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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Liquid chromatography":
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Adel, E. Ibrahim, Elhenawee Magda, Saleh Hanaa und M. Sebaiy Mahmoud. „Overview on liquid chromatography and its greener chemistry application“. Annals of Advances in Chemistry 5, Nr. 1 (07.04.2021): 004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.aac.1001023.
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This literature review is concerning with liquid chromatography specifically high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), chromatography theory, chromatographic parameters, monolithic columns, principles of green chemistry and its application ingreen chromatography.
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Yatsenko, Larisa Anatolyevna, Maria Yurevna Printseva, Ilya Danilovich Cheshko und Artur Alexandrovich Tumanovsky. „Detection of residues and determination of the composition of combustible components in case of explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures“. Technology of technosphere safety 97 (2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.51-60.
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Introduction. Liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) are widely used in various fields. The main components of LHG are: propane, isobutane and n-butane, which are not only combustible, but also explosive gases capable of detonation combustion. The detection of LHG in the air is a very urgent task in expert studies. To determine the component composition of various flammable liquids, for the purpose of their identification, chromatographs equipped with a capillary quartz column with a phase that allows detecting saturated hydrocarbons of the homologous series from pentane to pentatetracontane inclusive are used in the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. However, it is not possible to analyze the component composition of lighter hydrocarbons according to the previously proposed and used in expert practice method for detecting and studying flammable liquids/high liquids under these conditions. To solve the problem of unification of the use of the instrumental base for the detection of residues of flammable liquids, liquid liquids and light hydrocarbons, new chromatography conditions were selected using the existing equipment set. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to select the analysis conditions for detecting the remains of liquefied hydrocarbon gases after explosions of steam-air mixtures on the basis of the instrumental gas chromatographic complex in service with the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. Research methods. To detect and determine the composition of residues of combustible components during explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures, a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, a ZB-50 capillary column, and an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber was used. Results and its discussion. In the course of the study, the optimal conditions for conducting gas chromatographic analysis were defined and selected in order to detect liquefied hydrocarbon gases. Recommended pressures are given for various carrier gases. It is shown that, by varying the pressure and inlet temperature, light hydrocarbons propane, butane, isobutane is fairly well separated on a gas-liquid chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and on a ZB-50 capillary column 30 meters long. Conclusion. The research shows that the problem of combining a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas chromatograph with an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber used for the analysis of two groups of substances (liquefied hydrocarbons and flammable liquids, gas liquids) is solved by varying the pressure and temperature of the input. Keywords: gas-liquid chromatography, thermal desorption, liquefied petroleum gases, light hydrocarbons, air-fuel mixtures, vapor-gas-air mixtures, explosion, fire examination.
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Meng, Xin Xin, und Shu Lin Yang. „Comparison of Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatogram Detecting Pesticide Residue“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (Juli 2014): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.113.
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The existing methods of detecting pesticide residue include gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatograph-mass, liquid chromatograph-mass, capillary electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, biosensor and rapid detection on the spot. The paper analyzes the comparison of gas chromatography and liquid chromatogram detecting pesticide residue, for achieving the development tendency and the future goal of analyzing pesticide residue.
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Durai Ananda Kumar T, Sai Charan, Venkateswarlu A und Supriya Reddy K. „Evolution of liquid chromatography: Technologies and applications“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, Nr. 3 (08.07.2020): 3204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2449.
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Liquid chromatographic offers efficient analyte separation employing high pressure pumps. The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is widely utilized in the purity testing and quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals and neutraceuticals. The limitations of traditional liquid chromatography such as particle size, resolution and selectivity demanded for the developments and Waters Corporation developed ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) is another milestone, which offers faster and efficient separation. Multidimensional UHPLC provides separation of complex molecules. The particle size decrease enhances the resolution of LC separation. Ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH), Charged surface hybrid (CSH) and Peptide separation technology (PST) offer better performance in. The amalgamation of chromatographic and spectroscopic detectors namely fluorescence detector (FD) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides efficient separation. Liquid chromatography (LC) offers the analysis of pharmaceuticals, biological, food materials, and natural products. This review covers technologies and recent pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of liquid chromatography technologies
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Peterson, Robert E., Gail M. Shannon und Odette L. Shotwell. „Purification of Cyclopiazonic Acid by Liquid Chromatography“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, Nr. 2 (01.03.1989): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.2.332.
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Abstract A purification procedure for cyclopiazonic acid has been developed, using sequential preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography. Crude cyclopiazonic acid (324 mg) was extracted from a 1 L fermentation medium with chloroform-methanol (80 + 20), dried, dissolved in chloroform, and chromatographed on an oxalic acid/ silica preparative column with chloroform-methanol (99 + 1) as the eluant. A semi-preparative oxalic acid/silica column and chloroform- methanol (99.5 + 0.5) were then used for rechromatography of the partially purified cyclopiazonic acid. This second chromatographic treatment yielded fractions from which cyclopiazonic acid was readily crystallized (106.7 mg; 33% recovery). Analytical chromatography was developed using an amino column in an ion-exchange mode, with a methanol-phosphate buffer eluant. Response was linear from 10 to 800 μg/injection of standard solutions. Cyclopiazonic acid chemically binds sodium from soda-lime vials.
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Tong, Daixin, Keith D. Bartle, Anthony A. Clifford und Robert E. Robinson. „Unified chromatograph for gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and micro-liquid chromatography“. Analyst 120, Nr. 10 (1995): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9952002461.
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Christopoulou, C. N., und E. G. Perkins. „Chromatographic studies on fatty acid dinners: Gas-liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography“. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 66, Nr. 9 (September 1989): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03022761.
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Hammack, Walter, Mary C. Carson, Barbara K. Neuhaus, Jeffrey A. Hurlbut, Cristina Nochetto, James S. Stuart, Amy Brown et al. „Multilaboratory Validation of a Method To Confirm Chloramphenicol in Shrimp and Crabmeat by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, Nr. 6 (01.11.2003): 1135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.6.1135.
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Abstract An existing method for chloramphenicol (CAP) determination in shrimp using a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector was adapted for confirmation of CAP with a liquid chromatograph interfaced to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. CAP residues are extracted from tissue with ethyl acetate, isolated via liquid–liquid extraction, and concentrated by evaporation. Extracts are chromatographed by using a reversed-phased column and analyzed by electrospray negative mode tandem mass spectrometry. Four product ions (m/z 152, 176, 194, and 257) of precursor m/z 321 were monitored. Moving from gas chromatography to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry improved the sensitivity of the method greatly, enabling reliable confirmation of CAP residues at 0.3 μg/kg (ppb). The method meets confirmation criteria recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and 4-point identification criteria established by the European Union. With slight modifications to accommodate different equipment, the method was validated in 3 laboratories.
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Noga, Sylwia, Attila Felinger und Bogusław Buszewski. „Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Per Aqueous Liquid Chromatography in Fungicides Analysis“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, Nr. 5 (01.09.2012): 1362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge_noga.
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Abstract The goal of the study was to investigate the retention mechanism of selected fungicides in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC). Chromatographic measurements were made on four physicochemically diversified HILIC columns, which were evaluated for the analysis of nine biologically active compounds, such as strobilurins and triazoles. The effects of the operating conditions on separations were investigated, including the concentration of the organic solvent in the aqueous-organic (acetonitrile) mobile phase. The results were compared, and it was shown that two different retention mechanisms dominate in PALC at low acetonitrile concentrations and in HILIC at high acetonitrile concentrations.
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Mekaoui, Nazim. „Contribution à l'étude de la chromatographie à contre-courant : partage de composés ionisables, nouvelles colonnes et purification séquentielles“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10249/document.
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La chromatographie à contre courant (CCC) est une technique de purification chimique préparative quitravaille avec un système biphasique liquide. Une phase est la phase mobile, l'autre phase est la phasestationnaire. Il n'y a aucun support solide: un champ de force centrifuge est utilisé pour maintenir en place laphase stationnaire. Ce travail est une contribution à l'étude de la purification préparative par CCC. Après uneimportante étude bibliographique des procédés de purification en continu tant en CCC qu'autres, il est montréque la méthode dite "multi-dual-mode", ou MDM, est une solution possible. Elle consiste à utiliser le fait queles deux phases liquides peuvent servir de phase stationnaire: il suffit d'inverser le sens de circulation et lanature de la phase mobile (méthode dual-mode). Le mélange est séparé de façon classique pendant untemps chronométré, puis on inverse le rôle des phases: la phase mobile devient stationnaire et vice versa eton inverse également le sens de circulation (ascendant devient descendant ou vice versa). On sort lescomposants du mélange soit d'un coté de la colonne CCC, soit de l'autre. La méthode est mise en oeuvrepour purifier le Bleu de Coomassie en le débarassant des ses composés polaires (d'un coté) et apolaire (del'autre coté de la colonne et en accumulant dans la colonne la fraction de polarité intermédiaire, fractiond'intérêt. Une nouvelle colonne hydrostatique de petit volume (30 mL) a également été testée: elle permetde tester un nouveau système liquide très rapidement Counter-current chromatography (CCC) is a preparative purification technique that works with the twoliquid phases of a biphasic liquid system. One phase is used as the mobile phase when the other phase isused as the stationary phase. There is no solid support: centrifugal fields are used to obtain a support-freeliquid stationary phase. This work contains an exhaustive bibliographic study of what can be found in theliterature concerning continuous chromatographic processes. The multi-dual-mode (MDM) process was foundto be the best one able to purify large amount of crude mixtures. The MDM method starts with a classicalseparation of the mixture followed by a switch of both the liquid phase nature and the flowing direction. Themobile phase flowing e.g. in a descending direction becomes the stationary phase. The previous stationaryphase becomes the mobile phase flowing in the ascending direction (or vice versa). The purified compoundsof the introduced mixture are eluted at one side of the column or the other according to their polarity. TheMDM method was used to purify a crude sample of Coomassie Blue: the polar part of the dye was eluted atthe column top (or head) and the apolar part at the column bottom (or tail) while the essential part of the dyewas trapped inside the CCC column. The work also presents a new small volume (30 mL) hydrostatic CCCcolumn. It is shown that this column could be used to test quickly the potential of a given biphasic liquidsystem
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Jeong, Lena N. „Development of General Purpose Liquid Chromatography Simulator for the Exploration of Novel Liquid Chromatographic Strategies“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5079.
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The method development process in liquid chromatography (LC) involves optimization of a variety of method parameters including stationary phase chemistry, column temperature, initial and final mobile phase compositions, and gradient time when gradient mobile phases are used. Here, a general simulation program to predict the results (i.e., retention time, peak width and peak shape) of LC separations, with the ability to study various complex chromatographic conditions is described. The simulation program is based on the Craig distribution model where the column is divided into discrete distance (Δz) and time (Δt) segments in a grid and is based on parameterization with either the linear solvent strength or Neue-Kuss models for chromatographic retention. This algorithm is relatively simple to understand and produces results that agree well with closed form theory when available. The set of simulation programs allows for the use of any eluent composition profile (linear and nonlinear), any column temperature, any stationary phase composition (constant or non-constant), and any composition and shape of the injected sample profile. The latter addition to our program is particularly useful in characterizing the solvent mismatch effect in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), in which there is a mismatch between the first dimension (1D) effluent and second dimension (2D) initial mobile phase composition. This solvent mismatch causes peak distortion and broadening. The use of simulations can provide a better understanding of this phenomenon and a guide for the method development for 2D-LC. Another development that is proposed to have a great impact on the enhancement of 2D-LC methods is the use of continuous stationary phase gradients. When using rapid mobile phase gradients in the second dimension separation with diode array detection (DAD), refractive index changes cause large backgrounds such as an injection ridge (from solvent mismatch) and sloping baselines which can be problematic for achieving accurate quantitation. Use of a stationary phase gradient may enable the use of an isocratic mobile phase in the 2D, thus minimizing these background signals. Finally, our simulator can be used as an educational tool. Unlike commercially available simulators, our program can capture the evolution of the chromatogram in the form of movies and/or snapshots of the analyte distribution over time and/or distance to facilitate a better understanding of the separation process under complicated circumstances. We plan to make this simulation program publically available to all chromatographers and educators to aid in more efficient method development and chromatographic training.
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Andersson, David. „Simulation Testbed for Liquid Chromatography“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185024.
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The stlc package is proposed as a tool for simulation of liquid chromatography by implementing several lumped kinetic models which combine diffusive mass transport and adsorption isotherm equations. The purpose of the package is to provide computationally efficient approximations to the general rate model of chromatography. Orthogonal collocation is used to discretize the spatial domain and the resulting system of ordinary differential equations is evaluated by one of several solvers made available in the package. Comparisons between numerical and analytical Laplace domain solutions for values of mass transfer coefficient, k, ranging from 0 to 1000 and lumped dispersion constant values, DL,from 10-5 to 10-2 are presented. Analytical results were approximated to an L1 error in the range 10-5 to 10-3 with a maximum evaluation time of 0.27s for 100 grid points. The breakthrough curves of the analytical solution are accurately recreated indicating a correct implementation. Variations in accuracy can be partly attributed to oscillations induced by steep gradients in the solution. The oscillations are reduced by the addition further points to the spatial grid. The package is implemented in Python using minimal dependencies and can produce approximations with short evaluation times. The Python programming language is dynamically typed and uses automatic memory management, properties which can improve productivity and be beneficial to research applications. The addition of this package to the extensive Python ecosystem of libraries can potentially aid future developments in chromatography.
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Waichigo, Martin M. „Alkylammonium Carboxylates as Mobile Phases for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1134142423.
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The main focus of this thesis is on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and the preparation of stationary phases for HILIC. The mechanism of HILIC is also discussed; a large part of the discussion has been adapted from a review written by me and professor Irgum for the Journal of Separation Science (ref 34). By reevaluating the literature we have revealed that the notion of HILIC as simply partitioning chromatography needed modification. However, our interest in the HILIC mechanism was mainly inspired by the need to understand how to construct the optimal HILIC stationary phase. The ultimate stationary phase for HILIC is still not found. My theory is that a non-charged stationary phase capable of retaining a full hydration layer even at extreme acetonitrile (> 85%) concentrations should give a HILIC stationary phase with a more pure partitioning retention behavior similar to that of a swollen C18 reversed phase. The preparation of a sorbitol methacrylate grafted silica stationary phase is one of our attempts at producing such a stationary phase. The preparation of such a grafted silica has been performed, but with huge difficulty and this work is still far from producing a column of commercial quality and reprodicibility. This thesis also discusses a new method for the initiation of atom transfer radical polymerization from chlorinated silica. This new grafting scheme theoretically results in a silica particle grafted with equally long polymer chains, anchored to the silica carrier by a hydrolytically stable silicon-carbon bond. The hydrolytic stability is especially important for HILIC stationary phases due to the high water concentration at the surface.
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Hickling, Simon James. „Liquid crystal polymers for gas chromatography“. Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760726.
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Cohen, Steven A., und Mark R. Schure, Hrsg. Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470276266.
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Belen’kii, B. G., E. S. Gankina und V. G. Mal’tsev. Capillary Liquid Chromatography. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1662-6.
Kraak, J. C., und J. P. Crombeen. „Liquid-liquid Chromatography“. In Chemical Laboratory Practice, 179–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69225-3_6.
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Millar, Jocelyn G. „Liquid Chromatography“. In Methods in Chemical Ecology Volume 1, 38–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5423-3_2.
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Timperman, Aaron T., Brent Reschke und Kathleen Kelly. „Liquid Chromatography“. In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 1633–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_812.
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Li, Zhao, Sandya Beeram, Cong Bi, Ellis Kaufmann, Ryan Matsuda, Maria Podariu, Elliott Rodriguez, Xiwei Zheng und David S. Hage. „LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY“. In Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering, 2409–29. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119244752.ch66.
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Gordon, M. H., und R. Macrae. „Liquid chromatography“. In Instrumental Analysis in the Biological Sciences, 6–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1521-6_2.
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Gooch, Jan W. „Liquid Chromatography“. In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 429. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6954.
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Tabatabai, M. A., und W. T. Frankenberger. „Liquid Chromatography“. In SSSA Book Series, 225–45. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c8.
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Wingren, C., und U. B. Hansson. „CHROMATOGRAPHY: LIQUID | Partition Chromatography (Liquid–Liquid)“. In Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 760–70. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226770-2/01801-9.
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Ito, Y. „Chromatography: Liquid | Countercurrent Liquid Chromatography“. In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.04458-9.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Liquid chromatography":
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Addabbo, Tommaso, Gianluca Bixio, Ada Fort, Marco Mugnaini, Valerio Vignoli und Francesco Vigni. „High performance liquid chromatography LCC analysis“. In 2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151397.
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Luca, Simon Vlad. „The role of liquid-liquid chromatography in natural product research“. In New frontiers in natural product chemistry, scientific seminar with international participation. Institute of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2021.ab02.
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Gentz, Reinhard, Hector Garcia Martin, Edward Baidoo und Sean Peisert. „Workflow Automation in Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry“. In 2019 15th International Conference on eScience (eScience). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escience.2019.00095.
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Chu, Chaoqun, Jinghai Piao, Yumei Song, Donghao Li und Xiangfan Piao. „Research on Liquid Chromatography Step Injection System“. In 2013 Third International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2013.232.
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Noguchi, Masao, Makoto Tsunoda, Jun Mizuno, Takashi Funatsu und Shuichi Shoji. „MEMS fabricated liquid chromatography microchip for practical uses“. In 2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2010.5442355.
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Shelly, Dennis C., und Thomas J. Edkins. „Miniature Laser Fluorescence Detector For Capillary Liquid Chromatography“. In 1988 Los Angeles Symposium--O-E/LASE '88, herausgegeben von E. R. Menzel. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.945449.
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„THERMORESPONSIVE POLYMER-BASED MICRODEVICE FOR NANO-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY“. In International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001053101780181.
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Vargas Hoyos, Ginett, und Gilberto González Horta. „Conformity assessment of a high-performance liquid chromatography calibration.“ In 16th International Congress of Metrology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201305003.
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Synovec, Robert E. „Novel approaches in detector instrumentation for process liquid chromatography“. In ADVANCES IN LASER SCIENCE−IV. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38611.
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Shakir, Sabreen, Seemaa Hameed Ahmed, Ahmed Jamal Ibrahim Al-Dulaimi und Adnan Majeed Mohammad Alsamarraie. „Determination of loratadine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)“. In 1ST SAMARRA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES (SICPS2021): SICPS2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121444.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Liquid chromatography":
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Quinlin, W. T., und C. L. Schaffer. Laboratory solvent reuse -- Liquid chromatography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10138435.
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Wong, Camille Hing. Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation and Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1602738.
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Goericke, Ralf. Acquisition of a Liquid Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353903.
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Goericke, Ralf. DURIP: Acquisition of a Liquid-chromatography / Mass-spectrometry System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628450.
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Ni, Jing. Towards Chip Scale Liquid Chromatography and High Throughput Immunosensing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764621.
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Keller, David W. Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography: Theoretical investigations and applications from the perspectives of chromatography and interfacial electrochemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850043.
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Logue, B. A., B. J. Pieper und S. D. Royster-Cunningham. Investigation of Soman Adducts of Human Hemoglobin by Liquid Chromatography. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443087.
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Sepaniak, M. J., und K. D. Cook. Capillary liquid chromatography using laser-based and mass spectrometric detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5055092.
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Munavalli, Shekhar, und Edward M. Jakubowski. Thermospray Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Mustard and Its Metabolites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210095.
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Sepaniak, M. J., und K. D. Cook. Capillary liquid chromatography using laser-based and mass spectrometric detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6332644.
