Dissertationen zum Thema „Local Australian history“
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1
Bellamy, Robyn Lyle, und robyn bellamy@flinders edu au. „LIFE HISTORY AND CHEMOSENSORY COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL AUSTRALIAN LIZARD, EGERNIA WHITII“. Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902.
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ABSTRACT
Social relationships, habitat utilisation and life history characteristics provide a framework which enables the survival of populations in fluctuating ecological conditions. An understanding of behavioural ecology is critical to the implementation of Natural Resource Management strategies if they are to succeed in their conservation efforts during the emergence of climate change. Egernia whitii from Wedge Island in the Spencer Gulf of South Australia were used as a model system to investigate the interaction of life history traits, scat piling behaviour and chemosensory communication in social lizards.
Juveniles typically took ¡Ý 3 years to reach sexual maturity and the results of skeletochronological studies suggested longevity of ¡Ý 13 years. Combined with a mean litter size of 2.2, a pregnancy rate estimated at 75% of eligible females during short-term studies, and highly stable groups, this information suggests several life history features.
Prolonged juvenile development and adult longevity may be prerequisite to the development of parental care. Parental care may, in turn, be the determining factor that facilitates the formation of small family groups. In E. whitii parental care takes the form of foetal and neonatal provisioning and tolerance of juveniles by small family or social groups within established resource areas. Presumably, resident juveniles also benefit from adult territorialism. Research on birds suggests that low adult mortality predisposes cooperative breeding or social grouping in birds, and life history traits and ecological factors appear to act together to facilitate cooperative systems.
E. whitii practice scat piling both individually and in small groups. Social benefits arising from signalling could confer both cooperative and competitive benefits. Permanent territorial markers have the potential to benefit conspecifics, congenerics and other species. The high incidence of a skink species (E. whitii) refuging with a gecko species (N. milii) on Wedge Island provides an example of interspecific cooperation. The diurnal refuge of the nocturnal gecko is a useful transient shelter for the diurnal skink. Scat piling may release a species ¡®signature¡¯ for each group that allows mutual recognition.
Scat piling also facilitates intraspecific scent marking by individual members, which has the potential to indicate relatedness, or social or sexual status within the group. The discovery of cloacal scent marking activity is new to the Egernia genus. E. Whitii differentiate between
their own scats, and conspecific and congeneric scats. They scent mark at the site of conspecific scats, and males and females differ in their response to scent cues over time. Scat piling has the potential to make information concerning the social environment available to dispersing transient and potential immigrant conspecifics, enabling settlement choices to be made.
This thesis explores some of the behavioural strategies employed by E. whitii to reduce risks to individuals within groups and between groups. Scents eliciting a range of behavioural responses relevant to the formation of adaptive social groupings, reproductive activity, and juvenile protection until maturity and dispersal are likely to be present in this species. Tests confirming chemosensory cues that differentiate sex, kin and age would be an interesting addition to current knowledge. The interaction of delayed maturity, parental care, sociality, chemosensory communication and scat piling highlights the sophistication of this species¡¯ behaviour.
An alternative method for permanently marking lizards was developed. Persistence, reliability and individual discrimination were demonstrated using photographic identification and the method was shown to be reliable for broad-scale application by researchers. Naturally occurring toe loss in the field provided a context against which to examine this alternative identification method and revealed the need to further investigate the consequences of routine toe clipping, as this practice appears to diminish survivorship.
2
Easton, Lyndlee Carol, und lyndlee easton@flinders edu au. „LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF THE HALOPHYTE AND ARID ZONE GENUS FRANKENIA L. (FRANKENIACEAE)“. Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081124.105244.
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This thesis is a comparative study of the life history strategies, and in particular seed germination requirements, in Australian species of the halophyte plant genus Frankenia L. (Frankeniaceae). Frankenia is a cosmopolitan genus that occurs in Mediterranean, semi-arid, and arid regions on distinctive soil types commonly on saline, sodic or gypseous soils in habitats such as coastal cliffs, and on the margins of salt lakes, salt-pans and saltmarshes (Summerhayes 1930; Barnsley 1982). The plants are small shrubs or cushion-bushes with pink, white or pale purple flowers, and salt-encrusted recurved leaves.
This project investigates germination requirements for Frankenia in relation to seed age, light requirements, temperature preferences, salinity tolerance, and soil characteristics. It also explores two divergent reproductive strategies notably seed packaging strategies in relation to environmental variables. Within the 46 currently recognized endemic Australia species, some species have a few ovules per flower and produce only a few larger seeds per fruit, while other species have many ovules per flower and produce many small seeds per fruit. Large-seededness is thought to increase the probability of successful seedling establishment in drought and salt-stressed environments. As both larger- and smaller-seeded species of Frankenia co-occur in close geographical proximity, hypotheses regarding the advantages of large-seededness in stress environments can be tested. By restricting the analysis of seed mass variation to similar habitats and within a single plant genus, it is possible to test ecological correlates that would otherwise be masked by the strong effects of habitat differences and phylogenetic constraints.
Overall, larger-seeded Frankenia species were demonstrated to be advantageous for rapid germination after transitory water availability, and for providing resources to seedlings if resources became limiting before their successful establishment. Smaller-seeded species delayed germination until both soil-water availability and cooler temperatures persisted over a longer time period, improving chances of successful establishment for the more slowly growing seedlings that are more reliant on their surroundings for resources.
This study produces information on the seed and seedling biology of many Australian species of Frankenia including several that are of conservation significance, e.g. F. crispa with its isolated populations, and the rare and endangered F. plicata. This information is important for the development of conservation management plans for these and other arid zone, halophyte species. In addition, the results of this study are of practical significance in determining the suitability of Frankenia for inclusion in salinity remediation and mine-site rehabilitation projects, and for promoting Frankenia as a drought and salt tolerant garden plant.
3
Habel, Chad Sean, und chad habel@gmail com. „Ancestral Narratives in History and Fiction: Transforming Identities“. Flinders University. Humanities, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20071108.133216.
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This thesis is an exploration of ancestral narratives in the fiction of Thomas Keneally and Christopher Koch. Initially, ancestry in literature creates an historical relationship which articulates the link between the past and the present. In this sense ancestry functions as a type of cultural memory where various issues of inheritance can be negotiated. However, the real value of ancestral narratives lies in their power to aid in the construction of both personal and communal identities. They have the potential to transform these identities, to transgress natural boundaries and to reshape conventional identities in the light of historical experience.
For Keneally, ancestral narratives depict national forbears who narrate the nation into being. His earlier fictions present ancestors of the nation within a mythic and symbolic framework to outline Australian national identity. This identity is static, oppositional, and characterized by the delineation of boundaries which set nations apart from one another. However, Keneallys more recent work transforms this conventional construction of national identity. It depicts an Irish-Australian diasporic identity which is hyphenated and transgressive: it transcends the conventional notion of nations as separate entities pitted against one another. In this way Keneallys ancestral narratives enact the potential for transforming identity through ancestral narrative.
On the other hand, Kochs work is primarily concerned with the intergenerational trauma causes by losing or forgetting ones ancestral narrative. His novels are concerned with male gender identity and the fragmentation which characterizes a self-destructive idea of maleness. While Keneallys characters recover their lost ancestries in an effort to reshape their idea of what it is to be Australian, Kochs main protagonist lives in ignorance of his ancestors life. He is thus unable to take the opportunity to transform his masculinity due to the pervasive cultural amnesia surrounding his family history and its role in Tasmanias past.
While Keneally and Koch depict different outcomes in their fictional ancestral narratives they are both deeply concerned with the potential to transform national and gender identities through ancestry.
4
Prowse, Louise Caroline. „A popular past? Historical identity and the rural ideal in the Australian country town 1945-2000“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14179.
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This thesis is a study of identity-making in country towns. It traces the ways in which communities, and specifically those involved in local history, heritage and tourism promotion, have recast the image of the country town as historic in post-war Australia. It considers the authority of those who are image-makers, and those who had the power to assert control over the representation and communication of the rural past. This thesis traces the construction and age of the historic identity of country towns – that is, the way in which, and period when, country towns came to be thought of as historical places. It considers how the image of the historic country town became central to notions of the rural ideal in the latter half of the twentieth century. In doing so, this thesis explores these shifts during the period 1945-2000, a context mired by the spectre of rural and country town decline in Australia. Five country towns in New South Wales, selected through cultural and demographic surveys, serve as case studies and have formed the body of evidence for this thesis. I explore local historical movements, local history museums, local Aboriginal history, the impact of heritage legislation and restoration programmes, and the growth of the tourism industry. I also consider the role that the construction of historical knowledge and the power of authority over the past has played in local communities at a time where country towns were being refashioned as historical playgrounds for the national imagination. This thesis makes three core arguments. Firstly, it suggests that the notion that country towns are historical places is a post-war construction of local identity. Secondly, this thesis contends that this construction – the historical identity of country towns - enabled the country town to emerge as the central image of the rural ideal in the latter half of the twentieth century. And lastly, I argue that by the end of the twentieth century, the age of historical identity had passed. Instead country towns have emerged as sites where the new aspirational rural ideal of an organic, simpler life can be performed.
5
Brock, Stephen James Thomas, und brock stephen@saugov sa gov au. „A Travelling Colonial Architecture: Home and Nation in Selected Works by Patrick White, Peter Carey, Xavier Herbert and James Bardon“. Flinders University. Australian Studies, 2003. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070424.101150.
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This thesis is a study of constructions of home and nation in selected works by Patrick White, Peter Carey, Xavier Herbert and James Bardon. Drawing on the work of postcolonial theorists, it examines ways in which the selected texts engage with national mythologies in the imagining of the Australian nation. It notes the deployment of racial discourses informing constructions of national identity that work to marginalise Indigenous Australians and other cultural minority groups.
The texts are arranged in thematic rather than chronological order. Whites treatment of the overland journey, and his representations of Aboriginality, discussed in Chapter One, are contrasted with Careys revisiting of the overland journey motif in Oscar and Lucinda in Chapter Two. Whereas Whites representations of Indigenous culture in Voss are static and essentialised, as is the case in Riders in the Chariot and A Fringe of Leaves, Careys representation of Australias contact history is characterised by a cultural hybridity. In Whites texts, Indigenous culture is depicted as an anachronism in the contemporary Australian nation, while in Careys, the words of the coloniser are appropriated and employed to subvert the ideological colonial paradigm.
Careys use of heteroglossia is examined further in the analysis of Illywhacker in Chapter Three. Whereas Carey treats Australian types ironically in Illywhackers pet emporium, the protagonist of Xavier Herberts Poor Fellow My Country, Jeremy Delacy, is depicted as an expert on Australian types. The intertextuality between Herberts novel and the work of social Darwinist anthropologists in the 1930s and 1940s is discussed in Chapter Four, providing a historical context to appreciate a shift from modernist to postmodernist narrative strategies in Careys fiction.
James Bardons fictional treatment of the Papunya Tula painting movement in Revolution by Night is seen to continue to frame Indigenous culture in a modernist grammar of representation through its portrayal of the work of Papunya Tula artists in the terms of the fourth dimension. Bardons novel is nevertheless a fascinating postcolonial engagement with Sturts architectural construction of landscape in his maps and journals, a discussion of which leads to Tony Birchs analysis of the politics of name reclamation in contemporary tourism discourses.
6
Kako, Mayumi, und mayumi kako@flinders edu au. „From uncertainty to certainty? A discourse analysis of nursing professionalisation in South Australia since the 1950s“. Flinders University. Nursing and Midiwifery, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080923.101618.
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This study was undertaken using Foucaults genealogical approach to explore an aspect in the governmentality of the nursing profession from the 1950s to the present. It uses developments in the education of nurses in South Australia as a case in point, but includes, at all stages, a concomitant analysis of global trends in the profession and education of nurses. Hence, data were collected from historical documents such as government reports, professional nursing journals, nursing text books and curriculum documents across the period for analysis, from South Australia and Flinders University as a particular case. I thought of these texts as data and examples of the production of discourses about nursing education and practice influenced by the Foucauldian method of process of The Archaeology of Knowledge (1972). These discourses produced in both social and professional spheres mirror the sociological knowledge development of the professionalisation agenda that has enveloped the process of professional legitimacy since the Second World War. The interactions are described intertextuality, with each chapter in this thesis presenting the interconnectedness of a variety of discourses. The Foucauldian perspective achieved the purpose of seeking how nursing was shaped by the society and influenced society to form what constituted a nursing professional, to the present time.
Uncertainty in the nursing profession was the key concept found in the investigation. Nursing attempted to reduce uncertainty by regulating nursing education, and by setting boundaries for the practice of professional nursing. This governmentality generation process reflects other forms of surveillance developed during the late 20th century, and was used to establish the subjectivity of nurses in terms of who has the right to define nursing and its knowledge systems. The role of the nurse and the requirements for a nurse were emphasised as personal characteristics rather than as professional behaviour when nurse training occurred solely in the hospitals. Who defined the role of nurse and who could be a nurse was decided by medical officers and administrators rather than nurses themselves. As the description of the role of the nurse was expanded to the social sphere, the debates about the appropriate place for nursing students training was influential in bringing about change. Establishing nursing education in the tertiary sector facilitated the professionalisation of nursing. I explored curriculum development as an example of the internal governmentality of nursing. The historical analysis of curriculum development processes at an Australian university and its antecedent organisations, showed how nursing educators think about nursing and the role of nurse and how they reflect these requirements in the teaching of nursing students. The way of thinking about nursing and the professional nurse role was also actively observed in the discourses arguing for the use of the thinking tools of nursing such as the nursing process, other problem-solving approaches and latterly for the use of clinical reasoning.
This study uncovered the process of handling uncertainty internal and external to nursing through processes of professional education. Uncertainty control was an essential in nursing education and thinking tools were key in the process for nursing educators to re-set the parameters of nursing. Professional education aims to develop both the individual nurse and the profession, as a whole, which may lead to conflicts of interest. Therefore, it is important for nurse educators to be aware of these potential conflicts of interests in their governmental strategies. It is also necessary to develop an interactive and corroborative curriculum that includes the many stakeholders interested in the development of the nursing profession.
7
Fletcher, Thomas A. „How local autonomy was lost a history of stevedoring at Fremantle, 1880 to 1950“. Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1420.
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This thesis examines how the stevedoring industry at Fremantle was absorbed into a national framework of port cargo-handling services during the first half of the twentieth century. The process of change compelled a local industry with its own peculiarities to conform to standards imposed by central authorities with priorities which were not necessarily in harmony with local practice or custom.In part this was the result of the inexorable forces released by Federation. After the creation of the Commonwealth, there was no isolation for anyone from the Commonwealth government's powers to legislate change if it was deemed to be in the national interest. Power, therefore, would flow towards central authorities: for the shipowners and their stevedores this meant to a central organisation, the Association of Employers of Waterside Labour (AEWL); for the labourers it meant, eventually, to the national executive of the Waterside Workers Federation (WWF).The Commonwealth government had the power and the will to intervene in stevedoring when the national interest dictated. The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Court started the process in 1914. The Commonwealth government in the War of 1914-18, in 1928, made further inroads into curtailing the levels of local autonomy. In the 1939-45 War the process was completed by the creation of government stevedoring industry commissions and boards. The final impact to local autonomy came in 1950 when the policies of a new conservative Commonwealth government forced the Fremantle Lumpers Union to seek the protection of a national union, the WWF.This thesis follows the path taken by the Fremantle stevedoring industry on its way to complete integration and absorption into the national port cargo-handling service. It examines the resistance to the changes brought about by centralisation and the part played in that struggle by both employers and employees at Fremantle to retain some control over their respective destinies.
8
Grguric, Nicolas Grguric, und eqeta@yahoo com au. „Fortified Homesteads: The Architecture of Fear in Frontier South Australia and the Northern Territory, ca 1847-1885“. Flinders University. Humanities, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080225.161715.
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This thesis is an investigation into the use of defensive architectural techniques by
civilian settlers in frontier South Australia and the Northern Territory between 1847 and
1885. By focussing specifically on the civilian use of defensive architecture, this study
opens a new approach to the archaeological investigation and interpretation of Australian
rural buildings, an approach that identifies defensive strategies as a feature of Australian
frontier architecture.
Four sites are analysed in this study area, three of which are located in South Australia
and one in the Northern Territory. When first built, the structures investigated were not
intended, or expected, to become what they did - their construction was simply the
physical expression of the fear felt by some of the colonial settlers of Australia. Over
time, however, the stories attached to these structures have come to play a significant part
in Australias frontier mythology.
These structures represent physical manifestations of settler fear and Aboriginal
resistance. Essentially fortified homesteads, they comprise a body of material evidence
previously overlooked and unacknowledged in Australian archaeology, yet they are
highly significant in terms of what they can tell us about frontier conflict, in relation to
the mindsets and experiences of the settlers who built them. This architecture also
constitutes material evidence of a vanguard of Australian colonisation (or invasion) being
carried out, not by the military or police, but by civilian settlers.
v
Apart from this, these structures play a part in the popular mythology of Australias
colonial past. All of these structures have a myth associated with them, describing them
as having been built for defence against Aboriginal attack. These myths are analysed in
terms of why they came into existence, why they have survived, and what role they play
in the construction of Australias national identity. Drawn from, and substantiated
through, the material evidence of the homesteads, these myths are one component of a
wider body of myths which serve the ideological needs of the settler society through
justifying its presence by portraying the settlers as victims of Aboriginal aggression.
9
Lester, Cathrynne Delohery. „The "Popular movement" towards Federation : case studies in local history on Federation in South Australia /“. Title page, contents, introductions and conclusions only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl6422.pdf.
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10
Fletcher, Thomas A. „How local autonomy was lost a history of stevedoring at Fremantle, 1880 to 1950“. Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Sciences and Asian Languages, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10615.
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This thesis examines how the stevedoring industry at Fremantle was absorbed into a national framework of port cargo-handling services during the first half of the twentieth century. The process of change compelled a local industry with its own peculiarities to conform to standards imposed by central authorities with priorities which were not necessarily in harmony with local practice or custom.In part this was the result of the inexorable forces released by Federation. After the creation of the Commonwealth, there was no isolation for anyone from the Commonwealth government's powers to legislate change if it was deemed to be in the national interest. Power, therefore, would flow towards central authorities: for the shipowners and their stevedores this meant to a central organisation, the Association of Employers of Waterside Labour (AEWL); for the labourers it meant, eventually, to the national executive of the Waterside Workers Federation (WWF).The Commonwealth government had the power and the will to intervene in stevedoring when the national interest dictated. The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Court started the process in 1914. The Commonwealth government in the War of 1914-18, in 1928, made further inroads into curtailing the levels of local autonomy. In the 1939-45 War the process was completed by the creation of government stevedoring industry commissions and boards. The final impact to local autonomy came in 1950 when the policies of a new conservative Commonwealth government forced the Fremantle Lumpers Union to seek the protection of a national union, the WWF.This thesis follows the path taken by the Fremantle stevedoring industry on its way to complete integration and absorption into the national port cargo-handling service. It examines the resistance to the changes brought about by centralisation and the part played in that struggle by both ++employers and employees at Fremantle to retain some control over their respective destinies.
11
David, Mirela Violeta. „Free Love, Marriage, and Eugenics| Global and Local Debates on Sex, Birth Control, Venereal Disease and Population in 1920s-1930s China“. Thesis, New York University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635118.
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This dissertation traces how eugenics came to underpin discourses pertaining to free love, sex and reproduction in 1920s-1930s China. It shows the eugenic and evolutionist limits to radical or liberal intellectuals' understanding of the role of the individual in the pursuit of sex, free love and birth control. The study examines the scientific view of modernity embodied in eugenics, as well as the challenges to this vision based on humanism and sex aestheticism. Bertrand Russell's visit to China in 1920 with his lover Dora Black led to heated discussions surrounding free love and free divorce, where privacy, the eugenic idea of a "robust individual" and science were key. Meanwhile, translations and the reception of Ellen Key and Havelock Ellis's works on eugenics and love underpinned the reconciliation in Chinese liberal intellectuals' thought between individualism/evolutionary humanism and eugenics, particularly in their debates on sexual and emotional ethics in the 1920s. Margaret Sanger's visit to China in 1922 opened up a debate on the suitability of eugenic birth control to solve China's problems, such as overpopulation and venereal disease. By probing into her interactions with Chinese intellectuals in 1922, this study reveals how her eugenic ideas were received, as well as the political tensions regarding her birth control advocacy. The dissertation demonstrates that the sexual reproductive considerations that had been viewed in the 1920s as a problem of the relationship between the individual and nation/race/society, by the 1930s came to completely subordinate the role of the individual to national and racial regeneration concerns. Sanger's continued correspondence with Chinese medical professionals came to shape the birth control movement in the 1930s in more strictly eugenic terms. This research contends that eugenics was not only influential in discourse, but came to be implemented in practice in the fields of sex hygiene, birth control and VD regulation. The agency of pioneer female gynecologists in the 1930s is emphasized by examining how they brought eugenics in practice in their birth control clinics, how they localized global female experience and theories on birth control and hygiene, either through translation or through their attempts to reach working class women with contraceptive sex education. Lastly I argue that eugenics and social hygiene also functioned as a male oriented ideology in VD policies of various colonial powers: British, American, Japanese, and French as part of an economy of empire. By contrast Chinese Nationalist Hygiene Campaigns and female gynecologists' internalizing of eugenics focused on female health.
12
Cole, Peter. „Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880“. Thesis, Cole, Peter (2000) Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/660/.
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The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of government.
13
Cole, Peter. „Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia : modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880“. Murdoch University, 2000. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.125641.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate
historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major
urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's
widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban
railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in
detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly
developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The
llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for
the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built
suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements
of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early
basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and
maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and
government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of
private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government
owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting
practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths
concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political
view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the
private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary
narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible
explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical
economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate
of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of
government.
14
Temperton, Barbara. „The Lighthouse keeper's wife, and other stories (novel) ; and Ceremony for ground : narrative, landscape, myth (dissertation)“. University of Western Australia. English, Communication and Cultural Studies Discipline Group, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0005.
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The focus of this project is on poetry, narrative, landscape and myth, and the palimpsest and/or hybridisation created when these four areas overlay each other. Our local communities' engagement with myth-making activity provides a golden opportunity for contemporary poets to continue the practice long established by our forebears of utilising folklore and legendary material as sources for poetry. Keeping in mind the words of M. H. Abrams who said
15
Turton, David James. „Australia's Coal Seam Gas Debate: Perspectives across Time, Space, Law and Selected Professions“. Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142834.
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Coal seam gas (CSG) extraction is a source of ongoing controversy
in the Australian States of New South Wales and Queensland.
Primarily composed of methane, CSG has evolved from a gas
extracted in the interests of coal miner safety, to a profitable
concern, source of electricity generation and, arguably, a
transition fuel in a carbon-constrained future. Efforts to
develop Australia’s CSG industry since the early 2000s has
brought the sector into increased geographical proximity with
existing land uses. Arguments over CSG and its potential risks
and benefits remain ongoing, yet the nation’s CSG debate often
lacks historical context, geographical insights, justice research
perspectives and viewpoints from key professionals associated
with this resource. This thesis therefore poses the overarching
question: how can environmental history, legal geography,
procedural and distributive justice, and profession-specific
insights from lawyers, judges and planners, shed light upon this
controversial resource?
Drawing on a typology of relevance for environmental history,
current CSG land access conflicts in Queensland are
contextualised within past efforts in that State to promote
coexistence between grain growers and coal miners, comparing the
State’s statutorily enshrined Land Access Code 2010 with a
voluntary Explorer-Landholder Procedures Guide produced in 1982
by agricultural and mining stakeholders. Building on this
temporal aspect of formal and informal land access agreements, a
legal geography lens is taken to unconventional gas in Australia,
highlighting its value as a tool for investigating CSG –
particularly for investigating the involvement of lawyers and
judges in land use disputes.
Acknowledging that lawyers are multifaceted participants in
Australia’s CSG discussion, an extended study of their
participation in recorded community forums in Queensland and New
South Wales demonstrates this profession’s significant role in
informing community forum audiences about land access laws
concerning CSG, while also critiquing these laws by referring to
personal experiences with the legal process. Viewpoints from
judges associated with CSG-related litigation were also sought
out and framed by both legal geography and procedural and
distributive justice. An examination of a selection of court
judgments concerning CSG revealed that procedural and
distributive justice issues have arisen in New South Wales and
Queensland. These judgments attend to the place of Australian
local governments in negotiations with CSG operators, the
provision of accurate mapping information to landholders by CSG
companies and the nature of effective engagement in community
consultation. Judges were also shown to engage with geographical
concepts in their rulings, namely scale.
Finally, this thesis examines planners in Australia’s CSG
controversy. Advancing research into the roles and
self-perceptions of planners through interviews with planners in
New South Wales and Queensland and related documentary sources,
these professionals were found to be flexible in their approach
to the industry, adopting community advocate, facilitator of
development and social gatekeeper roles as needed. The discussion
and findings of this research pose important questions about CSG
and the multifaceted impacts of this unconventional fossil fuel
– stressing the utility of analysis that is informed by space,
law, history, justice and the expertise of professionals.
16
Bellamy, Robyn Lyle. „Life history and chemosensory communication in the social Australian lizard, Egernia Whitii“. 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902/index.html.
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17
Scott, Rob. „The History of Australian Haiku and the Emergence of a Local Accent“. Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25867/.
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Since haiku first crossed Australian borders more than one hundred years ago, it has undergone
a process of translation, interpretation and transformation. This study examines aspects of
haiku’s cultural transmission and evolution in Australia from a genre oriented to the early
Japanese models, to one which is informed by a growing international haiku community and an
emerging local sensibility. This study will examine the origins of Australian haiku by evaluating the contribution of
some of its most important translators and educators and assess the legacy of Australia’s early
haiku education on current haiku practices. Haiku is still best known as a three-line poem of
seventeen syllables broken into lines of 5-7-5, however, contemporary haiku largely eschews
this classicist approach and is characterised by a blend of emulation and experimentation. This
study presents and discusses a variety of approaches to writing haiku that have emerged in
Australia over the course of its development.
18
Easton, Lyndlee Carol. „Life history strategies of Australian species of the halophyte and arid zone genus Frankenia L. (Frankeniaceae)“. 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081124.105244/index.html.
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19
Gaunt, HM. „Identity and nation in the Australian public library: the development of local and national collections 1850s – 1940s, using the Tasmanian Public Library as case study“. Thesis, 2010. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/10772/1/01front.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The major public reference libraries in the capital cities of Australia all maintain a
‘heritage’ role that is a central aspect of their function in their communities. All
have acquired rich and extensive collections relating to the history and literature
of their respective states and, in a number of cases, to the nation as a whole.
However, this aspect of philosophy and practice has not always been part of the
public library’s institutional goals. When the major public reference libraries were
established in the Australian colonies in the second half of the nineteenth century,
the acquisition of a ‘local archive’ reflecting local colonial history and culture was
desultory or non-existent in most cases.
This thesis is a cultural history of the growth of the ‘will to archive’ in the public
library in Australia over the course of a century, focusing on the period from the
1850s to the 1940s. It addresses how, when, and why the Australian public library
came to be a repository of the local and national past, as distinct from (but never
replacing) its role as a purveyor of Enlightenment culture and learning. The
evolution of this function is situated within a broader framework of emerging
historical consciousness, the growth of civic nationalism related to the federation
of the Australian colonies in 1901, changing attitudes to the production of history
and the new value accorded to accurate historical records, and efforts to establish
a ‘national’ creative literature. The thesis argues that the archiving mentality that
emerged in the last decades of the nineteenth century, stimulated by the emerging
interest in local history, became naturalised in the twentieth century through the
forces of nationalism and patriotism. The evolution of this function was complex,
influenced variously by factors such as the degree and type of cultural
philanthropic activity, historical ‘amnesia’ toward the colonial convict past, and
residual ‘cultural cringe’ toward Australian literary production.
While addressing local archiving practices across all the major ‘state’ public
libraries, the thesis focuses on the Tasmanian Public Library. While providing an
overview of the development of the local archive in Tasmania over a century, the
thesis examines in detail the agency of key figures such as trustee James Backhouse Walker and philanthropist William Walker, and the effect of the local
penal past on the formation of the local archive, exemplified by the ‘life cycle’ of
convict text The Hermit in Van Diemen’s Land by Henry Savery.
This study emerges from the conviction that a close examination of the formation
and stratification of library collections that symbolise and promote national
identity contributes valuable information about emerging and changing
‘worldviews’ of communities, particularly the ways in which communities
identify as members of a region and nation. Utilising the lens of public library
philosophy and collections, the thesis offers a new way of reflecting on the formation of local and national identities in Australia.
20
Copland, Gordon Arthur. „A house for the Governor settlement theory, the South Australian experiment, and the search for the first Government House /“. 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061010.104925/index.html.
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