Dissertationen zum Thema „Logiese positivisme“
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Oberdan, Thomas. „Protocols, truth and convention“. Amsterdam ; Atlanta, GA : Rodopi, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35609110v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOSSAH, EBOTO CHARLES. „Science et histoire des sciences dans la philosophie des sciences du positivisme logique“. Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010664.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn logical positivism, the whole processes of modern science are the paradigm on which philosophy has to model itself, from galilee to einstein. This approach to science as a philosophical paradigm takes no account of the way theories are built. What matters for logical empirism is the process of reconstruction in the framework of objective science. Indeed, within science, there is ample room for conceptual clarification. This is a philosophical work to be done by science itself. Philosophy is called upon to assume this rebuilding task, which is rational from outside. As a consequence, logical empirism is not relevant to science as a historical process. Only the context of justification is a matter for science philosophy, considered as the logic of sciences. The context of discovery is concerned with science sociology and psychology
Naud, Didier. „Le positivisme logique a-t-il été une politique des sciences ou l'abolition présumée des vertus cardinales de la philosophie ?“ Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081238.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLogical positivism has condemned metaphysics and developed a new conception of knowledge. Breaking from traditional philosophy, logical positivists have implemented a process to formalise sentences enabling them to build a genuine logic of science. This school of thought has nonetheless used and transformed a standard philosophical motif : building a universal language. To unify scientific knowledge, logical positivism has put forward a project and a programme of formalisation, mainly carried out in rudolf carnap's the logical syntaxe of language. In spite of this work, the importance of philosophy did not lessen in the years when this school of thought flowered and matured. The oppositions to the logic of science and the debates on metaphysics demonstrate the presence of philosophy in a scientific conception of the world which attempts to avoid it. The specific features of this presence reveal the continuity and mutation of a contemporary epistemology
Andreas, Holger. „Carnaps Wissenschaftslogik : eine Untersuchung zur Zweistufenkonzeption /“. Paderborn : Mentis, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41042020j.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSievers, Juliele Maria. „A philosophical reading of legal positivism“. Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work offers an original approach on the legal notions developed by Hans Kelsen in his attempts towards a “pure” theory of Law, based on a philosophical analysis of the main legal concepts that have a strong philosophical feature, namely those notions which are somehow “shared” between the two fields in their name, but not always in their meaning. While the most striking notion to be approached via a philosophical perspective would probably be that of legal validity (since validity is a central term also in Logic), we aim, in the same way, to approach the notions of legal fictions, the notion of science in Law, normative conflicts or “contradictions” as they are commonly – and wrongly – named, and the rule of inference as it is applied in the context of normative creation, giving place to the wrong notion of practical reasoning. The notion of practical reasoning is very rich in this context of comparison, and will be a special one, as it serves for us to analyze traditional problems of legal theory, such as Jørgensen’s dilemma, as well as it offers us the opportunity of providing our own alternative of a logical treatment of the process of legal justification of the creation of a norm. We aim to analyze the notion of legal and logical conditions as well, which represent a changing in Kelsen’s perspective on the utility and legitimacy of the application of logic to the legal domain. Such a comparative study, even if it appears to be fundamental for clarifying those notions in their respective fields, is a task never before developed in this systematic manner. The objective of such a study is to provide a clear overview of the boundaries between the fields of philosophy (especially logic) and the legal norms. A clear understanding of the relations between those “homonym” notions may explain why they are most of the time misused when philosophers talk about law, as well as when lawyers try to justify the concepts composing the legal theory.The context of this study is the legal positivism as it is explained by the legal-philosopher Hans Kelsen. This choice is justified by the fact that Kelsen’s legal theory appears to be the most suitable frame for an analytical, logic-oriented investigation. The work emphasized will be the General Theory of Norms (1979), mainly because of the fact that this book represents how intensively Kelsen dedicated himself to the legal problems mostly related to philosophy or logic, namely the question of the application of logic to norms and the clarification of problematic notions such as the basic norm as a fiction or, still, the notion of modally indifferent substrate
Aray, Basak. „La philosophie politique de l'empirisme logique : Otto Neurath et le "Cercle de Vienne de gauche"“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010528.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite logical empiricism’s dismissal by ambient postpositivism in academia as well as by the Far Left, a growing interest in its previously unknown socialist origins has resulted in a new topic in the history of philosophy of science : «Left Vienna Circle» (LVC). This thesis dedicated to LVC studies aims to clarify the politics of European logical empiricism. A presentation of its major critics from the Left (from communist parties to neo-Marxist trends like Frankfurt School and feminist epistemology) is followed by more recent arguments about its socialist politics. The «scientific world conceptions» of logical empiricism and Marxism will be compared through the work of Neurath and some other representatives of LVC (Carnap, Frank, Zilsel, Hahn). Alongside the connections of logical empiricism to the movement for an international auxiliary language, Neurath’s economical writings and his efforts to popularize quantitative methods in social sciences (the Isotype method of visual statistics) will be presented in an attempt to evaluate the politics of logical empiricism
Leguérinel, Luc Poulain Jacques. „Enjeux et limites des théories contemporaines de l' action de la praxéologie à la pragmatique /“. Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/consult.php?url_these=theses/LeguerinelThese.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTibaoui, Mounir. „Fondationalisme inductiviste et faillibilisme dans la philosophie contemporaine des sciences“. Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeguérinel, Luc. „Enjeux et limites des théories contemporaines de l' action : de la praxéologie à la pragmatique“. Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/130552674#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe praxiology of T. Kotarbiński means before all to determinate a physical action within a decision-maker system through the only notion of efficiency. Notion which suppose a strict causal structure from the image of an objective and rational world, close to the conception of logical positivism. The pragmatical conception of speech-acts theoreticians doesn’t need, for its part, to resort to determined proceeding rules in order to reach this efficiency, since theses rules are already inherent in language. It simply needs to resort to rationality principle of speakers. So, there is no need in this case to have recourse to solipsist decision to create a situation of obligation, since by judging himself in advance on the name of the others, the speaker takes for himself their judgment. For its part, the pragmatic of K. O. Apel and J. Habermas takes over the monological model of speech-acts theoriticians by an intersubjective model of communication, in order to respond to questions from democracy and law. However, in presupposing subjectively on what the concensus could be based on, this pragmatic does not differ significantly from the theory of speech-acts, not even from the praxiological system
Bligh, Grégory. „Les bases philosophiques du positivisme juridique de H.L.A. Hart“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis bears on the implicit epistemology and methodological considerations underlying the legal philosophy of H.L.A. Hart (1907-1992), the major representative of XXth century legal positivism in the English speaking world, and Oxford chair of jurisprudence (1952-1968). His work remains little known in France.We will seek to answer the view that Hart might not really have been durably influenced by ordinary language philosophy. We will address these questions by examining a corpus of earlier (overlooked) articles which he published as a young Oxford linguistic philosopher. This “early work” consists of the articles which Hart published before he in was elected to the Oxford chair of jurisprudence. Our view is that the work in general philosophy which he did in this early period is crucial to understand some of the positions which he defends in his legal writings. This thesis will thus show that Hart was active in the epistemological debate opposing the Oxford philosophers and the British representatives of logical atomism and logical empiricism. It will also show that these early positions are carried over into his later jurisprudence, including his major work The Concept of Law (1961).Shedding light on these philosophical foundations of Hart’s legal theory will ultimately allow us to reconstruct the debate opposing his own “analytical positivism” and Continental forms of positivism, such as Hans Kelsen’s normativism or Alf Ross Scandinavian legal realism. It will also allow us to draw important parallels between Hartian legal theory and that of the francophone philosopher Chaïm Perelman
Rogove, John. „Une science sans présupposés ? : intuition eidétique et structure méréologique entre réduction phénoménologique et réductionnisme logico-empiriste“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation takes as its point of departure a polemical comparison of the respective claims of the phenomenological and classical analytic-linguistic methods to provide an account of a priori knowledge of essential or necessary truth that is as free as possible of presuppositions and circular reasoning. The precise problem around which this confrontation crystalizes is the one concerning the possibility of material a priori truths. First, we propose a mereological interpretation of and solution to this problem in the Husserlian terms of wholes composed of dependent parts, which allows for a better account of such wholes than does the atomistic mereology that characterizes most “analytic” formal ontologies, and we propose an understanding of the method of eidetic intuition as mereological analysis. Secondly, we apply this analysis to the phenomenological method itself, understanding the transcendental reduction as a mereological variation on the material a priori of correlation that characterizes the very structure of the relation between the ego and the world; this obliges us to see this structure in turn as an intuitable concrete whole whose subjective and objective parts are merely absolutely dependent moments, without privileging the subject-pole of this structure. In this way, it is only on the strict condition that phenomenology “desubjectivize” itself that it might at once refute a certain number of analytic and empiricist dogmas and ground its own method without recourse to unnecessary and untenable presuppositions
Viel, Nicolas. „Musique et néo-positivisme : trajectoires de la création musicale d'Arnold Schoenberg à Pierre Barbaud“. Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe influence of neo-positivism on 20th century western music composers answers the issue of conceptual continuity in music modernism. Born of the Viennese spirit, neo-positivism influenced the two inventors of «twelve-tone music », Arnold Schoenberg and Joseph-Matthias Hauer. The concept of « compositional system »which was taken literally by American modernists such as Charles Seeger and Henry Cowell, as allowed them to break with musical and aesthetic tradition in Europe. It then gave birth to different axiomatic « systems »influenced by Viennese neo-positivism, such as Joseph Schillinger’s composition system or such as what can be heard in John Cage’s first pieces. Neo-positivism returned to Europe via American cybernetics, sociology and linguistics to be vested again, in music, in Pierre Boulez’s serialism, in Iannis Xenakis physicalism, in Luciano Berio’s « instrumental positivism » and in Pierre Barbaud’s algorithmic music
Ouelbani, Mélika. „Le projet constructionniste de Carnap ses origines et ses problèmes /“. Tunis : Publications de la Faculté des sciences humaines et sociales, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357491863.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBernal, Velásquez Reinaldo J. „Une théorie physicaliste de la conscience phénoménale“. Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010643.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDurr, Margarete. „La notion de pertinence en traduction juridique bidirectionnelle français-allemand“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the question of the intelligibility of legal translation for a legal practitioner. Our working hypothesis is that the failure of the legal translation is explained by the lack of relevance of the translation for its user. To shed light on this aspect, an interdisciplinary approach is adopted. Methodologically, we start from the criticism of the notion of equivalence and the conception of translation as a search for equivalents. Our state of the art is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson. The second part describes the treatment of relevance in information science. The third part presents the theory of relevance and the theory of knowledge developed by sociologist Alfred Schütz. Our corpus includes 145 French-German texts used as a basis for contrasts analyses. In the personal contribution, we propose a definition of relevance and its conditions in translation. Finally, a practical method of translation based on the notions of relevance and usage is outlined
Lasnier, Monique. „John Wisdom métaphysicien : recherches sur le sens“. Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study attempts to account for John Wisdom’s original approach to metaphysics. The first part provides a survey of some significant developments in philosophy in the first decades of the twentieth century. Following in Moore’s and Russell’s footsteps Wisdom started his career as a logical atomist, then moved closer to positivism. He was also greatly influenced by Wittgenstein whose thought he used with considerable skill in his own work. Wittgenstein rejected metaphysics as meaningless. Wisdom used Wittgenstein’s technique but reached opposing conclusions. In the second part extracts from Wisdom’s writings are presented and analysed under three headings: philosophy of mind, philosophy of religion, moral philosophy. The approach is unusual but motivated by Wisdom’s careful attention to detail, an issue which he considered to be of major importance in philosophy. Then the question of the meaning of metaphysics is raised: are there criteria of meaning? How should the philosopher proceed? What is a metaphysical question? How can such a question be handled? How can it be answered? In the third part the study shows that Wisdom is able to support his metaphysics with further thoughts on the nature of rationality. The coherence of Wisdom’s ideas is assessed, as well as the manner in which Wisdom tackles and solves metaphysical problems
Danan, Éric. „Vers une théorie économique positive de l'indécision“. Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolive, Emmanuel. „Subjectivité et vie de relation à partir de l'œuvre de Maine de Biran“. Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUEL005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTardif, Pier-Alexandre. „Une interprétation formaliste de la signification et du statut logique de la critique quinienne de la distinction analytique-synthétique“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25317.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this dissertation, the author proposes a formalist interpretation of the meaning and logical status of the critique that Quine put forward against the classical philosophic distinction between analytic and synthetic statements in his 1951 article Two Dogmas of Empiricism. Against the standard interpretation that prevails in the literature, according to which this critique is categorical and without appeal, the author undertakes to rationally reconstruct Quine's theory of meaning in order to reveal the renewed distinction between "analytic" and "synthetic" as it was introduced in his last book, From Stimulus to Science (1995). The meaning and logical status that ought to be assigned to his notion of "meaning" are specified by means of a comparative study between Quine's own conception and that of Churchland and Searle. Reinterpreted in the light of these considerations, the Quinian critique proves to be a metaepistemological reassessment of the logical empiricism's philosophical practice.
Pris, François-Igor. „Le fossé explicatif dans la philosophie de l’esprit du point de vue de la deuxième philosophie de Wittgenstein vue comme un naturalisme normatif“. Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe argue that every mental property, Q, is identical to (is) a certain physical property, P, (1) Q is P, so that an ontological “gap” between Q and P doesn’t exist. We argue that the identity (1) can be explained. Hence the so-called “explanatory gap” (EG) (an epistemic gap) is also absent. Moreover, from our point of view, the difference between the ontological and epistemic levels is relative. The naturalism/physicalism is true, but if and only if it is what we call a “normative naturalism/physicalism”. We find this kind of naturalism/physicalism in the second philosophy of Wittgenstein (W). The language games are natural (physical) and at the same time spontaneous (normative). In particular, the normative physicalism allows resolving the Hard Problem - the problem of identity between a state of phenomenal consciousness and a physical state. We defend a version of phenomenal realism
Bandini, Aude. „De l'épistémologie à l'ontologie : science, métaphysique et philosophie de l'esprit dans l'oeuvre de Wilfrid Sellars“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRivain, Thierry. „"La construction logique du monde" de Rudolph Carnap : introduction, traduction et notes“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLengelo, Muhenya Junior-Placide. „De la conception empiriste du langage représentationnel au projet carnapien du réductionnisme logique : En quête d'une démarche empiriste libérale autour des années 1930“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT5002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn empiricist theory of knowledge argues that language has the capacity to represent something other than itself. Beginning from the end of the 17th century, Locke and his successors analysed empirically what our ideas are reflections of and what words represent in the mind. At the beginning of the 1930s, Schlick and his Vienna Circle colleagues exploited the logico-linguistic advances of Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein in the logical analysis of scientific propositions, i.e. their correspondence with the states of affairs they represent. Following their example, analytic philosophy would henceforth reduce problems of knowledge to the level of linguistic experience. This is where the radical and reductionist character of the empiricist perspective is to be found: the classical empiricists identified the chronological genesis of our ideas and thoughts in perception; the Vienna Circle philosophers in their turn determine the meaning of a proposition by translating it into elementary propositions or Protokollsätze, which reflect directly an empirical “given”. During the same period, Carnap distances himself from his fellow empiricists by formulating the formulating the problems of scientific language in terms of the rational reconstruction of concepts by introducing new concepts based on those already identified as fundamental from a phenomenalist (the Aufbau, 1928) or physicalist (during the 1930s) perspective. This is the logical reductionism that Carnap reinforces through logical syntax. For him, logical analysis is less concerned with the given than with the proposition, and in particular with the formal properties and purely logical relations between propositions within a system. Carnap attempts in this way to “liberalize” empiricism, both by rendering more flexible and open its claim to be scientific and, in conformity to his “Tolerance Principle”, in adding questions of conventions to the empirical grounding of scientific propositions. In attributing to philosophy, understood as “the logic of science”, the task of elaborating forms and methods adequate to the construction of the language of science, he thus moderates the Viennese critique of metaphysics
Kammerer, François. „Le problème de l’expérience consciente : une tentative de dissolution“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040162.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConscious experience constitutes a problem for physicalism. Indeed, it seems difficult to understand how something purely physical (such as the brain) can have conscious experiences. The phenomenal concept strategy is perhaps the most popular strategy for those who want to address this problem and defend physicalism. This strategy tries to account for our anti-physicalist intuitions regarding consciousness from within a purely physicalist framework, by way of a theory of our concepts of conscious experiences. This dissertation consists firstly in a presentation and a critical discussion of current versions of the phenomenal concept strategy. It tries to show that the various theories belonging to this strategy (broadly construed) all fail to give a satisfying account of anti-physicalist intuitions regarding consciousness; first, because they cannot give an account of our cognitively substantial grasp of consciousness (a grasp which is at the basis of our anti-physicalist intuitions); second, because they cannot explain the conceptual robustness of those intuitions. This dissertation also seeks to put forth a new theory of phenomenal concepts, one able to address those difficulties. This new theory describes phenomenal concepts as concepts that possess substantial cognitive content, in virtue of which they characterize conscious experiences as mental states which stand in a particularly intimate epistemological relation with the subject who has them. I argue that this theory manages to solve the various difficulties encountered by other theories of phenomenal concepts, thus allowing us to dissolve the metaphysical problem of consciousness in a satisfying way
Ciaunica, Anna. „Physicalisme et qualia : limites de la rationalité scientifique au XXe siècle“. Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOL023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle“Everything is physical” physicalists claim. “Everything except qualia” reply the defenders of the Knowledge Argument. This thesis argues that both parties to this debate are committed to a traditional picture according to which one can tacitly adopt the standpoint of an off-stage narrator, capable of distinguishing ab initio between the different items in this conceptual scenario. The main claim here is that every time we artificially introduce a sharp conceptual distinction separating these two items or levels (mental and physical), we must automatically make a sophisticated conceptual leap in order to link the first-person qualitative perspective with the external physical world. Thus the physicalism/qualia dispute is only a by-product of an extended theoretical conception of the mind/world link which entails two distinct kinds of problems: (i) structural problems (to define and determine conceptually dual items like thought/matter, reason/senses, subject/object, etc.). Such problems require us to question “how are these items supposed to work together?” and this leads us to the second group of problems: (ii) mediation problems. The first group of problems inevitably leads to explanatory gaps; the second ends up needing to appeal to conceptual leaps in order to ensure the necessary link between two separate items. This exerts a powerful influence over the cast of our thoughts: seen from this angle, all philosophical enterprise comes down to the question of where to place the three following parameters: the world as it is, the conceptual picture which aims to represent the world as it is and the theorist-painter gifted with the ability to capture the world picture as it is. We also face the problem of finding the right mediators to assure coherence among the members of this trio, and the problem of setting the valid criteria guaranteeing the theorist-painter that what is captured on his conceptual canvas does indeed correspond to the world as it is, i.e. that he is not laboring under the delusions of an evil genie. In this thesis I argue against this way of putting things
Dunand, Stéphane. „La réalité des couleurs“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work tries to defend an objectivist theory of colour by a reconciliation of two theses generally considered as incompatible: physicalism, the theory that colours are scientific properties of objects, and revelation, the thesis that the nature of a colour is revealed by an experience of this colour. Those theses are considered as incompatible because colours are presented as qualities, while science is only about quantities. After a chapter about the history of the problem, showing how we can understand the modern controversy on secondary qualities thanks to the revelation thesis, I show how to understand revelation, distinguishing it from phenomenology, and claim that a correct theory of colour must support revelation. After that, I argue that colours are transitory events, not standing properties: light produce colours, which are effects of the interaction of light with matter or, for primary light sources, events happening in them. This thesis gives a partial answer to some arguments against objectivism, notably variability arguments. Above all, this new categorization of colour reconciles the qualitative chromatic descriptions of colours with their quantitative physical descriptions, thus allowing reconciliation between the manifest and the scientific images of the world
Boschi, Jean-Charles. „Au-delà du physicalisme : le ressenti de conscience“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhysicalism scientifically explains the problem of consciousness and can be defined as the residual problem of all attempts of reduction. So, can physicalism always be considered as the supreme metaphysical stance and the unavoidable methodology of all theory of consciousness ? The supporters of a radical materialistic methodology deny the ireductible character of the perception of consciousness. So, they rule out any mental causality and any dualist vision of consciousness through the elimination of the perception of consciousness as a conscious experience and they argue that any physical effect is only terminated by the physical aspect.However, ruling out the ideal reality from the subjective perception seems only to result in the failure of physicalim in its radical materialistic vision, because the structural and perceptual of the phenomenal characters of an organism only cannot explicitly deal with the subjective character of a conscious experience.The non reductionist philosophers and the dualists assume the concept exceeding of physicalism through a modern neo-dualism. The basic issue of our dissertation is to know why the perception of consciousness exists and not only why it exists. The reasons of the perception of consciousness carries us, through the part played in the emergence of consciousness by the physico-psychic explanatory gap, to what is called "the hard problem of consciousness".So, in our dissertation, we shall try to rebut the conclusions of eliminativist physicalism and assume the emergence of the dualism of properties and a modern neo-dualism through the two key questions
Mkandla, Justice. „Teachers' perceptions and enactment of inquiry- based teaching to stimulate learner interest in science“. Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis qualitative, single high school case-study conveniently sampled eight natural sciences teachers and, after conducting lesson observations and document analysis, interviewed all participants to obtain their perceptions about the effectiveness of inquirybased teaching in motivating learners to specialise in sciences. The major finding was that most participants were sceptical about inquiry-based teaching. Participants from a behaviourist epistemology did not believe that learner motivation resulted from inquirybased teaching while those from an eclectic epistemology preferred a complementary use of both approaches. The few participants oriented towards inquiry acknowledged the link between learner motivation and inquiry-based teaching but faced the challenge of limited time to prepare all the apparatus and procedures required for inquiry-based teaching. This researcher recommends employing laboratory assistants to assist teachers with setting up apparatus for inquiry-based lessons, trimming some content to reduce overload in the Annual Teaching Plans (ATP), and in-service training on inquirybased teaching to develop learner interest in sciences.
Hierdie kwalitatiewe gevallestudie het agt natuurwetenskap onderwysers betrek en na leswaarnemings en dokumentanalise, is onderhoude met die deelnemers gevoer om hul sienings te bekom oor die bydrae van die ondersoek-gebaseerde konstruktivistiese benadering as ’n strategie om leerders te motiveer om in wetenskap-verwante vakke te spesialiseer. Die belangrikste bevindings was dat die deelnemers logiese positivistiese en eklektiese benaderings verkies; dat hulle skepties is oor ondersoek-gebaseerde onderrig en dat hulle nie leerder motivering aan onderwysbenaderings koppel nie. Daar was egter enkele deelnemers wat wel ondersoekend onderrig het en wat leerder belangstelling in wetenskap aan ondersoek-gebaseerde onderrig gekoppel het. Op grond van die data wat verkry is, beveel hierdie navorser aan dat laboratoriumassistente aangestel moet word om onderwysers by te staan met die opstel van apparaat vir ondersoek-gebaseerde lesse; dat spesifieke modelle van ondersoek in die “CAPS”- dokument ingesluit word; dat inhoud afgeskaal moet word om oorlading in die jaarlikse onderrigplanne (ATP) te verminder, en dat voor- en indiensopleiding aan onderwysers oor ondersoek-gebaseerde onderrig verskaf word as ‘n manier om die belangstelling van die leerders in die wetenskappe te prikkel.
Lesisifundo socwaningo esenziwe esikoleni esisodwa samabanga aphakeme lwakhetha othisha beSayensi Yemvelo (NS) abayisishiyagalombili ukuze kwazakale ukuthi bayibona kanjani indlela yokufundisa iSayensi ngophenyo (inquiry-based teaching) ehlose ukukhuphula intshisekelo yabafundi kwiSayensi. Ngemuva kokubona othisha beSayensi befundisa, lomcwaningi wahlaziya incwadi eziphathelene nokufundiswa kohlelo lwe CAPS, waphinde wenza izingxoxo nabothisha. Okumqoka okutholakale kuloluphenyo kube ukuthi iningi lababambe iqhaza, abakhuthalela ukufundisa ngendlela egxile kuthisha (logical positivism) bangabaza ukuthi abafundi bafunde bephenya njalo abakubonanga ukuxhumana kwenzindlela zokufundisa nokunyuka kwentshiseko yabafundi ezifundweni ze Sayensi. Ababambiqhaza abahlanganisa indlela yokufundisa egxile kuthisha ne ndlela yokufundisa ngophenyo (eclectic) bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yokufundisa egxile kuthisa nendlela yokuthi abafundi bafunde bephenya, kuyomela zisetshenziswe zombili. Kwatholakala ingcosana yabothisha eyenelisa ukufundisa isayensi ngendlela yophenyo eyayisezingeni eliphansi njalo yaqinisekisa ukuthi bukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kwendlela zokufundisa nokunyusa intshiseko yabafundi kwi Sayensi. Ngokolwazi olutholakele, lolucwaningo luncome ukusebenzisa abasizi basemagunjini okusebenzela ososayensi ukusiza ukuhlela amalungiselelo okwenza uphenyo lwezifundo, nokuhlinzekwa kwezindlela eziqondile zokuphenya izincwadi zikaCAPS, kanye nokunciphisa okunye okuqukethwe, kwehliswe umthwalo kuhlelo lokufundisa lonyaka (i-ATP), ukuqeqeshwa kothisha kwi ndlela yokufundisa iSayensi ngokuphenya ukuze kuthuthukiswe intshiseko yabafundi.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)