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1
Wai-yee, Emily Poon. „The pitfalls of linguistic equivalence“. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 14, Nr. 1 (31.12.2002): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.14.1.04poo.
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This paper discusses the problems of legislative translation in Hong Kong through the study of the rules adopted by the Department of Justice to select equivalent lexical terms and from the examination of the sentence structure and legislative expressions in pre-modern and modern ordinances. While literal translation can be effective in achieving “equal intent” on comparison with the original text, this paper will examine supplementary approaches in an attempt to address the problems and contradictions previously experienced in legislative translation and to increase the effectiveness of the translated text.
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Порожнюк, А. Л. „SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE IN TERMINOLOGY (LINGUISTIC TERMS)“. Opera in linguistica ukrainiana 1, Nr. 24 (27.06.2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2017.24.131373.
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Dwianasari, Anita. „TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROMISING AND OFFERING UTTERANCES IN FORREST GUMP MOVIE“. Journal of Language and Literature 6, Nr. 1 (2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2018.v6i1.2479.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze the promising and offering utterances in commissive of speech act, translation techniques and its equivalences in Forrest Gump movie subtitles. The method used is qualitative method. The results showed several techniques employed, such as adaptation, borrowing, established equivalent, linguistic compression, literal translation, modulation, particularization, reduction, transposition, and variation. The translation technique mostly used is established equivalence. For the shift rendering in source text and target text in Forrest Gump movie subtitles, it is concluded that mostly the data do not occur any shift in promising or offering utterances. Also, in terms of translation equivalence, the dominant kind of translation equivalence in this research is dynamic equivalence.
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Rahardi, Kunjana. „Linguistic Impoliteness in The Sociopragmatic Perspective“. Jurnal Humaniora 29, Nr. 3 (28.10.2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.24954.
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The discrepancy of the study of linguistic politeness and impoliteness phenonema has been pronounced in the pragmatic study. However, up to this day the study of linguistic impoliteness, particularly based on culture-specific backgrounds has not been done. This research discusses the pragmatic manifestations of linguistic impoliteness. Through this research, a detailed description of how the manifestations and intentions of the linguistic impoliteness markers would be obtained. The data was gathered by using listening and speaking methods in linguistics. The data gathered through the basic and advanced listening and speaking methods was analyzed by using the equivalence method, particularly the extra-lingual equivalence. The research results showed that the pragmatic impoliteness was classified into five categories, namely (1) face-aggravating, (2) face-loss, (3) face-playing, (4) face-threatening, (5) deliberate ignorance. Each category of the linguistic impoliteness was described in details in its impoliteness subcategories, each was determined by its pragmatic meanings and intentions.
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Rahardi, Kunjana. „Linguistic Impoliteness in The Sociopragmatic Perspective“. Jurnal Humaniora 29, Nr. 3 (28.10.2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v29i3.24954.
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The discrepancy of the study of linguistic politeness and impoliteness phenonema has been pronounced in the pragmatic study. However, up to this day the study of linguistic impoliteness, particularly based on culture-specific backgrounds has not been done. This research discusses the pragmatic manifestations of linguistic impoliteness. Through this research, a detailed description of how the manifestations and intentions of the linguistic impoliteness markers would be obtained. The data was gathered by using listening and speaking methods in linguistics. The data gathered through the basic and advanced listening and speaking methods was analyzed by using the equivalence method, particularly the extra-lingual equivalence. The research results showed that the pragmatic impoliteness was classified into five categories, namely (1) face-aggravating, (2) face-loss, (3) face-playing, (4) face-threatening, (5) deliberate ignorance. Each category of the linguistic impoliteness was described in details in its impoliteness subcategories, each was determined by its pragmatic meanings and intentions.
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Almujaiwel, Sultan. „Explaining the complexities of cross-linguistic features using comparable Arabic and English corpora“. Corpora 13, Nr. 2 (August 2018): 135–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2018.0142.
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The aim of this paper was to conduct a critical inquiry into the status of equivalence in a given context in a bilingual lexicographical work and English–Arabic comparable corpora. This was intended to show the degree of accuracy which old-fashioned approaches and comparable corpora-based ones achieve. The investigation that was launched to demonstrate the degree of accuracy is based on the case of the entries questionnaire and survey, and their Arabic equivalents, al-ʾistiftāʾ and al-ʾistibyān. As these entries and equivalents have been given interchangeable senses in the lexicographical work, the comparable corpora have given evidence of clear-cut distinctions between them. The comparable English–Arabic corpora used in the case study is the Bank of English (WordbanksOnline) and the following three Arabic corpora: Arabic Internet Corpus, Arabic Wikipedia and arabiCorpus. The large-scale comparable English–Arabic corpora-based approach to the intended entries and equivalents has shown the importance of such a method. In spite of comparability between English and Arabic still being underdeveloped, the use of comparable corpora in this paper was identified by adopting the following criteria: sampling frame, genres, proportions and years of natural texts. Each entry with each equivalent were examined in their expanded concordance lines, with a span of about ten n-grams, in order to sketch their contextual senses. This has helped to criticise the contextually inappropriate equivalence of the intended entries. Such an analysis has implied that sketching contexts conveyed by large-scale source and target corpora can help to enhance the reliability of equivalence divisions.
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Hrushko, Svitlana. „MODELS OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE IN MACHINE TRANSLATION: PRAGMATIC ASPECT“. Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, Nr. 30 (März 2020): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-4.
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The purpose of the article is to study problems of translation equivalence in machine translation, which is based on a sequence of invariable actions (algorithms) with a text to identify linguistic equivalents in a pair of languages at a given direction of translation by means of a computer, in respect of the pragmatic aspect. Translation equivalence is understood as a specific type of equivalence, which is fundamentally different from other types, since it does not correlate with the phenomena that have a special place in the structure of a language, but the phenomena that currently exist in a language correlation or are equivalent to the text content. The translation is formalized, but allows getting an idea of the text content at the introductory level, since it is not an accurate, adequate translation, but performs the function of rendering basic information. Machine translation is not able to render nuances of an original text, not only at the lexical level. When translating, it is necessary to take peculiarities of syntax and semantics into account. Adequate computer translation is almost impossible in this case. This fact is recognized by all scholars who study possibilities of this type of translation only when rendering main content of a document without taking language nuances and features into account. Machine translation can be carried out on a basis of the translation equivalence (objective and dynamic) model. The model in terms of linguistic technology provides an optimal solution of problems of independent linguistic description and algorithm. The system of translation equivalence, which can be implemented within the model of translation equivalence, allows providing sufficient quality of machine translation at the pre-editing stage. When creating a machine translation program, in addition to solving linguistic problems, a program of their implementation is also necessary, since a translation program is a tool for studying and finding information in a foreign language, and the prospects of a machine translation are related to the further development of translation theory and practice in general.
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Pym, Anthony. „Natural and directional equivalence in theories of translation“. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 19, Nr. 2 (31.12.2007): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.19.2.07pym.
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Equivalence was a key word in the linguistics-based translation theories of the 1960s and 1970s, although its basic mode of thought may be traced back to Cicero and later to the Renaissance theories that began to presuppose languages of equal status. Close inspection reveals that some theories assume pre-existing equivalents and are thus concerned with a search for “natural” equivalence. Other theories allow that translators actively create equivalents, and are thus concerned with “directional” equivalence. The first kind of equivalence is concerned with what languages ideally do prior to translation; the other deals with what they can do. These two approaches are often intertwined, giving rise to many misunderstandings and unfair criticisms of the underlying concept. The historical undoing of the equivalence paradigm came when the directional use of the term allowed that equivalence need be no more a belief or expectation at the moment of reception, which need not be substantiated on the level of linguistic forms. At the same time, source texts became less stable and languages have been returning to more visibly hierarchical relations, further undermining the concept. Contemporary localization projects may nevertheless fruitfully be interrogated from the perspective of natural and directional equivalence, since the presumptions are being used by contemporary technology precisely at the moment when the terms themselves have been dropped from critical and exploratory metalanguage.
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Lotfipour-Saedi, Kazem. „Discourse Analysis and the Problem of Translation Equivalence“. Meta 35, Nr. 2 (30.09.2002): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003520ar.
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Abstract The translator's task has usually been defined as the establishment of an equivalence between the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) texts, and the translation process has been characterized as a branch of contrastive linguistics. But neither the nature of translation equivalence (TE) has been carefully specified nor a comprehensive framework consistent with the true nature of linguistic I communicative behaviour has been employed for contrasting languages for translation purposes. Consequently translation studies have always lacked a sound scientific framework. This paper attempts to study the nature of TE within the framework of a comprehensive contrastive analysis of SL and TL at discourse level and suggests seven different components for TE.
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Vik-Tuovinen, Gun-Viol. „Progress in Simultaneous Interpreting - an Evaluation of the Development of four Students“. HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 8, Nr. 14 (05.01.2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v8i14.25095.
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This article describes an analysis of students’ simultaneous interpreting performance. The interpreting performance of four students was recorded in the beginning and at the end of their interpreting training. The performances were then analysed by using a modified version of a model of analysis presented by Kopczynski (1980 and 1981). Factors paid attention to in the analysis were equivalence, linguistic competence, linguistic performance and style. The analysis shows that equivalence improves during the period of training but does not achieve the level of equivalence of professional interpreters. In the area of linguistic competence, progress can be noticed as well, but in the area of linguistic performance the students only progress slightly.
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Bolaños Cuéllar, Sergio. „Equivalence within the Dynamic Translation Model (DTM): Default Equivalence Position, Equivalence Range, Initiator’s Instructions, and Translational Norms“. Forma y Función 29, Nr. 2 (26.09.2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/fyf.v29n2.60194.
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Within the framework of a Dynamic Translation Model (DTM) (Bolaños, 2008) an attempt is made to show how equivalence is actually a key concept for the definition and explanation of translation. Central to this modern approach to translational equivalence is the relationship that holds between the Default Equivalence Position (DEP), Equivalence Range (ER), Initiator’s Instructions (II), and Translational Norms (TN). In this approach it is also clear that the explanatory power of the concept of equivalence is widened and it becomes suitable to adequately account for the different types of equivalence that are established in different text types (literary, scientific, and appellative texts), when several translational strategies are used, e.g. by resorting to domesticating or foreignizing linguistic resources.
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Sickinger, Pawel. „Aiming for Cognitive Equivalence – Mental Models as a Tertium Comparationis for Translation and Empirical Semantics“. Research in Language 15, Nr. 2 (30.06.2017): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0013.
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This paper introduces my concept of cognitive equivalence (cf. Mandelblit, 1997), an attempt to reconcile elements of Nida’s dynamic equivalence with recent innovations in cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology, and building on the current focus on translators’ mental processes in translation studies (see e.g. Göpferich et al., 2009, Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, 2010). My approach shares its general impetus with Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk’s concept of re-conceptualization, but is independently derived from findings in cognitive linguistics and simulation theory (see e.g. Langacker, 2008; Feldman, 2006; Barsalou, 1999; Zwaan, 2004). Against this background, I propose a model of translation processing focused on the internal simulation of reader reception and the calibration of these simulations to achieve similarity between ST and TT impact. The concept of cognitive equivalence is exemplarily tested by exploring a conceptual / lexical field (MALE BALDNESS) through the way that English, German and Japanese lexical items in this field are linked to matching visual-conceptual representations by native speaker informants. The visual data gathered via this empirical method can be used to effectively triangulate the linguistic items involved, enabling an extra-linguistic comparison across languages. Results show that there is a reassuring level of inter-informant agreement within languages, but that the conceptual domain for BALDNESS is linguistically structured in systematically different ways across languages. The findings are interpreted as strengthening the call for a cognition-focused, embodied approach to translation.
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Karpilovska, Ievheniia. „Terms–Aspectual Synonyms in the Cognitive Space of Language“. Terminological Bulletin, Nr. 5 (2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-2.
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The article deals with the Ukrainian linguistic terms – aspectual synonyms. They are considered as a kind of conceptual synonyms that have common or different features of the same concept. Groups of homogeneous aspectual synonyms which form facets in the cognitive space of contemporary Ukrainian linguistic terminological system are determined as well as groups of heterogeneous aspectual synonyms, which are organized into clusters. The operational function of such synonyms for the forming of classes of equivalents of one- and multi-lingual terms in the informational-retrieval language of the keywords of the Base of the World Slavic Linguistics iSybislaw is emphasized. Determination of certain feature in the cognitive structure of multilingual terms creates the base for revealing the degree of their content closeness and the validity for the inclusion of terms-keywords to the certain classes of equivalence in the information-retrieval language of iSybislaw. The determination of common cognitive features for terms in different languages enables the structuring of their classes of equivalents in the iSybislaw system and, therefore, to organize searching of information within certain facets of aspectual synonyms within such classes; to search equivalents to foreign linguistic terms with the same features of the nomination concept common for them in certain national linguistic traditions. The analysis of aspectual synonyms in the contemporary Ukrainian linguistic terminological system will provide a solid basis for studying the state and perspectives of understanding the linguistic concepts which today are in the focus of attention and active work of specialists, as well as to find their links with the nominations of the same concepts in other languages and the forming of classes of equivalents for the language of the keywords of the iSybislaw system. Such structuring of the classes of equivalents on the basis of the commonality of the features of multi-lingual coreferential terms will help to optimize the searching of information in the database of system iSybislaw, as well as to create on its basis a new thesaurus of Slavic linguistic terminology as a hypertext system.
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Al-Tae, Dr Niama Dahash Farhan. „A Linguistic Study of Ibn-Khaldoon’s Introduction: A Procedural Study in the Light of (Folklore Linguistics Project)“. ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 213, Nr. 1 (11.11.2018): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v213i1.650.
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The linguistic theory of heritage has adopted the ancient Arabic linguistic Folklore as a subject for various studies on the basis of the principles of rereading, which is characterized by multi-purposes like briefing ancient linguistic perceptions and interpreting them in accordance with the new trends of linguistic research in a way to equalize the ancient linguistic thought results. The new trends in linguistic theories have a new view to identify its historical and civilized value according to the new type of a new reading to have it been as an intellectual attitude by itself. As the linguistic subjects involve certain purposes, this study aims at finding out the closeness and similarity between the Arabic linguistic folklore and the new trends in linguistics. To be tackled with in our Arabic folklore is what Ibn-Khaldoon left, which is used to be distinguished and pre his era, regarding applied linguistic similarities. His remarks extended to theoretical linguistic issues related to Arabic, in particular. He talked about language and linguistics ; their concepts and natures, tackled with the issue of linguistic development and the functions of parsing regarding its nature as far as form and function concerned. He indicated rhetoric and eloquence and deeply showed the relation between language and society. Such nature and its earlier effect of what we call linguistic variation , or to put it more precisely, it was as an attempt to explore the extent of equivalence between the linguistic structure and socio-psycho structures which used to be as the basic foundation of applied linguistics; therefore, these similarities have been demonstrated in two sections:
1 - Psycholinguistic similarities according to Ibn-Khaldoon.
2 - Sociolinguistic similarity according to Ibn-Khaldoon.
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Castellano Martínez, José María. „Análisis del concepto de equivalencia en la traducción institucional del ámbito de la Unión Europea“. Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, Nr. 7 (2012): 43–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2012.i07.02.
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This paper aims to analyze the concept of equivalence which is registered within the specialized context of the European Union institutions. Firstly, a historical sketch of the principal theories about equivalence is provided in order to studying the said concept from three different perspectives, namely, linguistics -the study of this concept in relation to multilingualism policy-, legal -the relevance of the legal and institutional framework according to this concept of equivalence-, and finally, a perspective from the translation studies to investigate the notions of ST and TT as well as the act of linguistic translation it-self; between other aspects related to translating in this specialized field. Finally, this work aims to provide a proposed definition for the said concept of equivalence by considering the conclusions from the previous issues, considered as limits defining this context of specialization.
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Susini, Made, I. Nengah Sudipa, I. Nyoman Suparwa und Ida Ayu Made Puspani. „Material Clause Re-contextualization in Indonesian-English Translation“. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, Nr. 10 (01.10.2019): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0910.02.
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This research is to investigate linguistic re-contextualization found in the translation from Indonesian into English. Applying pragmatic translation equivalence (House, 2015) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014), it focuses on how material clause in Indonesian meditation text is rendered into English. The research finding shows that to achieve translation equivalence, Indonesian material clause is re-contextualized by rendering it into relational clause of attributive, relational clause of identification and material clause using different type of process. The re-contextualization results in shift of dematerialization and shift from one type of material clause into another type of material clause.
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Terkourafi, Marina. „The pragmatic variable: Toward a procedural interpretation“. Language in Society 40, Nr. 3 (24.05.2011): 343–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404511000212.
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AbstractLabov defined the linguistic variable as “a class of variants which are ordered along a continuous dimension and whose position is determined by an independent linguistic or extralinguistic variable” (1966:15). A precondition for identifying surface forms as variants of a single variable is semantic, or truth-conditional, equivalence. This requirement proves hard to apply beyond (morpho)phonology, and was subsequently relaxed into one of functional equivalence. The focus of this article is pragmatic variation and how we should interpret functional equivalence to account for this. It is proposed that the variants of a pragmatic variable share a common procedural meaning, defined as a set of instructions guiding the inferential phase of utterance interpretation. Recasting the core meaning of pragmatic variables in procedural terms allows us to co-examine alternating forms that may express different referential meanings, remaining true to the spirit of Labov's proposal, who saw linguistic variables as socially motivated clusterings of forms. (Pragmatic variation, functional equivalence, procedural meaning, Relevance Theory)*
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Gasparyan, Seda. „The Word “Yeghern” and the Semantic Field of Its Equivalence in English“. Armenian Folia Anglistika 6, Nr. 1-2 (7) (15.10.2010): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2010.6.1-2.138.
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The present article examines the translated versions of the Armenian word yeghern in English and the semantic field of its equivalence. Based on the well-known speech/language dichotomy which is of fundamental importance in linguistics, the author examines the word as a unit of the language system and as an element endowed with a certain amount of dynamism and stylistic and pragmatic nuances in speech. The study of the word yeghern at the linguistic level is based on numerous data provided by explanatory, terminological and synonym dictionaries. The study of the speech peculiarities of the use of this unit is carried out from the point of view of the horizontal and vertical contexts based on the appeal to the Swedish parliament of 68 specialists of various fields. The investigation confirms that despite the broad semantic field of the unit both in Armenian and in English, the English equivalent for the word yeghern is genocide – the only equivalent which was internationally acknowledged back in 1948.
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Gasek, Bogumil. „Multiple Equivalence in “Polish-Russian Dictionary of Translation Pairs”“. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, Nr. 2 (Mai 2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.2.8.
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This article provides an overview of multiple equivalence presentations in "Polish-Russian Dictionary of Translation Pairs" ("Polsko-rosyjski słownik par przekładowych") edited by Wojciech Chlebda, which provides more than one Russian equivalent for a Polish lexical item. The uniqueness of the dictionary is in its arrangement that is re-product functioning as a dictionary entry, which determines its choice for analysis. "Re-product" is understood as a single-word or multi-word reproducible language item assigned to specific communicative situations. Such a broad definition allowed including a wide variety of items – from single words, through fixed phrases, proper names, titles of literary works and films, popular expressions, proverbs and sayings, scientific terms, linguistic etiquette formulas – into the lexicographical edition under analysis. In the course of the dictionary content multi-aspectual analysis it became evident that its input item arrangement is based on multiple equivalence; moreover, the dictionary provides meticulously selected equivalents, meeting at the same time the main conceptual requirement related to the use of the collected material for the purposes of teaching Russian. However, the analysis also revealed certain shortcomings to light, pointing to the need for a more precise gradation of equivalents and more accurate use of qualifiers, and requirement to provide some translation pairs with additional equivalents. In single cases, other (than those included in the dictionary) Russian equivalents were suggested.
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Defrancq, Bart. „Establishing cross-linguistic semantic relatedness through monolingual corpora“. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 13, Nr. 4 (08.12.2008): 465–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.13.4.04def.
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Each instance of language comparison requires observations on semantic equivalence. Meaning is by far the most popular tertium comparationis in contrastive and typological research. However, the question of how semantic equivalence is to be determined remains extremely difficult to solve. This paper presents an approach to detect semantic relatedness between a limited range of lexical items from different languages on the basis of monolingual data. Applying distributional similarity (Dagan et al. 1999) cross-linguistically, it identifies semantically related verbs governing embedded interrogatives by looking at the frequency of the question words (i.e. wh-items) that are used in the embedded interrogatives in monolingual corpora. Convincing results are obtained for six different language pairs: English-French, English-Dutch, English-Spanish, French-Dutch, French-Spanish and Dutch-Spanish.
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Saxena, Shekhar, Kathryn Quinn, Pratap Sharan, B. Naresh, Hao Yuantao und Mick Power. „Cross-linguistic equivalence of WHOQOL-100: A study from North India“. Quality of Life Research 14, Nr. 3 (April 2005): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-004-1084-4.
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Boiko, I. V. „Diachronic plurality of retranslations in the context of translation equivalence (case study of Ukrainian retranslations of W. Shakespeare’s tragedies)“. Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Nr. 3 (341) (2021): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-3(341)-142-151.
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The article considers the concept of equivalence in the context of the diachronic plurality of retranslations of Shakespeare's tragedies. An analysis of different approaches to determining the levels of equivalence is given: E. Nida and K. Rice distinguish formal and dynamic equivalence; J. Catford differentiates formal equivalent and text equivalent; J. House determines the difference between explicit and implicit translation. W. Koller distinguishes five types of equivalence: denotative equivalence, connotative equivalence, text-normative equivalence, pragmatic equivalence, and formal equivalence. V. Komissarov defines the levels of equivalence that form a hierarchical structure: levels of communication objectives, description of the situation, utterance, messages, and linguistic signs. The article highlights the notion of diachronic plurality of retranslations of a time-remote original text on the example of Ukrainian retranslations of the XIX–XXI centuries of Shakespeare's tragedies „Hamlet” and „Romeo and Juliet” and defines the basic principles of equivalence theory on which diachronic plurality of retranslations is based. The specifics of translators' use of different strategies in achieving equivalence of the original text and the translated one, which are due to the creative personality of the translator and translation style, is described. The article demonstrates that achieving the equivalence of a time-remote original text that is not a fixed quantity is a very important task for every translator, whose decision is determined by various factors, including the translator's choice of appropriate strategies and tactics. Each translation reflects its „own” original, which always follows from the individual vision of the text by the translator.
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Космеда, Тетяна. „Українсько-польські паралелі в системі фразеологічних біблеїзмів“. Acta Polono-Ruthenica 2, Nr. XXIV (30.06.2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.4468.
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At the end of the ХХ and the beginning of the ХХІ century an intensive development of theo-linguistics can be traced as a direction of linguistics, which aims at the investigation of the relation between language and religion. A theonym is considered to be the main unit of theolinguistics, and bibleism is considered to be its variety. Phraseologism – the main form of the structural expres-sion of bibleisms – is considered to from the point of its wide linguistic understanding. Nowadays the formation of an international bibleisms-phraseologisms can be traced and have a specific ex-pression in Ukrainian and Polish linguo-cultures. The above mentioned phenomenon has got its reflection in the Concise Ukrainian-Polish Dictionary ofSetExpressions: Equivalent Words, Phraseologisms, Proverbs and Sayings (compilors: T. Kosmeda, O. Gomenyuk, T. Osipova, 2017), and was the first one in the history of Ukrainian-Polish Phraseology. The character, the types and the degree of equivalence of the fragment of Ukrainian-Polish phraseological units have been analyzed. The degree of equivalence includes the bibleisms, which are fixated in the above mentioned dictio-nary (75 units). It has been revealed that the Ukrainians and Polish expressions are the product of two related Slavic languages that have got many things in common in the system of the bibleisms-phrase-ologisms. Under conditions of similar semantics we may trace some formal differences caused by variation and optional components of the structure of phraseologisms and a non-correspondence of their grammatical forms and syntactic structures in general, etc. Not full equivalents can be traced as well, and were caused by semantics non-correspondence (it can be wider or narrower and rarely absolutely non-equivalent or homonymic) and pragmatics (the presence of polar axiology, unequal stylistic parameterization).
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Hasyim, Muhammad, Prasuri Kuswarini und Kaharuddin. „- SEMIOTIC MODEL FOR EQUIVALENCE AND NON-EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION“. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, Nr. 3 (20.05.2020): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8341.
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Purpose of the study: Not all languages have a universal concept of the same object, and this creates problems in translation. This paper aims to examine the semiotic model for equivalence or non-equivalence in translation which attempts to define the semiotic model, to use the model for translation, and to offer the benefits of this model to solving translation’s problem in equivalence and non-equivalence.
Methodology: The data of this research are derived from the novel Lelaki Harimau, as the source language and L'homme Tigre, as the target language. This model is used in the Indonesian novel which has been translated into 14 languages, one of which is in French. The authors use a semiotic approach to analyze the equivalence and non-equivalence in the translation.
Main Findings: This study reveals that the concept of signified in the semiotic theory proposes two models: the first: translation using the same concept in the source text (ST) and target text (TT), which is broadly known as equivalence, the second: translation using different concept between ST and TT, this called non-equivalence. This article not only explores the issue of meaning contextually in translation, but also the use of the semiotic model in translation which shows that the language perspective depends on the relationship between the sign and the object.
Applications of this study: The model for this study can be used not only in translation studies at universities but also in providing supporting data for applied linguistic studies.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a novelty in translation research with a semiotic approach. The contribution of this study is that the semiotics perspective suggests that a sign in the concept level (signified) will not be universal due to different cultural backgrounds.
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Koller, Werner. „The Concept of Equivalence and the Object of Translation Studies1“. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 7, Nr. 2 (01.01.1995): 191–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.7.2.02kol.
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Abstract Regardless of the approach one uses in the study of translating and translations, it remains necessary to delimit the legitimate field of concern. I.e. translations must be identified and described sui generis as the results of a text-processing activity. From the linguistic and text-theoretical perspective this objective is fulfilled by the concept of equivalence; a translation is defined as a secondary text that stands in an equivalence relation to a primary text. The range of the equivalence-oriented approach and the possibilities it offers for systematic description and explanation of translational phenomena are, however, limited. Its problems and limitations become apparent not only in the context of historical translation research, but also whenever interest focusses upon the text-productive—i.e. ultimately creative—aspect of translation, as opposed to its reproductive aspect, i.e. the linguistic-textual relationships between languages and texts as these are deduced from regularities.
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Marty, Paul, und Jacopo Romoli. „Presuppositions, implicatures, and contextual equivalence“. Natural Language Semantics 29, Nr. 2 (08.04.2021): 229–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-021-09176-0.
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AbstractMaximize Presupposition! (MP), as originally proposed in Heim (Semantik: Ein internationales Handbuch der zeitgenössischen Forschung, pp. 487–535, 1991) and developed in subsequent works, offers an account of the otherwise mysterious unassertability of a variety of sentences. At the core of MP is the idea that speakers are urged to use a sentence ψ over a sentence ϕ if ψ contributes the same new information as ϕ, yet carries a stronger presupposition. While MP has been refined in many ways throughout the years, most (if not all) of its formulations have retained this characterisation of the MP-competition. Recently, however, the empirical adequacy of this characterisation has been questioned in light of certain newly discovered cases that are infelicitous, despite meeting MP-competition conditions. This has led some researchers to broaden the scope of MP, extending it to competition between sentences which are not contextually equivalent (Spector and Sudo in Linguistics and Philosophy 40(5):473–517, 2017) and whose presuppositions are not satisfied in the context (Anvari in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory 28, pp. 711–726, 2018; Manuscript, IJN-ENS, 2019). In this paper, we present a body of evidence showing that these formulations of MP are sometimes too liberal, sometimes too restrictive: they overgenerate infelicity for a variety of felicitous cases while leaving the infelicity of minimally different cases unaccounted for. We propose an alternative, implicature-based approach stemming from Magri (PhD dissertation, MIT, 2009), Meyer (PhD dissertation, MIT, 2013), and Marty (PhD dissertation, MIT, 2017), which reintroduces contextual equivalence and presupposition satisfaction in some form through the notion of relevance. This approach is shown to account for the classical and most of the novel cases. Yet some of the latter remain problematic for this approach as well. We end the paper with a systematic comparison of the different approaches to MP and MP-like phenomena, covering both the classical and the novel cases. All in all, the issue of how to properly restrict the competition for MP-like phenomena remains an important challenge for all accounts in the literature.
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Oyioka, Deborah Nyanchama, Benson Oduor Ojwang und Dr David Ogoti Ongarora. „An investigation of partial meaning and non-equivalence in English translations of Ekegusii kinship terms“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 6, Nr. 1 (11.09.2015): 895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v6i1.4603.
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The main challenge that translators face is that of non-equivalence as the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) almost always have cultural and linguistic differences (organize words differently). Accordingly, one needs to be aware of the linguistic differences between the two cultures. A group uses a set of terms to name the people they are related to by blood, marriage or adoption which should be recognized by members of the speech community. This study explores kinship terms in Ekegusii, a language that has been coded as E42 in Guthrie's (1971) classification of Bantu languages and belongs to the interlacustrine zones, namely D and E. Both Ekegusii and English languages have their unique kinship term systems which pose translation problems with regard to equivalence. Unlike English nouns that denote family relations in a pretty straightforward way, Ekegusii™s way of addressing family members and relatives differs and to some degree it may be difficult to those who are not familiar with the Ekegusii culture. Consequently, this paper investigates the problem of non-equivalence at word level in translation between Ekegusii and English. The paper presents background knowledge and different approaches related to non-equivalence. Subsequently, conceptual kinship terminologies are contrasted to prove that there is a significant linguistic gap between Ekegusii and English. The paper then proposes a classification of non-equivalence at word level based on Mona Bakers point of view. Finally, the paper suggests effective strategies to deal with non-equivalence at word level in translation of Ekegusii kinship terms.
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Mtuze, P. T. „Towards establishing linguistic paternity and genetic relationship in disputed translation equivalence cases“. South African Journal of African Languages 12, Nr. 2 (Januar 1992): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586932.
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Hahn, Elizabeth A., Rita K. Bode, Hongyan Du und David Cella. „Evaluating linguistic equivalence of patient-reported outcomes in a cancer clinical trial“. Clinical Trials: Journal of the Society for Clinical Trials 3, Nr. 3 (Juni 2006): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1740774506cn148oa.
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Cai-ying, Wang, und Dai Congjie. „The Errors and Solutions on C-E Translation of Environmental Protection-Related Signs Guided by Functional Equivalence“. Journal of Social Science Studies 5, Nr. 2 (04.04.2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v5i2.12952.
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With the growing concern about the environment protection, environmental protection-related signs are ubiquitous in China now. This paper first introduces the relevant concepts about functional equivalence, analyzes the errors and mistakes in Chinese-English translation of environmental protection-related signs and proposes some feasible solutions. Common errors in translations in question include linguistic errors, cultural errors and pragmatic errors which generally result from cultural discrepancy, the translators’ incompetence and the initiators’ carelessness. Some solutions like lexicon equivalence, semantic equivalence, syntax equivalence, discourse equivalence are proposed to solve these problems.
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Triastika, Herlyn. „TEXTUAL EQUIVALENCE IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH TEXTS INTO INDONESIAN“. IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW 3, Nr. 1 (02.06.2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.031.09.
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This research aims to determine textual equivalence in the translation of scientific texts in English into Indonesian in depth. This study used a qualitative approach using the content analysis method. The data to the analysis performed in this study based on the six-step qualitative research developed by Myring. The findings in this study indicate that: (1) The equivalence of thematic structure contained in the translation of textbooks Approaches to Discourse into Indonesian is the equivalence on the pattern/ thematic arrangement of the unmarked theme and a simple theme/topical theme, (2) the information structure equivalence Between source text (ST) and target text (TT) is the equivalence in the form of organization of given and new information. (3) Equivalence in the cohesive devices translation is found in the use of grammatical cohesive devices, (4) The translation method used is the literal translation, (5) The discovered distortion was fully related to the aspects of semantics and linguistic equivalents, (6) The factors causing distortion are the translators’ skills and competencies, (7) The impact inflicted by the various distortion in the target text (TT) is that the translation readersgetdifferent messages from the message of source text (ST).
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Polyakov, O. M. „Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 1. Categorization“. Discourse 5, Nr. 4 (29.10.2019): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2019-5-4-102-114.
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Introduction. The article opens a series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter R–linguistics), the purpose of which is to formalize the processes studied by linguistics, to expand the possibilities of their use in artificial intelligence systems. At the heart of R-linguistics is the hypothesis that mental and linguistic activity is based on the use of consciousness model of the world, which is a system of specially processed relationships observed in the world or received by consciousness in the process of communication.Methodology and sources. This article is devoted to the axiomatization of the categorization process. The research methods consist of the development of necessary mathematical concepts for linguistics.Results and discussion. Axioms of categorization are defined and their equivalence with other systems of axioms is established. The concept of linguistic spaces, which consist of categories formed on the basis of axioms, is formulated. The properties of linguistic spaces are defined. In the paper are introduced the concepts of forming species which are important in decompositions of spaces, and in the transition to a parametric representation and language. Three variants of categorization are considered, the most important of which is verbal categorization. The evaluation of the results and their further development in different directions is carried out.Conclusion. At the end of the article some additional comments are made for further publications of the series.
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CORREIA, FABRICE. „ON THE LOGIC OF FACTUAL EQUIVALENCE“. Review of Symbolic Logic 9, Nr. 1 (07.08.2015): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020315000258.
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AbstractSay that two sentences are factually equivalent when they describe the same facts or situations, understood as worldly items, i.e. as bits of reality rather than as representations of reality. The notion of factual equivalence is certainly of central interest to philosophical semantics, but it plays a role in a much wider range of philosophical areas. What is the logic of factual equivalence? This paper attempts to give a partial answer to this question, by providing an answer the following, more specific question: Given a standard propositional language with negation, conjunction and disjunction as primitive operators, which sentences of the language should be taken to be factually equivalent by virtue of their logical form? The system for factual equivalence advocated in this paper is a proper fragment of the first-degree system for the logic of analytic equivalence put forward in the late seventies by R. B. Angell. I provide the system with two semantics, both formulated in terms of the notion of a situation’s being fittingly described by a linguistic item. In the final part of the paper I argue, contra a view I defended in my “Grounding and Truth-Functions” (2010), that the logic for factual equivalence I advocate here should be preferred to Angell’s logic if one wishes to follow the general conception of the relationships between factual equivalence and the notion of grounding put forward in the 2010 paper.
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Salguero-Lamillar, Francisco J. „Cognition and metaphor as bases for the Principle of translatability and the Principle of synonymy“. Insights in Translation for Specific Purposes 2, Nr. 1 (13.06.2016): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.2.1.07sal.
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The problem of equivalence in translation is sometimes falsely related to the translation of lexical meanings. In this paper we take the problem to the field of mapping cognitive functions among mental categories and their representations as concepts. This requires engaging all lexical and grammatical resources of the linguistic system and not solely considering vocabulary as the source of knowledge and information found in texts, be they oral or written. Thus, the problem of equivalence is solved by accepting the basic principles of translatability and synonymy, defined in terms of those mental contents that are behind the interpretation of complex linguistic expressions.
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Jaskot, Maciej Paweł. „Equivalent Culture-Anchored Units Translation? The Phraseological Units Issue“. Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, Nr. 16 (31.12.2016): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2016.006.
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Equivalent Culture-Anchored Units Translation? The Phraseological Units IssueThis article examines a question that has been of long-standing interest to linguists working in the fields of cross-linguistic phraseology and the translation of idiosyncratic language units, such as phraseological units (PUs). The challenge of translating PUs, which are understood as "patterns sanctioned by a given culture", involves the translation of culturemes. Therefore, a good translator must be able to assess the importance of the elements containing cultural references in the source language while "moving" them to the target language. When translating PUs, it is desirable that interlingual (cross-linguistic) equivalence be achieved. The fact that translations of a PU can be very different (the translator can paraphrase the text, creatively change it, or simply eliminate the PU) implies that the translational equivalence of PUs must be functional. While a cross-linguistic comparison (and the achievement of translational equivalence) of PUs can be made by omitting the form parameter, it is desirable to preserve the extension and semantic structure, the connotative-pragmatic component, and the phrase combinatorics. Ekwiwalencja jedostek "kulturowo zakotwiczonych"? Kwestia jednostek frazeologicznychArtykuł porusza zagadnienie, które od kilkudziesięciu lat cieszy się zainteresowaniem językoznawców zajmujących się konfrontacją językową frazeologii oraz tłumaczeniem idiosynkratycznych jednostek językowych, takich jak jednostki frazeologiczne (JF). Wyzwaniem podczas tłumaczenia JF, rozumianych jako "wzorce sankcjonowane przez daną kulturę", jawi się konieczność tłumaczenia kulturemów. Tłumacz zatem stoi w obliczu konieczności prawidłowej oceny danego elementu pod względem jego odniesień kulturowych w języku źródłowym podczas przekładania JF na język docelowy. Podczas tłumaczenia JF pożądane jest osiągnięcie międzyjęzykowej (cross-linguistic) ekwiwalencji. Fakt, że tłumaczenie JF może być wielorakie (tłumacz może parafrazować tekst, twórczo go zmienić lub po prostu wyeliminować JF), oznacza, że ekwiwalencja przekładu JF musi być funkcjonalna. Chociaż podczas międzyjęzykowego porównania (mającego na celu osiągnięcie translacyjnej równoważności) JF ich forma jest rzeczą drugorzędną, to wskazane jest, aby zachować ich rozszerzenie znaczeniowe i strukturę semantyczną, aspekt konotacyjno-pragmatyczny oraz łączliwość.
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Kim, Giyeon, Jamie DeCoster, Ami N. Bryant und Katy L. Ford. „Measurement Equivalence of the K6 Scale“. Assessment 23, Nr. 6 (28.07.2016): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191115599639.
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This study examined the measurement equivalence of the K6 across diverse racial/ethnic and linguistic groups in the U.S. differential item functioning analyses using item response theory were conducted among 44,846 U.S. adults drawn from the California Health Interview Survey. Results show that four items (“nervous,” “restless,” “depressed,” and “everything an effort”) varied significantly across races/ethnicities and four items (“nervous,” “hopeless,” “restless,” and “depressed”) varied significantly across languages. In additional effect size analyses designed to separate effects of race/ethnicity from language, the structure of the White English group was substantially different from both the Hispanic/Latino English group and Hispanic/Latino Spanish group, whereas the Hispanic/Latino Spanish group was not different from the Hispanic/Latino English group. The findings suggest that there was evident measurement nonequivalence in the K6 among racially/ethnically and linguistically diverse adults and that the observed nonequivalence in the K6 appears to be driven by language rather than race/ethnicity.
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Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta Sari. „Processes in Bahasa Indonesia Tourism Promotion Texts and Its Equivalence in English: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Study“. International Journal of English Linguistics 6, Nr. 4 (28.07.2016): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n4p227.
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Many researchers do research on processes in English but it is still limited research on Bahasa Indonesia and its equivalence in English. It is necessary to do research processes in Bahasa Indonesia since it has two different types of clauses: verbal clauses and nonverbal clauses. This paper tries to figure out the processes on Bahasa Indonesia, especially on Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English. The aims of the research are to describe the dominant of the processes found in the Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and to describe the verb used in each type of the processes and its equivalence in English. The research method employed in the research is descriptive method. The data collected are divided into major types of clauses: verbal clauses and nonverbal clauses. The data analyzed are the verbal clauses in Bahasa Indonesia since the verb as the main part of process then compared to its equivalence in English. The result of the research shows there are four types of processes found in both Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence: material, relational, mental, and existential processes. The dominant process found is material processes 51.7%, followed by relational processes 21.9%, mental process 18.5%, and existential process7.9%. The participants involved are: agent and goal (material process), carrier and attribute (relational process), experiencer and phenomenon (mental process), and existent (existential process). The verbs used in material process in Bahasa Indonesia are tenggelam, berkunjung mencari, dipadu, akan menemani, menyajikan, menjanjikan memberikan, menyimpan, menyuguhkan, memanjakan, berlabuh, menutup, melancong, membentuk, memberi, dapat membeli, memecah, dapat memesan, menyediakan, terabaikan, dapat ditempuh, dikirimkan, dilakukan, digunakan while its equivalence in English are set, visit to look for, were combined, will accompany, serve, promise to give, put, serve, spoil, anchor, can close, visit, shape, give, can buy, break, can order, serve, was ignored, can be through, were sent, can be done, is used. The relational process in Bahasa Indonesia are adalah, berasal dari, memiliki, mempunyai, mengandung, bisa menjadi, tampak, menyerupai, merupakan, berada, terletak, berlokasi and its equivalence in English are is, comes from, have, contain, can become, seem, like, become, is, is located. The mental process in Bahasa Indonesia are dapat menikmati, terpukau, melihat, terdengar and its equivalence in English are can enjoy, will be mesmerized, can see, heard. The existential processes in Bahasa Indonesia are ada, terdapat, tersedia, and its equivalence in English is be.
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Lisauskaitė, Agnė. „The Equivalents of the Verbs of Activity in the Spanish Translation of “Metai” (“The Seasons”) by Kristijonas Donelaitis“. Verbum 10 (20.12.2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.8.
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The equivalence of translation has become a concern for many Lithuanian researchers. The term equivalence is described in the monograph “Contrastive Semantics” (2007) by AloyzasGudavičius. LionginasPažūsis (2014) discusses problems that arise from the lack of equivalence at word level. There are many articles on approaches or strategies of equivalence (D. Masaitienė 1996; A. Leonavičienė 2010; L. Černiuvienė 2013). Some scholars choose to examine the strategies applied in the translation of some linguistic items in novels (V. Končius& A. Nausėda 2006; C. Caro Dugo 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016; A. Cerri; I. Janavičienė 2016). However, there is a lack of research that analyses the Spanish translation of the poem “Metai” or a particular linguistic aspect of this Spanish text. Recent years saw several attempts to fill this gap(C. Caro Dugo 2014, 2015, 2016; A. Cerri 2015). The current research aims to examine the equivalents of the verbs of activity (VAs) in the Spanish translation of the poem. The paper focuses only on those VAs that express actions performed by persons. The VAs which denote actions performed by other living beings or forces of nature were excluded. The research covers 52 verses with verbs of activity, selected from the poem, and their equivalents in the translation into Spanish, which are subjected to qualitative content analysis and means ofcomparative methodology. 52 constructions that express the concepts of Work, Damaging, Speakon topic, Motion, Ingestion and Entertainment were selected applying the qualitative content analysis. The Spanish equivalents of these constructions are examined through the comparative methodology. The obtained results indicated that the translator is faithful to the original text. In order to preserve the expressiveness of the poem, the Spanish translation uses an abundance of verbal lexemes. It was noticed that the equivalents of the same meaning or verbs with a more general meaning specified by an additional lexeme or construction were the main strategies adopted in VA translation into Spanish. In one case only was a Lithuanian verb changed into a Spanish noun. Idioms and figurative words were also chosen as a VA translation strategy in several instances. Nonetheless, all of these lexemes, as derivative of verbs or verbal forms, preserve the verbal nature.This workshould be useful tothe semanticists and translators.
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HSIEH, YUFEN. „Structural priming during sentence comprehension in Chinese–English bilinguals“. Applied Psycholinguistics 38, Nr. 3 (21.11.2016): 657–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716416000382.
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ABSTRACTCross-linguistic priming in comprehension is understudied, and it remains unclear whether bilinguals have shared abstract syntactic representations during sentence comprehension. This article reports a self-paced reading experiment investigating the influence of Chinese passive relative clauses on the interpretation of English sentences that are temporarily ambiguous between an active main clause and a passive reduced relative (dispreferred) structure. The results showed that reading Chinese passive relative primes reduced processing difficulty in English targets at the dispreferred disambiguation. Chinese-to-English priming in comprehension occurred without lexical and word-order equivalence between primes and targets. In addition, translation-equivalent verbs did not boost cross-linguistic structural priming. The findings support an account under which bilingual sentence processing involves abstract, unordered syntactic representations that are integrated between languages.
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Carr, Deborah, und David Felce. „Application of stimulus equivalence to language intervention for individuals with severe linguistic disabilities“. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 25, Nr. 3 (Januar 2000): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13269780050144262.
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Kawecka, Agata, und Rafał Zarębski. „Linguistic Equivalence of the Hebrew Term Eden in Slavic Translations of the Bible“. Studia Ceranea 6 (30.12.2016): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.06.03.
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The authors study different equivalents of the Hebrew word Eden in selected old and new Slavic translations of the Bible. The equivalents of this lexeme have been excerpted from several Slavic translations of the Bible, which were selected on the basis of diverse criteria. The translations are presented chronologically and old translations are opposed to the new ones. They represent three groups of Slavic languages: West Slavic, East Slavic and South Slavic and are connected with the base of translation, i.e. the original text and/or Greek or Latin text. They can also be classified according to religious denomination and the strategy of the translation.The observation of those equivalents enables us to see not only their variety and mutual influence among translations but also the struggle of Slavic translators with a very difficult language matter. Many factors were important in that struggle: genetic and structural distances between Semitic and Slavic languages, different perceptions of reality in distant cultures, the discrepancy between biblical and Slavonic realities and the influence of religious denomination. Another important factor was the state of biblical knowledge at the time – incomparably poorer in the case of the oldest Slavic translations in comparison to modern ones.
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Katarzyniak, Radosław, und Dominik Więcek. „A Note on Nonemptiness of Cognitive Semantics for Linguistic Representations of Modal Equivalence“. Computational Methods in Science and Technology 24, Nr. 4 (2018): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12921/cmst.2018.0000045.
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Harahap, Nova Jayanti. „ANALISIS STRATEGI PENERJEMAHAN PADA FILM ‘GOOD WILL HUNTING’ KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA“. ECOBISMA (JURNAL EKONOMI, BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN) 2, Nr. 2 (22.10.2019): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/ecobi.v2i2.714.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji strategi penerjemahan pada terjemahan subtitle bahasa Indonesia dalam film ‘Good Will Hunting’. Masalah penelitian ini adalah Strategi penerjemahan apa yang paling sering digunakan dalam hasil penerjemahan subtitle Inggris – Indonesia dalam film ‘Good Will Hunting?’ dan Bagaimana keakuratan Strategi Borrowing diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia?. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah subtitle film “Good Will Hunting”. Strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikemukakan oleh Molina & Albir (2002). Metode riset yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah subtitle film Good Will Hunting. Data adalah 103 dalam teks subtitle yang terdiri 25 temuan (100%) dan terjemahannya ke dalam BSa, pada BSu ditemukan 3 (12%) Amplifikasi (Penambahan), 13 (52%) Peminjaman (Borrowing), 6 (24%) Deskripsi (Description), 2 (8%) Padanan Lazim (Established Equivalence), 1 (4%) Penerjemahan Harfiah (Literal Translation). Tiga belas strategi terjemahan tidak ditemukan dalam analisis terjemahan subtitle film yang terdiri dari Adaptasi (adaptation), Kalke (calque), Kompensasi (compensation), Kreasi diskursif (discursive creation), Generalisasi (generalization), Amplifikasi linguistik (linguistic amplification), Kompresi linguistik (linguistic compression), Modulasi (modulation), Partikularisasi (particularizaton), Reduksi (reduction), Subsitusi (subsitution), Transposisi (transposition), Variasi (Variation)
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Dror, Yehudit. „Types of Syntactic Equivalence in the Qurʼānic Translations“. Hikma 19, Nr. 2 (15.12.2020): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v19i2.12288.
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AbstractThe fundamental premise here is that linguistic equivalence at the microstructural level is not usually expected because languages are linguistically and semantically incongruous. Though this premise is basically correct the starting point of this article is that syntactic equivalence is possible and the translation process can involve a matching at the syntactic level even when some components or structures seems untranslatable. However, certain additional factors might affect the translator's choice. This article shows that the choices made by the Qurʼān's translators can usually be justified. On the other hand some inaccuracies arise from insufficient syntactic knowledge or sometimes the translator retains minimal similarity to the SL for no apparent reason. This may lead to misinterpretation of the intended meaning of the SL.
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Dhyaningrum, Ambhita. „Linguistic Deviation and Techniques of Translation in Spring of Kumari Tears“. Journal of Language and Literature 20, Nr. 2 (05.10.2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v20i2.2651.
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<em>A linguistic deviation occurs when a writer chooses not to abide the rules of a standard language. It is one of the ways to achieve artistic merit. Through linguistic deviation, a writer can communicate unique experiences that cannot be effectively communicated by means of normal communicative resources. It is also a linguistic phenomenon that has an important psychological effect on readers. This article aimed at analyzing the linguistic deviation in Mata Air Air Mata Kumari and the techniques of translation in its English version, Spring of Kumari Tears. The three most used types of linguistic deviation found are semantic deviation (55.77 %), graphological deviation (20.19 %), and grammatical deviation (11.54 %). The rest are phonological and lexical deviation in a small percentage. Meanwhile, the three most used translation techniques are reduction (28.85 %), linguistic compression (23.07 %), and discursive creation (10.58 %). The rest are modulation, amplification, transposition, established equivalent, borrowing, and deletion. The findings indicated that the author mostly used semantic, graphological, and grammatical deviation to create unexpected surprises and make a strong impression to the readers as the means to attain the artistic merit. However, the artistic merit is simplified by the use of the translation techniques which compress the linguistic elements, reduce the message of the original text, and create temporary equivalence that is out of context. As a result, the translated version tends to be more concise and succinct.</em>
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Bancila, Delia, und Maurice B. Mittelmark. „Measuring Interpersonal Stress with the Bergen Social Relationships Scale“. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 25, Nr. 4 (Januar 2009): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.4.260.
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This study assessed the equivalence of the Bergen Social Relationships Scale (BSRS) across three countries. The six-item BSRS was developed to measure interpersonal stress in close relationships and is grounded in Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory. In this context, interpersonal stress refers to perceived troubled relationships with significant others who cause stress even when they do not mean to (e.g., inept social support attempts, criticism, demands that are too high). Interpersonal stress is of considerable concern because community-based research indicates that levels of anxiety, depressive symptomatology, and loneliness are significantly associated with levels of interpersonal stress. Structural equation models were used to assess the equivalence of the BSRS linguistic versions used in community-based samples in Norway (n = 328), Romania (n = 581), and Russia (n = 665). Results indicate that the BSRS has satisfactory internal consistency and that the factor structure is invariant across all three linguistic adaptations. This study provides evidence that the BSRS is equivalent across countries and suitable for the assessment of interpersonal stress, both to compare population levels of interpersonal stress and to explore structural relationships with other constructs in analytical models of psychological debilitation. The BSRS is brief enough for use in survey research applications.
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Judan-Ruiz, Estrellita A., Rame John L. Mina und John Rey B. Macindo. „Psychometric Properties of the Filipino Version of Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS): A Cross-Cultural Validation Study“. Journal of Patient Experience 7, Nr. 6 (03.04.2020): 1526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373520912083.
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Albeit the importance of patient experience, most questionnaires are only available in English. To understand the hospital experience of Filipino patients, a psychometrically sound instrument in Filipino is warranted. This study culturally adapted and validated the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) into Filipino. A 5-step cross-cultural validation process was conducted. Forward translation, back-translation, and panel reconciliation involved 7 language experts. Pretesting included content validation and pretesting of the Filipino HCAHPS, while field testing involved 64 purposively selected hospitalized patients who completed a 4-part survey from July to December 2018. Content, linguistic, and conceptual equivalence and internal consistency were statistically appraised. Content validation yielded a scale content validity index/average of 1.00. Comparative analysis and Bland-Altman plots indicated good linguistic equivalence. All correlation coefficients were ≥.30, denoting good conceptual equivalence. Cronbach’s α for both versions of HCAHPS were ≥0.80, suggestive of good internal consistency. The Filipino HCAHPS is a psychometrically sound and culturally appropriate tool to measure patient experience among Filipinos. This understanding can be utilized for quality improvements on both practice and policy levels.
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Davidson, Graham R., Kate E. Murray und Robert D. Schweitzer. „Review of Refugee Mental Health Assessment: Best Practices and Recommendations“. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, Nr. 1 (01.05.2010): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.72.
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AbstractThis article focuses on mental health assessment of refugees in clinical, educational and administrative-legal settings in order to synthesise research and practice designed to enhance and promote further development of culturally appropriate clinical assessment services during the refugee resettlement process. It specifically surveys research published over the last 25 years into the development, reliability measurement and validity testing of assessment instruments, which have been used with children, adolescents and adults from refugee backgrounds, prior to or following their arrival in a resettlement country, to determine whether the instruments meet established crosscultural standards of conceptual, functional, linguistic, technical and normative equivalence. The findings suggest that, although attempts have been made to develop internally reliable, appropriately normed tests for use with refugees from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, matters of conceptual and linguistic equivalence and test–retest reliability are often overlooked. Implications of these oversights for underreporting refugees' mental health needs are considered. Efforts should also be directed towards development of culturally comparable, valid and reliable measures of refugee children's mental health and of refugee children's and adults' psychoeducational, neuropsychological and applied memory capabilities.
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Lubis, Syahron. „The Equivalence and Nonequivalence of Proverbs Across Cultures (Indonesian and English)“. International Journal of English Linguistics 8, Nr. 4 (25.04.2018): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n4p253.
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The aim of the present study is to examine whether or not proverbs, culturally-related medium of communication, are equivalent across cultures. The proverbs compared are derived from Indonesian and English cultures, as two distinct cultures. Fifteen Indonesian proverbs and fifteen English proverbs have been compared to find out whether or not they are equivalent in terms of meaning, linguistic structure and culture. The proverbs are collected from a list of well-known Indonesian and English proverbs. Since almost the thirty proverbs are expressed in metaphorical meaning and since Indonesian is still foreign to many international readers the literal meaning of lexical items found in the proverbs have been glossed in brackets followed by the explanation of the metaphorical meaning of the thirty proverbs. Ten Indonesian proverbs are found to be equivalent in terms of meaning to ten English proverbs. In terms of linguistic structure they are almost equivalent that is they are expressed mostly in the form of sentence. But they are different in the use of lexical items that constitute the proverbs. Five Indonesian proverbs are found to be nonequivalent to five of English in terms of meaning and the lexical items used to build the metaphor. Thus it is found out that fifteen Indonesian proverbs are equivalent to fifteen English proverbs and five Indonesian proverbs are found to be nonequivalent to five English proverbs.
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He, Yong-Mei. „Deconstruction of Traditional “Equivalence” in the Translation of Chinese Classics“. Business Prospects 2, Nr. 1 (01.06.2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52288/bp.27089851.2021.06.13.
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Most traditional translation theories advocated that translation should strive to achieve “equivalence” between the target text and the original text. Deconstructive translation theory points out that the purpose of translation is not to seek common ground, but to preserve differences. Therefore, translation should try to reflect the differences between languages. This paper is intended to combine deconstruction theory of translation with linguistic theory in the translation of Chinese Classics. It analyzes the problems in the traditional translation theory in the translation of Chinese Classics from the perspective of seeking “equivalence” and tries to give some possible solution to the problems.