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1
Wormald, Eileen. „Political literacy in Papua New Guinea“. International Journal of Educational Development 11, Nr. 1 (Januar 1991): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(91)90004-r.
2
Lindström, Eva. „Literacy in a Dying Language: The Case of Kuot, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea“. Current Issues in Language Planning 6, Nr. 2 (15.05.2005): 200–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200508668281.
3
Simoncini, Kym, Hilary Smith und Lara Cain Gray. „Culturally relevant reading books for Papua New Guinean children: Their reading rights and preferences“. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 45, Nr. 4 (22.10.2020): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1836939120966091.
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Children have a right both to read and to see their lives mirrored in books. In this study we explored young Papua New Guinean children’s reading preferences of 500 digital books. The books were created as part of a large project aimed at improving elementary (Preparatory to Year 2) children’s literacy skills in Papua New Guinea. Reading materials are scarce in Papua New Guinea and typically offer children windows into other contexts. This was addressed through a collaborative approach with Papua New Guinean and international writers to develop culturally relevant books. Dashboard data from the digital library showing the 25 Most Read Books were collected from 321 girls and 369 boys in 7 pilot schools. The findings indicated that the children preferred fiction books that were culturally specific. There were no statistically significant gender differences in book choice. The findings from this study can help education departments and non-government organisations in the further development of children’s books that will motivate children to read.
4
Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Jamee Newland, Peter Aggleton, Sophie Ase, Voletta Fiya, Herick Aeno, Lisa M. Vallely, Glen DL Mola, John M. Kaldor und Andrew J. Vallely. „Health communication messaging about HPV vaccine in Papua New Guinea“. Health Education Journal 78, Nr. 8 (24.06.2019): 946–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919856657.
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Objective:The type of health education messages that communities and individuals seek to have communicated about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is important if vaccine programmes are to succeed, especially in settings such as Papua New Guinea (PNG), which have a high burden of cervical cancer, low health literacy and negative experiences of earlier vaccination programmes. This study sought to identify the health education messages that are viewed as most appropriate in such a context.Methodology:A qualitative study using gender-specific focus group discussions ( N = 21) and semi-structured interviews ( N = 82) was undertaken in three sites in PNG. Sites included both rural and urban locations in Milne Bay, Eastern Highlands and Western Highlands Provinces.Results:Two divergent discourses emerged. One group of participants, largely young people, felt communication messages should stress that HPV is a preventable sexually transmitted infection, which can cause cervical cancer. The other group, mainly members of the older population, believed that messaging should focus on the vaccine as a prevention strategy for cervical cancer. A small minority wanted both aspects of the vaccine discussed.Conclusion:Sensitivity needs to be taken when engaging with communities which have negative experiences of earlier infant immunisation programmes. Ensuring that the health communication needs and priorities of different sections of the populations are taken into account is key to the successful introduction and roll-out of HPV vaccination in this setting.
5
Simoncini, Kym, Barbara Pamphilon und Katja Mikhailovich. „Place-Based Picture Books as an Adult Learning Tool: Supporting Agricultural Learning in Papua New Guinea“. Adult Learning 28, Nr. 2 (14.09.2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045159516668815.
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This article describes the rationale, development, and outcomes of two place-based, dual-language picture books with agricultural messages for women farmers and their families in Papua New Guinea. The purpose of the books was to disseminate better agricultural and livelihood practices to women farmers with low literacy. The books were designed and illustrated in collaboration with women farmers from two provinces. Evaluation data were collected through focus groups with local peer educators (village community educators [VCEs]). The VCEs reported changes in family practices related to marketing, budgeting, and saving that reflected messages in the books. The books helped the VCEs who had received livelihood and agricultural training to recall and implement the training in addition to sharing their knowledge. Farmers with low literacy were able to access the messages through the illustrations. Such place-based picture books are a powerful medium for low literacy women farmers and their families to learn about and reinforce positive livelihood and agricultural practices.
6
Reid, M. Sophie. „Yaws in Papua New Guinea: Extent of the Problem and Status of Control Programs“. Clinical Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_2 (01.05.1985): S254—S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/7-supplement_2.s254.
7
Waffi, Joy Marie. „Evaluating Women's Empowerment: Experimenting with a Creative Participatory Self-evaluation Methodology in Papua New Guinea“. Evaluation Journal of Australasia 17, Nr. 3 (September 2017): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x1701700306.
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This article introduces a participatory evaluation methodology that can be used with very low literacy groups of women to capture change experienced in their voice, participation, and decision-making abilities at the household and community levels. Central to this methodology is the process utilised to enable a personal determination of the level of change that has taken place according to individual baselines and circumstances, and using this information to present a more accurate picture of how much change has occurred for some women versus others and use percentage break-ups to show the different change-level-groups of women in a community. Whereas one can easily make the mistake of generalising change levels for all the women based on the responses of a few outspoken ones, this evaluation methodology captures the richness and diversity that exists even among a small group of women. Utilising such an evaluation approach makes one recognise the complexities that come with measuring change in women's voice, participation and decision-making in very low literacy settings. Developed in haste and used for an internal CARE International end-of-project evaluation in early 2014, the author shares her original experience of utilising this new self-developed participatory evaluation methodology. The article is sequenced so that the reader is presented with the circumstances out of which this evaluation methodology was developed, the benefits discovered from utilising it, shortfalls of the original methodology, and improvements that will be made to further develop and strengthen the methodology.
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Finau, Glenn, Kerry Jacobs und Satish Chand. „Agents of alienation: accountants and the land grab of Papua New Guinea“. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, Nr. 5 (17.06.2019): 1558–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-10-2017-3185.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and examine the role of accounting and accountants in customary land transactions between Indigenous peoples and foreign corporate entities. The paper uses the case of two accountants who utilised accounting technologies in lease agreements to alienate customary land from Indigenous landowners in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Design/methodology/approach Employing a case study methodology, the paper draws on contemporary data sets of transcripts related to a Commission of Inquiry established in 2011 to investigate PNG’s Special Agricultural Business Lease system. Analysis of other publicly available data and semi-structured interviews with PNG landowners and other stakeholders supplement and triangulate data from the inquiry transcripts. A Bourdieusian lens was adopted to conceptualise how accounting was used in the struggles for customary land between foreign developers and Indigenous landowners within the wider capitalist field and the traditional Melanesian field. Findings This paper reveals how accountants exploited PNG’s customary land registration system, the Indigenous peoples’ lack of financial literacy and their desperation for development to alienate customary land from landowners. The accountants employed accounting technologies in the sublease agreements to reduce their royalty obligations to the landowners and to impose penalty clauses that made it financially impossible for the landowners to cancel the leases. The accountants used accounting to normalise, legitimise and rationalise these exploitative arrangements in formal lease contracts. Originality/value This paper responds to the call for research on accounting and Indigenous peoples that is contemporary rather than historic; examines the role of accountants in Indigenous relations, and examines the emancipatory potential of accounting.
9
Wickneswari, R., und M. Norwati. „Genetic Diversity of Natural-Populations of Acacia auriculiformis“. Australian Journal of Botany 41, Nr. 1 (1993): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930065.
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Seeds from 18 populations of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. from natural riverine and coastal forests in Australia and Papua New Guinea were electrophoretically analysed at 22 isozyme loci representing 17 enzyme systems. Genetic variability measures were determined using 12 isozyme loci. On average, 39.8% of the loci were polymorphic (0.99 criterion). Average and effective numbers of alleles per locus were 1.5 and 1.1 respectively. Mean expected heterozygosity was 0.081 with values ranging from 0.002 (South Alligator River, Northern Territory) to 0.180 (North Mibini, Papua New Guinea). The genetic differentiation between populations was high (GST = 0.270), indicating that about 73% of the isozyme variation was among progenies within populations. Hence, both intra- and inter-population genetic variations are important in initial selections in A. auriculiformis improvement programs. Nei's unbiased genetic distance between populations ranged from 0.000 to 0.120, with populations from the Northern Territory, Australia, generally being very closely related to each other. UPGMA cluster analysis using Nei's unbiased genetic distance revealed three distinct clusters of populations corresponding to the geographic distribution of the species in the Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia, and Papua New Guinea. Populations from Queensland were closely related to populations from Papua New Guinea rather than to populations from the Northern Territory, which is in the same land mass.
10
McKeown, Eamonn. „Biros, Books and Big-men: Literacy and the Transformation of Leadership in Simbu, Papua New Guinea“. Oceania 72, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2001): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2001.tb02775.x.
11
Lee, Ling, Fabrizio D'Esposito, Jambi Garap, Geoffrey Wabulembo, Samuel Peter Koim, Drew Keys, Anaseini T. Cama, Hans Limburg und Anthea Burnett. „Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Papua New Guinea: a nationwide survey“. British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, Nr. 3 (23.05.2018): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311802.
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ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and main causes of blindness and vision impairment in people aged 50 years and older in Papua New Guinea (PNG).DesignNational cross-sectional population-based survey in National Capital District (NCD), Highlands, Coastal and Islands regions.MethodsAdults aged 50 years and above were recruited from 100 randomly selected clusters. Each participant underwent monocular presenting and pinhole visual acuity (VA) assessment and lens examination. Those with pinhole VA<6/12 in either eye had a dilated fundus examination to determine the primary cause of reduced vision. Those with obvious lens opacity were interviewed on barriers to cataract surgery.ResultsA total of 4818 adults were examined. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness (VA <3/60), severe vision impairment (SVI, VA <6/60 but ≥3/60), moderate vision impairment (MVI, VA <6/18 but ≥6/60) and early vision impairment (EVI, VA <6/12 but ≥6/18) was 5.6% (95% CI 4.9% to 6.3%), 2.9% (95% CI 2.5% to 3.4%), 10.9% (95% CI 9.9% to 11.9%) and 7.3% (95% CI 6.6% to 8.0%), respectively. The main cause of blindness, SVI and MVI was cataract, while uncorrected refractive error was the main cause of EVI. A significantly higher prevalence of blindness, SVI and MVI occurred in the Highlands compared with NCD. Across all regions, women had lower cataract surgical coverage and spectacle coverage than men.ConclusionsPNG has one of the highest reported prevalence of blindness globally. Cataract and uncorrected refractive error are the main causes, suggesting a need for increased accessible services with improved resources and advocacy for enhancing eye health literacy.
12
Schneider, Cindy. „Talking around the texts“. Written Language and Literacy 19, Nr. 1 (05.12.2016): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.19.1.01sch.
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This paper examines the role of literacy as it is practiced in a multilingual community on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. Ethnographic observational fieldwork and semi-structured interviews reveal how literacy plays out in six common domains of everyday life: public discourse, home, school, church, health care, and government. Following Street (1984, 1995), an ideological framework is used to explore the unique cultural context of literacy in this community. It is found that: (a) the community venerates external standards of literacy, at the expense of local practices; nevertheless, (b) literacy practices reflect the multilingual skills of the general population; and (c) literacy events provide an opportunity for oral discourse and social bonding. It is also argued that the community would benefit if local literacy practices were recognised and validated on their own merit.
13
Elia, Clerah R., und Sue Devine. „Barriers and enablers for cervical cancer screening in the Pacific: A systematic review of the literature.“ Pacific Journal Reproductive Health 1, Nr. 7 (20.08.2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.18313/pjrh.2018.905.
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Background: Globally cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women and in some low-income countries is the most common cancer in women. Papua New Guinea has a particularly concerning incidence of cervical cancer where it ranks first as the leading cause of cancer in females. Screening is a reliable strategy to detect cervical cancer but implementation of screening in Papua New Guinea is poor. The aim of this review is to identify the enablers and barriers for cervical cancer screening in Papua New Guinea.
Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using electronic databases; PubMed, Medline, Scopus, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Articles published between 2007 and 2017 that focused on the enablers and barriers to cervical cancer screening were included. Only one study from Papua New Guinea was identified so the search was extended to include other Pacific Island Countries and Low-Income Countries more broadly.
Findings: Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. The main barriers for cervical cancer screening included a lack of women’s knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, a lack of health facilities for screening, diagnosis and treatment, lack of health care worker knowledge and training, cultural beliefs and financial burdens. The main enablers included women having access to education programs, availability of cervical cancer screening services, female friendly environments and health care workers being trained to undertake screening.
Conclusions: While the literature highlighted the importance of cervical cancer screening, a range of barriers limits the delivery of this service in low-income country settings. In particular, there is a gap in the knowledge of barriers and enablers within Papua New Guinea and further research in this country is required. Applying the knowledge learned from other low-income countries and gaining a clearer understanding of both the barriers and enablers for cervical cancer screening in the Papua New Guinea context may lead to clear recommendations to improve implementation and uptake of cervical cancer screening.
14
Cooperrider, Kensy, Tyler Marghetis und Rafael Núñez. „Where Does the Ordered Line Come From? Evidence From a Culture of Papua New Guinea“. Psychological Science 28, Nr. 5 (10.03.2017): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617691548.
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Number lines, calendars, and measuring sticks all represent order along some dimension (e.g., magnitude) as position on a line. In high-literacy, industrialized societies, this principle of spatial organization— linear order—is a fixture of visual culture and everyday cognition. But what are the principle’s origins, and how did it become such a fixture? Three studies investigated intuitions about linear order in the Yupno, members of a culture of Papua New Guinea that lacks conventional representations involving ordered lines, and in U.S. undergraduates. Presented with cards representing differing sizes and numerosities, both groups arranged them using linear order or sometimes spatial grouping, a competing principle. But whereas the U.S. participants produced ordered lines in all tasks, strongly favoring a left-to-right format, the Yupno produced them less consistently, and with variable orientations. Conventional linear representations are thus not necessary to spark the intuition of linear order—which may have other experiential sources—but they nonetheless regiment when and how the principle is used.
15
Spear, Sherilynn F., Ellen Vor Der Bruegge, Charles B. Hamilton und Stewart N. Blumenfeld. „Strategies to plan and assess alternative programs to train rural-based health workers in Papua New Guinea“. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 22, Nr. 1 (Januar 1988): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(88)90031-6.
16
Gray, Richard T., Lei Zhang, Tony Lupiwa und David P. Wilson. „Forecasting the Population-Level Impact of Reductions in HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Papua New Guinea“. AIDS Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891593.
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Papua New Guinea (PNG) recently did not secure external funding for the continuation of its antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs meaning that supplies of HIV drugs for the estimated 38,000 people living with HIV in PNG could be completely depleted during 2010. Using a mathematical model of HIV transmission calibrated to available HIV epidemiology data from PNG, we evaluated the expected population-level impact of reductions in ART availability. If the number of people on ART falls to 10% of its current level, then there could be an approximately doubling in annual incidence and an additional 12,848 AIDS-related deaths (100.7% increase) over the next 5 years; if ART provision is halved, then annual incidence would increase by ~68%, and there would be an additional ~10,936 AIDS-related deaths (85.7% increase). These results highlight that maintenance of ART and associated services through external funding is essential for the health and well-being of HIV-positive people in PNG.
17
Hopkins, Sarah, Graham Ogle, Lisette Kaleveld, John Maurice, Betty Keria, William Louden und Mary Rohl. „‘Education for equality’ and ‘education for life’: examining reading literacy and reading interest in Papua New Guinea primary schools1“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education 33, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359866052000341142.
18
Mooring, Eric Q., Oriol Mitjà und Megan B. Murray. „Spatial-temporal clustering analysis of yaws on Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea to enhance planning and implementation of eradication programs“. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12, Nr. 10 (29.10.2018): e0006840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006840.
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Goulding, William, Alvaro Salazar Perez, Patrick Moss und Clive McAlpine. „Subsistence lifestyles and insular forest loss in the Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea: an endemic hotspot“. Pacific Conservation Biology 25, Nr. 2 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17047.
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Insular areas of the south-west Pacific support high levels of global biodiversity and are undergoing rapid change. The Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea is a poorly known location with high levels of endemism. The largest island, Sudest Island, supports single-island endemic species and has the largest tract of forest remaining in this island group. The islands still support traditional subsistence lifestyles. This study investigated the patterns of forest loss since 1974 and predicted future forest loss to identify areas of conservation concern. We collected village population census data to assess population growth from 1979–2011. Historical vegetation mapping from 1974 was compared with Global Forest Change data from 2000–14. The geospatial drivers of forest loss were investigated using a generalised linear mixed model. Projected forest cover loss patterns in the islands were modelled in GEOMOD to the year 2030. Resident populations grew rapidly (6.0% per year, 1979–2011) but only a low rate of forest loss (e.g. −0.035% per year, Sudest Island) was observed between 1974 and 2014, restricted to low elevations near villages. Future modelling showed varied impacts on the remaining forest extents of the larger islands. The study offers a rare contemporary example of a biodiverse hotspot that has remained relatively secure. We concluded that local cultural and environmental settings of islands in the south-west Pacific can strongly determine the patterns and processes of forest cover change, and need to be considered in programs to conserve endemic diversity.
20
Nowland, Samantha J., Paul C. Southgate, Rose K. Basiita und Dean R. Jerry. „Elucidation of fine-scale genetic structure of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) populations in Papua New Guinea and northern Australia“. Marine and Freshwater Research 68, Nr. 10 (2017): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16223.
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The development of a sandfish (Holothuria scabra) mariculture industry within Papua New Guinea (PNG) is of great socio-economic importance. However, the lack of knowledge surrounding the current population genetic structure throughout the region has raised concern about the genetic impacts of hatchery-augmented sea ranching on already diminished wild populations. The present study evaluated the current population genetic structure of sandfish within PNG, and more broadly across northern Australia, to inform sustainable mariculture practices and provide baseline genetic data within these regions. Microsatellite-based population genetic analyses were used to determine the genetic diversity within subpopulations. This analysis found that although microsatellite loci varied widely in the number of alleles (3–28), the overall allelic diversity was similar among all populations sampled. The level of genetic substructuring among all populations sampled was low, although significant (FST=0.037, P=0.000). Most of these differences were driven by distinctness of the Australian populations from those in PNG, whereby results indicated that PNG populations exhibited a panmictic stock structure. No distinct patterns of genetic isolation by distance were detected among the populations examined. Information obtained from the present study will improve the management of restocking programs and support a sustainable future for the PNG sandfish mariculture industry.
21
Richards, Ben, John Bacon-Shone und Nirmala Rao. „Socioeconomic correlates of early child development: Gradients from six countries in the East Asia-Pacific region“. International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, Nr. 6 (25.07.2018): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418785460.
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This study examined socioeconomic gradients in different domains of early child development using data from the validation sample of the East Asia-Pacific Early Child Development Scales. The Scales were administered to 7797 3- to 5- year-olds (3889 girls) from Cambodia, China, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, and Vanuatu and children’s parents provided information about socioeconomic status (SES). Findings indicated that: (i) with the exception of Motor Development, all SES indicators predicted all domains of development; (ii) SES–development associations were largest for Cognitive Development, Socio-emotional Development, and Language and Emergent Literacy; (iii) wealth and maternal education were the best predictors of early child development; and (iv) significant SES–development associations were found in all countries except Cambodia.
22
Athanasopoulos, George, Siu-Lan Tan und Nikki Moran. „Influence of literacy on representation of time in musical stimuli: An exploratory cross-cultural study in the UK, Japan, and Papua New Guinea“. Psychology of Music 44, Nr. 5 (09.07.2016): 1126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735615613427.
23
Guy, Adrian. „Frameworks for evaluating law and justice development assistance: Lessons from Australia’s involvement in PNG“. Alternative Law Journal 46, Nr. 3 (08.06.2021): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x211021927.
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For over 20 years Australia has provided assistance to Papua New Guinea in the development of their law and justice sector. The Justice Services and Stability for Development program is the most recent of such law and justice development assistance programs. Much like its predecessors, while it made some achievements, efforts have ultimately underperformed due to an inadequate and donor-centric monitoring and evaluation framework. It is contended that although an ideal monitoring and evaluation framework will not guarantee development results, it is a prerequisite. This ideal framework adopts the learning-effectiveness model and constructivist approach, relies on mechanisms such as self-reporting and qualitative research tested against context-centric indicators and is necessarily staged in its rollout design.
24
Sumarsono, Adi, Nurcholis und Sri Winarsih. „Program Kemitraan Masyarakat: Pemanfaatan Pangan Lokal sebagai Sumber Asupan Gizi bagi Balita Prasejahtera Daerah Perbatasan di Kabupaten Merauke“. Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, Nr. 3 (27.11.2019): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.5.3.258-265.
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The phenomenon of children suffering from malnutrition in the Asmat Regency, Papua Province is still the subject of national media coverage and is one of the benchmarks of the government's success in implementing pro-people programs. This community partnership activity is intended to increase knowledge, understanding, and skills of the parents of pre prosperous families live in the border regions of the Republic of Indonesia/Papua New Guinea (RI/PNG) in processing and utilizing local food as a source of nutritional intake. Method of the activity consisted of: training and mentoring. The improvement program uses standard limits on eligibility and limits on achievement of change. The Community Partnership Program (PKM) has succeeded in increasing the knowledge and care of parents of pre-prosperous families for the nutritional needs of their sons and daughters, and improving the parents’ skills in growing local food using home yards. Increased skills can be seen from the results of the creativity of citizens in making food creations that are in accordance with the concept of adequate nutrition using local food.
25
Athanasopoulos, George, und Nikki Moran. „Cross-Cultural Representations of Musical Shape“. Empirical Musicology Review 8, Nr. 3-4 (24.10.2013): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v8i3-4.3940.
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In cross-cultural research involving performers from distinct cultural backgrounds (U.K., Japan, Papua New Guinea), we examined 75 musicians’ associations between musical sound and shape, and saw pronounced differences between groups. Participants heard short stimuli varying in pitch contour and were asked to represent these visually on paper, with the instruction that if another community member saw the marks they should be able to connect them with the sounds. Participants from the U.K. group produced consistent symbolic representations, which involved depicting the passage of time from left-to-right. Japanese participants unfamiliar with English language and western standard notation provided responses comparable to the U.K. group’s. The majority opted to use a horizontal timeline, whilst a minority of traditional Japanese musicians produced unique responses with time represented vertically. The last group, a non-literate Papua New Guinean tribe known as BenaBena, produced a majority of iconic responses which did not follow the time versus pitch contour model, but highlighted musical qualities other than the parameters intentionally varied in the investigation, focusing on hue and loudness. The participants’ responses point to profoundly different ‘norms’ of musical shape association, which may be linked to literacy and to the functional role of music in a community.
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Kevany, Sebastian, Amy Gildea, Caleb Garae, Serafi Moa und Avaia Lautusi. „Global health diplomacy, national integration, and regional development through the monitoring and evaluation of HIV/ AIDS programs in Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, and Samoa“. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 4, Nr. 6 (27.04.2015): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2015.89.
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McKenzie, Maviso. „Experiences of men’s involvement in antenatal education services in the rural Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea: a descriptive qualitative study.“ Pacific Journal Reproductive Health 1, Nr. 7 (20.08.2018): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.18313/pjrh.2018.901.
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Background: Appropriate antenatal education services that increase men’s involvement in pregnancy and childbirth is crucial for improving maternal and child health outcomes. However, in Papua New Guinea (PNG), men’s involvement in antenatal education services remains inadequate. This study aimed to describe experiences of men’s involvement in antenatal education services and identify factors that facilitate or restrict their involvement.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted among 17 men who have attended antenatal care (ANC) and involved in antenatal education sessions with their wives. Semi-structured and face-to-face interviews were employed to obtain detailed descriptions of men’s experiences and their perception of antenatal health education services, including factors that influenced their involvement. Data is generated from interviews. The findings are informed by the thematic analysis.
Results: Three key themes that emerged were: (1) perception of ANC as women’s domain, (2) knowledge of antenatal education services, and (3) accessing of antenatal education services. Factors influencing men’s involvement were: strict gender roles, being responsible for pregnancy and spousal communication. Lack of knowledge, dissatisfaction with antenatal services, and lack of capacity to involve men were other reasons further observed.
Conclusion: This study found negative perceptions; poor maternal knowledge and socio-cultural norms, inadequate information dissemination and poor men-friendly services influenced men’s involvement. Suggestions to strengthen men’s involvement require gender-inclusive and culturally appropriate antenatal education programs.
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Loughnan, Shannon R., Carolyn Smith-Keune, Luciano B. Beheregaray, Nicholas A. Robinson und Dean R. Jerry. „Population genetic structure of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) across the natural distribution range in Australia informs fishery management and aquaculture practices“. Marine and Freshwater Research 70, Nr. 11 (2019): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18330.
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Clarifying population structure of fish stocks is important for the sustainable exploitation of fisheries, along with informing collection of founder broodstock for the genetic improvement of aquaculture programs. Using 16 microsatellite DNA markers, the most comprehensive genetic survey to date (1297 individuals from 49 sample collections) of the population structure and genetic diversity of wild Australian barramundi (Lates calcarifer) was undertaken. The results point to the existence of two distinct genetic stocks (east and west) with isolation by geographic distance (IBD), and a central region of admixture between the stocks, located in an area where a historic land bridge once connected northern Australia with Papua New Guinea. Global levels of population differentiation were moderate (fixation index, FST=0.103, P<0.001) and IBD was identified as a factor influencing population structure across the sampled region. There was also evidence of temporal stability of population genetic structure over a period of 25 years. This study provides valuable information for improving programs of translocation, restocking and captive breeding for both the wild barramundi fishery and the aquaculture industry.
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Gray, Natalie, Peter Azzopardi, Elissa Kennedy, Elise Willersdorf und Mick Creati. „Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health in Asia and the Pacific“. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 25, Nr. 2 (31.07.2011): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539511417423.
Annotation:
Data on adolescent reproductive health (ARH) are required to inform evidence-based policies and programs. The reports of national-level household surveys such as the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) are important sources of such data in developing countries. The aim of this study was to map data on ARH from DHS and MICS reports from selected countries in the Asia and Pacific regions. The DHS and MICS reports for Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu, and Vietnam were reviewed. Data on 128 indicators, including ARH outcomes, outcomes for babies of adolescent mothers, and adolescents’ access to health information and services, were mapped. Available data are limited because of the omission of cohorts such as young adolescents (10-14 years old) and, in many surveys, unmarried women; the omission of important indicators; and failure to report data disaggregated by age. DHS and MICS reports have limited capacity to inform policy and programs to improve ARH. A review of DHS and MICS sampling strategies and reporting templates, and a consideration of alternative data collection strategies, are warranted.
30
Ivancic, A. „Abnormal and Unusual Inflorescences of Taro, Colocasia esculenta (Araceae)“. Australian Journal of Botany 43, Nr. 5 (1995): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950475.
Annotation:
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) breeding success depends strongly on hybridisation. The main problem in artificial hybridisation of taro is the irregularity of flowering and the occurrence of abnormal floral structures. Abnormal inflorescences appear continually in cultivated and wild taro populations in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Their frequency and phenotypic expression are strongly influenced by the environment and cannot always be distinguished from unusual types which are influenced less or not at all by the environment. The frequency of abnormal inflorescences increases with the application of flower-inducing hormones which are frequently used in breeding programs. Abnormal and unusual inflorescences are classified into 16 groups. Several types can be efficiently used in hybridisation. Some of the genotypes characterised by unusual or abnormal floral traits represent a potential genetic source for future improvement of taro. They may be used as genetic markers, as the source of the genetic variation for ornamental characteristics or for the improvement of flowering ability.
31
Stasch, Rupert. „The Camera and the House: The Semiotics of New Guinea “Treehouses” in Global Visual Culture“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 75–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000630.
Annotation:
One of the most frequently encountered representations of West Papuan people internationally today is a photographic or video image of a Korowai or Kombai treehouse (Figure 1). Circulation of these images first exploded in the mid-1990s. In 1994, anArts & Entertainment Channelfilm about Korowai was broadcast in the United States under the titleTreehouse People: Cannibal Justice, and in 1996National Geographicpublished a photo essay titled “Irian Jaya's People of the Trees.” Korowai and Kombai treehouses have since been depicted in dozens of magazine and newspaper articles and twenty television productions, made by media professionals from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Vietnam, and recently West Papua itself. Some representations have had mass global distribution through programming partnerships and satellite transmission agreements, and international editions of major magazines. Recently, several reality television programs have been produced about white travelers' stays in treehouses with Korowai or Kombai hosts. These include an episode ofTribebroadcast on BBC and Discovery in 2005, the six episodes ofLiving with the Kombai Tribeshown on Travel Channel and Discovery International in 2007, and an episode ofRendez-Vous En Terre Inconnuetelevised to much acclaim on France 2 in 2009. Treehouses were widely seen by Australian audiences in 2006 in theSixty Minutessegment “The Last Cannibals,” and during a subsequent media firestorm that surrounded a rival show's unsuccessful effort to film their anchor accompanying a supposedly endangered Korowai orphan boy to a safer life in town. In 2009, a BBC film crew filmed Korowai house construction for the forthcoming blockbuster seriesHuman Planet, and in 2010National Geographicbegan researching a possible second story on Korowai treehouses. In late June and early July 2010, photos of Korowai treehouses were published by newspapers in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Paraguay, Spain, Romania, Hungary, Turkey, Finland, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and other countries, to illustrate stories reporting the Indonesian census bureau's announcement that it had counted Korowai thoroughly for the first time (e.g., Andrade 2010; most stories drew their content from Agence France-Presse). In August 2010, production began for a feature-length Indonesian film about physical and romantic travails of Javanese protagonists who sojourn with Korowai in their jungle home; no filming is being carried out in the Korowai area or with Korowai actors, but treehouses figure prominently in the film's early written and visual publicity.
32
Middleton, Jo, Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Emilie Beauchamp, Gavin Colthart, Maxwell J. F. Cooper, Francesca Dem, James Fairhead et al. „Health service needs and perspectives of remote forest communities in Papua New Guinea: study protocol for combined clinical and rapid anthropological assessments with parallel treatment of urgent cases“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2020): e041784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041784.
Annotation:
IntroductionOur project follows community requests for health service incorporation into conservation collaborations in the rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG). This protocol is for health needs assessments, our first step in coplanning medical provision in communities with no existing health data.Methods and analysisThe study includes clinical assessments and rapid anthropological assessment procedures (RAP) exploring the health needs and perspectives of partner communities in two areas, conducted over 6 weeks fieldwork. First, in Wanang village (population c.200), which is set in lowland rainforest. Second, in six communities (population c.3000) along an altitudinal transect up the highest mountain in PNG, Mount Wilhelm. Individual primary care assessments incorporate physical examinations and questioning (providing qualitative and quantitative data) while RAP includes focus groups, interviews and field observations (providing qualitative data). Given absence of in-community primary care, treatments are offered alongside research activity but will not form part of the study. Data are collected by a research fellow, primary care clinician and two PNG research technicians. After quantitative and qualitative analyses, we will report: ethnoclassifications of disease, causes, symptoms and perceived appropriate treatment; community rankings of disease importance and service needs; attitudes regarding health service provision; disease burdens and associations with altitudinal-related variables and cultural practices. To aid wider use study tools are in online supplemental file, and paper and ODK versions are available free from the corresponding author.Ethics and disseminationChallenges include supporting informed consent in communities with low literacy and diverse cultures, moral duties to provide treatment alongside research in medically underserved areas while minimising risks of therapeutic misconception and inappropriate inducement, and PNG research capacity building. Brighton and Sussex Medical School (UK), PNG Institute of Medical Research and PNG Medical Research Advisory Committee have approved the study. Dissemination will be via journals, village meetings and plain language summaries.
33
Roche, Chris, John Cox, Mereani Rokotuibau, Peni Tawake und Yeshe Smith. „The Characteristics of Locally Led Development in the Pacific“. Politics and Governance 8, Nr. 4 (25.11.2020): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3551.
Annotation:
There is a growing recognition of the effectiveness of locally led processes of social change and development. However, most of the case studies that have been discussed in the literature are focused on <em>programs</em> run by international development agencies. This article examines three locally led <em>processes</em> of change in the Pacific. These include the Simbo for Change Initiative in the Solomon Islands, the Voice in Papua New Guinea and a regional process led by the Green Growth Coalition. We explore how local understandings of leadership, preferences for informal ways of working, holistic ways of thinking, the importance placed upon maintaining good relationships and collective deliberation fundamentally shaped each of the cases. We note how these preferences and ways of working are often seen, or felt, to be at odds with western modes of thought and the practice of development agencies. Finally, we conclude by exploring how these initiatives were supported by external agencies, and suggest further research of this type might provide benchmarks by which Pacific citizens can hold their governments and development agencies to account.
34
Drummond, Frank, und Beth Choate. „Ants as biological control agents in agricultural cropping systems“. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 4, Nr. 2 (2011): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187498311x571979.
Annotation:
AbstractAnts positively impact agricultural systems by rapidly consuming large numbers of pest insects, disturbing pests during feeding and oviposition, and increasing soil quality and nutrients. The ability of ants to control pest species has been recognized since the year 300 A.D. and farmers continue to conserve and promote ant populations in agricultural systems worldwide. Naturally occurring ant species in milpas, mango, citrus, coconut, cashews, and cotton control many pest insects. Through judicious insecticide application and changes in management practices such as tillage, and other manipulations of vegetation and crop structure, beneficial ant populations are conserved in a variety of agroecosystems. The first recorded example of biological control was the manipulation of ants throughout citrus orchards in Asia. Augmentation continues in citrus, and methods of ant introduction have been developed in Malaysian and Indonesian cocoa plantations, as well as to control sweet potato and banana weevils in Cuba. Ant species have been formally incorporated into other integrated pest management programs for cashew in Australia, cocoa in Papua New Guinea, and mango in Australia and Vietnam. With efforts to reduce chemical pesticide input in agricultural systems, research evaluating the ability of generalist ant species to control pest insects must continue.
35
Burenhult, Niclas, Clair Hill, Juliette Huber, Saskia van Putten, Konrad Rybka und Lila San Roque. „Forests: the cross-linguistic perspective“. Geographica Helvetica 72, Nr. 4 (14.12.2017): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-72-455-2017.
Annotation:
Abstract. Do all humans perceive, think, and talk about tree cover (forests) in more or less the same way? International forestry programs frequently seem to operate on the assumption that they do. However, recent advances in the language sciences show that languages vary greatly as to how the landscape domain is lexicalized and grammaticalized. Different languages segment and label the large-scale environment and its features according to astonishingly different semantic principles, often in tandem with highly culture-specific practices and ideologies. Presumed basic concepts like mountain, valley, and river cannot in fact be straightforwardly translated across languages. In this paper we describe, compare, and evaluate some of the semantic diversity observed in relation to forests. We do so on the basis of first-hand linguistic field data from a global sample of indigenous categorization systems as they are manifested in the following languages: Avatime (Ghana), Duna (Papua New Guinea), Jahai (Malay Peninsula), Lokono (the Guianas), Makalero (East Timor), and Umpila/Kuuku Ya'u (Cape York Peninsula). We show that basic linguistic categories relating to tree cover vary considerably in their principles of semantic encoding across languages, and that forest is a challenging category from the point of view of intercultural translatability. This has consequences for current global policies and programs aimed at standardizing forest definitions and measurements. It calls for greater attention to categorial diversity in designing and implementing such agendas, and for receptiveness to and understanding of local indigenous classification systems in communicating those agendas on the ground.
36
Pink, Vikki. „Mobilisation in a dynamic Australasian oil and gas market“. APPEA Journal 54, Nr. 2 (2014): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13074.
Annotation:
How do major brownfield engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractors manage their resources across a geographically dispersed market that is transitioning from the Greenfield mega-project era into operations? How do we manage seemingly unlimited opportunities with a finite in-country resource pool without compromising safety, quality and competitiveness? Contractors must demonstrate high levels of nimbleness and governance when it comes to accessing and deploying the right calibre, cost-effective resources. The mega-project era in Australia has seen unprecedented growth, but on a capital-project basis; brownfield contractors need to take the long view and structure their resourcing strategies accordingly. This means tapping into global networks of suitably experienced personnel, unblocking barriers to mobility, and developing sustainable development programs. Investment in and relentless focus on safety leadership through tailored development and competency programs is a must for any contractor that is serious about mobilising safely. When considering the cultural, behavioural, and competence contexts of diverse locations, leading contractors must come ready-armed with robust, proven tools managed by leadership personnel who are deeply intimate with these methods and the core values that underpin them. By taking direct ownership of resourcing through strategic, in-house capabilities with a global reach, a contractor can constantly monitor its talent pool and link this to its strategic opportunities. But even more critically, the contractor can provide assurance to clients and communities that the crews deployed to diverse worksites, such as Karratha, Bass Strait, and Papua New Guinea are completely fit for purpose and well suited to each environment.
37
Harley, David, Adrian Sleigh und Scott Ritchie. „Ross River Virus Transmission, Infection, and Disease: a Cross-Disciplinary Review“. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, Nr. 4 (01.10.2001): 909–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.4.909-932.2001.
Annotation:
SUMMARY Ross River virus (RRV) is a fascinating, important arbovirus that is endemic and enzootic in Australia and Papua New Guinea and was epidemic in the South Pacific in 1979 and 1980. Infection with RRV may cause disease in humans, typically presenting as peripheral polyarthralgia or arthritis, sometimes with fever and rash. RRV disease notifications in Australia average 5,000 per year. The first well-described outbreak occurred in 1928. During World War II there were more outbreaks, and the name epidemic polyarthritis was applied. During a 1956 outbreak, epidemic polyarthritis was linked serologically to a group A arbovirus (Alphavirus). The virus was subsequently isolated from Aedes vigilax mosquitoes in 1963 and then from epidemic polyarthritis patients. We review the literature on the evolutionary biology of RRV, immune response to infection, pathogenesis, serologic diagnosis, disease manifestations, the extraordinary variety of vertebrate hosts, mosquito vectors, and transmission cycles, antibody prevalence, epidemiology of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection, infection risks, and public health impact. RRV arthritis is due to joint infection, and treatment is currently based on empirical anti-inflammatory regimens. Further research on pathogenesis may improve understanding of the natural history of this disease and lead to new treatment strategies. The burden of morbidity is considerable, and the virus could spread to other countries. To justify and design preventive programs, we need accurate data on economic costs and better understanding of transmission and behavioral and environmental risks.
38
Toliman, P., S. G. Badman, J. Gabuzzi, S. Silim, L. Forereme, A. Kumbia, B. Kombuk et al. „Field Evaluation of Xpert HPV Point-of-Care Test for Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infection by Use of Self-Collected Vaginal and Clinician-Collected Cervical Specimens“. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, Nr. 7 (13.04.2016): 1734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00529-16.
Annotation:
The World Health Organization has recommended that testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) (hrHPV) infection be incorporated into cervical screening programs in all settings worldwide. In many high-burden, low-income countries, it will not be feasible to achieve high cervical screening coverage using hrHPV assays that require clinician-collected samples. We conducted the first evaluation of self-collected vaginal specimens compared with clinician-collected cervical specimens for the detection of hrHPV infection using the Xpert HPV test. Women aged 30 to 54 years attending two well-woman clinics in Papua New Guinea were invited to participate and provided self-collected vaginal and clinician-collected cervical cytobrush specimens. Both specimen types were tested at the point of care by using the Xpert HPV test. Women were given their cervical test result the same day. Those with a positive hrHPV test and positive examination upon visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid were offered same-day cervical cryotherapy. A total of 1,005 women were enrolled, with 124 (12.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.3%, 14.4%) being positive for any hrHPV infection. There was a 99.4% overall percent agreement (OPA) between vaginal and cervical tests for HPV-16 (95% CI, 98.9%, 99.9%), a 98.5% OPA for HPV-18/45 (95% CI, 97.7%, 99.3%), a 94.4% OPA for other hrHPV infections (95% CI, 92.9%, 95.9%), and a 93.4% OPA for all hrHPV types combined (95% CI, 91.8%, 95.0%). Self-collected vaginal specimens had excellent agreement with clinician-collected cervical specimens for the detection of hrHPV infection using the Xpert HPV test. This approach provides for the first time an opportunity to incorporate point-of-care hrHPV testing into clinical cervical screening algorithms in high-burden, low-income settings.
39
Rowland, J. Mark. „Male horn dimorphism, phylogeny and systematics of rhinoceros beetles of the genus Xylotrupes (Scarabaeidae : Coleoptera)“. Australian Journal of Zoology 51, Nr. 3 (2003): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02013.
Annotation:
Male horns in several groups of beetles represent a special class of secondary sexual characters in which condition-dependent, alternate developmental programs produce not only a bimodal horn-size distribution, but also discrete male mating behaviours correlated with these alternate phenotypes. While these intrasexual dimorphisms have recently received theoretical and experimental attention concerning how they are produced and modified, less has been focussed on the macroevolutionary behaviour of the ontogenetic mechanism that produces them. The developmental program that produces alternate male morphologies is manifested by a non-linear horn-size allometry that has been noted to vary within and among various taxa according to its shape and position. The purpose of the present study is to produce a preliminary measure of the macroevolutionary behaviour of these allometric characters as a function of defined phylogenetic scale among the rhinoceros beetles of the widespread genus Xylotrupes.A phylogenetic analysis performed herein suggests that Xylotrupes is monophyletic and is composed of six lineages, which are treated as discrete species. The taxon Xylotrupes gideon of previous literature is shown to constitute five species. Explicit rationale, including morphological diagnoses and evidence of reproductive isolation, supports a new, readily testable taxonomic scheme that recognises the following species: Xylotrupes florensis in the Lesser Sunda and Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia; X. meridionalis in Sri Lanka and India; X. ulysses in Sulawesi, Moluccas, Australia, Papua New Guinea and Melanesia; X. pubescens in the Philippines, Sumatra and Sulawesi; X. mniszechi in south-central and south-east Asia and China; and X. gideon in west Malaysia, Borneo and the Indonesian archipelago from Sumatra through the Lesser Sunda Islands. Subspecies are recognised in some of these taxa and are based upon geographic and phylogenetic partitioning.As in other groups of beetles, the sigmoidal allometric relationship of horn size to body size produces bimodal horn-size distributions in the males of all the species of Xylotrupes in which adequate samples were obtained. The present data show that there is more variation in allometric shape but less variation in allometric position in Xylotrupes than in dung beetles of the genus Onthophagus. Moreover, the phylogenetic patterns of variation in horn allometry among the taxa of Xylotrupes indicate that as much variation in allometric position and shape occurs among the subspecies of a single species, X. ulysses, as occurs among the remainder of the species in this genus.Evidence is provided that allometric position in Xylotrupes is responsive to interspecific competition inasmuch as character displacement of body size relative to horn size occurs in newly discerned sympatric populations of X. gideon and X. pubescens zideki. Further, major evolutionary modifications in allometric shape in two subspecies of X. ulysses have apparently occurred independently and involve fundamentally different adaptive mechanisms.These results suggest that modifications in the developmental program that controls male horn dimorphism are a principal feature of diversification in the beetles of the genus Xylotrupes.
40
McNulty, Patti, und Mark Mathieson. „Esso Highlands Limited—committed to world's best practice assessment processes for the PNG LNG Project“. APPEA Journal 51, Nr. 2 (2011): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10089.
Annotation:
The PNG LNG Project is a major resource project in Papua New Guinea that should double the GDP of PNG and provide significant benefits to numerous remote, regional and metropolitan communities. Through a commitment to providing optimal training and employment opportunities for PNG nationals, Esso Highlands Limited is recruiting candidates from all over PNG to take up training and employment opportunities. One opportunity for PNG candidates is the Operations and Maintenance Technician Traineeship Program. This involves 18 months of preparatory training in Port Moresby and 12 months at advanced technical training facilities overseas followed by up to 24 months on the job training at the actual facility; either the Hides gas conditioning plant in the Southern Highlands or at the LNG plant outside Port Moresby in PNG. This program is structured to establish a highly-trained workforce of more than 150 technicians for key operational roles in the PNG LNG Project. A nationwide recruitment drive attracted more than 8,000 applicants. Although the scale of this response—in a country with poor socio-economic conditions and limited paid employment opportunities—was anticipated, the linguistic and cultural diversity of the candidates provided a major challenge for Esso Highlands. The challenge involved how to appropriately and fairly assess and select the required number of trainees from this massive pool of candidates. To address some of the assessment and selection needs, Esso Highlands Limited commissioned ValueEdge Consulting in light of their experience and expertise in delivering similar culturally appropriate assessment programs throughout Australia and southeast Asia. This presentation will provide an overview of the staged assessment model used to select the 76 most suitable candidates from the original 8,000 applicants for the first traineeship program, which commenced in Port Moresby in July 2010. The success of this recruitment program in a culturally, linguistically and educationally diverse country is highlighted by the fact that another significant-sized group of the candidates were retained by Esso Highlands Limited in internship positions—this is in addition to the 76 candidates selected for trainee positions. Due to the high-calibre talent pool attracted by this opportunity and assessed through this program, the extended pool of retained candidates enabled Esso Highlands Limited to meet their needs for the traineeships and also to identify suitable candidates to fulfill a range of their other training and employment opportunities. This presentation will outline details of the selection methods and tools used for the assessment of: training potential, technical aptitude, interpersonal skills, technical knowledge, team work, and individual competencies. The presentation also outlines a model for other green-field sites in countries where traditional recruitment methodologies are ineffective or culturally and linguistically biased against the local population.
41
Andaya, Leonard Y., H. A. Poeze, Anne Booth, Adrian Clemens, A. P. Borsboom, James F. Weiner, Martin Bruinessen et al. „Book Reviews“. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 148, Nr. 2 (1992): 328–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003163.
Annotation:
- Leonard Y. Andaya, H.A. Poeze, Excursies in Celebes; Een bundel bijdragen bij het afscheid van J. Noorduyn als directeur-secretaris van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 1991, 348 pp., P. Schoorl (eds.) - Anne Booth, Adrian Clemens, Changing economy in Indonesia Volume 12b; Regional patterns in foreign trade 1911-40. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1992., J.Thomas Lindblad, Jeroen Touwen (eds.) - A.P. Borsboom, James F. Weiner, The empty place; Poetry space, and being among the Foi of Papua New Guinea. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. - Martin van Bruinessen, Ozay Mehmet, Islamic identity and development; Studies of the Islamic periphery. London and New York: Routledge, 1990 (cheap paperback edition: Kula Lumpur: Forum, 1990), 259 pp. - H.J.M. Claessen, Timothy Earle, Chiefdoms: power, economy, and ideology. A school of American research book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 341 pp., bibliography, maps, figs. - H.J.M. Claessen, Henk Schulte Nordholt, State, village, and ritual in Bali; A historical perspective. (Comparitive Asian studies 7.) Amsterdam: VU University press for the centre for Asian studies Amsterdam, 1991. 50 pp. - B. Dahm, Ruby R. Paredes, Philippine colonial democracy. (Monograph series 32/Yale University Southeast Asia studies.) New Haven: Yale Center for international and Asia studies, 1988, 166 pp. - Eve Danziger, Bambi B. Schieffelin, The give and take of everyday life; Language socialization of Kaluli children. (Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language 9.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. - Roy Ellen, David Hicks, Kinship and religion in Eastern Indonesia. (Gothenburg studies in social anthropology 12.) Gothenburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1990, viii 132 pp., maps, figs, tbls. - Paul van der Grijp, Pierre Lemonnier, Guerres et festins; Paix, échanges et competition dans les highlands de Nouvelle-Guinée. (avant-propos par Maurice Godelier). Paris: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1990, 189 pp. - F.G.P. Jaquet, Hans van Miert, Bevlogenheid en onvermogen; Mr. J.H. Abendanon en de Ethische Richting in het Nederlandse kolonialisme. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 1991. VI 178 pp. - Jan A. B. Jongeneel, Leendert Jan Joosse, ‘Scoone dingen sijn swaere dingen’; een onderzoek naar de motieven en activiteiten in de Nederlanden tot verbreiding van de gereformeerde religie gedurende de eerste helft van de zeventiende eeuw. Leiden: J.J. Groen en Zoon, 1992, 671 pp., - Barbara Luem, Robert W. Hefner, The political economy of Mountain Java; An interpretive history. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. - W. Manuhutu, Dieter Bartels, Moluccans in exile; A struggle for ethnic survival; Socialization, identity formation and emancipation among an East-Indonesian minority in The Netherlands. Leiden: Centre for the study of social conflicts and Moluccan advisory council, 1989, xiii 544 p. - J. Noorduyn, Taro Goh, Sumba bibliography, with a foreword by James J. Fox, Canberra: The Australian National University, 1991. (Occasional paper, Department of Anthropology, Research school of Pacific studies.) xi 96 pp., map, - J.G. Oosten, Veronika Gorog-Karady, D’un conte a l’autre; La variabilité dans la litterature orale/From one tale to the other; Variability in oral literature. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1990 - Gert Oostindie, J.H. Galloway, The sugar cane industry: An historical geography from its origins to 1914. Cambridge (etc.): Cambridge University Press, 1989. xiii 266 pp. - J.J. Ras, Peter Carey, The British in Java, 1811-1816; A Javanese account. Oriental documents X, published for the British academy by Oxford University Press, 1992, xxii 611 pp., ills., maps. Oxford: Alden press. - Ger P. Reesink, Karl G. Heider, Landscapes of emotion; Mapping three cultures of emotion in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme. 1991, xv 332 p. - Ger P. Reesink, H. Steinhauer, Papers on Austronesian linguistics No. 1. Canberra: Department of linguistics, Research school of Pacific studies, ANU. (Pacific linguistics series A- 81). 1991, vii 225 pp., - Janet Rodenburg, Peter J. Rimmer, The underside of Malaysian history; Pullers, prostitutes, plantation workers...Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1990, xiv 259 p., Lisa M. Allen (eds.) - A.E.D. Schmidgall-Tellings, John M. Echols, An Indonesian-English Dictionary. Third edition. Revised and edited by John U.Wolff and James T. Collins in in cooperation with Hasan Shadily. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1989. xix + 618 pp., Hasan Shadily (eds.) - Mary F. Somers Heidhues, Olaf H. Smedal, Order and difference: An ethnographic study of Orang Lom of Bangka, West Indonesia, Oslo: University of Oslo, Department of social anthropology, 1989. [Oslo Occasional Papers in Social Anthropology, Occasional Paper no. 19, 1989]. - E.Ch.L. van der Vliet, Henri J.M. Claessen, Early state economics. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 1991 [Political and Anthropology Series volume 8]., Pieter van de Velde (eds.) - G.M. Vuyk, J. Goody, The oriental, the ancient and the primitive; Systems of marriage and the family in the pre-industrial societies of Eurasia. New York, Cambridge University Press, (Studies in literacy, family, culture and the state), 1990, 562 pp. - E.P. Wieringa, Dorothée Buur, Inventaris collectie G.P. Rouffaer. Leiden: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 1990, vi 105 pp., 6 foto´s.
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Burnett, Anthea, Aryati Yashadhana, Maria Cabrera Aguas, Yvonne Hanni und Mitasha Yu. „Experiences of vision impairment in Papua New Guinea: implications for blindness prevention programs“. Rural and Remote Health, 20.10.2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22605/rrh3873.
43
Maya, Heni Batara, Mohammad Kemal Dermawan und Vinitia Susanti. „The Integrated Prevention Model for Marijuana Smuggling in Land Border Region of Indonesia-Papua Nugini (Case: Muara Tami District, Jayapura City, Papua Province)“. Jurnal Cita Hukum 8, Nr. 3 (05.12.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.18421.
Annotation:
AbstractThis paper describes the need for an effective preventive model in preventing the smuggling of marijuana in the Indonesia- Papua New Guinea land border area in Muara Tami District, Jayapura Papua. The model applied so far is an outward looking model where this model implements an integrated cross-border inspection, supervision and security. The unstructured interview approach and the Delphi method were used in this study so that accurate data was obtained that in practice, the current model used still did not look professional and integrated, namely between cross-border service officers, Police and defense, Ondoaffi. (traditional leaders), religious leaders and border communities in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea region. In addition, the integration between Ministries / Institutions related to programs and budgets in order to prevent marijuana smuggling in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area in Muara Tami District, Jayapura City, Papua Province is also still weak. The reason of people who choose to smuggle marijuana is because they do not feel guilty and think that it is a profitable job with a strong social network, the behavior that neutralizes themselves that carrying marijuana is not a crime. In addition, the existence of problems such as geographic, demographic and disturbance from armed crime groups (OPM) that have not received serious action are also factors related to the above problems. Based on this background, this dissertation provides a strategic step, contained several policy recommendations that can strengthen this model so that it is expected to be maximized and more efficient than the previous model.Keywords: The Indonesian-Papua New Guinea Border Area, Rational considerations of profit and loss, Organized Crime, Social Networks, Neutralization and Delphi Methods, Marijuana Smuggling Crime Prevention Models
44
Curtain, Richard. „What Can Papua New Guinea Do to Lift Its Numbers in the Seasonal Worker Programs of Australia and New Zealand?“ SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3255353.
45
OBI, MARGARET J. P. „Winner of LIBRI Best Student Paper Award 1998. LIS Professionals as Agents for Information Literacy: A New Perspective for Papua New Guinea?“ Libri 48, Nr. 3 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libr.1998.48.3.131.
46
Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Ebenezer Agbaglo, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Louis Kobina Dadzie, Ishmael Bukari, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw und Sanni Yaya. „Individual and contextual factors associated with disposal of children’s stools in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the 2016–2018 demographic and health survey“. BMC Public Health 20, Nr. 1 (23.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09852-6.
Annotation:
Abstract Background Proper sanitation has been one of the topmost priorities on the global public health agenda. In the past few decades, sanitation programs targeting households have often paid little attention to the disposal of children’s stools. We assessed the individual and contextual factors associated with disposal of children’s faeces in Papua New Guinea. Methods The data used for this study forms part of the 2016–2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). For this study, we focused on women with children less than five years (n = 2095). Both descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, using frequency counts and percentages. The inferential analysis used multilevel logistic regression models to investigate the individual and contextual factors associated with disposal of children’s stools. These models were presented as adjusted odds ratio (AORs), together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results More than half (56%) of the women had disposed of their children’s stools unsafely. With the individual level factors, the results showed that women with children < 12 months [AOR =1.71; CI = 1.28–2.29] and women aged 20–24 [AOR =2.58; CI = 1.24–5.37], 35–39 [AOR =2.34; CI = 1.09–5.04], and 40 years and above [AOR =2.51; CI = 1.09–5.79] were more likely to practice unsafe disposal of children’s stool. The odds of unsafe disposal of faeces was also higher among women who visited the health facility for child diarrhea [AOR =1.69; CI = 1.25–2.28]. With the contextual factors, the odds of unsafe disposal of children’s stool was higher among women who lived in the Southern region [AOR =4.82; CI = 2.08–11.18], those who lived in male-headed households [AOR =1.79; CI = 1.19–2.70], and those who had unimproved toilet facilities [AOR =1.96; CI = 1.39–2.76]. On the contrary, women with unimproved source of drinking water were less likely to dispose of their children’s stool unsafely [AOR =0.54; CI = 0.35–0.83]. Conclusion Both individual and contextual factors predict unsafe disposal of children’s faeces in Papua New Guinea. It is recommended that sanitation programs should focus on behavioral change and not only on the extension of water and improved toilet facilities. Such programs should also focus on both individual and contextual factors of women.
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Gupta, Sarika, Kevin McGeechan, Sarah Bernays, Glen Mola, Angela Kelly-Hanku, John W. Bolnga und Kirsten I. Black. „Fertility Preferences, Contraceptive Use, and the Unmet Need for Contraception in Papua New Guinea: Key Findings From 1996 to 2016“. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 07.08.2021, 101053952110342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10105395211034299.
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Expanding access to reliable contraception is a global priority in the fight to lower maternal morbidity and mortality. Papua New Guinea (PNG) continues to face significant challenges in enhancing contraceptive services for women. PNG Demographic Health Survey (DHS) has been undertaken every 10 years since 1996 and describes the major trends in crude birth rates, fertility rates and preferences, contraceptive use, and the unmet needs for contraception. The latest survey in 2016 means that there are now 20 years of data available. Between 1996 and 2016, modern contraceptive prevalence increased from 14% to 29% with a preference for longer acting reversible contraception, though the unmet need for contraception persisted at 32% with minimal change since 1996. Rurally dwelling women as well as those with low literacy, who make up the majority of reproductive age women in PNG, were consistently the least likely to use contraception. Expanding access to reliable contraception should therefore be prioritized for these women.
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Hoy, Christopher, und Darian Naidoo. „The Marginal Benefit of an Active Labor Market Program Relative to a Public Works Program: Evidence from Papua New Guinea“. IZA Journal of Development and Migration 10, Nr. 1 (05.10.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2019-0003.
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AbstractPolicymakers typically try to address youth unemployment in developing countries through either active labor market programs (ALMPs) or labor-intensive public works programs (LIPWs). We examine whether there is any additional benefit for unemployed youth from participating in a comprehensive ALMP compared to a LIPW. We exploit an unanticipated intervention in the largest employment program in Papua New Guinea, which resulted in one intake of the program completing a LIPW and missing out on a comprehensive ALMP. We conduct a difference-in-difference analysis between participants in the intake that missed out on the ALMP component of the program and participants in the intakes immediately before and after. In contrast to most impact evaluations of ALMPs, we show youth that completed the comprehensive ALMP were around twice as likely to be employed in the formal sector 9–12 months after the program compared to similar youth in the intake that only completed a LIWP. This effect was entirely driven by 20% of youth who participated in the ALMP staying with the employer they were placed with following the end of the program. Surveys of these employers illustrate that they use the ALMP as a low-cost, low-risk, and relatively low-effort way of hiring new employees.
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Silalahi, Budi Jaya, Faus Tinus Handi Feryandi und Pandapotan Sidabutar. „Pemanfaatan Teknologi Citra Satelit dan Drone untuk Pengelolaan Pertanahan di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia“. Jurnal Pertanahan 11, Nr. 1 (29.07.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.53686/jp.v11i1.12.
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ABSTRACT Indonesia is an archipelagic state, which has border with other states on the land, sea, as well as on the air. In the sea, Indonesia has direct borders with ten countries, namely: India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Republic of Palau, Australia, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea. As for the land, Indonesia has direct borders with three countries, namely Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste. As we know, Indonesian people who live in boundary zone are generally in poor conditions with lack of public services, such as: social, transportation and education service and facilities. However, the changing of government paradigm in the last two decades has prompted greater attention to this area. Recently, various government programs are driven to the border region, notably in provinces that have land borders, that is West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, and Papua Provinces. This paper will present about the land management programs in general which carried out in the Indonesia’s border area, for example in Entikong, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province, and Motaain, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The main focus in this paper is the using of remote sensing and drones or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data for supporting those programs. Furthermore, by promote the cooperation with other agencies and encourage community participation in the border zone, those programs can be succeeding in result. The conclusion of the study shows that the utilization of drones and imagery data is the key point of innovation in land management program in order to support the acceleration of sustainable development in the border region. Keywords: Border, Land Management, Drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), Remote Sensing, Government Paradigms ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang berbatasan dengan negara lain baik di darat, laut, maupun di udara. Di laut, Indonesia berbatasan langsung dengan sepuluh negara yaitu: India, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, Vietnam, Filipina, Republik Palau, Australia, Timor Leste, dan Papua Nugini. Sedangkan untuk daratan, Indonesia berbatasan langsung dengan tiga negara yaitu Malaysia, Papua Nugini dan Timor Leste. Sebagaimana kita ketahui, masyarakat Indonesia yang tinggal di zona perbatasan umumnya berada dalam kondisi yang memprihatinkan dengan minimnya pelayanan publik, seperti: pelayanan dan fasilitas sosial, transportasi dan pendidikan. Namun, perubahan paradigma pemerintahan dalam dua dekade terakhir telah mendorong perhatian yang lebih besar pada bidang ini. Belakangan ini berbagai program pemerintah didorong ke wilayah perbatasan, terutama di provinsi yang memiliki perbatasan darat, yaitu Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan Papua. Makalah ini akan memaparkan tentang kegiatan pertanahan secara umum yang dilakukan di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia, yakni di Entikong, Kabupaten Sanggau, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, dan Motaain, Kabupaten Belu, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Fokus utama dalam makalah ini adalah penggunaan data penginderaan jauh dan drone atau pesawat tak berawak (UAV). Lebih jauh, dengan meningkatkan kerjasama dengan instansi lain dan mendorong partisipasi masyarakat di zona perbatasan, kegiatan pertanahan tersebut dapat berhasil. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan data drone dan citra merupakan kunci utama inovasi dalam aspek pertanahan guna mendukung percepatan pembangunan berkelanjutan di kawasan perbatasan. Kata kunci: Perbatasan, Pengelolaan Lahan, Drone (Pesawat Udara Tanpa Awak), Penginderaan Jauh, Paradigma
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Kepore, Kevin, Colin Higgins und Robert Goddard. „What do indigenous communities think of the CSR practices of mining companies?“ Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics 8, Nr. 1 (03.08.2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v8i1.328.
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This paper examines how one indigenous community in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG) views the social responsibility initiatives of OK Tedi Mining Ltd (OTML). This mining operation has been controversial since its inception, and various operators of the mine have sought to engage the community and to undertake a number of CSR-related projects. Insights gained from four focus groups amongst the Ok Tedi River indigenous communities show that while some members of the community are satisfied with the company’s efforts at the macro level, many have reservations about the effectiveness of the programs at the micro level on the village and family unit. The implementation of CSR activities are slow and in many instances do not effectively address stakeholder concerns.