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1
Christie, Frances. „Literacy in Australia“. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 12 (März 1991): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002191.
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This discussion will focus upon English literacy research which draws upon systemic functional linguistic theory. Over the last ten to fifteen years, a significant number of applied linguists and language educators have emerged in Australia who use systemic functional linguistic theory to address a wide range of research questions. Their effort has been stimulated by the scholarly leadership of Halliday (e.g., 1985a), who took up the Chair of Linguistics at Sydney University in the late 1970s, as well as that of colleagues and former students of his, including Hasan (e.g., Halliday and Hasan 1985) and Martin (e.g., 1985a). The group of scholars who have emerged have contributed to the development of a rich tradition of research and teaching in English literacy in both first and second language contexts. Such a tradition offers the prospect of an educational linguistics of value both to researchers and teachers. More than one tradition of linguistic research might well contribute to the development of an educational linguistics. However, it is the particular claims and contributions of systemic functional linguistic theory that are argued for here.
2
Rademaker, Laura. „Mission, Politics and Linguistic Research“. Historiographia Linguistica 42, Nr. 2-3 (31.12.2015): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.2-3.06rad.
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Summary This article investigates the ways local mission and national politics shaped linguistic research work in mid-20th century Australia through examining the case of the Church Missionary Society’s Angurugu Mission on Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory and research into the Anindilyakwa language. The paper places missionary linguistics in the context of broader policies of assimilation and national visions for Aboriginal people. It reveals how this social and political climate made linguistic research, largely neglected in the 1950s (apart from some notable exceptions), not only possible, but necessary by the 1970s. Finally, it comments on the state of research into Aboriginal languages and the political climate of today. Until the 1950s, the demands of funding and commitment to a government policy of assimilation into white Australia meant that the CMS could not support linguistic research and opportunities for academic linguists to conduct research into Anindilyakwa were limited. By the 1960s, however, national consensus about the future of Aboriginal people and their place in the Australian nation shifted and governments reconsidered the nature of their support for Christian missions. As the ‘industrial mission’ model of the 1950s was no longer politically or economically viable, the CMS looked to reinvent itself, to find new ways of maintaining its evangelical influence on Groote Eylandt. Linguistics and research into Aboriginal cultures – including in partnership with secular academic agents – were a core component of this reinvention of mission, not only for the CMS but more broadly across missions to Aboriginal people. The resulting collaboration across organisations proved remarkably productive from a research perspective and enabled the continuance of a missionary presence and relevance. The political and financial limitations faced by missions shaped, therefore, not only their own practice with regards to linguistic research, but also the opportunities for linguists beyond the missionary fold. The article concludes that, in Australia, the two bodies of linguists – academic and missionary – have a shared history, dependent on similar political, social and financial forces.
3
Winter, Joanne, und Gillian Wigglesworth. „Language and gender“. Language and Gender in the Australian Context 10 (01.01.1993): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.10.01win.
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Abstract In our introductory discussion to this Series S volume on language and gender in Australia we argue for the recognition of gender research in a broadened interpretation of applied linguistics. We forecast the place of feminist (applied)1 linguists within a wider understanding of the applications for linguistic knowledge. We discuss how this collection of papers reflects the ongoing developments and changes in language and gender research through the implementation and critique of methods and methodologies. We also present a brief overview of the panel discussion; the people, topics and directions, which was primarily responsible for this publication and forecast some directions and possible challenges for language and gender research in the Australian context.
4
Clyne, Michael. „Are we making a difference?“ Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 30, Nr. 1 (01.01.2007): 3.1–3.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0703.
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Language is crucial in our lives and to all disciplines. It affects our well-being individually and collectively and touches important sociopolitical issues. Linguists/applied linguists have exciting opportunities for interdisciplinary research and to work in contexts personally meaningful to them. While language is the concern of all people, professionals have special responsibilities to provide leadership in understanding how it works and responsible insights into the uses and abuses of language in society. Australian language specialists can offer the rest of the world experience with language policy, typological and language contact studies, and bilingual language acquisition. Some Australians have advanced linguistic knowledge through studies of indigenous languages. Many have worked with indigenous, ethnic and other communities and professional groups, providing evidence in court or advice to teachers and families. Some broadcast regularly or occasionally. But have we succeeded in contesting the monolingual mindset of the mainstream? The Australian authors represented in language sections of most general bookshops are not linguists. Far more collaboration and coordination of initiatives through the professional societies is needed to put languages back on the national agenda and make Australia more language-aware. This should lead to recognizing, valuing, fostering and transmitting, supporting and sharing our linguistic diversity. Australia’s rich language potential has only been partly realized.
5
McGregor, William B. „Missionary linguistics in the Kimberley, Western Australia“. Historiographia Linguistica 35, Nr. 1-2 (07.03.2008): 121–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.35.1-2.07mcg.
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Summary This paper explores the contribution of missionary linguists to the documentation, description, and maintenance of Aboriginal languages of the Kimberley region of Western Australia from the establishment of the first enduring mission in 1890 to 1960. It is argued that the primary contribution was to language documentation. However, the descriptive contribution was not negligible, and many missionary linguists struggled intelligently with the descriptive challenges confronting them (ergative case-marking, noun-class systems, compound verb constructions, etc.). Rather than being rigidly bound by the Latinate model, they modified it in various ways (usually not explicitly discussed), including by using traditional terminology in novel ways.
6
Clyne, Michael. „Are we making a difference?“ Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 30, Nr. 1 (2007): 3.1–3.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.30.1.01cly.
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Language is crucial in our lives and to all disciplines. It affects our well-being individually and collectively and touches important sociopolitical issues. Linguists/applied linguists have exciting opportunities for interdisciplinary research and to work in contexts personally meaningful to them. While language is the concern of all people, professionals have special responsibilities to provide leadership in understanding how it works and responsible insights into the uses and abuses of language in society.Australian language specialists can offer the rest of the world experience with language policy, typological and language contact studies, and bilingual language acquisition. Some Australians have advanced linguistic knowledge through studies of indigenous languages. Many have worked with indigenous, ethnic and other communities and professional groups, providing evidence in court or advice to teachers and families. Some broadcast regularly or occasionally. But have we succeeded in contesting the monolingual mindset of the mainstream? The Australian authors represented in language sections of most general bookshops are not linguists.Far more collaboration and coordination of initiatives through the professional societies is needed to put languages back on the national agenda and make Australia more language-aware. This should lead to recognizing, valuing, fostering and transmitting, supporting and sharing our linguistic diversity. Australia’s rich language potential has only been partly realized.
7
Li, Jie. „Implications of Australia’s Bilingual Education of Aboriginal People“. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, Nr. 7 (01.07.2016): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0607.18.
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Australia, as a multicultural and multilingual country, has been highly appraised by international linguists and statesmen for its formulation and implementation of language policies. Over the past years, linguists, statesmen, educators and residents have been devoting themselves to the further improvement of language education policies and laws, and the implementation of bilingual education for Aboriginal people. They have gradually resolved language problems, and most importantly, preserved linguistic and cultural diversity. This has set a successful example for China to follow. Under such circumstance, the proposed research, based on sociolinguistic theories concerning language policy and language planning, makes implications, suggesting how our country should proceed from the actual situations to take more practical measures and formulate better policies.
8
Šeškauskienė, Inesa, und Meilutė Ramonienė. „Introduction“. Taikomoji kalbotyra, Nr. 4 (04.03.2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17465.
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This special issue of the journal Taikomoji kalbotyra/Applied Linguistics includes papers written on the basis of the presentations given at the International Applied Linguistics Conference Languages and People: Space, Time, Identity held in Vilnius University October 3-4, 2013. The Conference was organized by the Department of Lithuanian Studies of Vilnius University and the Lithuanian Association of Applied Linguistics (LITAKA). The total number of the Conference participants amounted to 60; they came from 12 countries: Australia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Hong Kong, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, United Kingdom and the United States of America. The plenary speakers of the Conference, world-known linguists Antonella Sorace (UK), Joseph Lo Bianco (Australia) and Mark Davies (USA), gave very impressive presentations on bilingualism and language acquisition, language planning and policy, language corpora as a powerful tool in language learning and teaching.
9
Nash, Joshua. „Folk Toponymy and Offshore Fishing Ground Names on the Dudley Peninsula, Kangaroo Island, South Australia“. Island Studies Journal 5, Nr. 1 (2010): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.239.
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This paper analyses data on two aspects of unofficial place-naming or folk toponymy on the Dudley Peninsula, the eastern peninsula of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, namely (1) local unofficial toponyms, and (2) offshore fishing ground names. These place-name categories reflect naming patterns that embody specific local events, history and land use in the island’s colourful past, and represent an important element of the collective memory of the area. It argues that a deeper analysis of various taxa of folk toponymy, especially in remote island locations with brief histories, can help toponymists and linguists understand broad principles involved in place-naming. Furthermore, it suggests island toponymy in Australia is an under-researched field, which deserves greater prominence in Australian place-name studies.
10
Si, Aung, und Myfany Turpin. „The Importance of Insects in Australian Aboriginal Society: A Dictionary Survey“. Ethnobiology Letters 6, Nr. 1 (17.09.2015): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.6.1.2015.399.
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Insects and their products have long been used in Indigenous Australian societies as food, medicine and construction material, and given prominent roles in myths, traditional songs and ceremonies. However, much of the available information on the uses of insects in Australia remains anecdotal. In this essay, we review published dictionaries of Aboriginal languages spoken in many parts of Australia, to provide an overview of the Indigenous names and knowledge of insects and their products. We find that that native honeybees and insect larvae (particularly of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera) are the most highly prized insects, and should be recognized as cultural keystone species. Many insects mentioned in dictionaries lack scientific identifications, however, and we urge documentary linguists to address this important issue.
11
Slegers, Claudia. „Signs of change“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, Nr. 1 (01.01.2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1005.
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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.
12
Slegers, Claudia. „Signs of change“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, Nr. 1 (2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.1.04sle.
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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.
13
Zhou, Ye, und Li Zou. „On Development History of Australia’s Language Policy and the Enlightenment to China’s Foreign Language Education“. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, Nr. 5 (01.05.2017): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0705.06.
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As is well-known, Australia is the first English country to officially make and efficiently carry out multi-lingual and plural culture in the world, whose language education policy has been highly spoken of by most linguists and politicians in the world in terms of the formulation and implementation. By studying such items as affecting factors, development history, implementing strategies of Australian language education policy under the background of multiculturalism, researchers can get a clue of the law of development of the language education policy in the developed countries and even the world. To be specific, through studying the development history of Australian language education policy under the background of multiculturalism, the paper puts forward some enlightenment and presents some advice on the China’s foreign language education.
14
Green, Jennifer, Anastasia Bauer, Alice Gaby und Elizabeth Marrkilyi Ellis. „Pointing to the body“. Gesture 17, Nr. 1 (19.10.2018): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.00009.gre.
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Abstract Kinship plays a central role in organizing interaction and other social behaviors in Indigenous Australia. The spoken lexicon of kinship has been the target of extensive consideration by anthropologists and linguists alike. Less well explored, however, are the kin categories expressed through sign languages (notwithstanding the pioneering work of Adam Kendon). This paper examines the relational categories codified by the kin signs of four language-speaking groups from different parts of the Australian continent: the Anmatyerr from Central Australia; the Yolŋu from North East Arnhem Land; the Kuuk Thaayorre from Cape York and the Ngaatjatjarra/Ngaanyatjarra from the Western Desert. The purpose of this examination is twofold. Firstly, we compare the etic kin relationships expressed by kin signs with their spoken equivalents. In all cases, categorical distinctions made in the spoken system are systematically merged in the sign system. Secondly, we consider the metonymic relationships between the kin categories expressed in sign and the various parts of the body at which those signs are articulated.
15
Carey, Hilary M. „Lancelot Threlkeld, Biraban, and the Colonial Bible in Australia“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, Nr. 2 (April 2010): 447–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000101.
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Ethnographers, historians, and linguists have argued for many years about the nature of the relationship between missionaries and their collaborators. Critics of missionary linguistics and education have pointed out that Bible translations were tools forged for the cultural conquest of native people and that missionary impacts on local cultures nearly always destructive and frequently overwhelming (Comaroff and Comaroff 1997; Rafael 1988; Sanneh 1989). Sociolinguistic readings of scripture translation have emphasized the cultural loss inherent in the act of translation and even seemingly benign activities such as dictionary making (Errington 2001; Peterson 1999; Tomlinson 2006). To make this point, Rafael (1988: xvii) notes the semantic links between the various Spanish words for conquest (conquista), conversion (conversión), and translation (traducción). Historians, on the other hand, have generally been more skeptical about the power of mere words to exert hegemonic pressure on colonized people and have emphasized the more tangible power of guns and commerce as agents of empire (Porter 2004). Few would deny the symbolic power of the Bible as a representation of colonial domination, as in the saying attributed to Archbishop Desmond Tutu by Cox (2008: 4): “When the white man arrived, he had the Bible and we had the land; now, we have the Bible and he has the land.”
16
Tran, Tu, Donna Starks und Howard Nicholas. „Discursive constructions of the viewing of a bathroom as a linguistic landscape in a shared home“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 43, Nr. 1 (19.12.2019): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.18065.tra.
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Abstract In the linguistic landscapes (LL) literature there is frequent mention of the viewing of public locales by passers-by, owners, and tourists, who necessarily enter and exit locales in different ways, times, and conditions. This paper extends our understanding of the viewing of LL by investigating the discursive constructions of the bathroom of a shared home through the voices of its residents: six Vietnamese international students studying in Australia. When the residents of the home were asked to reflect on their perceptions of language in this locale, the findings show that they attend to the inscriptions on the artifacts, the linguistic activities that take place within the locale, or see no LL whatsoever because of the ways they construct the locale. The findings suggest that linguists need to give more consideration to the types of linguistic activities that occur in a locale in exploration of how individuals view their LL.
17
Oliver, Rhonda, Honglin Chen und Stephen Moore. „Review of selected research in applied linguistics published in Australia (2008–2014)“. Language Teaching 49, Nr. 4 (23.09.2016): 513–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444816000148.
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This article reviews the significant and diverse range of research in applied linguistics published in Australia in the period 2008–2014. Whilst acknowledging that a great deal of research by Australian scholars has been published internationally during these seven years, this review is based on books, journal articles, and conference proceedings published in Australia. Many of these sources will be unfamiliar to an international audience, and the purpose of this article is to highlight this body of research and the themes emerging from it. The journals selected in this review includeAustralian Journal of Language and Literacy, Australian Review of Applied Linguistics (ARAL), BABEL, English in Australia, English Australia, Papers in Language Testing and Assessment, Prospect: An Australian Journal of TESOL, TESOL in Context, andUniversity of Sydney Papers in TESOL. Selected refereed proceedings are from key national conferences including: ALAA (Applied Linguistics Association of Australia), ACTA (Australian Council of TESOL Association), ASFLA (Australian Systemic Functional Linguistics Association), and ALS (Australian Linguistics Society). Our review of selected applied linguistics work revolves around the following themes: the responses to the needs of government planning and policy; the complexity of Australia's multicultural, multilingual society; the concern for recognizing context and culture as key factors in language and language learning; social activism in supporting language pedagogy and literacy programmes at all levels of education; and acknowledgement of the unique place held by Indigenous languages and Aboriginal English in the national linguistic landscape.
18
Jourdan, Christine. „France Mugler & John Lynch (eds.), Pacific languages in education. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1996. Pp. viii, 310. Pb US $8.00.“ Language in Society 30, Nr. 1 (Januar 2001): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501301057.
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This is a collection of 19 articles written by educators, policymakers, and linguists addressing the use of Pacific languages in education. The focus is on small island countries, and so Australia is not included. The book, well illustrated and containing many useful maps, is edited by two scholars with extensive research experience in the Pacific. They have grouped the articles around three important themes relevant to local education systems: (a) the roles of vernaculars in formal education; (b) questions of policy, maintenance, and non-governmental programs; and (c) issues, problems, standards, and attitudes. The result is a book that presents a compelling picture of the linguistic situation of various education systems in the Pacific nations. To summarize the situation briefly: Nothing is simple.
19
Gordon, Matthew J. „John Algeo (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language, vol. 6: English in North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxxii, 625. Hb. $120.00.“ Language in Society 32, Nr. 5 (November 2003): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503285055.
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This is the sixth and presumably final volume in an ambitious series. The first four volumes were distinguished chronologically according to the traditional paradigm for the history of English: Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Present Day English. The other two volumes are organized geographically. Volume 5 examined English outside England in most of the expected places (e.g., Scotland, Ireland, Australia), with the exception of North America, to which the present volume is devoted. As the general editor, Richard Hogg, writes (p. xi), the series is designed to offer “a solid discussion of the full range of the history of English” to anglicists and general linguists alike. Readers of the latter category will certainly find this volume accessible. In fact, the inclusion of a glossary of terms extends that accessibility to readers outside linguistics as well. Specialists, however, are likely to be disappointed by the unevenness of the collection.
20
Trigger, David, und Robert Blowes. „Anthropologists, Lawyers and Issues for Expert Witnesses: Native Title Claims in Australia“. Practicing Anthropology 23, Nr. 1 (01.01.2001): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.787151073p934186.
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Social scientists such as anthropologists, linguists and historians play an important role in researching and producing genealogies, reports and other claim materials which are submitted as evidence in native title claims. Being expert witnesses for Aboriginal claimants (or any other party) means that they may also be cross-examined on their evidence by opposing counsel. The recent Federal Court decision Daniel v State of Western Australia (the ‘Daniel case’2) highlights the need to carefully manage communications which occur in the course of researching, documenting and conducting native title claims; the case raises the issue of avoiding (or delaying) the loss of the protection of ‘client privilege’3 for confidential documents such as anthropological field notes and other primary research materials. The central issue is whether various documents can be kept confidential, and if so, for how long.
21
Peeters, Bert. „On linguoculturology and cultural linguistics“. NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, Nr. 4 (2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-4-6-11.
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Few Western scholars are likely to be aware that behind the noun linguoculturology and the adjective linguoculturological lie realities they may not be entirely familiar with. Most will no doubt unhesitatingly assume that the labels in question are no more than a different way of referring to what, in Western Europe, the Americas, and Australia / New Zealand, is called cultural linguistics. Yet, what we are witnessing here is anything but terminological variation. It is terminological indifference of a kind that is common in most areas of scholarly activity, not in the least among linguists, many of whom use identical terms for different purposes, and different terms for identical purposes, thereby stifling progress instead of inviting dialogue, and promoting indifference rather than engaging in collaborative efforts. Mizin and Korostenski (2019) take the translators of two recent papers to task for the kind of terminological indifference referred to above. Both Sharifian (2015) and Peeters (2017) were originally written in English and then translated into Russian to draw the attention of post-Soviet scientists to developments in cultural linguistics in the Western world. I revisit each of these texts, before reaching the conclusion that we need to increase awareness in both directions. The ongoing translation of important programmatic texts from English into Russian and vice versa is crucial, and so is the publication of introductory materials, critical assessments, and terminological dictionaries. They will allow Western linguists to further familiarize themselves with the theoretical underpinnings and empirical findings of linguoculturology, and help post-Soviet science transcend the geographic and ideological area to which it is still largely confined. The publication, in different issues of the 2020 volume of this journal, of revised versions of the four introductory lectures on the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach I had the pleasure of delivering at Novosibirsk State University in June 2019 will hopefully help achieve some of the cross-fertilization contemporary cultural linguistics so badly needs.
22
Jackman, Zora. „Reporting on the “Guidelines for Communicating Rights to Non-Native Speakers of English in Australia, England and Wales, and the USA” and their application in England and Wales“. Sociolinguistica 33, Nr. 1 (01.12.2019): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soci-2019-0007.
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Abstract Abstract: The article discusses a set of Guidelines which result from the work of the Communication of Rights Group comprising linguists, psychologists, lawyers and interpreters. The Guidelines document’s primary aim is to inform police, lawyers and judicial officers about linguistic issues which impact non-native speakers of English in police interviews, particularly in the communication of rights. The recommendations address the wording and grammar of the rights as well as their wider communication to non-native speaker suspects, including informing those suspects about access to an interpreter, and evaluation of whether or not a non-native speaker of English has understood the rights. It is not the purpose of the Guidelines to replace the right to a professional interpreter; such right needs to be clearly defined. The role of the interpreter in exercising such right also needs to be considered. The article examines the current relevant legislation and guidelines in England and Wales and compares them with the proposed recommendations.
23
Rubino, Antonia. „Multilingualism in Australia“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, Nr. 2 (01.01.2010): 17.1–17.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1017.
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This paper gives a critical overview of Australian research in the area of immigrant languages, arguing that this field of study is a significant component of the wider applied linguistics scene in Australia and has also contributed to enhancing the broad appreciation of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the country. It shows that research into immigrant languages has drawn upon a range of paradigms and evaluates those that have been most productively used. The paper argues that new research developments are needed to take into account the changing linguistic landscape of Australia and the increased fluidity and mobility of current migration.
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Rubino, Antonia. „Multilingualism in Australia“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, Nr. 2 (2010): 17.1–17.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.2.04rub.
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This paper gives a critical overview of Australian research in the area of immigrant languages, arguing that this field of study is a significant component of the wider applied linguistics scene in Australia and has also contributed to enhancing the broad appreciation of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the country. It shows that research into immigrant languages has drawn upon a range of paradigms and evaluates those that have been most productively used. The paper argues that new research developments are needed to take into account the changing linguistic landscape of Australia and the increased fluidity and mobility of current migration.
25
Osborne, Sam. „Kulintja Nganampa Maa-kunpuntjaku (Strengthening Our Thinking): Place-Based Approaches to Mental Health and Wellbeing in Anangu Schools“. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 42, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2013): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2013.25.
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MindMatters, implemented by Principals Australia Institute, is a resource and professional development initiative supporting Australian secondary schools in promoting and protecting the mental health and social and emotional wellbeing of members of school communities, preferring a proactive paradigm (Covey, 1989) to the position of ‘disaster response’. While the MindMatters national focus has continued, grown and become embedded in schools since its beginning in 2000, MindMatters staff have also specifically sought to establish localised mental health and wellbeing (MHWB) promotion in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities that empowers local school and community groups to build on community values and intergenerational capacities for supporting the MHWB of young people. This article outlines the processes for successful practice that have been developed in a very remote Aboriginal school context, and highlights the strengths and benefits of this approach from the perspectives of Anangu (Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara people of Central Australia) educators. Using a community development approach, Anangu educators, skilled linguists, community members and MindMatters trained staff formed learning communities that recontextualised MHWB curriculum to be taught in Anangu schools. While critically reflecting on the process MindMatters has adopted, this article draws on the voices of Anangu to privilege the cultural philosophical positions in the discourse. In so doing, important principles for translating what is fundamentally a western knowledge system's construct into corresponding Anangu knowledge systems is highlighted. Through building on the knowledge base that exists in the community context, Anangu educators, school staff and community members develop confidence, shared language and capacity to become the expert educators, taking their knowledge and resources to other Anangu school communities to begin their MindMatters journey ‘Anangu way’. This process supports students as they engage in the school-based activities and build a language for reflecting on MHWB concerns, leading them to learn and practice ‘better ways of thinking and acting’ (Kulintja Palyantja Palya —the Pitjantjatjara language title for the MindMatters, ‘Anangu Way’ program).
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Katermina, Veronika V., und Sophia Ch Lipiridi. „The linguistic and cultural aspect of the new vocabulary of the coronavirus pandemic“. Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, Nr. 2(2021) (25.06.2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-2-49-59.
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The article studies the linguocultural aspect of the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic neologisms. The similarities and differences between the English and Russian vocabulary of the coronavirus pandemic, generated by the specifics of the cultural code of intercultural communication participants, are analyzed. The relevance of the study is ensured by the continuous expansion of the coronavirus pandemic vocabulary, the permanent interest of linguists in the most popular part of the neological discourse of the English and Russian languages, the need for a scientific interpretation of collective experience reflected in the coronavirus pandemic vocabulary. The objective of the article is a linguistic and cultural analysis of the English and Russian coronavirus pandemic vocabulary to identify the peculiarities of the mindset of these neologisms’ creators in the definitions and contextual field of the given examples. The material of the study is the lexical units used in the speech of the inhabitants of the English-speaking (Great Britain, Ireland, the USA, Canada, Australia, India, South Africa) and the Russian-speaking areas recorded on the Internet. The fundamental research method is linguoculturological analysis supplemented by stylistic, semantic-axiological, comparative and componential analyzes. The role of the borrowing factor in compiling the corpus of the coronavirus pandemic vocabulary is also investigated. The regional specifics of lexical units that reflect the consequences of the spread of the disease is revealed. In particular, the article considers the specificity of the reflection of the emergence of new values on the stylistic layer of these neologisms in both Russian and English speeches.
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Pauwels, Anne. „Australia as a Multilingual Nation“. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 6 (März 1985): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026719050000307x.
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For the benefit of readers unfamiliar with Australia's multilingual situation, the following statistics on language are provided, all derived from the 1976 Australian Census, the most recent one to provide detailed information on language use.lA wealth of languages is represented in Australia: depending on what is considered a language and what a dialect, the number of languages present in Australia is estimated at around 150 for the Aboriginal languages (100 of which are threatened by extinction) and between 75 and 100 for the immigrant languages.
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Caffery, Jo. „Matching Linguistic Training with Individual Indigenous Community's Needs“. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 45, Nr. 2 (13.04.2016): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2016.7.
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Australia is rapidly losing its Indigenous multicultural and multilingual identity. This vast continent has lost 90 per cent of its Indigenous languages and cultures, without adequate documentation, and risks losing the rest by 2050 if action is not taken. There are formal, accredited linguistics courses designed specifically for Indigenous Australians to document and maintain their traditional languages. This research assessed the relevance of linguistic training for Indigenous Australians in remote communities and whether it provides the necessary skills for Indigenous Australians to document and maintain their languages in their particular workplace or community. The study found that Indigenous Australians come from a diversity of areas across the vast continent of Australia, live a diversity of lifestyles, have a diversity of linguistic attitudes and have access to different and often limited resources and support to meet their goals of documenting their endangered languages. As a result, standardised formal training is generally unlikely to provide the necessary linguistic skills needed for their particular community or workplace. However, by matching linguistic training with individual language community's linguistic situation, targeted training could increase the documentation of Australia's Indigenous languages.
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Stockigt, Clara. „Early Descriptions of Pama-Nyungan Ergativity“. Historiographia Linguistica 42, Nr. 2-3 (31.12.2015): 335–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.2-3.05sto.
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Summary Ergative marking and function are generally adequately described in the grammars of the small minority of the Aboriginal Australian Pama-Nyungan languages made before 1930. Without the benefit of an inherited descriptive framework in which to place foreign ergative morphosyntax, missionary-grammarians engaged a variety of terminology and descriptive practices when explaining foreign ergative structures exhibited by this vast genetic subgroup of languages spoken in an area larger than Europe. Some of the terminology had been previously employed in descriptions of other ergative languages. Other terms were innovated in Australia. The great distances separating missionary-grammarians describing different Pama-Nyungan languages, and the absence of a coordinating body fostering Australian grammatical description, meant that grammars were produced in geographic and intellectual isolation from one another. Regional schools of descriptive influence are however apparent, the strongest of which originates in grammars written by Lutheran missionaries of the ‘Adelaide School’. The synchronic descriptions of Pama-Nyungan languages made by missionary-grammarians in Australia informed the development of linguistics in Europe. There is however, little evidence of the movement of linguistic ideas from Europe back into Australia. The term ‘ergative’ to designate the case marking the agent of a transitive verb and the concept of an absolutive case became established practice in the modern era of Australian grammatical description without recognizing that the same terminology and concept of syntactic case had previously been employed in descriptions of Pama-Nyungan languages written in German. The genesis of the term ‘ergative’ originates in the description of Australian Pama-Nyungan case systems.
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Horvath, Barbara, und David Sankoff. „Delimiting the Sydney speech community“. Language in Society 16, Nr. 2 (Juni 1987): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500012252.
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ABSTRACTQuantitative analyses of large data sets make use of both linguistic and sociological categories in sociolinguistic studies. While the linguistic categories are generally well-defined and there are sufficient tokens for further definition based on mathematical manipulation, the social characteristics such as socioeconomic class or ethnicity are neither. The familiar problem of grouping speakers by such sociological characteristics prior to quantitative analysis is addressed and an alternative solution – principal components analysis – is suggested. Principal components analysis is used here as a heuristic for grouping speakers solely on the basis of linguistic behaviour; the groups thus defined can then be described according to sociological characteristics. In addition, by naming the principal components, the major linguistic and social dimensions of the variation in the data can be identified. Principal components analysis was applied to vowel variation data collected as part of a sociolinguistic survey of English in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. (Sociolinguistics, variation studies, quantitative methods in linguistics, dialectology, Australian English, role of migrants in language change)
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Curnow, Timothy Jowan, und Michelle Kohler. „Applied linguistics research in Australia as represented through ARAL“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 40, Nr. 3 (31.12.2017): 311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.17039.cur.
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Abstract From its inception in 1977 until its last year of publication by an Australian publisher in 2015, the Australian Review of Applied Linguistics featured over 700 articles related to applied linguistics. This publication history provides a unique resource for tracing the scope and change of the applied linguistics landscape in Australia over the last four decades. While the journal design and format have naturally undergone some changes in this time, in this paper we consider the nature of the articles themselves, whether there have been changes in coverage or emphasis, and what this can tell us about the history of and the changes in applied linguistics in Australia. Our analysis of the articles focuses in particular on two independent dimensions – the sub-field of applied linguistics and the particular language under focus in each article – and the changes in frequencies of each of these over time.
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Wierzbicka, Anna. „“Semantic Primitives”, fifty years later“. Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, Nr. 2 (15.12.2021): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-2-317-342.
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Are there any concepts that all human beings share? Three hundred years ago Leibniz was convinced that there are indeed such concepts and that they can be identified by trial and error. He called this hypothetical set the alphabet of human thoughts. Gradually, however, the idea faded from philosophical discourse and eventually it was largely forgotten. It was revived in the early 1960s by the Polish linguist Andrzej Bogusławski. A few years later it was taken up in my own work and in 1972 in my book Semantic Primitives a first hypothetical set of universal semantic primitives was actually proposed. It included 14 elements. Following my emigration to Australia more and more linguists joined the testing of the proposed set against an increasing range of languages and domains. As a result, from mid 1980s the set steadily grew. The expansion stopped in 2014, when the number stabilised at 65, and when Cliff Goddard and I reached the conclusion that this is the full set. This paper reviews the developments which have taken place over the last 50 years. It reaffirms our belief that we have identified, in full, the shared alphabet of human thoughts. It also examines the recurring claim that one of these primes, HAVE PARTS, is not universal. Further, the paper argues that there is not only a shared alphabet of human thoughts but a shared mental language, Basic Human, with a specifiable vocabulary and grammar. It points out that the stakes are high, because what is at issue is not only the psychic unity of humankind (Boas 1911) but also the possibility of a universal human community of communication (Apel 1972). The paper contends that Basic Human can provide a secure basis for a non-Anglocentric global discourse about questions that concern us all, such as global ethics, the earth and its future, and the health and well-being of all people on earth.
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Pauwels, Anne. „Language planning, language reform and the sexes in Australia“. Language and Gender in the Australian Context 10 (01.01.1993): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.10.02pau.
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Abstract This paper deals with the phenomena of linguistic sexism and non-sexist language reform (feminist language planning) in the Australian context. It surveys Australian work on linguistic sexism and discusses various aspects of non-sexist language reform in Australia. Particular emphasis is placed on problematic issues relating to feminist language planning, i.e. the selection and evaluation of non-sexist alternatives and the implementation mechanisms for this type of reform. Linguistic change resulting from the reform initiatives and its spread throughout the community is also described briefly.
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McNamara, Tim. „The roots of applied linguistics in Australia“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 24, Nr. 1 (01.01.2001): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.24.1.02mcn.
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Abstract In this paper an attempt is made to identify the origins and distinctive character of Applied Linguistics in Australia, which differ significantly from those in the United States and the United Kingdom, where the field developed in the context of the English language education of international students. The Australian tradition differs in two main respects: (1) the strong influence and representation of the applied linguistics of modern languages, manifest in the work of university teachers of French and other modern languages, and in research on language in immigrant communities; and (2) the distinctive role of the applied linguistics of English, both as a mother tongue in schools, and as a language of immigrants. Using information from a series of interviews with leading figures in the development of Australian applied linguistics, the unique character of Australian Applied Linguistics is revealed.
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Farley, Florence, und Elke Stracke. „Exploring a possible relationship between the attitude of experienced English learners towards Australian English and their L2 motivation“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 42, Nr. 3 (10.09.2019): 224–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.18053.far.
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Abstract This paper investigates a possible relationship between the motivation and attitude of learners towards L2 in the socio-cultural context of Australia. We used an explanatory mixed-methods approach and conducted a survey with 31 international postgraduate TESOL students at a regional university in Australia. Then we conducted semi-structured interviews with six of the students. The survey results suggest a relationship between the way a learner viewed Australian English and their motivation towards L2. The motivational factors were Ideal L2 Self, Linguistic Self Confidence, Cultural Interest, Instrumentality (Promotion) and Ought-to L2 Self. While all contributed to varying degrees in motivating the learners towards L2 learning, only the first three interacted significantly with learners’ attitudes towards Australian English. Further, our interview data highlight that the attitude of the learners with regard to their favorite language variety was based more on Australian English’s Inner Circle status than its linguistic characteristics.
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Enríquez-Aranda, Mercedes. „The Reception of Spain in Australia through Translation: a Linguistic, Cultural and Audiovisual Overview“. Hermēneus. Revista de traducción e interpretación, Nr. 21 (20.12.2019): 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/her.21.2019.165-196.
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The geographical distance between Spain and Australia is not an obstacle to a historical relationship that is developing at linguistic, cultural and audiovisual levels in Australia. This work presents a study of the position of the Spanish language and culture in the Australian social panorama and reflects on the audiovisual media as the main means of conveying this foreign culture and language. From the identification of the elements that participate in the process of translation of the Spanish audiovisual products in Australia, significant conclusions are derived related to the effect that the translation of these audiovisual products can have on the creation of a Spanish cultural image in Australia.
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Bułat-Silva, Zuzanna. „Śpiące języki, czyli słów kilka o sytuacji językowej rdzennych mieszkańców Australii na przykładzie języka gamilaraay z Nowej Południowej Walii“. Język a Kultura 26 (22.02.2017): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.26.27.
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Sleeping languages, afew remarks on the linguistic situation of Aboriginal people in Australia through the specific case of Gamilaraay, an Aboriginal language of New South WalesThe main aim of this article is to investigate revival linguistics, anew branch of linguistics as yet little known in Poland, through the specific case of the recent revival of Gamilaraay, an Aboriginal language of New South Wales, Australia. After discussing the classification of the world’s languages according to their vitality, the author presents the language situation in Australia and offers adefinition of revival linguistics, justifying its relevance to the revitalization of Aboriginal languages, including some that have been extinct for up to two hundred years.
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Estival, Dominique, Cathy Bow, John Henderson, Barbara Kelly, Mary Laughren, Elisabeth Mayer, Diego Mollá et al. „Australia Loves Language Puzzles: The Australian Computational and Linguistics Olympiad (OzCLO)“. Language and Linguistics Compass 8, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2014): 659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12096.
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Gnevsheva, Ksenia, Anita Szakay und Sandra Jansen. „Lexical preference in second dialect acquisition in a second language“. International Journal of Bilingualism 26, Nr. 2 (31.10.2021): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13670069211036932.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: How does second dialect acquisition in a second language compare to that in a first language in terms of rates and predictors of second dialect vocabulary use? Design/methodology/approach: A lexical preference task was completed by four groups of participants residing in Australia: first language speakers of Australian (L1D1) and American (L1D2) English, and first language speakers of Russian who acquired Australian (L2D1) and American (L2D2) English first. The participants named objects which are denoted by different words in American and Australian English (e.g. bell pepper vs capsicum). Data and analysis: The response was coded as either American or Australian, and percentage of use of Australian items was calculated for each group. Findings/conclusions: L1D1 used Australian words the most and L1D2 the least. L2D1 and L2D2 fell between the two L1 groups. L1D2 rate of use was predicted by proportion of life spent in Australia. L2D1 were more likely to choose Australian words if they had lived in Australia longer and had positive attitudes toward Australia. L2D2 were less likely to use Australian words the longer they had lived in the USA. Similar, but not identical, factors predict second dialect acquisition in the first and second languages. Originality: The research is innovative in considering second dialect acquisition in second language speakers and creates a bridge between second language and second dialect acquisition research. Significance/implications: The finding that second language speakers may be more flexible in second dialect acquisition than first language speakers has important implications for our understanding of cognitive and social constraints on acquisition.
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MOSOLOVA, Olga V. „DEMOGRAPHICS SITUATION IN AUSTRALIA: REALITY AND FORECASTS“. Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, Nr. 3(56) (2022): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-3-3-56-194-203.
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Demographics situation in Australia determinates by internal and foreign migration floods, as well by natural increment of population. Australia is a multinational country, therefore the solution of demographics problem is important part of the government policy. Before the pandemic COVID-19 the growth rates of Australian population was higher than in the most developed countries. The main factor of population growth in the years before the pandemic was foreign migration. The population of Australia is the association of the people with rich variety in culture, linguistics and religious attitudes. The most of Australians is the immigrants or the posterity of the immigrants. Introduction of international frontier restrictions in times of pandemic led to the reduction of migrant’s flow, as well to the deceleration of Australian population growth rates. Like this, results of pandemic to a great extent changed demographics situation in the country. As far as to further demographics development of Australia, forecasts shows, that in a future population growth rates must restore, since together with the opening of international frontiers starts the return of provisional and constant migrates. In opinion of experts, in a future migration questions also will be important element of Australian demographics policy.
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Worms, Ernest A. „Australia: Linguistics.: The Aboriginal Mind at Work: Semantic Notes on Australian Languages.“ Mankind 3, Nr. 8 (10.05.2010): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1946.tb01317.x.
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Abi–Esber, Fouad, Ping Yang, Hiromi Muranaka und Mohamed Moustakim. „Linguistic Taboos: A Case Study on Australian Lebanese Speakers“. Asian Culture and History 10, Nr. 1 (28.02.2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v10n1p89.
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This study aims to investigate how Lebanese Arabic speakers living in Australia utilise their linguistic taboos, with the purpose of comprehending their cross-cultural adaptation in the Australian context. The specific research focal point of this study includes how and why Lebanese Arabic speakers of different age range use linguistic taboo words. A total of 56 Lebanese students were deemed to satisfy the participation criteria. A research tool, NVIVO 10 software, was used to analyse the questionnaires and interviews and to help sort major themes, as identified above, for critical discussion. The results show that the older participants tend to use a specially designed euphemistic form of linguistic taboo whereas the younger participants’ use of linguistic taboo is much influenced by some factors such as peer pressures and video games, and they do not always use more taboo words than older participants as reported in previous research. The results indicate the complicated and dynamic sociolinguistic context of the Lebanese community regarding the use of linguistic taboo in Australia. Additionally, it provides insights into how Lebanese speakers manage linguistic taboos successfully in social interactions using their cross-linguistic skills and cross-cultural knowledge.
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Walker, Abby, Jennifer Hay, Katie Drager und Kauyumari Sanchez. „Divergence in speech perception“. Linguistics 56, Nr. 1 (26.01.2018): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0036.
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Abstract This paper presents results from an experiment designed to test whether New Zealand listeners’ perceptual adaptation towards Australian English is mediated by their attitudes toward Australia, which we attempted to manipulate experimentally. Participants were put into one of three conditions, where they either read good facts about Australia, bad facts about Australia, or no facts about Australia (the control). Participants performed the same listening task – matching the vowel in a sentence to a vowel in a synthesized continuum – before and after reading the facts. The results indicate that participants who read the bad facts shifted their perception of kit to more Australian-like tokens relative to the control group, while the participants who read good facts shifted their perception of kit to more NZ-like tokens relative to the control group. This result shows that perceptual adaptation towards a dialect can occur in the absence of a speaker of that dialect and that these adaptations are subject to a listener’s (manipulated) affect towards the primed dialect region.
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Bowern, Claire. „Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, Nr. 1559 (12.12.2010): 3845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0013.
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This paper presents an overview of the current state of historical linguistics in Australian languages. Australian languages have been important in theoretical debates about the nature of language change and the possibilities for reconstruction and classification in areas of intensive diffusion. Here are summarized the most important outstanding questions for Australian linguistic prehistory; I also present a case study of the Karnic subgroup of Pama–Nyungan, which illustrates the problems for classification in Australian languages and potential approaches using phylogenetic methods.
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Musgrave, Simon, und Julie Bradshaw. „Language and social inclusion“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 37, Nr. 3 (01.01.2014): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.37.3.01mus.
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Social inclusion policy in Australia has largely ignored key issues of communication for linguistic minorities, across communities and with the mainstream community. In the (now disbanded) Social Inclusion Board’s reports (e.g., Social Inclusion Unit, 2009), the emphasis is on the economic aspects of inclusion, while little attention has been paid to questions of language and culture. Assimilatory aspects of policy are foregrounded, and language is mainly mentioned in relation to the provision of classes in English as a Second Language. There is some recognition of linguistic diversity but the implications of this for inclusion and intercultural communication are not developed. Australian society can now be characterised as super-diverse, containing numerous ethnic groups each with multiple and different affiliations. We argue that a social inclusion policy that supports such linguistic and cultural diversity needs an evidence-based approach to the role of language and we evaluate existing policy approaches to linguistic and cultural diversity in Australia to assess whether inclusion is construed primarily in terms of enhancing intercultural communication, or of assimilation to the mainstream.
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Clyne, Michael. „The applied linguist in Australia“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.1986): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.9.1.01cly.
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Eggington, William. „Language Policy and Planning in Australia“. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (März 1994): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002865.
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Australian federal and state government language policy and planning efforts have had a remarkable effect on Australian educational and non-educational life during the past twenty years. This effort has resulted in strong international recognition of the Australian language policy experience. For example, Romaine, in the introduction to her anthology focusing on the languages of Australia states that “the movement to set up a national language policy is so far unprecedented in the major Anglophone countries” (Romaine 1991:8).
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MARTYNYUK, O. „LEXICAL STYLISTIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES OF THE AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF LINGUISTIC COUNTRY STUDIES“. Current issues of linguistics and translation studies, Nr. 19 (30.10.2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2019-19-6.
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The article deals with the process of formation and development of the Australian English language, characterizes its present-day lexical, stylistic and phonetic features. It has been found out that the Australian variety of the English language was formed as a result of interaction and development of dialects, colloquialisms, slang, through which the first settlers and emigrants from Great Britain, the United States and other countries of the world communicated. As far as everyday vocabulary is concerned, Australian English shares words and phrases with both British and American English, but also has some terminology of its own. Some elements of Aboriginal languages were incorporated into Australian English, mainly as names for the indigenous flora and fauna, as well as extensive borrowings for place names. Australian English has its own characteristic lexical and stylistic features such as a small number of words from Aboriginal languages; formation of new lexical units by extending pre-existing meanings of words; novel compounds; novel fixed phrases; coinage of lexical units; application of vocabulary from British regional dialects; unique means of imagery (metaphors and similes) that reflect the national Australian authenticity. The most common ways of forming Australian slang vocabulary have been described. A unique set of diminutive forms and abbreviations in Australian English has been exemplified. Australianisms have been defined as words or phrases that either originated or acquired new meanings in Australia and are widely used in everyday Australian English. Australians have a distinct accent, which varies between social classes and is sometimes claimed to vary from state to state, although this is disputed. The difference between the three major Australian accents (Broad Australian, General Australian, and Cultivated Australian) has been highlighted. Cultivated Australian is considered to be closely approaching British Received Pronunciation and Broad Australian – vigorously exhibiting distinctive regional features.
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A. Al-Mutairi, Mohammad. „Kachru’s Three Concentric Circles Model of English Language: An Overview of Criticism & the Place of Kuwait in it“. English Language Teaching 13, Nr. 1 (13.12.2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n1p85.
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This paper attempts to examine in a descriptive way the pioneering model of “World Englishes” proposed by Kachru in the mid-1980s that allocates the presence of English into three concentric circles: The Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle. The Inner Circle presents the countries where English is used as a native language and as a first language among people. These countries include the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The Outer Circle includes countries that have old historical British colonial relations and where English is commonly used in social life or the government sectors. Most of the countries that belong to this circle are former colonies of the British Empire, such as India, Malaysia, Singapore, Ghana, Kenya, and others. The usage of English in these countries is similar to what is known as English as a second language. The third circle, The Expanding Circle, includes countries that introduce English as a foreign language in schools and universities, mostly for communicating in English with the Inner and Outer Circles. Such countries include Turkey, Saudi Arabia, The Emirates, Japan, China, Korea, and others.
Since its first introduction in 1985, Kachru's Three Concentric Circles Model of English Language has occasioned a great debate. Many linguists considered it one of the most influential models for understanding the use of English in different countries. Some, on the other hand, including Kachru himself, criticized the model for its oversimplification and the unclear membership to the circles. In addition to an overview of criticism on Kachru's model based on different studies, this paper tries to locate the place of ELT in Kuwait among the three circles.
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Nirala, Bandana. „Colonial Politics and Problem of Language in David Malouf’s Remembering Babylon“. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 1, Nr. 3 (Juli 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc1305.
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Language plays a critical role in postcolonial literature. English has been the dominant language of European imperialism that carried the European culture to the different colonies across the world. Australia is the settled countries where English has become not only the official and mainstream language of the country but has also put the indigenous languages on the verge of extinction. David Malouf’s Remembering Babylon is a postcolonial text that re-imagines the colonial history of Australian settlement presenting the early socio- cultural and linguistic clashes between the settlers and the Aboriginals. The present paper tries to analyze the various dimensions of language envisioning its micro to macro impacts on the individual, community and nation as well. British used English language as the weapon of spreading European culture in Australia causing the systematic replacement of local dialects and other vernacular languages; hence the issues of linguistic and cultural identities would also be among the focal points of the discussion. The paper also attempts to examine how David Malouf provides a solution by preferring and appropriating native languages and culture for the future ofs Australia.