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Yang, Qingxin, Jianjun Ma, Lei Feng, and Xin Liu. "Would Longer Sentences Lead to More Faithful Translation? Effects of Linguistic Features on Metafunctional Translation Equivalence in Chinese Classics." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 15, no. 2 (2025): 516–26. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1502.22.
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Systemic functional linguistics offers translation studies with a metafunctional view, but research on metafunctional translation equivalence remains limited. This study quantifies translation equivalence through a metafunctional framework, focusing on the impact of linguistic features on the translation of Chinese classics. Using the metafunctional equivalent-shift cline as a tool for measurement, this study examines how sentence length, antithesis, and subject ellipsis impact translation equivalence, based on the Bairenbaiyi corpus. The results reveal that translations generally maintain equivalence across the three metafunctions—ideational, interpersonal, and textual—with interpersonal function exhibiting the highest degree of equivalence. Longer sentences correlate with stronger equivalence, while antithesis and subject ellipsis negatively affect equivalence. These findings underscore the critical role of linguistic features of the source text for achieving translation equivalence, supporting Matthiessen's assertion that translation involves decision-making that requires compromises across the metafunctional spectrum.
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McElhanon, Kenneth A. "From Word to Scenario: The Influence of Linguistic Theories upon Models of Translation." Journal of Translation 1, no. 3 (2005): 29–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54395/jot-mm6ek.
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In the late twentieth century any given model of translation was constrained by the code model of communication and by the theory of linguistics upon which it was based. Whereas the code model supplied the notion of equivalence as the standard by which a translation was evaluated, the linguistic theory supplied what was regarded as the minimal unit of translation. Accordingly, as linguistic theories were formulated to account for increasingly larger units of text, translation models were redesigned so that the notion of equivalence mirrored the size of these linguistic units. Ultimately, the notion of equivalence became so broad that attempts to achieve it were regarded as illusionary. The result was a Kuhnian revolution of sorts, with two claimants: relevance theory and cognitive linguistics. The remainder of the paper highlights how recent insights of cognitive linguistics are important in the translation praxis.
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Omelyanenko, T. N. "Linguistic equivalence with intercultural interaction." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 4-5 (2014): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67491.
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The article discusses the need to consider cultural factors in the teaching and translation of foreign language to achieve linguistic equivalence when intercultural communication. Verbal and nonverbal ways of emotions expression in English and Russian languages are considered, because emotions are the most common factor in success of intercultural communication.
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Wai-yee, Emily Poon. "The pitfalls of linguistic equivalence." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 14, no. 1 (2002): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.14.1.04poo.
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This paper discusses the problems of legislative translation in Hong Kong through the study of the rules adopted by the Department of Justice to select equivalent lexical terms and from the examination of the sentence structure and legislative expressions in pre-modern and modern ordinances. While literal translation can be effective in achieving “equal intent” on comparison with the original text, this paper will examine supplementary approaches in an attempt to address the problems and contradictions previously experienced in legislative translation and to increase the effectiveness of the translated text.
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Dwianasari, Anita. "TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROMISING AND OFFERING UTTERANCES IN FORREST GUMP MOVIE." Journal of Language and Literature 6, no. 1 (2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2018.v6i1.2479.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze the promising and offering utterances in commissive of speech act, translation techniques and its equivalences in Forrest Gump movie subtitles. The method used is qualitative method. The results showed several techniques employed, such as adaptation, borrowing, established equivalent, linguistic compression, literal translation, modulation, particularization, reduction, transposition, and variation. The translation technique mostly used is established equivalence. For the shift rendering in source text and target text in Forrest Gump movie subtitles, it is concluded that mostly the data do not occur any shift in promising or offering utterances. Also, in terms of translation equivalence, the dominant kind of translation equivalence in this research is dynamic equivalence.
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Hay, Authoul Abdul, and Fatima AbuRass. "A Comparative Study of the French Pronoun On and Its Equivalents in Jordanian Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 15, no. 3 (2025): 960–68. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1503.31.
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This study examines the French pronoun on and its functional equivalents in Jordanian Arabic, exploring linguistic strategies used to achieve equivalence. The pronoun on conveys versatile meanings, including generic, indefinite, and universal agency, often expressing collective or unspecified action. Jordanian Arabic, lacking a direct equivalent, relies on alternative strategies such as reflexive verbs, passive forms, and explicit or indefinite subjects like إحنا /iḥna/ (we), الناس /al-nās/ (people) and الواحد /al-wāḥed/ (one). A bilingual corpus of 200 French sentences with on and their 400 Jordanian Arabic equivalents is analyzed to categorize syntactic structures and pragmatic functions. Findings reveal distinct preferences in Jordanian Arabic: explicit plural subjects with verbs (35%) for inclusivity, first-person plural affix marking with non-reflexive verbs (25%) for generic actions, reflexive affix marking (15%) for reflexive actions, passive constructions (10%) for indefinite agency, and singular subjects (15%) for collective and abstract meanings. These differences reflect a semantic shift where French emphasizes agency, while Jordanian Arabic prioritizes outcomes. The study also highlights the pragmatic functions of on in French—deictic, anaphoric, and presentative—and Jordanian Arabic’s use of explicit markers, verb conjugations, and indefinite expressions to achieve equivalence. By addressing these cross-linguistic differences, this research advances translation studies, second-language acquisition, and contrastive linguistics, providing practical insights for educators, translators, and researchers. It underscores the influence of linguistic and cultural norms on strategies for expressing abstract and indeterminate meanings.
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Порожнюк, А. Л. "SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE IN TERMINOLOGY (LINGUISTIC TERMS)." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana 1, no. 24 (2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2017.24.131373.
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Warren-Rothlin, Andy. "Linguistic Equivalence in Muslim-Idiom Translation." Bible Translator 74, no. 3 (2023): 350–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20516770231223983.
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Muslim-idiom translations use a range of strategies to properly contextualise biblical messages and to engage their audience. Most of these are not new or unusual. The rendering of divine titles may be subject to various different kinds of legitimate equivalence, as well as semantic and social constraints, and these issues are part of biblical history. Similarly, euphemisms, fundamental to human interaction, have always been a part of biblical textual history and cannot be banned from modern translations. And the formulaic key expressions of Islam, closely paralleling those of the Bible, contribute valuably to the literary stock which can be used to achieve engagement. Concerns about these issues are ultimately a matter of trust in translators’ loyalty to the biblical source text.
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Almujaiwel, Sultan. "Explaining the complexities of cross-linguistic features using comparable Arabic and English corpora." Corpora 13, no. 2 (2018): 135–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2018.0142.
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The aim of this paper was to conduct a critical inquiry into the status of equivalence in a given context in a bilingual lexicographical work and English–Arabic comparable corpora. This was intended to show the degree of accuracy which old-fashioned approaches and comparable corpora-based ones achieve. The investigation that was launched to demonstrate the degree of accuracy is based on the case of the entries questionnaire and survey, and their Arabic equivalents, al-ʾistiftāʾ and al-ʾistibyān. As these entries and equivalents have been given interchangeable senses in the lexicographical work, the comparable corpora have given evidence of clear-cut distinctions between them. The comparable English–Arabic corpora used in the case study is the Bank of English (WordbanksOnline) and the following three Arabic corpora: Arabic Internet Corpus, Arabic Wikipedia and arabiCorpus. The large-scale comparable English–Arabic corpora-based approach to the intended entries and equivalents has shown the importance of such a method. In spite of comparability between English and Arabic still being underdeveloped, the use of comparable corpora in this paper was identified by adopting the following criteria: sampling frame, genres, proportions and years of natural texts. Each entry with each equivalent were examined in their expanded concordance lines, with a span of about ten n-grams, in order to sketch their contextual senses. This has helped to criticise the contextually inappropriate equivalence of the intended entries. Such an analysis has implied that sketching contexts conveyed by large-scale source and target corpora can help to enhance the reliability of equivalence divisions.
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Hrushko, Svitlana. "MODELS OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE IN MACHINE TRANSLATION: PRAGMATIC ASPECT." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 30 (2020): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-4.
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The purpose of the article is to study problems of translation equivalence in machine translation, which is based on a sequence of invariable actions (algorithms) with a text to identify linguistic equivalents in a pair of languages at a given direction of translation by means of a computer, in respect of the pragmatic aspect. Translation equivalence is understood as a specific type of equivalence, which is fundamentally different from other types, since it does not correlate with the phenomena that have a special place in the structure of a language, but the phenomena that currently exist in a language correlation or are equivalent to the text content. The translation is formalized, but allows getting an idea of the text content at the introductory level, since it is not an accurate, adequate translation, but performs the function of rendering basic information. Machine translation is not able to render nuances of an original text, not only at the lexical level. When translating, it is necessary to take peculiarities of syntax and semantics into account. Adequate computer translation is almost impossible in this case. This fact is recognized by all scholars who study possibilities of this type of translation only when rendering main content of a document without taking language nuances and features into account. Machine translation can be carried out on a basis of the translation equivalence (objective and dynamic) model. The model in terms of linguistic technology provides an optimal solution of problems of independent linguistic description and algorithm. The system of translation equivalence, which can be implemented within the model of translation equivalence, allows providing sufficient quality of machine translation at the pre-editing stage. When creating a machine translation program, in addition to solving linguistic problems, a program of their implementation is also necessary, since a translation program is a tool for studying and finding information in a foreign language, and the prospects of a machine translation are related to the further development of translation theory and practice in general.
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Shaniyazovna, Mullabaeva Lola. "EQUIVALENCE OF RUSSIAN AND UZBEK PROVERBS AND SAYINGS." Current Research Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 4 (2024): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-04-09.
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In this article, as part of the comparative study of proverbs, their linguistic and cultural aspects are widely covered. Thus, an attempt was made to show the similarities and differences of proverbs in the languages we are studying, the specific culture and specific mentality of the peoples who speak this language. In the analysis of the linguistic and cultural aspects of Uzbek and English proverbs, an attempt was made to describe the relationship between language and culture, to consider the thematically similar aspects of Uzbek and English proverbs, and to take a deeper approach to issues such as mentality, expressions of national character.
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Esti Ekarini Rahayu, Ni Wayan, I. Nyoman Sedeng, and Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati. "The Syntactic Strategies and Equivalence of English Non Finite Verbs Which Translated into Indonesian with Reference to National Geographic Magazine." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 27, no. 1 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i01.p05.
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In dealing with problems while translating, translators need to apply translation strategies. It involves finding equivalents which are similar in meaning. The aims of this study are investigating and analyzing the syntactic strategies and equivalents of English non finite verbs which are translated into Indonesian.
 This study employed descriptive qualitative method. The data are 130 complex sentences taken from two feature articles in National Geographic Magazines pulished in English and Indonesian on December 2018. The result of study shows that the syntactic strategies found are loan calque, transposition, phrase structure change, clause structure change, unit shift. and sentence structure change. In addition, formal equivalences are mostly found in translation, in comparison with the dynamic equivalences. It can be concluded that the syntactic strategy is applied by the translators to get natural translated text in TL by selecting linguistic equivalences without changing the meaning. The formal equivalence is used when translators maintain the message by focusing on form and content. While dynamic equivalence is applied when the translator does not maintain the form and content but focus more on sense of translation by using natural equivalence which is closest in meaning and shows similar concept in TL.
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Rahardi, Kunjana. "Linguistic Impoliteness in The Sociopragmatic Perspective." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 3 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.24954.
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The discrepancy of the study of linguistic politeness and impoliteness phenonema has been pronounced in the pragmatic study. However, up to this day the study of linguistic impoliteness, particularly based on culture-specific backgrounds has not been done. This research discusses the pragmatic manifestations of linguistic impoliteness. Through this research, a detailed description of how the manifestations and intentions of the linguistic impoliteness markers would be obtained. The data was gathered by using listening and speaking methods in linguistics. The data gathered through the basic and advanced listening and speaking methods was analyzed by using the equivalence method, particularly the extra-lingual equivalence. The research results showed that the pragmatic impoliteness was classified into five categories, namely (1) face-aggravating, (2) face-loss, (3) face-playing, (4) face-threatening, (5) deliberate ignorance. Each category of the linguistic impoliteness was described in details in its impoliteness subcategories, each was determined by its pragmatic meanings and intentions.
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Rahardi, Kunjana. "Linguistic Impoliteness in The Sociopragmatic Perspective." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 3 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v29i3.24954.
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The discrepancy of the study of linguistic politeness and impoliteness phenonema has been pronounced in the pragmatic study. However, up to this day the study of linguistic impoliteness, particularly based on culture-specific backgrounds has not been done. This research discusses the pragmatic manifestations of linguistic impoliteness. Through this research, a detailed description of how the manifestations and intentions of the linguistic impoliteness markers would be obtained. The data was gathered by using listening and speaking methods in linguistics. The data gathered through the basic and advanced listening and speaking methods was analyzed by using the equivalence method, particularly the extra-lingual equivalence. The research results showed that the pragmatic impoliteness was classified into five categories, namely (1) face-aggravating, (2) face-loss, (3) face-playing, (4) face-threatening, (5) deliberate ignorance. Each category of the linguistic impoliteness was described in details in its impoliteness subcategories, each was determined by its pragmatic meanings and intentions.
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Pym, Anthony. "Natural and directional equivalence in theories of translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 19, no. 2 (2007): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.19.2.07pym.
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Equivalence was a key word in the linguistics-based translation theories of the 1960s and 1970s, although its basic mode of thought may be traced back to Cicero and later to the Renaissance theories that began to presuppose languages of equal status. Close inspection reveals that some theories assume pre-existing equivalents and are thus concerned with a search for “natural” equivalence. Other theories allow that translators actively create equivalents, and are thus concerned with “directional” equivalence. The first kind of equivalence is concerned with what languages ideally do prior to translation; the other deals with what they can do. These two approaches are often intertwined, giving rise to many misunderstandings and unfair criticisms of the underlying concept. The historical undoing of the equivalence paradigm came when the directional use of the term allowed that equivalence need be no more a belief or expectation at the moment of reception, which need not be substantiated on the level of linguistic forms. At the same time, source texts became less stable and languages have been returning to more visibly hierarchical relations, further undermining the concept. Contemporary localization projects may nevertheless fruitfully be interrogated from the perspective of natural and directional equivalence, since the presumptions are being used by contemporary technology precisely at the moment when the terms themselves have been dropped from critical and exploratory metalanguage.
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Sergeyevna, Yusupova Mahliyo. "Overcoming Linguistic Challenges in Translation: Strategies for Success." American Journal of Philological Sciences 05, no. 04 (2025): 60–62. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume05issue04-16.
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Translation is not a simple act of replacing words from one language with their equivalents in another; it is a complex process that involves navigating linguistic, cultural, and contextual nuances. Translators regularly face challenges such as untranslatable words, idiomatic expressions, syntactic differences, and cultural references. This article explores key linguistic challenges in translation and presents a range of practical strategies for overcoming them. Drawing from linguistic theory and professional practice, the paper highlights the importance of equivalence, adaptation, and translator creativity in producing accurate, fluent, and culturally appropriate translations.
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SIPKA, D. M. "EQUIVALENCE AND LEXICAL ANISOMORPHISM IN BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 1, 2024 (February 17, 2024): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2024-47-01-5.
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The present paper addresses types of lexical anisomorphism and its treatment in bilingual dictionaries. The most difficult problem in coordinating the source language lexical units with those of the target language is linguistic anisomorphism. Full equivalence is a rare occurrence, found as a rule in terminologies. A vast majority of other cases includes lexical anisomorphism, which requires lexicographic treatment. One should differentiate between lexicological and lexicographic anisomorphism. The former type is much broader and it fully encompasses the latter type. Lexicological anisomorphism is found in the cases where equivalents exhibit differences of any kind. Lexicographic anisomorphism involves only those cases where the difference is relevant in lexicographic treatment. If we exclude rare cases of full equivalence, which do not constitute a problem in lexicographic treatment, the simplest way to classify lexical anisomorphism is to count the number of equivalents in the target language. If no equivalents exist, that is zero equivalence. The second type is multiple equivalence, where the target language has two or more equivalents. Finally, the third type is partial equivalence, where there is one equivalent in the target language, but there are some relevant differences between it and the source language headword. Multiple equivalence can include zero and partial equivalence. There are also cases of pure multiple equivalence. The following types of multiple equivalence based on partial equivalence can be differentiated: connotation, application, organization, syntagmatic, frequency, network, and image. There is a direct connection between the three main types of lexical equivalence and their lexicographic treatment. Zero equivalence should be explained, multiple equivalents should be separated, and with partial equivalents, one should alert the user to the difference. There is no such direct link between subtypes of multiple equivalence and their treatment. However, there are some tendencies: exemplification is common with operators, cotextualization is common in the treatment of application splits, and contextualization is common in the treatment of connotation splits.
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Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya, and I. Made Rajeg. "A corpus linguistic study of constructional equivalence for the Indonesian translation of ROB and STEAL based on the OpenSubtitles Parallel Corpus." PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education 12, no. 2 (2022): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/parole.v12i2.177-197.
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Catford’s (1965) classic idea in translation theory indicates the measurability of translation equivalence. Following up on this idea, this paper offers a case study to measure the translation equivalence of English verbal near-synonyms ROB and STEAL (R&S), especially the equivalence at the constructional level. Adopting a quantitative corpus linguistic method and the Construction Grammar approach, we analyse random usage samples of R&S from English-Indonesian parallel corpus for the degree of constructional equivalence along two dimensions: (i) the profiled participant roles and (ii) the grammatical construction types of these verbs. We discover that the Indonesian translations maintain a high degree of equivalences along these dimensions, albeit with few variations. This suggests that the translators attempt to be as faithful as possible to the source texts. Furthermore, our study reveals the translation norms/typicality in how the constructional profiles of the near-synonyms R&S are translated into Indonesian. The paper generally seeks to demonstrate how such a central notion as equivalence in translation studies can be investigated using parallel corpora and the quantitative corpus linguistic method.
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Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya, and I. Made Rajeg. "A corpus linguistic study of constructional equivalence for the Indonesian translation of ROB and STEAL based on the OpenSubtitles Parallel Corpus." PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education 12, no. 2 (2022): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/parole.v12i2.28-48.
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Catford’s (1965) classic idea in translation theory indicates the measurability of translation equivalence. Following up on this idea, this paper offers a case study to measure the translation equivalence of English verbal near-synonyms ROB and STEAL (R&S), especially the equivalence at the constructional level. Adopting a quantitative corpus linguistic method and the Construction Grammar approach, we analyse random usage samples of R&S from English-Indonesian parallel corpus for the degree of constructional equivalence along two dimensions: (i) the profiled participant roles and (ii) the grammatical construction types of these verbs. We discover that the Indonesian translations maintain a high degree of equivalences along these dimensions, albeit with few variations. This suggests that the translators attempt to be as faithful as possible to the source texts. Furthermore, our study reveals the translation norms/typicality in how the constructional profiles of the near-synonyms R&S are translated into Indonesian. The paper generally seeks to demonstrate how such a central notion as equivalence in translation studies can be investigated using parallel corpora and the quantitative corpus linguistic method.
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Faradila, Finanda Nur, Ismatul Khasanah, and Esti Junining. "Teknik Terjemahan Sebagai Padanan Makna Tindak Tutur Tidak Langsung Literal Dalam Novel Another Karya Ayatsuji Yukito." Humanis 26, no. 1 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2022.v26.i01.p06.
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This research is discussing the usage translation techniques with the purpose of understanding how match a meaning of an utterance, specifically indirect-literal utterance in a novel Another by Ayatsuji Yukito with Molina and Albir (2002) translation technique theory, supported by Baker (2011) translation equivalent theory. This research is qualitative descriptive type that used transcription method for collecting data. Based on the analysis, it is found that 13 translation technique has been used, such as amplification, reduction, borrowing, calque, compensation, established equivalence, amplification linguistic, compression linguistic, literal translation, modulation, particularization, generalization and transposition. These techniques have some functions, such as to match different formats (transposition, calque, amplification linguistic, compression linguistic, modulation), to match specific culture differences (borrowing, amplification, established equivalence), to consider the naturalness of expression in speech (transposition, calque, amplification linguistic, compression linguistic, modulation, generalization, particularization). There are also techniques that are used without any matching consideration, the technique is called literal translation.particularization). There are also techniques that are used without any matching considerstion, the technique is called literal translation.
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Akpaca, Servais Martial. "Applying an Empirical Approach to the Search for Equivalents in Translating Administrative Terms Used in Civil Status Records." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 5, no. 1 (2024): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v5i1.391.
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Equivalence is a central concept in translation theory, but it is also a controversial one. According to Catford 1965; Nida and Taber 1969; Toury 1980; Pym 1992, 1995, 2004; and Koller 1995, translation is defined in terms of equivalence relations. While some authors develop a theoretical notion of equivalence, others have an empirical approach. Indeed, Toury (1980) identified an empirical use of the term: equivalence could be a descriptive term, denoting concrete objects in two languages and subject to direct observation. This paper adopts Toury’s conception of equivalence. It aims to discuss how equivalence is achieved in translation. To this end, administrative terms found in civil status records are used as examples to show how the search for equivalence is carried out in a real-life situation. Even though administrative divisions’ names may appear normal on birth certificates, death certificates, marriage certificates, etc., searching for their equivalents in translation may pose problems. One of the difficulties is that administrative divisions differ from country to country. Examples cited in this paper consist of administrative terms used in Benin, Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal. This research takes an empirical approach. Indeed, the search for equivalents in the target language (i.e. English or French) is based on real-life experience and observable data. The findings reveal that source language and target language items rarely have ‘the same meaning’ in the linguistic sense; but can function in the same situation. The contextual meaning of a term is more important in this discussion than the linguistic sense. Equivalence is not only a theoretical notion but also an empirical concept.
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Abdullaeva, Shokhida. "ADEQUACY AND EQUIVALENCE IN FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSLATION: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK." Current Research Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 11 (2024): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-11-08.
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This study explores the concept of equivalence in the translation of financial and economic texts between English and Uzbek. Equivalence is a central issue in translation theory, and its correct application is crucial for accurate and contextually relevanttranslation of economic information. The study examines various types and levels of equivalence, including formal, dynamic, pragmatic, contextual, and functional equivalence. It also investigates the challenges posed by non-equivalent lexical items and the role of the translator’s linguistic and cultural competence in finding appropriate solutions. The analysis of parallel texts reveals that full functional equivalence is achieved when financial terms have the same meaning and function in both languages, while partial and imperfect equivalence require additional clarification and interpretation. The study also compares source-oriented and target-oriented translation approaches, highlighting the importance of conveying the meaning and intent of the source text in a way that is natural and culturally appropriate for the target audience. The findings suggest that successful translation in the field of finance and economics depends on ensuring linguistic consistency, pragmatic accuracy, and compliance with international standards. The study emphasizes the need for translators to have specialized knowledge of the field and to develop a comprehensive understanding of equivalence issues to improve communication between experts in finance and economics.
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Vik-Tuovinen, Gun-Viol. "Progress in Simultaneous Interpreting - an Evaluation of the Development of four Students." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 8, no. 14 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v8i14.25095.
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This article describes an analysis of students’ simultaneous interpreting performance. The interpreting performance of four students was recorded in the beginning and at the end of their interpreting training. The performances were then analysed by using a modified version of a model of analysis presented by Kopczynski (1980 and 1981). Factors paid attention to in the analysis were equivalence, linguistic competence, linguistic performance and style. The analysis shows that equivalence improves during the period of training but does not achieve the level of equivalence of professional interpreters. In the area of linguistic competence, progress can be noticed as well, but in the area of linguistic performance the students only progress slightly.
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Kukić, Marko. "Contrastive analysis of word-formation processes of derivation and inflection in English and Serbian." Reci Beograd 14, no. 15 (2022): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/reci2215050k.
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Language as the primary means of communication has been developing for centuries. Each unit within a language, starting from sounds, words, phrases, and sentences, has been changed and harmonized with norms, reforms, and modern linguistic theories. Linguistic theories, which have been adopted and proposed, are part of the framework of language science. As the science of language dates back to ancient times, different terms were used for the mentioned field. Today, the science that delves into the research, influence, and shaping of a language is linguistics. This research aims to display the part of linguistics that deals with the study of word formation and its processes. The paper is based on a theoretical and practical presentation of the basic morphological processes of the English language, derivation and inflection. Special attention is paid to conversion and back-formation. Furthermore, the paper sheds light on the role of the morphological notions of root, stem, and base. Not only does the paper examine the morphological notions, but it also compares and contrasts the above-stated processes within English and Serbian languages relying on contrastive analysis. The main goal is to establish the degree of equivalence of word-formation processes between the two languages. The obtained results indicate that certain morphological processes of the two languages posess direct equivalents, but some do not share complete or direct equivalence.
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Lotfipour-Saedi, Kazem. "Discourse Analysis and the Problem of Translation Equivalence." Meta 35, no. 2 (2002): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003520ar.
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Abstract The translator's task has usually been defined as the establishment of an equivalence between the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) texts, and the translation process has been characterized as a branch of contrastive linguistics. But neither the nature of translation equivalence (TE) has been carefully specified nor a comprehensive framework consistent with the true nature of linguistic I communicative behaviour has been employed for contrasting languages for translation purposes. Consequently translation studies have always lacked a sound scientific framework. This paper attempts to study the nature of TE within the framework of a comprehensive contrastive analysis of SL and TL at discourse level and suggests seven different components for TE.
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Abdullayeva, Nargiza. "Cases of Equivalence in The Translation of Gender Lexical Units in English and Uzbek." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 5, no. 3 (2025): 14–17. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume05issue03-04.
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Throughout the ages, the topic of gender has consistently been a subject of discussions and debates. The differences between the concepts of sex and gender are not only based on biological factors but also stem from non-biological reasons. These differences are mainly reflected through the concept of gender, highlighting the psychological, cultural, and social distinctions between men and women. The object of study and research subject of gender linguistics is linguistic materials that represent gender in various languages and cultures. These materials manifest in human communication processes, the expressive language of literary works, or their translation. This article presents thoughts on the equivalence of gender-related lexical units in the translation of literary works between English and Uzbek.
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Bolaños Cuéllar, Sergio. "Equivalence within the Dynamic Translation Model (DTM): Default Equivalence Position, Equivalence Range, Initiator’s Instructions, and Translational Norms." Forma y Función 29, no. 2 (2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/fyf.v29n2.60194.
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Within the framework of a Dynamic Translation Model (DTM) (Bolaños, 2008) an attempt is made to show how equivalence is actually a key concept for the definition and explanation of translation. Central to this modern approach to translational equivalence is the relationship that holds between the Default Equivalence Position (DEP), Equivalence Range (ER), Initiator’s Instructions (II), and Translational Norms (TN). In this approach it is also clear that the explanatory power of the concept of equivalence is widened and it becomes suitable to adequately account for the different types of equivalence that are established in different text types (literary, scientific, and appellative texts), when several translational strategies are used, e.g. by resorting to domesticating or foreignizing linguistic resources.
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Yanxue, Li. "CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF THE LACUNA’S TRANSLATION MODEL IN MODERN LINGUISTICS." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 26/1 (2023): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2023-2-26/1-20.
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The cultural turn makes translation shift from word – text to cultural register. According to the view of cultural translation, culture serves as the translational unit. The lacunarity phenomenon, which is a linguistic and cultural occurrence when two languages are compared, has grown into a significant issue that translators must resolve. Therefore, the urgency of this research has changed to how to eliminate cultural conflict and fill up lexical lacunas. In this paper, we first clarify the similarities and differences of terms related to the lacunarity phenomenon from the perspective of their relevance. Then, aiming at the compensation of linguistic lacunas (semantic and pragmatic) in literary works, we adopt inductive, deductive, and modeling research methods according to the adequacy principle of translation, and put forward for the first time the concept of constructing the lacuna’s translation model in modern linguistics (novelty), with the purpose of building a complete set of systematic solutions to the translation problem of this phenomenon, so as to make the translation harmonious and unified in three aspects: aesthetic value, text equivalence, and functional correspondence. We can draw this conclusion from the meta-theoretical analysis of the lacuna’s translation model in modern linguistics and its use in the translation of the book “Tales of Hulan River” by Chinese author Xiao Hong: The model is a systematic innovation and endeavor in the field of translation based on linguistic research, and it has practical methodological importance. It can provide a set of formulaic reference standards for translators to interpret lexical lacunas. The following are the justifications for the conclusion: First, the model’s foundation is linguistic research on the concept of “lacuna”, including the examination of the relationships between terms such as “reality”, “non-equivalent words”, and “lacuna”, as well as the investigation of their definition, nature, classification, and semantic range; Second, the model adheres to the “adequacy” principle of translation, which comprises acceptability, similarity, and transmissibility while taking into account both the reader-translator and original-author orientations. This approach is robust and universal exactly because it takes into account every side involved in the translation process; Third, the model’s three theories work well together. L. S. Barchudarov developed 6 levels of semantic equivalence for language translation units, which focused more on the text’s equivalent in translation and disregarded the text’s communicative and aesthetic purposes. As a pragmatic addition to the equivalency theory of the former, the 7 functional dimensions outlined by Juliane House in the idea of functional correspondence of text can be applied. Meanwhile, by using the 6 organization principles of Gestalt psychology, the lacuna’s translation model in modern linguistics incorporates the translation form and subjective feelings into the reference mechanism from the needs of the reader as the subject of aesthetic meaning. It can be said that the triple theory offers a variety of reference indicators for translators, and they are free to combine suitable reference indicators in the filling of lexical lacunas represented by material culture, behavioral culture, institutional culture, and conceptual culture. According to the different types of lacunas, they can use translation methods such as transformational, interlinear, pragmatic translation, as well as by combining transcription, transliteration, replacement, omission, amplification, reconstructing, permutations, explanations in the text and other translation techniques, which reflects the flexibility of the translation model. However, the lexical lacunas themselves can be interpreted as a defective vocabulary in the target language, and the primary goal of the translator should be to compensate for or fill this defect, to let the reader understand “what does this mean”, then the functional correspondence of the lacuna's translation becomes more important. In other words, the lacuna’s translation model in modern linguistics requires the translator to pay more attention to pragmatic function and aesthetic effect; when necessary, translators must abandon low-level semantic equivalence and strive for high-level equivalence.
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Zhang, Lili, and Antonia Cristnoi-Bursuc. "L’intraduisibilité dans la traduction terminologique – un point de vue culturel." Traduction et Langues 21, no. 1 (2022): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v21i1.885.
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The Untranslatability in Terminological Translation – A Cultural Perspective
 The article tackles the untranslatability of perfumery French terms into Chinese and discusses the cultural explanatory factors that influence it. The first part is devoted to the theoretical presentation, which first defines culture as all that is created and known materially and spiritually, that it is the identity of a social group which differs from others. Translation is defined as a reformulation of the message in the target culture, and the essence of translating a term consists in determining its equivalent in the target language. The relation between the source term in the source language and the target term in the target language is theoretically an equivalence. However, terms are designations of concepts, and the creation of terms is a process of linguistic materialization of concepts. Since this process of linguistic materialization is cognitive and is strongly influenced by cultural practice and context, it is possible that the equivalence relation between the source term and the target term is not always absolute. It is possible that the so-called "equivalence" is just a partial equivalence or a functional equivalence. To justify the theoretical deduction, a terminology database in perfumery has been created, in which a certain number of French-Chinese terms in perfumery are collected. These terms constitute the object of analysis. The second part therefore specifies the inventory of French-Chinese terminological work in the field of perfumery, the parallel corpus in which the identification of bilingual terms is carried out, the principles to follow when identifying bilingual terms, the method used to construct the terminological database and to demonstrate the terms, and the method used to analyse the terms in the database. Then the third part is devoted to an observation of non-equivalences between French and Chinese terms. The non-equivalences are at the categorical and conceptual level. This means that the concepts designated by the French terms and the concepts designated by the Chinese terms are not mutually concordant. The non- equivalences are also found at the semantic level, which means that the French terms and their corresponding Chinese terms are semantically divergent. Examples cited from the terminological database testify first to the existence of categorial and conceptual non-equivalence, then to the absence of total semantic equivalence in the translation of terms. These non-equivalences are the direct causes of failures in the translation of terms, in other words, the direct cause of terminological untranslatability. A final discussion asserts that the indirect causes of the terminological untranslatability are found in cultural divergences. More precisely, the untranslatability is related to the practice of the field of perfumery and to the situation of terminological standardization in both countries. The different development in practice and in terminological work in perfumery between France and China leads to an unbalanced terminological development between the two languages, which manifests itself in the untranslatability of terms. The non-equivalences are also explained by the lack of terminological standardization in perfumery and the complexity in the perfumery market. Countless perfumed products, constant innovation of perfume notes, advertising strategies to increase turnover, etc., all this complexity is reflected in the linguistic description of products, including in terms. Finally, the conclusion opens a research perspective on terminological standardization in perfumery as well as on the translation approaches of translators faced with the untranslatability of terms.
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Sickinger, Pawel. "Aiming for Cognitive Equivalence – Mental Models as a Tertium Comparationis for Translation and Empirical Semantics." Research in Language 15, no. 2 (2017): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0013.
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This paper introduces my concept of cognitive equivalence (cf. Mandelblit, 1997), an attempt to reconcile elements of Nida’s dynamic equivalence with recent innovations in cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology, and building on the current focus on translators’ mental processes in translation studies (see e.g. Göpferich et al., 2009, Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, 2010). My approach shares its general impetus with Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk’s concept of re-conceptualization, but is independently derived from findings in cognitive linguistics and simulation theory (see e.g. Langacker, 2008; Feldman, 2006; Barsalou, 1999; Zwaan, 2004). Against this background, I propose a model of translation processing focused on the internal simulation of reader reception and the calibration of these simulations to achieve similarity between ST and TT impact. The concept of cognitive equivalence is exemplarily tested by exploring a conceptual / lexical field (MALE BALDNESS) through the way that English, German and Japanese lexical items in this field are linked to matching visual-conceptual representations by native speaker informants. The visual data gathered via this empirical method can be used to effectively triangulate the linguistic items involved, enabling an extra-linguistic comparison across languages. Results show that there is a reassuring level of inter-informant agreement within languages, but that the conceptual domain for BALDNESS is linguistically structured in systematically different ways across languages. The findings are interpreted as strengthening the call for a cognition-focused, embodied approach to translation.
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Abdukhalilova, D. "CONNOTATIVE EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION STUDIES." POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, no. 85 (April 21, 2025): 61–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15254041.
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Research in translation studies focuses on the specific features of poetic and prose translation in direct and indirect translations, linguistic and pragmatic problems of translation, dissonance and assonance in translation, real translation, and the problem of choosing the right equivalent to achieve adequacy in translation. This article is devoted to the connotative type, classification, and study of equivalence, which is one of the most important concepts in translation.
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Nurullaev, Khasan Tukhtaevich, Mokhigul Normurodovna Abdirakhimova, and Olima Akhatovna Khalilova. "Comparative Analysis of Equivalence of Somatic Phraseological Units in German and Uzbek Languages." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 13, no. 2 (2021): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v13i2.211147.
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This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of somatic phraseological units in German and Uzbek. Somatic phraseological units are part of a common group of phrases in German and Uzbek. Many languages have equivalents of somatic phraseological units, however, each part of the body is associated with certain characteristics: head with mind, heart with feelings, mouth and tongue with speech, hands with practical activity. The work contains about 1500 somatic phrases based on explanatory phraseological dictionaries and multilingual phraseographic sources of German and Uzbek languages, which are studied in terms of lexic, syntax and semantics. The work explores somatic expressions in both languages from a lexical, syntactic and semantic point of view. In the somatic phraseological units, the human body participates as a nuclear word, and they have cultural signs of a certain mentality. From the point of view of structural-semantic and structural-syntactic interactions, somatisms in German and Uzbek were studied in such categories as absolute equivalence, partial equivalence, zero equivalence. In this work, phraseological units corresponding to all lexical, morphological and syntactic criteria of equivalence are interpreted as absolute, having almost the same meaning in both languages, as well as small morphological-syntactic and lexical-semantic differences - as partially equivalent, without alternative equivalents or lexical options in comparable languages according to internal and external linguistic factors, as zero equivalents. The results of the study are presented in tables as statistical data.
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Mizin, Kostiantyn, Oleksandr Petrov, Anastasiia Petrova, and Liubov Letiucha. "Exploring Cross-Cultural Equivalence of Emotion Concepts ENVY and NEID: A Corpus-Based Study." Arab World English Journal 16, no. 1 (2025): 336–48. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol16no1.21.
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This study explores the cross-cultural equivalence of the emotion concepts (ECs) ESC1 ENVY and Germ.2 NEID through a corpus-based linguistic analysis. Because emotional concepts are shaped by cultural and linguistic contexts, this research investigates the degree of semantic overlap between these ECs. The study employs a comparative analysis of lexical collocations from two major language corpora – iWeb for English and DWDS Webkorpus for German. Findings reveal the fact that despite significant, yet not absolute, equivalence between ENVY and NEID, in the German-speaking community envy is perceived as a more negative and less intense emotional experience. In contrast, in English-speaking cultures, envy closely correlates with jealousy, therefore EC ENVY is somewhat more intense than NEID. Furthermore, the study identifies key conceptual proximates that shape the semantic structures of these emotions, highlighting cross-cultural differences in emotional perception. These findings contribute to intercultural communication research, providing insights into the complexities of translating emotion-related terms. Future research should further explore equivalences across additional languages and cultural contexts to refine cross-linguistic emotion mapping
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Ruskan, Anna. "Visual perception-based adverbials: Cross-linguistic equivalence and differences." Journal of Pragmatics 186 (December 2021): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.10.014.
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Castellano Martínez, José María. "Análisis del concepto de equivalencia en la traducción institucional del ámbito de la Unión Europea." Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, no. 7 (2012): 43–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2012.i07.02.
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This paper aims to analyze the concept of equivalence which is registered within the specialized context of the European Union institutions. Firstly, a historical sketch of the principal theories about equivalence is provided in order to studying the said concept from three different perspectives, namely, linguistics -the study of this concept in relation to multilingualism policy-, legal -the relevance of the legal and institutional framework according to this concept of equivalence-, and finally, a perspective from the translation studies to investigate the notions of ST and TT as well as the act of linguistic translation it-self; between other aspects related to translating in this specialized field. Finally, this work aims to provide a proposed definition for the said concept of equivalence by considering the conclusions from the previous issues, considered as limits defining this context of specialization.
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Pendit, Ni Putu Meri Dewi, Afriliani, and Ni Made Verayanti Utami. "Linguistic Landscape of Malukat Temple in Gianyar, Bali: Analysis on Public Signage." KEMBARA Journal of Scientific Language Literature and Teaching 10, no. 1 (2024): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v10i1.32669.
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One intriguing aspect in linguistic studies is linguistic landscape, which encompasses the use of language in public spaces. This research aims to delineate the syntactic characteristics of information boards within self-cleaning temples (Malukat) situated in Gianyar, Bali. Furthermore, it investigates the function of the bilingual information boards' (Indonesian and English). The study employs a qualitative method to elucidate the syntactic scopes and semantic functions found in the informational boards. The analysis draws from landscape linguistics theory by Yendra and Artawa (2020) and incorporates micro-linguistics theories, including Noortyani's (2017) syntactic scope theory, Landry and Bourhis (1997) linguistic landscape theory, and Nida's (2000) translation equivalence theory. Findings reveal that temple information boards exhibit diverse syntactic scopes, predominantly in the form of sentences, as they convey detailed and comprehensible information to visitors. The semiotic function employed in public space signboards predominantly features informational and symbolic functions, contributing to the overall linguistic landscape of the temple environment. The research concludes the fact that the dynamic relationship between language, culture, and public spaces, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to linguistic analysis in diverse environments.
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Karpilovska, Ievheniia. "Terms–Aspectual Synonyms in the Cognitive Space of Language." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-2.
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The article deals with the Ukrainian linguistic terms – aspectual synonyms. They are considered as a kind of conceptual synonyms that have common or different features of the same concept. Groups of homogeneous aspectual synonyms which form facets in the cognitive space of contemporary Ukrainian linguistic terminological system are determined as well as groups of heterogeneous aspectual synonyms, which are organized into clusters. The operational function of such synonyms for the forming of classes of equivalents of one- and multi-lingual terms in the informational-retrieval language of the keywords of the Base of the World Slavic Linguistics iSybislaw is emphasized. Determination of certain feature in the cognitive structure of multilingual terms creates the base for revealing the degree of their content closeness and the validity for the inclusion of terms-keywords to the certain classes of equivalence in the information-retrieval language of iSybislaw. The determination of common cognitive features for terms in different languages enables the structuring of their classes of equivalents in the iSybislaw system and, therefore, to organize searching of information within certain facets of aspectual synonyms within such classes; to search equivalents to foreign linguistic terms with the same features of the nomination concept common for them in certain national linguistic traditions. The analysis of aspectual synonyms in the contemporary Ukrainian linguistic terminological system will provide a solid basis for studying the state and perspectives of understanding the linguistic concepts which today are in the focus of attention and active work of specialists, as well as to find their links with the nominations of the same concepts in other languages and the forming of classes of equivalents for the language of the keywords of the iSybislaw system. Such structuring of the classes of equivalents on the basis of the commonality of the features of multi-lingual coreferential terms will help to optimize the searching of information in the database of system iSybislaw, as well as to create on its basis a new thesaurus of Slavic linguistic terminology as a hypertext system.
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КРАМАР, В. "ПСИХОЛІНГВІСТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ В ПЕРЕКЛАДІ СУЧАСНОГО АНГЛОМОВНОГО ТРИЛЕРА". Current issues of linguistics and translation studies 22 (2 грудня 2021): 62–66. https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2021-22-13.
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Development of models of literary text translation is considered. Translation originated and has long advanced as a discipline that provided faithful and accurate reproduction of the original text or message on commercial, military or religious topics. The accuracy of the reproduced information at that time was equal to equivalence, since it was impossible in principle to change or even interpret the facts from texts of a sacred nature or military orders texts. Modern categories of linguistic transformation, dynamic equivalence and relevance in translation are also examined. The key concept of nowadays translation theories is encoding and decoding: the author transmits something to the reader, and the task of the translator is to properly understand the content of the message and equivalently reproduce it by means of the target language. However, such recoding is not ever understood as pure transformational (mirror), but variable, the one that must take into account the factor of equivalent pragmatic influence on the addressee. Features of such psycholinguistic model of translation by Roger Bell are represented. This model is based on the achievement of cognitive and system-wide linguistics and computer word processing. The novel by the British writer Flynn Berry "Under Harrow", is taken as an object of translation studies. "Under Harrow" reads many formal detective postmodern canons. This artistic text is considerably complicated for translation because its structure gradually turns from narrative - consecutive to labyrinthine. Psycholinguistic strategy of translation, which takes into account linguistic and non-linguistic features of the text as well as cultural, ethical, educational, etc. features of the addressee is able to reproduce equivalently the full range of meanings hidden in this novel as well as in modern art. Some methods of equivalent rendering of the poetics of the postmodernist thriller are given.
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Terkourafi, Marina. "The pragmatic variable: Toward a procedural interpretation." Language in Society 40, no. 3 (2011): 343–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404511000212.
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AbstractLabov defined the linguistic variable as “a class of variants which are ordered along a continuous dimension and whose position is determined by an independent linguistic or extralinguistic variable” (1966:15). A precondition for identifying surface forms as variants of a single variable is semantic, or truth-conditional, equivalence. This requirement proves hard to apply beyond (morpho)phonology, and was subsequently relaxed into one of functional equivalence. The focus of this article is pragmatic variation and how we should interpret functional equivalence to account for this. It is proposed that the variants of a pragmatic variable share a common procedural meaning, defined as a set of instructions guiding the inferential phase of utterance interpretation. Recasting the core meaning of pragmatic variables in procedural terms allows us to co-examine alternating forms that may express different referential meanings, remaining true to the spirit of Labov's proposal, who saw linguistic variables as socially motivated clusterings of forms. (Pragmatic variation, functional equivalence, procedural meaning, Relevance Theory)*
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Susini, Made, I. Nengah Sudipa, I. Nyoman Suparwa, and Ida Ayu Made Puspani. "Material Clause Re-contextualization in Indonesian-English Translation." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 10 (2019): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0910.02.
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This research is to investigate linguistic re-contextualization found in the translation from Indonesian into English. Applying pragmatic translation equivalence (House, 2015) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014), it focuses on how material clause in Indonesian meditation text is rendered into English. The research finding shows that to achieve translation equivalence, Indonesian material clause is re-contextualized by rendering it into relational clause of attributive, relational clause of identification and material clause using different type of process. The re-contextualization results in shift of dematerialization and shift from one type of material clause into another type of material clause.
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Abdullaeva, Shokhida. "LINGUISTIC DYNAMICS IN FINANCIAL-ECONOMIC DISCOURSE: FROM BROADENING TO AMELIORATION." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 6, no. 12 (2024): 205–18. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue12-09.
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This study investigates semantic changes in financial and economic texts translated between English and Uzbek using a mixed-methods approach. A collection of relevant texts was compiled and analyzed according to various types of equivalence, including formal, dynamic, pragmatic, contextual, and functional equivalence. The findings reveal that semantic changes, such as broadening, narrowing, pejoration, and amelioration, play a crucial role in adapting words to evolving social, cultural, and technological conditions. Semantic broadening is exemplified by terms like “blockchain”, which has expanded from its original meaning in cryptocurrency to encompass various industries. Conversely, semantic narrowing is observed in words like “market”, which has become more specific in financial contexts. Pejoration occurs when neutral lexical units acquire negative connotations, as seen in the use of animal metaphors like “shark” and “vulture” to describe aggressive financial behaviors. Amelioration, on the other hand, involves words gaining more positive meanings, such as “investment” and “reform”, reflecting changes in societal perceptions. The study highlights the importance of context in shaping word semantics and the role of evaluative meaning in financial and economic texts. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in achieving equivalence in translation and the significance of semantic changes in adapting language to evolving contexts.
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Boiko, I. V. "Diachronic plurality of retranslations in the context of translation equivalence (case study of Ukrainian retranslations of W. Shakespeare’s tragedies)." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 3 (341) (2021): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-3(341)-142-151.
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The article considers the concept of equivalence in the context of the diachronic plurality of retranslations of Shakespeare's tragedies. An analysis of different approaches to determining the levels of equivalence is given: E. Nida and K. Rice distinguish formal and dynamic equivalence; J. Catford differentiates formal equivalent and text equivalent; J. House determines the difference between explicit and implicit translation. W. Koller distinguishes five types of equivalence: denotative equivalence, connotative equivalence, text-normative equivalence, pragmatic equivalence, and formal equivalence. V. Komissarov defines the levels of equivalence that form a hierarchical structure: levels of communication objectives, description of the situation, utterance, messages, and linguistic signs. The article highlights the notion of diachronic plurality of retranslations of a time-remote original text on the example of Ukrainian retranslations of the XIX–XXI centuries of Shakespeare's tragedies „Hamlet” and „Romeo and Juliet” and defines the basic principles of equivalence theory on which diachronic plurality of retranslations is based. The specifics of translators' use of different strategies in achieving equivalence of the original text and the translated one, which are due to the creative personality of the translator and translation style, is described. The article demonstrates that achieving the equivalence of a time-remote original text that is not a fixed quantity is a very important task for every translator, whose decision is determined by various factors, including the translator's choice of appropriate strategies and tactics. Each translation reflects its „own” original, which always follows from the individual vision of the text by the translator.
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Шмігер, Тарас. "ОЛЕКСАНДР ФІНКЕЛЬ І СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВА В УКРАЇНІ". Inozenma Philologia, № 137 (22 листопада 2024): 204–18. https://doi.org/10.30970/fpl.2024.137.4502.
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The paper is a tribute to Oleksandr Finkel’s signifi cant role in establishing Ukrainian translation studies as an independent academic discipline. Finkel’s pioneering work introduced a methodological approach to analysing linguistic aspects of translation, marking him as one of the early adopters of this approach. As a leading scholar based in Kharkiv, he produced the research in Ukraine which had a ripple eff ect throughout the Soviet Union and beyond. Finkel’s extensive exploration of translation as a scholarly pursuit aimed at creating a distinct academic fi eld within Ukrainian academia utilizing a burgeoning linguostylistic methodology. Drawing primarily from Finkel’s published works and manuscripts, the paper organizes his perspectives around the core areas of translation studies: theory, criticism, and pedagogy. His application of linguostylistics delves deep into fundamental translation phenomena such as equivalence, text types, translation multiplicity, the translator’s role, intertextuality, and textual dynamics. In the framework of George Steiner’s classifi cation of translation studies periods, Finkel’s ideas align most closely with the third period, characterized by a linguistic approach to translation theory. Early on, he interconnects translation with stylistics and linguistics, later evolving into linguostylistics. Key inquiries in his work include the nature of translation, the smallest unit of translation, the linguistic structure of text elements like words and sentences, and how linguistic elements shape historical cultural realities. Key words: translation theory, equivalence, text types, translation quality assessment, translation didactics.
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Rajeh, Shmokh Ahmed, Baleid Taha Shamsan, Afaf Alwan, and Mohammed Hamoud Ghannam. "Examining Cultural Equivalence used in the Translation of Dammaj's Novel "Al-Rahinah"." Journal of Social Studies 30, no. 4 (2025): 70–89. https://doi.org/10.20428/jss.v31i4.2802.
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This research paper examines the type of cultural equivalence used in translating Dammaj's novel "Al-Rahinah" into English by May Jayyusi and Christopher Tingley. Using Nida's ideas about formal and dynamic equivalence, this study looks into whether the cultural aspects of Yemen in "Al-Rahinah" were communicated in a formal or an adaptive way. During the analysis, the type of equivalence used was identified and quantified. In this case, formal equivalence was rarely used, although dynamic equivalence seemed to be mainly employed to transfer the Yemeni cultural items into English. Generally, it appeared that the translators relied on the dynamic equivalence to add, explain, replace, or omit source linguistic terms that may have resulted in a significant loss and misrepresentation of Yemeni culture. Besides, the formal equivalence approach was inefficient because it presupposed a word-for-word translation of cultural items, which led to their ineffective conveyance in the target language. As the research findings showed, none of the dynamic and formal equivalency in translation contributed to the better translation outcome because both approaches concealed a significant number of cultural notions present in the source text.
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Al-Tae, Dr Niama Dahash Farhan. "A Linguistic Study of Ibn-Khaldoon’s Introduction: A Procedural Study in the Light of (Folklore Linguistics Project)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 213, no. 1 (2018): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v213i1.650.
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The linguistic theory of heritage has adopted the ancient Arabic linguistic Folklore as a subject for various studies on the basis of the principles of rereading, which is characterized by multi-purposes like briefing ancient linguistic perceptions and interpreting them in accordance with the new trends of linguistic research in a way to equalize the ancient linguistic thought results. The new trends in linguistic theories have a new view to identify its historical and civilized value according to the new type of a new reading to have it been as an intellectual attitude by itself. As the linguistic subjects involve certain purposes, this study aims at finding out the closeness and similarity between the Arabic linguistic folklore and the new trends in linguistics. To be tackled with in our Arabic folklore is what Ibn-Khaldoon left, which is used to be distinguished and pre his era, regarding applied linguistic similarities. His remarks extended to theoretical linguistic issues related to Arabic, in particular. He talked about language and linguistics ; their concepts and natures, tackled with the issue of linguistic development and the functions of parsing regarding its nature as far as form and function concerned. He indicated rhetoric and eloquence and deeply showed the relation between language and society. Such nature and its earlier effect of what we call linguistic variation , or to put it more precisely, it was as an attempt to explore the extent of equivalence between the linguistic structure and socio-psycho structures which used to be as the basic foundation of applied linguistics; therefore, these similarities have been demonstrated in two sections:
 1 - Psycholinguistic similarities according to Ibn-Khaldoon.
 2 - Sociolinguistic similarity according to Ibn-Khaldoon.
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Juan, Fidelio, Sirilus Lagung, and Ni Nyoman Tri Sukarsih. "Cultural Terms in Gospel of Mark : a Translation Study." LITERA : Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra 9, no. 2 (2023): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36002/litera.v9i2.3029.
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Translation procedures involve complex processes of linguistic and cultural analysis by examining the text through systematic methods aimed at preserving meaning and readability. This study investigates the application of Newmark's translation procedures, with a focus on cultural terms and cultural equivalence, in the translation of the Gospel of Mark from English to Indonesian. Utilizing Newmark's framework, which includes methods such as transference, Naturalization, cultural equivalent, and functional equivalent among others, the study employs a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Data was collected through non-participant observation and non-probability sampling on selected cultural terms from the Gospel of Mark. The findings reveal that while cultural equivalence is crucial for conveying the original cultural context, other procedures are necessary to address different linguistic and contextual challenges. Newmark's procedures facilitate a nuanced translation process, ensuring that the cultural context and original meaning of the terms are preserved while making them accessible to contemporary Indonesian readers. The study demonstrates that a balanced application of Newmark's translation procedures results in a more faithful and culturally appropriate translation of religious texts.
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Gasek, Bogumil. "Multiple Equivalence in “Polish-Russian Dictionary of Translation Pairs”." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 2 (May 2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.2.8.
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This article provides an overview of multiple equivalence presentations in "Polish-Russian Dictionary of Translation Pairs" ("Polsko-rosyjski słownik par przekładowych") edited by Wojciech Chlebda, which provides more than one Russian equivalent for a Polish lexical item. The uniqueness of the dictionary is in its arrangement that is re-product functioning as a dictionary entry, which determines its choice for analysis. "Re-product" is understood as a single-word or multi-word reproducible language item assigned to specific communicative situations. Such a broad definition allowed including a wide variety of items – from single words, through fixed phrases, proper names, titles of literary works and films, popular expressions, proverbs and sayings, scientific terms, linguistic etiquette formulas – into the lexicographical edition under analysis. In the course of the dictionary content multi-aspectual analysis it became evident that its input item arrangement is based on multiple equivalence; moreover, the dictionary provides meticulously selected equivalents, meeting at the same time the main conceptual requirement related to the use of the collected material for the purposes of teaching Russian. However, the analysis also revealed certain shortcomings to light, pointing to the need for a more precise gradation of equivalents and more accurate use of qualifiers, and requirement to provide some translation pairs with additional equivalents. In single cases, other (than those included in the dictionary) Russian equivalents were suggested.
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Mansoor, Khalid. ""Translation Across the Difficulties of Equivalence Concept"." Scientific Bulletin of the Politehnica University of Timişoara Transactions on Modern Languages 17 (January 6, 2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.59168/svtg1474.
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The main purpose of this study is to discuss the concept of Equivalence across the translation process from English to Arabic, and its different relationships with linguistic aspects. The discussion presented in this study will also show that equivalence is one of the vital issues in translation studies that cannot be ignored or underestimated. The cultural differences between English and Arabic are discussed along with the relationship between the nature and function of equivalence.
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Shang, Lei, and Caixia Hu. "Functional Equivalence in the Translation of English Insurance Contracts: Linguistic Challenges and Strategic Approaches." International Journal of Education and Humanities 18, no. 3 (2025): 63–66. https://doi.org/10.54097/rytet707.
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This paper explores the linguistic complexities and strategic approaches involved in translating English insurance contracts from the theoretical perspective of Functional Equivalence. By conducting a systematic analysis of the linguistic characteristics and translation challenges inherent in insurance contracts, complemented by case studies, this research explores strategies for achieving functional equivalence at both lexical and syntactic levels. The findings underscore the necessity for translators to not only ensure the precise transmission of legal information but also to account for the cultural context and reading habits of the target audience. The study further accentuate the critical role of strategically employing diverse translation techniques to optimize functional equivalence in legal and professional discourses.
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Gasparyan, Seda. "The Word “Yeghern” and the Semantic Field of Its Equivalence in English." Armenian Folia Anglistika 6, no. 1-2 (7) (2010): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2010.6.1-2.138.
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The present article examines the translated versions of the Armenian word yeghern in English and the semantic field of its equivalence. Based on the well-known speech/language dichotomy which is of fundamental importance in linguistics, the author examines the word as a unit of the language system and as an element endowed with a certain amount of dynamism and stylistic and pragmatic nuances in speech. The study of the word yeghern at the linguistic level is based on numerous data provided by explanatory, terminological and synonym dictionaries. The study of the speech peculiarities of the use of this unit is carried out from the point of view of the horizontal and vertical contexts based on the appeal to the Swedish parliament of 68 specialists of various fields. The investigation confirms that despite the broad semantic field of the unit both in Armenian and in English, the English equivalent for the word yeghern is genocide – the only equivalent which was internationally acknowledged back in 1948.