Thematische Bibliographien / Long times of detention

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Long times of detention“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 17. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Long times of detention"

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Papa, Fabian, Barry J. Adams und Yiping Guo. „Detention time selection for stormwater quality control ponds“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, Nr. 1 (01.02.1999): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-046.

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Current stormwater quality control pond design in Ontario typically includes the specification of a uniform detention time for extended detention ponds to ensure water quality control. In reality, the pollution-control performance of such facilities is governed by two opposing forces: improved pollutant removal efficiency over longer detention times and the decreased volume of runoff captured and treated by the facility for longer detention times. The combination of these effects produces a maximum attainable level of long-term pollution-control performance at an optimal detention time. Derived probability distribution models for runoff control are used to investigate the quality-control behaviour of extended detention dry ponds for the case where a design storm is specified to establish pond storage requirements and for the more general case where storage requirements may be selected on the basis of the level of control desired. Graphical relationships are developed to facilitate the planning and design process. The methodology presented encourages efficient engineering design while promoting environmental protection by ensuring a maximum level of long-term pollution control.Key words: stormwater management, water quality, probabilistic models, optimization, stormwater ponds, detention time, pond design.
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Fan, Celia, und James Li. „A Modelling Analysis of Urban Stormwater Flow Regimes and their Implication for Stream Erosion“. Water Quality Research Journal 39, Nr. 4 (01.11.2004): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.048.

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Abstract Stream erosion is a major issue in stormwater management. The objectives of this research are to investigate by means of computer modelling: (a) the flow-duration characteristics of a receiving stream before and after urbanization; (b) the implication of flow regime changes on stream erosion potential with and without control measures (e.g., extended detention basins and source control); and (c) the maximum degree of urbanization, for which stream erosion may be unavoidable regardless of the stormwater control measures applied. The U.S. EPA Stormwater Management Model was used in the analysis of flowduration characteristics of a small northern Ontario watershed. It was found that flow-duration characteristics of the stream could change significantly after urbanization. Although no stream erosion was modelled in this investigation, the change in flow regimes after urbanization may indicate potential stream bed and/or channel erosion. Extended detention basins with short detention times (24-h) could control flow-duration characteristics at low flow rates better than those with long detention times (48-h). Both extended detention basins and source control measures should be applied in order to bring the flow duration curve after urbanization back to its original position. If the watershed were to be urbanized beyond 40% of imperviousness, it may not be possible to bring the flow duration curve back to its original position in spite of the various source control measures and detention basins used. The optimal location of detention ponds for erosion control depends upon the range of flows, which control the stability of the stream.
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Picot, B., H. El Halouani, C. Casellas, S. Moersidik und J. Bontoux. „Nutrient Removal by High Rate Pond System in a Mediterranean Climate (France)“. Water Science and Technology 23, Nr. 7-9 (01.04.1991): 1535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0607.

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The objective of the present study vas to ascertain the mechanisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater and to determine the most effective treatment conditions for removing these nutrients by high rate ponding in a Mediterranean climate. Tests carried out in Mèze (France) showed that variations of climatic factors (light and temperature), can be compensated by changes in detention times. The following strategy was adopted: the pond was operated with long detention times (8 days) in winter, which is characterized by low light intensity and low temperatures, and with short detention times (4 days) in summer, when the climatic conditions are more favorable. The results obtained show that the rates of HH4-N and PO4-P removal were high and stable (94 and 71%, respectively) during the study period February to September, 1988. The phenomena responsible for nutrient elimination in the high rate pond are the following: photosynthetic assimilation, volatilization of ammonia and precipitation of calcium phosphate due to the high pH obtained by intense algal photosynthetic activity. Wastewater treatment by high rate ponding appears to be an attractive technique for preventing eutrophication in receiving water.
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Su, Jau-Lang, und Chaio-Fuei Ouyang. „Advanced biological enhanced nutrient removal processes by the addition of rotating biological contactors“. Water Science and Technology 35, Nr. 8 (01.04.1997): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0308.

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Advanced removal efficiency of organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen from municipal wastewater was achieved by using an anaerobic-anoxic-oxide (A2/O) process with the addition of fully and partially submerged RBC biofilms. The experiments were carried out in a range of F/M ratio 0.21 to 0.32 kg BOD/kg MLSS/d and at a various total hydraulic detention times (HRT), return activated sludge ratio (r) and mixed liquid recycle ratio (R). Another pilot plant A2/O process without adding RBC was conducted for control experiments. Compared with A2/O process, this new process could achieve a higher degree of nitrification rate without decreasing the removal efficiencies of organic carbon and phosphorus. The new process provides an environment for combining the long solid retention time (SRT) biofilm and the short SRT suspended activated sludge. This concept can resolve the conflict in SRT between nitrogen and phosphorus removal simultaneously. Correspondingly, the benefits of the new process are shorten the hydraulic detention time, progress the efficiency of nutrient removal, more stable for operation and more economic for required land cost.
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Steyn, Johan. „Guantanamo Bay: The Legal Black Hole1“. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.1.1.

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The most powerful democracy is detaining hundreds of suspected foot soldiers of the Taliban in a legal black hole at the United States naval base at Guantanamo Bay, where they await trial on capital charges by military tribunals. This episode must be put in context. Democracies must defend themselves. Democracies are entitled to try officers and soldiers of enemy forces for war crimes. But it is a recurring theme in history that in times of war, armed conflict, or perceived national danger, even liberal democracies adopt measures infringing human rights in ways that are wholly disproportionate to the crisis. One tool at hand is detention without charge or trial, that is, executive detention. Ill-conceived rushed legislation is passed granting excessive powers to executive governments which compromise the rights and liberties of individuals beyond the exigencies of the situation. Often the loss of liberty is permanent. Executive branches of government, faced with a perceived emergency, often resort to excessive measures. The litany of grave abuses of power by liberal democratic governments is too long to recount, but in order to understand and to hold governments to account, we do well to take intoaccount the circles of history.
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Sukhwal, Seema, Claire Gordon-Ellis und Luneta Tajblova. „Audit of delays in the diversion of mentally disordered defendants under the Mental Health Act 1983/2007 at a liaison and diversion service in North West London“. BJPsych Open 7, S1 (Juni 2021): S352—S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.932.

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AimsTo ascertain the length of time defendants wait for a Mental Health Act assessment (MHAA) and where necessary, how long they are waiting for a hospital bed.BackgroundThe Liaison and Diversion Service in North West London (the Service) is provided by Central North West London Foundation NHS Trust (CNWL), Barnet Enfield Haringey (BEH) and Together to Willesden Magistrates Court in North West London.One of the core activities of the Service is diverting individuals from the criminal justice system to hospital under the Mental Health Act (MHA).The Code of Practice allows for a period of 14 days between the medical recommendation and conveyance to hospital. Defendants needing admission under MHA are remanded to custody if a bed is not available. This prevents them from receiving the assessment and care they need. We consider that all defendants found to be liable to detention under the MHA should be admitted to a hospital bed on the same day.MethodData were collected between October 2018 and February 2019. All patients referred for a MHAA were included. The time a MHAA was requested, took place as well as how long the defendant waited for a bed was noted.ResultA total of 42 MHAA were requested. 25 individuals were detained under Section 2 of the MHA 1983.The time between referral for a MHAA and the MHAA taking place was obtained in 25 of the 42 referrals. The range of times between a referral being made and the assessment taking placed varied between 1.5 hours and 22 hours. Two defendants were remanded overnight in prison as the MHAA could not take place on the same day as the referral.In the 25 cases where an application for detention under Section 2 of the MHA was made, beds were not available on the same day in 7 cases. In 4 cases defendants required remand in prison custody due to beds not being available.ConclusionThere were some limitations to this audit as data were not available for all 42 individuals referred for a MHAA.Individuals referred for MHAA by the Service had both medical recommendations completed within 5 days and those who required admission to hospital were admitted within 14 days of the recommendations being completed.Whilst these standards are being met, individuals referred for MHAA and those requiring admission to hospital are still facing remand to custody.
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Majer Newman, J., und T. Lynch. „The Everglades Nutrient Removal Project test cells: STA optimization - status of the research at the north site“. Water Science and Technology 44, Nr. 11-12 (01.12.2001): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0817.

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The Everglades is an oligotrophic ecosystem that is being adversely impacted by hydrologic changes and nutrient-rich runoff generated from urban and agricultural sources. The Stormwater Treatment Area (STA) Optimization Research and Monitoring program is mandated by the 1994 Everglades Forever Act and will assist the South Florida Water Management District in developing operational strategies that maximize performance of emergent macrophyte STAs. The primary objective of this research is to examine how hydrologic conditions may influence STA performance. The study was conducted in 0.2 ha, shallow, fully lined test cells located within the perimeter of the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project. Experiments were designed to examine the effect of increased and decreased hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on wetland performance and to determine, if possible, the HLR at which STA treatment fails to reduce outflow total phosphorus concentration to the interim target of 50 μg-P/L. To date, two HLR experiments have been completed at the north site. Preliminary data indicated at all HLRs tested that particulate phosphorus and dissolved organic phosphorus ratios remained virtually unchanged from inflow to outflow. The dissolved organic and particulate compounds within these test cells are extremely recalcitrant, and are not easily assimilated within the system. High HLRs may not result in detention times long enough to mineralize these forms into easily assimilated inorganic compounds, resulting in mean TP concentrations greater than 50 μg-P/L.
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Abualfaraj, Noura, Joseph Cataldo, Yara Elborolosy, Daniel Fagan, Sloane Woerdeman, Tyler Carson und Franco Montalto. „Monitoring and Modeling the Long-Term Rainfall-Runoff Response of the Jacob K. Javits Center Green Roof“. Water 10, Nr. 11 (23.10.2018): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111494.

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Drainage from the 27,316-m2 Jacob K. Javits Convention Center (JJCC) green roof was investigated in the field to quantify the system’s long-term rainfall-runoff response. The JJCC hosts one of the largest extensive green roofs in the United States. Utilizing four years of rooftop monitoring data collected using a weather station, custom designed and built drainage systems, three Parshall flumes equipped with pressure transducers, and weighing lysimeters, this study quantified the 25.4-mm-deep green roof’s ability to decrease the volume and peak rate of runoff. With parameters derived from the site, the Environmental Protection Agency Stormwater Management Model (EPA-SWMM) predicted event total runoff volume and event peak runoff rates to within +10% to −20% and +25% to −15% of the observations, respectively. The analysis further indicated that approximately 55% of the cumulative precipitation that fell on the JJCC extensive green roof during the monitoring period (warm weather months, June 2014–November 2017) was captured and retained. The average percent retained on an event-basis was 77%, and average event runoff coefficient was 0.7, implying a substantial reduction in the volume and rate of runoff generated from the roof compared to the pre-green roof condition, when most, if not all, of the precipitated water would have immediately resulted in runoff. Our research suggests that, on average, 96% of rainfall events 6.35 mm or less were retained within the green roof, whereas 27% of the total event volume was retained for events greater than 12.7 mm in depth. A sensitivity analysis suggests if the substrate depth were increased, better stormwater capture performance would be achieved, but only up 127 mm, whereas increased precipitation coupled with warmer temperatures as a result of climate change could decrease the performance by up to 5%, regardless of substrate depth. An equivalency analysis suggested that even shallow green roofs can significantly reduce the required stormwater detention volume that New York City requires on new development. This particular green roof appears to be more than 18 times as cost-effective as a subsurface cistern would be for managing an equivalent volume of stormwater in Midtown Manhattan.
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Greenaway, M., und A. Woolley. „Changes in plant biomass and nutrient removal over 3 years in a constructed wetland in Cairns, Australia“. Water Science and Technology 44, Nr. 11-12 (01.12.2001): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0844.

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The surface flow wetland in Cairns, Australia consists of 3 linear channels each 65 m long. Channels 1 and 2 are 5 m wide and Channel 3 is 15 m wide. The wetland was constructed in 1994 and band planted with emergent macrophyte species and alternating open water sections. The wetland was monitored for plant growth and nutrient removal until 1997. During that period HRT was 16 days in Channel 1 and 10 days in Channels 2 and 3; mass loading rates were 2.4 kg Total N and 2.0 kg Total P ha-1 d-1 in Channel 1 and 3.7 kg TN and 3.3 kg TP ha-1 d-1 in Channels 2 and 3. The aim of this work was to determine the proportion of nutrient removal that could be attributed to direct uptake by macrophytes and incorporated into plant biomass. Over the 3 year monitoring period reduction in total mass of nutrients was: Channel 1: 26% P, 85% N; Channel 2: 28% P, 87% N; Channel 3: 21% P, 81% N. Percentage reduction of FRP (Filterable Reactive Phosphorus) was similar to TP; NOx removal was 97-98%. Mass removal rates for TN and TP were higher in Channels 2 and 3 despite greater nutrient loading rates and shorter detention times. Total FRP removal was 23 kg P in Channel 1, 33 kg P in Channel 2 and 70 kg P in Channel 3 of which plant biomass accounted for 65%, 44% and 47% respectively. Total nitrogen removal was 92 kg in Channel 1, 154 kg in Channel 2 and 386 kg in Channel 3 of which plant biomass accounted for 47%, 27% and 27% respectively. Thus, in this tropical surface flow wetland supporting a mixture of emergent macrophytes and floating duckweed, vegetation is an important mechanism for direct nutrient removal.
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Ling, Siew, und Joji George. „Are acute psychiatric units providing adequate inpatient services for borderline personality disorder patients?“ BJPsych Open 7, S1 (Juni 2021): S330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.867.

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AimsTo assess the adherence to NICE guidelines CG78 (1.4) regarding the inpatient services provided for BPD patients at an acute psychiatric unit (The Oleaster).Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients are frequent users of psychiatric inpatient services. However, evidence suggests that inpatient treatment is ineffective in the long-term recovery of such patients. The inpatient services at the Oleaster will be audited against NICE guidelines for BPD. We hope to improve the care of patients with BPD and ensure effective use of psychiatric resources.MethodRetrospective case notes review of 35 patients admitted into the Oleaster from 1/11/2018–31/10/2019. This was taken from an initial sample of 72. Patients were excluded if they were admitted for other concomitant mental or behavioural problems (except problem use of tobacco, drugs or alcohol).Result69% of patients were referred to other mental health services (e.g CRHT/HTT, other local alternatives, liaison team) prior to admission. There was no evidence of referrals in 31% of the sample population.The reasons for admission include significant risks to themselves/others (n = 14) and detention under MHA (n = 14). Reasons were not noted in 7 patients.Advance agreement on the length and purpose of admission took place in 19 and 27 patients respectively. Discussion of potential harms and benefits of admission only took place in 4 patients. Discussion was not applicable in 2 patients who lacked capacity.Of the patients admitted ≥2 times in the previous 6 months, only 38% had a CPA review arranged. It was not arranged in the remaining 62%.ConclusionThere is room for improvement in the appropriate admission and documentation of BPD patients. Referral prior to admission was well adhered but documentation was unclear. Implementing a set checklist before admission could be recommended. Active involvement of patients was inadequate. It is especially lacking in regard to informing patients of the potential harms of admission. This can be improved by educating patients and staff on this matter.CPA reviews were not arranged in a timely manner. Placing an alert on patients’ records when they are admitted again within the last 6 months would help to reduce this issue. Overall, greater effort is required to ensure patient's most current needs are met and that limited psychiatric resources are used effectively.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Long times of detention"

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Vogel, Fredrik. „Minskning av långa häktningstider : En kritisk analys av utformning och tillämpning av det svenska häktningsinstitutet som orsak till långa häktningstider och huruvida regeringens förslag kan minska dessa häktningstider“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446385.

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Häktning är ett av de mest ingripande tvångsmedel som staten kan vidta gentemot enenskild person. I kombination med restriktionsanvändning riskerar det att kränka ett flertalav den enskildes grundlagsskyddade rättigheter. Att reglera en häktningslagstiftninginnebär att göra en noggrann avvägning mellan de brottsutredande myndigheternas möjlighetertill en effektiv utredning samt lagföring och den enskildes skydd för grundläggande fri- och rättigheter. Med en så ingripande åtgärd mot en ännu ej dömd person är det av största vikt att ställa höga krav på reglering och tillämpning av tvångsmedlet och dess överensstämmande med grundläggande principer och rättigheter. Senaste årens ökningav häktningstider är således oroande och kräver förändring. Sverige har under flera decennier fått återkommande och omfattande kritik för sin regleringkring häktning. Kritiken har riktat sig mot att det inte finns någon övre tidsgränsför hur länge en person kan sitta häktad, en omfattande restriktionsanvändning samt avsaknaden av effektiva alternativa tvångsmedel till häktning. Till följd av kritiken presenterade regeringen år 2020 ett flertal förslag som syftade till en effektivare häktningsreglering. I min framställning kommer jag ta sikte på möjligheterna att minska de långa häktningstiderna.Flertalet av förslagen har indirekt betydelse för möjligheterna att minska delånga häktningstiderna och det mest omdebatterade förslaget är det om införandet av enövre tidsgräns för hur länge man får sitta häktad.I min slutsats argumenterar jag för att nuvarande utformning och tillämpning av häktningsregleringenkan antas strida mot överordnad rätt och i viss mån vara anledningen tillde långa häktningstiderna. Jag ställer mig positiv till de förslag regeringen presenterar isyfte att förändra nuvarande häktningslagstiftning. Jag tror det finns en stor sannolikhet för att förslagen kommer kunna leda till minskade häktningstider. Samtidigt ställer jag mig tveksam till i vilken utsträckning den maxtidsgräns som presenteras kommer lösasamma problem. Visserligen anser jag att den gräns som presenteras är viktig ur legalitetssynpunkt, men att den inte i tillräcklig utsträckning avhjälper den proportionalitetsproblematik som förekommer. Jag är inte heller övertygad om att häktningstiderna faktiskt kommer minska till följd av införandet av denna gräns. Konsekvenserna av förslagen innebär på det stora hela en minskad användning av häktning, en mindre godtycklig häktningsprocess och minskade häktningstider. Förhoppningen är att förslagen i viss mån kommer underlätta för åklagare och domstol vid beslut om häktning och särskilt bedömningen av huruvida häktningen är proportionerlig eller ej. Jag menar emellertid att mer kan göras för att komma tillrätta med nuvarande häktningsregleringoch långa häktningstider varför ytterligare förslag på förändring kommer presenterasi denna framställning.
Pre-trial detention is one of the most intervening means of coercion that the state authorities can use against an individual. In combination with the use of restrictions there is risk that it will infringe a numerous of the constitutional rights of the individual. To regulatet he law of detention means to balance the interests of the possibilities of the stateauthorities to an efficient investigation and prosecution and the individuals protection oftheir constitutional rights. With such an intervening action against a not yet condemnedperson it is of paramount importance to ensure high demands on the regulation and applicationof the means of coercion and its compatibility with constitutional principles andrights. The increasing times of pre trial detention the last couple of years are therefore agitating and requires a change. Sweden has during several decades received recurrent and extensive criticism regardingits regultation on detention. The critic has been adressed against that there is no upperlimit for how long a person can undergo pre-trial detention, a comprehensive use of restrictions and the lack of efficient alternative means of coercion to pre trial detention.Following the criticism the government 2020 presented a numerous proposals on how to change the legislation in purpose of a more efficient regulation of detention. In my thesis I focus on the possibilities to decrease the long times of detention. Most of the proposalsare of relevance for the possibilities to decrease the long times of detention and the most debated proposal is the one regarding the imposition of an upper limit of how long aperson can remain in continual detention.In my conclusion I argue for that the present regulation and application of detention canbe assumed to infringe superior constitutional law and to a certain extent be the cause of the long times of detention. I remain positive towards the proposals the government present in order to change the current regulation of detention. I think it´s highly likely thatthe proposals can lead to shorter times of detention. At the same time I remain doubtfultowards in what extent the upper time limit that is presented can solve the same problem. Indeed I believe that the presented limit is important in an aspect of legality, but that it´s not enough to remedy the complex problem of proportionality that exists. I´m neitherconvinced that the long times of detention actually are going to decrease as a consequence of the imposition of this limit.The consequences of the proposals can overall lead to reduced use of detention, a less arbitrary detention process and shorter times of detention. Hopefully the proposals canfacilitate for public prosecutors and courts regarding decisions of detention and especiallythe assessment of whether the detention is proportional or not. However, I mean that morecan be done to settle current regulation and long times of detention why further proposals will be presented in this paper.
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West, Mark Peter. „Between times : 21st century American fiction and the long sixties“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5621/.

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This thesis examines conceptions of time and history in five American novels published between 1995 and 2012 which take as their subject matter events associated with the counterculture and New Left of the 1960s and 1970s. The thesis is organized around close readings of five novels. The first chapter focuses on Jennifer Egan’s The Invisible Circus (1995) and argues that it incorporates a number of problematic temporal experiences which have the effect of establishing a key tension of all the novels considered here: the concern with contextualizing and historicizing particular events and cultural atmospheres while remaining faithful to utopian ideas of radical change. Chapter two argues that Dana Spiotta’s Eat the Document (2006) is oriented both structurally and thematically towards a future in which the relationship between the 1960s and 1990s will more clearly understandable. The third chapter examines the way Christopher Sorrentino’s Trance (2005) explores the multiplicitous nature of historical narratives, and how he distinguishes between those narratives and a conception of the bare events beneath them. The focus of chapter four is Lauren Groff’s Arcadia (2012) and examines how conceptions of the relationship between humans and nature influence theories of time, mythic histories and post-apocalyptic narratives. The final chapter on David Foster Wallace’s The Pale King (2011) argues that the tension between continuation and change found in the conversion narrative is partly reconciled by a conception of time that allows the moment of radical utopian change (the moment of conversion) to be one of re-entrance into history. At stake throughout is the way these novels’ interpretation of particular events and larger cultural tendencies reveals and makes manifest various processes of historicization. I maintain a dual focus on the way these novels present historicization as something undertaken by individuals and societies and the ways in which these novels themselves not only engage in historicizations of the period but are in various ways self-conscious about doing so. If contemporary scholarship on the emergence of what has been called post-postmodern literature (Stephen J. Burn, Andrew Hoberek, Adam Kelly, Caren Irr) identifies a return to temporal concerns in recent fiction, the readings that comprise my thesis also make use of conceptions of time and history by Mark Currie, Jacques Derrida, Reinhold Niebuhr, Norman Mailer, Christopher Lasch, and Robert N. Bellah (among others) in order to ask: what are the particular material contours of the experiences of time and history manifested in these recent examples of the ‘sixties novel’?
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Direk, Omar Farik. „Clarifying application of international law to security detention issues in times of international territorial administration of Kosovo, East Timor and Iraq“. Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594104.

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This thesis attempts to clarify the application of international law in a specific context: namely, in regard to cases involving the detention
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Rauch, Thyra. „Effects of Short and Long Study Times on Learning by Maps Versus Navigation“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625423.

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Larsson, Catrine. „Effects on product quality for probiotic yoghurts caused by long storage times during production“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17275.

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Recent years there has been a large increase in the worldwide sales of cultured products containing probiotics. The obstacle in the production of fermented products incubated with probiotic strains is its effect on sensory, chemical and physical properties. This Master´s Thesis investigates how extended storage times in fermentation tank as well as buffer tank during production of probiotic yoghurts affect final product quality. Through experimental studies, maximum storage times for probiotic yoghurts were to be recommended. The study includes analyses of pH, viscosity, stability, acetic acid concentration, microbial viability and sensory evaluations.

Design of experiments (DOE) was used to construct a 32-factorial design for the experiment where different storage times were tested. The analyses showed that:

  • pH decreases with both storage time in fermentation tank and buffer tank.
  • Viscosity increases with long storage times in fermentation tank, while it decreases with long storage times in buffer tanks.
  • Many samples had a sandy/grainy and slimy texture which could be related to high levels of Bifidobacteria or high fermentation temperatures.
  • High levels of acetic acid was found in all samples.
  • All measurements data where within the specification limits, whereas no recommendation for maximum storage times during production could be given.
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Ornstein, Erika, und Carolina Josefsson. „An adaptation of the WLC approach for a make-to-order company with long lead times“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148796.

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Make-to-order and engineer-to-order companies often have few standard products and a demand that is hard to predict. To get orders the company gives quotations and competes for the customers. This thesis aims to identify the factors contribution to the lead time uncertainty at make-to-order companies and then to suggest a methodology to handle or eliminate some of these factors. A case study was conducted at a medium sized company with a combined make-to-order and engineer-to-order manual production system. The company has long lead times in the order process as well as the assembly process. The lead times for the case company are measured in weeks rather than minutes, hours or days. Information was collected during a three month period through interviews with the employees, attendance in meeting and observations at the shop floor. The information was structured and analyzed using for example anity diagrams, inter-relationship digraphs and a mini risk assessment. A solution was chosen through a matrix diagram, comparing different possible solutions in relation to the identified factors. The investigation showed that the problem area of quoting delivery dates was a significant problem. There is a tendency to give quotations for more than what would be possible to produce, to make sure the company get enough orders. This strategy induce uncertainty to the quoted lead times, since more quotations than what is possible might get accepted and the orders then have to wait for others to be completed. The long lead times further increase the problem, since the impact from the quotation phase is not visible until months later. Many times the company end up with too many orders to full and a stressful environment on the shop floor. The proposed improvements are based on the workload control approach and the two decision points; Customer Enquiry & Order stage and the Job Release stage. The goal is for the company to be able to make well informed and motivated planning decisions where priorities are applied in a systematic way. Focus should therefore be on improving the communication between departments. One important step is visualising the capacity utilisation when looking for a new delivery date. The quoted orders should be taken into account since they imply a contingent demand and use of capacity. The expected outcome of the methodology is that the quoted lead times will be more accurate and the company will have better means to deliver on time.
Företag som jobbar enligt tillverkning-mot-order och utveckling-mot-order har ofta få standardprodukter och en efterfragan som är svår att forutsäga. För att fåbeställningar skickar företaget offerter och konkurrerar om kunderna. Uppsatsen syftar till att identiera de faktorer som bidrar till osäkerhet i ledtiden hos tillverkning-mot-order-företag och sedan föreslå en metod för att hantera eller eliminera några av dessa faktorer. En fallstudie genomfördes på ett medelstort finmekanikföretag som kombinerar tillverkning-mot-order och utveckling-mot-order i ett manuellt produktionssystem. Företaget har långa ledtider i både orderprocessen och monteringen. Ledtiderna hos företaget mäts i veckor snarare än minuter, timmar eller dagar. Information samlades in under en tremånadersperiod genom intervjuer med de anställda, närvaro på möten och observationer av monteringen. Informationen strukturerades och analyserades med hjälp av till exempel släktskapsdiagram, relationsdiagram och en miniriskanalys. En lösning valdes genom ett matrisdiagram, som jämför olika möjliga lösningar i förhållande till de identifierade faktorerna. Undersökningen visade att offereringen av leveranstider var ett betydande problem. Det finns en tendens att offerera mer än vad som skulle vara möjligt att producera, för att se till att företaget får tillräckligt med beställningar. Denna strategi orsakar osäkerhet i de ledtider som offereras, eftersom fler offerter än vad som är mojligt kan accepteras och beställningar får sedan vänta på att andra ska bli klara. De långa ledtiderna ökar problemet ytterligare, eftersom effekterna från offertfasen inte märks förrän månader senare. Många gånger resulterar det i att företaget har allt för många beställningar att jobba med och en stressig miljö i monteringen. De föreslagna förbättringarna bygger på arbetsbelastningskontroll, med beslutspunkter vid kundförfrågan & beställning samt orderstart i montering. Målet är att företaget ska kunna göra väl underbyggda och motiverade planeringsbeslut där prioriteringar tillämpas på ett systematiskt sätt. Fokus bör därför ligga på att förbättra kommunikationen mellan avdelningarna. Ett viktigt steg är att visualisera kapacitetsutnyttjandet när vi letar efter ett nytt leveransdatum. Även de offerter som skickats ut men ännu inte accepterats bör beaktas eftersom de innebär en eventuell efterfrågan och användning av kapaciteten. Det förväntade resultatet av metoden är att de offererade ledtiderna kommer att vara mer exakt och bolaget kommer att ha bättre möjligheter att leverera i tid.
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Frazier, Corey. „WALL HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS IN THE ENDWALL REGION BEHIND A REFLECTED SHOCK WAVE AT LONG TEST TIMES“. Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4020.

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Shock-tube experiments are typically performed at high temperatures (>1200K) due to test-time constraints. These test times are usually ~1 ms in duration and the source of this short, test-time constraint is loss of temperature due to heat transfer. At short test times, there is very little appreciable heat transfer between the hot gas and the cold walls of the shock tube and a high test temperature can be maintained. However, some experiments are using lower temperatures (approx. 800K) to achieve ignition and require much longer test times (up to 15 ms) to fully study the chemical kinetics and combustion chemistry of a reaction in a shock-tube experiment. Using mathematical models, analysis was performed studying the effects of temperature, pressure, shock-tube inner diameter, and test-port location at various test times (from 1 – 20 ms) on temperature maintenance. Three models, each more complex than the previous, were used to simulate test conditions in the endwall region behind the reflected shock wave with Ar and N2 as bath gases. Temperature profile, thermal BL thickness, and other parametric results are presented herein. It was observed that higher temperatures and lower pressures contributed to a thicker thermal boundary layer, as did shrinking inner diameter. Thus it was found that a test case such as 800K and 50 atm in a 16.2-cm-diameter shock tube in Argon maintained thermal integrity much better than other cases – pronounced by a thermal boundary layer < 1 mm thick and an average temperature > 799.9 K from 1–20 ms.
M.S.M.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering MSME
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Park, Jonghwa. „Creep rupture data analysis by association with a large database on numerous materials tested for long times“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056995362.

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Jowitt, Sharon. „Juvenile offenders, 'grave' crimes and the use of long-term detention : an examination of the law and issues of contemporary criminal justice“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/juvenile-offenders-grave-crimes-and-the-use-of-longterm-detention(8db97919-f8b5-418d-9948-d1a5c8051edf).html.

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This thesis examines the use of long-term detention for juveniles convicted of certain grave and very serious crimes (excluding murder). The study incorporates a detailed exploration of the law together with other substantive issues of contemporary criminal and youth justice. Centrally, the research focuses on s.91 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (formerly s. 53(2) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933). This law provides the higher courts with special powers to detain juveniles to longer periods of detention above the usual 24-month limit. This separate system of law and justice for the most serious juvenile offenders is subjected to rigorous theoretical and empirical scrutiny. At its heart, the study seeks to explain the mechanisms and ramifications of sentencing juveniles to long periods of detention. The cumulative research findings are based on a thorough review of the literature combined with an extensive fieldwork project undertaken at six selected young offender institutions. Interviews were conducted with 142 young prisoners (aged 15-21) convicted of violent and other very serious crimes and sentenced to long periods of detention. From a detailed analysis of key index offence and offender characteristics, the study examines the experiences of the respondents from the pre-conviction stage of the legal process and following sentencing. The varying levels of offence-gravity are considered within the context of contemporary sentencing theory and the use of proportionate sentences. In addition, the experiences of a remand to prison custody, trial and sentencing at the crown court, and detention in a young offender institution are described and critically evaluated. The research findings juxtapose the nature and extent of youthful offender vulnerability with the commission of very serious crimes and a system of justice most usually reserved for adult offenders. The tension between these elements represents one of the most complex challenges for contemporary criminal justice and society.
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Caesar, Warren. „Measuring the underlying causes of long waiting times and the barriers to implementing recommendations to reduce waiting times, at a public sector primary health care facility in Cape Town“. University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6541.

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Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM)
Long waiting times before receiving a health service, give rise to long queues and congested health facilities, both of which are unnecessary and avoidable. Since patients in part judge the quality of the service by the length of time they spent waiting for it, it is imperative to measure waiting times, and determine and mitigate the immediate and underlying causes of lengthy waits. The facility under investigation was known to have excessively long waiting times. Since the immediate causes of long waiting times were known, it was thus required to research and understand the underlying causes of long waiting times and consequently whether there were any barriers to implementing recommendations to reduce waiting times at this primary health care facility. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the underlying causes of long waiting times and the barriers to implementing recommendations to reduce waiting times. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional analytical study with a small qualitative component was undertaken. The qualitative study took a workshop format by piggy-backing onto feedback sessions held to present the results of the previously conducted waiting time survey to staff. Staff commentary at the workshops on possible underlying causes and barriers to recommendations to reduce them, were then used to develop a questionnaire for the quantitative portion of the study. The population and sample for the qualitative part of the study were all staff working at the facility who attended the feedback sessions. The cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study intended to uncover what underlying causes affected long waiting times, what recommendations could be explored to mitigate long waiting times and improve the patient experience, and if there were any barriers to these recommendations. The quantitative study population and sample were all staff who worked at the facility for more than six months and all patients who had utilised the services at the facility for three or more times. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, which were different for staff and patients. A detailed descriptive analysis was conducted.
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Bücher zum Thema "Long times of detention"

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Chowdhury, Badrul Haider. The long echoes. Dhaka: Naima Haider, 1990.

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Chowdhury, Badrul Haider. The long echoes. Dacca: Naima Haider, 1990.

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Seven long times. 2. Aufl. Houston, Tex: Arte Publico Press, 1994.

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Thomas, Piri. Seven long times. 2. Aufl. Houston, Tex: Arte Publico Press, 1994.

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Times long past. United States]: Xlibris, 2010.

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Teyssiére, Giles. Double long-memory Financial Times series. London: London University, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Department of Economics, 1996.

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Tang, Lijun, Jun Rao, Yufen Lin, Dinghua Li, Shisiye, Wenjuan Chen, Xinru Dong, Weiting Chen und Xue Han. Zui ling long: Lost love in times. [Beijing]: Hua lu chu ban chuan mei you xian gong si, 2017.

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Hardest times : the trauma of long term unemployment. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2001.

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Hughes, Kathryn. The short life & long times of Mrs. Beeton. London: Fourth Estate, 2005.

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Foster, John. Nine times in ten: Short stories and long. Leicester: Matador, 2012.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Long times of detention"

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Ojiambo, Peter Otiato. „The University of Hard Knocks: Manyani Detention Camp“. In Kenyan Youth Education in Colonial and Post-Colonial Times, 23–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59990-8_2.

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Ross, Monte. „Vast distances and long travel times“. In The Search for Extraterrestrials, 3–8. New York, NY: Praxis, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74070-6_1.

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Kriger, Mark, und Yuriy Zhovtobryukh. „Creating Truly Healthy Organizations in the Long Term“. In Strategic Leadership for Turbulent Times, 115–33. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40380-3_7.

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Tidecks, Reinhard. „The limit of long quasiparticle relaxation times“. In Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, 168–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0048857.

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Basil, Michael D. „Analyzing the Consumer Journey for Long-Distance Thru-Hikes: An Abstract“. In Enlightened Marketing in Challenging Times, 529–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42545-6_184.

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Wallwork, Adrian. „How Long, How Much Time, How Many Times“. In Top 50 Grammar Mistakes, 69–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70984-0_27.

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Sechel, Teodora Daniela. „Translations of Medical Texts of the Habsburg Monarchy in the Long Eighteenth Century“. In Translations In Times of Disruption, 147–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58334-5_7.

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Niederman, Laurent. „Stability Over Exponentially Long Times in the Planetary Problem“. In From Newton to Chaos, 109–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1085-1_10.

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Meissner, Joachim, und Markus Kraft. „Rheological Characterization of Polyethylene Melts with Long Relaxation Times“. In Progress and Trends in Rheology V, 404. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51062-5_194.

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Farré, Jeronimo, David Ross, Isaac Wiener, Frits W. Bär, Eduard J. Vanagt und Hein J. J. Wellens. „Reciprocal tachycardias using accessory pathways with long conduction times“. In Professor Hein J.J. Wellens: 33 Years of Cardiology and Arrhythmology, 197–213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4110-9_19.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Long times of detention"

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Eisazade, Hossein, Behzad Davodi, Mohammad Soleimani lashkenari, A. D’Amore, Domenico Acierno und Luigi Grassia. „Investigation the effect of time detention on the removal of chromuim from aqueous solution by using polyaniline∕polystyrene nanocomposite“. In V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455599.

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Wilde, Thomas, Christian Rossl und Holger Theisel. „FTLE Ridge Lines for Long Integration Times“. In 2018 IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scivis.2018.8823761.

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Urbanowski, K., und J. Piskorski. „ENERGY OF UNSTABLE STATES AT LONG TIMES“. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814329682_0086.

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Bekey, Ivan. „Obtaining Long Warning Times on Long-Period Comets and Small Asteroids“. In 2004 Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth from Asteroids. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1421.

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Pandit, Ashok, und Chi Hyueon Youn. „Factors Affecting Long-Term Performance of Wet Retention/Detention Basins by a Continuous Simulation Model“. In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)183.

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Roarty, Hugh, Chloe Baskin, Michael Smith und Scott Glenn. „Reduced averaging times in the long range seasonde“. In OCEANS 2014 - TAIPEI. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans-taipei.2014.6964381.

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Bruining, J., und D. Marchesin. „Spontaneous Ignition in Porous Media at Long Times“. In 11th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20146388.

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Drouart, A., J. L. Charvet, A. Chbihi, M. Chevallier, C. Cohen, D. Dauvergne, R. Dayras et al. „Long Fission Times of Super-Heavy Compound Nuclei“. In COMPOUND-NUCLEAR REACTIONS AND RELATED TOPICS: Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Compound-Nuclear Reactions and Related Topics - CNR∗ 2007. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2920734.

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Lee, Heun-Jin, Charles Adams, Nir Davidson, Brent Young, Martin Weitz, Mark Kasevich, Steven Chu, D. J. Wineland, C. E. Wieman und S. J. Smith. „Dipole Trapping, Cooling in Traps, and Long Coherence Times“. In ATOMIC PHYSICS 14: Fourteenth International Conference on Atomic Physics. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2946010.

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Anderegg, F., X. P. Huang, C. F. Driscoll, G. D. Severn und E. Sarid. „Long ion plasma confinement times with a ‘‘rotating wall’’“. In Non−neutral plasma physics II: The Berkeley workshop on non−neutral. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47893.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Long times of detention"

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Haines, Michael. "Long Term Marriage Patterns in the United States from Colonial Times tothe Present". Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, März 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0080.

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Laitala, Kirsi, und Ingun Grimstad Klepp. Clothing Longevity: The Relationship Between The Number of Users, How Long and How Many Times Garments are Used. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10223.

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Kerwin, Donald, Mark von Sternberg, Juan Osuna, Mary McClenahan, Alicia Triche, Helen Morris und Tom Shea. The Needless Detention of Immigrants in the United States: Why Are We Locking Up Asylum-Seekers, Children, Stateless Persons, Long-Term Permanent Residents, and Petty Offenders? Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc., August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/atriskreport4.

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Pi, Bo. A measurement of the e/π ratio difference between short (250 ns) and long (2.2 μs) integration times with the D0 uranium-liquid argon central calorimeter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10135821.

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Pi, Bo. A Measurement of the $e/\pi$ Ratio Difference between Short (250-$\mu$s) and Long (2.2 microseconds) Integration Times with the D0 Uranium Liquid Argon Central Calorimeters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372855.

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Fu, Gongkang. Evaluation of Illinois Bridge Deterioration Models. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-029.

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The National Bridge Inventory bridge inspection system ranks the condition of bridge components on a scale of zero to nine. The resulting condition ratings represent an important element considered in deciding measures for bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. Thus, forecasting future condition ratings well is critical to reliable planning for these activities and estimating the costs. The Illinois Department of Transportation currently has deterministic models for this purpose. This study’s objective is to review the current models using condition rating histories gathered from 1980 to 2020 in Illinois for the following bridge components: deck, superstructure, substructure, culvert, and deck beam. The results show the current Illinois Department of Transportation models are inadequate in forecasting condition ratings, producing overestimates of the transition times between two condition rating levels for these components / systems, except for the deck beam, which is underestimated. It is recommended that the mean transition times found in this study from condition rating histories are used to replace the current models as a short-term solution. Further research is recommended to develop probabilistic models as a long-term solution to address observed significant variation or uncertainty in condition rating and transition times between condition rating levels.
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Whisler, Daniel, Rafael Gomez Consarnau und Ryan Coy. Novel Eco-Friendly, Recycled Composites for Improved CA Road Surfaces. Mineta Transportation Institute, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2046.

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The continued use of structural plastics in consumer products, industry, and transportation represents a potential source for durable, long lasting, and recyclable roadways. Costs to dispose of reinforced plastics can be similar to procuring new asphalt with mechanical performance exceeding that of the traditional road surface. This project examines improved material development times by leveraging advanced computational material models based on validated experimental data. By testing traditional asphalt and select carbon and glass reinforced composites, both new and recycled, it is possible to develop a finite element simulation that can predict the material characteristics under a number of loads virtually, and with less lead time compared to experimental testing. From the tested specimens, composites show minimal strength degradation when recycled and used within the asphalt design envelopes considered, with an average of 49% less wear, two orders of magnitude higher compressive strength, and three orders for tensile strength. Predictive computational analysis using the validated material models developed for this investigation confirms the long-term durability.
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Kaffenberger, Michelle, und Lant Pritchett. Women’s Education May Be Even Better Than We Thought: Estimating the Gains from Education When Schooling Ain’t Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/049.

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Women’s schooling has long been regarded as one of the best investments in development. Using two different cross-nationally comparable data sets which both contain measures of schooling, assessments of literacy, and life outcomes for more than 50 countries, we show the association of women’s education (defined as schooling and the acquisition of literacy) with four life outcomes (fertility, child mortality, empowerment, and financial practices) is much larger than the standard estimates of the gains from schooling alone. First, estimates of the association of outcomes with schooling alone cannot distinguish between the association of outcomes with schooling that actually produces increased learning and schooling that does not. Second, typical estimates do not address attenuation bias from measurement error. Using the new data on literacy to partially address these deficiencies, we find that the associations of women’s basic education (completing primary schooling and attaining literacy) with child mortality, fertility, women’s empowerment and the associations of men’s and women’s basic education with positive financial practices are three to five times larger than standard estimates. For instance, our country aggregated OLS estimate of the association of women’s empowerment with primary schooling versus no schooling is 0.15 of a standard deviation of the index, but the estimated association for women with primary schooling and literacy, using IV to correct for attenuation bias, is 0.68, 4.6 times bigger. Our findings raise two conceptual points. First, if the causal pathway through which schooling affects life outcomes is, even partially, through learning then estimates of the impact of schooling will underestimate the impact of education. Second, decisions about how to invest to improve life outcomes necessarily depend on estimates of the relative impacts and relative costs of schooling (e.g., grade completion) versus learning (e.g., literacy) on life outcomes. Our results do share the limitation of all previous observational results that the associations cannot be given causal interpretation and much more work will be needed to be able to make reliable claims about causal pathways.
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Ahumada, Hildegart, Eduardo A. Cavallo, Santos Espina-Mairal und Fernando Navajas. Sectoral Productivity Growth, COVID-19 Shocks, and Infrastructure. Inter-American Development Bank, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003411.

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This paper examines sectoral productivity shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, their aggregate impact, and the possible compensatory effects of improving productivity in infrastructure-related sectors. We employ the KLEMS annual dataset for a group of OECD and Latin America and the Caribbean countries, complemented with high-frequency data for 2020. First, we estimate a panel vector autoregression of growth rates in sector level labor productivity to specify the nature and size of sectoral shocks using the historical data. We then run impulse-response simulations of one standard deviation shocks in the sectors that were most affected by COVID 19. We estimate that the pandemic cut economy-wide labor productivity by 4.9 percent in Latin America, and by 3.5 percent for the entire sample. Finally, by modeling the long-run relationship between productivity shocks in the sectors most affected by COVID 19, we find that large productivity improvements in infrastructure--equivalent to at least three times the historical rates of productivity gains--may be needed to fully compensate for the negative productivity losses traceable to COVID 19.
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Tsybekmitova, G. Ts, L. D. Radnaeva, N. A. Tashlykova, V. G. Shiretorova, A. K. Tulokhonov, B. B. Bazarova und M. O. Matveeva. THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SHIFTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOCENOSIS: LAKE ARAKHLEY (EASTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA). DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0973-7308-2020-35-3-77-90.

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Lake Arakhley is located within the Lake Baikal basin in Eastern Siberia, Russia. The area is characterized by continental subarctic climate with considerate diurnal temperature range, long cold dry winters and short hot summers with more precipitation occurring during the latter half of the summer. Climatic shifts in high water years and low water years result in morphometric changes in the lake and in the chemical and physical parameters of the ecosystem. During low water years, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are decreased, whereas nitrate concentration increases. High water years feature average concentrations of ammonium ions 1.5–2 times higher than the values of recent dry years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of abiotic factors and biotic community indicated that the community structure shows the greatest correlation with physical and chemical parameters of water and biogenic elements (nitrites, ammonium, phosphates) along the first axis, and with the lake depth and transparency along the second axis. Changes in abiotic factors induce functioning and formation of characteristic communities of the primary producers in the trophic structure of the ecosystem. During low water years, with increased level of autochthonous organic matter, Lindavia comta dominance is observed, while during high water years, with increased allochthonous organic matter Asterionella formosa appeared as dominant. Currently, during low water years, the hydrophytes community is monodominant and composed of Ceratophyllum demersum. Meanwhile, such species indicating eutrophic conditions as Myriophyllum sibiricum, Potamogeton pectinatus are found in the lake vegetation.
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