Thematische Bibliographien / Litcrit

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Litcrit“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Litcrit"

1

Levenstein, Harvey A. „Travels Into the Land of Litcrit“. Reviews in American History 24, Nr. 2 (1996): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.1996.0048.

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2

Tomaselli, Keyan G. „Cultural Studies as ‘Psycho-babble’. Post-LitCrit, methodology and dynamic justice“. Communicatio 27, Nr. 1 (Januar 2001): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500160108537924.

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3

Ann, P. J., J. N. Tsai und H. R. Yang. „First Report of Leaf and Stem Downy Blight of Longan Seedlings Caused by Peronophythora litchii in Taiwan“. Plant Disease 96, Nr. 8 (August 2012): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-12-0009-pdn.

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Fruit downy blight caused by Peronophythora litchii Chen ex Ko et al. is an important disease of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Taiwan, especially in rainy seasons. Previous records indicate litchi as the only natural host of P. litchii, but this pathogen was found on seedlings of longan (Euphoria longana Lamarck) in 2000. Young seedlings of longan that had emerged in a litchi orchard near Caotun, Nantou County, showed symptoms of droopy leaves and leaf blight. Water-soaked lesions appeared on young leaves, which turned into brown, round or irregular lesions (about 3 to 5 cm long). Diseased leaves withered and collapsed eventually. Dark brown lesions were found on stems of some infected seedlings but none of the infected seedlings were killed. Also, no symptoms were found on mature leaves. The pathogen produced numerous sporangia on sporangiophores on diseased leaves under humid conditions. The disease on young seedlings was observed again in another litchi orchard at Caotun, Nantou County, in 2003. P. litchii was consistently isolated from diseased leaves. Two isolates from colonized longan seedlings, Tari 20250 collected in 2000 and Tari 23301 collected in 2003, were used for further studies. Both isolates produced large numbers of sporangia on long sporangiophores when cultured on 5% V8 agar (5% V8 juice, 0.02% CaCO3, and 1.5% agar). Sporangia produced on the same sporangiophores matured almost simultaneously. Sporangiophores 240 to 1,600 μm (mean 623 μm) branched dichotomously two to eight times. Sporangia were oval or lemon-shaped with semispherical papilla and deciduous with very short pedicels (2 to 5 μm). The dimension was 25 to 55 (35.25) × 15 to 27.5 (21.2) μm for sporangia and 0.5 to 1 (0.55) μm for pedicels. The length/breadth (L/B) ratio of sporangia was 1.3 to 2.14 (1.67). Both isolates produced numerous oospores on 5% V8 agar cultures in darkness. Artificial inoculation tests were done by spraying 5 mL of sporangial suspension (1,000 sporangia/mL) on each longan seedling without wounding. Results showed that both longan isolates of P. litchii were pathogenic on young longan seedlings, causing symptoms similar to those observed on leaves and stems of naturally infected longan seedlings in litchi orchards. Also, both longan isolates of P. litchii caused downy blight on fruits of litchi (L. chinensis var black leaf) by artificial inoculation tests. Moreover, a P. litchi isolate from litchi caused symptoms of leaf blight on young longan seedlings. P. litchii was reisolated from the infected longan tissues. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence confirmed that the longan isolate Tari 20250 (GenBank Accession No. JQ814693) was 100% identical to other P. litchii isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. Gu111613 to Gu111615). To our knowledge, this is the first report of longan as a natural host of P. litchii. The study also suggests that P. litchii on volunteer longan seedlings in litchi orchards may be a potential source of inoculum for fruit downy blight of litchi. References: (1) C. C. Chen. Special Publ. Coll. Agric., Natl. Taiwan Univ. 10:1, 1961. (2) W. H. Ko et al. Mycologia 70:380, 1978.
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4

Li, Yuanhong, Jing Wang, Ming Liang, Haoyu Song, Jianhong Liao und Yubin Lan. „A Novel Two-Stage Approach for Automatic Extraction and Multi-View Generation of Litchis“. Agriculture 14, Nr. 7 (29.06.2024): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071046.

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Obtaining consistent multi-view images of litchis is crucial for various litchi-related studies, such as data augmentation and 3D reconstruction. This paper proposes a two-stage model that integrates the Mask2Former semantic segmentation network with the Wonder3D multi-view generation network. This integration aims to accurately segment and extract litchis from complex backgrounds and generate consistent multi-view images of previously unseen litchis. In the first stage, the Mask2Former model is utilized to predict litchi masks, enabling the extraction of litchis from complex backgrounds. To further enhance the accuracy of litchi branch extraction, we propose a novel method that combines the predicted masks with morphological operations and the HSV color space. This approach ensures accurate extraction of litchi branches even when the semantic segmentation model’s prediction accuracy is not high. In the second stage, the segmented and extracted litchi images are passed as input into the Wonder3D network to generate multi-view of the litchis. After comparing different semantic segmentation and multi-view synthesis networks, the Mask2Former and Wonder3D networks demonstrated the best performance. The Mask2Former network achieved a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 79.79% and a mean pixel accuracy (mPA) of 85.82%. The Wonder3D network achieved a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 18.89 dB, a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.8199, and a learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS) of 0.114. Combining the Mask2Former model with the Wonder3D network resulted in an increase in PSNR and SSIM scores by 0.21 dB and 0.0121, respectively, and a decrease in LPIPS by 0.064 compared to using the Wonder3D model alone. Therefore, the proposed two-stage model effectively achieves automatic extraction and multi-view generation of litchis with high accuracy.
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5

Xing, Mengyu, Dandan Xu, Yinggu Wu, Tong Liu, Pinggen Xi, Rui Wang, Jing Zhao und Zide Jiang. „Biocontrol of Litchi Downy Blight Dependent on Streptomyces abikoensis TJGA-19 Fermentation Filtrate Antagonism Competition with Peronophythora litchii“. Fermentation 9, Nr. 12 (08.12.2023): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9121011.

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The cultivation and overall quality of Litchi, a fruit of significant commercial value in China, are hindered by the presence of the oomycetes pathogen Peronophythora litchii. This pathogen is responsible for the occurrence of litchi downy blight, resulting in substantial economic losses during the storage and transportation of the fruit, and affects nutritional growth. Effective and environmentally safe methods to control litchi downy blight are urgently needed. The application of biocontrol agents such as Streptomyces bacteria has proven effective for controlling plant diseases. Our present study isolated the Streptomyces strain TJGA-19, identified as S. abikoensis, with potent inhibitory activity against P. litchii. The antifungal active substances are mainly in the aqueous phase of TJGA-19 fermentation filtrate extraction. The fermentation filtrate of TJGA-19 not only suppressed the pathogen growth, sporulation, and sporangia germination, but also delayed the disease development of litchi downy blight. In addition, the stability of the TJGA-19 fermentation filtrate was not sensitive to the proteinase K, temperature, white-flourescence light, or ultraviolet treatment. Furthermore, the morphology and ultrastructure of P. litchii treated with fermentation filtrate was characterized by marked shrinking and deformation, with serious disruption of plasma membrane permeabilization and the organelles. Hence, S. abikoensis TJGA-19 and its metabolites demonstrated marked efficiency against the phytopathogenic pathogen P. litchii and provide a potential candidate for controlling litchi downy blight.
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6

Xu, Sai, Huazhong Lu und Xiuxiu Sun. „Quality Detection of Postharvest Litchi Based on Electronic Nose: A Feasible Way for Litchi Fruit Supervision during Circulation Process“. HortScience 55, Nr. 4 (April 2020): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14750-19.

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Susceptibility to mechanical injury and fast decay rates are currently two main problems of litchi fruit after harvesting. To achieve better postharvest management of litchi fruit, this study aimed to find an effective method of litchi fruit supervision during the circulation process that included mechanical injury detection and storage quality detection. For mechanical injury detection, injury-free litchis without any treatment and litchis with mild and severe mechanical injuries were dropped from 80 and 110 cm high, respectively. The electronic nose (E-nose) response, total soluble solid (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) of samples were tested on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after injury at room temperature. For storage quality detection, normal litchis were stored in a cold environment. The E-nose response, TSS, and TA of samples were tested on storage days 0, 3, 6, 10, 15, 19, and 24. The experimental results showed that mechanical injury not only accelerated pericarp browning but also accelerated flavor (TA and TSS) loss. The browning index quickly increased during storage, and the TSS and TA of defect-free litchis changed only barely at room temperature and during cold environment storage. After feature extraction, mechanical injury of litchi can be well-detected by E-nose from day 1 to day 4 after injury. The best mechanical injury detection time of litchi fruit is at day 4 after injury under room temperature storage conditions. After singular sensor elimination and comprehensive feature extraction, the storage time and browning degree, but not TSS and TA, of litchi fruit can be detected by E-nose. E-nose data preprocessing should differ according to the litchi variety and detection target.
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7

Wu, Yinggu, Xinyu Li, Li Dong, Tong Liu, Zhengbin Tang, Runmao Lin, Justice Norvienyeku und Mengyu Xing. „A New Insight into 6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one against Peronophythora litchii via TOR Pathway“. Journal of Fungi 9, Nr. 8 (21.08.2023): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9080863.

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The litchi downy blight disease of litchi caused by Peronophythora litchii accounts for severe losses in the field and during storage. While ample quantitative studies have shown that 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6PP) possesses antifungal activities against multiple plant pathogenic fungi, the regulatory mechanisms of 6PP-mediated inhibition of fungal pathogenesis and growth are still unknown. Here, we investigated the potential molecular targets of 6PP in the phytopathogenic oomycetes P. litchii through integrated deployment of RNA-sequencing, functional genetics, and biochemical techniques to investigate the regulatory effects of 6PP against P. litchii. Previously we demonstrated that 6PP exerted significant oomyticidal activities. Also, comparative transcriptomic evaluation of P. litchii strains treated with 6PP Revealed significant up-regulations in the expression profile of TOR pathway-related genes, including PlCytochrome C and the transcription factors PlYY1. We also noticed that 6PP treatment down-regulated putative negative regulatory genes of the TOR pathway, including PlSpm1 and PlrhoH12 in P. litchii. Protein-ligand binding analyses revealed stable affinities between PlYY1, PlCytochrome C, PlSpm1, PlrhoH12 proteins, and the 6PP ligand. Phenotypic characterization of PlYY1 targeted gene deletion strains generated in this study using CRISPR/Cas9 and homologous recombination strategies significantly reduced the vegetative growth, sporangium, encystment, zoospore release, and pathogenicity of P. litchii. These findings suggest that 6PP-mediated activation of PlYY1 expression positively regulates TOR-related responses and significantly influences vegetative growth and the virulence of P. litchii. The current investigations revealed novel targets for 6PP and underscored the potential of deploying 6PP in developing management strategies for controlling the litchi downy blight pathogen.
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8

Xing, Mengyu, Tao Sun, Tong Liu, Zide Jiang und Pinggen Xi. „Effectiveness of Volatiles Emitted by Streptomyces abikoensis TJGA-19 for Managing Litchi Downy Blight Disease“. Microorganisms 12, Nr. 1 (17.01.2024): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010184.

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Litchi is a fruit of significant commercial value; however, its quality and yield are hindered by downy blight disease caused by Peronophythora litchii. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Streptomyces abikoensis TJGA-19 were investigated for their antifungal effects and studied in vitro and in planta for the suppression of litchi downy blight disease in litchi leaves and fruits. The growth of P. litchii was inhibited by VOCs produced by TJGA-19 cultivated on autoclaved wheat seeds for durations of 10, 20, or 30 days. Volatiles from 20-day-old cultures were more active in inhibition effect against P. litchii than those from 10- or 30-day-old cultures. These volatiles inhibit the growth of mycelia, sporulation, and oospore production, without any significant effect on sporangia germination. Additionally, the VOCs were effective in suppressing disease severity in detached litchi leaf and fruit infection assays. With the increase in the weight of the wheat seed culture of S.abikoensis TJGA-19, the diameters of disease spots on leaves, as well as the incidence rate and disease indices on fruits, decreased significantly. Microscopic results from SEM and TEM investigations showed abnormal morphology of sporangia, mycelia, and sporangiophores, as well as organelle damage in P. litchii caused by VOCs of TJGA-19. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the identification of 22 VOCs produced by TJGA-19, among which the most dominant compound was 2-Methyliborneol. These findings indicated the significant role of TJGA-19 compounds in the control of litchi downy blight disease and in improving fruit quality.
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9

Monteiro de Castro e Castro, Bárbara, Angelica Plata-Rueda, Wiane Meloni Silva, Claubert Wagner Guimarães de Menezes, Carlos Frederico Wilcken und José Cola Zanuncio. „Manejo del ácaro Aceria litchii (Acari: Eriophyidae) en Litchi chinensis“. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 44, Nr. 1 (05.08.2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6528.

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El cultivo del litchi, Litchi chinensis, tiene gran popularidad en el mercado internacional. El ácaro del litchi, Aceria litchii (Eriophyidae), es una de las principales plagas de este cultivo, se alimenta de hojas, sobre todo en la parte inferior de las plantas que forman eríneos. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar los principales métodos de control y proponer técnicas de manejo en el sistema de producción integrado del cultivo de L. chinensis. Se detectaron infestaciones de A. litchii en los huertos de Brasil en 2008 y el uso de insecticidas químicos es el principal método de control de esta plaga. La combinación de métodos de cultivo biológico y químico hace que el sistema sea más satisfactorio en el largo plazo. El control y la prevención del ácaro del litchi son clave para reducir su propagación y establecimiento.
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10

Huang, Hao, Enli Lv, Huazhong Lu und Jiaming Guo. „Experimental Analysis of a Spray Hydrocooler with Cold Energy Storage for Litchi“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 14 (14.07.2023): 8195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148195.

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The shortage of precooling equipment in litchi-producing regions could lead to a high loss rate and poor quality of litchis. It is urgent to develop a portable precooling device for litchi-producing regions. In this study, a novel spray hydrocooler with thermal energy storage (TES) was designed, fabricated, and tested. A simple mathematical model of TES capacity, the ice-on-coil thermal resistance, and refrigeration system was employed to determine the hydrocooler parameters. Then, the structure of the spray hydrocooler was designed. The maximum charging test was implemented with full TES capacity, and the litchi spray hydrocooling experiments were carried out at different charging times (3–6 h), spray flow rates (30–60 L min−1), and litchi loads (8–28 kg) with one-third TES capacity. Results showed that: (1) the spray hydrocooler allows for the rapid and effective precooling of litchis within 15 min after harvest; (2) the hydrocooler can precool 299 kg litchis with one-third TES storage, meeting the precooling requirements; (3) the effective TES capacity achieved 1.25 × 108 J at the maximum TES capacity of the hydrocooler, while the energy efficiency ratio (EER) is 2; (4) the precooling capacity was maximum and the average power consumption was minimum when the litchi load was 23 kg and the spray flow rate was 30 L min−1. Longer charging time is the most important factor in increasing the precooling capacity and reducing the average power consumption. It provides feasible precooling equipment for rapid precooling in litchi-production regions.
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Mehr Quellen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Litcrit"

1

Reichel, Mareike [Verfasser]. „Improved shelf life and colour retention of fresh litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit / Mareike Reichel“. Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1198600802/34.

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2

Le, Roux Erwan. „Etude des composés phénoliques et des systèmes enzymatiques impliqués dans le brunissement du péricarpede litchi (litchi chinensis sonn. )“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30010.

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Les principaux composes phenoliques du pericarpe de litchi, var. Kwai mi, ont ete identifies. La couleur rouge du pericarpe est due a la presence de deux anthocyanes : le 3-rutinoside de cyanidol (80% des anthocyanes totales) et le 3-glucoside de cyanidol (identification du substituant glycosidique non formelle). Deux flavonols sont presents : les 3-rutinoside et 3-glucoside de quercetol. La majeure partie des composes phenoliques du pericarpe est constituee de flavanols, l'epicatechine etant le monomere principal et l'unite de base des procyanidols qui possedent des liaisons interflavaniques de type b et a. Le degre moyen de polymerisation des tanins, estime par thiolyse, est de 6,4. Le degre de polymerisation le plus eleve, detecte en spectrometrie de masse, est 22 avec 5 ou 6 liaisons de type a. Les systemes enzymatiques, susceptibles d'intervenir dans le brunissement du pericarpe, sont les polyphenoloxydase (ppo), peroxydase (pod) et -glucosidase. Il semble que le procede de conservation des fruits apres recolte le mieux adapte soit la conservation des fruits ensaches, a basse temperature. Ce traitement alternatif au sulfitage permet de maintenir les fruits a un niveau d'hydratation ralentissant le processus de senescence des fruits et par consequent leur brunissement.
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3

LOPES, Marisa de Oliveira. „Litchi chinensis Sonn.: estudos microbiológicos e fitoquímicos“. Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2014. http://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/169.

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A espécie Litchi chinensis Sonn., popularmente conhecida como lichieira, é originária da China e tem aplicações medicinais em muitos países, em especial pela medicina tradicional chinesa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar química e biologicamente o extrato de folhas e frações desta espécie. Foi preparado o extrato hidroetanólico das folhas e, a partir da partição líquido-líquido, foram obtidas as frações hexânica, acetato de etila, butanólica e aquosa. Foi utilizada a técnica de espectrometria de massas ESI-IT-MSn para traçar o perfil do extrato e das frações. Procedeu-se à quantificação dos teores de fenóis totais, de flavonoides totais, do poder sequestrante do radical DPPH e do poder redutor do extrato de folhas e frações. Além disso, foram avaliadas também as seguintes atividades biológicas in vitro: antimicrobiana para bactérias e fungos (ensaio da difusão em ágar e concentração inibitória mínima), leishmanicida e citotoxicidade. O extrato de folhas e frações apresentaram compostos fenólicos como principais constituintes químicos, tais como flavonoides (agliconas e heterosídeos) e taninos condensados. Os resultados da determinação dos fenólicos totais e flavonoides demonstraram que existe uma maior concentração destes compostos na fração acetato de etila em relação ao extrato de folhas e às outras frações e a avaliação do poder sequestrante de radicais DPPH e do poder redutor demonstra que esta fração também apresentou maior atividade antioxidante in vitro em comparação ao extrato de folhas e às outras frações. Assim, evidencia-se a possível correlação entre estes compostos e a atividade antioxidante. O extrato de folhas de L. chinensis e frações testados neste trabalho apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra as seguintes bactérias gram-positivas: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e frente à bactéria gram-negativa Proteus mirabilis. O extrato de folhas de L. chinensis e frações não apresentaram atividade contra L. amazonensis até a concentração testada de 40 µg/mL, nem tampouco apresentaram toxicidade aos macrófagos murinos até a concentração testada (160 µg/mL). A fração acetato de etila (FrAcOEt) do extrato de folhas apresentou os melhores resultados quanto ao teor de fenóis totais, flavonoides totais, a melhor atividade antioxidante e os menores valores de concentração inibitória mínima, evidenciando assim a viabilidade desta fração do extrato de folhas como fonte potencial de compostos bioativos.
The species Litchi chinensis Sonn., popularly known as litchi, originated in China and has medicinal applications in many countries, particularly in traditional chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate leaf extract and fractions of this species both chemically and biologically. The hydroethanolic leaf extract was prepared, and from the liquid-liquid partition, the fractions hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous acetate were obtained. The technique of mass spectrometry ESI -IT-MSn was used to determine the profile the extract and fractions. The quantification of total phenolic content, total flavonoid, the scavenging power of DPPH radical and the reducing power of leaf extracts and fractions was carried out. In addition, the following in vitro biological activities were also evaluated: antimicrobial for bacteria and fungi (agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration), leishmanicidal and cytotoxicity. The leaf extract and fractions showed phenolic compounds as major chemical constituents, such as flavonoids (aglycones and glycosides) and condensed tannins. The results of the determination of total phenolics and flavonoids have shown that there is a higher concentration of these compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction compared to the leaf extract and other fractions and evaluation of scavenging power of DPPH radical and reducing power demonstrates that this fraction also showed higher antioxidant activity in vitro compared to the leaf extract and other fractions. Thus, there is evidence of a possible correlation between these compounds and antioxidant activity. The leaf extract of L. chinensis and fractions tested in this work had the following antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus and against the gram-negative bacteria Proteus mirabilis. The leaf extract of L. chinensis and fractions showed no activity against L. amazonensis tested up to a concentration of 40 mg/mL, nor were toxic to murine macrophages in the concentration tested (160 mg/mL). The ethyl acetate fraction (FrAcOEt) of leaf extracts showed the best results on the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, the best antioxidant activity and the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration, thus demonstrating the viability of this fraction of the leaf extract as a potential source of bioactive compounds.
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4

Grondin, Isabelle. „Valorisation de graines de quelques fruits tropicaux. Etude chimique des lipides de Litchi sinensis Sonn. Et Euphoria longana Lam“. Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT031G.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude chimique des principaux constituants des lipides des graines de deux plantes de la famille des sapindacées, le letchi et le longani. L'étude de la fraction glycéridique a permis de déterminer par chromatographie en phase gazeuse la composition en acides gras des deux huiles. Parmi les acides gras classiques recenses (acides palmitique, stéarique, oléique, linoléique, alpha-linoléique), deux acides gras cyclopropaniques, le cis-7,8-méthylènehexadécanoique et le cis-9,10-méthylèneoctadécanoique ou acide dihydrosterculique (majoritaire dans l'huile de letchi) ont été isoles après fractionnement par chromatographie liquide a haute performance et identifies par résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton, du carbone, bidimensionnelle proton/carbone. Les triacylglycerols ont été ensuite fractionnés par chromatographie liquide à haute performance et par chromatographie sur couche mince d'argentation. La répartition des acides gras sur les positions interne et externes du glycérol a été déterminée par hydrolyse enzymatique par la lipase pancréatique de porc, permettant de préciser les proportions des différentes espèces moléculaires de triacylglycerols. L'étude des composes triterpéniques de la fraction insaponifiable a conduit, grâce à la combinaison de plusieurs techniques chromatographiques (chromatographie liquide à haute performance, chromatographie sur couche mince d'argentation) à l'isolement de six alcools triterpéniques, quatre méthylsterols et six stérols qui ont été identifiés sans ambigüité par résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton. La filière biogénétique probable suivie par ces différents composés a été également proposée dans ce travail
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5

Zunker, Katy. „Untersuchungen zur Allergenität der Mango und der Litchi“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/563/Disse.pdf.

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6

Somboonkaew, Nettra. „Physiological and biochemical changes in imported litchi fruit“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4463.

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It is important to determine the appropriate conditions for maintaining postharvest quality of litchi fruit after arrival from overseas markets. The present study, therefore, aimed to detail the effects of different storage conditions on physiological and biochemical changes in aril and pericarp tissues of imported litchi fruit. Results from Chapter 4 were the first to fully detail the alterations of individual sugars, organic acids and total phenols in aril and individual anthocyanins in pericarp tissue as well as physiological changes under different storage temperatures in three cropping seasons. Results clearly demonstrated that higher concentrations of sucrose, malic, tartaric and total phenolic contents were maintained at 5°C in aril and higher anthocyanins and total phenolic concentrations in pericarp during 13 days as compared with 8, 10, 13 and 20°C storage. Fruit treated at 5°C also had lower weight loss, brighter red pericarp colour and higher total soluble solids as compared against those fruit stored in other temperatures. A temperature of 5°C was therefore proposed for litchi distribution and storage, and acted as the basis of this study. Relative humidity (RH) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in a storage environment are also important parameters affecting postharvest life. A new system using different glycerol solutions was employed to achieve defined RH levels in the present study. Although effects of RH on postharvest changes in litchi fruit have been described in previous works, the recent study is the first report detailing the effects of different and controlled VPD on litchi postharvest alterations. Low VPD was required to maintain quality of imported litchi during 9 days storage. In addition to reducing both weight loss and respiration rate, storage at 95-100 %RH and 5°C (VPD = 0.000-0.084 kPa) successfully remained high levels of sucrose and malic acid content in aril, and tartaric acid, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and mannose in pericarp tissue. It was therefore recommended that storage conditions for litchi should not only focus on maintenance of the cool chain, but should also consider controlling a VPD of ≤0.068 kPa to attain improved conservation of visual appearance. Appropriate use of packaging materials can prolong shelf-life of assorted fruit and vegetables including litchi fruit. Imported litchi fruit were wrapped with either micro-perforated polypropylene (PP), PropaFreshTM PFAM (PF), NatureFlexTM NVS, CellophaneTM WS or kept unwrapped prior to storage at 13°C for 9 days. Predictably, packed fruit retained better quality during storage as compared with unwrapped fruit. Each film tested resulted in an altered gas composition in the packages and thus affected postharvest quality. PF significantly decreased hydrolysis of sucrose in aril and retained higher cyanidin 3-rutinoside levels in pericarp. PF film also limited fruit weight loss and maintained sugar and organic acids concentration in both aril and pericarp. Exogenous application of certain chemicals after harvest has been commercially used to control browning in litchi for many years. However, off-flavours may results and could potentially impact on consumer safety. These possible effects have enhanced demand for non-adulterated fruit on the market. Postharvest changes in pericarp and aril of non-adulterated and commercially-treated fruit as influenced by packaging films under different temperatures were detailed. Although commercially-treated fruit had higher aril organic acids and pericarp anthocyanins, sucrose hydrolysis in aril tissue was accelerated. The use of PF film at 5°C maintained higher sucrose and malic contents in aril tissue of non-adulterated and commercial litchi during 11 days as compared with unwrapped or PP regimes or 13°C storage. Results suggested that PF could replace PP as a new active film for the litchi industry and be a substitute for chemical treatment to maintain quality of litchi fruit.
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Aguila, Juan Saavedra del. „Conservação pós-colheita de lichia (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10032009-102132/.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar e avaliar as respostas físico-químicas, fisiológicas, bioquímicas e sensoriais associadas às técnicas de conservação pós-colheita de lichia, sendo que para isso foram realizados seis experimentos. No primeiro experimento, foi estudado o efeito da temperatura de armazenamento (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20ºC) em lichias Bengal por 15 dias. A taxa respiratória e a produção de etileno foram significativamente influenciadas pela temperatura de armazenamento, sendo que o aumento da temperatura ocasionou maiores perdas de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix), ácido ascórbico e aparência. Conclui-se que as temperaturas de 0ºC e 5ºC são as mais indicadas para a conservação de lichia durante 15 dias, nas condições do presente experimento. No segundo experimento, avaliaram-se embalagens de filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC) (12, 14 e 17 m de espessura); filmes plásticos de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 10 e 20 m; filmes plásticos de polipropileno (PP) de 0,06 e 10 m; e embalagens de tereftalato de polietileno (PET), em lichias Bengal armazenadas a 5ºC e 90% UR por 15 dias. Os filmes PP de 0,06 e 10 µm, assim como os filmes PEBD de 10 e 20 µm, apresentaram reduções drásticas dos teores de O2 e aumentos significativos de CO2. Para as condições deste trabalho conclui-se que os filmes de policloreto de vinila (PVC) de 12, 14 e 17 µm e a embalagem de tereftalato de polietileno (PET) são os melhores filmes ou embalagens para o armazenamento de lichias a 5ºC durante 15 dias. No terceiro experimento foi estudado o efeito da aplicação de diferentes antioxidantes na conservação de lichias Bengal armazenadas a 5ºC e 90% UR por 15 dias. Verificou-se que o tratamento com ácido cítrico reduz a taxa respiratória de lichia durante o armazenamento a 5oC. Entretanto, nenhum dos antioxidantes testados foi eficiente para minimizar o escurecimento do pericarpo das lichias durante o armazenamento refrigerado. O quarto experimento avaliou o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) sobre lichias Bengal armazenadas a 5ºC e 90% UR por 15 dias. Conclui-se que o cloreto de cálcio reduz a taxa respiratória de lichias armazenadas a 5oC, mas não é eficiente para minimizar a perda da coloração vermelha do pericarpo destes frutos durante o armazenamento refrigerado. No quinto experimento foi estudado o efeito da aplicação de diferentes recobrimentos na qualidade de lichias Bengal armazenadas a 5ºC e 90% UR por 15 dias. Conclui-se que nenhum dos recobrimentos ou ceras testados minimizou a perda de qualidade de lichias armazenadas a 5ºC por 15 dias. O sexto experimento avaliou diferentes tempos e temperaturas de resfriamento rápido com água em lichias B3 por 10 dias. Nas condições deste experimento, conclui-se que o pré-resfriamento da lichia com água auxilia na minimização da perda de qualidade destes frutos, mas favorece o surgimento de altos índices de podridões.
The purpose of the present work was carried out with the objective to determine and to evaluate the physicochemical, physiological, biochemical and sensorial answers associated to the techniques of postharvest lychee conservation, and for that six experiments were evaluated. In the first experiment, the effect of the storage temperature (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20ºC) was evaluated in lychees \'Bengal\' for 15 days. The respiratory rate and ethylene production were influenced significantly by the storage temperature, and the increase of the storage temperature caused more losses of soluble solids (ºBrix), ascorbic acid and appearance. Temperatures of 0 and 5ºC are recommended for lychee conservation for 15 days, in the conditions of the present experiment. In a second experiment, packages of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films (12, 14 and 17 m thickness) were evaluated; low density polyethylene (LDPE) films of 10 and 20 m; polypropylene (PP) plastics films of 0,06 and 10 m; and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages, in lychee \'Bengal\' stored at 5ºC and 90% RH during 15 days. The films PP 0,06 and 10 µm, as well as the films PEBD 10 and 20 µm, presented drastic reductions of the tenors of O2 and significant increases of CO2. For the conditions of this work it was concluded that the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films of 12, 14 and 17 µm and the packing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are the best films or packages for the lychee \'Bengal\' storage at 5ºC for 15 days. The third experiment studied the effect of the application of different antioxidants in the conservation of lychees \'Bengal\' stored at 5ºC and 90% HR during 15 days. It was verified that the treatment with citric acid reduces the respiratory rate of lychee during the storage at 5ºC. However, none of the tested antioxidants was efficient to minimize the pericarp browning of the lychees during the cold stored. The fourth experiment evaluated the effect of the application of different concentrations of chloride of calcium (CaCl2) on lychees \'Bengal\' stored at 5ºC and 90% HR during 15 days. It was concluded that the chloride of calcium reduces the respiratory rate of lychees stored at 5ºC, but it is not efficient to minimize the red coloration pericarp loss of these fruits during the cold stored. In the fifth experiment it was studied the effect of the application of different coatings in the lychees \'Bengal\' quality stored at 5ºC and 90% HR during 15 days. It was concluded that none of the coatings or waxes tested minimized the of lychess quality loss stored at 5ºC during 15 days. The sixth experiment evaluated different times and temperatures of hydrocooling in lychees \'B3\' for 10 days. In the conditions of this experiment, it was concluded that the hydrocooling of the lychee aids in the minimization of the loss of fruit quality, but it favors the appearance of high indexes of rottenness.
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Bryant, Philippa. „Optimising the Postharvest Management Of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) - A Study of Mechanical Injury and Desiccation“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/629.

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The major objective of the research was to improve lychee postharvest management, through a greater understanding of mechanical injury and moisture loss. Mechanical injury is a known cause of postharvest loss in lychee, but previously published information has been limited to broad observations. In this study, the symptoms of mechanical damage in lychee were defined, including quantitative measurement of colour changes. Impact injury caused protuberance tip darkening, cracking of the pericarp and significant changes in skin colour. Compression also typically caused tip darkening, and severe loads were capable of puncture, shape distortion and skin cracking. Abrasion and vibration injuries were characterised by strong yellowing of pericarp colour, possibly due to the leakage of cell contents onto the fruit surface. Vibration also caused significant darkening and loss of colour saturation. Vibration has not previously been mentioned as an issue in lychee postharvest management, but appeared to be as important a problem as desiccation browning at the wholesale level, both in incidence and severity. Mechanically damaged fruit consistently showed increased ethylene and carbon dioxide synthesis, and moisture loss was increased by up to 30%. Some significant changes in skin biochemistry and cuticle properties were also detected. The study of damaged tissue by SEM revealed distinctive patterns of surface tissue disruption. Open pericarp cracking was a particularly detrimental injury, causing significantly increased electrolyte leakage and rapid pathogen development. The effects of load characteristics, such as magnitude, method of application, site, repetition and cushioning, on the extent of damage were defined. Fruit characteristics such as cultivar, gross morphology, temperature, hydration and surface wetness were shown to significantly affect damage levels. Small seed size was correlated with increased cracking susceptibility. Fruit surface wetness exacerbated vibration or abrasion damage. Turgid fruit were less susceptible to vibration and abrasion damage, but showed increased susceptibility to impact cracking. Previously neglected aspects of desiccation browning research were studied, including cultivar and maturity effects, sites of moisture loss and the role of air currents. Cultivar effects on moisture loss were obscured by pre-harvest factors, but consistent cultivar differences were detected in desiccation browning, possibly related to skin thickness. In contrast, maturity levels over a marketable range had little effect on weight loss or browning. Moisture was lost fairly evenly over the fruit surface, but poor postharvest handling appeared to massively increase loss from the protuberance tips. Moisture loss was shown to substantially increase ethylene synthesis. The crucial role of air currents in exacerbating lychee moisture loss was emphasised, and the relationship between air speed and weight loss was defined. The research contributed to a greater understanding of the processes of mechanical damage and moisture loss in lychee, leading to improved protocols for the postharvest management of the fruit. Improved management of mechanical damage and moisture loss will ultimately improve fruit quality and reduce postharvest losses, hence increasing returns to industry.
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Bryant, Philippa. „Optimising the Postharvest Management Of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) � A Study of Mechanical Injury and Desiccation“. University of Sydney. Crop Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/629.

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The major objective of the research was to improve lychee postharvest management, through a greater understanding of mechanical injury and moisture loss. Mechanical injury is a known cause of postharvest loss in lychee, but previously published information has been limited to broad observations. In this study, the symptoms of mechanical damage in lychee were defined, including quantitative measurement of colour changes. Impact injury caused protuberance tip darkening, cracking of the pericarp and significant changes in skin colour. Compression also typically caused tip darkening, and severe loads were capable of puncture, shape distortion and skin cracking. Abrasion and vibration injuries were characterised by strong yellowing of pericarp colour, possibly due to the leakage of cell contents onto the fruit surface. Vibration also caused significant darkening and loss of colour saturation. Vibration has not previously been mentioned as an issue in lychee postharvest management, but appeared to be as important a problem as desiccation browning at the wholesale level, both in incidence and severity. Mechanically damaged fruit consistently showed increased ethylene and carbon dioxide synthesis, and moisture loss was increased by up to 30%. Some significant changes in skin biochemistry and cuticle properties were also detected. The study of damaged tissue by SEM revealed distinctive patterns of surface tissue disruption. Open pericarp cracking was a particularly detrimental injury, causing significantly increased electrolyte leakage and rapid pathogen development. The effects of load characteristics, such as magnitude, method of application, site, repetition and cushioning, on the extent of damage were defined. Fruit characteristics such as cultivar, gross morphology, temperature, hydration and surface wetness were shown to significantly affect damage levels. Small seed size was correlated with increased cracking susceptibility. Fruit surface wetness exacerbated vibration or abrasion damage. Turgid fruit were less susceptible to vibration and abrasion damage, but showed increased susceptibility to impact cracking. Previously neglected aspects of desiccation browning research were studied, including cultivar and maturity effects, sites of moisture loss and the role of air currents. Cultivar effects on moisture loss were obscured by pre-harvest factors, but consistent cultivar differences were detected in desiccation browning, possibly related to skin thickness. In contrast, maturity levels over a marketable range had little effect on weight loss or browning. Moisture was lost fairly evenly over the fruit surface, but poor postharvest handling appeared to massively increase loss from the protuberance tips. Moisture loss was shown to substantially increase ethylene synthesis. The crucial role of air currents in exacerbating lychee moisture loss was emphasised, and the relationship between air speed and weight loss was defined. The research contributed to a greater understanding of the processes of mechanical damage and moisture loss in lychee, leading to improved protocols for the postharvest management of the fruit. Improved management of mechanical damage and moisture loss will ultimately improve fruit quality and reduce postharvest losses, hence increasing returns to industry.
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Costes, Evelyne. „Analyse architecturale et modélisation du litchi, Litchi chinensis Sonn. contribution à l'étude de son irrégularité de production à l'île de La Réunion /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612759n.

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Bücher zum Thema "Litcrit"

1

Saúco, Victor Galán. Litchi cultivation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1989.

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Dingyu, Chen, Hrsg. Li zhi pu: Wai shi si zhong. Fuzhou Shi: Fujian ren min chu ban she, 2004.

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Shumei, Huang, Hrsg. Li dai li zhi pu jiao zhu. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo nong ye chu ban she, 2008.

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Rindermann, Rita Schwentesius. El litchi, la fruta más fina del mundo: Mercado mundial y perspectivas para México. Chapingo, México: Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Sociales y Tecnológicas de la Agroindustria y la Agricultura Mundial (CIESTAAM), UACh, 1997.

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Menzel, C. M., und G. K. Waite, Hrsg. Litchi and longan: botany, production and uses. Wallingford: CABI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851996967.0000.

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M, Menzel C., und Waite G. K, Hrsg. Litchi and longan: Botany, production, and uses. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI Pub., 2005.

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International, Symposium on Litchi and Longan (1st 2000 Guangzhou China). Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Litchi and Longan: Guangzhou, China, 16-19 June, 2000. Leuven: ISHS, International Society for Horticultural Science, 2001.

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International Symposium on Litchi and Longan (1st 2000 Guangzhou, China). Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Litchi and Longan: Guangzhou, China, 16-19 June, 2000. Herausgegeben von Huang Huibai, Menzel C. M und International Society for Horticultural Science. Commission for Tropical and Subtropical Horticulture. Leuven: ISHS, International Society for Horticultural Science, 2001.

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International Symposium on Lychee, Longan, Rambutan and other Sapindaceae Plants (2nd 2003 Chiang Mai, Thailand). Proceedings of the IInd International Symposium on Lychee, Longan, Rambutan and other Sapindaceae Plants. Herausgegeben von Chomchallow N, Sukvibul N, Anupunt P und International Society for Horticultural Science. Section Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. Leuven, Belgium: International Society for Horticultural Science, 2005.

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Song dai jing ji pu lu. Lanzhou: Gansu ren min chu ban she, 2008.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Litcrit"

1

Narayana, C. K. „Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)“. In Phytochemicals in Fruits and their Therapeutic Properties, 116–19. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003245292-22.

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Kumar, Rajesh. „Litchi“. In Abiotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops, 235–66. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2725-0_14.

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Jiang, Yueming. „Litchi“. In Postharvest Physiological Disorders in Fruits and Vegetables, 435–42. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22001-20.

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Singh, Sanjay Kumar, E. S. Marboh und Vishal Nath. „Litchi“. In Fruit and Nut Crops, 1–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1586-6_12-1.

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Shafiee, Maeena Naman, Tehmeena Ahad, Amir Gull, Rubiya Rashid, Sajad Ahmad Mir, Tariq Ahmad Ganaie, Sajad Mohd Wani und F. A. Masoodi. „Litchi“. In Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits, 563–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7285-2_29.

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Parthasarathy, S., P. Lakshmidevi, P. Yashodha und C. Gopalakrishnan. „Litchi“. In Pests and Diseases in Fruit Crops, 139–43. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003504146-12.

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Cronje, Regina Barbara, Houbin Chen, Huicong Wang, Biyan Zhou, Zhenxian Wu, Lixian Yao, Zhouyan Hu, Wene Qi, Jidong Xian und Debashis Mandal. „Litchi“. In Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Crops, 419–558. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305033-7.

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Bhalla-Sarin, Neera, U. S. Prasad, A. S. Kantharajah und S. Mohan Jain. „MICROPROPAGATION OF LITCHI (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)“. In Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits, 721–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0125-0_24.

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Lim, T. K. „Litchi chinensis“. In Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants, 45–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5628-1_9.

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Jiang, Yueming, Haiyan Gao und Mingwei Zhang. „Lychee (Litchi)“. In Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 241–58. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch13.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Litcrit"

1

Beck, Tyler. „LitCoin: A new "currency" for scientific research“. In 46th SSP Annual Meeting. ScienceOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/s2199-ssp-am24-01004.

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Bari, Md Shafiqul, Farhana Mim und Md Manik Ali. „Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration Capacities Across Varied Forest Types: An Empirical Study in Northern Part of Bangladesh“. In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.43.

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The aim of this study was to assess the ability of several distinct forestry systems in Bangladesh's northern region to sequester carbon. Three different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) were covered by the experiments: AEZ 1 (Old Himalayan piedmont plain), AEZ 3 (Tista meander flood plain), and AEZ 25 (Level barind tract). Experimental plots with three replications were randomly selected from each AEZ using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Factor A, which represented five forestry models (Shal forest, social forest, eucalyptus cropland-based agroforestry, and mango and litchi orchard-based agroforestry systems), and Factor B, which represented the three aforementioned AEZs. To determine the total biomass accumulation, undergrowth vegetation (including herbs, shrubs, and crops) and tree growth parameters, like height and diameter at breast height (DBH), were studied. In terms of parameters like tree height, DBH, tree density, understory vegetation, and carbon sequestration in both trees and soil, the results showed significant differences across forestry systems. Notably, the Litchi orchard-based agroforestry system sequestered the least carbon, at 67.82 t/ha, whereas the Shal forest system did so at a rate of 2310.04 t/ha. Regarding the AEZs, AEZ 25 had the highest potential for sequestering carbon, measuring 644.98 t/ha, while AEZ 1 had the lowest potential, measuring 503.21 t/ha. Variability in carbon sequestration was also revealed by the interaction between AEZs and forestry systems. The Shal forest system and AEZ 3 were found to have the highest capacity at 2661.09 t/ha, while AEZ 1 and the Litchi orchards-based agroforestry system had the lowest capacity at 66.09 t/ha. In conclusion, the Shal forestry system demonstrated the highest capacity for conserving carbon and is, therefore, a promising strategy for reducing atmospheric carbon in the area. AEZ 25 demonstrated the best capacity for carbon sequestration of all the AEZs examined. Additionally, at $115,502/ha, the Shal forestry system provided the highest economic return on carbon sequestration. These findings suggest that the Shal forestry system should be given importance in Bangladesh's northern region for ecological reasons. Additionally, to balance carbon sequestration capacities between the zones, strategic tree planting programs should be implemented in AEZs 1 and 3.
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Wang, Chongyang, Zhiping Peng, Wei Liu, Shuisen Chen, Dan Li und Siyu Huang. „Estimation the leaf phosphorus concentration of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) at different growth stages by canopy reflectance“. In 2015 Fourth International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2015.7248101.

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Wei Baoyao, Huang Li, Teng Jianwen und Jia Min. „Chemical compositional characterization of ten litchi cultivars“. In 2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icae.2011.5943958.

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Liu, Tian-Hu, Xiang-Rong Zeng und Zhi-Hong Ke. „Design and Prototyping a Harvester for Litchi Picking“. In 2011 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2011.302.

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Zhao, X. F., X. Y. Chang, S. M. Fu und H. Liu. „Characteristic Elements of Litchi in Zengcheng City Guangdong Province“. In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517257.

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Dahiya, Mansi, Guru Prasad M S, Tanmay Anand, Khushi Kumar, Sparsh Bansal und Naveen Kumar H N. „An Effective Detection of Litchi Disease using Deep Learning“. In 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307717.

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Banerjee, Deepak, Vinay Kukreja, Sushant Chamoli und Ashish Garg. „Hybrid Modeling for Litchi Rust Disease Integral Phase Prediction“. In 2024 11th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spin60856.2024.10512222.

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Jun Li, Hua zhong Lu, Zhou Yang und En li Lü. „Orchard Facilities and Equipment for Litchi and Longan in China“. In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37402.

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Xu, Fengying, Guolong Liu, Xiangjun Zou, Zhen Chen und Ce Xu. „Dynamic Simulation of Litchi Fruit Flexible Manipulator in Picking Process“. In 2011 Second International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2011.351.

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