it not as a form of realism, but as a critique of previous dramatic forms.
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Kahn, Victoria. The Trouble with Literature. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808749.001.0001.
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This book argues that the literature of the English Reformation marks a turning point in Western thinking about literature and literariness. But instead of arguing that the Reformation fostered English literature, as scholars have often done, I claim that literature helped undo the Reformation, with implications for both poetry and belief. Ultimately, literature in the Reformation is one vehicle by which religious belief was itself transformed into a human artifact, whether we understand this as a poetic artifact or a mental fiction. This transformation in turn helped produce the eighteenth-century discipline of aesthetics, with its emphasis on our experience of non-cognitive pleasure in the work of art, and the modern formalist definition of literature, according to which—in the words of one critic—“literature solves no problems and saves no souls.” This modern definition of literature, in short, has a history, this history is intertwined with the problem of belief, and by returning to the fraught years of the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England, we can come to a new understanding of how the trouble with literature has shaped our discipline. The first chapter contrasts modern and early modern understandings of literature and literariness. The second and third chapters focus on Thomas Hobbes and John Milton. The fourth chapter treats the work of Kant, Kierkegaard, and J. M. Coetzee.
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30 лет программе «Байкал-бурение». Академическое изд-во «Гео», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21782/b978-5-6043022-3-1.
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The book is devoted to the International Baikal Drilling Project, a part of the program «Global changes of the environment and climate», accomplished by the Russian, American and Japanese scientists. Much attention is given to the fact that the Baikal Drilling team acted as a single, solid team. The major results obtained from those studies were described in numerous publications published in various Russian and International journals. We hope that the book will be interesting for young scientists, so that they can feel an interest in studying the secrets of nature. The project was accomplished owing to the efforts of M.I. Kuzmin, V.S. Antipin, A.V. Goreglyad, V.F. Geletyi, G.V. Kalmychkov (Institute of Geochemistry, SB RAS), M.A Grachev, O.M. Khlystov (Limnological Institute, SB RAS). Many problems that arouse in the project management were solved with the assistance of V.A. Fialkov, Director of the Baikal Museum, SB RAS, A.A. Bukharov, Vive-Director of the Baikal Museum, and the translators T. V. Bunaeva and M. Yu. Khomutova. The book not only describes a difficult work in the ice of Lake Baikal, but also presents the valuable data on the mineral composition of the bottom sediments, the discovery of Baikal gas hydrates, and the evolution of the landscapes and climate of the Baikal region in the Late Cenozoic. Modern methods of electron-probe x-ray spectral microanalysis and isotope geochemistry are described in detail. All this, as well as the methods of modeling real mineral associations, make this book valuable for researchers in different fields of science.
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Lynch, Michael E. Edward M. Almond and the US Army. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177984.001.0001.
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This biography examines the long career of Lt. Gen. Edward M. Almond, who was born to a family of modest means in rural Virginia. His early education at the Virginia Military Institute, steeped him in Confederate lore and nurtured his “can do” attitude, natural aggressiveness, demanding personality and sometimes self-serving nature. These qualities later earned him the sobriquet “Sic’em, Ned,” which stuck with him for the remainder of his career. Almond commanded the African-American 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. The division failed in combat and was re-organized, after which it contained one white, one black, and the Army’s only Japanese-American (Nisei) regiment. The years since that war have seen the glorification of the “Greatest Generation,” with all racist notions and ideas “whitewashed” with a veneer of honor. When war came to Korea, Almond commanded X Corps in the Inchon invasion, liberation of Seoul, race to the Yalu. When the Chinese entered the war and sent the US Army into retreat, Almond mounted one of the largest evacuations in history at Hungnam -- but not before the disaster at Chosin claimed the lives of hundreds of soldiers and marines. This book reveals Almond as a man who stubbornly held onto bigoted attitudes about race, but also exhibited an unfaltering commitment to the military profession. Often viewed as the “Army’s racist,” Almond reflected the attitudes of the Army and society. This book places Almond in a broader context and presents a more complete picture of this flawed man yet gifted officer.
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Hall, Andrew, und Shamima Rahman. Mitochondrial diseases and the kidney. Herausgegeben von Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0340.
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Mitochondrial disease can affect any organ in the body including the kidney. As increasing numbers of patients with mitochondrial disease are either surviving beyond childhood or being diagnosed in adulthood, it is important for all nephrologists to have some understanding of the common renal complications that can occur in these individuals. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively); therefore, disease causing mutations may be inherited maternally (mtDNA) or autosomally (nDNA), or can arise spontaneously. The commonest renal phenotype in mitochondrial disease is proximal tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome in the severest cases); however, as all regions of the nephron can be affected, from the glomerulus to the collecting duct, patients may also present with proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, nephrotic syndrome, water and electrolyte disorders, and renal tubular acidosis. Understanding of the relationship between underlying genotype and clinical phenotype remains incomplete in mitochondrial disease. Proximal tubulopathy typically occurs in children with severe multisystem disease due to mtDNA deletion or mutations in nDNA affecting mitochondrial function. In contrast, glomerular disease (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) has been reported more commonly in adults, mainly in association with the m.3243A<G point mutation. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been particularly associated with podocyte dysfunction and nephrotic syndrome in children. Underlying mitochondrial disease should be considered as a potential cause of unexplained renal dysfunction; clinical clues include lack of response to conventional therapy, abnormal mitochondrial morphology on kidney biopsy, involvement of other organs (e.g. diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and deafness) and a maternal family history, although none of these features are specific. The diagnostic approach involves acquiring tissue (typically skeletal muscle) for histological analysis, mtDNA screening and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex function tests. A number of nDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disease have now been identified and can also be screened for if clinically indicated. Management of mitochondrial disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment is largely supportive as there are currently very few evidence-based interventions. Electrolyte deficiencies should be corrected in patients with urinary wasting due to tubulopathy, and CoQ10 supplementation may be of benefit in individuals with CoQ10 deficiency. Nephrotic syndrome in mitochondrial disease is not typically responsive to steroid therapy. Transplantation has been performed in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, immunosuppressive agents such as steroids and tacrolimus should be used with care given the high incidence of diabetes in mitochondrial disease.
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The mystery reveal'd, or, Truth brought to light: Being a discovery of some facts, in relation to the conduct of the late m----y, which however extraordinary they may appear, are yet supported by such testimonies of authentick papers and memoirs, as neither confidence, can out-brave, nor cunning invalidate. London: Printed for and sold by W. Cater ..., R. Withy ..., and S. Hope ..., 1994.
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Maguta, John Kibe, Daniel M. Nzengya, Chrocosiscus Mutisya und Joyce Wairimu. „Building Capacity to Cope with Climate Change-Induced Resource-Based Conflicts Among Grassroots Communities in Kenya“. In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2611–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_131.
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AbstractKenya is among the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change-related stresses and extreme events. According to FAO, over 75% of the country is classified as arid and semiarid with rainfall availability and amounts quite unevenly spread across the different parts of the country. The country has very skewed distribution of water sources with the western area being relatively well endowed with abundant water resources. The exponential growth in the country’s population over the years, together with rapid environmental degradation and poor water resource development programs, have worsened the country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Ethnic conflicts over land resources are common-place in Kenya’s rural areas where majority of the people live and the effects of extreme climate change events are likely to exacerbate resource-based conflicts. In this chapter we explore the extent of climate change-induced resource conflicts in three counties along rainfall availability gradient, namely, Kiambu County which experiences relatively high rainfall and also high urban population, Machakos County, which generally experiences modest rainfall availability, and Makueni County regarded to be one of the most arid and semiarid counties in the country. Data were collected in 2017 using a closed ended questionnaire. Between-subjects MANOVA design was used to examine relationship between independent and dependent variables. Qualitative results of the open-ended question reveal that climate change impacts can be diverse, particularly for vulnerable regions such as arid and semiarid regions such as Makueni County. In this county, respondents mentioned nine ways climate change had impacted communities, with the most frequently mentioned impact being increasing food insecurity followed by increasing water shortages. Machakos followed with seven impacts mentioned starting with increased water shortages followed by scarcity of pasture. In Kiambu County, only four impacts were mentioned with food insecurity being frequently mentioned among the list of impacts of climate change in the county. Results of the descriptive and inferential statistics reveal that resource-based conflicts vary along the hydrological gradient. In Machakos County, resource-based conflicts are perceived to have risen during the last 5 years (M = 3.92, SD = 0.66), followed by Makueni (M = 4.10, SD = 0.670). Kiambu residents do not consider resource-based conflicts to have risen during the last 5 year, (M = 2.50, SD = 1.38). Differences in severity of climate related conflicts are statistically significant, F2, 76 = 12.78, p <0.01. Also, climate change is strongly perceived to be a factor in the rise of resource-based conflicts in Machakos County (M = 4.10, SD = 0.67). In Makueni County as well, climate change is perceived to be a significant contributor to resource-based conflicts (M = 3.98, SD = 1.70). These findings have relevance on county and national policies targeted to build capacity to cope with climate change induced resource-based conflicts among grassroot communities in Kenya.
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Cherin, Marco, Angelo Barili, Giovanni Boschian, Elgidius B. Ichumbaki, Dawid A. Iurino, Fidelis T. Masao, Sofia Menconero et al. „Frozen in the Ashes“. In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 133–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_8.
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AbstractFossil footprints are very useful palaeontological tools. Their features can help to identify their makers and also to infer biological as well as behavioural information. Nearly all the hominin tracks discovered so far are attributed to species of the genus Homo. The only exception is represented by the trackways found in the late 1970s at Laetoli, which are thought to have been made by three Australopithecus afarensis individuals about 3.66 million years ago. We have unearthed and described the footprints of two more individuals at Laetoli, who were moving on the same surface, in the same direction, and probably in the same timespan as the three found in the 1970s, apparently all belonging to a single herd of bipedal hominins walking from south to north. The estimated stature of one of the new individuals (about 1.65 m) exceeds those previously published for Au. afarensis. This evidence supports the existence of marked morphological variation within the species. Considering the bipedal footprints found at Laetoli as a whole, we can hypothesize that the tallest individual may have been the dominant male, the others smaller females and juveniles. Thus, considerable differences may have existed between sexes in these human ancestors, similar to modern gorillas.
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Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, und Sotiris K. Manolis. „Reconsideration of the Antiquity of the Middle Palaeolithic Footprints from Theopetra Cave (Thessaly, Greece)“. In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 169–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_10.
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AbstractDuring the 1996 field season, four footprints were found in undisturbed deposits at the borders of squares Θ10-I10 at a depth of 3.5 m at the Theopetra Cave excavation site. The footprints lie adjacent to an ash horizon that has been dated to ca ~135 ka. Two footprints in the trail are complete and measure 150.4 mm and 138.96 mm in length. Based on modern European standards, these lengths would be consistent with young children aged between 2 and 4 years old and 90–100 cm in stature. The two complete footprints, which follow each other in the trail, appear both to have been left feet. The partial print, which immediately precedes the two complete prints in the series, also appears to have been by a left foot. This suggests that what initially seems to be a single trail is actually a composite of two or more trails of prints. This hypothesis is supported by the different characteristics of the two complete prints. One is consistent with a bare foot and clearly shows the impressions of the toes, ball, arch and heel. The other is characterized by a simpler contour and is more sharply defined and indicates that the individual was wearing some kind of foot covering. An important question is what kind of hominid made the footprints? These footprints may have been made by Neanderthals or early Homo sapiens, based on thermoluminescence dating results.
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Alexakis, Spyros. „The Inductive Step of the Fundamental Proposition: The Hard Cases, Part II“. In The Decomposition of Global Conformal Invariants (AM-182). Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691153476.003.0007.
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This chapter takes up the proof of Lemma 4.24 in Case B; this completes the inductive step of the proof of the fundamental proposition 4.13. The chapter recalls that Lemma 4.24 applies when all tensor fields of minimum rank μ in (4.3) have all μ of their free indices being nonspecial. We recall the setting of Case B in Lemma 4.24: Let M > 0 stand for the maximum number of free indices that can belong to the same factor, among all tensor fields in (4.3). Then consider all μ-tensor fields in (4.3) that have at least one factor T₁ containing M free indices; let M' ≤ M be the maximum number of free indices that can belong to the same factor, other than T₁. The setting of Case B in Lemma 4.24 is when M < 2. The chapter recalls that in the setting of case B the claim of Lemma 4.24 coincides with the claim of Proposition 4.13. To derive Lemma 4.24, the authors use all the tools developed in the Chapter 6, most importantly the grand conclusion, but also the two separate equations that were added to derive the grand conclusion.
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Tu, Loring W. „Integration on a Compact Connected Lie Group“. In Introductory Lectures on Equivariant Cohomology, 103–14. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691191751.003.0013.
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This chapter explores integration on a compact connected Lie group. One of the great advantages of working with a compact Lie group is the possibility of extending the notion of averaging from a finite group to the compact Lie group. If the compact Lie group is connected, then there exists a unique bi-invariant top-degree form with total integral 1, which simplifies the presentation of averaging. The averaging operator is useful for constructing invariant objects. For example, suppose a compact connected Lie group G acts smoothly on the left on a manifold M. Given any C∞ differential k-form ω on M, by averaging all the left translates of ω over G, one can produce a C∞ invariant k-form on M. As another example, on a G-manifold one can average all translates of a Riemannian metric to produce an invariant Riemann metric.
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Laughlin, Ruple S. „Late Responses“. In Clinical Neurophysiology, 312–27. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259631.003.0019.
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Late responses are a group of responses occurring after the compound muscle action potential (M-wave) in motor nerve conduction studies and include F-waves, H-reflexes, and axon reflexes. These responses can indirectly measure aspects of proximal conduction that are not obtained with routine motor nerve conduction studies and may be useful in assessing diseases that affect proximal nerves, such as polyradiculopathies. A thorough understanding of the physiological basis, sources of error, and clinical applications and limitations enhances the usefulness of F-waves and H-reflexes as one means to evaluate proximal functioning of the motor and sensory nerves. This chapter will discuss the study methods and applications of F-waves and H-reflexes.
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„Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns“. In Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns, herausgegeben von Anthony Acou, Gabriel Gaelle, Pascal Laffaille und Eric Feunteun. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569964.ch12.
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<em>Abstract.—</em>This paper assesses potential production of premigrant European eels <em>Anguilla anguilla </em>based on analysis of sedentary eel populations in two small river systems in western France that are in close proximity. Abundance and biological characteristics were evaluated from electrofishing surveys conducted in three years in September and October, before the catadromous migration of silver eels. Mean density and biomass density of the eel population differed greatly between the systems (39 ± 6 ind.100 m<sup>–2</sup> [indivdual per 100 m<sup>2</sup>] and 1,352 ± 171 g.100 m–2 in the Frémur River and 3 ± 0.32 ind.100 m–2 and 385 ± 42 g.100 m<sup>–2</sup> in the Oir River). Premigrants were dominated by males in the Frémur (85.8%) and by females in the Oir (79.0%). Estimated premigrant biomass density was 4.5-fold higher in the Frémur (254.5 g.100 m<sup>–2</sup>/ year) than in the Oir (56.0 g.100 m–2/year). Mean Fulton’s K condition factor was significantly higher for both sexes in the Oir (0.20 ± 0.004 and 0.20 ± 0.003 for males and females, respectively) than in the Frémur (0.17 ± 0.002 and 0.17 ± 0.004, respectively). The large differences in densities and biological characteristics of eels from neighboring catchments suggest that huge variability of both quantity and quality of silver eel production can be expected at the scale of the European stock.
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„Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation“. In Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, herausgegeben von Byron J. Freeman, Andrew T. Taylor, Kenneth J. Oswald, John Wares, Mary C. Freeman, Joseph M. Quattro und Jean K. Leitner. American Fisheries Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874400.ch34.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Shoal basses are a cryptic clade composed of <em>Micropterus </em>spp. restricted to the Apalachicola River system and three southeastern Atlantic slope river drainages in the southeastern United States. This reciprocally monophyletic clade includes the Shoal Bass <em>M. cataractae </em>(endemic to the Apalachicola River system), the Chattahoochee Bass <em>M. chattahoochae</em>, and two undescribed forms from the Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River drainages. Members of the shoal bass clade can be distinguished from all other species of <em>Micropterus </em>basses using 20 diagnostic characters (characteristic attributes) found in mitochondrial DNA (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) gene sequences. Each member of the clade additionally possesses unique characteristic attributes, which along with morphological and meristic characters can be used to diagnose this cryptic biodiversity. Biologists and managers have previously regarded the shoal basses in the Chattahoochee, Savannah, Altamaha and Ogeechee River systems as belonging to a single taxon synonymous with the Redeye Bass <em>M. coosae</em>, which is endemic to the Mobile River drainage. With these and previous analyses (including description of the Shoal Bass), we now recognize that what was once considered a single taxon actually comprises seven species, each of which is endemic to a single southeastern drainage. Recognizing and documenting the actual diversity of <em>Micropterus </em>spp. provides important information for managers who may wish to avoid stocking or translocations that could compromise the genetic integrity of native bass populations. Introductions of nonnative basses, including Alabama Bass <em>M. henshalli</em>, Spotted Bass <em>M. punctulatus</em>, and Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu </em>currently threaten the integrity of native shoal bass species in streams of the Chattahoochee, Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River systems.
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El Fawal, Ahmad Hani, Ali Mansour und Mohamad Najem. „V2V Influence on M2M and H2H Traffics During Emergency Scenarios“. In Global Advancements in Connected and Intelligent Mobility, 93–134. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9019-4.ch003.
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This chapter envisions the challenges that will face the mobile operators such as sending vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) payloads in form of synchronized storms, the fast saturation of the limited bandwidth of long-term evolution for machines (LTE-M) and narrow band-internet of things (NB-IoT) with the rise number of machine-to-machine (M2M) devices and V2V devices, V2V congestion overload problem in IoT environments specifically during disaster events. It extends a new solution proposed by the authors named Adaptive eNodeB (A-eNB) for both LTE-M and NB-IoT networks to deal with V2V excessive traffic. The A-eNB can solve gradually V2V overload problem, while keeping the human-to-human (H2H) traffic quality of service (QoS) not to be affected badly. It corroborates a new framework model proposed by the authors called coexistence analyzer and network architecture for long-term evolution (CANAL) to study the impact on V2V, M2M, and H2H and mutual influences, based on continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) to simulate, analyze, and measure radio access strategies.
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Salo, Jari, und Jaana Tähtinen. „Special Features of Mobile Advertising and Their Utilization“. In Mobile Computing, 1878–85. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch151.
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Mobile advertising, or m-advertising, refers to ads sent to and presented on mobile devices such as cellular phones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), and other handheld devices.1 M-advertising can be seen as a part of m-commerce (e.g., Mennecke & Strader, 2003), which is seen as radically different from traditional commerce (e.g., Choi, Stahl, & Whinston, 1997). Thus, it can be argued that m-advertising is also different. M-advertising enables the advertiser not only to send unique, personalized, and customized ads (Turban, King, Lee, Warkentin, & Chung, 2002), but also to engage consumers in discussions and transactions with the advertiser. Any retailer can make use of m-advertising. Thus this study focuses on the brick-and-mortar retailers’ use of m-advertising in Finland. In Finland, mobile phone subscriptions reached 84% of the population at the end of the year 2002 (Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland, 2003), and more than 30% of the users under 35 years and over 20% of all users have received m-advertising in the form of SMS (www.opas.net/suora/mob%20markk%20nous.htm). However, there are no commercial solutions available for the MMS type of m-advertising. Therefore, the empirical setting of this study is a service system SmartRotuaari, which is a part of a research project (see Ojala et al., 2003; www.rotuaari.net) offering the retailers an infrastructure and a service system for context-dependent m-advertising in the city of Oulu in Northern Finland. This study focuses on permission-based m-advertising. In Finland, that is the only form of m-advertising that is legal. Firstly, we will discuss the features of m-advertising that make it unique. Secondly, we will present some empirical results from the SmartRotuaari case. Based on the recognized features, we study which of them retailers utilized in their m-ads, as well as those remaining unused. The aim is to find out how well the uniqueness of m-advertising was portrayed in the m-ads. The study concludes by suggesting how retailers could improve the use of m-advertising in order to fully harness its power.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "LTE Cat-M"
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Sultan, Radwa, Ahmed Refaey und Walaa Hamouda. „Resource Allocation in CAT-M and LTE-A Coexistence: A Joint Contention Bandwidth Optimization Scheme“. In 2020 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece47787.2020.9255823.
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Tian, Yonghong, Wenxi Tian, Dalin Zhang, Guanghui Su und Suizheng Qiu. „Safety Analyses for Pb-Bi-Cooled Direct Contact Boiling Water Fast Reactor (PBWFR)“. In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30318.
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Pb-Bi-cooled direct contact boiling water fast reactor (PBWFR) can produce steam from the direct contact of feedwater and lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) in the chimney of 3 m high, which eliminates the bulky and flimsy steam generators. Moreover, as the coolant LBE is driven by the buoyancy of steam bubbles, the primary pump is not necessary in the reactor. The conceptual design makes the reactor simple, compact and economical. Owing to the large thermal expansion coefficient of LBE and good performance of steam lift pump, the reactor is expected to have excellent passive safety. A computer code was developed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic behaviors and safety performance of PBWFR. In order to test and verify its safety performance, the following accidents without scram were simulated with the code: Unprotected rod run-out transient over power (UTOP), unprotected loss of heat sink (ULOHS), simultaneous UTOP and ULOHS accident. The results show that PBWFR has very good inherent safety due to the satisfactory neutron and thermal-physical properties of LBE. Cladding materials turn to be the key factor to restrict its safety performance and UTOP is more risky for PBWFR than the others.
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Katayama, Masaaki, Tetsuya Teramae, Masatsugu Mizokami und Shinya Kosaka. „Development of New MHI LOCA Analysis Code: MCOBRA/RELAP5-GOTHIC“. In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60971.
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has developed the safety analysis code system, MCOBRA/RELAP5-GOTHIC, for large break LOCA, small break LOCA and containment integrity analyses of PWR. The code system contains three codes, MCOBRA code, M-RELAP5 code and GOTHIC code. MHI implemented some models and correlations to MCOBRA and M-RELAP5 code to improve prediction of important phenomena of LOCA event. MHI conducted a lot of analyses for separate effect tests and integral effect tests to confirm the applicability of the MHI’s safety analysis code to LOCA key phenomena, like core heat transfer, DNB, entrainment, break flow, counter-current flow limitation (CCFL), core froth level, and so on. The code model uncertainties are quantified to calculate core heat transfer break flow rate, loop seal phenomena; heat transfer in steam generators, and so on. The results show that the code system can predict the key phenomena well and can calculate LOCA event scenario. Consequently, it is confirmed that the new code system is applicable to the LOCA licensing analysis.
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Gil-Flores, Lorena, María D. Salvador, Felipe L. Penaranda-Foix, Roberto Rosa, Paolo Veronesi, Cristina Leonelli und Amparo Borrell. „LOW TEMPERATURE DEGRADATION BEHAVIOUR OF 10Ce-TZP/Al2O3 BIOCERAMICS OBTAINED BY MICROWAVE SINTERING TECHNOLOGY“. In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9887.
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Zirconia is one of the most used ceramics, especially for biomedical applications, due to its exceptional mechanical properties. However, it is commonly known that its properties can be diminished owing to a low temperature degradation (LTD). This phenomenon consists on a spontaneous phase transformation, from tetragonal to monoclinic, under certain conditions, which is accelerated when the samples are exposed under high levels of humidity at a temperature range between 20-300 ºC. In addition to the fact that the monoclinic phase presents worse mechanical properties than the tetragonal one, there is a volume change of 4% between phases that gives rise to defects in the material as microcracks. Due to this reason, zirconia prostheses failed catastrophically inside the human body between 1999 and 20011. Previous researches reveal that Al2O3 addition suppress the propagation of phase transformation2. Thus, the aim of the present work is to study the hydrothermal ageing of zirconia doped with ceria and toughened with alumina (10Ce-TZP/Al2O3) composite, which has been sintered by microwave employing two different frequencies: 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. Microwave heating technology is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the material, which allows the sample to be heated. So far, most microwave heating equipments use 2.45 GHz; accordingly, the novelty of this study is to employ a frequency of 5.8 GHz and to investigate its effect on LTD. LTD is carried out in an autoclaved in steam at 120 ºC and 1.2 bar, because these conditions accelerate the hydrothermal aging process3. In order to characterize the degraded samples, micro-Raman spectroscopy, AFM, nanoindentation technique and electronic microscopy have been performed. References 1. Norton, M. R., Yarlagadda, R., Anderson, G. H. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br., 2002, 84–B, 631–635. 2. Fabbri, P., Piconi, C., Burresi, E., Magnani, G., Mazzanti, F., Mingazzini, C. Dent. Mater., 2014. 3. Presenda, Á., Salvador, M. D., Moreno, R., Borrell, A. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2015, 98, 3680–3689.
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Olesnavage, Kathryn M., und Amos G. Winter. „Design and Preliminary Testing of a Prototype for Evaluating Lower Leg Trajectory Error as an Optimization Metric for Prosthetic Feet“. In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60565.
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This work presents the design and preliminary testing of a prosthetic foot prototype intended for evaluating a novel design objective for passive prosthetic feet, the Lower Leg Trajectory Error (LLTE). Thus far, all work regarding LLTE has been purely theoretical. The next step is to perform extensive clinical testing. An initial prototype consisting of rotational ankle and metatarsal joints with constant rotational stiffness was optimized and built, but at 2 kg it proved too heavy to use in clinical testing. A new conceptual foot architecture intended to reduce the weight of the final prototype is presented and optimized for LLTE. This foot consists of a rotational ankle joint with constant stiffness of 6.1 N·m/deg, a rigid structure extending 0.08 m from the ankle-knee axis, and a cantilever beam forefoot with bending stiffness 5.4 N·m2. A prototype was built using machined delrin for the rigid structure, three parallel extension springs offset along a constant radius cam from a pin joint ankle, and machined nylon as the beam forefoot. In preliminary testing, it was determined that, despite efforts to minimize weight and size, this particular design was still too heavy and bulky as a result of the extension springs to be used in extensive clinical testing. Future work will focus on reducing the weight further by replacing linear extension springs with flexural elements before commencing with the clinical study.
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Prost, Victor, Kathryn M. Olesnavage und Amos G. Winter. „Design and Testing of a Prosthetic Foot Prototype With Interchangeable Custom Rotational Springs to Adjust Ankle Stiffness for Evaluating Lower Leg Trajectory Error, an Optimization Metric for Prosthetic Feet“. In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67820.
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A prosthetic foot prototype intended for evaluating a novel design objective for passive prosthetic feet, the Lower Leg Trajectory Error (LLTE), is presented. This metric enables the optimization of prosthetic feet by modeling the trajectory of the lower leg segment throughout a step for a given prosthetic foot and selecting design variables to minimize the error between this trajectory and target physiological lower leg kinematics. Thus far, previous work on the LLTE has mainly focused on optimizing conceptual foot architectures. To further study this metric, extensive clinical testing on prototypes optimized using this method has to be performed. Initial prototypes replicating the LLTE-optimal designs in previous work were optimized and built, but at 1.3 to 2.1 kg they proved too heavy and bulky to be considered for testing. A new, fully-characterized foot design reducing the weight of the final prototype while enabling ankle stiffness to be varied is presented and optimized for LLTE. The novel merits of this foot are that it can replicate a similar quasi-stiffness and range of motion of a physiological ankle, and be tested with variable ankle stiffnesses to test their effect on LLTE. The foot consists of a rotational ankle joint with interchangeable U-shaped constant stiffness springs ranging from 1.5 Nm/deg to 16 Nm/deg, a rigid structure extending 0.093 m from the ankle-knee axis, and a cantilever beam forefoot with a bending stiffness of 16 Nm2. The prototype was built using machined acetal resin for the rigid structure, custom nylon springs for the ankle, and a nylon beam forefoot. In preliminary testing, this design performed as predicted and its modularity allowed us to rapidly change the springs to vary the ankle stiffness of the foot. Qualitative feedback from preliminary testing showed that this design is ready to be used in larger-scale studies. In future work, extensive clinical studies with testing different ankle stiffnesses will be conducted to validate the optimization method using the LLTE as a design objective.
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Kuznetsov, M., A. Lelyakin und W. Breitung. „Numerical Simulation of Radiolysis Gas Detonation in BWR Exhaust Pipes and Mechanical Response of the Piping to the Detonation Pressure Loads“. In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48498.
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1-D numerical calculations of radiolysis gas detonation and mechanical response of a 12.5-m long BWR exhaust pipe have been performed. To reproduce one of scenarios of steam condensation with following radiolysis gas accumulation in an exhaust pipe initially filled with nitrogen at an initial pressure of 1.6 bar and temperature of 35°C, nitrogen diluted radiolysis gas mixtures were used for the numerical simulations. Nitrogen concentration in radiolysis gas composition was changed in the range of 0–80 mol.%. It permits to significantly change detonation properties of the test mixtures. Different gas dynamic effects such as a precursor shock wave and shock reflection on the maximum detonation pressure have shown in our calculations. Maximum pressure load of the piping can be achieved near the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) point and at the tube end. At those positions the maximum pressure could be at least 2–2.5 times higher than the CJ detonation pressure. Dilution of the radiolysis gas mixture with nitrogen leads to reduction of the radiolysis gas detonability and to increase of run up distance to the DDT point. In this case so called “late detonation initiation” in a pre-compressed zone close to the reflection end can occur. It produces extremely high pressure load which can locally be 10 times higher than CJ-detonation pressure for steady state detonation. Mechanical response of the 12.5-m long austenitic steel pipe (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4541) with a diameter 510 mm and wall thickness of 15 mm was calculated for different detonation pressure loads. Maximum deformations of the pipe were obtained close to the DDT point and at the reflection end. It was shown that even for the worst case mixture with a “late detonation initiation” the deformation of tested pipe is very low (not more than 0.2%) and no danger exists for the integrity of the exhaust pipe under radiolysis gas detonation load. This 1D numerical code permits for the first time a continuously mechanistic analysis of the complicated processes with DDT and detonation propagation in closed pipes and it can be used for designers and for piping safety analysis.
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EricksonKirk, Mark T., MarjorieAnn EricksonKirk, Charles Rose und Xian J. Zhang. „Use of Large Databases to Identify Trends in the Behavior of Ferritic Steels“. In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77788.
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In this paper we explore the crucial role played by the use of large databases in the identification, development, and refinement of models that describe the toughness behavior of ferritic steels. Specifically, we seek to emphasize and illustrate the point that when physical models are calibrated using large databases this process can reveal trends not previously seen, or foreseen. In support of this idea two examples are cited. First, the evidence for a CVE master curve in fracture mode transition is reviewed, as a counterpoint to the commonly held belief that each Charpy tanh transition curve is unique, with little commonality even within specific alloys, let alone across all ferritic steels. Second, new evidence is presented that the degree of prior hardening experienced by a ferritic steel has a systematic effect on the scatter exhibited by KJc data. This evidence suggests that the KJc Master Curve model, in which the scatter of KJc follows a Weibull distribution having a Kmin = 20 MPa√m and a slope (scatter magnitude) of 4, requires refinement, especially for the higher To values characteristic of steels that have been hardened by, for example, neutron irradiation damage.
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Lechner, Johannes, Jürgen Feix und Robert Hertle. „Strengthening of a City Center Tunnel with Concrete Screw Anchors under Special Boundary Conditions“. In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1492.
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<p>The Altstadtring-Tunnel is one of the essential east-west traffic routes in the city center of Munich and was constructed in the late 1960s. Segment 34 of the tunnel was built directly underneath the existing Prince-Carl- Palais, a historic building from 1804. Therefore 15 pre-stressed concrete girders with an effective depth of</p><p>3.5 m and a maximum span of up to 30 m were built which now form the tunnel roof slab. These girders were pre-stressed with steel nowadays well known for stress corrosion cracking. A recalculation of the slab showed that no ductile failure can be guaranteed in case of a progressive rupture of the tendons. Therefore, a concept for strengthening the slab was developed using concrete screw anchors as post installed bending and shear reinforcement. The concrete screw anchors are normally installed as anchoring elements in cracked and non- cracked concrete and are available with diameters up to 22 mm. Developing this concept further, it is straight forward to use these anchoring elements as post-installed reinforcement in existing concrete structures. This new strengthening system was developed at the University of Innsbruck in the last few years and can fulfill the special requirements of this project, such as installation of the strengthening system from underneath the tunnel slab during ongoing use of the structure. High strength steel with diameters of up to 63.5 mm will be used as post-installed bending reinforcement covered with a new shotcrete layer on the underside of the tunnel slab. In total 59.3 tons of new flexural reinforcement and 7199 concrete screws for strengthening the shear capacity of the girders will be used to ensure a ductile failure of the tunnel slab. The on-site work started in March 2019 and is expected to take two years to complete.</p>
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Jan, James, Steve Swisher, Mohammed Yusuf Ali und Shanmugasundaram Chandrakesan. „An Integrated Virtual Engineering Methodology to Evaluate Manufacturing Residual Stress in Cylinder Blocks through Casting and Quenching“. In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0244.
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Abstract Engine cylinder block cracking is a costly engine component failure that is often discovered late, either in the product verification phase by dynamometer testing or after product launch during vehicle operations. It is well established that the crack issues are related to the residual stress induced in the casting and heat treatment processes. To identify the quality risk in a short turn-around time and a cost-effective fashion, using computer simulations to evaluate the state of stress during casting and heat treat processes is the trend in automotive industry. In recent years, CAE methodologies have advanced significantly in both CFD and FEA to model the casting process, the quenching process, the residual stress, and the high cycle fatigue (HCF). However, calculating the final stress in the cylinder block requires several CAE software tools to work together as an integrated, streamlined engineering method and these CAE tools could be very different in meshing topologies, numerical methods, data structure, and post-processing capabilities. The intent of this research is to develop an integrated virtual engineering methodology combining casting simulation, computational fluid dynamics and finite element method to simulate the manufacturing process from the beginning of casting, through water quenching heat treatment, to engine dynamometer testing. The methodology involves three CAE tools, MAGMASOFT®, AVL FIRETM/FIRETM-M and ABAQUS, and considerable amounts of research and development work are concentrated on the validation of each individual numerical method and tools for data exchange between the software tools.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "LTE Cat-M"
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F., Kengoum, Kabamba F.M. und Mbelu A. Les politiques de la REDD+ dans les médias : Le cas de la presse écrite en République Démocratique du Congo. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004266.
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