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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Lin – Cultures“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Lin – Cultures"
1
Koller, MR, MA Palsson, I. Manchel und BO Palsson. „Long-term culture-initiating cell expansion is dependent on frequent medium exchange combined with stromal and other accessory cell effects“. Blood 86, Nr. 5 (01.09.1995): 1784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.5.1784.bloodjournal8651784.
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Despite considerable effort, the expansion of long-term culture- initiating cells (LTC-ICs) in cultures of purified hematopoietic cells has not yet been achieved. In contrast, LTC-IC expansion has been attained in cultures of bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) using frequent medium exchange. The use of frequent medium exchange was, therefore, examined in cultures of CD34-enriched cells. In stromal- free, CD34-enriched cell cultures, medium exchange intervals ranging from 2 days to no feeding for 14 days gave similar results. Six different growth factor combinations, reported by other groups to give optimal expansion of CD34-enriched cells, were tested in comparison with the control combination of IL-3/GM-CSF/Epo/SCF. None of the combinations resulted in improved colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) expansion or LTC-IC maintenance, although two were equivalent. All stromal-free cultures resulted in loss of LTC-IC to half of input. Because of the limited effect of medium exchange and growth factor variations on CD34-enriched cell cultures, the effect of preformed stroma was next examined. Preformed stroma increased cell (3- fold), CFU-GM (5-fold), and LTC-IC (3-fold) output, but only when the medium was exchanged every other day. Under these conditions, the number of LTC-IC was maintained near input level. The lack of LTC-IC expansion in CD34-enriched cell cultures prompted experiments to examine the effect of cell purification. Parallel cultures were performed at CD34+lin- cell purities of 20%, 40%, 70%, and 95%, with each well containing exactly 4,000 CD34+lin- cells in addition to the CD34- accessory cells required to give the desired percentage. Also, MNC from the same source (approximately 2% CD34+lin-) were cultured at a concentration to give 4,000 CD34+lin- cells per well. As CD34+lin- cell purity was decreased from 95% to 2%, the output of cells, CFU-GM, and LTC-IC increased by threefold to fivefold. The loss of culture performance with purification was likely due to the removal of important accessory cells, because the levels of endogenously produced leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-6 were found to decline significantly with increasing CD34+lin- cell purity. In summary, preformed stroma abrogated the decrease in cell and CFU-GM output from cultured CD34- enriched cells and led to LTC-IC maintenance. In contrast, MNC inocula resulting in a growing stromal layer during the culture led to LTC-IC expansion (3.2-fold).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
2
Shibuya, A., K. Nagayoshi, K. Nakamura und H. Nakauchi. „Lymphokine requirement for the generation of natural killer cells from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells“. Blood 85, Nr. 12 (15.06.1995): 3538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.12.3538.bloodjournal85123538.
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We have established a cell culture system without stromal cells that allows the CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to differentiate into natural killer (NK) cells. CD34+Lin (CD3, CD16, CD56)-cells were purified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting from normal adult bone marrow (BM) and cultured for 28 days in medium supplemented with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and stem cell factor (SCF). NK (CD3-CD16-CD56+) cells were generated in a dose-dependent manner in response to SCF. NK cells originated from CD34+CD33+Lin- cells, but they were barely detectable in cultures of CD34+CD33-Lin- cells. However, on addition of IL-3, an induced differentiation of NK cells from CD34+CD33-Lin- cells was observed, although at a lower frequency. Supplementing of the cell cultures with SCF alone or both SCF and IL-3 for the first 7 days followed by IL-2 for the next 21 days is essential for production of NK cells from CD34+CD33+Lin- cells and from CD34+CD33-Lin- cells, respectively. These data provide direct evidence that NK cells arise from CD34+HPC and show the minimum lymphokine requirement for their differentiation.
3
Gallacher, Lisa, Barbara Murdoch, Dongmei M. Wu, Francis N. Karanu, Mike Keeney und Mickie Bhatia. „Isolation and characterization of human CD34−Lin− and CD34+Lin− hematopoietic stem cells using cell surface markers AC133 and CD7“. Blood 95, Nr. 9 (01.05.2000): 2813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.9.2813.009k20_2813_2820.
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Recent evidence indicates that human hematopoietic stem cell properties can be found among cells lacking CD34 and lineage commitment markers (CD34−Lin−). A major barrier in the further characterization of human CD34− stem cells is the inability to detect this population using in vitro assays because these cells only demonstrate hematopoietic activity in vivo. Using cell surface markers AC133 and CD7, subfractions were isolated within CD34−CD38−Lin− and CD34+CD38−Lin− cells derived from human cord blood. Although the majority of CD34−CD38−Lin− cells lack AC133 and express CD7, an extremely rare population of AC133+CD7− cells was identified at a frequency of 0.2%. Surprisingly, these AC133+CD7− cells were highly enriched for progenitor activity at a frequency equivalent to purified fractions of CD34+ stem cells, and they were the only subset among the CD34−CD38−Lin− population capable of giving rise to CD34+ cells in defined liquid cultures. Human cells were detected in the bone marrow of non-obese/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice 8 weeks after transplantation of ex vivo–cultured AC133+CD7− cells isolated from the CD34−CD38−Lin− population, whereas 400-fold greater numbers of the AC133−CD7− subset had no engraftment ability. These studies provide novel insights into the hierarchical relationship of the human stem cell compartment by identifying a rare population of primitive human CD34− cells that are detectable after transplantation in vivo, enriched for in vitro clonogenic capacity, and capable of differentiation into CD34+ cells.
4
Purton, Louise E., Irwin D. Bernstein und Steven J. Collins. „All-Trans Retinoic Acid Delays the Differentiation of Primitive Hematopoietic Precursors (lin−c-kit+Sca-1+) While Enhancing the Terminal Maturation of Committed Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitors“. Blood 94, Nr. 2 (15.07.1999): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.2.483.
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Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent inducer of terminal differentiation of malignant promyelocytes, but its effects on more primitive hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells are less clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ATRA on highly enriched murine hematopoietic precursor cells (lin−c-kit+Sca-1+) grown in liquid suspension culture for 28 days. ATRA initially slowed the growth of these hematopoietic precursors but prolonged and markedly enhanced their colony-forming cell production compared with the hematopoietic precursors cultured in its absence. At 7 and 14 days of culture, a substantially greater percentage of cells cultured with ATRA did not express lineage-associated antigens (55.4% at day 7 and 68.6% at day 14) and retained expression of Sca-1 (44.7% at day 7 and 79.9% at day 14) compared with cells grown in its absence (lin−cells: 31.5% at day 7 and 4% at day 14; Sca-1+: 10.4% at day 7 and 0.7% at day 14). Moreover, a marked inhibition of granulocyte production was observed in cultures continuously incubated with ATRA. Significantly, ATRA markedly prolonged and enhanced the production of transplantable colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) during 14 days of liquid suspension culture. In contrast with its effects on primitive lin−c-kit+Sca-1+hematopoietic precursors, ATRA did not exert the same effects on the more committed lin−c-kit+Sca-1−progenitor cells. Moreover, the late addition of ATRA (7 days post-culture initiation) to cultures of primitive hematopoietic precursors resulted in a marked decrease in colony-forming cell production in these cultures, which was associated with enhanced granulocyte differentiation. These observations indicate that ATRA has different effects on hematopoietic cells depending on their maturational state, preventing and/or delaying the differentiation of primitive hematopoietic precursors while enhancing the terminal differentiation of committed granulocyte/monocyte progenitors.
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Purton, Louise E., Irwin D. Bernstein und Steven J. Collins. „All-Trans Retinoic Acid Delays the Differentiation of Primitive Hematopoietic Precursors (lin−c-kit+Sca-1+) While Enhancing the Terminal Maturation of Committed Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitors“. Blood 94, Nr. 2 (15.07.1999): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.2.483.414k12_483_495.
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All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent inducer of terminal differentiation of malignant promyelocytes, but its effects on more primitive hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells are less clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ATRA on highly enriched murine hematopoietic precursor cells (lin−c-kit+Sca-1+) grown in liquid suspension culture for 28 days. ATRA initially slowed the growth of these hematopoietic precursors but prolonged and markedly enhanced their colony-forming cell production compared with the hematopoietic precursors cultured in its absence. At 7 and 14 days of culture, a substantially greater percentage of cells cultured with ATRA did not express lineage-associated antigens (55.4% at day 7 and 68.6% at day 14) and retained expression of Sca-1 (44.7% at day 7 and 79.9% at day 14) compared with cells grown in its absence (lin−cells: 31.5% at day 7 and 4% at day 14; Sca-1+: 10.4% at day 7 and 0.7% at day 14). Moreover, a marked inhibition of granulocyte production was observed in cultures continuously incubated with ATRA. Significantly, ATRA markedly prolonged and enhanced the production of transplantable colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) during 14 days of liquid suspension culture. In contrast with its effects on primitive lin−c-kit+Sca-1+hematopoietic precursors, ATRA did not exert the same effects on the more committed lin−c-kit+Sca-1−progenitor cells. Moreover, the late addition of ATRA (7 days post-culture initiation) to cultures of primitive hematopoietic precursors resulted in a marked decrease in colony-forming cell production in these cultures, which was associated with enhanced granulocyte differentiation. These observations indicate that ATRA has different effects on hematopoietic cells depending on their maturational state, preventing and/or delaying the differentiation of primitive hematopoietic precursors while enhancing the terminal differentiation of committed granulocyte/monocyte progenitors.
6
Girlich, Delphine, Liliana Mihaila, Vincent Cattoir, Frédéric Laurent, Christine Begasse, Florence David, Carole-Ann Metro und Laurent Dortet. „Evaluation of CHROMagar™ LIN-R for the Screening of Linezolid Resistant Staphylococci from Positive Blood Cultures and Nasal Swab Screening Samples“. Antibiotics 11, Nr. 3 (25.02.2022): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030313.
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The increasing number of nosocomial pathogens with resistances towards last resort antibiotics, like linezolid for gram positive bacteria, leads to a pressing need for screening and, consequently, suitable screening media. Some national guidelines on infection prevention (e.g., in Germany) have already recommended screening for linezolid-resistant bacteria, despite an accurate screening medium that was not available yet. In this study, we analyzed the performance and reliability of the first commercial chromogenic medium, CHOMagar™ LIN-R, for screening of linezolid-resistant gram-positive isolates. Thirty-four pure bacterial cultures, 18 positive blood cultures, and 358 nasal swab screening samples were tested. This medium efficiently detected linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis isolates from pure bacterial cultures and from positive blood cultures with a high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). Among the 358 nasal swab screening samples prospectively tested, 10.9% were cultured with linezolid-resistant isolates (mostly S. epidermidis). Of note, slight growth was observed for 7.5% samples with linezolid-susceptible isolates of S. epidermidis (n = 1), S. aureus (n = 1), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 4), Lactobacillus spp. (n = 3), gram negatives (n = 18). Moreover, few Candida spp. also cultured on this medium (1.4%).
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Young, JC, E. Bruno, KM Luens, S. Wu, M. Backer und LJ Murray. „Thrombopoietin stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis, myelopoiesis, and expansion of CD34+ progenitor cells from single CD34+Thy-1+Lin- primitive progenitor cells“. Blood 88, Nr. 5 (01.09.1996): 1619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.5.1619.1619.
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Abstract Thrombopoietin (TPO) or MpI ligand is known to stimulate megakaryocyte (MK) proliferation and differentiation. To identify the earliest human hematopoietic cells on which TPO acts, we cultured single CD34+Thy- 1+Lin- adult bone marrow cells in the presence of TPO alone, with TPO and interleukin-3 (IL-3), or with TPO and c-kit ligand (KL) in the presence of a murine stromal cell line (Sys1). Two distinct growth morphologies were observed: expansion of up to 200 blast cells with subsequent differentiation to large refractile CD41b+ MKs within 3 weeks or expansion to 200–10,000 blast cells, up to 25% of which expressed CD34. The latter blast cell expansions occurred over a 3- to 6-week period without obvious MK differentiation. Morphological staining, analysis of surface marker expression, and colony formation analysis revealed that these populations consisted predominantly of cells committed to the myelomonocytic lineage. The addition of IL-3 to TPO-containing cultures increased the extent of proliferation of single cells, whereas addition of KL increased the percentage of CD34+ cells among the expanding cell populations. Production of multiple colony- forming unit-MK from single CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cells in the presence of TPO was also demonstrated. In limiting dilution assays of CD34+Lin- cells, TPO was found to increase the size and frequency of cobblestone areas at 4 weeks in stromal cultures in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-6. In stroma-free cultures, TPO activated a quiescent CD34+Lin-Rhodamine 123lo subset of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells into cycle, without loss of CD34 expression. These data demonstrate that TPO acts directly on and supports division of cells more primitive than those committed to the MK lineage.
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Young, JC, E. Bruno, KM Luens, S. Wu, M. Backer und LJ Murray. „Thrombopoietin stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis, myelopoiesis, and expansion of CD34+ progenitor cells from single CD34+Thy-1+Lin- primitive progenitor cells“. Blood 88, Nr. 5 (01.09.1996): 1619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.5.1619.bloodjournal8851619.
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Thrombopoietin (TPO) or MpI ligand is known to stimulate megakaryocyte (MK) proliferation and differentiation. To identify the earliest human hematopoietic cells on which TPO acts, we cultured single CD34+Thy- 1+Lin- adult bone marrow cells in the presence of TPO alone, with TPO and interleukin-3 (IL-3), or with TPO and c-kit ligand (KL) in the presence of a murine stromal cell line (Sys1). Two distinct growth morphologies were observed: expansion of up to 200 blast cells with subsequent differentiation to large refractile CD41b+ MKs within 3 weeks or expansion to 200–10,000 blast cells, up to 25% of which expressed CD34. The latter blast cell expansions occurred over a 3- to 6-week period without obvious MK differentiation. Morphological staining, analysis of surface marker expression, and colony formation analysis revealed that these populations consisted predominantly of cells committed to the myelomonocytic lineage. The addition of IL-3 to TPO-containing cultures increased the extent of proliferation of single cells, whereas addition of KL increased the percentage of CD34+ cells among the expanding cell populations. Production of multiple colony- forming unit-MK from single CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cells in the presence of TPO was also demonstrated. In limiting dilution assays of CD34+Lin- cells, TPO was found to increase the size and frequency of cobblestone areas at 4 weeks in stromal cultures in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-6. In stroma-free cultures, TPO activated a quiescent CD34+Lin-Rhodamine 123lo subset of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells into cycle, without loss of CD34 expression. These data demonstrate that TPO acts directly on and supports division of cells more primitive than those committed to the MK lineage.
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Luens, Karin M., Marilyn A. Travis, Ben P. Chen, Beth L. Hill, Roland Scollay und Lesley J. Murray. „Thrombopoietin, kit Ligand, and flk2/flt3 Ligand Together Induce Increased Numbers of Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitors From Human CD34+Thy-1+Lin− Cells With Preserved Ability to Engraft SCID-hu Bone“. Blood 91, Nr. 4 (15.02.1998): 1206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.4.1206.
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Abstract CD34+Thy-1+Lin− cells are enriched for primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (PHP), as defined by the cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) assay, and for bone marrow (BM) repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), as defined by the in vivo SCID-hu bone assay. We evaluated the effects of different cytokine combinations on BM-derived PKH26-labeled CD34+Thy-1+Lin− cells in 6-day stroma-free cultures. Nearly all (>95%) of the CD34+Thy-1+Lin− cells divided by day 6 when cultured in thrombopoietin (TPO), c-kit ligand (KL), and flk2/flt3 ligand (FL). The resulting CD34hiPKHlo (postdivision) cell population retained a high CAFC frequency, a mean 3.2-fold increase of CAFC numbers, as well as a capacity for in vivo marrow repopulation similar to freshly isolated CD34+Thy-1+Lin− cells. Initial cell division of the majority of cells occurred between day 2 and day 4, with minimal loss of CD34 and Thy-1 expression. In contrast, cultures containing interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and leukemia inhibitory factor contained a mean of 75% of undivided cells at day 6. These CD34hi PKHhi cells retained a high frequency of CAFC, whereas the small population of CD34hiPKHlo postdivision cells contained a decreased frequency of CAFC. These data suggest that use of a combination of TPO, KL, and FL for short-term culture of CD34+Thy-1+Lin− cells increases the number of postdivision PHP, measured as CAFC, while preserving the capacity for in vivo engraftment.
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Muench, MO, MG Roncarolo, S. Menon, Y. Xu, R. Kastelein, S. Zurawski, CH Hannum, J. Culpepper, F. Lee und R. Namikawa. „FLK-2/FLT-3 ligand regulates the growth of early myeloid progenitors isolated from human fetal liver“. Blood 85, Nr. 4 (15.02.1995): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.4.963.bloodjournal854963.
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The effects of the recently identified FLK-2/FLT-3 ligand (FL) on the growth of purified human fetal liver progenitors were investigated under serum-deprived culture conditions. FL alone was found to stimulate modest proliferation in short-term cultures of CD34++ CD38+ lineage (Lin)- light-density fetal liver (LDFL) cells and the more primitive CD34++ CD38- Lin- LDFL cells. However, the low levels of growth induced by FL were insufficient for colony formation in clonal cultures. Synergism between FL and either granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) or KIT ligand (KL) was observed in promoting the growth of high-proliferative potential (HPP) colony-forming cells (CF) and/or low-proliferative potential (LPP)-CFC in cultures of CD34++ CD38+ Lin- and CD34++ CD38- Lin- LDFL- cells. FL, alone or in combination with other cytokines, was not found to affect the growth of CD34+ Lin- LDFL cells, the most mature subpopulation of fetal liver progenitors investigated. The growth of the most primitive subset of progenitors studied, CD34++ CD38- Lin- LDFL cells, required the interactions of at least two cytokines, because only very low levels of growth were observed in response to either FL, GM-CSF, IL-3 or KL alone. However, the results of delayed cytokine-addition experiments suggested that individually these cytokines did promote the survival of this early population of progenitors. Although two-factor combinations of FL, KL, and GM-CSF were observed to promote the growth of early progenitors in a synergistic manner, neither of these factors was found to make fetal liver progenitors more responsive to suboptimal concentrations of a second cytokine. Only myeloid cells were recovered from liquid cultures of CD34++ CD38- Lin- LDFL cells grown in the presence of combinations of FL, KL, and GM-CSF. These results indicate that FL is part of a network of growth factors that regulate the growth and survival of early hematopoietic progenitors.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Lin – Cultures"
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Mur, Maria-Christina <1988>. „The Circulation of Physiognomical Discourse in European Theatrical Culture, 1780-1830“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7334/1/mur_mariachristina_tesi.pdf.
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This dissertation analyses the influence and impact of the discourse on Physiognomy on European theatrical culture at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. The debate about the scientific nature of Physiognomy prompted by the work of Johann Caspar Lavater, is discussed in the theoretical and philosophical introduction. Starting from the concept that Physiognomy refers to particular signs on the face, which can be read and interpreted through a well-defined system, this dissertation looks for evidence of a knowledge and awareness of this pseudo-scientific theory among various authors of theatrical works. The methodology applied in the two analytical parts refers to the semiotics of theatre and the subdivision of its material into “performance text” and “dramatic text”. The first part discusses the influence of Physiognomy on theatrical performance. Theatre is seen as a public space and the actor stands at the centre of the performance. The acting manuals published between 1740 and 1840, offer a large amount of physiognomic and pathognomic elements, among them, the theory related to the passions and emotions comes to be of crucial importance in this analysis. In the second part, the influence of Physiognomy on the plays is analysed. This part is dedicated to a text analysis of a selected dramatic corpus of plays in French, English, Italian and German. The analyses begin by summarizing some newly developed genres, such as Melodrama, Comédie Larmoyante, Drame bourgeois, Rührstück, and Bürgerliches Trauerspiel. Physiognomy makes an appearance in many different guises: in the so-called “physiognomical portraits”, for instance, where we find animated discussions on the passions to be displayed, and also direct references to Johann Caspar Lavater and his science. The text analysis ends with a contextualization of the dramatic corpus seen within a wider artistic production of the time (portraits, caricatures, silhouettes).
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Mur, Maria-Christina <1988>. „The Circulation of Physiognomical Discourse in European Theatrical Culture, 1780-1830“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7334/.
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This dissertation analyses the influence and impact of the discourse on Physiognomy on European theatrical culture at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. The debate about the scientific nature of Physiognomy prompted by the work of Johann Caspar Lavater, is discussed in the theoretical and philosophical introduction. Starting from the concept that Physiognomy refers to particular signs on the face, which can be read and interpreted through a well-defined system, this dissertation looks for evidence of a knowledge and awareness of this pseudo-scientific theory among various authors of theatrical works. The methodology applied in the two analytical parts refers to the semiotics of theatre and the subdivision of its material into “performance text” and “dramatic text”. The first part discusses the influence of Physiognomy on theatrical performance. Theatre is seen as a public space and the actor stands at the centre of the performance. The acting manuals published between 1740 and 1840, offer a large amount of physiognomic and pathognomic elements, among them, the theory related to the passions and emotions comes to be of crucial importance in this analysis. In the second part, the influence of Physiognomy on the plays is analysed. This part is dedicated to a text analysis of a selected dramatic corpus of plays in French, English, Italian and German. The analyses begin by summarizing some newly developed genres, such as Melodrama, Comédie Larmoyante, Drame bourgeois, Rührstück, and Bürgerliches Trauerspiel. Physiognomy makes an appearance in many different guises: in the so-called “physiognomical portraits”, for instance, where we find animated discussions on the passions to be displayed, and also direct references to Johann Caspar Lavater and his science. The text analysis ends with a contextualization of the dramatic corpus seen within a wider artistic production of the time (portraits, caricatures, silhouettes).
3
Cavalcanti, Sofia <1989>. „Reading Things: Gender and Material Culture in Contemporary Indian Women's Writings in English“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9450/1/Sofia_Cavalcanti_dissertation.pdf.
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The dualism subject/object has dominated literary imagination, especially throughout the twentieth century, not only in the Western world but also in the Asian continent. However, over the last twenty years, an ontological shift in focus can be observed in the narratives produced by Indian women authors, in which the material object world, from being merely the background, becomes the structural framework of the story. Through their special interest in the domestic, contemporary Indian women authors rehabilitate the small objects and invest them with metonymic power to such an extent that they become symbols of women’s lives. My research aims at demonstrating that an object-oriented close reading of contemporary narratives by Indian women writers offers new insights into Indian women’s condition, not only from the point of view of gender discrimination but also of identity formation, both in postcolonial India and in the diaspora. The theoretical framework I use is based on Bill Brown’s “Thing Theory,” a recent approach which puts subjects and objects in relational rather than oppositional terms. The corpus of writings I have selected includes Arundhati Roy’s novel The God of Small Things (1997), Anita Nair’s novel Ladies’ Coupé (2001), Jhumpa Lahiri’s short stories “Mrs. Sen’s” and “The Third and Final Continent” (1999), and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s novel The Mistress of Spices (1997). The critical analyses of the texts demonstrate that gender is no less physical than an object. It can be materialized either through the externalization of thoughts and ideologies or through the internalization of the physical object world. Hence, the semiotic apparatus in contemporary Indian women writers’ fiction tells stories of objectification and marginalization and, consequently, constitutes significant reading matter.
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Garden, Hermann Jörn. „Biotechnological production of podophyllotoxin by linum album suspension cultures“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970145098.
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5
Gao, Wanlong, und n/a. „Recasting Lin Shu: A Cultural Approach to Literary Translation“. Griffith University. School of Languages and Linguistics, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030731.161353.
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This thesis is a re-evaluation of Lin Shu (1852-1924) and his literary translations. Lin Shu is one of Chinas most influential translators. He initiated modern literary translation in China, and his translations imported new ideas, literary concepts, styles and techniques from the West. These, in turn, influenced the emergence and development of modern Chinese literature. Nevertheless, Lin Shu and his translations have been belittled and even dismissed for various reasons over the years. The emergence and development of target/culture-oriented translation theories offer the possibility of re-assessing Lin Shu and his translations. The re-assessment of Lin Shu and his translations in this study is based on target/culture-oriented translation theories, which emerged in the 1970s. Target/culture-oriented translation theories focus on the mutual influence between a translation and its target culture, especially on the influence of a translation on the target culture and readers as a criterion for successful translation rather than examining whether the target text is faithful to the source text, as in the traditional linguistic approach. These target/culture-oriented theories can effectively explain the translational phenomenon of Lin Shu, as Lin Shu translated with the needs of the target culture and readers in mind. He attached great importance to the cultural function and influence of his translations during a period of historical transition in China. The criticisms of Lin Shu and his translations in China and elsewhere have largely been negative, often highlighting political issues - his endorsement of the constitutional Qing monarchy and his conservative attitude to the New Culture Movement - as well as his free translation method. Target/culture-oriented translation theories offer a framework for the re-assessment of Lin Shu and his translations that bypasses these narrow approaches. Adopting target/culture-oriented translation theories, this thesis examines Lin Shus translations in a trans-cultural context. Lin Shu based his translations on the needs for the Chinese culture and readers of that time, which was clearly embodied in his choice of, and response to, the originals works. The prefaces and postscripts that he wrote for his translations illustrate the new cultural and literary factors that Lin Shu introduced into China. In this respect, Lin Shus translation of La Dame aux Camelia is perhaps the most famous case study of his translation method. Through a comparative analysis of the Target Text (TT) and Source Text (ST), the thesis discusses the truthfulness of Lin Shus translation, and stresses that truthfulness lies in seeking poetic equivalence rather than formal equivalence between the target and source texts. We argue that poetic equivalence is similar to Nidas principle of correspondence, but is beyond his dynamic equivalence. It lays special stress on literary or aesthetic equivalence. Poetic equivalence in Lin Shus translations relates to the stylistic expression in Chinas literary language and is therefore intrinsic to sinicization. Lin Shus skill in classical Chinese is central to our notion of poetic equivalence. However, I argue that Lin Shus translation strategy is actually also beyond equivalence. It is primarily embodied in his constant adaptation of the original to the perceived needs of Chinese culture and the acceptability of his translations to Chinese readers. Adaptation includes omission, addition, alteration and abridgment. In terms of target/culture/reader-oriented translation theories, Lin Shus adaptations were acceptable in the cultural context of his time. In brief, this study clarifies Lin Shus contribution in introducing Western culture and literature into China. The study also stresses the cultural influence of Lins translations on modern Chinese culture and on later generation of Chinese writers and translators. This thesis concludes that Lin Shu played a role of utmost importance in the establishment and evolution of early-modern and modern Chinese translation, particularly of modern literary translation in China. Therefore, Lin Shu is the father of modern Chinese literary translation.
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Gao, Wanlong. „Recasting Lin Shu: A Cultural Approach to Literary Translation“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365284.
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This thesis is a re-evaluation of Lin Shu (1852-1924) and his literary translations. Lin Shu is one of China’s most influential translators. He initiated modern literary translation in China, and his translations imported new ideas, literary concepts, styles and techniques from the West. These, in turn, influenced the emergence and development of modern Chinese literature. Nevertheless, Lin Shu and his translations have been belittled and even dismissed for various reasons over the years. The emergence and development of target/culture-oriented translation theories offer the possibility of re-assessing Lin Shu and his translations. The re-assessment of Lin Shu and his translations in this study is based on target/culture-oriented translation theories, which emerged in the 1970s. Target/culture-oriented translation theories focus on the mutual influence between a translation and its target culture, especially on the influence of a translation on the target culture and readers as a criterion for successful translation rather than examining whether the target text is faithful to the source text, as in the traditional linguistic approach. These target/culture-oriented theories can effectively explain the translational phenomenon of Lin Shu, as Lin Shu translated with the needs of the target culture and readers in mind. He attached great importance to the cultural function and influence of his translations during a period of historical transition in China. The criticisms of Lin Shu and his translations in China and elsewhere have largely been negative, often highlighting political issues - his endorsement of the constitutional Qing monarchy and his conservative attitude to the New Culture Movement - as well as his free translation method. Target/culture-oriented translation theories offer a framework for the re-assessment of Lin Shu and his translations that bypasses these narrow approaches. Adopting target/culture-oriented translation theories, this thesis examines Lin Shu’s translations in a trans-cultural context. Lin Shu based his translations on the needs for the Chinese culture and readers of that time, which was clearly embodied in his choice of, and response to, the originals works. The prefaces and postscripts that he wrote for his translations illustrate the new cultural and literary factors that Lin Shu introduced into China. In this respect, Lin Shu’s translation of La Dame aux Camelia is perhaps the most famous case study of his translation method. Through a comparative analysis of the Target Text (TT) and Source Text (ST), the thesis discusses the ‘truthfulness’ of Lin Shu’s translation, and stresses that ‘truthfulness’ lies in seeking poetic equivalence rather than formal equivalence between the target and source texts. We argue that poetic equivalence is similar to Nida’s principle of correspondence, but is beyond his dynamic equivalence. It lays special stress on literary or aesthetic equivalence. Poetic equivalence in Lin Shu’s translations relates to the stylistic expression in China’s literary language and is therefore intrinsic to sinicization. Lin Shu’s skill in classical Chinese is central to our notion of poetic equivalence. However, I argue that Lin Shu’s translation strategy is actually also beyond equivalence. It is primarily embodied in his constant adaptation of the original to the perceived needs of Chinese culture and the acceptability of his translations to Chinese readers. Adaptation includes omission, addition, alteration and abridgment. In terms of target/culture/reader-oriented translation theories, Lin Shu’s adaptations were acceptable in the cultural context of his time. In brief, this study clarifies Lin Shu’s contribution in introducing Western culture and literature into China. The study also stresses the cultural influence of Lin’s translations on modern Chinese culture and on later generation of Chinese writers and translators. This thesis concludes that Lin Shu played a role of utmost importance in the establishment and evolution of early-modern and modern Chinese translation, particularly of modern literary translation in China. Therefore, Lin Shu is the father of modern Chinese literary translation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Languages and Linguistics
Full Text
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Olkun, Gizem <1996>. „Representing Turkish Food in US Popular Culture Before and After 9/11“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21627.
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Since the first trade voyages and colonialist campaigns to the non-European lands, representations of non-European cultures by the Western world have been constructed with the influence of Exoticism and Orientalism, which are concepts that focus on the articulated difference between the Eurocentric world and “the Other”. This articulated difference has played an important role in postcolonial studies for a long time in analysing the representations of the Other as an unfamiliar and inferior entity and gave way to the concept of “exotic sameness”, which took every non-European culture as generically exotic.
Food is considered as a cultural symbol by food scholars and food studies explores these uses of foodstuffs to reveal political and cultural meanings.
The representation of Turkish culture in the United States was influenced by the Exoticist and Orientalist perceptions before 9/11 for they focused mainly on Turkey being a generically exotic Eastern country with a mysterious culture. After 9/11 attacks, American representations started including reflections of Islamophobia in representing Turkish culture. In these representations, food is significant as a cultural symbol and this thesis explores the change in the tone of representation in US popular culture by analysing selected literary and visual materials through the lens of food studies.
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MAZZOLENI, Elena (ORCID:0000-0003-2499-8015). „Le figure dell'assenza nella cultura francese dell'Ottocento“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/39.
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Moretti, Stella <1986>. „The Highlands in the romantic novel : culture and identity in early 19th-century Scottish literature“. Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8325.
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Questa tesi discute la relazione tra il modo in cui le Highlands vengono rappresentate nei romanzi minori scozzesi scritti dal 1800 al 1835 e tematiche identitarie e culturali legate alla storia scozzese. A tal fine, sono stati scelti 28 romanzi, che vengono analizzati sotto vari punti di vista (storia, cultura, identità nazionale, paesaggio, geografia)al fine di evidenziare come la ricerca di una nuova identità nazionale dopo l'unione tra Scozia e Inghilterra abbia fortemente influenzato le descrizioni paesaggistiche, geografiche e culturali delle Highlands.
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Koleska, Stefanija <1993>. „INFLUENCIAS ÁRABES EN LA LITERATURA Y CULTURA ESPAÑOLA CONTEMPORÁNEA“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12626.
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“Spain is different”. Secondo la visione degli altri, Spagna viene definita come un Paese diverso dai suoi vicini europei. Esiste anche un altro slogan inventato dai francesi: “L’Africa comincia ai Pirenei”, il quale conferma come gli altri Paesi definiscono questa penisola europea. Sarebbe normale chiedersi la ragione per la quale esistono queste visioni riguardo alla Spagna.
Tornando alla storia, l’espansione dei musulmani iniziò nelle terre arabe con il profeta Maometto, estendendosi immediatamente nelle terre di Algeria e Marocco.
Per diversi motivi, come per esempio la debolezza del regno visigoto, seguì l’occupazione e la conquista della Spagna da parte loro, che rimasero qui per più di sette secoli: dal 711 al 1492.
È impossibile che gli arabi, in tutti questi anni, non abbiano lasciato le proprie impronte nella lingua, cultura, letteratura spagnola. Noi ci occuperemo delle influenze arabe nella letteratura e cultura spagnola, concentrandoci in modo particolare nelle poesie dei poeti contemporanei della Generazione del '27, come Emilio García Gómez, Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti…
Bücher zum Thema "Lin – Cultures"
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Jean-Pierre, Saez, Hrsg. Culture & société: Un lien à recomposer. Toulouse: Editions de l'Attribut, 2008.
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Jean-Pierre, Saez, Hrsg. Culture & société: Un lien à recomposer. Toulouse: Editions de l'Attribut, 2008.
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Jean-Pierre, Saez, Hrsg. Culture & société: Un lien à recomposer. Toulouse: Editions de l'Attribut, 2008.
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Lin, Paul. Asian theatre puppets: Creativity, culture and craftsmanship. London: Thames & Hudson, 2009.
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Dongbei lin wa. Ha'erbin Shi: Dongbei lin ye da xue chu ban she, 2011.
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Kirkwood und Teefy Matthew, Hrsg. Le Lin: Procédés de culture et de préparation. [Québec?: s.n.], 1985.
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Lin Yutang yu Zhongguo wen hua: Lin Yutang and Chinese culture. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2007.
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Les lis: Culture et soins. Paris: De Vecchi, 2007.
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Unesco und United Nations General Assembly, Hrsg. Dalīl ʻamal al-ʻIqd al-ʻĀlamī lil-Tanmīyah al-Thaqāfīyah, 1988-1997. [Cairo: al-Yūniskū, al Shaʻbah al-Qawmīyah al-Miṣrīyah lil-Yūniskū, 1988.
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Markaz al-Dirāsāt wa-al-Buḥūth al-Iqtiṣādīyah wa-al-Ijtimāʻīyah (Tunisia), Hrsg. al-Tanawwuʻ wa-al-tamāthul ayy dawr lil-tarbīyah wa-al-tanshiʼah wa-al-thaqāfah?: Aʻmāl al-nadwah al-iqlīmīyah lil-Yūniskū, Tūnis : 26-27-28 Afrīl 2005. Tūnis: Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Tūnisīyah, Wizārat al-Taʻlīm al-ʻĀlī wa-al-Baḥth al-ʻIlmī wa-al-Tiknūlūjyā, Markaz al-Dirāsāt wa-al-Buḥūth al-Iqtiṣādīyah wa-al-Ijtimāʻīyah, 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Lin – Cultures"
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Ross, William A. „Cognitive Linguistic Theory and the Biblical Languages“. In Semitic Languages and Cultures, 117–71. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0358.03.
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This chapter introduces Cognitive Linguistic theory with special at-tention to its application to the study of the ancient languages of the Bible. Beginning with a brief survey of the historical background and origins of Cognitive Linguistics, this chapter then identifies four key theoretical commitments that unify an otherwise diverse ap-proach. Subsequently, this chapter identifies six major concepts within Cognitive Linguistics—image schemas, frame semantics, domains and conceptual metaphor, mental spaces and conceptual blending, prototypes and semantic extension, and cognitive ap-proaches to grammar—explaining them in some detail and demon-strating their application to biblical texts in either Greek or Hebrew. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the use of Cognitive Lin-guistics within biblical studies over the past few decades, highlight-ing recent applications and identifying potential for future research. Key words: Cognitive Linguistics; Greek; Hebrew; Biblical Lan-guages; Biblical Studies
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Schröder, Helga. „Chapter 14. Verbal lexicalization and cultural domains in Toposa“. In Culture and Language Use, 367–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clu.23.14sch.
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Toposa, an Eastern Nilotic language of South Sudan, packages a great deal of semantic information in verb roots. This chapter investigates whether lexicalization processes in the verb can be linked to the emergence of cultural “schemas”, “frames” or “scenarios” (Goddard & Wierzbicka, 2014). The chapter shows that Toposa has refined verbal lexicalization in cultural activities and scenarios in the lexical domains of mobility, sacrifices, rituals, carrying, cutting, herding, transportation of goods, and daily activities that at large reflect typical characteristics of the pastoralist cultures of East Africa and thus suggests a link between culture and language in the semantic domains of activity verbs.
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Kroll, Paul W. „The Memories of Lu Chao-Lin“. In Essays in Medieval Chinese Literature and Cultural History, IX: 581—IX: 592. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003417675-9.
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Cassidy, William P. „Linsanity and its Aftermath: Sports Journalism Framing of Jeremy Lin“. In East Asian Popular Culture, 199–223. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97780-1_9.
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Suh, Stephen Cho, Alex Manning und Kyle Green. „Contesting “Lin”inality: The Evolution of Jeremy Lin’s Racial Subjectivity“. In East Asian Popular Culture, 291–318. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97780-1_12.
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Qian, Suoqiao. „Culture and War: Interpreting Modern China“. In Lin Yutang and China’s Search for Modern Rebirth, 215–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4657-5_8.
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Rugh, William A. „American Cultural Programs“. In Front Line Public Diplomacy, 129–43. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137444158_9.
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Linklater, Eric. „The Question of Culture“. In The Lion and the Unicorn, 105–34. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212102-6.
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Dadabhoy, Ambereen. „“Othello Was a Lie”“. In Shakespeare and Cultural Appropriation, 94–111. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003304456-7.
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Barker, Anthony J. „The Cultural Inferiority of West Africa“. In The African Link, 100–119. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003310808-9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Lin – Cultures"
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ZHANG, JIAN-WEN. „ON SKOPOS THEORY AND KU HUNGMING’S TRANSLATION OF LUNYU“. In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35700.
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There are a variety of translations of Lunyu into English, among which Ku Hungming’s version is highly debated. Some people argue that Ku’s translation is too creative while other people believe his selection of wording is superior to that of others. Lin Yutang’s comments on Ku’s translation of Lunyu are, “His English is outstanding, which is rarely seen in the late two hundred years. His diction and word selection is outstanding.” As is pointed out by Jing Shuoyu, the purpose of translation is to help communication and understanding. Ku’s translation of Lunyu has made comparisons between well-known figures and books from the source and target cultures, it has also cited famous authors from the target culture. Therefore, it is argued in this article that Ku had decreased barriers between the source culture and target culture, hence the translator seemed ‘invisible’.
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Barbosa, Diego. „Careta, who are you? Aspects of the carnivalesque in African Brazilian manifestations as strategies of subversion and resistance“. In LINK 2023. Tuwhera Open Access, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v4i1.197.
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The element of nonconformity in opposition to the authoritarianism of the official culture present in European folk carnival festivities traveled with European colonisers to the Americas, where they were met by diverse African and Indigenous traditions, giving birth to new forms of manifestation in the melting pot of cultures collateral to colonialism. Existing under a colonial system willing to suppress any subversive or marginal aspects, diasporic Black culture made use of carnivalesque modes of representation to temporarily subvert the authority of the official institutions, having the resistance against dominant power through the crossing of its culture as an important part of surviving in this environment, connected with the local hopes, aspirations and tragedies of those who occupy to this day the margins of society. In Brazil, many of these marginal manifestations happen as festivals connected to the period of catholic celebrations. In this research I focused on how these elements can be identified in the collective popular manifestations of ‘Caretas do Acupe’ and ‘Nego Fugido’, both present in the region of Recôncavo Baiano, in Brazil. The strategies found in these manifestations pervade African-American manifestations associated with black cultural resistance, and display instances where African traditional practices crossed and resignified aspects of European culture, using the carnivalesque as the sign of double articulation that enabled them to create counter-narratives to mock, disrupt and resist colonial power. These ideas were then articulated in the photographic project ‘Careta, who are you?’, which explored narratives created to connect and mix my own moving cultural identity from Bahia while living in Aotearoa.
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Monteiro, Caique Cahon. „Experiência estética e cultura digital: Novos fluxos na exibição da arte“. In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.67.g58.
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As instituições artísticas são, tradicionalmente, locais de reverberação da memória cultural e social. Tais espaços possuem um caráter de institucionalização do mercado cultural. As obras de arte contemporâneas e o formato expositivo são fatores que configuram as possibilidades de consumo e experiência dos visitantes nesses espaços. Aproveitando os artifícios de seu tempo, arte e artistas se apropriam das novas tecnologias digitais; a cultura digital contextualiza esse movimento, entrelaçando novos paradigmas nos espaços expositivos de museus, galerias e centros culturais. É claro que a produção artística que envolve as mídias digitais em algum nível cria caminhos cada vez mais subjetivos e híbridos entre a máquina e o humano nos processos. Isto ocorre não apenas no âmbito da matéria-prima e na produção de suas poéticas e narrativas, mas, também, em todos os contextos sociais atuais, de consumo, acesso e divulgação de obras artísticas. Nos últimos dez anos, houve um crescimento do número de públicos em instituições culturais no Brasil (dados do IPEA - Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada). Esta curva não se assemelha a nenhum aumento de investimento em políticas públicas, melhoria na educação ou cultura. Esta taxa de aumento de visitantes em espaços culturais é semelhante ao aumento do acesso a dispositivos móveis e uso da Internet e redes sociais — talvez, em algum nível, mostre que o acesso à Internet e à cultura digital podem estar possibilitando um ambiente de disseminação espontânea para o PortuguêsExperiência estética e cultura digital: Novos fluxos na exibição da artemercado artístico no Brasil. Com o advento dos smartphones e o uso constante dessa tecnologia em diversos momentos de lazer e trabalho, o hábito de tirar fotos de qualquer obra de arte tornou-se algo normalizado nas instituições. Este processo é capaz de criar diferentes fluxos de mídia, que reformulam a experiência do visitante diante do espaço expositivo. Deste modo, o sujeito espectador tradicional e passivo se confunde com o sujeito usuário presente na cultura digital, com seu potencial de agência e capacidade de compartilhamento. Embora essas fotografias se apresentem na sociedade como um produto cultural, sua visualização e distribuição se estendem ao nível computacional. Este projeto de pesquisa de mestrado se propõe a estabelecer diálogos entre o campo da comunicação e as artes, em especial a cultura digital e a experiência estética. O objeto de estudo é a produção de imagens fotográficas feitas pelos visitantes de mostras culturais por meio de smartphones e compartilhadas na rede social Instagram. Por meio do uso da inteligência artificial, será possível analisar centenas de imagens da rede social Instagram que foram tiradas no Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (instituição brasileira com maior número de visitantes nos últimos 5 anos). Esta análise qualitativa e quantitativa possibilita uma reflexão sobre o caráter da mídia contemporânea presente nos espaços expositivos de arte e a observação de novas experiências entre público, obra e cultura digital.
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Monteiro, Caique Cahon. „Experiencia estética y cultura digital: Nuevos flujos en el espacio expositivo del arte“. In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.67.g57.
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Las instituciones artísticas son tradicionalmente lugares de reverberación de la memoria cultural y social. Dichos espacios tienen un carácter de institucionalización del mercado cultural. Las obras de arte contemporáneas y el formato expositivo son factores que configuran las posibilidades de consumo y experiencia de los visitantes dentro de estos espacios. Aprovechando los artificios de su tiempo, el arte y los artistas se apropian de las nuevas Tecnologías digitales, mientras que la cultura digital contextualiza este movimiento, entrelazando nuevos paradigmas en los espacios expositivos de museos, galerías y centros culturales. Está claro que la producción artística que involucra medios digitales en algún nivel crea caminos cada vez más subjetivos e híbridos entre máquina y humano en los procesos. Esto ocurre no solo en el ámbito de la materia prima y en la producción de sus poéticas y narrativas, sino también en todos los contextos sociales actuales, de consumo, acceso y difusión de obras artísticas. En los últimos 10 años ha habido un número creciente de público en instituciones culturales en Brasil (datos de IPEA - Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas Aplicadas), curva que no se asemeja a ningún aumento en la inversión en políticas públicas, mejora en la educación o la cultura. Esta tasa de aumento de visitantes a espacios culturales es similar al aumento en el acceso a dispositivos móviles y el uso de internet y redes sociales, quizás, en algún nivel, muestra que el acceso a internet y la cultura digital pueden estar propiciando un entorno de difusión espontánea para el mercado artístico en Brasil. Con la llegada de los smartphones y el uso constante de esta tecnología en diversos momentos de ocio y trabajo, la costumbre de sacar una foto de cualquier obra de arte se ha convertido en algo normalizado en las instituciones. Este proceso es capaz de generar distintos flujos de medios que reformulan la experiencia del visitante frente al espacio expositivo. De esta manera, el sujeto espectador tradicional y pasivo se mezcla con el sujeto usuario presente en la cultura digital, con su potencial de agencia y capacidad de compartir. Si bien estas fotografías se presentan en la sociedad como un producto cultural, su visualización y distribución se extiende a un nivel computacional. El proyecto de investigación de este máster se propone establecer diálogos entre el campo de la comunicación y las artes, especialmente la cultura digital y la experiencia estética. El objeto de estudio es la producción de imágenes fotográficas realizadas por los visitantes de exposiciones culturales a través de teléfonos inteligentes y compartidas en la red social Instagram. Mediante el uso de inteligencia artificial será posible analizar cientos de imágenes de la red social Instagram que fueron tomadas en el Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil, ubicado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil (institución brasileña con mayor número de visitantes en los últimos 5 años). Este análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo permite reflexionar sobre el carácter mediático contemporáneo presente en los espacios de exhibición de arte y la observación de nuevas experiencias entre público, trabajo y cultura digital.
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Sarrot, Raul. „A global design mindset: challenges and opportunities of creative nomads in local and global ecosystems“. In LINK 2023. Tuwhera Open Access, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2023.v4i1.205.
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The design landscape –as the world itself– presents ongoing challenging scenarios that evolve hand in hand with technology advancements and the correlated impact on ecosystems and human behaviours. Specifically –at a global scale– it can be observed as a growing trend the emergence of opposing and sometimes colliding creative scenarios: while some design briefs increasingly demand a worldview and adaptable global design mindsets to connect with audiences in diverse ecosystems to deliver value to a challenging economy at scale, others –particularly with an Aotearoa New Zealand lens– are more so inclined to look inwards to recognise, understand and embrace the local indigenous cultures with an empathetic, ethical and mindful approach. With this in mind, what are the challenges and opportunities for diasporic creative nomads to transform these challenges into value-driven participation when adapting to their newly chosen land and related cultural ecosystem? How much of their best natural or learnt empathy –part of their design mindset– can realistically shift, pivot or adapt to incorporate and reflect the culture of the new ecosystem, and how much would they unavoidably still carry ingrained as part of their cultural DNA? Could their cultural background and global experience become an asset to add value as global acumen and –at the same time– help bring fresh perspectives when working in very localised cultural matters? Taking Descartes’ cogito, ergo sum as a starting point (from his 1637 Discourse on the Method, which later was translated into English as “I think, therefore I am”) and weaving diverse philosophical and artistic expressions and schools of thought –such as Wassily Kandinsky, Otl Aicher and Hundertwasser– this piece of research proposes an open dialogue offering insights into how post-diasporic designers could transform the challenges and cultural barriers to add value to their new adopted country or culture.
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Gautam, Matma, und Snehal Tambulwadikar. „Design Education and Multiculturalism“. In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.86.
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Design education exists at the cross-disciplinary intersection of sociology, cognitive psychology, technology and material history. In India, as in many other countries which have experienced colonisation, the wave of decolonisation demands questioning the normative ways of knowing, doing and being. The idea of decolonisation is reflected upon as peeling off the layers of dogmas created by other cultures on existing ones. In the wake of decolonisation, there is a rising concern for plural and multicultural societies. The practise of living out day to day varies across the cultures and often ends up alienating or excluding multiplicity of voices. In today's context digital disruption, with added layers of social media, the concept of ‘self’ and the ‘other’, the idea of ‘identity’ has become a complex phenomenon equated with cultural studies. The case study shared through this paper is carried out with students of first year at NID Haryana, in their first year first semester of undergraduate programme, Bachelor in Design. Facilitating a course on Indian Society and Culture for design students, posed a pedagogical challenge to bring together diverse and eclectic approaches while training the students to deepen their understanding of their own subjective positions and exploring cultural narratives in which their design ought to function. The findings and discussion points are an outcome of the assignment attempted by the student during the module inputs ‘Approaches to Indian Culture’, structured using autoethnography research framework. The said assignment was introduced in the context of online education due to Covid -19 where students were encouraged to pay attention to their immediate home environment as a living cultural repository. The day-to-day cultural resources available to us often become invisibilised, in favour of tangible predefined ones like those of museums or tangible objects. The students were encouraged to look at being part of the cultural context, but still retain a distance from which they could question, interrogate and challenge some of the normative assumptions that come as part of belonging to the said cultural context. The paper discusses the need to become aware and situate oneself as a designer in the cultural context that has shaped his/her/their identity and intrinsic motivations. The aspirant designer was subjected to become aware of his/her vulnerable position in the light of his newly acknowledged socio-cultural context through the means of mapping cultural changes in his family over last three generations. This has been instrumental in initiating a journey to engage with cultural change with sensitivity, appreciate and become aware of the role of oneself in making conscious choices. Through this paper, we would like to investigate this process of decolonising the identity of the designer. The paper expands on complexity of aspects mapped by the students, their reflections and probes further on methods, approach that ought to be adopted in the process of decolonising the designer.
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Djugomanova, Ivana. „THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION“. In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.7.22.p19.
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Globalization and the growing dynamics in international relations require a focus on culture and its opportunities to enrich and expand the content of foreign policy programs. The use of the capacities of culture and its transformation into an element of foreign policy does not mean simplification of the specific and unique character of culture but it is more an approach for more complete distribution and accumulation of additional resources in its development. The link between culture and government is strengthened by the competence of cultural diplomacy. In the age of globalization, the challenges have become much greater, especially when it comes to countries where prejudices against another culture are part of the social order. How can culture and cultural diplomacy shape domestic and international politics and credibly impose their national identity on the rest of the world? Hence, the main goal of this research is to define the role of cultural diplomacy in globalization and its contribution to resolving potential cultural conflicts that arise as a product of globalization. Several issues will be explored. Are there any positive or negative effects of globalization on cultural diplomacy? Can the melting of cultures and the cultural identity of the individual be a potential indicator of conflict? And what can cultural diplomacy do about it? The methods of analysis, follow-up and interpretation will be used in the preparation of the content of the paper. Keyterms: that will be used in the preparation of this scientific research paper are: globalization, cultural diplomacy, security, culture, and international relations.
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Spieker, Annelore. „Have we asked the children?“ In LINK 2023. Tuwhera Open Access, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v4i1.198.
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The ideas of the Spanish-Colombian academic Jesus Martín-Barbero concerning cultural mediations and the night map will be the primary focus of this discussion as the central theoretical framework for comprehending how young people create meaning in the media, particularly worldwide animated films. Even though the theoretical framework was formed within the setting of Latin America, the notions developed by Martín-Barbero are flexible enough to be applied to any media situation. This academic discourse is enhanced by the notions of hybrid culture proposed by Néstor Garcia Canclini. These ideas provide additional foundation for the concepts and theories that are discussed in this work. Within the context of multicultural Aotearoa New Zealand, the theoretical framework was tested with young people attending English-medium schools, formerly known as mainstream schools. Participants ranged in age from six to twelve years old, and there were boys and girls from multiple ethnic origins participating. The data collection took place over the course of three years and used, among different methodologies, work groups (resembling focus groups), online surveys, and interviews. The discussion with the children aimed to discuss sixteen different Disney and Pixar films and their respective twenty-four main characters. The purpose of the conversation was to understand where children feel the characters might have come from and why they have such ideas about those characters, films’ tales, and their places. The research also focused on what characters children and young people would identify the most and the reason behind this decision. According to the research findings, one of the factors that support children in comprehending their surroundings is the cultural context of their household and how the schools they attend provide conversations around the topic of cultural identity. This research aims to show how it is possible to enhance cultural awareness in young people in a fun and light way. A diverse media setting can lead young people to demonstrate more sensitivity to the similarities and differences between two or more cultures and use this in effective communication with members of other cultural groups.
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Monteiro, Caique Cahon. „Aesthetic Experience and Digital Culture: New Flows in The Space of Art Exhibition“. In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.67.
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Artistic institutions are traditionally places of cultural and social memory reverberation. Such spaces have a character of institutionalisation of the cultural market. Contemporary works of art and the exhibition format are factors that shape the possibilities of consumption and experience from visitors within these spaces. By taking advantage of the artifices of their time, art and artists appropriate new digital Technologies, digital culture contextualizes this movement, interweaving new paradigms in the exhibition spaces of museums, galleries and cultural centres. It is clear that the artistic production that involves digital media at some level creates increasingly subjective and hybrid paths between machine and human in the processes. This occurs not only in the scope of raw material and in the production of their poetics and narratives, but also in every present social context, of consumption, access, and dissemination of artistic works. In the last 10 years there has been a growing number of public in cultural institutions in Brazil (data from IPEA - Institute for Applied Economic Research), this curve does not resemble any increase in investment in public policies, improvement in education or culture. This rate of increase in visitors to cultural spaces is like the increase in access to mobile devices and use of the internet and social networks, perhaps, at some level, it shows that internet access and digital culture may be enabling an environment of spontaneous dissemination for the artistic market in Brazil. With the advent of smartphones and the constant use of this technology in various moments of leisure and work, the habit of taking a picture from any work of art has become something normalised in institutions. This process can create different media flows that reformulate the visitor's experience in front of the exhibition space. In this way, the traditional and passive spectator subject is mixed with the user subject present in digital culture, with its agency potential and sharing capacity. Although these photographs present themselves in society as a cultural product, their visualisation and distribution extend to a computational level. This master's research project proposes to establish dialogues between the field of communication and the arts, especially digital culture, and aesthetic experience. The object of study is the production of photographic images made by visitors to cultural exhibitions through smartphones and shared on the Instagram social network. Through the use of artificial intelligence, it will be possible to analyse hundreds of images from the Instagram social network that were taken at the Banco do Brasil Cultural Centre, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Brazilian institution with the highest number of visitors in the last 5 years). This qualitative and quantitative analysis enables a reflection on the contemporary media character present in art exhibition spaces and the observation of new experiences between public, work, and digital culture.
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Romanova, Galina I. „L.N. Tolstoy And The English-Speaking Journalists Elaborating On The Crisis Of 1891–1892“. In Dialogue of Cultures - Culture of Dialogue: from Conflicting to Understanding. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.11.03.85.
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Khomenko, Tetiana, und Yuriy Kolisnyk. Втрати української культури у російсько-українській війні: культурно-інформаційний спротив. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11749.
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The authors explored the activity of mass media and cultural organizations aimed at clarification of the current problematic issue – preservation of Ukrainian cultural heritage under the conditions of the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine. The authors emphasize that occupants not only destroy historic buildings, i.e. material objects, but also steal art values, destroy library and archive funds; their actions are aimed at destruction of our spirituality, identity and history. It is pointed out that there are the main streams in the work of journalists, experts, and culture figures, namely: fixation of losses, propaganda of the Ukrainian culture in the world, expert evaluation of the restitution possibilities, and filling of the culture material with patriotic sense. The full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine on the 24th of February 2022 led to the numerous loss of life, ruination of the military, civil and infrastructure objects. But the state-aggressor destroys and robs our culture in this war. Since the beginning of the war mass media have been actively informing about the situation in the regions, which happened to be at the line of the Russian troops attack. The information was in particular about the fact that different educational establishments, libraries and their funds, museums with valuable collections, theatres, religious buildings and historic buildings had been ruined. To tell the truth the information was incomplete due to the limited opportunities to monitor the situation. However, later it has been systematized. The work of journalists and experts contributed to this since they stated the criminal acts of Russia, informing about the ruination facts of historic, sacral, cultural monuments, devastation of many museum collections, destruction of library and archive funds. Digitalization of the Russian war crimes against Ukrainian culture became one more important work aimed at preservation of the Ukrainian cultural heritage. It was done by means of interactive maps of the Ukrainian cultural losses and it enables documenting crimes of the occupant army and spreading this information at the international level. Key words: culture, cultural front, cultural losses, cultural values, cultural heritage, war, media.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.
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Johnson, N. F., D. M. Gurule und T. R. Carpenter. Radiation-induced p53 protein response in the A549 cell line is culture growth-phase dependent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381381.
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Torres-Mancera, Rocio, Carlos de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado und Patricia P. Iglesias-Sanchez. Public Relations and the Fundraising professional in the Cultural Heritage Industry: a study of Spain and Mexico / Las relaciones públicas y el profesional de la captación de fondos en la industria del patrimonio cultural: un estudio de España y México. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-03-27-48.
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The present research aims to understand the current situation of strategic communication and public relations applied in the professional field of fundraising in the cultural heritage environment. It observes the current patterns used in the sector to obtain and generate long-term sustainable funding, through the stimulation of investors and International Cooperation projects from the European Union in line with UNESCO. Two international case studies are compared: Spain and Mexico, through the selection of territorial samples in Malaga and San Luis Potosi. The methodology used is based on a combination of in-depth interviews with key informants and content analysis. In the first instance, the degree of application of communication and public relations tools for strategic purposes to directly attract economic resources to the management of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the region is studied. In line with the results obtained, the current parameters and key indicators of the profile of the fundraising professional in public and private cultural management are presented.
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Sutipatanasomboon, Arpaporn. Petri Dishes with Agar: How to Make Agar Plates. ConductScience, Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220627.
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Petri dishes and agar form the foundation of the culture plate technique pioneered by Robert Koch, facilitating the cultivation and study of microorganisms. Agar, derived from red seaweed, solidifies into a transparent medium for microbial growth. Agar plates are classified as nonselective, allowing general growth, and selective, inhibiting specific microbes. Petri dishes, with a dish and lid, provide containers for agar, supporting microbial growth. This technique has revolutionized microbiological research, enabling advances in fields like bacteriology, mycology, infectious diseases, and biotechnology.
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Jact. L52122 Mitigation of MIC using CP Under Disbonded Coating. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011099.
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This report summarizes lab work carried out in a test cell in which line pipe steel was exposed under anaerobic conditions to a freshly prepared synthetic corrosion product consisting of iron sulfide and iron carbonate under a permeable �coating� barrier. Weight loss for the steel specimen was sharply reduced by application of CP with rates of corrosion for short term experiments dropping to less than 0.05 mm/year at potentials more negative than �950 mVCSE at the pipe surface. This value is in good agreement with past literature. Addition of a mixed microbial culture including SRB to the experiment gave similar results in terms of weight loss.
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Варданян, Марина Володимирівна. The sphere of “The Self” concept: thematic horizons in literary works for children and youth of Ukrainian Diaspora writers. Lulu Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1672.
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The article deals with the leading issues in the children's literature of the Ukrainian Diaspora writers. Among the key themes are the following such as historical, patriotic, religious and Christian topics, which are considered through the image of “The Self”. This concept includes the image of the Motherland, historically native land, prominent figures (Taras Shevchenko, hetmans of Ukraine), the family line, national symbols (the flag, the trident) and religious and Christian symbols (the church, the blessing). The idea of preserving the cultural identity and the national identity of Ukrainians is prevalent through the concept of “The Self”.
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Costa, Sérgio. Unequal and Divided The Middle Classes in Contemporary Brazil. Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/costa.2022.45.
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The middle class, or rather middle classes, to do justice to their heterogeneity, have been and continue to be at the centre of the long political and economic crisis that has been ravaging Brazil since 2014. Available interpretations that try to explain the positions taken by different political authors are biased by structural, ideological, or cultural determinism. To escape these determinisms, I draw on Stuart Hall’s political sociology in order to understand the link between the class situation of the middle classes and their constitution as political subjects of various shades as contingent intersectional articulations. The emphasis on contingency obviously does not imply a belief that political developments are fortuitous and detached from social structures. Nor does it ignore the existence of groups with deeply held ideological or cultural convictions who consistently adopt, over long periods of time, political attitudes compatible with these beliefs. However, taken as a whole, the middle classes have shown a very heterogeneous and changing political trajectory over time. They adhere to discourses - both right-wing or more egalitarian ones - and make political choices based on the power of these narratives to capture, in given circumstances, their anxieties, expectations, claims and aspirations.
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West, George, Marco Velarde und Alejandro Soriano. IDB-9: Operational Performance and Budget. Inter-American Development Bank, März 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010526.
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In IDB-9 the Board of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) mandated the adoption of a results-based budgeting process (RBB) that would be aligned to and would help achieve the key performance targets of the Corporate Results Framework (CRF), as well as improve accountability and transparency. In addition, they mandated the use of a Balanced Score Card Performance Management System (BSC) that would incorporate the results from an External Feedback System (EFS). The Governors also requested that the Bank continue its efforts to improve organizational efficiency. The IDB has made significant progress in improving the quality and availability of information related to the budget and the associated work program, and in developing and enhancing the systems to support the budget planning and monitoring process. Many of the actions defined in the RBB Framework document can be considered complete from a technical perspective, but the RBB is still a work in process. One major area that RBB planners underestimated was the effort and time it would take to create an organization that uses data to manage for results. This effort must involve all levels of Management and be accompanied by appropriate incentives. Work on this cultural change has started but will extend beyond the planned three-year RBB implementation period. The BSC effort resulted in organizational learning and the development of a number of performance indicators, but it failed to achieve its objective of implementing a BSC that would provide the Bank with a Strategic Planning and Management system to help ensure the alignment of business activities with organizational strategy and provide a focused, comprehensive perspective of the Bank¿s organizational performance.The EFS is just being restarted, and preliminary results are expected in early 2013. Work is under way to improve operational efficiency, but the RBB data provide limited support to this activity, as most of the efficiency indicators are related to cycle times and not budget. OVE provides several suggestions for future work: (i) increase the focus, attention, and resources devoted to the RBB change management process to help achieve the culture change needed to create an organization that "manages for results"; (ii) plan for the involvement of all levels of Management, use internal and external experts in this process, and recognize that the process will take time; (iii) with Human Resources, create and implement incentives to recognize and reward behavior and good practices that can change the Bank¿s culture; (iv) consider raising the sponsorship level of the RBB, possibly combining it with the Program Optima governance structure; (v) focus on creating a limited set of performance indicators that drive the Bank¿s business and that link to its strategy, objectives and priorities; and (vi) reexamine the budget process to identify key constraints (for example, the head count ceiling) and reexamine the timing of performance reporting and budget allocations/reallocations to ensure alignment.
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Poussart, Denis. Le métavers : autopsie d’un fantasme Réflexion sur les limites techniques d’une réalité synthétisée, virtualisée et socialisée. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’intelligence artificielle et du numérique, Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/sgkp7833.
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Lorsque Neal Stephenson a introduit le terme « métavers » dans son roman de science-fiction Snow Crash, en 1992, il était loin de se douter que le mot allait susciter autant de discussions. La notion d’une réalité d’un type nouveau, qui serait synthétisée, puis virtualisée et librement socialisée, est fascinante par ce qu’elle exigerait aux plans scientifique et technique. Fascinante surtout par ses retombées éventuelles aux niveaux culturel et social, y compris de nature éthique (qui ne sont pas abordées ici). Ce texte rappelle brièvement l’origine du concept avant de se consacrer à ses requis et défis techniques, abordés en l’examinant comme un système avancé d’information et communication. Le métavers revêt une complexité inédite alors que les capacités cognitives de l’humain et de la machine sont appelées à se fusionner avec synergie. L’analyse – qui demeure succincte compte tenu du format d’un article court – permettra de comprendre comment et pourquoi le métavers, dans la mouture originale proposée par Stephenson, demeure une utopie. Mais aussi comment l’élimination de certains requis peut permettre d’en retenir une saveur intéressante, laquelle apparait déjà dans une multitude d’applications.