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Rahayu, Silpia, und Trisnendri Syahrizal. „TEACHER TALK IN YOUNG LEARNERS� CLASSROOM INTERACTION“. Indonesian EFL Journal 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v6i1.2651.
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In English Foreign Language (EFL) class, learners are not familiar with English in daily conversation, except several learners who have background in using English in their home or environment. Therefore, teacher plays a significant role as facilitator to introduce them into the language. This study aims to describe teacher talk and students talk as well as the way teacher talk is realized in young learners� classroom interaction by applying a descriptive method. The fifth grade classroom interaction at a primary school in Majalengka was recorded as the sample of the analysis. The data gained through observation was in the form of transcribed interaction. Besides, interview was also used to collect the data. To analyze the data, this study employed Flanders Interaction Analyzed Categories. Upon analyzing the data, the following findings are identified; 1) Accepting feeings (2 occuraces); 2) Encouragement (17 occuraces); 3) Accepting or using ideas of learners (54 occuraces); 4) Asking questions (142 occuraces); 5) lecturing (49 occuraces); 6) Giving directions (53 occuraces); 7) Criticizing learners behaviour (9 occuraces); 8) Learners-response (151 occuraces); 9) Learners-initiation (7 occuraces); and 10) Period of silence or confusion (8 occuraces). Finally, the use of similar activity for too long will make young learners feel bored, therefore, teacher needs to provide variety and more meaningful activities. In this case, teacher can use various techniques to stimulate learners� response. Besides, creating group discussion will give more opportunity to the learners to talk and learn from their peers.Keywords: teaching speaking; teacher talk; students talk; young learners.
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Rantesalu, Syani Bombongan. „Kompetensi Pedagogik Menurut Analisis Ulangan 6:7-9 dengan Pendekatan Hermeneutik Schleiermacher“. BIA': Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual 1, Nr. 2 (30.12.2018): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34307/b.v1i2.14.
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A Primary educator is that parents have an obligation to educate their children to know God. God through Moses ordered the parents of the Israelites to love God with all their heart and not only be limited to that but then also taught their children about God. The method delivered by Moses, which must be done by parents is to teach repeatedly, talk at all times, tie it to the hands and forehead and write on the door and the gate. From these four methods it can be concluded that Moses commanded the Israelites to love God by the method of teaching repeatedly, talking at all times, binding to their hands and forehead and writing on the door of the house and gate, then every Israelite looked at God in sacredness and studied God in the context of life with, so that the teachings of God are one with the child and are realized in every life.Abstrak: Pendidik yang utama adalah para orang tua yang memiliki kewajiban untuk mendidik anak-anak mereka untuk mengenal Allah. Allah melalui Musa memerintahkan agar para orang tua di Israel untuk mengasihi Allah dengan segenap hati dan tidak hanya terbatas pada hal tersebut, melainkan juga mengajarkan anak-anak mereka tentang Allah. Metode yang diajarkan oleh Musa agar para orang tua mengajarkan hal tersebut kepada anak-anak secara berulang-ulang, membicarakannya dalam segala waktu, mengikatnya di tangan dan dahi mereka serta menuliskannya pada pintu rumah dan pintu gerbang. Dari empat metode ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Musa memberikan perintah orang-orang Israel untuk mengasihi Allah dengan cara mengajarkannya secara berulang-ulang, membicarakannya di segala waktu, mengikatnya pada tangan dan dahi, serta menulikannya pada pintu dan gerbang, maka setiap anak-anak Israel akan memandang Allah dengan kekudusan dan belajar tentang Allah melalui kehidupan, sehingga pengajaran tentang Allah dinyatakan dalam setiap kehidupan.
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Earhart, Becky, Meaghan C. Danby, Sonja P. Brubacher, Martine B. Powell und Stefanie Sharman. „A Comparison of Responses to Substantive Transition Prompts in Interviews With Children“. Child Maltreatment 23, Nr. 3 (21.02.2018): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518756827.
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This study examined children’s responses to two alternate prompts used to transition to the substantive phase of an interview. Children ( N = 401) experienced four scripted events and were later interviewed. After rapport building, half of the children were asked, “Tell me what you’re here to talk to me about today,” whereas the other half were asked, “Tell me why you’re here to talk to me today.” Children’s responses were coded as informative (e.g., nouns) or uninformative (e.g., “don’t know”). The what prompt elicited more informative responses than the why prompt, and 7- to 9-year-olds were more informative than 5- to 6-year-olds regardless of the type of prompt they received. Given that the what prompt elicited more informative responses, the present study provides initial support for this phrasing when forensic interviewers transition to the substantive phase.
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Rancaño, Katherine, Misha Eliasziw, Rebecca Puhl, Margie Skeer und Aviva Must. „Exposure to Negative Weight Talk From Family Members Is Associated With Weight Bias Internalization in Children“. Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (Juni 2021): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab055_051.
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Abstract Objectives Frequent exposure to negative familial weight talk (NFWT), such as teasing or critical comments about weight from family members, may contribute to weight bias internalization (WBI) in children. WBI entails applying negative weight-based stereotypes to oneself and results in self-devaluation. Higher levels of WBI are linked to adverse outcomes, such as low self-esteem and disordered eating. We examined the association between NFWT exposure and WBI in a diverse sample of children from the Greater Boston Area. Methods Baseline data on 137 parent-child dyads were analyzed. Children, 9–14yo, completed six items measuring NFWT frequency on a 6-point Likert scale (“never” to “almost every day”) from parents, siblings, and other household family members. Responses were converted to times in the past 3 months, summed, and dichotomized as < 9 times vs. ≥9 times. Children completed the WBI Scale–Modified indicating their agreement with applying negative weight-based statements to themselves on a 6-point Likert scale (“strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”). Responses were averaged and the mean WBI score was dichotomized as “low” (<3.0) versus “moderate-high” (≥3.0). Results Over half (52%) of the children were girls and 30% had overweight/obesity (BMI > 85th percentile). Half of the parents were non-Hispanic white. The mean child WBI score was 2.1 (SD = 0.9) and 15% had moderate-high levels of WBI. The median NFWT frequency was 0 (IQR = 6.0) and 25% reported NFWT ≥ 9 times. Children exposed to NFWT ≥ 9 times were 8.2 times more likely to have moderate-high levels of WBI than children exposed to NFWT < 9 times in the past 3 months (prevalence ratio = 8.2, 95%CI = 3.4 to 20.0, P < 0.001, by log binomial regression adjusted for child weight and parent race/ethnicity). Conclusions Family members appear to be a salient source of weight stigma in children. Exposure to NFWT as little as 3 times per month was significantly associated with moderate-high levels of WBI in this diverse sample of children. More research is needed to understand the impact of NFWT on child WBI, such as differences across racial/ethnic groups, by source (i.e., parents versus siblings), and across the lifespan. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
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Devi, Nischala Joy. „Touching the Oneness: What to Do When Nothing Else Works“. International Journal of Yoga Therapy 18, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.18.1.n179j270354p7u3m.
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The following article is a lightly edited transcript of a talk given by Nischala Joy Devi at the 2008 Symposium on Yoga Therapy and Research (SYTAR) held in Los Angeles, CA, March 6-9, 2008. Nischala Joy Devi is a masterful and compassionate teacher and healer. She was a monastic student of Yogiraj Sri Swami Satchidananda and spent over 18 years receiving his direct guidance and teachings. During her time as a monk, she began to blend Western medicine with Yoga and meditation. She helped develop the Yoga portion of the Dean Ornish Program for Reversing Heart Disease, and now leads Yoga of the Heart trainings for Yoga teachers and therapists. She is the author of The Healing Path of Yoga and The Secret Power of Yoga. The transcribed talk was part of a series of case presentations entitled "This is What I Do as a Yoga Therapist."
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Tůma, František. „Dialogism and classroom interaction in English language teaching: A review of Czech research“. Pedagogická orientace 24, Nr. 6 (24.11.2014): 878–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pedor2014-6-878.
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Cílem předkládané studie je podat přehled o českém výzkumu interakce ve výuce angličtiny. Interakci chápeme jako vzájemné ovlivňování mezi učitelem a žáky během výuky. Na interakci ve třídě nahlížíme pohledem dialogismu, který chápeme jako teoretický a epistemologický rámec předpokládající interakci jako jednotku analýzy. V přehledové studii analyzujeme 9 empirických studií uveřejněných v letech 2006–2014 jako články v časopise, knihy, kapitoly v knize nebo disertační práce. Tyto studie byly kriticky analyzovány z pohledu dialogismu. Významným zjištěním je například skutečnost, že řada studií se zabývala jazykem učitele (teacher talk), především otázkami učitele a používáním cílového a mateřského jazyka. Tyto a další oblasti výzkumu porovnáváme s odrazem zahraniční situace ve vybraných přehledech výzkumu a poukazujeme na mezery v tuzemském výzkumu. Co se týče metodologie výzkumu (a s ní souvisejících teoretických východisek), řada studií při analýze interakce ve třídě abstrahovala od kontextu. Činnost jednotlivců (učitele, žáků) tvořila v řadě studií analytickou jednotku spíše než samotná interakce. Tato zjištění naznačují, že v empirickém výzkumu nebyl dialogismus příliš uplatněn.
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Pinderhughes, Dianne. „DISGUST, VISIBLE VENERATION, AND ROSA PARKS: African American Visions of a Democratic America“. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 2, Nr. 2 (September 2005): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x05050228.
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Melissa Victoria Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004, 336 pages, ISBN: 0-691-11405-6, Cloth, $37.95.Barbara Ransby, Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2003, 496 pages, ISBN: 0-8078-2778-9, Cloth, $34.95, ISBN: 0-8078-5616-9, Paper, $19.95.Ange-Marie Hancock, The Politics of Disgust: The Public Identity of the Welfare Queen. New York: New York University Press, 2004, 210 pages, ISBN: 0-814-736-580, Cloth, $60.00, ISBN: 0-814-736-70X, Paper, $20.00.
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Bowler, Rebecca. „Unveiling the nature of the brightest z > 6 galaxies with ALMA and JWST“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S352 (Juni 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320001088.
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AbstractThe very brightest z > 6 galaxies are ideal laboratories for studying the physical properties of star-forming objects into the epoch of reionization. Selected from degree-scale, ground-based fields, these rare objects provide a key insight into early dust production and may harbour faint AGN. Targeted follow-up of small samples have unexpectedly shown both Lyman-alpha emission and other rest-frame UV lines (e.g CIV and HeII), suggesting unique star-formation conditions (or AGN) at early times. Furthermore, ALMA observations have revealed that 75% of the star-formation in these galaxies may be obscured. I will talk about HST/ALMA follow-up of bright z ∼ 7 LBGs in COSMOS and present new results from even brighter samples from z = 6 – 9 selected over ∼ 5 deg2. The power of both ALMA and JWST, coupled with the intrinsic luminosity of these sources, will provide a unique insight into the formation and evolution of vigorously star-forming galaxies in the first billion years.
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Buzaglo, Joanne S., Melissa F. Miller, Victoria Kennedy, Margaret Longacre, Mitch Golant und Patricia A. Robinson. „Cancer-related distress and unmet needs among newly diagnosed and longer-term cancer survivors from a community-based distress screening program.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, Nr. 3_suppl (20.01.2016): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.220.
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220 Background: As survival rates increase among cancer patients, quality of life needs become more salient. Cancer Support Source (CSS) is a distress screening, referral and follow up program that uses a validated distress screening tool and referral algorithm to link cancer patients to resources tailored to their needs. The objective of this study was to describe psychosocial concerns and unmet needs at different times since cancer diagnosis. Methods: English speaking cancer survivors (n = 905) across 26 affiliates of a nationwide cancer support organization participated in the CSS program by first completing a screening tool, including a 4 item depression subscale. Participants rated the level of concern (0 to 4) about 15 items and identified the help they wanted for each item (talk with a member of your health care team and/or connect you with online resources). We used regression analysis, adjusting for age, to examine differences by time since diagnosis ( < 1 y; ≥ 1 y) in level of distress; type of concerns (rated ≥ 2); and items selected to talk with the health care team. Results: The sample was 78% female, 10% Latino, 9% Black, and median age 57 y. 41% were breast cancer survivors, 6% lung, and 6% colorectal. More than half were within 1 y of their diagnosis (61%, n = 507); 39% ≥ 1 y (n = 331). Those newly diagnosed ( < 1 y) had significantly higher levels of distress (p = 0.011); increased risk for depression (p = 0.007); and more likely to be concerned about changes in work, school, or home life; body image; feeling nervous or afraid; worry about the future; and making a treatment decision (p < 0.05). Among those who indicated that an item was a concern, newly diagnosed patients were significantly more likely to want to talk to their health care team about pain; financial worries; exercising; feeling lonely or isolated; feeling nervous or afraid; and worry about the future (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients are more distressed and more likely to want to talk about their psychosocial needs within the first year of a cancer diagnosis. Future research should evaluate efforts to provide tailored resources within the first year of a diagnosis when distress levels are highest.
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Cambre, Martha. „Let’s talk in Medellín: XIV RedPOP Congress “Art, Technology and Science: New ways to know”“. Journal of Science Communication 14, Nr. 03 (29.09.2015): R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.14030601.
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RedPOP celebrates its 25th anniversary and the congress was a great occasion to commemorate it. More than 400 attendees from 23 countries around the world had the opportunity to talk about the relationship between art, science, education, public policy on science appropriation, science journalism, and new ways to reach the public audience. At the same time a Science Theater Festival was held. The Congress in numbers: 5 Magisterial Conferences, 245 simultaneous presentations, 8 Working Groups, 9 simultaneous Workshops, 22 poster and 6 theater plays. 10 countries from Latin America (90Conversation was essential in this congress and everything was prepared to motivate it. Participants had the opportunity to hear voices from Latin America an outside of it through the international keynote. The challenging issues that were raised in the plenary sessions as well as the opportunity to make heard their voices during the Working Groups and to be able to work in the Workshops with the keynote speakers, made this a motivational meeting.
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Sterman, Adam, Regina Hanstein und David C. Spray. „The role of pannexin 1 in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, Nr. 29_suppl (10.10.2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.6.
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6 Background: CIPN is a debilitating side effect and dose limiting toxicity of anticancer drug therapies. CIPN induces pathological changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), leading to increased cross-talk between sensory neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs), specifically ATP mediated SGC-neuron signaling. We therefore investigated CIPN in mice with neuron- or glia-specific deletion of the ATP-releasing channel Pannexin 1 (Panx 1). Methods: To induce CIPN, mice were given two i.p. oxaliplatin (oxa) injections two days apart. Controls received saline (sal). We used C57Bl6 wildtype and transgenic mice with neuron- or glia-specific Panx1 deletion (NFHcre or GFAPcre:Panx1F/F) and littermate controls (Panx1F/F), 7-11 per group. Tactile sensitivity of the hindpaws was assessed prior to and every week after injections for 3 weeks using von Frey filaments. The number of paw withdrawals to 10 stimulations with each filament and pain thresholds (corresponding to filament that elicits 8/10 responses) were recorded. Overall mouse condition was assessed using Open Field Tests. Results: C57Bl6 mice developed transient tactile hypersensitivity after oxa injection, which was most prominent at day 9 and ceased at day 21. Oxa-injected mice had lower tactile thresholds (at 9 days: sal 5.5±0.3g vs. oxa 2.7±0.4g, p < 0.001) and higher response rates to filaments compared to sal-injected controls (p < 0.05), but revealed no changes in any other behavior. Mice with glia-specific Panx1 deletion did not display significant tactile hypersensitivity at any time after oxa (tactile threshold at 9 days: sal 5.5±0.3g vs. oxa 5.8±0.2g), whereas oxa induced tactile hypersensitivity did occur in mice with neuron-specific Panx1 deletion (at 9 days: sal 6±0g vs. oxa 1.3±0g, p < 0.0001) and Panx1F/F littermates (at 9 days: sal 6.0±0g vs. oxa 1.3±0.1g, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: We found that oxaliplatin induces transient CIPN, but no other behavioral changes in wildtype mice. Deletion of the ATP-releasing channel Panx1 in glia, but not in neurons, prevented CIPN development. This points to a new molecule (Panx1) and a new cell type (glia) as potential novel targets for pain therapy.
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Sanjaya, Lia, Budi Marwoto und Kurniawan Budiarto. „Evaluation of In Vitro Culture Medium for Conservation of Chrysanthemum Varieties under Different Storage Environment“. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 25, Nr. 1 (20.05.2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v25n1.2019.p33-42.
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<p>In vitro technique for conservation of genetic resources of chrysanthemum was developed through the application of selected medium under different storage conditions. The research was conducted from June 2014 to October 2016. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design which consisted of three chrysanthemum varieties and seven medium formulations and maintained in two storage conditions, i.e. low-temperature and ambient room conditions. The results showed that plantlet of all varieties conserved under ½ MS + 6% sucrose had higher survivals and slighter death rates after 4, 7, and 9 months. Lowtemperature condition provided more suitable circumstances for the respected medium to preserve the plantlet life during 9 months of in vitro storage. Under these conditions, the plantlet survivals ranged 51.3–66.3%. While among the chrysanthemum varieties, Monalisa had highest plantlet survivals than Merahayani and Town Talk.</p>
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Yang, Huanming. „Free availability of the human genome sequence data and confidentiality of the individual genetic information: A written talk at: Genomics 2000: science and mankind, Annecy, France 1-6 May, 2000“. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 324, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2001): 1093–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(01)01401-9.
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Mumford, Petey W., Matthew A. Romero, Xuansong Mao, C. Brooks Mobley, Wesley C. Kephart, Cody T. Haun, Paul A. Roberson et al. „Cross talk between androgen and Wnt signaling potentially contributes to age-related skeletal muscle atrophy in rats“. Journal of Applied Physiology 125, Nr. 2 (01.08.2018): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2017.
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We sought to determine whether age-related gastrocnemius muscle mass loss was associated with parallel decrements in androgen receptor (AR) or select Wnt signaling markers. To test this hypothesis, serum-free and total testosterone (TEST) and gastrocnemius AR and Wnt signaling markers were analyzed in male Fischer 344 rats that were 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo (mo) old ( n = 9 per group). Free and total TEST was greatest in 6 mo rats, and AR protein and Wnt5 protein levels linearly declined with aging. There were associations between Wnt5 protein levels and relative gastrocnemius mass ( r = 0.395, P = 0.007) as well as AR and Wnt5 protein levels (r = 0.670, P < 0.001). We next tested the hypothesis that Wnt5 affects muscle fiber size by treating C2C12-derived myotubes with lower (75 ng/ml) and higher (150 ng/ml) concentrations of recombinant Wnt5a protein. Both treatments increased myotube size ( P < 0.05) suggesting this ligand may affect muscle fiber size in vivo. We next tested if Wnt5a protein levels were androgen-modulated by examining 10-mo-old male Fischer 344 rats ( n = 10–11 per group) that were orchiectomized and treated with testosterone-enanthate (TEST-E); trenbolone enanthate (TREN), a nonaromatizable synthetic testosterone analogue; or a vehicle (ORX only) for 4 wk. Interestingly, TEST-E and TREN treatments increased Wnt5a protein in the androgen-sensitive levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscle compared with ORX only ( P < 0.05). To summarize, aromatizable and nonaromatizable androgens increase Wnt5a protein expression in skeletal muscle, age-related decrements in muscle AR may contribute Wnt5a protein decrements, and our in vitro data imply this mechanism may contribute to age-related muscle loss. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results from this study demonstrate androgen and Wnt5 protein expression decrease with aging, and this may be a mechanism involved with age-related muscle loss.
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Kim, Paul D., Xia Xia-Juan, Katie E. Crump, Toshiharu Abe, George Hajishengallis und Sinem E. Sahingur. „Toll-Like Receptor 9-Mediated Inflammation Triggers Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Murine Periodontitis“. Infection and Immunity 83, Nr. 7 (11.05.2015): 2992–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00424-15.
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Chronic periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiotic microbiota and leading to destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. Microbial nucleic acids are abundantly present in the periodontium, derived through release after phagocytic uptake of microbes and/or from biofilm-associated extracellular DNA. Binding of microbial DNA to its cognate receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), can trigger inflammation. In this study, we utilized TLR9 knockout (TLR9−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) controls in a murine model ofPorphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis and report the firstin vivoevidence that TLR9 signaling mediates the induction of periodontal bone loss.P. gingivalis-infected WT mice exhibited significantly increased bone loss compared to that in sham-infected WT mice orP. gingivalis-infected TLR9−/−mice, which were resistant to bone loss. Consistent with this, the expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) were significantly elevated in the gingival tissues of the infected WT mice but not in infected TLR9−/−mice compared to their levels in controls.Ex vivostudies using splenocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed significantly diminished cytokine production in TLR9−/−cells relative to the cytokine production in WT cells in response toP. gingivalis, thereby implicating TLR9 in inflammatory responses to this organism. Intriguingly, compared to the cytokine production in WT cells, TLR9−/−cells exhibited significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine production upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4 agonist) or Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist), suggesting possible cross talk between TLR9, TLR4, and TLR2. Collectively, our results provide the first proof-of-concept evidence implicating TLR9-triggered inflammation in periodontal disease pathogenesis, thereby identifying a new potential therapeutic target to control periodontal inflammation.
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Michielon, Elisabetta, Marta López González, Judith L. A. Burm, Taco Waaijman, Ekaterina S. Jordanova, Tanja D. de Gruijl und Susan Gibbs. „Micro-environmental cross-talk in an organotypic human melanoma-in-skin model directs M2-like monocyte differentiation via IL-10“. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 69, Nr. 11 (07.06.2020): 2319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-020-02626-4.
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Abstract Preclinical assessment of novel therapies to fight cancer requires models that reflect the human physiology and immune response. Here, we established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed organotypic human melanoma-in-skin (Mel-RhS) model to investigate cellular and molecular features of tumor formation over a period of 6 weeks. Tumor nests developed over time at the epidermal–dermal junction and spread towards the dermis, in places disrupting the basement membrane. This coincided with secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) by melanoma cells. These features resemble the initial stages of invasive melanoma. Interestingly, while the SK-MEL-28 cell line did not secrete detectable levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in traditional two-dimensional monolayers, it did express IL-10 in the 3D Mel-RhS, as did the surrounding keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This cellular cross-talk-induced secretion of IL-10 in the Mel-RhS indicated the generation of an immune suppressive microenvironment. Culture supernatants from Mel-RhS interfered with monocyte-to-dendritic-cell differentiation, leading to the development of M2-like macrophages, which was in part prevented by antibody-mediated IL-10 blockade. Indeed, high-dimensional single-cell analysis revealed a shift within the monocyte population away from a CD163+PD-L1+ M2-like phenotype upon IL-10 blockade. Thus, the 3D configuration of the Mel-RhS model revealed a role for IL-10 in immune escape through misdirected myeloid differentiation, which would have been missed in classical monolayer cultures.
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Yiwei, W. „Internal Сivilizational Content – Civilizational“. Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 9, Nr. 6 (24.07.2018): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2016-9-6-76-87.
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From the point of the human civilization history the main purpose of “One Belt, One Road’ Project is to revise the provisions of west-oriented ideology according to which the continental civilizations are subordinate to the maritime ones and the East is subordinate to the West. At the same time, “One Belt, One Road’ Project helps to restore through the return of Eurasia as the center of world civilization and is aimed at the creation of a foundation for a new civilization based on the principles of “unity of man and heaven” and “unity of man and the sea”. From the point of Chinese civilization history, the above-mentioned Project contributes to its triune transformation: the transition from a continental type of civilization to the maritime one, from an agrarian civilization to an industrial one, from a regional civilization to a global one. «One Belt, One Road» Project shows the increased consciousness of Chinese civilization, reflects its self-confidence and is an expression of the theoretical, practical and philosophical aspects of Chinese wisdom, creating the “effect of three fives”: changes unseen over the five-thousand-year history by which a transformation of the traditional Chinese culture is meant; changes unseen over the last five hundred years by which the renewal of modern civilization is meant; changes unseen over the past fifty years by which a realization of the Chinese dream is meant. Together they lead to a simultaneous revival and transformation of an ancient civilization, and also allow us to talk about the conjugation of the Chinese and world dreams.
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Barrett-O’Keefe, Zachary, Melissa A. H. Witman, John Mcdaniel, Anette S. Fjeldstad, Joel D. Trinity, Stephen J. Ives, Jamie D. Conklin et al. „Angiotensin II potentiates α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in the elderly“. Clinical Science 124, Nr. 6 (27.11.2012): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120424.
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Aging is characterized by increased sympatho-excitation, expressed through both the α-adrenergic and RAAS (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone) pathways. Although the independent contribution of these two pathways to elevated vasoconstriction with age may be substantial, significant cross-talk exists that could produce potentiating effects. To examine this interaction, 14 subjects (n=8 young, n=6 old) underwent brachial artery catheterization for administration of AngII (angiotensin II; 0.8–25.6 ng/dl per min), NE [noradrenaline (norepinephrine); 2.5–80 ng/dl per min] and AngII with concomitant α-adrenergic antagonism [PHEN (phentolamine); 10 μg/dl per min]. Ultrasound Doppler was utilized to determine blood flow, and therefore vasoconstriction, in both infused and contralateral (control) limbs. Arterial blood pressure was measured directly, and sympathetic nervous system activity was assessed via microneurography and plasma NE analysis. AngII sensitivity was significantly greater in the old, indicated by both greater maximal vasoconstriction (−59±4% in old against −48±3% in young) and a decreased EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) (1.4±0.2 ng/dl per min in old against 2.6±0.7 μg/dl per min in young), whereas the maximal NE-mediated vasoconstriction was similar between these groups (−58±9% in old and −62±5% in young). AngII also increased venous NE in the old group, but was unchanged in the young group. In the presence of α-adrenergic blockade (PHEN), maximal AngII-mediated vasoconstriction in the old was restored to that of the young (−43±8% in old and −39±6% in young). These findings indicate that, with healthy aging, the increased AngII-mediated vasoconstriction may be attributed, in part, to potentiation of the α-adrenergic pathway, and suggest that cross-talk between the RAAS and adrenergic systems may be an important consideration in therapeutic strategies targeting these two pathways.
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Abbasian, Javaneh, und Damiano Rondelli. „Early Cross-Talk between Cord Blood CD34+ or CD133+ Cells and Allogeneic T Cells Regulates the Differentiation of Dendritic Cell Precursors.“ Blood 104, Nr. 11 (16.11.2004): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2141.2141.
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Abstract It has been previously described that CD34+ blood or marrow progenitors expressing costimulatory ligands are committed to the dendritic cell (DC) lineage. In this study we addressed the question of whether initial contact with allogeneic lymphocytes may differently affect hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) with alloantigen presenting capacity. Human CD34+ and CD133+ cord blood (CB) cells were obtained after immunomagnetic purification. Initially, both HSC fractions were irradiated and tested with allogeneic blood mononuclear cells (MNC) (ratio 1:2) in primary mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) for 6 d. CD34+ and CD133+ CB cells induced similar activation of allo-responders, with increased numbers of CD3+CD69+, CD3+CD25+ and CD8+CD134+ (OX-40+) cells, as well as allogeneic T cell proliferative response (mean Stimulation Index: 19±5 and 16±5, respectively) (n=6). Then, to evaluate the effect of allogeneic effectors on HSC, we tested non-irradiated CD34+ or CD133+ cells in co-culture with irradiated allogeneic MNC or purified T-cells for 6 d, or with medium alone as control, and observed a brisk proliferation of both HSC fractions only upon stimulation with allogeneic cells (mean Stimulation Index: 17±2; n=3). Interestingly, costimulatory blockade with CTLA4-Ig resulted in 70% inhibition of HSC proliferation, suggesting that B7:CD28 signaling is necessary to the T cell-mediated HSC growth. Finally, CD34+ or CD133+ cells that had been cocultured with irradiated allogeneic T cells for 6 d, were harvested, irradiated and rechallenged as stimulators in MLC (S:R ratio=1:2). Progenitors derived from both CD34+ and CD133+ cells induced a significantly greater T cell alloresponse as compared to the same freshly isolated HSC (overall mean Stimulation Index: 134±54 vs 24±8, p=0.03; n=4 exp). The phenotypic kinetics of CD34+ and CD133+ CB cells upon contact with irradiated T cells, showed a rapid upregulation of CD86 within 24 h (on average from 2±1% to 7±2%, and from <1% to 4±1%, respectively, n=3), and at 3 and 6 d of culture both CD34+ and CD133+ CB cells progressively became larger and included a population of HLA-DR+CD14+CD86+CD11c+ progenitors, on average 16% of cultured progenitors (n=3), consistent with the phenotype of DC precursors. In addition, irradiated allogeneic lymphocytes induced the generation of CD1a+ DC after 8 d of culture with CD34+ cells or CD133+ cells (7% and 9% CD1a+ cells, respectively), in the absence of exogenous cytokines. Therefore, we show here that CB CD34+ and CD133+ are similarly enriched in progenitors capable of stimulating allogeneic T cell responses in-vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that an early crosstalk of cord blood HSC (CD34+ and CD133+ cells) and allogeneic T cells leads to the reciprocal activation and to the rapid proliferation and differentiation of DC precursors, that elicit potent alloimmune responses. Future studies aimed at either selectively abrogating this subset of progenitors, or blocking HSC-induced T cell activation, will be developed in the attempt of facilitating the induction of tolerance in allogeneic HSC transplantation.
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Liu, Xingguang, Ming Yao, Nan Li, Chunmei Wang, Yuanyuan Zheng und Xuetao Cao. „CaMKII promotes TLR-triggered proinflammatory cytokine and type I interferon production by directly binding and activating TAK1 and IRF3 in macrophages“. Blood 112, Nr. 13 (15.12.2008): 4961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-03-144022.
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Abstract Calcium and its major downstream effector, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), are found to be important for the functions of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to induce intracellular calcium release in macrophages; however, whether and how CaMKII is required for Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that TLR 4, 9, and 3 ligands markedly induce intracellular calcium fluxes and activate CaMKII-α in macrophages. Selective inhibition or RNA interference of CaMKII significantly suppresses TLR4, 9, 3-triggered production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-α/β (IFN-α/β) in macrophages. Coincidently, overexpression of constitutively active CaMKII-α significantly enhances production of the above cytokines. In addition to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB pathways, CaMKII-α can directly bind and phosphorylate transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3; serine on 386) via the N-terminal part of its regulatory domain. Therefore, CaMKII can be activated by TLR ligands, and in turn promotes both myeloid differentiating factor 88 and Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing IFN-β–dependent inflammatory responses by directly activating TAK1 and IRF3. The cross-talk with the calcium/CaMKII pathway is needed for full activation of TLR signaling in macrophages.
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Wu, Yu-Rui, Tzu-Jung Chou, Yi-Jen Wang, Jaw-Shiun Tsai, Shao-Yi Cheng, Chien-An Yao, Jen-Kuei Peng, Wen-Yu Hu, Tai-Yuan Chiu und Hsien-Liang Huang. „Smartphone-Enabled, Telehealth-Based Family Conferences in Palliative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Observational Study“. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, Nr. 10 (28.10.2020): e22069. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22069.
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Background In the palliative care setting, infection control measures implemented due to COVID-19 have become barriers to end-of-life care discussions (eg, discharge planning and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments) between patients, their families, and multidisciplinary medical teams. Strict restrictions in terms of visiting hours and the number of visitors have made it difficult to arrange in-person family conferences. Phone-based telehealth consultations may be a solution, but the lack of nonverbal cues may diminish the clinician-patient relationship. In this context, video-based, smartphone-enabled family conferences have become important. Objective We aimed to establish a smartphone-enabled telehealth model for palliative care family conferences. Our model integrates principles from the concept of shared decision making (SDM) and the value, acknowledge, listen, understand, and elicit (VALUE) approach. Methods Family conferences comprised three phases designed according to telehealth implementation guidelines—the previsit, during-visit, and postvisit phases. We incorporated the following SDM elements into the model: “team talk,” “option talk,” and “decision talk.” The model has been implemented at a national cancer treatment center in Taiwan since February 2020. Results From February to April 2020, 14 telehealth family conferences in the palliative care unit were analyzed. The patients’ mean age was 73 (SD 10.1) years; 6 out of 14 patients (43%) were female and 12 (86%) were married. The primary caregiver joining the conference virtually comprised mostly of spouses and children (n=10, 71%). The majority of participants were terminally ill patients with cancer (n=13, 93%), with the exception of 1 patient with stroke. Consensus on care goals related to discharge planning and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments was reached in 93% (n=13) of cases during the family conferences. In total, 5 families rated the family conferences as good or very good (36%), whereas 9 were neutral (64%). Conclusions Smartphone-enabled telehealth for palliative care family conferences with SDM and VALUE integration demonstrated high satisfaction for families. In most cases, it was effective in reaching consensus on care decisions. The model may be applied to other countries to promote quality in end-of-life care in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Fábregas, Antonio. „Periphrases in Spanish: properties, diagnostics and research questions“. Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 8, Nr. 2 (24.10.2019): 1–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.8.2.4944.
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This article provides an overview of the main facts and analytical problems that relate to verbal periphrases. The article is structured as follows. In §1 I provide an overview of the main criteria for being a periphrasis, and the constructions that it should be differentiated from. §2 is devoted to the nature of the auxiliary verb, and its limits with other types of verbs. In §3 I talk about the auxiliated verb, and the linking element that sometimes appears in connection to it. §4 briefly discusses the main structure of a periphrasis, and is followed by a few sections about the syntactic behaviour of these linguistic objects. §5 discusses the behaviour of clitics within periphrases; §6 talks about the selectional restrictions; §7 talks about the behaviour of passives with these structures. §8 discusses the semantic classification of periphrases and some of the research problems that they trigger. §9 talks about sequences of periphrases, and their additional restrictions.
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Sirotkin, Vladimir, Christopher C. Beltzner, Jean-Baptiste Marchand und Thomas D. Pollard. „Interactions of WASp, myosin-I, and verprolin with Arp2/3 complex during actin patch assembly in fission yeast“. Journal of Cell Biology 170, Nr. 4 (08.08.2005): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200502053.
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Yeast actin patches are dynamic structures that form at the sites of cell growth and are thought to play a role in endocytosis. We used biochemical analysis and live cell imaging to investigate actin patch assembly in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Patch assembly proceeds via two parallel pathways: one dependent on WASp Wsp1p and verprolin Vrp1p converges with another dependent on class 1 myosin Myo1p to activate the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex. Wsp1p activates Arp2/3 complex via a conventional mechanism, resulting in branched filaments. Myo1p is a weaker Arp2/3 complex activator that makes unstable branches and is enhanced by verprolin. During patch assembly in vivo, Wsp1p and Vrp1p arrive first independent of Myo1p. Arp2/3 complex associates with nascent activator patches over 6–9 s while remaining stationary. After reaching a maximum concentration, Arp2/3 complex patches move centripetally as activator proteins dissociate. Genetic dependencies of patch formation suggest that patch formation involves cross talk between Myo1p and Wsp1p/Vrp1p pathways.
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Simonsick, Eleanor M., Eleanor Simonsick, Ann Z. Moore, Michelle Shardell, Nancy C. Shaffer und Toshiko Tanaka. „THE BALTIMORE LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGING: OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S AGING AND HEALTH“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S355—S356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1290.
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Abstract The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), an ongoing continuous enrollment cohort study of normative aging established in 1958 currently conducted by the NIA Intramural Research Program, began including women in 1978. To date, nearly 1200 women aged 17-94 at enrollment (median=53 Q1-Q3=40-70) have been followed for up to 21 visits spanning 40 years (median visits=6; Q1-Q3=3-9). Over 3 days, participants receive comprehensive examinations, interviews, imaging and functional and cognitive evaluations; repeat visits occur every 1-4 years depending on age. The BLSA offers opportunities to examine distributions of, change in and interrelationships among several rarely concurrently ascertained parameters (e.g., cardiovascular fitness, resting metabolic rate, glucose challenge response, five-factor personality, brain volumes, and diet) over the life course and across birth cohorts. The BLSA also maintains an extensive biorepository. This talk will summarize the extensive measurement catalogue and timeline and provide illustrative examples from ongoing research on women’s aging and health.
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Bridi, A., I. Motta, G. Andrade, M. Del Collado, A. Ávila, L. Silva, G. Pugliesi, F. Meirelles, J. Silveira und F. Perecin. „91 Invivo- and invitro-produced bovine embryos have different microRNA profiles after invitro individual culture“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, Nr. 2 (2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab91.
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Invivo- and invitro-produced bovine embryos have different metabolic characteristics, embryonic development, and gene transcription. Additionally, pregnancy rates at 30 days (on average 51% and 34% when using fixed-time AI and invitro production, respectively) are different in beef cattle. Between Days 8 and 17 of the oestrous cycle, concurrent with embryo-maternal recognition, is when 40% of embryonic losses occur. These losses may occur due to altered embryo-maternal cross-talk. MicroRNA (miRNA) can be involved in this communication; however, its potentially regulated pathways in invivo and invitro embryos on Day 9 are unknown. Our hypothesis is that bovine embryos produced invivo and invitro contain different miRNA profiles, even after invivo bovine embryo were invitro cultured. Cows had the follicular wave synchronized and were superovulated to produce invivo or invitro bovine embryos. For the invitro group, on Day −8 of the protocol, the dominant follicles were recovered by ovum pickup, and invitro embryo production was performed to obtain embryos. For the invivo group, on Day −8, the cows were inseminated 12 and 24h after GnRH analogue application and on Day 7 after expected oestrus, uterine flushing was performed to obtain the embryos. Embryos from both groups were individually cultured for 48h. Three pools (of 5 embryos each) per group were used for reverse transcription of miRNAs from total RNA using miScript II RT Kit (Qiagen). Relative levels of 383 bovine miRNAs were determined using the geometric mean of miR-99b, RNU43 snoRNA, and Hm/Ms/Rt U1 snRNA by RT-qPCR. Differences in relative levels of miRNAs were determined by Student's t-test. A total of 210 miRNAs were detected in invivo and invitro embryos, and 13 out of 210 were differently identified between the groups. In invivo embryos, 6 miRNAs were up-regulated, whereas 7 miRNAs were up-regulated in invitro embryos. TARGETSCAN software was used to identify genes predicted as modulated by each miRNA. The top 100 genes predicted were used to identify enriched pathways according to DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. The miRNAs (miR-129, miR-132, miR-155, miR-192, miR-215, and miR-377) up-regulated in invivo embryos modulated pathways that include signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (16 genes), TGF-β (11), hippo (10), oestrogen (8), and cell cycle (7). Moreover, miR-23a, miR-338, miR-34a, miR-491, miR-92b, miR-940, and miR-1271, which were increased in invitro embryos, regulate PI3K-Akt (17 genes), signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (10), oestrogen (9), toll-like receptor (9), Wnt (9), and HIF-1 (7). The results demonstrate that even after 48h of invitro culture, bovine embryos produced invivo and invitro have different miRNA profiles that modulate pathways associated with embryonic development on Day 9. Furthermore, these results suggest that bioactive molecules, such as miRNAs, can modify embryo-maternal cross-talk, depending on the environment where the embryos are produced. Funding was provided by FAPESP 2017/19681-9, 2014/22887-0, and 2018/13155-6.
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Gaume, Jacques, Véronique S. Grazioli, Sophie Paroz, Cristiana Fortini, Nicolas Bertholet und Jean-Bernard Daeppen. „Developing a brief motivational intervention for young adults admitted with alcohol intoxication in the emergency department – Results from an iterative qualitative design“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 2 (08.02.2021): e0246652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246652.
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Background Unhealthy alcohol use among young adults is a major public health concern. Brief motivational interventions for young adults in the Emergency Department (ED) have shown promising but inconsistent results. Methods Based on the literature on brief intervention and motivational interviewing efficacy and active ingredients, we developed a new motivational intervention model for young adults admitted in the ED with alcohol intoxication. Using an iterative qualitative design, we first pre-tested this model by conducting 4 experimental sessions and 8 related semi-structured interviews to evaluate clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions of the intervention’s acceptability and feasibility. We then conducted a consultation meeting with 9 international experts using a nominal group technique. The intervention model was adjusted and finally re-tested by conducting 6 new experimental sessions and 12 related semi-structured interviews. At each round, data collected were analyzed and discussed, and the intervention model updated accordingly. Results Based on the literature, we found 6 axes for developing a new model: High level of relational factors (e.g. empathy, alliance, avoidance of confrontation); Personalized feedback; Enhance discrepancy; Evoke change talk while softening sustain talk, strengthen ability and commitment to change; Completion of a change plan; Devote more time: longer sessions and follow-up options (face-to-face, telephone, or electronic boosters; referral to treatment). A qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews gave important insights regarding acceptability and feasibility of the model. Adjustments were made around which information to provide and how, as well as on how to deepen discussion about change with patients having low levels of self-exploration. The experts’ consultation addressed numerous points, such as information and advice giving, and booster interventions. Discussion This iterative, multi-component design resulted in the development of an intervention model embedded in recent research findings and theory advances, as well as feasible in a complex environment. The next step is a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of this model.
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Babaer, Duaa, Suneetha Amara, Brenda S. McAdory, Owen Johnson, Elbert L. Myles, Roy Zent, Jeffrey C. Rathmell und Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi. „Oligodeoxynucleotides ODN 2006 and M362 Exert Potent Adjuvant Effect through TLR-9/-6 Synergy to Exaggerate Mammaglobin-A Peptide Specific Cytotoxic CD8+T Lymphocyte Responses against Breast Cancer Cells“. Cancers 11, Nr. 5 (14.05.2019): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050672.
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Mammaglobin-A (MamA) is overexpressed in 40–80% of all human breast cancers. Recent phase I clinical trials of the MamA DNA vaccine showed encouraging safety outcomes. However, this vaccine elicited only a modest increase in MamA specific CD8+T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. As vaccine adjuvants play a critical role in enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficiency of vaccines, we tested the potential role of three synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN2216—class A ODN, ODN2006—class B ODN, and ODN M362—class C ODN) to further enhance MamA specific CTL responses. Towards this, naïve CD8+T cells were obtained from healthy HLA-A2+ human donors. The HLA-A2 specific immunodominant epitope of MamA, MamA2.1 (LIYDSSLCDL), was utilized to activate naïve CD8+T cells. The THP-1 (HLA-A2+) cells were used as antigen presenting cells to stimulate naïve CD8+T cells along with (or without) co-treatment of various ODNs mentioned above. Activation of naïve CD8+T cells with the MamA2.1 peptide along with ODNs demonstrated enhanced MamA specific CTL mediated cytotoxicity on AU565 (HLA-A+/MamA+) breast cancer cells following co-treatment with ODN2006 and M362 compared to ODN2216 or MamA2.1 peptide alone. However, no significant cytotoxicity was noted upon treatment of MamA2.1 activated CTLs on MCF7 (HLA-A+/MamA−) cells, suggesting that the activation of CTLs is specific to the MamA antigen. Functional characterization studies demonstrated specific IL-12 mediated cross-talk between TLR-6 and -9 in THP-1 cells following stimulation with ODN2006 and M362, which was critical for the final cytotoxic activation of CD8+T lymphocytes. Based on these data, we conclude that ODN2006 and ODN M362 exerted a strong adjuvant effect through induction of the initial innate immune response through TLR9 upregulation followed by enhanced MamA specific CTL dependent adaptive immune responses. Our current data provide evidence for the application of Class-B/-C-CpG-ODNs as potential vaccine adjuvants towards enhancing the success of MamA based breast cancer vaccination.
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Asmara, Rangga, und Widya Ratna Kusumaningrum. „STRATEGI KESANTUNAN POSITIF PRESIDEN JOKO WIDODO DALAM PIDATONYA BERKONTEKS DIPLOMASI LUAR NEGERI (The Positive Politeness Spoken by President Joko Widodo in A Context of International Diplomacy)“. Kandai 16, Nr. 2 (30.11.2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v16i2.1929.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan strategi kesantunan positif Presiden Joko Widodo atau Jokowi dalam pidatonya berkonteks diplomasi luar negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan ancangan pragmatis. Data dalam studi ini berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang memenuhi rumusan strategi kesantunan positif yang dikembangkan oleh Brown dan Levinson (1987). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari video dan teks transkripsi pidato Presiden Jokowi pada Forum APEC CEO Summit dan Konferensi Asia Afrika. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan metode simak. Teknik analisis yang dipergunakan adalah model analisis interaktif. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan Presiden Jokowi menggunakan tiga belas substrategi kesantunan positif yang dikembangkan oleh Brown dan Levinson dalam pidatonya berkonteks diplomasi luar negeri, yaitu (1) memperhatikan kesukaan, keinginan, dan kebutuhan pendengar, (2)membesar-besarkan perhatian, persetujuan, dan simpati kepada pendengar, (3) mengintensifkan perhatian pendengar dengan pendramatisiran peristiwa atau fakta, (4) menggunakan penanda identitas kelompok (bentuk sapaan, dialek, jargon, atau slang), (5) mencari persetujuan dengan topik yang umum atau mengulang sebagian atau seluruh ujaran, (6) menghindari ketidaksetujuan dengan pura-pura setuju, persetujuan yang semu (psedo agreement), menipu untuk kebaikan (white-lies), dan pemagaran opini (hedging opinions), (7) menggunakan basa-basi (small talk) dan presuposisi, (8) menggunakan lelucon, (9) memberikan tawaran atau janji, (10) menunjukkankeoptimisan,(11) melibatkan penutur dan pendengar dalam aktivitas, (12) memberikan pertanyaan atau meminta alasan, dan (13) memberikan hadiah (barang, simpati, perhatian, kerja sama) kepada pendengar. This research aims to describe the positive politeness strategy spoken by President Jokowi in his speech in a context of international diplomacy. This study uses a pragmatic approach. The data were words, phrases and sentences in President Jokowi's speech at the APEC CEO Summit Forum and the Asia Africa Conference. The data were collected by using documentation and note-taking. These data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The results of this study indicated that President Jokowi used 13 positive politeness sub-strategies developed by Brown and Levinson (1987) in his speech in the context of international diplomacy, namely (1) paying attention to the likes, desires and needs of listeners, (2) exaggerating attention, approval, and sympathy for listeners, (3) intensifying the listener's attention by dramatizing events or facts, (4) using group identity markers (greeting, dialect, jargon, or slang), (5) seeking an agreement on a general topic by repeating parts or all of the utterances, (6) avoiding disagreement by pretending to agree, pseudo agreement, white-lies, and hedging opinions, (7) using small talk and presupposition, (8) using jokes, (9) giving offers or promises, (10) showing optimism, (11) involving speakers and listeners in the activities, (12) giving questions or asking for reasons, and (13) giving gifts (goods, sympathy, attention, cooperation) to the listener.
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Lee, Wing-Kee, Blazej Torchalski und Frank Thévenod. „Cadmium-induced ceramide formation triggers calpain-dependent apoptosis in cultured kidney proximal tubule cells“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, Nr. 3 (September 2007): C839—C847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2007.
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A major target of cadmium (Cd2+) toxicity is the kidney proximal tubule (PT) cell. Cd2+-induced apoptosis of PT cells is mediated by sequential activation of calpains at 3–6 h and caspases-9 and -3 after 24-h exposure. Calpains also partly contribute to caspase activation, which emphasizes the importance of calpains for PT apoptosis by Cd2+. Upstream processes underlying Cd2+-induced calpain activation remain unclear. We describe for the first time that 10–50 μM Cd2+ causes a significant increase in ceramide formation by ∼22% (3 h) and ∼72% (24 h), as measured by diacylglycerol kinase assay. Inhibition of ceramide synthase with fumonisin B1 (3 μM) prevents ceramide formation at 3 h and abolishes calpain activation at 6 h, which is associated with significant attenuation of apoptosis at 3–6 h with Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining and/or 3(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) death assays. This indicates that Cd2+ enhances de novo ceramide synthesis and that calpains are a downstream target of ceramides in apoptosis execution. Moreover, addition of C6-ceramide to PT cells increases cytosolic Ca2+ and activates calpains. Apoptosis mediated by C6-ceramide at 24 h is significantly reduced by caspase-3 inhibition, which supports cross talk between calpain- and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. We conclude that Cd2+-induced apoptosis of PT cells entails endogenous ceramide elevation and subsequent Ca2+-dependent calpain activation, which propagates kidney damage by Cd2+.
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Korniienko, L. „Mоnitoring the features of the episothology of the talk in scada district of Kherson region“. Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, Nr. 2 (144) (24.12.2018): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2018-144-2-28-36.
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Every year, more than 55,000 people in the world die of rabies, which is confirmed by the data of the WHO expert committee. Up to 40% of victims, from bites sick or suspected of rabies animals are children under the age of 15 years. The source of the rabies agent in 99% of human deaths was dogs. More than 15 million people around the world receive anti-rabies vaccinations after contact with sick or rabies-pets. According to experts, this prevents 327 thousand deaths from rabies a year. The susceptibility to skeletal infection of various species of animals, involvement in the epizootic chain, in addition to wildlife, also in domestic and farm animals, has become an extremely high risk for humans, and the lack of means for treating rabies - determine its special place among all contagious diseases. In the current situation, a rabie must be viewed as an international rather than a local or national problem, so it describes the disease as a global scale noseau [17]. After all, according to the statistics of the International Office of Epizootics (MEB) of the governing body of the World Organization for Animal Health (WHO) cases of rabies recorded in more than 150 countries of the world. Rabies free are only the countries of Oceania and the United Kingdom, and in other countries the sporadic cases of this deadly disease are recorded. In Europe, this infection in the 50s has become epizootic. The "eradication" of the rabies virus in different countries of Europe during 2008-2015 was conducted in accordance with the developed and implemented Program, where the best results were received in Germany and Switzerland, in these countries the oral immunization of wild carnivores is used (without restrictions on funding). At the end of the last century, the epicenter of the rabies began to move from Eastern Europe to the territory of Poland (2001-2002), Croatia (2003) and then to the east - to the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, Latvia and Ukraine. The conducted monitoring of the rabies epizootology have shown that the entire territory of Ukraine is a zone of stable disadvantage of this disease. The peak of epizootics in Ukraine, over the past 65 years, has fallen to 2007 (2393 cases). Since 2008 there were registered from one to two thousand cases of rabies. In 2017 there were registered 1356 cases of animals that were sick on rabies, despite the fact those more than 4.2 million anti-rabies vaccinations of domestic animals. The analysis of the situation shows that from year to year in Ukraine new natural fires of rabies are formed and new types of reservoir animals appear, which leads to an increase in the number of outbreaks of this disease. The main pledge of successful prevention of rabies around the world is the use of effective anti-rabies vaccines. Despite the regular implementation of planned antiepizootic measures in the southern region of Ukraine (including in the Skadovsk district), there is a tendency to spread the rabies. From year to year, a significant number of rabies in wildlife, domestic and farm animals are recorded on this territory, which is a real threat to the occurrence of the disease among humans. Investigations of the territory of the Skadovsky district of the Kherson region during the period from 2013 to 2017 showed that 25 cases of rabies were recorded in 15 settlements. To the zone with high tenseness of the epizootic situation, five settlements can be attributed, in which 15 cases of rabies were registered, namely in the villages: Krasnoye and Mykolaivka for four outbreaks, Tarasivtsi three, Ptakovtsi and Blagodatnyi for two. To the zone with low tensity epizootic situation still belongs to 10 settlements, where one case of rabies is registered. If in 2013 and 2016 there were three rabies outbreaks in four settlements, in 2014 - five cases in 5 villages, and in 2015 - 4 cases in 4 settlements, then in 2017 - 10 outbreaks communicable infection in eight villages of the district. The peak of this epizootic occurred in 2017. The conducted monitoring showed that the skeletal infection was registered in 38.5% of the Skadovsky district (in 15 out of 39 available settlements). The cases of rabies in different years are interrelated, since repeated outbreaks of this disease are recorded in previously unsuccessful places (Nikolaevka, Tarasivka, Red and Ptahovka), indicating the presence of a constant source and reservoir of communicable infection in this area. It is alarming that in 2017 cases of rabies were first recorded in 6 settlements (Blagodatnoy, Grushivtsi, Oleksandrivka, Petropavlivtsi, Zeleny and Mikhailovna), which testifies to the uncontrolled epizootic situation and the further spread of this infection in the Skadovsky district. Thus, during the last 5 years, the activity of manifestation of the epizootic process on the territory of Skadovsky area was not marked by stability, there were observed two periods of lifting epizootics of rabies - in 2014 and 2017. The permanent disadvantages of certain areas of Skadovsky district can be explained, first of all, by the presence of natural cells of the common infection, especially in the steppe part where there are bushes, empty garbage and garbage. Such conditions ensure the existence of a wide variety of wild populations (wolves, red foxes), homeless dogs and stray cats, which promotes the spread of rabies epizootics in this area. Not the timely destruction of wild animals, the catching of homeless animals that are dangerous to humans, their sterilization, the creation of shelters and proper conditions for maintenance, and in the last three years, not even the holding of oral inoculations of wild animals, has led to the emergence of new anthropological cells feline infections in this region. Monitoring surveys of all reported cases of rabies in Skadovsk district for 2013-2017 showed that in this area, the source of the rabies was different species of animals - wild, domestic and agricultural. According to the observations of many scholars, rabies does not belong to seasonal diseases, but in Skadovsk district 20 were recorded in the winter and spring months, namely: 4 outbreaks of this infection were registered in November, December, February and March, 1 in January and 2 in October. From April to August - 5 outbreaks of rabies. Seasonal cases of rabies coincide with the period of racing of foxes. In the summer, the number of diseases is minimal, because the foxes are busy raising babies, and therefore their mobility is limited. In the autumn, due to young individuals, the population density increases, and accordingly there is a proliferation and new growth of this epizootic. By increasing the population of wolves and foxes, the number of rabies cases among stray dogs and stray cats increases as a result of their contacts. In the disadvantaged areas of the district, over the past 5 years, 27 cases were diagnosed with rabies animals. Monitoring studies have shown that in 2013 the rabies virus is allocated from 4 diseased animals, in 2014 from 5, in 2015 - 4, in 2016 - 3 and in 2017 - 11 diseased rabies animals. Significant increase in the morbidity rate of animals was noted in 2017. It is known that different species of animals are susceptible to the rabies virus [1, 2, 6–9, 16, 34]. The conducted studies showed that in the Skadovsky area, the circulation of the virus of cutaneous infection is possible among different animals, because the source of the pathogen was six of their species: foxes, wolves, dogs, cats, large and small cattle. In the structure of the morbidity of animals in rabies, foxes and cats occupy the leading place with 33.3%, dogs - 14.8%, wolves and cattle - by 7.5% and DRH - 3.7%. Of the total number of ill in 41% of cases, the source of the rabies virus were wild animals, and 48% were domesticated. The analysis showed that rabies in Skadovsk district was more often registered among domestic animals - 48% (9 cats and 4 dogs). Among wild animals, patients with rabies were - 41% (11 heads, of which 9 foxes and 2 wolves), and agricultural - 11% (cow, calf and goat). Thus, the statistical data of this region confirm that the source and reservoir of the rabies agent are wild (foxes) and domestic predatory animals (dogs and cats) belonging to the class of mammals. The epizootic situation in the Skadovsk district from rabies is not catastrophic, but in recent years requires more attention and strengthening measures to combat this problem, because in 2016, the density of fox in the district was 3 heads for 1000 hectares of land; in the norm for example - 0,5 - 1 a goal for 1000 hectares of land. Rating of wolves has not been conducted here, although cases of rabies among this species of animals, for the last 5 years, were recorded twice. The increased morbidity of dogs, cats and farm animals for scarcity is a sign of epizootic malaise among wildlife. Contributes to the complication of the situation of growth in settlements of the number of homeless dogs and cats, incomplete coverage of preventive vaccinations of domestic animals, violation of the rules for keeping domestic animals by their owners. All this is a prerequisite for the formation of city-type rabies cells, which we observe in Sadovsky district of the Kherson region. In connection with the deterioration of the epizootic situation from rabies, the threat of the onset and spread of this infection among the population increases. Given that the Skadovsk district of the Kherson region is in the resort zone, and a significant number of Ukrainian and foreign citizens may come to rest on the sea, they must be aware of the epizootic rabies situation in the area in order to protect themselves from the deadly infection. Key words: contagious infection, dogs, cats, red foxes, wolves, epizootic well-being, morbidity, seasonal manifestations.
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Von Savigny, Eike. „Use, Meaning, and Theoretical Commitment“. Grazer Philosophische Studien 71, Nr. 1 (24.04.2006): 175–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-071001011.
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This paper is on theoretical commitments involved in connecting use and meaning. Wittgenstein maintained, in his , that meaning more or less 'is' use; and he more or less proclaimed that in philosophy, we must 'not advance any kind of theory' (PI § 109). He presented a connection between use and meaning by describing a sequence of language-games where richness of vocabularies and complexity of embedding behaviour grow simultaneously. This presentation is very in the sequence of PI §§ 2, 8, 15, and 21, even if it needs sympathetic touching up. If supplemented, the presentation makes a for claiming that there is a connection between use and meaning in the following sense: This may be a very modest statement of the meaning-is-use connection. However, , as sober analysis of the sequence presented by Wittgenstein will reveal. This is not to say that the modest statement is in any way fishy. Rather, I want to remind readers of how desirable it is to restrict the interpretation of Wittgenstein's famous hostile remarks on theories to that kind of metaphysical misunderstandings of our everyday language which the context of PI § 109 is about. In (1) I characterize, by way of listing examples from the , the area of what I think Wittgenstein regarded as innocent, everyday meaning talk, talk that is not yet infected by bad philosophy. In (2), I argue that what Wittgenstein wanted to show was that such talk is in some sense replaceable by use descriptions, i.e. by descriptions of language-games. In (3), I argue that not all kinds of language-games are relevant; in particular, those of teaching and explaining words have to be excluded. As I restrict myself to the four remaining 'primitive' language-games in PI §§ 2, 8, 15, and 21, I have to defend my approach, in (4), against Joachim Schulte's case for reading Wittgenstein's comparison of these language-games with real languages as ironical. How the invitation to regard such a language-game as a complete, primitive language should in fact be construed is a question I discuss in (5), defending my interpretation against Richard Raatzsch in particular. How increases of expressive power are brought about by increases of the use repertoires is shown by an analysis of modified versions of the language-games in question, and of alternatives thereof, in (6), (7), (8), and (9) respectively, pointing out the places where theoretical commitments enter. Section (10) sums up commitments that have emerged from a sympathetic defence of a modest reading of the meaning-and-use connection.
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Alvin, Nur Fauziah, und Ferawati Ferawati. „The Pronunciation of the Hijaiyah Letters for Autistic Children at Extraordinary Islamic School Qothrunnada Yogyakarta“. AL-MISBAH (Jurnal Islamic Studies) 8, Nr. 1 (30.03.2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/al-misbah.v8i1.1906.
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This research aims to describe the pronunciation of the hijaiyah letters for autistic children at Extraordinary Islamic School Qothrunnada, as well as explaining factors cause errors of pronunciation of the letters hijaiyah and changing meanings. Formal object in this research is the pronunciation of the hijaiyah letters. The object of the material in this study is an autistic children at Extraordinary Islamic School Qothrunnada. The methods used in the analysis of data is a method in accordance and its preliminary technique is the technique hear and technique chat. Through this study, the researchers found the hijiayah letters which undergoes changes, with the following details 1) change letter ث become س, 2) change letter ذ become ,د 3) change letter ز become ,ج 4) change letter ش become س, 5) change letter ص become س, 6) change letter ط become ت, 7) change letter ظ become ض, 8) change letter ع becomeأ , 9) change letter ق become ك, 10) change letter ﻫ become ح, 11) change letter ع become nga. Factors cause changes in the sound is 1) Central System talk, 2) sound production system 3) the influence of first language, 4) articulation (makharijul huruf).
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Alvin, Nur Fauziah, und Ferawati Ferawati. „The Pronunciation of the Hijaiyah Letters for Autistic Children at Extraordinary Islamic School Qothrunnada Yogyakarta“. AL-MISBAH (Jurnal Islamic Studies) 8, Nr. 1 (30.03.2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/almisbah.v8i1.1906.
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This research aims to describe the pronunciation of the hijaiyah letters for autistic children at Extraordinary Islamic School Qothrunnada, as well as explaining factors cause errors of pronunciation of the letters hijaiyah and changing meanings. Formal object in this research is the pronunciation of the hijaiyah letters. The object of the material in this study is an autistic children at Extraordinary Islamic School Qothrunnada. The methods used in the analysis of data is a method in accordance and its preliminary technique is the technique hear and technique chat. Through this study, the researchers found the hijiayah letters which undergoes changes, with the following details 1) change letter ث become س, 2) change letter ذ become ,د 3) change letter ز become ,ج 4) change letter ش become س, 5) change letter ص become س, 6) change letter ط become ت, 7) change letter ظ become ض, 8) change letter ع becomeأ , 9) change letter ق become ك, 10) change letter ﻫ become ح, 11) change letter ع become nga. Factors cause changes in the sound is 1) Central System talk, 2) sound production system 3) the influence of first language, 4) articulation (makharijul huruf).
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Steyn, GJ. „Riglyne vir ‘n verantwoordelike Nuwe-Testamentiese verstaan in die homoseksualiteitsdebat. Deel 2: Nuwe Testamentiese tekste“. Verbum et Ecclesia 28, Nr. 2 (17.11.2007): 622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v28i2.124.
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This is the second of two contributions that are asking how the New Testament could be used in a responsible manner in the debate about homosexuality. After an introductory discussion about the possibility that the NT writings provide us with guidelines, the five passages used in the debate are briefly surveyed. It is suggested that 1 Cor 6:9-11 might be understood against the backdrop of the existing cults and religious practices that were found in 1st century Corinth. Some guidelines are then formulated in order to proceed to a more responsible handling of the NT in the debate. Apart from an acknowledgment of the diversity of terms that are used, it is clear that immorality is closely connected with the idolatry and in association with homosexual behaviour. Homosexuality was thus closely linked with idolatry, immorality and perversity in the ancient NT socio-religious world. It is clear that there are no references to homosexual orientation as a sexual identity, on the one hand, and that the NT unequivocally rejects homosexual behaviour in a range of different forms, on the other hand. It is not possible to talk unqualifiedly about homosexuality any more.
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Setiawan, Fendy Aji, und Havika Haryani. „An Analysis of Maxim Flouting in Pokémon: Detective Pikachu Movie“. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, Nr. 2 (17.03.2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i2.p224-230.
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This study aimed to analyse the use of floating maxim in the Pokémon: Detective Pikachu movie (2019), directed by Rob Letterman. The subject of the research is the conversation between the main character Tim Goodman (Justice Smith) and second character Pikachu (Ryan Reynolds). Pikachu himself is a Pokémon (pocket monster). Barely, a human can talk to a Pokémon, tough they live coexist in a harmony. However, surprisingly the main character of the movie is able to communicate to a Pokémon, though, only Pikachu-the one and only Pokémon he is able to communicate with. The theory used in this research is a theory by Grice about cooperative principle, whereas trough the theory, Grice assumes that a good communication must obey to the rule of the principle. Through the research, there are 8 cases (22.22%) flouting maxim of quantity, 13 cases (36.11%) flouting maxim of quality, 8 cases (22.22%) flouting maxim of relevance and 7 cases (19.44%) flouting maxim of manner. There are four motives found in flouting the maxim, there are competitive motive 16 cases (45.71%). Convivial motive 4 cases (11.42%). Collaborative motive 6 cases (17.14%), and conflictive motive 9 cases (25.71%). Keywords: Maxim, Flouting maxim, Cooperative Principle
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Buckheit, J. B., R. A. Olshen, K. Blouch und B. D. Myers. „Modeling of progressive glomerular injury in humans with lupus nephritis“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, Nr. 1 (01.07.1997): F158—F169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.1.f158.
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We studied glomerular function longitudinally for 36-120 mo in 21 patients undergoing treatment for diffuse, proliferative lupus nephritis. We determined glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and glomerular oncotic pressure (IIGC) and computed the two-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) at 6- to 12-mo intervals. The relationships and cross talk among the three variables over time were then analyzed by eigenfunction regression and canonical correlations. We also performed a morphometric analysis of serial biopsies and computed single-nephron Kf in patent glomeruli at baseline and after 36-94 mo of follow-up. Patients were divisible into progressors (n = 12) or nonprogressors (n = 9) according to the presence or absence, respectively, of an irrevocable decline in GFR over time. Examination of longitudinal variables revealed GFR to be strongly related to Kf in all patients and inversely related to IIGC in progressors. By serial morphometric analysis we observed a threefold increase in the prevalence of global sclerosis in progressors but unchanged prevalence in nonprogressors. Whereas single-nephron Kf of remnant glomeruli increased to supernormal levels in nonprogressors, the absence of this compensatory phenomenon in progressors permitted GFR and Kf to decline in parallel with the declining number of functional glomeruli.
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MAQSOOD, NIAZ, NAEEM-ULLAH LAGHARI und BUSHRA AKRAM. „CONVERSION DISORDER;“. Professional Medical Journal 20, Nr. 06 (15.12.2013): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.06.1568.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to find out association and pattern of childhood sexual abuse in patientspresenting with conversion disorder. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place & duration of study: The study was conducted in theDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Bahawal Victoria Hospital & Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from June,2011 to December, 2011. Subjects & Methods: The sample consisted of 60 Female in-patients with Conversion Disorder by purposivesampling. They were interviewed and results were analysed from the entries in a semi structured Performa. Results: Out of 60 patients,34(57%) reported sexually abused in childhood and 26(43%) not abused. There were 19(32%) patients reported uncomfortable sexualtalk, sexual touching, 9(15%) reported attempted intercourse which was successful and 6(10%) reported attempted for intercourse butfailed in their aim. 14(23%) patients abused by their relatives, 5(8%) by Neighbours and strangers, 3(5%) by their health caregivers,boyfriends and class fellows and 1(2%) by teachers. Conclusions: This study shows a positive association between severe sexual abuse(Uncomfortable talk, sexual touching, penetration or attempted penetration) in childhood and Conversion Disorder in adult life.
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Sabry, Maha, Seham Mostafa, Laila Rashed, Marwa Abdelgwad, Samaa Kamar und Suzanne Estaphan. „Matrix metalloproteinase 9 a potential major player connecting atherosclerosis and osteoporosis in high fat diet fed rats“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 2 (11.02.2021): e0244650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244650.
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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the major sequelae of obesity. On the other hand, the relationship between bone diseases and obesity remains unclear. An increasing number of biological and epidemiological studies suggest the presence of a link between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis, however, the precise molecular pathways underlying this close association remain poorly understood. The present work thus aimed to study Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), as a proposed link between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis in high fat diet fed rats. Methods and findings 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, untreated atherosclerosis group, atherosclerotic rats treated with carvedilol (10mg/kg/d) and atherosclerotic rats treated with alendronate sodium (10mg/kg/d). After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected for estimation of Lipid profile (Total cholesterol, HDL, TGs), inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and NO) and Bone turnover markers (BTMs) (Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and pyridinoline). Rats were then euthanized and the aortas and tibias were dissected for histological examination and estimation of MMP-9, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and NF-kB expression. Induction of atherosclerosis via high fat diet and chronic stress induced a significant increase in BTMs, inflammatory markers and resulted in a state of dyslipidaemia. MMP-9 has also shown to be significantly increased in the untreated atherosclerosis rats and showed a significant correlation with all measured parameters. Interestingly, Carvedilol and bisphosphonate had almost equal effects restoring the measured parameters back to normal, partially or completely. Conclusion MMP-9 is a pivotal molecule that impact the atherogenic environment of the vessel wall. A strong cross talk exists between MMP-9, cytokine production and macrophage function. It also plays an important regulatory role in osteoclastogenesis. So, it may be a key molecule in charge for coupling CVD and bone diseases in high fat diet fed rats. Therefore, we suggest MMP-9 as a worthy molecule to be targeted pharmacologically in order to control both conditions simultaneously. Further studies are needed to support, to invest and to translate this hypothesis into clinical studies and guidelines.
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Jayanti, Cicik Tri. „Tingkatan Makna Verba Prostitusi dalam Wacana Iklan Prostitusi Modern“. JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 1, Nr. 4 (30.04.2021): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v1i42021p437-449.
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Abstract: The meaning of prostitution is generally attached to sexual services around paid intercourse. However, the meaning of prostitution has expanded based on data about modern prostitution advertisements through Twitter social media. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that uses modern prostitution advertising discourse as data sourced from social media Twitter. Data collection was carried out from February 2 to March 15, 2021. After the data is collected, five steps are carried out, namely: (1) recording the verb prostitution, (2) writing down the abbreviation for the verb prostitution, (3) providing meaning, (4) finding the differentiating factor in the field of meaning, and (5) giving the level of the verb prostitution. Through matrix data analysis, 44 prostitution verbs have been graded based on eight different meaning factors, namely (1) Incall, (2) outcall, (3) Talking, (4) Laughing, (5) Relaxing, (6) Caring, (7) Ditemenin curhat, (8) Curhat, (9) Talk cutiepie, (10) Bacain dongeng sebelum tidur, (11) Deeptalk, (12) Healing, (13) Touching, (14) Nokiss, (15) Nosex, (16) Mutualisme, (17) Mutualan, (18) Pacar Kontrak, (19) GFE, (20) Professional cuddler, (21) Cuddle only, (22) hug, (23) Cuddle, (24) Pelukan, (25) Cuddling, (26) Cuddlecare, (27) Deephug, (28) Cudlle care, (29) Cc, (30) Sekadar dusel, (31) Sleeping, (32) Kissing, (33) FK, (34) foreplay, (35) HJ, (36) BJ, (37) Lc, (38) Love care, (39) LC berfantasi, (40) VCS, (41) SL, (42) HS, (43) Morning sex, dan (44) LT. The level of meaning is based on the order from the lightest meaning to the one with the most complex level of prostitution.
Keywords: prostitution verbs, differentiators of meaning, levels of meaning, advertising discourse, modern prostitution advertisements.
Abstrak: Makna prostitusi pada umumnya dilekatkan dengan layanan seksual seputar hubungan badan yang berbayar. Akan tetapi, makna prostitusi ternyata meluas berdasarkan data wacana iklan prostitusi modern melalui media sosial twitter. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripsi kualitatif yang menjadikan wacana iklan prostitusi modern sebagai data yang bersumber dari media sosial twitter. Pengambilan data dilakukan sejak 2 Februari hingga 15 Maret 2021. Setelah data dihimpun, dilaksanakan lima Langkah, yakni: (1) mencatat verba prostitusi, (2) menuliskan kepanjangan dari singkatan verba prostitusi, (3) memberikan pemaknaan, (4) menemukan faktor pembeda medan makna, dan (5) memberi tingkatan verba prostitusi. Melalui analisis data matrix, diperoleh 44 verba prostitusi yang telah digradasi berdasarkan delapan faktor pembeda makna, yakni (1) saluran, (2) lisan, (3) sentuhan, (4) interaksi, (5) pelukan, (6) rebahan, (7) bibir, dan (8) seksual. Adapun 44 verba prostitusi meliputi (1) Incall, (2) outcall, (3) Talking, (4) Laughing, (5) Relaxing, (6) Caring, (7) Ditemenin curhat, (8) Curhat, (9) Talk cutiepie, (10) Bacain dongeng sebelum tidur, (11) Deeptalk, (12) Healing, (13) Touching, (14) Nokiss, (15) Nosex, (16) Mutualisme, (17) Mutualan, (18) Pacar Kontrak, (19) GFE, (20) Professional cuddler, (21) Cuddle only, (22) hug, (23) Cuddle, (24) Pelukan, (25) Cuddling, (26) Cuddlecare, (27) Deephug, (28) Cudlle care, (29) Cc, (30) Sekadar dusel, (31) Sleeping, (32) Kissing, (33) FK, (34) foreplay, (35) HJ, (36) BJ, (37) Lc, (38) Love care, (39) LC berfantasi, (40) VCS, (41) SL, (42) HS, (43) Morning sex, dan (44) LT. Sementara kedelapan faktor pembeda makna mencakup (1) saluran, (2) lisan, (3) sentuhan, (4) interaksi, (5) pelukan, (6) rebahan, (7) bibir, dan (8) seksual. Tingkatan makna tersebut berdasarkan urutan dari makna yang paling ringan hingga yang memiliki tingkat prostitusi paling kompleks.
Kata kunci: verba prostitusi, pembeda makna, tingkatan makna, wacana iklan, iklan prostitusi modern
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Page, Chad M. „424 WS Young Scholar Talk PHD: Effect of increasing dietary zinc during late gestation and early lactation on ewe and lamb body weights, serum and milk minerals, and somatic cell count“. Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (03.11.2020): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.375.
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Abstract The objectives of the current research are to quantify the effects that increased dietary Zn during late gestation and early lactation has on ewe and progeny body weights, serum and milk minerals, and somatic cell count. Within Rambouillet (WF) and Hampshire (BF) breeds, ewes were ranked by BW and randomly assigned down the rank into 1 of 2 treatment groups: Control (n = 34, 37 mg Zn/kg DM, ≈1×NRC) and Zn treatment (n = 37, 113 mg Zn/kg DM, ≈3×NRC). Treatments were delivered via a ZnSO4-fortified alfalfa pellet fed at a rate of 0.45 kg/d DM from a RFID-activated automated feeder from d 108 ± 10 of gestation to d 30 post-lambing. Ewe BW were recorded at d 0, 29, lambing, 30 post-lambing, and weaning. Lamb BW was recorded at lambing, d 15, 30, and weaning. Serum samples were taken from ewes and lambs at 18 ± 4 h post-lambing and analyzed for mineral concentrations. Maternal trace mineral transfer efficiency were calculated by dividing lamb serum values by their respective dam’s serum value and expressed as a percentage. Ewe milk was collected twice weekly. Milk was analyzed for mineral content (d 0, 10, and 30 of lactation) and SCC (d 3–5, 6–9, 10–12, 13–16, 17–19, 20–23, 24–26, 27–29, or 30–32). Ewe and lamb BW was not influenced by Zn treatment (P > 0.19). Ewe serum Zn and maternal transfer efficiency did not differ between control and Zn treatment ewes (P ≥ 0.47). There was a treatment × breed type interaction for lamb serum LogZn (P = 0.04), where BF lambs within Zn treatment had greater serum LogZn (0.63 ± 0.32) than WF lambs (-0.37 ± 0.27; P = 0.04), but breeds did not differ within lambs in the Control treatment group. Milk Ni and Zn was greater for Zn treated ewes than control ewes (P < 0.01), but Mg and P concentrations were greater for control ewes (P ≤ 0.02). Control and Zn treated ewes did not differ in LogSCC through the first 30 d of lactation (P = 0.68) nor did they differ at weaning (P = 0.48). White face and BF ewes LogSCC did not differ at weaning (P = 0.09), but for the first 30 d of lactation BF (5.79 ± 0.06) had greater LogSCC than WF ewes (5.54 ± 0.06; P < 0.01). Day of lactation impacted ewe SCC (P < 0.01), with peak SCC between d 6 and 9 which began to decline as lactation progressed. Current Zn recommendations appear to be adequate for ewe and lamb growth during late gestation and early lactation, but results suggest litter size and breed nuances. Milk Zn is also increased with dietary Zn above NRC recommendations, while further interactions with milk Ni, Mg, and P occur. Additionally, longitudinal values of SCC throughout lactation may inform preventative intervention strategies for cases of sub-clinical mastitis since peak SCC is within the first 9 d post-lambing.
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Rahman, Muzdalifah M. „Melejitkan Linguistic Intelegence melalui Gemar Membaca“. ThufuLA: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Guru Raudhatul Athfal 3, Nr. 1 (25.01.2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/thufula.v3i1.4657.
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<p>Linguistic Intelligence, a person’s ability and sensitivity to interpret the<br />wording, is able to use words effectively, both orally and in writing. Intelligence of this type are identified by Gardner much involved in reading, writing, speaking,<br />and listening. Reading ability is influenced by several factors, including 1) fluency in reading, 2) the ability to hear, 3) the ability to see, 4) environmental influences, 5) emotional factors, and 6) the child’s intelligence. Some of these factors so as to be an influence in the child’s reading ability, therefore, in this case the reading ability of emotion is always enhanced by a variety of ways, as for how that can be achieved are: 1) read children books from birth, 2) encourage children to talk about what has been heard or read, 3) taking children to the bookstore or library, 4) purchase books that attract children, 5) set aside the money to buy books for children, 6) to set aside money to buy books for children, 7) watch movies as well as buy books according to the film, 8) creates a family library at home, 9) exchange of books belonging to the child by his friend, 10) removes inhibitors such as TV and Playstation, 11) to give the reward to enlarge the spirit of reading child, 12) to make the book as a reward for kids, 13) make reading a daily activity, 14) to dramatize the contents of the book that was read to the child, and 15) make their own books.</p>
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Nguyen Van Thao, Hilman Pardede ,. Herman, Dumaris E. Silalahi,. „THE STRUCTURES OF ADJACENCY PAIRS OF FKIP UHN STUDENTS’ IN ENGLISH CONVERSATION“. Psychology and Education Journal 58, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 3967–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2664.
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This study is aimed to investigate the structures of adjacency pairs in English conversation conducted by the students of faculty of teacher training and education (Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan/FKIP) at Universitas HKBP Nommensen (UHN). The subjects for conducting the SPP of Adjacency Pairs are ten, and for the FPP is one student. For turn-taking the subjects are fifteen students. The researchers apply a descriptive qualitative design in this study. The researchers observe what involved in the interaction, when, where, and how people interact based on Conversation Analysis (CA) approach. Because CA needs naturally occurring data, the researchers take the location of research outside classroom. The conversation outside classroom enacts an informal talk as what this research is about. The location outside classroom can be at the canteen, and benches around the campus. The results of the study found that there were ten structure of adjacency pair and turn-taking, they were: 1) The student’s sequence of greeting-greeting is that the FPP is greeting and the FPP is greeting; 2) The construction of the students’ APs in question-answer is : a) a question – answer, a question - a question; 3) The structure of compliment AP in student’s conversation can be constructed as : a compliment - rejection, a compliment - a rejection in SPP (scaling down); 4) Offer-acceptance is composed : an offer of goods in FPP and an acceptance in SPP and an offer of service in FPP and an acceptance in SPP; 5) Invitation in student’s conversation contains inserted sequence the acceptance response; 6) Current speaker selects next (CSSN) in student’s conversation can be realized in two participants conversation like in all data in adjacency pair; 7) The CSSN allocation techniques is not always applicable in students’ conversation; 8) Self-select (SS) in students’ conversation is done as what is effective in English, but it is constrained by an overlapping talk; 9) Speaker continuation (SC) is shown by a long silence. The silence implies the development of topic or topic change. Last but not least, the researchers conclude that knowing the structure of adjacency pairs in conversation can help the speakers and listener to avoid and cope with all problems in speaking.
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Lim, Joline Si Jing, Andrea Li Ann Wong, Samuel Guan Wei Ow, Lim Siew Eng, Raghav Sundar, Gloria HJ Chan, Kritika Yadav et al. „A phase Ib/II trial of lenvatinib (len) and letrozole (let) incorporating pharmacodynamics studies in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (LABC/MBC).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2019): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.1045.
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1045 Background: Endocrine blockade (EB) is standard of care for patients (pts) with HR+ LABC/MBC. RET over-expression (RET+) occurs in up to 75% of HR+ breast cancers and is a postulated mechanism of endocrine resistance. Preclinical studies show cross talk between RET and estrogen receptor, and at least additive treatment (Tx) effect of Len+EB. Methods: We performed a phase Ib trial (3+3 dose escalation) to study safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and efficacy of Len+Let. Both drugs were given as continuous daily dosing with 2 weeks (wks) of Len alone, followed by Len+Let for 12 wks then surgery (LABC), or till disease progression (PD) (MBC). Serial tumor biopsies (n = 15) were done at baseline, after Len alone, 4 wks post Len+Let, and at surgery [LABC] / upon PD [MBC]. Results: 16 pts were treated (4 LABC, 12 MBC); Among MBC pts, median lines of prior Tx was 3 (range 0-10); 84.6%, 66.7%, and 58.3% had prior EB, EB+CDK4/6 inhibitor (i), and chemotherapy (CT) respectively. At dose level (DL) 1, 2/4 pts had dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). There was no DLT at DL-1, but 6/6 pts needed dose reductions (DR), with 4/6 DR within 6 wks of Len+Let (3 G3 hypertension [HTN], 1 G3 wound pain), deeming DL-1 intolerable. At DL-2, 0/6 pts had DLT; this was declared recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Most frequent G3 toxicities (tox) were HTN (6/16), proteinuria (2/16) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) (2/16), with no G4/5 tox. Len+Let was active with 93.8% overall disease control rate (DCR) (50.0% partial response [PR], 43.8% stable disease [SD]). Among MBCts (8/12 had prior EB+CDK4/6i), DCR ≥12 wks was 91.7%; 1 pt had sustained PR for 48 wks and 1 ongoing PR at 40 wks. 9/16 pts had RET+ tumors on immunohistochemistry at baseline, and 66.7% showed down-regulation with Tx (RECIST: 4 PR, 2 SD). Conclusions: Len+Let showed significant anti-tumor activity, even in pts who failed prior CT or EB+CDK4/6i. RP2D of 14mg Len and 2.5mg Let is tolerated with efficacy; dose expansion is currently underway. Clinical trial information: NCT02562118. [Table: see text]
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Vermersch, Patrick, Louis Smets und Ralf Gold. „Conclusions: Calls to action for improving the life of MS patients and their families“. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, Nr. 2_suppl (26.07.2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516650738.
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Background: The first and second Pan-European MS Multi-stakeholder Colloquia were set up to increase cross-talk and communication between the different stakeholders in MS and developed joint Calls to Action to improve (equal) access to quality care and treatment for MS in Europe. Objective & Methods: To summarise the 10 integrated and interrelated Calls to Action developed. Results & Conclusion: Call 1: increase awareness in the European community about the burden MS places on patients, caregivers and society. Call 2: improve communication towards the European community on the direct and indirect cost burden of MS. Call 3: perform patient research to (re)define treatment goals/endpoints from a humanistic/patient perspective point of view. Call 4: develop new tools to better capture the total clinical burden of MS. Call 5: develop a protocol for standardisation of MRI for optimising its use as a marker of disability progression in MS. Call 6: support research to find other (molecular) biomarkers which can predict long-term disability progression and (monitor) individual treatment response. Call 7: align CHMP/EMA and HTA decision-making process. Call 8: develop separate EMA guidelines for evaluating follow-on products of non-biological complex drugs. Call 9: support people with MS remaining (physically) active and at work and stimulate the implementation of specialised care centres. Call 10: support the continuation of multi-stakeholder colloquia.
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Gupta, Swati, Sriti Pandey, Mehtab S. Parmar, Anjali Somal, Avishek Paul, Bibhudatta S. K. Panda, Irfan A. Bhat et al. „Impact of oocyte-secreted factors on its developmental competence in buffalo“. Zygote 25, Nr. 3 (Juni 2017): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199417000156.
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SummaryOocyte-secreted factors (OSFs) play an important role in the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence through bidirectional cross-talk between oocyte and cumulus cells via gap junctions. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of two OSFs, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), on the developmental competence of buffalo oocytes derived from two different follicle sizes. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) from large follicles (LF, >6 mm) or small follicles (SF, <6 mm) were collected and matured in vitro either in the presence of GDF9 or BMP15, or both, or with the denuded oocytes (DOs) as a source of native OSFs. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in LF-derived than SF-derived oocytes. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the DOs and the combination groups compared with the control, GDF9 alone and BMP15 alone groups, both in LF-derived and SF-derived oocytes, although the cleavage and blastocyst rates did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between DOs and combination groups. Relative mRNA analysis revealed significantly higher (P > 0.05) expression of the cumulus cell marker genes EGFR, HAS2, and CD44 in LF-derived than SF-derived oocyte; the expression of these markers was significantly higher (P > 0.05) in DOs and combination groups, irrespective of the follicle size. These results suggested that LF-derived oocytes have a higher developmental competence than SF-derived oocytes and that supplementation of GDF9 and BMP15 modulates the developmental competence of buffalo oocytes by increasing the relative abundance of cumulus-enabling factors and thereby increasing cleavage and the quality of blastocyst production.
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De Miguel, E., J. Gratacos-Masmitja, A. P. Cacheda, J. M. Rodríguez-Heredia, A. Gallego, E. Beltrán, B. Font Ramos, C. Sastré und C. Sanabra. „POS0978 DISEASE CONTROL IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT AXIAL MANIFESTATIONS IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE IN SPAIN: RESULTS FROM THE MIDAS STUDY“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 755.2–756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2041.
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Background:MIDAS study assessed the disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients treated in clinical practice in Spain.Objectives:This sub-analysis compared disease activity between PsA patients with or without axial manifestations.Methods:MIDAS is an observational, non-interventional, cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted in Spain. Patients included were ≥18 years old with ≥6 months since diagnosis, were classified by CASPAR criteria and had initiated treatment ≥3 months. Disease activity was measured by Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) and Minimal Disease Activity (MDA). Axial involvement was defined according to the presence of inflammatory back pain assessed by rheumatologist.Results:312 evaluable PsA patients were included in this analysis, 12.2% of which presented with axial involvement. PsA patients with axial manifestations reported longer time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and disease duration, higher presence of concomitant diseases, HLA-B*27+ status, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, perception of uncontrolled disease and presence of swollen and tender joints compared to patients without axial involvement. A higher proportion of PsA patients with axial manifestations were treated with a biologic compared with those without axial involvement 68.4% vs 57.3% (Table 1). Patients with axial involvement showed a higher impairment of their quality of life compared to those without axial manifestations by a worse higher mean (SD) Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease 12-item questionnaire (PSAID12) score (5.0 [2.4] vs 2.7 [2.2], respectively). In terms of disease control more patients with axial manifestations presented with moderate to high disease activity (DAPSA>14: 65.7% vs 36.8%, respectively) and did not meet the MDA criteria for remission (89.5% vs 42.7%, respectively) (Figure 1).Conclusion:PsA patients with axial manifestations presented with a higher burden of disease and showed a worse disease control compared to those without axial involvement.Table 1.Baseline demographic and clinical characteristicsWith axial manifestations(n=38)Without axial manifestations (n=274)PsA(n=312)Age (years), mean (SD)53.1 (10.4)54.1 (12.4)54.0 (12.2)Sex (male), n (%)17 (44.7%)153 (55.8%)170 (54.5%)Time since diagnosis (years), mean (SD)13.6 (10.1)10.1 (8.8)10.5 (9.0)Time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis (years), mean (SD)4.3 (6.1)2.8 (4.8)3.0 (5.0)Presence of concomitant diseases, mean (SD)26 (68.4%)166 (60.6%)192 (61.5%)Anemia, n (%)3 (7.9%)7 (2.6%)7 (2.2%)Anxiety, n (%)6 (15.8%)9 (3.3%)1 (0.3%)Asthma, n (%)2 (5.3%)7 (2.6%)1 (0.3%)Depression, n (%)6 (15.8%)1 (0.4%)1 (0.3%)Dyslipidemia, n (%)3 (7.9%)8 (2.9%)9 (2.9%)Hypertension, n (%)3 (7.9%)7 (2.6%)9 (2.9%)Others (excluding skin psoriasis, uveitis, or IBD), n (%)3 (7.9%)17 (6.2%)19 (6.1%)Presence of HLA-B*27+, n (%)6 (15.8%)28 (10.2%)34 (10.9%)CRP levels (mg/l), mean (SD)7.3 (11.3)4.6 (6.5)4.9 (7.3)Patient perceived disease control (PASS), n (%)30 (78.9%)228 (83.5%)258 (83.0%)Presence of swollen (SJC≥1), n (%)22 (57.9%)117 (42.7%)139 (44.6%)Presence of tender joints (TJC≥1), n (%)14 (36.8%)74 (27.0%)88 (28.2%)Patients treated with biological26 (68.4%)157 (57.3%)183 (58.7%)COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; HLA-B*27, human leukocyte antigen B27; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; PASS, patient acceptable symptom state; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; SD, standard deviation; SJC, swollen joint counts; TJC, tender joint counts.Figure 1.Disease status according to clinical phenotype of PSA A) Disease activity according to DAPSA B) Disease activity according to MDA DAPSA, Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis; MDA, Minimal Disease Activity; PsA, psoriatic arthritis.Acknowledgements:We thank to MIDAS group investigators and patients included in the study.Disclosure of Interests:Eugenio de Miguel Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, BMS, UCB, Roche, Grunental, Janssen, Sanofi., Paid instructor for: Janssen, Novartis, Roche, Consultant of: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, Galapagos, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer, Jordi Gratacos-Masmitja Speakers bureau: During the course of the year I have received funding in relation to courses and / or conferences, and / or have participated as a speaker or in advisory boards from: MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Janssen Cilag, Novartis, Lilly and Amgen., Consultant of: During the course of the year I have received funding in relation to courses and / or conferences, and / or have participated as a speaker or in advisory boards from: MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Janssen Cilag, Novartis, Lilly and Amgen., Grant/research support from: During the course of the year I have received a private grand from Pfizer.I have not received any private influence in the elaboration of the contents of this talk., Ana Paula Cacheda: None declared, José M. Rodríguez-Heredia Speakers bureau: Amgen, Novartis, Sanofi, Consultant of: Amgen, Biogen, Fresenius, MSD, Janssen, Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Adela Gallego Speakers bureau: During the course of the year I have received funding in relation to courses and / or conferences, and / or have participated as a speaker or in advisory boards from: MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Lilly, Amgen and Sanofi.I have not received any private influence in the elaboration of the contents of this talk., Grant/research support from: During the course of the year I have received funding in relation to courses and / or conferences, and / or have participated as a speaker or in advisory boards from: MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Lilly, Amgen and Sanofi.I have not received any private influence in the elaboration of the contents of this talk., Emma Beltrán Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Bristol, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Bristol, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Beatriz Font Ramos Employee of: Novartis employee, Carlos Sastré Employee of: Novartis employee, Cristina Sanabra Employee of: Novartis employee.
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Smith, Mitchell Reed, Fang Jin und Indira Joshi. „Antibodies to TRAIL Receptors R1 and R2 Induce Apoptosis in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cells.“ Blood 104, Nr. 11 (16.11.2004): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3290.3290.
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Abstract Monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy can be effective, but not curative, therapy for non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab acts by several mechanisms, including directly signaling apoptosis of CD20+ cells via the mitochondrial pathway involving caspase 9. Chemotherapy also activates this apoptotic pathway. TRAIL-R1 and -R2 signaling induces apoptosis via a pathway that activates caspase 8. Thus, we investigated the effects of agonistic monoclonal antibodies to TRAIL-R1 and -R2 on NHL cell lines (DoHH2, WSU-FSCCL and FC-TxFL2, each t(14;18)+, EBV-). TRAIL-R1 (HGS-ETR1) and -R2 (HGS-ETR2) antibodies were from Human Genome Sciences (Rockville, MD). FC-TxFL2 expressed the highest cell surface levels of TRAIL-R1 (DR4, target of HGS-ETR1) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5, target of HGS-ETR2). WSU-FSCCL expressed lower, but significant, levels of each. DoHH2 expressed dim TRAIL-R1 and the lowest levels of TRAIL-R2 of the 3 cell lines. IC50 (MTT assay after 72 hr incubation with antibody) was 0.25mcg/ml for WSU-FSCCL and FC-TxFL2 with either HGS-ETR1 or HGS-ETR2, while DoHH2 was minimally inhibited by either antibody. Both HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2 antibodies induced dose dependent increases in apoptosis (annexin V assay) of WSU-FSCCL and FC-TxFL-2, but not DoHH2. Caspase activation (flow cytometry using fluorescent substrates; Western analysis) was seen 4–6 hr after antibody addition. As expected, caspases 3 and 8 were activated by both antibodies in the two sensitive cell lines. Caspase 9, however, was also activated. Thus, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 antibody binding inhibits growth, induces apoptosis and activates caspases 3, 8 and 9 in NHL cells expressing the targets. The induction of caspase 9 suggests cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, in which activation of caspase 8 leads to cleavage and translocation of bid, which in turn leads to activation of caspase 9, and ultimately caspase 3. We have confirmed that bid cleavage does occur in these NHL cells after HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2 binding. We have further shown that both the pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD and a specific caspase 8 inhibitor block HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2 induced apoptosis. As predicted, a specific inhibitor of caspase 9 only partially blocks apoptosis. This suggests that combination of the agonist HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2 antibodies with agents that act via the caspase 9 pathway would be rational combinations to test for therapeutic potential in NHL.
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Rohim, Abdur. „The Teaching Of English In An Indonesian Islamic Boarding School: Design, Enactment, And Hindrances“. Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora 4, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v4i1.9767.
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The present study described good practices, supporting learning factors, and language learning focus of students in English learning at Nurul Jadid by employing a qualitative research approach. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation from 60 students of an elementary, intermediate, and advanced level of 2019 academic year. The result shows that students of Nurul Jadid use English as their lingua franca to communicate with each other to make them comprehend the language directly. However to reach the goal of learning English effectively in Nurul Jadid, teachers select implicit and explicit learning activities in their extra-curricular programs such as; (1) speech, (2) discussion, (3) debate, (4) showing-opinion, (5) composing, (6) translation, (7) rooms-competition, (8) morning-talk, (9) native-day, (10) audio-visual, (11) quiz, and (12) evaluation-meeting. Besides, the study also shows that teachers of Nurul Jadid utilize some supporting learning factors to encourage the good practice of the learning process. They are curriculum used, the role of human resources, environmental setting, rules-obedient, and motivation effect. In addition, the finding also shows the language learning focus of the students of FLDI. The elementary student is the low-level that focuses on learning language structures, and the intermediate student is the medium-level that focuses on learning language application or language function. The advanced student is the high-level who learn about metalinguistic awareness or advance communication knowledge.
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Naik, Poonam, Sukhvinder Singh, Sushma Vishwakarma, Inderjeet Kaur, Vivek Pravin Dave, Ashok Kumar und Joveeta Joseph. „Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Evokes Differential Inflammatory Responses in Human Microglial and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells“. Microorganisms 8, Nr. 5 (14.05.2020): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050735.
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Increasing incidences of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens causing endophthalmitis threaten our ability to treat this condition, and the modulation of inflammatory responses by MDR bacteria is not known. In this study, using human microglia and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, we compare the inflammatory responses of sensitive (S-PA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR-PA) clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infected cells were subjected to qPCR analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunostaining to assess the expression of inflammatory mediators. Both microglia and RPE cells, challenged with S-PA and MDR-PA, induced a time-dependent expression of inflammatory cytokines. Significant differences were observed in expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLR) TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 in microglia cells challenged with MDR-PA vs. S-PA. Similarly, mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interferon (IFN)-γ, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were also higher in MDR-PA-infected cells. At protein levels, upregulation was observed for IL-10 (p = 0.004), IL-8 (p = 0.0006), IL-1β (p = 0.02), and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (p = 0.0006) in cells infected MDR-PA versus S-PA in both microglia and RPE cells; however, the response was delayed in RPE cells. Heatmap and STRING analysis highlighted the existence of a cross-talk between the inflammatory and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. Our study highlights a differential inflammatory response evoked by MDR vs. sensitive pathogens in retinal cells during endophthalmitis.
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Turney, Danielle. „It Hurts You Inside: Children Talk About Smacking, by C. Willow and T. Hyder, National Children's Bureau Enterprises in association with Save the Children, London, 1998. ISBN 190099044X (Pbk), �8.50 NCB members, �13 non-members.“ Child Abuse Review 9, Nr. 6 (2000): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0852(200011/12)9:6<450::aid-car645>3.0.co;2-q.
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