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Fenske, James, und Namrata Kala. „Linguistic Distance and Market Integration in India“. Journal of Economic History 81, Nr. 1 (26.01.2021): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000650.
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The role of cultural distance in market integration, particularly in the developing world, has received relatively little attention. Using prices from more than 200 South Asian markets spanning 1861 to 1921, we show that linguistic distance correlates negatively with market integration. A one-standard-deviation increase in linguistic distance predicts a reduction in the price correlation between two markets of 0.121 standard deviations for wheat, 0.181 for salt, and 0.088 for rice. While factors like genetic distance, literacy gaps, and railway connections are correlated with linguistic distance, they do not fully explain the correlation between linguistic distance and market integration.
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Kainara, Dmytro, und Iuliia Kaliuzhna. „Assessment of factors influencing the stability of Ukrainian export based on the fractal analysis“. SHS Web of Conferences 107 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110704002.
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The article considered the assessment of the sustainability of the export flow of Ukraine. It was determined that the markets of Slovakia, the Russian Federation, Germany, Poland and Lithuania possess longterm memory. Also, the main factors that affect the sustainability of export have been analyzed. Among cultural factors, a weak correlation was demonstrated by Long Term Orientation, Indulgence and Power Distance according to the Geert Hofstede method. At the same time, the cultural patterns according to the S. H. Schwartz method did not show a correlation with the long-term memory of product export. On the stability of the export flow, the role of the linguistic distance and the factor of the diaspora presence have been assessed. It was proved that the gravitational effect has the greatest impact on the stability of export; Power Distance, linguistic distance and the factor of the diaspora presence have the negligible impact as well.
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Andrade, Maureen Snow. „Global Learning by Distance“. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.2013010105.
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The knowledge economy demands a highly skilled and well-rounded work force. However, because traditional institutions cannot meet the demand for post-secondary education, technological innovations, particularly distance learning, are becoming the solution for increased access. As distance programs are developed for global delivery, cultural and linguistic issues must be considered. Pedagogical methods, modes of learning, communication styles, English proficiency, and delivery logistics potentially interfere with the success of such endeavors. This article addresses the opportunities and obstacles of creating distance courses for international learners. It reviews the need for international educational access, provides an overview of the issues, and shares a learner-centered framework to demonstrate principles and practicalities for mitigating potential obstacles to distance learning as a global venture. The framework is illustrated with examples from distance English language learning courses.
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Arakelyan, Tsovinar. „The Problem of Social Interactions in Distance Language Learning“. Armenian Folia Anglistika 11, Nr. 1 (13) (15.04.2015): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2015.11.1.106.
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The purpose of this article is to highlight the problem of the lack of social interactions in the distance language learning context and to suggest optimal solutions towards the development of social presence in virtual learning environment. Specifically, five main points figure prominently in the model of interaction development: implementation of parter-feedback system, collaborative preparation for online lessons, incorporation of video-recorded exercises in the course content, creation of students' profiles and facing different cultural and linguistic dimensions.
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Kachru, Yamuna. „Cognitive and Cultural Styles in Second Language Acquisition“. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 9 (März 1988): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500000866.
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The goals of second language acquisition research, as of first language acquisi-tion research, are to determine exactly what is acquired and precisely how it is acquired. The first concern leads to questions such as the following in the case of second language acquisition [SLA]•How comparable are the first and second languages of the learners?•What effect does the perceived closeness or distance of the two languages have on second language acquisition?•Do learners only acquire linguistic categories and structures of the second language, or do they also acquire a different set of cognitive structures and cultural categories? And finally,•Do they acquire only linguistic rules, or do they also acquire the sociocultural conventions of language use relevant to the second language?The second concern leads to the following question:•What role do cognitive styles, learning strategies, and personality factors—either innate or acquired as a result of socialization in a particular community—play in second language acquisition?
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White, Cindel J. M., Michael Muthukrishna und Ara Norenzayan. „Cultural similarity among coreligionists within and between countries“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 37 (07.09.2021): e2109650118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109650118.
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Cultural evolutionary theories suggest that world religions have consolidated beliefs, values, and practices within a superethnic cultural identity. It follows that affiliation with religious traditions would be reliably associated with global variation in cultural traits. To test this hypothesis, we measured cultural distance between religious groups within and between countries, using the Cultural Fixation Index (CFST) applied to the World Values Survey (88 countries, n = 243,118). Individuals who shared a religious tradition and level of commitment to religion were more culturally similar, both within and across countries, than those with different affiliations and levels of religiosity, even after excluding overtly religious values. Moreover, distances between denominations within a world religion echoed shared historical descent. Nonreligious individuals across countries also shared cultural values, offering evidence for the cultural evolution of secularization. While nation-states were a stronger predictor of cultural traits than religious traditions, the cultural similarity of coreligionists remained robust, controlling for demographic characteristics, geographic and linguistic distances between groups, and government restriction on religion. Together, results reveal the pervasive cultural signature of religion and support the role of world religions in sustaining superordinate identities that transcend geographical boundaries.
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Kruse, Arne, und Liv Helene Willumsen. „Magic Language: The Transmission of an Idea over Geographical Distance and Linguistic Barriers“. Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 15, Nr. 1 (2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mrw.2020.0012.
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Shiner, R. J. W. „Speaking to God in Australia: Donald Robinson and the Writing of An Australian Prayer Book (1978)“. Studies in Church History 53 (26.05.2017): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2016.26.
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Archbishop Donald Robinson (b. 1922) had a distinguished career as a New Testament scholar and senior churchman. As a New Testament scholar, he emphasized the linguistic and cultural distance between what Barth called ‘the strange new world of the Bible’ and our own. However, as a senior churchman, Robinson was required to traverse the distance between the Bible and twentieth-century Australians. Through his episcopal leadership, and notably through his work in producing An Australian Prayer Book (1978), Robinson faced the challenge of speaking to Australians about God, and finding the words by which Australians might speak to God. This article will explore the ways in which a prominent scholar and churchman grappled with the linguistic and cultural challenges of speaking about God and to God in contemporary Australia, understood against the background of the crisis of (ir)relevance faced by Australian churches in the decline of the 1960s and 1970s.
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Kaufman, Terrence, und John Justeson. „HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS AND PRE-COLUMBIAN MESOAMERICA“. Ancient Mesoamerica 20, Nr. 2 (2009): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536109990113.
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AbstractThis article presents some of the authors' perspectives on the past 20 years of work that applies the results of research in historical linguistics to the understanding of the histories and cultural practices of pre-Columbian Mesoamericans. It focuses on major cultural transformations to which both historical linguistic and archaeological data can contribute, such as the spread of agriculture, and migrations in Mesoamerican prehistory. It also addresses major culture-historical studies on narrower topics: on Nawa and its place in the prehistory of Mexico, in particular confirming standard views that Nawas were immigrants into Mesoamerica; on Archaic and Formative period interactions involving Oto-Mangeans, which is work that is largely still to be done; on the prospects for work on long-distance contacts between Mesoamerica and North America; on the contributions of historical linguistics in Mesoamerican epigraphy; and on the value and prospects of updating the methodology of glottochronology.
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Ghanooni, Ali Reza. „A cross-cultural study of metaphoric imagery in Shakespeare’s Macbeth“. Translation and Interpreting Studies 9, Nr. 2 (28.11.2014): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.9.2.05gha.
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Metaphor is an important literary device, and its translation poses the challenge of switching between different cultural, conceptual, and linguistic frames of reference. This study uses cross-cultural comparison to investigate the metaphoric imagery used in six translations of Shakespeare’s Macbeth into three languages: French, Italian, and Persian. To accomplish the aims of the study, metaphoric images in this play were identified in the source and target texts and then subjected to comparative analysis using Newmark’s categorization of strategies for translating metaphors. After analyzing the translations in the above-mentioned languages, it became apparent that all the translators, including the two Persian translators, tended to retain the same metaphoric images as in the source text. This is somewhat surprising given the greater linguistic and cultural distance between English and Persian. The findings suggest that the literal treatment of metaphors — and not their explicitation — may be a translation universal, at least in regard to canonical texts.
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Barnett, George A., und Grace A. Benefield. „Predicting international Facebook ties through cultural homophily and other factors“. New Media & Society 19, Nr. 2 (10.07.2016): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444815604421.
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This study describes the structure of the international Facebook friendship network and its determinants using various predictors, including physical proximity, cultural homophily, and communication. Network analysis resulted in one group of nations, with countries that bridge geographic and linguistic clusters (France, Spain, United Kingdom, and United Arab Emirates) being the most central. Countries with international Facebook friendship ties tended to share borders, language, civilization, and migration. Physical distance, shared hyperlinks, use of common websites, telephone traffic, cultural similarity, and international student exchange were either weakly or not significantly related to international Facebook friendships.
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Vencevičienė, Lina, Rita Rugienė, Algirdas Venalis und Irena Butrimienė. „Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Lithuanian questionnaires for the spondyloarthropathies“. Medicina 45, Nr. 3 (11.03.2009): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45030023.
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Original English questionnaires – Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index – are designed to evaluate health, physical and psychical state of patients with spondyloarthropathies and to assess efficiency of the treatment. Objective. The objective of the study was to adapt Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index questionnaires to the Lithuanian context and examine their psychometric aspects: reliability and validity. Patients and methods. Validation and linguistic and cultural adaptation of Lithuanian questionnaires were performed according to the requirements for adaptation of the international questionnaires. Psychometric features of Lithuanian questionnaires were examined in 139 patients with spondyloarthropathies. The validity of questionnaires was tested by comparing these questionnaires with Health Assessment Questionnaire Modified for Spondyloarthropathies, metrology indices (tragus-to-wall distance, lateral flexion, modified Schober’s distance, intermalleolar distance), pain intensity, patient’s well-being, physician’s assessment of the disease activity, and total enthesis count. The reliability of questionnaires was assessed by determining internal consistency of scales and scale stability and by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results. The linguistic and cultural adaptation of these questionnaires was made during the study. Internal consistency was high for functional and disease activity index (Cronbach a³0.80) and moderate for the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score (Cronbach a=0.58). High stability in regard to time was characteristic of all three questionnaires (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.95). A significant association between the separate questions of examined instruments, their joint results and other factors reflecting patient’s health was established. Conclusions. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index questionnaires in Lithuanian fully correspond to psychometric requirements. They are appropriate and relevant in assessing the influence of spondyloarthropathies on a patient’s health.
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Enríquez-Aranda, Mercedes. „The Reception of Spain in Australia through Translation: a Linguistic, Cultural and Audiovisual Overview“. Hermēneus. Revista de traducción e interpretación, Nr. 21 (20.12.2019): 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/her.21.2019.165-196.
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The geographical distance between Spain and Australia is not an obstacle to a historical relationship that is developing at linguistic, cultural and audiovisual levels in Australia. This work presents a study of the position of the Spanish language and culture in the Australian social panorama and reflects on the audiovisual media as the main means of conveying this foreign culture and language. From the identification of the elements that participate in the process of translation of the Spanish audiovisual products in Australia, significant conclusions are derived related to the effect that the translation of these audiovisual products can have on the creation of a Spanish cultural image in Australia.
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Suvakovic, Aleksandra. „Communication as necessary factor of a collective remembrance of the common life on example of Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija“. Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, Nr. 171 (2019): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1971327s.
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Far-reaching consequences that linguistic policy may leave in the future decades are denoted in the paper, especially in regions where two nations with their differences interlace. After the World War II, it was enabled for the Albanians in the region of Kosovo and Metohija to get education entirely in their mother tongue, Albanian language, which simultaneously reduced the range of interactions with fellow citizens of Serbian nationality, the ability to understand each other, reducing also their professional possibilities. The years that followed only deepened the linguistic barrier between the two nations living in the same region, which inevitably led to constantly growing ethnic distance and escalation of conflicts. Empirical researches regarding the linguistic and ethnic distance between the Serbs and Albanians were conducted among Serbian students in Kosovska Mitrovica and Albanian students in Pristina after a long time, in December 2016 and January 2017. An opinion poll in the field was implemented along with the representative sample, while Likert scale and modified Bogardus scale were used as instruments. The obtained results showed both the ignorance of the language of the other ethnic group and unwillingness to master that language, as an obstacle for communication. The results could be the guidelines for future state linguistic and educational policy in this region. Ethnic minorities have an indisputable right to foster their mother tongue and culture but necessarily must also master the language of the state whose territory they live on. On the other hand, the Serbian population also should get to know the language of fellow citizens - Albanians, primarily for establishing communication and better understanding, but also for improving the quality of life. Establishing such a linguistic policy would gradually remove linguistic barriers, leading to the reduction of ethnic distance. It would create also the presumptions for overcoming the ?ethnic cultural memory? that deepens differences by its unilaterality, i.e. it would create conditions for the transmission of over-ethnic memory to a common life in the region where such life existed. It would represent the first condition for establishing a common ?cultural memory?.
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Fodranová, Iveta, und Viera Kubičková. „The Comparative Study of Cultural Differences of Slovak Inbound Tourists: A Need of Innovations“. Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 9, Nr. 36 (01.12.2016): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0037.
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Abstract The aim of this article was to identify the cause of the negative attitude of Slovak population towards visitors by comparing the differences in national cultures on six primary Hofstede’s dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence and provide comparison with Slovakia. The results revealed high score on power distance and masculinity. The high score of this two dimensions′ correlates with elements of expressions of superiority and negatively affects not only the way of communication between people from the same cultural and linguistic group, but also with individuals that come from a different cultural environment. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop a smarter marketing approach - strive for innovation and unique marketing activities for a more efficient communication.
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Plotnikova, Anna. „On cultural dialects in Slavic ethnolinguistics“. Juznoslovenski filolog 72, Nr. 3-4 (2016): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1604009p.
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In the article the author considers the basic ideas of the Moscow ethnolinguistic school on the basis of several examples from the South Slavic cultural dialects. The methods are similar to the technique of isolating certain linguistic dialects and cultural dialects; much attention is paid to justification of the concept ?cultural dialect.? Eastern Serbia and western Bulgaria were taken as an example for the analysis of dialects based on phonetic, grammatical features and those that are observed in folk culture and which are reflected in its terminological vocabulary. Research was carried out into one of the main arealogical regularities that is linked to the interaction between cultural and language contexts of its functioning (in the sphere of beliefs and rituals, in folklore texts - legends, stories about encounters with supernatural beings, etc.). For example, ?bear?s day? shows the areal scheme of concentric circles, according to which the central place belongs to the terminological vocabulary, as far as the distance from the center is concerned, there are only rituals and beliefs associated with the ?bear? symbols of the holiday, and the wide range covers the extent of the legend of St. Andrew riding a bear. The paper concludes with a description of the geographic background in the ethnolinguistic dictionary Slavic Antiquities, whose main purpose is a reconstruction of old Slavic culture aided by the linguistic method of study of folk culture, i.e. the study of verbal expressions for a number of cultural phenomena (lexical and phraseological items).
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Sukarno, Sukarno. „POLITENESS STRATEGIES, LINGUISTIC MARKERS AND SOCIAL CONTEXTS IN DELIVERING REQUESTS IN JAVANESE“. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 7, Nr. 3 (31.01.2018): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v7i3.9816.
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Delivering request is not only influenced by linguistic factors, but also by socio-cultural factors. Some studies have reported the interaction between linguistic and socio-cultural factors in delivering requests in many different languages. However, this issue is rarely explored in Javanese (language). The aim of this study is to investigate the politeness strategies, the linguistic markers, and the social contexts commonly used to deliver requests in Javanese. The data were collected and sorted from the conversations among the Javanese people in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, when making speech acts to deliver requests. Having been sorted, the data were analysed using deconstructive method to reveal the linguistic markers commonly used by the Javanese speakers to deliver requests and the social-cultural backgrounds which influence the choice of the politeness strategies. This research shows that (1) there are four types (most direct, direct, less direct, and indirect) of politeness strategies in Javanese, (2) there are four linguistic devices (sentence moods, speech levels, passive voice, and supposition/condition) as the markers of the politeness strategies and (3) the choices of the levels are strongly influenced by the social contexts (social distance, age, social status or power, and the size of imposition) among the tenors. The appropriate strategies of delivering requests in Javanese will make the communication among the interlocutors run harmoniously.
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Chang, Bok-Myung. „The Effects of Cross-Cultural Distance Learning Model on the Linguistic and Affective Domain of EFL Learners in Korea“. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 10, Nr. 3 (Juli 2018): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2018070107.
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This article is based on a Cross-Cultural Distance Learning (CCDL) model between university students in Korea and Japan during the 1st semester of 2016 and this lesson model consists of synchronous and asynchronous CMC activities focusing on the interactions between non-native speakers of English. This article shows that EFL learners in Korea can develop English language proficiency through this lesson model. The learners' development of English language proficiency was evaluated by using the TOEIC test as a proficiency test form. Also, this article proves that these kinds of CMC activities can motivate EFL learners to enhance cultural awareness for foreign countries and practice English inside and outside of the classroom. The questionnaire was used to survey the students' cultural awareness and attitude for this model at the final session of the semester.
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Liu, Yongzhi, und Chunlan Tang. „Translation of visual poetic spatiality“. APTIF 9 - Reality vs. Illusion 66, Nr. 4-5 (20.10.2020): 796–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00185.liu.
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Abstract Spatiality in literature has been explored in depth in recent years, but there are still few applications in literary translation studies. With space cognitively defined and the trichotomy of iconic signs adopted, we argue that the written text of a poem has its visual poetic spaces – the scene properties of linguistic signs (letters, character parts, words, lineation etc.) and relational reference of linguistic signs (distance, sequence etc.) – and that these poetic spaces are imagically and diagrammatically iconic. Our analysis of the English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation of poems’ iconic letters, lineation, distance, and sequence reveals that some translators have successfully reproduced the source text’s visual spatiality in the target text, but some have simply ignored or neglected the rendering; visual poetic spaces are semantically important and translatable, and the translation techniques involve direct reproduction and complementary renderings. We argue that, in addition to portraying the linguistic and cultural information found in poems, translators should pay more attention to visual poetic spatiality in their work in order to ensure an accurate portrayal of the original author’s work.
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Waniek-Klimczak, Ewa. „Sociolinguistic Conditioning of Phonetic Category Realisation in Non-Native Speech“. Research in Language 7 (23.12.2009): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-009-0010-9.
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The realisation of phonetic categories reflects a complex relationship between individual phonetic parameters and both linguistic and extra-linguistic conditioning of language usage. The present paper investigates the effect of selected socio-linguistic variables, such as the age, the amount of language use and cultural/social distance in English used by Polish immigrants to the U.S. Individual parameters used in the realisation of the category ‘voice’ have been found to vary in their sensitivity to extra-linguistic factors: while the production of target-like values of all parameters is related to the age, it is the closure duration that is most stable in the correspondence to the age and level of language proficiency. The VOT and vowel duration, on the other hand, prove to be more sensitive to the amount of language use and attitudinal factors.
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Kataeva, Almaziya G., und Sergei D. Kataev. „THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DISTANCE, PART-TIME AND FULL-TIME COURSES“. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education, Nr. 3 (2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2020-3-41-50.
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The modern development of society determines the forms and content of the process of teaching foreign languages. The quantity and quality of information in the field of mastering a foreign language is constantly growing as a means of sociocultural, linguistic and cultural and professional development of an individual. A foreign language is currently considered as an integral part of intercultural communication in various fields of objective reality and the development of a culture of interethnic communication. In the process of teaching a foreign language, technologies are becoming increasingly important which makes it possible to achieve the required level of communicative competence in speaking and writing in a shorter time frame and to recreate a virtual spatial temporal communication environment with native speakers. In this regard, the form of distance learning can be more and more prospective, being psychologically more comfortable for students and teachers; many of its elements can be integrated into other forms of training. The article exposes certain information technologies, the use of which increases the effectiveness of teaching a foreign language in distance, part-time and full-time courses. On the example of specific interactive multimedia Internet resources in the field of learning the German language, the urgent importance of using computerized teaching methods for acquiring and enhancing pronunciation, lexical and grammatical skills and knowledge with the aim of forming linguistic and cultural and professional competence of students is emphasized. At the same time, the article highlights importance of non-verbal forms of communication for achieving the desired effect of verbal communication, while relying on relevant audiovisual Internet resources.
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Lai, Huei-ling. „Collocation analysis of news discourse and its ideological implications“. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 29, Nr. 4 (21.08.2019): 545–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17028.lai.
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Abstract This study investigates the use of an ethnic term in news discourse from linguistic, discursive, and social-cultural aspects. A more rigorous computational procedure than hitherto used is employed to measure the collocational strength of collocates in news corpora. The results indicate diversified distributions of the collocates regarding their frequency, distance, and semantic connections. The findings enhance the meaning specificity of the term by revealing the characterized reference of this ethnic group, the trends in the choice of news topics, and the ideological representation of this ethnic group in a wider social-cultural context. The findings deepen an understanding of news discourse as the representations of the minority ethnicity in the news media are analyzed through three layers – the linguistic, the discursive, and the social-cultural context. A more precise method of analyzing news texts uncovers ideological effects brought about by media, in turn implying different construal of newsworthiness in news discourse.
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Calderón Almendros, Ignacio, Olga Cruz Moya und María Teresa Rascón Gómez. „Aproximación al fracaso escolar de alumnado en desventaja desde el análisis crítico del discurso“. education policy analysis archives 27 (06.05.2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3538.
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This article arises from a biographical qualitative approach with students in situation of socio-cultural disadvantage who suffer academic failure. Its aim is to explore the language used by these children from the perspective of critical discourse analysis, as well as to analyze the linguistic strategies chosen in representing social actors and actions, and linguistic-discursive features. In addition, speakers create a more strengthened discourse of their own group from a semiotic perspective, as opposed to the hierarchy and depersonalization in their relationships with the educational institutions. The distance between the language of school requests and the language they use within their primary groups favors failure and isolation.
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Weller, Shane. „For a migrant art: Samuel Beckett and cultural nationalism“. Journal of European Studies 48, Nr. 2 (16.04.2018): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244118767822.
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This essay charts Samuel Beckett’s linguistic migration from English to French at the end of the Second World War, locating this within the context of other twentieth-century literary migrations. It then proceeds to identify some of the principal ways in which Beckett seeks to resist forms of cultural nationalism (Irish, French and German). The distance that Beckett takes from these European forms of cultural nationalism is reflected not only in the migrant status of his characters, but also in the way in which he deploys national-cultural references. The essay argues that Beckett’s aim in this respect bears comparison with that of the ‘good European’ as defined by Nietzsche. An important difference, however, is that in Beckett’s case the emphasis falls not upon cosmopolitanism but rather upon a perpetual migrancy that is captured above all in his movement between languages.
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Roth-Gordon, Jennifer, Jessica Harris und Stephanie Zamora. „Producing white comfort through “corporate cool”: Linguistic appropriation, social media, and @BrandsSayingBae“. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2020, Nr. 265 (25.09.2020): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-2105.
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AbstractDrawing on branded tweets that linguistically appropriate slang, African American Language, and hip hop lyrics, this article examines how corporations rework black culture to create “corporate cool” as part of their advertising strategy on social media. We examine three processes that corporations engage in to associate themselves with “coolness” while managing levels of racial contact and proximity for their audience: 1) racially ambiguous voicing, 2) “bleaching” black bodies out of images, and 3) the forging of “racially tinged” intertextual connections. While previous scholarship has analyzed how acts of cultural and linguistic appropriation reap profit for white people and continue to stigmatize already racially marginalized groups, we describe how these seemingly innocent cultural and linguistic references harness a corporately constructed black cool to produce a sense of white comfort. We argue that white comfort is generated not only through the avoidance of overt references to racial conflict, as the term “white fragility” suggests, but also through well-worn, familiar, and comfortable reminders of racial difference and domination that are offered at a safe distance from actual black people and contexts of racial violence.
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Asatrian, Garnik, und Gohar Hakobian. „On *-d- > -l- and *-š- > -l- in Western New Iranian“. Iran and the Caucasus 22, Nr. 3 (25.09.2018): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20180307.
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The *-d- > -l- and *-š- > -l- changes in New Iranian are usually regarded as Eastern Iranian phonetic features. However, a thorough study of the Western New Iranian lexicon, particularly that of the dialects located geographically at a great distance from Eastern Iranian linguistic domain, unveiled a considerable number of lexemes, definitely genuine forms, with the same characteristics. The paper presents a comprehensive corpus of all lexical units in WNIran. in which these phonetic peculiarities are manifested.
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Kopczyk, Michał. „Hermeneutyka pamięci. O Domu z dwiema wieżami Macieja Zaremby Bielawskiego“. Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze, Nr. 17 (2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsl.2020.17.03.
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This article concerns an autobiographical narrative written by a Polish-Swedish writer and journalist Maciej Zaremba Bielawski (born in 1951). It focuses on the process of translating concepts and categories related to the Polish realities into the language and system of concepts that are comprehensive to Swedish readers. This process occurs at three levels: linguistic (Polish versus Swedish), cultural (realities related to the Polish, Swedish and Jewish cultures), and identity (a narrator who identifies himself with three cultures, though to a different degree and in different ways). The narrator lives in a few cultural and linguistic spaces, distancing himself from each of them. Keeping the distance allows him to focus on himself and to practice self-reflection (the main motivation for writing the book in question). It also instigates a process that is not only self-cognitive but also self-therapeutic for the writer.
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Ivanova, Irina B., und Sargylana E. Noeva (Karmanova). „National cultural specificity of the concepts "Center" and "Periphery" in the Yakut Language“. NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, Nr. 3 (2019): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-3-120-129.
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The article describes the national cultural specificity of the system of length measures in the Yakut language, both physical and figurative. The issue under study is transformation of the imaginary space model and its evolution in the national worldview. On the basis of mythological and folklore sources, historical and cultural ideas and linguistic material of the Sakha people peculiarities of defining close and far worlds, short vs. long distances involved in the representations of the concepts “center” and “periphery” are discussed. The object of the study was the two segments of the Yakut world: the close (familiar) space of tyelbe (it is mastered, explored and exploited), embracing the topological reality of the tiergen ‘yard’ (house’s, yurta’s, urasa’s), hay fields, hunting grounds, on one hand, and undeveloped Yakut alien distant world, a dark forest, sandy deserts, marshlands, cemeteries, abandoned houses, gorges, caves, on the other. These two segments represent their completely different characteristics as well as different ways of measuring space and time, length or distance. Special attention is paid to the specificity of their cultural and linguistic modifications, reflecting the complex history of relations between man and the world mastered by him. These illustrate the evolution of human landscape consciousness, its development from natural geographic realities to socio-cultural ones, including sacral space objects. In addition to the actual geographic reality, in terms of this study, the concepts of surreal space are considered – Etүgen terde, Nyүken tygege, Olүү cherkechyeh, mythological images of the distant dark periphery – mainly denoting demonic territories. The purpose of the study being to propose a new approach to describing man -- world relationship, predetermines the interdisciplinary nature of the article, which clearly outlines a wide range of issues of modern Yakut scholar ethnolinguistics, geo-poetics, ethno-cognitive science, folk culture, etc.
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Williams, Kinga. „Kultūrų skirtumai ir kaip tai išgyventi“. Informacijos mokslai 45 (01.01.2008): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2008.0.3380.
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Straipsnyje atskleidžiama kultūros sąvoka, aptariami esminiai apibrėžimai (tikėjimas, vertybės, normos, požiūriai, siekiniai, taisyklės), taip pat nusakomos susijusios sąvokos, tokios kaip kultūrų atsiribojimai (Furnham & Bochner 1982), taisyklių – klaidingų interpretacijų kategorijos Fallacy (Williams, 2007), kultūros slopinamos funkcijos (e.g. Greenberg et al 1997), jų tarpusavio ryšiai.Kultūrų skirtumai analizuojami taikant universalumo / reliatyvumo (Salzman, 2006), preskriptyvumo / deskriptyvumo (Williams, 2006) ir tradicinės / vietos psichologijos (Allwood, 2006) požiūrius.Pranešime taip pat pateikiamos tam tikros analogijos su Noam Chomsky (1957, 1986) pateikiamais lingvistiniais konceptais (kompetencija / spektaklis, giluminės / paviršiaus struktūros, lingvistinės bendrybės).Pabaigoje, vartojant kultūrą kaip daugiakultūrę slopinimo sampratą, teigiama, kad egzistuoja bendras kultūros (-ų) pagrindas.Cultural diversity and how to survive itKinga Williams SummaryThe article first explores the ingredients of a working definition of culture (beliefs, values, norms, attitudes, intentions, rules, schemata), then attempts to map out the relationship among key-concepts like Culture-Distance (Furnham, Bochner, 1982), the Rule-Category Substitution Fallacy (Williams, 2007), and culture’s buffer-function (e.g., Greenberg et al., 1997). Cultural Diversity is examined from the points of view of Universalism/Relativism (Salzman, 2006), Prescriptivism/Descriptivism (Williams, 2006), and that of Traditional/Indigenous psychologies (Allwood, 2006). Working analogies with some of Noam Chomsky’s (1957, 1986) linguistic concepts (competence/performance, deep/surface structures, linguistic universals) are discussed. Finally, a need for a multi-cultural buffer is confirmed, and the potentiality for the existence of enough common ground for such is tentatively concluded.Key words: culture-distance, beliefs, values, norms, rules, cultural relativism/span>
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Kholodkova, Marina V., Zhanna I. Zherebtsova und Tatiana А. Dyakova. „Implementation of game technologies in distance learning of Russian as a foreign language“. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, Nr. 190 (2021): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-190-79-89.
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The possibilities of implementing game technologies for distance learning of Russian as a foreign language using online services are considered. The relevance of the work is due to the development of education digitalization and the high didactic potential of gaming. The purpose of this study is to formulate guidelines for the selection of Web 2.0 services for the implementation of gaming technologies aimed at the development of linguistic, communicative, linguistic-cultural competences of foreign students in the course of distance learning of their Russian language. The study analyzed the techniques and methods of using online game tasks in teaching Russian as a foreign language from the standpoint of the following features: methodic tasks, distance learning format, the number of players, the presence of automatic verification of answers, the nature of the choice, the presence of a creative component, the possibility of instant switching of the game template within one content, translation features. It is concluded that many traditional game tech-niques that have become habitual in face-to-face work can be applied in distance learning. Online tools make it possible to organize manipulative play activities, team play, and communication in a digital environment in a form that is fun for students. The results of this study are essential both for understanding the methodoic features of the organizing distance learning process in general, and for the effective use of gaming technologies when teaching Russian to foreigners.
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McCoy, Mark D., Caroline Cervera, Mara A. Mulrooney, Andrew McAlister und Patrick V. Kirch. „Obsidian and volcanic glass artifact evidence for long-distance voyaging to the Polynesian Outlier island of Tikopia“. Quaternary Research 98 (10.06.2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.38.
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AbstractReconstructing routes of ancient long-distance voyaging, long a topic of speculation, has become possible thanks to advances in the geochemical sourcing of archaeological artifacts. Of particular interest are islands classified as Polynesian Outliers, where people speak Polynesian languages and have distinctly Polynesian cultural traits, but are located within the Melanesian or Micronesian cultural areas. While the classification of these groups as Polynesian is not in dispute, the material evidence for the movement between Polynesia and the Polynesian Outliers is exceedingly rare, unconfirmed, and in most cases, nonexistent. We report on the first comprehensive sourcing (using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) of obsidian and volcanic glass artifacts recovered from excavations on the Polynesian Outlier island of Tikopia. We find evidence for: (1) initial settlement followed by continued voyages between Tikopia and an island Melanesian homeland; (2) long-distance voyaging becoming much less frequent and continuing to decline; and (3) later voyaging from Polynesia marked by imports of volcanic glass from Tonga beginning at 765 cal yr BP (±54 yr). Later long-distance voyages from Polynesia were surprisingly rare, given the strong cultural and linguistic influences of Polynesia, and we suggest, may indicate that Tikopia was targeted by Tongans for political expansion.
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Likholetova, O. R. „THE CONCEPT OF “間 MA” AND ITS VERBALIZATION IN JAPANESE“. Philology at MGIMO 19, Nr. 3 (03.10.2019): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-3-19-92-99.
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The subject of the article is “間 ma” − one of the main concepts of the Japanese culture and its verbalization in Japanese.Success in communication between representatives of different cultures is largely determined by the way they perceive spatial and temporal categories. Being culture-significant units, they play a special role in the process of speech communication.Dualistic spatial-temporal nature of “間 ma” concept, its abstractedness, spatial and temporal uncertainty makes its adaptation to Western categories difficult, but correlate to the fundamental concept of emptiness in Buddhist metaphysics.In the Japanese society an optimal relationship between an individual and the world around is being built on the basis of the “間 ma” concept. It becomes relevant in all spheres of Japanese cultural field: architecture, pictorial art, calligraphy, music, Japanese traditional performing arts, flower arrangement and garden design. A special attention in the article is given to the consideration of cultural and linguistic specifics of the “間 ma” concept, revealing itself in the semantics of linguistic units and largely determining the culture of Japanese verbal communication.Perception of this concept encourages shaping of culturally oriented approach to language teaching and overcoming cultural distance in communication with the Japanese.
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Gawlik-Kobylińska, Małgorzata. „Self-reported communicative distance between Polish and English in formal and informal situational contexts“. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 56, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): 605–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2020-0020.
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AbstractThis study explores the issue of communicative distance between Polish and English; its perception and conceptualization, as a function of self-reflection, are related to individual, socio-cultural and environmental, as well as linguistic factors. The aim of the article is to prove that the communicative distance is different while speaking Polish (L1) and English (L2). It was assumed that on the basis of an interlocutor’s self-reported observation and evaluation of verbal and nonverbal cues, it is possible to prove the existence of communicative distance. The research results revealed that in formal English conversations, distance was perceived as shorter than in formal Polish conversations, but in informal conversations, there were no significant differences. Due to gradual language development and absorption of English words into Polish, the study relies on a retrospective data analysis to find out the possible changes in communicative distance perception. The data was retrieved from a series of two surveys conducted in 2008 (n = 150) and 2016 (n = 150) among Poles who use English as a second language.
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Hysa, Eglantina. „Impact of Cultural Diversity on Western Balkan Countries’ Performance“. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7, Nr. 1 (18.05.2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/292.
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In 2005 the relations of EU and Western Balkan countries were passed from “External Relations” to “Enlargement” policy. As WB countries make steps forward in the future membership of the EU, the diversity in society within the WB is expected to further increase. The aim of this paper is to find out the relationship between cultural diversity and ethnic fractionalization from one side and governance, competitiveness and human development from the other side. The paper opted to explore the ethnic diversity within the Western Balkan countries based on the latest data of census for each country and on the Distance Adjusted Ethno-Linguistic Fractionalization Index proposed by Kolo (2012). Furthermore, it compared the economic performance of these countries with the indicators of the ethnic diversity. Even though the literature argues that cultural diversity has negative impact on countries’ performance, the study finds out that highly homogenous societies in WB are no more prone to good governance, global competitiveness and human development than highly heterogeneous societies within the region. In other words, countries with lower fractionalization index (such as Kosovo and Serbia) do not show a significantly higher performance than countries with higher fractionalization index (such as Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). To sum up, the influence of regional geographic distance seems to be much more significant compared to cultural diversity because the economic capacity and performance of WB countries are found to be positive but still modest. The Western Balkan countries are having a considerable mixture of ethnicities, languages and religions. These varieties can push this group of countries to have a consensus among them in the economic aspects or to increase the gap among each other.
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Almegren, Rehan. „Speech Act of Greeting for American Native Speakers of English and Saudi Native Speakers of Arabic: A Comparative Study“. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, Nr. 7 (10.10.2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.7p.243.
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This study focuses on comparing the speech acts of native Arabic speakers of Saudi region and English speakers of America, which help depict the impact of the variables involved, namely status, setting, social distance and situation formality. This paper makes a significant contribution for future researchers, as it is of help to researchers in the speech act area specifically in terms of Saudi Arabic and American English. It will be also of help to those learning Arabic or English and those who teach it in these two countries. Thus, the outcome of this research will contribute to depict the differences and the similarities in the use of greeting strategies between two different groups of respondents from diverse linguistic and cultural domains. Data was collected using the discourse completion test (DCT), developed by Cohen, Olshtain & Rosenstien (1985). Fifty female respondents within the age group of 20-25 years were selected from each group to participate in research procedures. Although the inclusion of male respondents would have made the process complex, it would have provided with comparatively more accurate outcomes if managed properly. The findings showed that linguistic and cultural differences, variables of social distance, social status, settings and situation formality greatly influenced the decision-making of Saudi Native Speakers of Arabic and American Native Speakers of English, pertaining to their usage of greeting strategies as part of their speech acts. For example, differences can be observed between these two speakers in terms of their greeting strategies; American English speakers attach less significance to social and physical distance and hierarchy compared to Saudi Arabic speakers. Similarly, both the groups attach almost equal importance to their initiation words when greeting others. These differences and similarities help determine social status and the relationship between speakers.
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Gökçe, Semirhan, Giray Berberoğlu, Craig S. Wells und Stephen G. Sireci. „Linguistic Distance and Translation Differential Item Functioning on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Mathematics Assessment Items“. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 39, Nr. 6 (16.04.2021): 728–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07342829211010537.
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The 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) involved 57 countries and 43 different languages to assess students’ achievement in mathematics and science. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether items and test scores are affected as the differences between language families and cultures increase. Using differential item functioning (DIF) procedures, we compared the consistency of students’ performance across three combinations of languages and countries: (a) same language but different countries, (b) same countries but different languages, and (c) different languages and different countries. The analyses consisted of the detection of the number of DIF items for all paired comparisons within each condition, the direction of DIF, the magnitude of DIF, and the differences between test characteristic curves. As the countries were more distant with respect to cultures and language families, the presence of DIF increased. The magnitude of DIF was greatest when both language and country differed, and smallest when the languages were same, but the countries were different. Results suggest that when TIMSS results are compared across countries, the language- and country-specific differences which could reflect cultural, curriculum, or other differences should be considered.
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Bufetova, A. N., und E. A. Kolomak. „National heterogeneity in the Russian regions: Assessment, change, impact on economic development“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 1 (12.01.2021): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-1-120-142.
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The paper provides quantitative estimates of national heterogeneity in the Russian regions, using indices of fractionalization and polarization, taking into account the linguistic distance between groups. The results showed that national heterogeneity in the period between the last population censuses in Russia as a whole did not increase, but there was a different and active dynamics in the regions. The content of the national structure in the country changed in the direction of bigger cultural distances between ethnic groups. Regression analysis of the relationship between national heterogeneity and output, budget expenditures, and crime rates showed more significant positive dependencies on the fractionalization index compared to negative correlations with the polarization index. In the situation of a relatively stable institutional environment in the country, national heterogeneity showed more active positive effects, while the potential for negative effects inherent in a polarized society did not find a sufficient basis to be realized.
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Levina, Vera, Svetlana Zubanova und Andrey Ivanov. „Axiological linguistics and teaching of Russian as a foreign language in the context of distance learning against the backdrop of the pandemic“. XLinguae 14, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.01.17.
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The study examines the adaptation of foreigners to cultural values when learning the Russian language. The study defines axiology and the axiological sphere, focuses on the axiological component in the linguistic picture of the world, considers the role of a foreign language as a tool for the axiological background development. The relevance of the axiological approach to teaching the Russian for Foreigners course to foreign students in the context of both distance and blended learning is considered with due regard to the relevance of this type of education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research took place at the Institute of Foreign Languages, Foreign languages department I-11, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), and the Department of the Russian Language No. 1, Peoples Friendship University of Russia. A descriptive method and the method of interpretation analysis have been applied. The methods of linguistic integration of students into the Russian sociocultural environment have also been applied. The results were tracked based on monitoring and testing technologies, information and computer technologies, and the analysis of the educational activity. The capabilities of the Moodle platform were also used; the axiological phraseology tasks were created in the Hot Potatoes program. The experiment was carried out during 6 months of 2017/2018 and 2018/19 preparation courses. A total of 260 students were involved in the experiment; a control group of 150 students was formed. An approach to studying Russian as a foreign language focused on introducing the values to foreign students and teaching them the cultural characteristics of Russia has been developed. The analysis of the development of language and cultural skills of foreign students in the control and experimental groups showed that at the final stage of the experiment, 47% of students in the experimental group had a high level of competence; in the control group, the indicator was 21%. Teachers of foreign languages, administrations of higher educational institutions, and language schools should familiarize themselves with the research
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Tubadji, Annie, und Peter Nijkamp. „Revisiting the Balassa–Samuelson effect: International tourism and cultural proximity“. Tourism Economics 24, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2018): 915–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618781468.
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This article focuses on a neglected part of the well-known Balassa–Samuelson (B-S) effect in international trade, namely, the specific role of tourism in equilibrating the purchasing power parities across areas. The article aims to highlight in particular the cultural bias in destination choice by foreign tourists and its importance as a barrier for eradicating economic inequality between countries. We consider international tourism here as a mixed type of tradable service that leads to – short-time, but potentially massive – cross-border movements of people that can impact income redistribution among countries. Our claim is that this short-time movement is positively biased towards culturally closer localities. The recognition of this role of cultural proximity in the tourist choice destination can help fine-tune empirical models of international goods or services to reality. To test our hypothesis, a unique big data set for the EU28 and all the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (4031 observations on the shares of outbound tourists per country) is composed for the year 2014. We use data from the UN World Tourism Organization, Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII, Paris; especially on linguistic proximity), and the six well-known Hofstede indices of cultural dimension: individualism, power–distance relationship, masculinity, uncertainty, indulgence and long-term orientation. To fully specify our tourist destination model, we include also climate-related explanatory variables, reflecting sun, rain and wind differences between sending and recipient countries. Regression analysis with fixed effects and a hierarchical (multilevel) model both lead to consistent empirical estimates. Our results clearly demonstrate that tourism is a significant counter-balancing factor for the B-S effect that seems to be present and related to non-trade sectors and wages across the countries involved. Moreover, we find that linguistic proximity is statistically and economically the most powerful quantitative proxy for cultural factors, which determine the outbound tourists’ destination choice.
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Abalkheel, Albatool Mohammed. „How to Address Your Instructor: An Analysis of Classroom Discourse at Saudi Arabian Universities“. Studies in English Language Teaching 8, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): p122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v8n4p122.
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Hofstede’s (1986) concept of national culture includes the key dimension of how power distance affects interactions between interlocutors on all levels and settings of a society, including that of the university. An examination of such interactions, including the expected linguistic behaviors of instructors and students, is quite useful, because cultural values and the archetypal roles of instructors and their students tend to shed light on the relationships and general atmosphere of not just the higher education setting, but also of the society as a whole. In the large power distance culture of Saudi Arabia, this concept is examined through an analysis of the different address terms students use in classroom discourse to address their instructors. Since the use of titles is related to classroom interaction, it is affected by power distance. This study investigates and analyzes the discourse of the classroom in Saudi universities to identify titles and address terms used in student-instructor communications. The research found that the terms students employ with instructors include social and academic terms; whereas first and last names were usually avoided. Effects of potential factors are explained in terms of Hofstede’s (1986) concept of power distance.
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Talukder, Barnali. „Matijaner Meyera in Translation: Cultural Identity Construction Through Untranslatability of Language“. Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, Nr. 6 (31.12.2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.6p.36.
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The concepts of language and cultural identity of a speaker are entwined as they complement each other. However, translation poses a challenge to the identity language predominantly constructs. Therefore, translatable elements of language get the stage of universality while the untranslatable-s essentially bring forth the culture they are descended from. In this study, a short story collection from Bangladesh, Matijaner Meyera, where there is a celebration of diverse branches of Bengali language, has been brought to light to show how untranslatability of a number of culture-oriented vocabularies vibrantly tells about Bengali culture. The primary resource includes a lot many culture-oriented vocabularies as well as few phrases that English, as a language, cannot accommodate in it. Inability of other languages to penetrate such culture-rooted belongings of Bengali language showcases the power a language retains to protect itself from any invading force. This study has argued in favor of the untranslatable base of Bengali that English, due to cultural distance, cannot embrace linguistically. Therefore, such cultural difference eventually develops a distinct linguistic identity of Bengali through untranslatability that this study has attempted to divulge.
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Frye, Barbara. „The Process of Health Care Decision Making among Cambodian Immigrant Women“. International Quarterly of Community Health Education 10, Nr. 2 (Juli 1989): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l2n6-4hwj-378k-y93d.
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This qualitative study examined the congruence between health beliefs and behavior as reported by thirty Cambodian (Khmer) refugee women in Southern California. Utilizing in-home interviewing in the Khmer language, data were gathered on 226 illness episodes occurring among 157 family members tracked over an eight-month span. Informants reported a strong maternal role in health care decision making with all ages of children. Adult decision making demonstrated an individualistic pattern. Causes of illness were attributed primarily to humoral imbalances and illness avoidance behavior reflected these beliefs. Treatment was a blend of scientific and traditional medicine. Health care was accessed in settings of linguistic and cultural comfort regardless of distance. Disease prevention was linked to adequate food quantity. Chronic degenerative disease, stress, and reproductive complications were reported frequently. The adolescents and women appeared to be at high risk for cultural stress.
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Sorenson, Kaitlyn Tucker. „‘Dionysian Socialism?’: The Korčula Summer School as Kurort of the New Left“. Forum for Modern Language Studies 55, Nr. 4 (30.09.2019): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqz033.
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Abstract This article explores and analyses several remarkable parallels between two unique cultural spaces, namely, that of the Korčula Summer School and that of the Kurorte – the Grand Spas of Central Europe. Though distinct from one another with respect to their historical as well as topographical locations within Europe, it is as cultural spaces that the two share their least apparent – but perhaps most significant – points of affinity. Just as Baden-Baden had served as the ‘summer capital of Europe’ for one set of cultural elites across political, linguistic and national boundaries, so did Korčula offer a space for cultural and intellectual exchange for philosophers from both sides of the Cold War. The article demonstrates how both of these spaces were marked by their shared internationalism, their political engagement, their privilege, their respective distance from daily social orders, and their intellectual intensity. Thus, it is suggested that Central-European Kurort culture – commonly considered a belle-époque phenomenon – did indeed survive the Great Wars, and found new expressions in a post-war, socialist context.
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Shelyapina, I. I. „Effective Methods of Working with Publicistic Text in the Course of Preparing Students for the State Final Certification in the Russian Language“. Prepodavatel XXI vek, Nr. 3, 2020 (2020): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-3-125-141.
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The article introduces the reader to the tools of axiological lingua-methodology, which allows including preparation for the state final certification in the purposeful, rich in approaches and methods process of studying Russian as a national cultural phenomenon. The aim of the study is to describe effective methods of working with the journalistic text in the 11th grade Russian lesson “Filling the future with meaning...”. The choice of theoretical and experimental methods of research is connected with the tasks of systematization and classification of tasks used in the lesson; modeling of the educational process on the basis of the modern methodical tool — linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text; estimation of actions of understanding of the publicist text. The author of article asserts efficiency of inclusion of high school students in different kinds of activity (work with dictionaries and reference books; linguistic and cultural characteristic of the publicist text; writing of the publicist text on the set parameters; expressive public utterance of the publicist text with the purpose of attraction of attention etc.) on the basis of unified scenario lesson construction. Connection of a theme of a lesson with the future professional activity of pupils provides involvement of high school students in educational process, subjective experience of the contents of the publicist text and dialogue with their authors. The novelty of the research is to describe the motivating role of the journalistic text in teaching Russian in high school. The theoretical significance of the research is to describe effective ways of activity that allow modeling educational situations in the Russian language lesson with the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text. The practical significance of the article is that the main provisions of the research can be widely applied in school practice in the context of the introduction of the Federal state educational standard of secondary General education in preparation for the state final certification. The presented tools are also adapted for distance learning.
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Yerbulatova, Ilmira Kanatovna, Gelinya Khajretdinovna Gilazetdinova und Aigul Galimzhanovna Bozbayeva. „Peculiarities of Kazakh Reality Translation with Cultural-Historical Educational Components“. International Journal of Higher Education 8, Nr. 8 (23.12.2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n8p51.
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The development of intercultural relations and the globalization of multicultural civilization gives rise to the need for educational study the elements found in the language of each nation, not only in the national-cultural aspect but also in comparative translation. At the present stage of translation educational study development, special attention is paid to the issues of the national and historical specifics of the original work preservation and transmission in the process of translation into the language of another culture. This article discusses the linguistic realities and their role in the national and historical identity reflection of a different culture, presented in the context of a work of art. As the result of the study, the methods of Kazakh historical reality transmission are analyzed, and the specifics of their translation into Russian is described on the basis of the works of Kazakh writer Dukenbai Doszhan (XX century). The article highlights the sign of the “dual nature” of historical realities in archaized texts of fiction, on which the choice of a translation solution depends. The main results and conclusions of the study presented in this article show that the distance in time and space separating the source text from the text of translation inevitably leads to national-cultural biases, which should be taken into account during a text translation that must be adequate to the original text.
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Zhang, Hong, und Brian Hok-Shing Chan. „Translanguaging in multimodal Macao posters: Flexible versus separate multilingualism“. International Journal of Bilingualism 21, Nr. 1 (27.07.2016): 34–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006915594691.
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Aims: This paper suggests a framework of separate and flexible multilingualism to describe multilingual phenomena in Macao. The aims are to capture both conventional and creative language practice and to explore what exactly is the state of multilingualism in modern Macao under the context of globalization, and more specifically how we can capture variation in multilingual practice. Methodology: The objectives are achieved by analyzing the interplay and distance between languages in multilingual texts, focusing on the multimodality and intertextuality of the texts. Data and analysis: The database is a collection of 300 posters for cultural and entertainment events in Macao. The distance of languages is analyzed at the unit level in multimodal texts; separate and flexible multilingualism are exemplified and further elaborated. Conclusions: Multilingualism in Macao is mainly characterized by separate multilingualism, where different languages are demarcated clearly. However, Macao is undergoing a significant process of globalization, accompanied by a huge flow of people, and concomitantly flexible multilingualism is emergent and coexistent with separate multilingualism. Flexible multilingualism is often manifested in translanguaging. The various practices of translanguaging are performances of creativity and they show criticality by problematizing the widely accepted essentialist conceptions on boundaries between languages and modes. Originality: This paper extends the framework of separate and flexible multilingualism to explain multilingual practice in general. We analyze multimodal data using a combined method of multimodality and multilingualism while focusing on the linguistic elements. The paper treats the posters as a special and less studied type of linguistic landscape in Macao, and it provides an original and realistic interpretation of the written multilingual linguistic landscape in a unique Chinese city. Significance: This paper provides a new way of understanding multilingualism; translanguaging is broadened to account for written data. Multilingualism can be understood better by observing language-related practice in multimodal texts.
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Sándor, Anna. „The present and future of Hungarian regional dialects in Slovakia“. Hungarian Studies 34, Nr. 1 (20.03.2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/044.2020.00008.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on characterizing the present day situation of Slovakia Hungarian dialects and on outlining strategy for the future based on the status quo. After a brief overview of the dialect regions and their subregions, the present situation of Slovakia Hungarian dialects is described. The situation of the dialects is dependent on their linguistic features, their distance from the standard, as well as on extralinguistic (demographic, geographic, social, economic, educational, cultural, and settlements structural) factors. The present situation of the Slovakia Hungarian dialects is discussed, along with their changes, functions, and attitudes attached to them. The paper concludes that the differences are greater between the Slovakia Hungarian vs. Hungary Hungarian dialects than among the various Slovakia Hungarian dialects.
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Sarnovska, Nataliia, und Maryna Antonivska. „ORGANIZING OF DISTANCE FOREIGN LANGUAGES TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS IN CURRENT CONDITIONS: PROBLEMS, METHODS, TECHNOLOGIES“. Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, Nr. 192 (März 2021): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-192-199-203.
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The goal of teaching a foreign language in higher educational establishments in the context of the implementation of a competence-based approach is to form students’ communicative competence, which involves not only the development of speech skills and language skills, but also the assimilation of linguistic and cultural and socio-cultural knowledge. With the onset of 2020, people realized the need and relevance of information technology and, in particular, distance learning. This led to a significant change in the education strategy, the most important feature of which is the widespread use of various information technologies. At the moment, everyone uses Internet resources to carry out their activities at a distance. At the moment, due to the current situation in the country and in the world, the relevance of distance learning has become undeniable. The specificity of teaching foreign languages reveals both general problems of distance learning, as well as characteristic only for the discipline «Foreign language». With the decrease in study time, the problem of increasing the effectiveness of teaching arose, the solution of which is being addressed by teachers of foreign languages. Naturally, this entailed analysis and revision of curricula and plans, and, as a result, the search for new approaches and techniques to optimize the learning process in new conditions. Distance learning allows to implement individual study programs for students in the study of foreign languages. The article considers distance learning, analyze its advantages and shortcomings, explore ways of its implementation in the study of foreign languages at universities and to demonstrate the role of computer technologies and Internet resources in the development of foreign language communicative competence and the students’ independent work skills forming. Distance learning is based on modern information and communication technologies of training and advanced training. Distance learning technologies can be seen as a natural stage in the evolution of the traditional education system. Thanks to technological progress, full-time and distance learning were able to integrate, complementing, and in some cases replacing each other. Thanks to the competence of teachers in this area, integration has become possible and does not harm the educational process, but, on the contrary, improves and effectively complements it.
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Jayatilleke, Buddhini Gayathri, und Charlotte Gunawardena. „Cultural perceptions of online learning: transnational faculty perspectives“. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 11, Nr. 1 (01.08.2016): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-07-2016-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how university academics from three different cultural and linguistic backgrounds perceived their own cultural context and how it influences on online learning. Design/methodology/approach The views of 30 faculty members from Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Mauritius who engaged in a six-week professional development online course were gathered through a self-reflection questionnaire, posts on an asynchronous discussion forum and personal self-reflections in journal entries. Content analysis of three asynchronous discussion forums indicated the emergence of categories and themes related to traditional culture and the impact of culture on online learning that were triangulated with questionnaire data and journal entries. Findings Cultural perceptions of Sri Lankans and Pakistanis showed similar patterns in their recognition that their cultures exhibit characteristics of high power distance, collectivism and feminine values, while there were no definite dimensional perspectives from the Mauritians. The inability to define their own cultural context using bi-polar dimensions may reflect the sociocultural context of Mauritius. While these frameworks may explain more traditional cultures like those in Sri Lanka and Pakistan, they are unlikely to be useful to define cultural characteristics when the society is diverse, multiethnic, multicultural and multilingual like Mauritius. Research limitations/implications This study was based on a small sample of participants from three ethnic origins and cannot be generalized. It has generated questions for further research. Practical implications The findings have implications for accounting for culture in designing and delivering online courses. Originality/value This study will benefit instructional designers/curriculum designers/teachers to design culturally sensitive and culturally adaptive online courses.
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Joubert, S. J. „No culture shock? Addressing the Achilles heel of modern Bible translations“. Verbum et Ecclesia 22, Nr. 2 (11.08.2001): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v22i2.650.
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Modem Bible translations are often more sensitive to the needs of their intended readers than to the right of biblical texts to be heard on their own terms as religious artefacts from the ancient Mediterranean world. Since all biblical documents linguistically embody socio-religious meanings derived from ancient Mediterranean societies, they also need to be experienced as different, even alien, by modem readers. Without an initial culture shock in encountering a Bible translation modem people are held prisoners by Western translations of the Bible. Therefore, translations should instil a new sensitivity among modem readers to the socio-cultural distance between them and the original contexts of the Bible. In order to help facilitate this historical awareness, a new generation of "value added" translations must, in creative and responsible ways, begin to provide a minimum amount of cultural information to assist modem readers in assigning legitimate meanings to the linguistic signs encapsulated on the pages of the Bible.