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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Liquid miscibility gap“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Liquid miscibility gap"
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Janovszky, Dóra, und Kinga Tomolya. „Designing Amorphous/Crystalline Composites by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation“. Materials Science Forum 790-791 (Mai 2014): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.473.
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The Cu-Zr-Ag system is characterized by a miscibility gap. The liquid separates into Ag-rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. Yttrium was added to the Cu-Zr-Ag and Cu-Zr-Ag-Al systems and its influence on liquid immiscibility was studied. This alloying element has been chosen to check the effect of the heat of mixing between silver and the given element. In the case of Ag-Y system it is highly negative (-29 kJ/mol). The liquid becomes immiscible in the Cu-Zr-Ag-Y system. To the effect of Y addition the quaternary liquid decomposed into Ag-Y rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. The Y addition increased the field of miscibility gap. An amorphous/crystalline composite with 6 mm thickness has been successfully produced by liquid-liquid separation based on preliminary calculation of its composition. The matrix was Cu38Zr48Al6Ag8 and the crystalline phases were Ag-Y rich separate spherical droplets.
2
Hong, S. Y., W. H. Guo und H. W. Kui. „Metastable liquid miscibility gap in Pd–Si and its glass-forming ability: Part III“. Journal of Materials Research 14, Nr. 9 (September 1999): 3668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0495.
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The metastable liquid miscibility gap of Pd–Si is determined structurally. The glass-forming ability of Pd–Si is then discussed in the light of the metastable liquid miscibility gap. Analysis indicates that it does not favor the formation of glass.
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Wang, Zhong Yuan, Jie He, Bai Jun Yang, Hong Xiang Jiang, Jiu Zhou Zhao, Tong Min Wang und Hong Ri Hao. „Liquid Phase Separation and Dual Glassy Structure Formation of Designed Zr-Ce-Co-Cu Alloys“. Materials Science Forum 849 (März 2016): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.100.
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Development of liquid-phase separated bulk metallic glasses is retarded due to difficulties in finding of immiscible systems with high glass-forming ability (GFA) of coexistent liquids. Zr-Ce alloy is a typical liquid immiscible system characterized by a liquid miscibility gap. We added Co and Cu into the Zr-Ce immiscible system and optimized the composition of the designed Zr-Ce-Co-Cu immiscible alloys. The solidification experiments were carried out for the quaternary alloys. The result indicates that the melt separated into ZrCo-rich and CeCu-rich liquids upon cooling through the miscibility gap. By optimizing the relative atomic ratio of Co:Cu, the coexistent ZrCo-rich and CeCu-rich liquids automatically assembled eutectic compositions during the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Under the condition of fast quenching, the two liquids subsequently undergo liquid-to-glass transition, resulting in the formation of composite structure with two glasses in the samples. We successfully developed phased-separated metallic glasses based on the Zr-Ce-Co-Cu immiscible alloys. This work not only strengthens the understanding in the LLPS but also provides a new strategy on the design of the dual glassy composites.
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Plevachuk, Yu, V. Filippov, V. Kononenko, P. Popel, A. Rjabina, V. Sidorov und V. Sklyarchuk. „Investigation of the miscibility gap region in liquid Ga–Pb alloys“. International Journal of Materials Research 94, Nr. 9 (01.09.2003): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2003-0187.
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Abstract The miscibility gap of the Ga–Pb system has been investigated by different experimental methods and techniques. Viscosity, acoustic and electrical conductivity measurements were carried out through the entire immiscibility region. Possible reasons of revealed discrepancies in the absolute values of the phase separation temperatures are discussed in relation with peculiarities of the experimental methods employed. The shape of the miscibility gap has been analysed.
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Sun, Xiao Jun, Jie He und Jiu Zhou Zhao. „Microstructure Formation and Nanoindentation Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Cu-Fe-Zr Immiscible Alloys“. Materials Science Forum 993 (Mai 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.39.
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The binary Cu-Fe system is characterized by a metastable liquid miscibility gap. WhenZr is added into the Cu-Fe alloy, the miscibility gap can be extended into Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system. In the present study Cu-Fe-Zr alloys were prepared by single-roller melting-spinning method, and the samples were characterized by the SEM, EDS, HRTEM and nanoidentation. The results show that liquid-liquid phase separation into CuZr-rich and FeZr-rich liquids takes place during rapid cooling the Cu-Fe-Zr alloy, and the mechanism depends on the atomic ratio of Cu to Fe. With increasing Zr content, the size of secondary phase formed by the liquid-liquid phase separation reduces to nanoscale. The structure with amorphous Cu-rich nanoparticles embedded in the amorphous Fe-rich matrix was obtained in the as-quenched Cu20Fe20Zr60 alloy. For its structure particularity of the Cu20Fe20Zr60 sample, mechanical evaluation was carried out by using nanoindentation.
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Plevachuk, Yu, V. Didoukh und B. Sokolovskii. „The miscibility gap region in liquid ternary alloys“. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 250-252 (August 1999): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(99)00257-4.
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Leshchenko, Egor D., und Jonas Johansson. „Surface energy driven miscibility gap suppression during nucleation of III–V ternary alloys“. CrystEngComm 23, Nr. 31 (2021): 5284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ce00743b.
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Tang, C., Y. Du, H. Xu, S. Hao und L. Zhang. „Study on the nonexistence of liquid miscibility gap in the Ce-Mn system“. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 43, Nr. 1 (2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0701021t.
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To ascertain whether the liquid miscibility gap exists in the Ce-Mn system, 3 key alloys are prepared by arc melting the pure elements, annealed at specified temperature for 20 minutes, quenched in ice water and then subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for phase identification and to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis for microstructure observation and composition analysis. The XRD examination indicated that terminal solutions based on Ce and Mn exist in the water-quenched alloys. No compound was detected. Microstructure observation and composition analysis indicate the nonexistence of the liquid miscibility gap. The newly assessed Ce-Mn phase diagram was presented. .
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Shim, Jae-Hyeok, Hyung-Nae Lee, Heon Phil Ha, Young Whan Cho und Eui-Pak Yoon. „Liquid miscibility gap in the Al–Pb–Sn system“. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 327, Nr. 1-2 (August 2001): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(01)01426-8.
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10
Plevachuk, Yu, V. Didoukh und B. Sokolovskii. „The miscibility gap region in liquid metal-chalcogen alloys“. Journal of Molecular Liquids 93, Nr. 1-3 (September 2001): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7322(01)00234-3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Liquid miscibility gap"
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Brunel, Alan. „Propriétés thermodynamiques et thermophysiques des liquides à haute température : applications aux combustibles nucléaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS426.
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Lors d’un accident grave impliquant la fusion du cœur d’un réacteur nucléaire à eau pressurisée, le combustible nucléaire va réagir avec la gaine en zircalloy qui l’enrobe et les matériaux de structure présents dans le cœur pour former un magma à haute température appelé corium. Suivant sa composition et sa température, le corium peut se stratifier dû à la présence d’un liquide métallique et d’un liquide oxyde non-miscibles. Selon la configuration de cette stratification, une concentration du flux de chaleur peut avoir lieu sur la paroi de la cuve, menaçant son intégrité et risquant un écoulement du corium hors de celle-ci. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’obtenir des données thermodynamiques et thermophysiques sur un corium prototypique, le système U-Zr-Fe-O. Les données thermodynamiques recueillies dans cette thèse sont liées à la définition de la lacune de miscibilité liquide et à la composition des liquides dans le système U-Zr-Fe-O et de ses sous-systèmes, en fonction de la composition et de la température. Des compositions d’intérêt sont sélectionnées suite à des calculs thermodynamiques réalisés par la méthode CALPHAD grâce à la base de données TAF-ID V13. Les échantillons relatifs à ces compositions ont subi des traitements thermiques et des analyses post-opératoires afin de mesurer les compositions des liquides et de les comparer aux calculs thermodynamiques. Une lacune de miscibilité liquide riche en fer et une autre riche en zirconium ont été mises en évidence dans le système Fe-Zr-O. Alors que les données obtenues sur la première lacune à 1990 °C et 2614 °C montrent un bon accord entre le calcul et l’expérience, les mesures sur la lacune riche en zirconium à 2420 °C et 2650 °C indiquent que le modèle sous-estime la quantité de zirconium dans le liquide métallique et, à l’inverse, la surestime dans le liquide oxyde. Les études réalisées sur le système UO2-Zr-Fe à 2423 °C montrent que la présence de la lacune de miscibilité liquide et la composition des liquides dépendent grandement de la quantité de fer dans le système, du rapport U/Zr et du degré d’oxydation du corium. De plus, le modèle tend à sous-estimer la fraction molaire de zirconium dans le liquide métallique au profit du fer, et à la surestimer dans le liquide oxyde. Enfin, le modèle sous-estime grandement la solubilité de l’oxygène dans le liquide métallique. L’obtention de données thermophysiques a pu être réalisée grâce à l’amélioration du banc expérimental ATTILHA, rendant possible l’étude de liquides sensibles à l’oxygène ou radioactifs à hautes températures via un chauffage laser. Ce banc a permis de mesurer des valeurs expérimentales de température de liquidus et de transition eutectique sur le système Zr-O dans le domaine riche en oxygène. De plus, le développement de la lévitation aérodynamique sur ce banc permit l’étude de la masse volumique de liquides Zr-Fe2O3 et Zr-UO2 entre 1884 °C et 2268 °C pour différentes fractions molaires de zirconium. Les résultats de masse volumique des liquides Zr-Fe2O3 ont permis d’affiner des mesures de tension de surface réalisées sur le banc VITI-MBP au CEA Cadarache. Ces mesures confirmèrent les propriétés surfactantes de l’oxygène sur ces liquides. Les données expérimentales recueillies durant cette thèse pourront servir à alimenter les codes de calcul afin de mieux prédire le comportement du corium et le déroulement des accidents gravesDuring a severe accident involving the meltdown of the core of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, the nuclear fuel will react with the zircalloy cladding around it and the structural materials of the core to make a high temperature magma called corium. Depending on its composition and its temperature, the corium can stratify because of two non-miscible metallic and oxidic liquids. For some stratification configurations, the heat flow can focus on the vessel’s wall, threatening its integrity with a corium flowing outside of it. The aim of this thesis is to collect thermodynamic and thermophysic data on a prototypical corium, the U-Zr-Fe-O system. The thermodynamic data collected in this thesis are related to the definition of the liquid miscibility gap and the compositions of the liquids in the U-Zr-Fe-O system and its sub-systems, depending on the composition and the temperature. Compositions of interest were selected after performing thermodynamic calculation by the CALPHAD method with the TAF-ID V13 database. The corresponding samples underwent heat treatments and post-treatment analyses to measure the compositions of the liquids and to compare them to thermodynamic calculations. An iron rich liquid miscibility gap and a zirconium rich one were highlighted in the Fe-Zr-O system. Although calculations were in agreement with data from the first miscibility gap at 1990 °C, measurements in the zirconium rich miscibility gap at 2420 °C and 2650 °C reveal an underestimation of the zirconium quantity in the metallic liquid and its overestimation in the oxidic liquid by the model. Studies on the UO2-Zr-Fe system at 2423 °C show that the liquid miscibility gap definition and the compositions of the liquids depend on the quantity of iron in the system, the U/Zr ratio and corium oxidation degree. Furthermore, the zirconium molar fraction is underestimated by the model in the metallic liquid to the benefit of iron, and is overestimated in the oxidic liquid. Finally, the oxygen solubility in the metallic liquid is underestimated by the model. Thermophysic data were collected thanks to the improvement of the ATTILHA experimental setup, allowing the study of oxygen sensitive or radioactive liquids at high temperature by using a laser heating. Experimental values on liquidus and eutectic transformation temperatures of the oxygen-rich domain of the Zr-O system were acquired with this setup. Furthermore, the development of the aerodynamic levitation allows us the investigation liquids’densities for the Zr-Fe2O3 and the Zr-UO2 systems between 1884 °C and 2268 °C for different zirconium molar fractions. Densities of liquids from the Zr-Fe2O3 system were used to refine surface tension values acquired on the VITI-MBP setup at CEA Cadarache. These values confirmed the surfacting properties of the oxygen on these liquids. The experimental data collected during this thesis will be used to feed the databases and to improve the forecast of the corium’s behavior during a severe accident
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Kim, Sung Sik. „Calculations of subliquidus miscibility gaps in silicate and borate systems“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10116.
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3
„metastable liquid state miscibility gap in undercooled Pd-ni-P melts“. 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549028.
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在近期的研究結果中, 相分離被發現發生在具非晶結構的Pd₄₁.₂₅Ni₄₁.₂₅P₁₇.₅合金，而該合金的構成元素之間的有負值的混合焓。通過高分辨率透射電子顯微鏡的直接成像的方法，他們為Pd-Ni-P非晶系統相分離的發生提供了證據。在這篇論文所論述的研究工作中，我們運用類似的技術來研究Pḍ₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}Nị₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}P₂₀₋{U+2093}的合金系統從 x = 0到3.5的非晶相分離。
實驗結果顯示，任何在空氣中冷卻到578 K再在613K退火一小時的樣品 (乙類樣本)，非晶相分離都沒有發生。然而，在613K退火一小時而沒有經過578K和613K溫度範圍的Pḍ₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}Nị₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}P₂₀₋{U+2093}大塊非晶金屬(丙類樣本)，卻在部分成分範圍中發生相分離。在丙類樣本中，當x>1，相分離發生；而當x≤1，相分離沒有發生。通過量度高角環形暗場影像中顯示的兩個相的平均波長，我們可得出其統計結果，而該統計結果與槓桿規則吻合。從此可見，在過冷的Pd-Ni-P熔合合金中存在著亞穩液態混溶間隙。並且這種出現在有負值混合焓的系統的亞穩液態混溶間隙，可以以短程有序的模型來解釋。
Recently, the phase separation was found in the system of amorphous Pd₄₁.₂₅Ni₄₁.₂₅P₁₇.₅ alloys which has negative heat of mixing among the constituent elements. In their work, the directly imaging method by technique of high resolution TEM provided the evidence of phase separation in amorphous Pd-Ni-P system.
In this work, by applying the similar technique of that previous studies, the alloy systems of Pḍ₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}Nị₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}P₂₀₋{U+2093} for x = 0 to 3.5were studied for amorphous phase separation.
The experimental result showed that for any sample which was allowed to cool down in air to 578 K before thermal annealing (B-type), there was no amorphous phase separation. But for the Pḍ₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}Nị₄₀₊₀₅{U+2093}P₂₀₋{U+2093} BMG that was annealed at 613K for one hour without bypassing the temperature range between 578K and 613K (C-type), phase separation occurred with x>1 but absented when x≤1. The result of average wavelength measurement of the two phases in the HAADF images of the sample with phase separation obeyed the lever rule. This result suggested that in undercooled molten Pd-Ni-P alloys, there is a metastable liquid state miscibility gap. The formation of such miscibility gap in a system with negative heat of mixing can be explained by the model of unique short range orders.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Lau, Man Tat = 過冷鈀、鎳、磷熔化物中的亞穩液態互溶間隙 / 劉文達.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Lau, Man Tat = Guo leng ba, nie, lin rong hua wu zhong de ya wen ye tai hu rong jian xi / Liu Wenda.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iv
List of Tables --- p.vii
List of Figures --- p.viii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- : Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Amorphous metal --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Phase Separation --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Nucleation --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Spinodal Decomposition --- p.10
Chapter 1.5 --- Objective of the project --- p.16
Figures --- p.18
References --- p.26
Chapter Chapter 2 --- : Experiment --- p.27
Chapter 2.1 --- Preparation of sample --- p.27
Chapter 2.2 --- Differential scanning calorimetry --- p.30
Chapter 2.3 --- Preparation of TEM sample --- p.31
Chapter 2.4 --- Microstructural analysis --- p.33
Figures --- p.36
References --- p.39
Chapter Chapter 3 --- : A metastable liquid state miscibility gap in undercooled Pd-Ni-P melts --- p.40
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.40
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and experimental --- p.41
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.44
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussions --- p.49
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.52
Table --- p.53
Figures --- p.54
References --- p.75
Bücher zum Thema "Liquid miscibility gap"
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Ratke, L., H. Frederikson, G. Ibe und B. Prinz. Systems With a Liquid Miscibility Gap: Proceedings of an International Workshop Held in October 1992. Dgm Metallurgy Information, 1995.
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1
Predel, B., L. Ratke und H. Fredriksson. „Systems with a Miscibility Gap in the Liquid State“. In Fluid Sciences and Materials Science in Space, 517–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46613-7_15.
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2
Feuerbacher, Berndt, Hans Hamacher und Robert J. Naumann. „Binary Systems with Miscibility Gap in the Liquid State“. In Materials Sciences in Space, 343–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82761-7_14.
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3
Wang, Frederick E. „Miscibility Gap Between Two Liquid Metals“. In Bonding Theory for Metals and Alloys, 1–4. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64201-1.00001-4.
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Wang, Frederick E. „Miscibility Gap (MG) Between Two Liquid Metals“. In Bonding Theory for Metals and Alloys, 9–11. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451978-8/50004-0.
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5
Williams, R. J. P., und J. J. R. Frausto Da Silva. „Equilibria in dilute solutions in water“. In The Natural Selection of the Chemical Elements, 148–91. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198558439.003.0005.
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Abstract In Chapter 3 we have shown that, on bringing together volumes of two different ideal gases, A and B, they form a homogeneous mixture, which, at equilibrium, is totally randomised, that is, disordered. We also referred to the possibilities of weak interactions between A and B, which give deviations from perfect or ideal gas behaviour, and stronger ones, which may lead to the formation of gaseous compounds, AnBm, at equilibrium with A+B. An example is H20 in an equilibrium mixture with H2 and 02 when the temperature is kept > 3000°C. The mixture of the three gases is still homogeneous and disordered, but some order, structure, in H20 has appeared. The reasons for such ordering were described in Chapter 2. In the case of two bulk liquids similar considerations apply, but in these cases miscibility is more limited and phase separation frequently occurs (see Chapter 4). In liquids and particularly in liquid/solid and solid/solid mixtures, we often observe a higher degree of order in the phase distribution of the two components A and B, up to the limit of pure co-operative compound formation, which is absent in the mixtures of gases. In all these cases the mixing of similar mole fractions of components only was considered, starting from two, A and B, and then going forward to larger numbers.
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Ikariya, Takao, und Ryoji Noyori. „Advances in Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Biphasic Metal-Catalyzed Reactions in Dense-Phase Carbon Dioxide“. In Green Chemistry Using Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154832.003.0006.
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The use of compressed carbon dioxide as a reaction medium, either as a liquid or a supercritical fluid (sc CO2), offers the opportunity not only to replace conventional hazardous organic solvents but also to optimize and potentially control the effect of solvent on chemical synthesis. Although synthetic chemists, particularly those employing catalysis, may be relative latecomers to the area of supercritical fluids, the area of catalysis in carbon dioxide has grown significantly since around 1975 to the point that a number of excellent reviews have appeared (Baiker et al., 1999; Buelow et al., 1998; Jessop and Leitner, 1999; Jessop et al., 1995c, 1999; Morgenstern et al., 1996). Developing and understanding catalytic processes in dense-phase carbon dioxide could lead to “greener” processing at three levels: (1) solvent replacement, (2) improved chemistry (e.g., higher reactivity, selectivity, less energy), and (3) new chemistry (e.g., use of CO2 as a C-1 source). In this chapter, we will highlight a number of examples from the literature in homogeneous and heterogeneous transition-metal catalysis, as well as the emerging area of biphasic catalysis in H2O/sc CO2 mixtures. The intent is to provide an illustrative rather than a comprehensive overview to four classes of catalytic transformations: acid catalysis, reduction via hydrogenation, selective oxidation catalysis, and catalytic carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. The reader is referred to other chapters in this book and other reviews (King and Bott, 1993) for discussion of uncatalyzed reactions, phase-transfer catalysis, polymerization, and radical reactions in sc CO2. From a synthetic chemist’s viewpoint, sc CO2 has a number of potential advantages that one would like to capitalize upon. • Solvent Replacement Carbon dioxide is a nontoxic, nonflammable, inexpensive alternative to hazardous organic solvents. Simple solvent replacement will not be a sufficient driver for all chemical reactions; however, as described below, the use of carbon dioxide could lead to better chemistry for certain reactions. • Gas Miscibility Gases such as H2, O2, and CO are sparingly soluble in liquid solvents but they are highly miscible with sc CO2.
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Sasi, Renjith, S. L. Sreejith und Roy Joseph. „Ionic Liquids for the Surface Modification of Polymers and Medical Devices“. In Ionic Liquids: Eco-friendly Substitutes for Surface and Interface Applications, 354–79. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815136234123010019.
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Ionic liquids (ILs) attracted global attention owing to their superior functional properties, making them useful for many applications. Low volatility, wide liquidity range, better miscibility with organic and inorganic materials, better electrochemical stability, and negligible toxicity earn them a green solvent status. ILs are suitable alternatives to many volatile and flammable organic solvents that chokes our environment. The presence of asymmetric organic/inorganic ions gave them unique characteristics similar to biomolecules. They could interact with the cell membranes and penetrate the lipid bilayers to destroy bacterial cell membranes. They can selfassemble at the interfaces of polar and non-polar media. The nature of substrates, concentration, counter-ions, and polarity of the medium influence the extent and stability of the self-assembly. The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and multilayers of ILs impart intriguing properties to the surfaces. Surface modification with ILs is preferred over other methods considering their eco-friendly nature. The IL-mediated surface modification would help to improve the surface properties of polymers, metals, nanoparticles, ceramics, stones, medical devices, etc. The modified surfaces would have improved wettability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial or antiviral properties. IL-modified surfaces could anchor enzymes to generate sustainable biocatalysts for a wide range of reactions. The inherent affinity of ILs towards gases like CO2 makes them suitable for generating gas-adsorbing surfaces. Assembled charge carriers in ILs are helpful in energy storage and electrochemical sensing applications. Poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) are also receiving much attention recently since they display synergistic properties of polymers and ILs to be employed in divergent fields. PILs are also suitable for the surface modification of different substrates. This chapter reviews the surface modification of materials using ILs and PILs and their biomedical applications.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Liquid miscibility gap"
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Enab, Khaled, Thomas Elizondo, Youssef Elmasry, Leonel Flores und Alfred Addo-Mensah. „Experimental Investigation of Liquid, Supercritical CO2, CH4, and CO2/CH4 Mixture to Improve Oil Recovery“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24523-ms.
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Abstract This study investigates the efficiency of injecting CO2 and CH4 in improving oil production from black oil reservoirs. While prior research highlights the effectiveness of these gases in enhancing oil recovery factors, comparing their performance in bulk interaction to their performance in the porous medium is scarce. Furthermore, the impact of the physical state of the injected CO2—liquid, gas, or supercritical— on oil extraction mechanisms still needs to be explored. Hence, our study aims to bridge this gap through a comprehensive experimental analysis of gas-oil interactions in the bulk phase and within porous media. The bulk gas-oil interactions were investigated using a visual Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) cell. In contrast, the gas-oil interaction within the porous media was investigated using a coreflooding experimental approach. The proposed investigation is designed to evaluate the influence of the permeability on the gas-oil interactions and the effect of the physical state of the injected fluid —liquid, gas, or supercritical — on the gas miscibility in oil. Since viscosity reduction and oil swelling are the primary mechanisms for miscible gas Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), this study focuses on the efficiency of different injected gases and the physical state of CO2 on the swelling factor, saturation pressure alternation, and viscosity reduction. The swelling factor and saturation pressure curves were measured when different molecular percentages of gas above the minimum miscible pressure were mixed with oil. The viscosity reduction effect was calculated by comparing the viscosity of the oil produced from the coreflooding experiment to the viscosity of the original oil. The oil minimum miscible pressure (MMP) of each considered gas in the oil sample was determined based on the oil composition determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis. The results showed that the CO2/CH4 mixture outperformed CO2 liquid, supercritical, and CH4 in coreflooding experiments. Additionally, the coreflooding experiments proved liquid CO2 (Cold) performed better in improving oil recovery than supercritical CO2. However, the bulk PVT analysis revealed a higher swelling factor for supercritical than liquid CO2, which suggests supercritical CO2 outperforms other gases, including cold CO2. In contrast, the viscosity of the produced oil when supercritical CO2 was injected was lower than that of all other gases. The observed variation in CO2 performance indicates the significant role of CO2 physical state of CO2 in the oil extraction mechanism. The conclusion of this study provides a better understanding of the performance of different gas injection strategies in conventional reservoirs, which brings insights into optimizing gas injection into depleted oil reservoirs that contain dead oil.
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Gibrata, Muhammad A., Giamal Ameish, Yanfidra Djanuar, Magdi Eldali, Qingfeng Huang, Jose Lozano, Nizarudeen Ali und Bashar Mansour. „Advanced PVT and Core Analysis for Enhanced Oil Recovery Study of Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoir“. In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214025-ms.
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Abstract In the matured unconsolidated sandstone reservoir of oil field, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is important to be implemented. It is to ensure the oil production with the optimum recovery from the reservoir. It requires an integration multi disciplines rock and fluid properties evaluation. In this EOR Study with core-gas injection, it has used engineering of gas injection in advanced PVT analysis that requires a series of laboratory data to properly understand the injection solvent/reservoir fluid phase behavior and EOR displacement in core flooding. The PVT study has been performed, initially on the gas miscibility and phase behavior that consists swelling test, minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), vapour liquid equilibrium (VLE) and multi-contact evaluation and flow assurance studies. The oil and water from the particular reservoir conditions have been used in the analysis. Then it continued with reservoir characterization, core-gas injection and water alternating gas (WAG) analysis. It has involved an in-house integrated petrophysical, geological, reservoir characterization and model in the EOR study. A 3D computed tomography (CT) image and the available RRT model have been used for core plugs selection of the EOR study. The unconsolidated core samples have been plugged successfully by liquid nitrogen and cleaned, inject the higher salinity water until reaching a high water cut, inject the low salinity water in the same manner, and the wettability restoration a steady-state relative permeability with the selected fluids. The steady-state floods (gas-oil, water-oil and gas-water) have been designed to obtain relative permeability on plugs representing selected reservoir rock types at reservoir conditions (pressure and temperature). A digital rock analysis with steady state floods on the same rock types is validated, then digital rock analysis is used to obtain relative permeability data on all remaining rock types for fast time and effective cost. The saturation is determined by in situ saturation monitoring (ISSM) with X-Ray attenuation through the core. Injection continues until the pressure drop across the core sample and the measured saturation are stable. Gas and oil are injected into a sample initially at initial water saturation (Swi) with increasing gas/oil ratios up to maximum gas injection and the sample is at residual oil saturation. The optimum conditions for WAG and related parameters controlled by the core properties on the EOR displacement analysis are defined. This special integrated approach of EOR study has provided the reliable technical basis and assurance for the development of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. The oil recovery with current reservoir conditions range has been measured. It has benefits to maximize oil recovery from current main producing reservoir with utilizing the available gas, fluid, core, logs, production and others reservoir data which is important for successful of the field development.
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Sanlorenzo, Andrea, Marc Bustin, Amanda Bustin und Gareth Chalmers. „CO2 Permeability in Shale Gas Reservoirs: Insights from the Montney Formation“. In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212793-ms.
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Abstract The Montney Formation, in north–eastern British Columbia and western Alberta, is a widely developed, low porosity and permeability shale gas and oil reservoir. Due to existing midstream infrastructure, it is an ideal candidate for CO2 sequestration which can potentially be coupled with CO2 enhanced hydrocarbon recovery (EHR). Extensive petrophysical analyses of representative Montney wells and cores validate that the characteristics of supercritical CO2 are more suitable for sequestration compared to either liquid or gas properties. The producing Montney reservoir has absolute permeabilities to helium in the order of 10−2 to 10−5 millidarcies and porosity ranging from 2.9 to 11.1%. At reservoir pressure and temperature conditions, sequestered carbon dioxide will be in the supercritical state. The measured apparent permeability of representative Montney cores matrix to supercritical CO2 is approximately 3.8×10−4 to 3.4×10−2 mD higher than either gas or liquid CO2 values (apparent supercritical CO2 permeabilities range between 4.0×10−4 and 1.4×10−2 mD). The difference between liquid and gas CO2 permeabilities ranges between 3.2×10−5 and 3.0×10−3 mD. Absolute permeabilities to helium were found to be higher than any of the three CO2 phases. The higher apparent permeability to supercritical CO2 compared to the gas or liquid phase is attributed to the higher molecular kinetic energy and the smaller impact of adsorption compared to gas CO2. Permeability data of gas CO2 show both volumetric and adsorption effects, resulting in a lower apparent permeability compared to both liquid and supercritical CO2. Helium data show the highest permeabilities since helium is a non-adsorbing gas and He molecular diameter is 74 pm smaller than the molecular diameter of CO2. The results of this study show that carbon dioxide in the supercritical state has favourable characteristics for the utilization and sequestration in depleted shale gas and oil plays compared to CO2 in either the liquid or gas phase. The relatively high density of the supercritical state – around 750 kg/m3 – will minimize leakage to adjacent formations. Upon reaching reservoirs’ minimum miscibility pressure, supercritical CO2 interfacial tension will approach zero and thus mixing with the residual liquid hydrocarbons will occur. The CO2 will cause the oil or condensate to swell, reducing the viscosity and thus improving the mobility and production rate of the remaining hydrocarbons in place.
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Bustin, Amanda Marilyn, R. Marc Bustin, Robert Downey und Kiran Venepalli. „Laboratory Analyses and Compositional Simulation of the Eagle Ford and Wolfcamp Shales: A Novel Shale Oil EOR Process“. In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209348-ms.
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Abstract Cyclic injection-flowback (huff and puff, HnP) of natural gas or carbon dioxide has been shown to improve the recovery of oil from low permeability, low porosity shale reservoirs. However, natural gas and carbon dioxide are limited in effectiveness and utility; natural gas has a high miscibility pressure and high mobility and hence potential for leak-off and inter-well communication; carbon dioxide is not readily available, is costly, and corrosive. In this study, a novel shale oil HnP EOR process, utilising a liquid solvent comprised of mixtures of propane and butane (C3 and C4), referred to as SuperEORTM (Downey et al, 2021), was evaluated for its efficacy in recovering oil compared to methane and carbon dioxide. The advantages of the propane and butane solvent are its low miscibility pressure with the produced oil, it is injected as a liquid, and is easy to separate and recycle. In this study, an Eagle Ford shale core with produced Eagle Ford oil and a Permian Wolfcamp shale core with produced Wolfcamp oil were investigated. PVT and minimum miscibility tests of the fluids were combined with petrophysical analysis to design laboratory tests and provide metrics for tuning a compositional model. Two Eagle Ford facies were investigated, a calcite/quartz-rich mudstone/siltstone with a porosity of up to 10% and a calcite-rich limestone with porosity ranging from 3% to 6%. At reservoir stress, the matrix permeability averages about 2E-4 md. One facies of the Wolfcamp shale was tested, which is 80% quartz, has a porosity of about 7-11%, and average matrix permeability of 9E-3 md. SuperEOR was carried out on core plugs re-saturated with produced oil for 16 days at reservoir conditions of 5000 psi at 101°C for the Eagle Ford and 79°C for the Wolfcamp. For the Eagle Ford shale, five to 6 HnP cycles using a 1:1 ratio of C3 and C4, at injection pressures of 5000 and 3000 psi, with 20 hours of soaking per cycle, yielded a recovery of 55% to 75% of the original oil in place (OOIP) for the lower porosity facies and over 80% for the higher porosity facies of the Eagle Ford. For the Wolfcamp shale, at an injection pressure of 3000 psi, 85% of the original oil in place was recovered using 1:1 ratio of C3 and C4. In comparison, the Wolfcamp shale, at similar experiment conditions and number of HnP cycles, yielded about 30% of the OOIP when methane was used as an injectant/solvent and yielded 75% of OOIP when carbon dioxide was used. The efficacy of the HnP process on the Eagle Ford shale at the core scale was investigated through reservoir modelling using a general equation-of-state compositional simulator and the results were compared to the laboratory data and a field scale EOR simulation on three horizontal wells using carbon dioxide, methane, and the C3:C4 solvent. The wells had a production rate of <3 bbl/day prior to shut-in and responded poorly to natural gas HnP EOR due to excessive leak-off. The HnP simulations comprise cycling 23 days of injection followed by 30 days of production for 17 years. The recovery utilising methane is 45%, carbon dioxide 72%, and 90% with the C3:C4 solvent for the field simulation, which are generally similar to the laboratory tests and the core simulation.
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Li, Qiaoyun, Shuhong Wu, Han Jia, Baohua Wang, Xili Deng, Hua Li, Tianyi Fan und Mingyuan Xu. „CCUS Numerical Simulation Technology and its Application in a Carbonate Reservoir of the Middle East“. In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212634-ms.
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Abstract Carbon dioxide Utilization and storage technology (CCUS) plays an important role for oil and gas field to further improve oil and gas recovery and achieve the goal of "double carbon" in recent years. Numerical simulation is an essential means for reservoir engineers to study the flow mechanism of CO2 flooding and storage, screen the CCUS technical indicators, predict the enhanced oil recovery and evaluate storage potential. This paper discusses the multiphase and multicomponent mathematical model based on the seepage theory of carbon dioxide flooding and storage, the calculation method of gas-liquid equilibrium based on EOS equation, the miscibility determination technique and two phase P-T flash calculation method. Meanwhile the CCUS numerical simulator developed based on above theoretical model and calculation method. Applying the simulator to CO2 miscible flooding in a carbonate reservoir of the Middle East, the results show that the model and software accurately describes the CO2-EOR seepage mechanism and CO2 miscible displacement process. It effectively predicts the effect of CO2 injection on EOR and the storage potential after CO2 flooding. It can provide feasible technical guidance for the optimization of CO2 utilization and storage programs.
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Karadkar, Prasad, Murtadha J. AlTammar, Mohammed Alabdrabalnabi und Ahmad Busaleh. „Enhancing Fracture Network Complexity Using Carbonated Slickwater Fracturing“. In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213279-ms.
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Abstract Fracturing with slickwater has been widely adopted over the past couple of decades in the development of shale and tight formations. This paper proposes the use of CO2-foamed slickwater, termed carbonated slickwater, as a potential fracturing fluid that maintains suitable proppant carrying capacity while achieving less freshwater consumption, faster and efficient flowback recovery, improved hydrocarbon recovery due to CO2 miscibility with reservoir fluids, deeper CO2 penetration, and potentially higher fracture network complexity and more extensive stimulated reservoir volume. A circulating-loop foam rheometer was utilized in this study to compare the rheological behavior of slickwater and CO2-foamed slickwater at 50% foam quality. The slickwater, with and without foaming, was tested under a wide range of conditions, including under pressures up to 2500 psi, temperatures up to 300°F, and shear rates up to 1500 1/s. The stability of CO2 foamed slickwater was tested for 30 min at 250°F, 275°F, and 300°F. The viscosity increased to 6.3 cp from 2.7 cp after 50% foaming with CO2 measured at a constant shear rate of 1000 1/s and 300°F. The foaming characteristic can be measured on site using a simple blender test described in this paper. Static foam stability describes the change in foam height or liquid drainage with time known as foam half-life also measured at atmospheric conditions. Using the blender test, around 70% foam quality was achieved, which gave more than a one-hour foam half-life under atmospheric and static conditions. In this paper, we have explored foamed slickwater as a potential alternative fluid to slickwater for fracturing unconventional formations. We theorize that because of the similar viscosity, carbonated slickwater would have similar fracture propagation/complexity and proppant-carrying capability. During shut-in after fracturing, the CO2 could stimulate additional smaller fractures, ultimately leading to more fracture complexity. Additionally, during flowback, CO2 can maximize flowback recovery pumped slickwater.
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Bozeman, Tim, Will Nelle und Quoc Nguyen. „Small Scale EOR Pilot in the Eastern Eagle Ford Boosts Production“. In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209429-ms.
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Abstract Low primary and secondary recoveries of original oil in place from modern unconventional reservoirs begs for utilization of tertiary recovery techniques. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) via cyclic gas injection ("huff ‘n puff") has indeed enhanced oil recovery in many fields and many of those projects have also been documented in industry technical papers/case studies. But the need remains to document new techniques in new reservoirs. This paper documents a small scale EOR pilot project in the eastern Eagle Ford and shows promising well results. In preparation for the pilot, full characterization of the oil and injection gas was done along with laboratory testing to identify the miscibility properties of the two fluids. Once the injection well facility design was completed a series of progressively larger gas volumes were injected followed by correspondingly longer production times. Fluids in the returning liquid and gas streams were monitored for compositional changes and the learnings from each cycle led to adjustments and facility changes to improve the next cycle. After completing five injection/withdrawal cycles in the pilot a few key observations can be made. The implementation of cyclic gas injection can be both a technical and a commercial success early in its life if reasonable cost controls are implemented and the scope is kept manageable. The process has proved to be both repeatable and predictable allowing for economic modeling to be utilized to help determine timing of subsequent injection cycles. A key component of the success of this pilot has been the availability of small compressors capable of the high pressures required for these projects and learning how to implement cost saving facility designs that still meet high safety standards.
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Ariza-Quiroga, C., J. D. Aristizabal, J. J. Martinez Vertel, C. Cundar, C. Delgadillo, M. L. Trujillo-Portillo, J. Sandoval, G. A. Maya und R. Osorio. „Effect of Phase Behavior and Mass Transfer Mechanisms on Crude Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage in a CO2 Injection Process in Colombian Reservoirs“. In SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213132-ms.
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Abstract In this study, the potential of the CO2 injection process in CO2 solubility trapping and enhanced oil recovery was analyzed for immiscible and near miscible conditions in Colombian reservoirs. A compositional conceptual simulation of the CO2 injection process was carried out for black oil and heavy crude oil. Since in the early stages of evaluating the EOR-CCUS process there is no experimental data on the interaction of live crude oil-CO2 and CO2-formation water, a methodology based on the characterization of the C7+ fraction through physical distillation curves (ASSAY III), compositional analysis and correlations (Sanchez Lemus 2015) was developed to generate a gas-liquid behavior predictive model with the experimental PVT data. Then, for the estimation of the minimum miscibility pressure, correlations, multiple contact calculations, and 1D simulation of the Slim-Tube test were used (Hoier 1997). These predictions were made with different binary interaction coefficients (Xu et al., 2019) between the pseudocomponents of crude oil and CO2 to establish miscible phase behavior scenarios or partial solubility, and thus evaluate different cases of recovery efficiency and CO2 solubility through the numerical compositional simulation, where CO2 can vaporize light oil components and/or condensate into the oil. To estimate the CO2 sequestration potential in the formation water, a formation water-CO2 thermodynamic model was built from the modified Peng-Robinson equation of state (EOS) and correlations (Harvey 1996; Nghiem et al. 2004; Søreide and Whitson 1992). The results show a dependency of the CO2 recovery factor and storage on the type of process: immiscible, near miscible or miscible, and the type of hydrocarbon. The difference in the salinity of water, pressure and temperature conditions in the analyzed fields also had a considerable influence in the retention of CO2 in the formation water. These results are consistent with experimental observations reported in the literature (Abedini and Torabi 2014; Esene et al. 2019) This study contributes a promising methodology to carry out feasibility studies of CO2 enhanced recovery processes and estimations of CO2 storage potential by solubility trapping when crude oil- CO2 and CO2-formation water experimental data are not available, but robust information is on hand for the characterization of the reservoir fluids. The management of uncertainty provides ranges of variables such as minimum miscibility pressure, condensation and vaporization mechanisms and solubility of CO2 in water. In this way, it is feasible to generate several scenarios to evaluate future CCUS projects in Colombian reservoirs and can be applied to fluids worldwide.
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Lacerda, V. T., A. T. Prata und F. Fagotti. „Experimental Characterization of Oil-Refrigerant Two-Phase Flow“. In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1302.
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Abstract Several phenomena occurring inside refrigerating systems depend on the interaction between the refrigeration oil and the refrigerant working fluid. Regarding the refrigeration cycle, good miscibility of oil and refrigerant assure easy return of circulating oil to the compressor through the reduction of the oil viscosity. Inside the compressor the lubricant is mainly used for leakage sealing, cooling of hot elements and lubrication of sliding parts. In the compressor bearing systems the presence of refrigerant dissolved in the oil greatly influences the performance and reliability of the compressor due to the outgassing experienced by sudden changes in temperature and pressure resulting in a two-phase mixture with density and viscosity strongly affecting the lubricant characteristics. A general understanding of the oil-refrigerant mixture flow is crucial in developing lubrication models to be used in analysis and simulation of fluid mechanics problems inside the compressor. In the present investigation the refrigeration oil flow with refrigerant outgassing is explored experimentally. A mixture of oil saturated with refrigerant is forced to flow in two straight horizontal tubes of constant diameter. One tube is used for flow visualization and the other is instrumented for pressure and temperature measurements. At the tubes inlet liquid state prevails and as flow proceeds the pressure drop reduces the gas solubility in the oil and outgassing occurs. Initially small bubbles are observed and eventually the bubble population reaches a stage where foaming flow is observed. The flow visualization allowed identification of the two-phase flow regimes experienced by the mixture. Pressure and temperature distributions are measured along the flow and from that mixture quality and void fraction were estimated.
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Alotaibi, F., M. Rafie, T. Almubarak und A. Alomair. „Insights into H2S Scavengers and Corrosion Inhibitor Interactions for Sour Crude Applications“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24603-ms.
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Abstract Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) produces an acidic fluid that is corrosive to equipment, tubulars, and facilities generating what is called "sour corrosion". One viable option to handle this gas in processing facilities is to use H2S scavengers. The main objective of this study is to evaluate six different H2S scavengers aiming to reduce the effect of H2S gas in crude oil feeds without jeopardizing the corrosion inhibitor performance that used in Gas Oil Separation Plant (GOSP). The tested scavengers were derived from different chemical families. Some of the active compounds of these scavengers included inorganic salts, polyhydric alcohols, organic acids, chelating agents, polyols, cyclic nitrogen compounds, potassium permanganate, and zinc oxide. These scavengers underwent compatibility tests with different corrosion inhibitors using HPHT aging cell at 200°F for 24 hours. Moreover, corrosion inhibition was evaluated using low carbon sour grade steel (T-95) metal coupons at 130°F for 24 hours testing time simulating GOSP conditions. The H2S scavenging assessment was conducted using standard aqueous geochemical methods by reacting iron sulfide (FeS) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to generate H2S. The evolved H2S was allowed to pass through a reactor vessel containing the tested scavenger. Excess or unreacted H2S that was not captured by the scavenger was gravimetrically quantified using cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) to measure scavenging efficiency. Final scavenging capacity was calculated using mass balance approach for H2S through the system. Based on the findings of this study, three chemicals emerged with acceptable scavenging capabilities and miscibility with hydrocarbon or aqueous phases. The results indicated that liquid-based scavengers had a higher scavenging capacity compared to solid scavengers. The corrosion inhibitors excellent performance for the duration of testing. The remaining scavengers did not pass the required scavenging efficiency or showed incompatibility with the carrier fluid. This paper shares the process of evaluating H2S scavengers for sour crude feed applications. It focuses on an overlooked incompatibility between H2S scavengers and corrosion inhibitors which can cause severe consequences if not taken into consideration as both additives can potentially lose their intended functionality.