Dissertationen zum Thema „Localisation de la température maximale“
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Vernières-Hassimi, Lamiae. „Estimation et localisation stationnaire et instationnaire de la température maximale pour la sécurité d’un réacteur chimique exothermique tubulaire“. Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is a contribution to the development of safety in the tubular chemical reactor. The objective of this work is to determine the maximum temperature and its localization in stationary regime, then in transient regime in tubular reactor where flows an exothermic chemical reaction. Initially, this study is based on the influence of the various parameters such as the flows of the reactional fluid and the cooling fluid, the concentrations of the reactants and the inlet temperatures of the two fluids. These parameters strongly influence the maximum temperature value of the reactional fluid and shift its axial position. Then, a method was developed based on the dynamic state estimation by a Luenberger-like observer in the chemical reactor. The gain of correction of this estimator is a function of the position in the chemical reactor. Parametric study resulted in reducing the matrix of the gain to two elements. Moreover, the profite of the gain corresponds to the combined profile of the temperature of the reactional medium standardized in stationary regime. This method allowed the estimate of the maximum temperature and its localization in the chemical reactor
Alcantara, Manzueta Santiago Elias. „Etude de la sécurité thermique d'un réacteur chimique : approche par contrôle de la température“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR45.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, my contribution focuses on the development of a methodology for intelligent control of the maximum temperature in a tubular reactor. These expressions are derived from an analytical model previously published by (Vernières-Hassimi et al., 2016) and have been adapted and simplified for their application in this context. The first analytical expression developed concerns the calculation of the position of the maximum reaction temperature, a fundamental parameter for safety in tubular reactors. This expression allows for the analysis of the behaviour of the hot spot inside the reactor and how its position varies according to changes in input parameters, which facilitates a more appropriate selection of operational configurations. Furthermore, this expression integrates with the formula previously developed by (Vernières-Hassimi et al., 2016). The second expression results from a resolution of the original equation, through which the reactor's cooling temperature is calculated. This expression is particularly useful for determining the cooling temperature in response to variations in operational conditions, thus providing an effective tool for the thermal management of the system
Sirat, Jacques-Ariel. „Etude expérimentale de la localisation faible dans GaAs : dimensionnalité, régime haute température, et effet de champ électrique“. Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVervisch-Picois, Alexandre. „Etude de systèmes de positionnement en intérieur utilisant des mesures de phase du code ou de phase de la porteuse de signaux de navigation par satellites“. Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHilli, Naima. „Rôle de la localisation (inter ou intragranulaire) des impuretés sur le frittage de l'alumine alpha couplée ou non avec un gradient de température“. Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the beginning of the 1960’s Years, with the works of Coble, the sintering of alumina was and continues to be the subject of very many research tasks with a special attention on the role of the doping agents on the mechanisms of densification and the microstructural evolution of this model and industrial ceramic material. Their respective effectiveness does not appear in the same stages of densification; it is thus possible to think that their actions could be complementary in the case of a codoping. The objective of the present work is the study of the influence of the presence of impurities in the alumina powders on the densification and the microstructure of the sintered pieces. To be done, three types of impurities were studied: doping agents, codoping agents and residual impurities coming from the elaboration process of the powder or during the processing (crushing). It was shown that the codoping leads to a rate of densification always weaker compared to the monodoped alumina powders. By using the model of “Master Sintering Curve (MSC)”, it was shown that the way of diffusion chosen during the intermediate stage evolves according to the type of doping or codoping agent present in the initial powder. It was also shown that the presence of inter and/or intragranular impurities in alumina is harmful to the densification during a sintering under a heat gradient. Moreover, the combination of a heat gradient and the inter and intragranular impurities lead to a faceting of the grains which will decrease consequently the potentiality of the sintering of the system and will allow obtaining porous materials with fine grains
Laurent, Valentin. „Localisation de la déformation au sein de zones de cisaillement haute-pression basse-température et enregistrement isotopique ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR“. Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExhumation mechanisms of high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic rocks in subduction zones are complex and actively discussed. The study of fossilized subduction zones allows a better comprehension of these mechanisms, showing that exhumation of HP-LT rocks is mainly accommodated along crustal-scale ductile shear zones. This study aims at constraining the geometry, the kinematic and the timing of the tectonometamorphic history of the HP-LT Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) cropping out in Greece. A main objective is to constrain the timing of strain localization at different scales during exhumation to better understand the mechanical behaviour of subduction zones. Three principal methods of investigation have been used, including i) a structural fieldwork that allows to characterize the geometry, the kinematic and the distribution of deformations, highlighting progressive strain localization during exhumation toward the base of the CBU and along shear zones, ii) a metamorphic petrology study aiming at determining the P-T evolution of the CBU, and iii) ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR dating used to constrain the timing of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the CBU and the timing of strain localization within kilometre- to millimetre-scale shear zones showing different degrees of retrogression. We observe an obvious correlation between the intensity of finite deformation, the degree of retrogression and youngest mica ages. A major result of this thesis work is that the preservation of eclogite and blueschist-facies rocks does not necessarily imply fast exhumation rates. Our results instead suggest that the exhumation history of the CBU is relatively long, spanning over ca. 30 Ma. Consequently, it appears that the exhumation rate is not the main parameter controlling the degree of retrogression of HP-LT metamorphic rocks in the CBU compared to progressive strain localization during exhumation along a cold retrograde P-T evolution within the subduction channel
Dubouchet, Thomas. „Spectroscopie locale à basse température dans des systèmes supraconducteurs désordonnés“. Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a study combining tunneling spectroscopy, point-contact Andreev spectroscopy and electronic transport on disordered superconducting indium oxide samples. Transport measurements reveal a diverging resistivity from room temperature shortcut by superconductivity at low temperature. This behavior shows that our samples are in the vicinity of the metal-insulator Anderson transition. Tunneling spectroscopy highlights a rather unusual superconducting state with a pseudogap regime above the critical temperature. It evolves at low temperature into an inhomogeneous system composed of both superconducting Cooper pairs and Cooper pairs without phase coherence, localized by the disorder. Comparison between different samples shows that incoherent Cooper pairs proliferate with increasing level of disorder, what indicates that superconductor-insulator transition in indium oxide is governed by the progressive localization of Cooper pairs. Besides, using our STM, we have continuously analyzed the local conductance between tunneling regime and contact regime. Andreev spectroscopy thus reveals a new energy scale related to the superconducting phase coherence and independent from spatial fluctuations of the density of states measured in tunneling regime. This shows that disorder induces a dichotomy between the pairing energy characterizing the binding of electrons into pairs and the coherence energy specific to macroscopic superconductivity
Dubouchet, Thomas. „Spectroscopie locale à basse température dans des systèmes supraconducteurs désordonnés“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576226.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTonus, Florent. „Étude de la chimie redox d'oxydes Ruddlesden-Popper n=1 par diffraction de neutrons in situ à haute température sous flux de H₂ et O₂“. Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is concerned with the synthesis and crystal chemistry of new Ruddlesden-Popper n=1, oxides which are of interest because of their potential as electrode materials in SOFC batteries. The sol-gel synthesis of two new families having the compositions has been undertaken, along with their characterisation by thermogravimetric analysis, magnetometry, and X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction. A novel reaction cell for in situ neutron thermodiffraction studies of a redox behaviour under different gas flows has been designed. The evolution of the structure, particularly the disorder of the oxygen atoms, has been followed in situ and in real time under the working conditions of a SOFC anode under hydrogen by neutron thermodiffraction (instrument D20, ILL / Grenoble) as a function of the value of δ. Sequential Rietveld refinements showed a deintercalation of oxygen from the equatorial site controlled by the reduction of the cation M. These materials are promising at the technological level given their excellent chemical and structural stability under operating conditions, which is likely attributable to the presence of Cr³⁺ ions. This in situ monitoring was also applied to the similar compositions synthezised at the University of Birmingham, U. K. Data anlysis by a combination of Rietveld refinements and maximum entropy clarified the details of the average nuclear density of the oxygens for certain values of δ and T, and suggested possible anisotropic diffusion pathways of the oxide ions in these compositions
Khatami, Mohamed. „Conductivité électrique à basse température de systèmes granulaires SnₓO y, Pt-Al₂O₃ et Au-Al₂O₃ : localisation et transition métal-isolant“. Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE4029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRibay, Guillemette. „Localisation de source en milieu réverbérant par Retournement Temporel“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122345.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConcernant cette première application, une focalisation spatiale des signaux est observée tant numériquement qu'expérimentalement. Il est montré à la fois théoriquement et expérimentalement que le contraste ne dépend que du nombre d'éléments du Miroir à Retournement Temporel. Enfin, la robustesse de la focalisation lorsque la réciprocité du milieu est brisée entre les deux étapes du RT est étudiée.
D'autre part, afin de localiser des impacts à la surface de plaques réverbérantes, une technique reposant sur la comparaison des signatures acoustiques par corrélation est développée. L'analogie avec le RT, ainsi qu'une étude de la nature des ondes excitées par un impact à la surface de plaques, permettent de comprendre les capacités de cette techniques en terme de résolution et contraste. L'interaction de l'onde majoritaire (onde de Lamb A0) avec les bords de la plaque est également étudiée. En outre, un code de simulation numérique de la propagation de ce mode par différences finies dans l'approximation faible produit fréquence par épaisseur est développé. Enfin, l'influence des variations de température sur la technique de localisation par corrélation est étudiée numériquement, théoriquement et expérimentalement, dans plusieurs matériaux. Un changement de température entraîne une simple dilatation des réponses impulsionnelles, et est aisément compensé.
Mousseigne, Michel. „Application du sondage thermoacoustique submicronique à la cartographie 3D des défauts et des charges électriques“. Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVervisch-Picois, Alexandre. „Etude de systèmes de positionnement en intérieur utilisant des mesures de phase du code ou de phase de la porteuse de signaux de navigation par satellites“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELE0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis proposes the study of systems of local constellations for positioning indoors.In this context, it appears that indirect paths disturb the measurement of time delay between the transmitter antenna and receiver antenna. The Near-Far problem between signals, a CDMA interference phenomenon, is exacerbated because of the short distances and variations in received power. The thesis provides answers to these two issues.For indirect multipath we propose to use carrier phase measurements. It must then solve the problem of ambiguity on these measurements. A method without carrying out a differential technique is proposed: a tracking loop insensitive to indirect routes: the SMICL. For the Near-Far problem, we have developed three approaches. One approach uses sequences of maximum length and significantly reduces its influence. A second method, called the Double Transmission Technique (DTT), can completely remove the interference for a pair of transmitters when their respective Doppler are equal. We have studied the case where different Doppler and developed an improved version of the DTT, the DTT extended to the carrier, which eliminates the influence of the Doppler. We also showed that this may also be applied to a fixed transmitter in the presence of a constellation of satellites. A third method, called DTT maximum, again uses a maximum length sequence to extend the method to the case DTT in the presence of several transmitters
Broux, Thibault. „Caractérisations structurales in situ avancées d'oxydes dérivées de la pérovskite pour des applications électrochimiques à haute température“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S125/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is focused on oxides related to perovskite such as K2NiF4 structure-type, double perovskite and brownmillerite with mixed conduction properties. This ability to conduct both oxygen ions and electrons is relevant for electrochemical devices operating at high temperature, particularly as an electrode for solid oxide fuel cell. Specifically, this thesis deals with the synthesis and advanced crystal structure characterization of the reactivity of these materials mainly through large scale facilities by means of neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and X-ray synchrotron. Preliminary work in these studies involves inorganic synthesis by solid-state or by sol-gel route, thermogravimetric analysis and the iodometric titration. Original reactivity cells have been developed at the ISCR to study redox behavior under different gas flow and as a function of temperature for both neutron diffraction and X-ray synchrotron experiment. In situ study by NPD of La2-xSrxMnO4 ± δ compounds where x = 2.0 and x = 0.8 which derived from the compound cathode reference La1-xSrxMnO3 allowed to follow the structural evolution as a function of δ in reducing conditions for x = 2.0 and oxidizing conditions for x = 0.8. The synchrotron study of Pr2NiO4.22 helped to highlight the monoclinic symmetry at room temperature while previous studies announced an orthorhombic symmetry. Besides, structural changes including the transition to the HTT phase are accompanied by an incommensurable modulation that persists at least up to 900 °C. The study of double perovskites NdBaCo2-xMnxO5+δ where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 showed that these materials exhibit a promising electrical conductivities for SOFC applications as cathode. In addition, the comparison of the molecular dynamics and NDP combined with MEM for x = 0 compound has elucidated the oxygen diffusion mechanism in these compounds. The study by NPD in reducing condition of LaSrFeCoO6 to the brownmillerite LaSrFeCoO5 has showed that the reduced structure persists at high temperatures and allowed to follow the evolution in the ordering of the magnetic moments while cooling LaSrFeCoO5
Guionneau, Philippe. „Propriétés structurales et électroniques de sels de BEDT-TTF : influence de la température et de la pression“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00152822.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJousset, Hélène. „Viscoplasticité et microstructures d'un alliage de titane : effets de la température et de la vitesse de sollicitation“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00428968.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClement, Pierre. „Solutions aux limites des interrogateurs B-OTDR pour la surveillance d'infrastructures : augmentation de la portée de mesure et décorrélation des paramètres de température et de déformation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with distributed optical fiber sensors, especially Brillouin sensors called B-OTDR that are sensitive both to temperature and strain. Some actual limitations due to the scattering phenomenon avoid deployment of this technology for some specific applications. These limitations are about the maximum length measured by the sensor but also the double sensitivity to strain and temperature. From our current B-OTDR sensor, we propose solutions to address these issues.A new re-amplification module using EDFA has been developed and characterized associated to a B-OTDR system. A 150 km distributed temperature measurement with 1,5 °C repeatability has been reached. This record performance let us consider a deployment for very long infrastructure monitoring for the energy transport. In another hand, we developed a new sensing device using Brillouin scattering and able to separate temperature and strain. This patented device has been characterized and used on a specific cable inserted in a well drilling. Results have shown a combination of strain and temperature variations on the cable that give very useful information to the well operator. We have reached a temperature repeatability of 1 °C and a strain repeatability of 20 μm/m for 1 km fiber. At 10 km, temperature repeatability has been evaluated to be 3 °C and strain to 75 μm/m. These results are to the state of art for temperature/strain separation using B-OTDR.These works have led to a new distributed measurement prototype that could address simultaneously temperature, strain, acoustic vibrations, and pressure sensing. Some interesting perspectives could result from these works to address a complete infrastructure monitoring using fiber optic sensing
Boudier, Dimitri. „Etude des phénomènes de transport de porteurs et du bruit basse fréquence en fonction de la température dans les transistors FinFET et GAA NWFET sub-10 nm“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC220/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work led within this thesis focuses on the study of advanced MOSFET technologies, more precisely of triple-gate FinFETs and Gate-All-Around nanowire FETs. They were fabricated for the 10-nm technological node, following the same recipe except for the build of a fourth gate in nanowire devices.The devices have been studied in static regime in order to determine the main parameters of their electrical model. Low temperature (<10 K) and low drain voltage (1mV) studies highlighted the existence of quantum transport that is due to discrete energy levels within the conduction and valence bands. The study of the 1/f noise testifies the good control of the gate oxidation process and evidences a change in the noise mecanism under quantum transport.Numerous low frequency noise spectroscopies (i.e. study of the generation-recombination noise as a function of the temperature) let us identify silicon film traps, thus giving indication of the critical process steps that are responsible for the generation-recombination noise
Rodríguez-Arias, Inés. „Collective behaviours in interacting spin systems“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS332/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of the most promising techniques towards a new generation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The idea is to use the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in other nuclei rather than the traditional hydrogen, such as carbon. For the carbon signal to be detected, one needs to enhance its spin polarization. In thermal equilibrium — at low temperature and high magnetic field — electron spins are far more polarized than any system of nuclear spins, which is due to their smaller mass. With the DNP technique we bring the system out-of-equilibrium irradiating it with microwaves. This triggers polarization transfer from the electron spins to the nuclear ones. During my Ph.D, I have studied both analytically and numerically the competition between the dipolar interactions among electron spins (which can be tuned experimentally) and the disorder naturally present in the sample. I proposed two models to study DNP: a Heisenberg spin-chain and a system free-fermions in the Anderson model. Two different regimes were found : For strongly interacting electron spins, the out-of-equilibrium steady state displays an effective thermodynamic behavior characterised by a very low spin temperature. In the weakly interacting regime, it is not possible to define a spin temperature, and it is associated to a many-body localized phase (or an Anderson-localized phase). My research was focused on the properties of the two phases with respect to the performance of DNP, and I found it to be optimal at the transition between the two. This is a very important result that has been verified by recent experiments carried in École Normale Supérieure de Paris
Khatib, Rami. „Bétons autoplaçants à haute résistance, mûris à la vapeur, utilisés pour les éléments préfabriqués et précontraints“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1517.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJullien, Malo. „Étude de la localisation de la déformation à 650°C et de son impact sur la rupture intergranulaire assistée par oxydation : cas de l'Alliage 718“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlloy 718 is a benchmark nickel-base superalloy, widely used in the manufacture of sometimes critical structural components, such as turbine disks in jet engines. This alloy is known to strongly localize deformation. This localization can be responsible for early damage in service. In the aeronautics sector, environmental constraints mean that service temperatures have to be increased. It is therefore essential to identify the role played by the microstructure-scale deformation landscape on oxidation-assisted or non-assisted damage at these temperatures. The primary objective of this thesis is to understand how microstructure and mechanical loading rates affect the deformation landscape at high temperatures. The second is to link this deformation landscape to the mechanical behavior and fracture characteristics observed in tensile tests at 650°C. The experimental work presented in this manuscript is based mainly on the high-resolution digital image correlation technique, which captures the local mechanical response of the microstructure over statistically representative regions of the microstructure; as opposed to more local micromechanical techniques. This work has shown that at 650°C in Alloy 718, deformation is distributed between grain boundaries and slip bands within the grains. This distribution depends on both mechanical stress and microstructure. A coarse grain size favors intragranular slip, while a finer microstructure favors localization of deformation at grain boundaries. Similarly, at low strain rates, localization at grain boundaries is favored, whereas at higher strain rates and when the Portevin-Le-Chatelier phenomenon occurs, intragranular slip is predominant. In tensile tests in air at 650°C, only localization at grain boundaries results in a significant reduction in ductility. However, more than the plastic activity of grain boundaries, it has been shown that it is the distribution of events and their interactions that are responsible for oxidation-assisted intergranular fracture and the associated loss of ductility. This micromechanical approach, combined with local material damage, provides an interesting new insight into the oxidation-mechanical coupling operating at the microstructural scale in this alloy
Raynaud, Christophe. „Spectroscopie d'absorption et d'émission des excitons dans les nanotubes de carbone“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC199/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe optical properties of carbon nanotubes are ideally described by the physicsof a one-dimensional object, giving rise in particular to the emergence of excitons todescribe the optical transitions of these objects. The optical experiments (emission,absorption) carried out on these objects at ambient temperature and on ensemblesconfirm the theoretical predictions based on the physics of 1D objects. But atcryogenic temperature and at the single emitter scale, the optical properties observedexperimentally are systematically different from those of a 1D object. One can citethe emergence of properties such as photon antibunching, which largely contributed tothe intensification of research on these objects for applications in quantum photonics.These properties are attributed to the localization of excitons along the nanotube axisin local potential wells (traps) created randomly by the interaction of nanotubes withtheir environment. The optical properties are then close to those of 0D objects, andare strongly modulated by the environment. The mechanisms and the origin of thelocalization and the physical knowledge of these traps are still very limited. This workshows on the one hand the development of an absorption setup on individual objectand the characterization of its sensitivity, and on the other hand the statistical studyof the emission of nanotubes at cryogenic temperature in a micro-photoluminescencesetup. The results obtained in the later setup by a super-resolution technique coupledwith hyper-spectral imaging show the characteristic quantities of potential wellswithin individual nanotubes. An experimental excitation-resolved photoluminescencesetup implemented during this work also showed a modification of the fundamentalexcitonic state by the environment, with the emergence of a spatial and spectraldiscretization of the delocalized ground state in a multitude of localized states
Bouzerar, Richard. „Théorie pour les systèmes désordonnés de spins localisés en interaction avec des porteurs itinérants : les semiconducteurs magnétiques dilués“. Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367282.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelmi, Ikhlas. „Optimisation de l'infrastructure d'un système de positionnement indoor à base de transmetteurs GNSS“. Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919772.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelmi, Ikhlas. „Optimisation de l'infrastructure d'un système de positionnement indoor à base de transmetteurs GNSS“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TELE0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to make the GNSS positioning service continuous and available when going from an outdoor to an indoor environment, pseudolite and repeater based systems have been developed. A new system called repealite is a combination of both pseudolites and repeaters. It is based on transmitting a single signal through a set of transmitters (thus creating the local constellation). In order to avoid interference between the repealite signals and to distinguish between them at the receiver’s end, each signal is shifted with a specific delay. The research carried out in this PhD aims at optimizing two aspects of the repealite based system. Firstly, we need to mitigate the effect of the interference caused on the satellite signals received outdoors. So we decided to design new codes characterized by low interference levels with outdoor signals. Secondly, we worked on the infrastructure part in order to simplify it and to make it easier to install: this is mainly achieved through the use of optical fibers. In the first part, we study the codes and the modulation techniques currently used in the GNSS systems. Then, we propose a few codes having an interference level equivalent to that of the GPS (obtained when computing two GPS codes). These new codes are compatible with the GPS L1 or the Glonass G1 bands. In a second step, we focus on the modulation techniques and create the so-called IMBOC (Indoor Modified Binary Offset Carrier) that aims at minimizing the interference levels with outdoor signals. With this modulation, we propose new IMBOC codes capable of much lower interference levels than the GPS reference. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed codes, we carried out a theoretical study, simulations and experimental tests. The interference gain reached about 20 dB on the GPS band and 16 dB on the Glonass one. The proposed codes are divided into two categories: those reserved to the repealite system (using a single code) and families of codes suited to pseudolite–based systems. Finally, we generated the IMBOC signals modulated by the new codes and tested the real interference induced on an outdoor receiver tracking the satellite signals. In the second part, we use optical fibers in order to replace the coaxial cables used to transmit signals from the GNSS-like signal generator to the repealites. In addition, the initial delay needed for each repealite is added by propagating the signals through rolls of fibers. Indeed, optical fiber offers advantages such as lightness, flexibility and low power loss that make it suitable to simplify the infrastructure of the system. In order to evaluate the real delays of these various fibers, we develop an estimating method based on phase shift measurements (between two sinusoidal signals) and statistical analysis of the series of measurements. This method should have uncertainties lower than one centimeter in order to insure a sub-meter precision (in absolute positioning with the repealite positioning system). In order to validate this method, we compare it to a GNSS based calibration approach. Finally, we carry out a few positioning tests with the repealite positioning system deployed in a typical indoor environment. These tests deal with absolute and relative positioning and give an idea about the system’s performance