Inhaltsverzeichnis
Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Lignine – Synthèse (chimie)“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Lignine – Synthèse (chimie)" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Lignine – Synthèse (chimie)"
Cornu, Agnès. „Synthèse et biosynthèse de composés modèles de complexes lignine-polysaccharides“. Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRidany, Manal. „Radicaux phénoxy impliqués dans la biosynthèse de la lignine : photo-génération en conditions de chimie en flux, formation et piégeage par la peroxydase de raifort“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on the planet, although its creation mechanism and structures remain unknown. In this study, lignin and lignification were investigated using three different approaches. The first technique was developed to study the different linkages constitute lignin by radical coupling to form a dimer in presence of riboflavin as a photosensitizer under UV-light (395 nm), using continuous-flow photochemistry in micro-reactors. The second technique was devised to investigate the lignin interunit connections created by a simple lignin monomeric molecule, meaning immobilized enzymes that allowed for the simulation of the hydrophobic environment for lignin production. The third technique, which involved the use of alkyne-containing monolignols, allowed researchers to investigate the behavior of peroxidases during the oxidation of lignin monomers. It also enabled researchers to investigate lignification by analyzing the deactivation or identification of lignification peroxidases via click-chemistry processes.The first strategy consisted of the dimerization of different monomers of natural lignin. High dimerization yield of all coupled dimers was achieved including C-C, C-O or β-β' linkages. Immobilized enzymes were employed in the second strategy to investigate vanillin polymerization as a lignin template. After derivatization in either acidic or basic solution, the oxidation reaction of vanillin catalyzed by immobilized HRP resulted in the synthesis of polyvanillin with up to 15 units, primarily linked by carbon-oxygen bonds, as demonstrated by MALDI-FT-ICR studies. In the third strategy the modulation of HRP activity during oxidation of its substrates was explored utilizing modified monolignols bearing alkyne tags. In the presence of H2O2, HRP creates phenoxyl radicals during phenol oxidation. These radicals react with HRP, changing its heme or apoprotein via several routes. Coumaric acid-derived compounds inhibited HRP with varying effectiveness and specificity across the lignification probes utilized in this work. A kinetic analysis demonstrated that two probes, propargyl coumarate and methyl coumarate, were responsible for the full loss of HRP activity
Breilly, Damien. „Synthèse d'adjuvant pour l'industrie du béton via la fonctionnalisation de lignines industrielles et la conception de nouveaux polymères biosourcés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AGPT0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concrete industry is one of the most important, but also the most polluting industries of the 21st century due to the cement manufacturing. Many solutions exist in order to reduce its environmental impact, unfortunately they result in a significant drop of the properties of concrete in terms of fluidity, workability during time and mechanical resistance. The use of organic adjuvants allows recovering these properties, but these are petro-sourced and their synthesis is not currently sustainable. Here in, we have proposed prospects for replacing the petrochemical superplasticizers by biosourced (macro)molecules.These (macro)molecules must, at the same time, adsorb themselves on the cement but also possess a repulsive effect leading to the lowering of the critical stresses of the cement paste for the same quantity of water. To reach these performances, we presented here two strategies: (1) the chemical and enzymatic modification of an industrial lignin (i.e., sodium lignosulfonate), as well as (2) chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes for new bio-sourced monomers from vanillin, as well as their polymerization by the ADMET route, making it possible to obtain post-functionalizable polymers.The macromolecules resulting from these two strategies were then tested on cement slurry to determine their adsorption property as well as their fluidizing power. Although a non-negligible effect of these molecules on the rheology has been demonstrated, the preliminary results have not revealed properties comparable to those of the currently used superplasticizers. Nevertheless, the great flexibility of the developed synthetic routes and the structural design of the monomers should allow to modulate the properties of these new macromolecules, thus opening the way to future developments of adjuvants
Richard, Tiphaine. „Lignin etherification : a clean and efficient pathway to biobased epoxy resins“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript presents new ways of synthesising lignin-based epoxy resins by homogeneous catalysis without bisphenol A or epichlorohydrin. Thus, this thesis relates several etherification processes of technical lignins with the purpose to graft unsaturation(s) prior to oxidation. Ruthenium-catalysed allylation of phenols was first studied and led to the efficient modification of lignin's aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Then, the use of a “linker”, which can be modified to bear the unsaturations and then grafted onto lignin, was studied. Nickel-catalysed butadiene-hydroalkoxylation and telomerisation on glycerol carbonate linkers were performed in high yields. The scale-up of the obtained modified lignin was studied using palladium-catalysed telomerisation and led to the development of cyclic carbonate decarboxylation to simplify the following lignin purification steps. Finally, the unsaturations of the modified lignin were epoxidised, leading to the preparation of a lignin-based epoxy-resin. A large range of analytical methods were used throughout the thesis to characterise lignins, such as NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as thermal properties with DSC and TGA
Dabbousy, Ranin. „Mécanisme de la lignification : isolement et caractérisation des enzymes, transformation des substrats in vitro, et caracterisation de la lignine obtenue“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR061.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLignin is the second biopolymer on earth but the mechanism of its formation and its structures are still poorly understood. In this work, lignin and lignification were studied following three strategies. The first strategy was developed to study lignin interunit linkages formed using a simple lignin monomeric compound implying immobilized enzymes that allowed to mimic the hydrophobic environment for lignin synthesis. The second strategy focused on the identification of lignin-specific peroxidases, through the isolation of peroxidases from the leaves and stems of model plants. The third strategy, which consisted of the usage of alkyne-bearing monolignols allowed to study the behavior of peroxidases during the oxidation of lignin monomers. It also allowed to tackle lignification through studying the inactivation or the identification of lignification peroxidases via click-chemistry reactions.The first strategy consisted of the immobilization of model oxidoreductases including horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL) on hydrophobic beads. High immobilization yield (≥75%) of both enzymes was achieved. The immobilized enzymes were used for the investigation of vanillin polymerization as a template of lignin. Oxidation reaction of vanillin catalyzed by immobilized HRP resulted in the formation of polyvanillin with up to 15 units, mainly linked by carbon-oxygen linkages as revealed by MALDI-FT-ICR analyses after derivatization in either acidic or basic medium. In the second strategy peroxidases from eucalyptus and spinach plants were partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation in a saturation ratio of 80% and DEAE-ion exchange chromatography with a purification fold of 3 for eucalyptus peroxidases and 2 and 7 for spinach stem and leaves peroxidases, with an enzyme recovery of 6%, 5% and 13% respectively. Purified peroxidases were identified by proteomics using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS analysis). In the third strategy, the modification of the activity of HRP during the oxidation of its substrates was studied using modified monolignols bearing alkyne tags. During phenol oxidation, HRP generates phenoxyl radicals in the presence of H2O2. These radicals react with HRP affecting its heme or its apoprotein following different pathways. Among the ligninication probes used in this study, coumaric acid-derived compounds efficiently inhibited HRP with different efficiency and specificity. Particularly two probes, propargyl coumarate and methyl coumarate were responsible for a complete loss of HRP activity as revealed by a kinetic study. Proteomics and mass spectrometry analyses helped decipher the reasons behind this inactivation including modifications of heme and amino acid alterations of the HRP protein moiety.Altogether these results show that advanced mass spectrometry techniques and proteomics contribute to better understanding of the fate of phenoxyl radicals during lignification
Simon, Clémence. „Élucidation des processus de lignification par la stratégie du rapporteur chimique alliée à la microscopie confocale en fluorescence et à la résonance paramagnétique électronique“. Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLignin is a phenolic polymer of plant cell wall which forms with cellulose the lignocellulosic biomass, involved in a variety of industrial applications (biofuel, paper making, etc.). A better understanding of its formation within plant cell walls is needed to improve the valorization of this biomass. Lignin is mainly composed of three monomers called monolignols (H, G and S) that are assembled by a radicalar polymerization process initiated by laccases and/or peroxydases during lignification. The recent emergence of the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy appears as a powerful tool to study lignification processes. In this strategy, an analogue of the biomolecule of interest modified with a biocompatible chemical tag is metabolically incorporated into the target biomacromolecule. It is then detected by fluorophore tagging initiated by a bioorthogonal chemistry reaction. The current work presents the development of chemical tools based on the chemical reporter strategy for the study of lignification process. A novel triple labeling strategy has been developed to study lignification dynamics in plant cell wall by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Analogs bearing methylcyclopropenyl-, azido-, and alkynyl tags were synthesized for each monolignol (S, H and G respectively) and incorporated into the de novo lignin. These analogs were then selectively linked to a fluorophore by a specific bioorthogonal ligation reaction during a sequential triple labeling (DAinv, SPAAC, and CuAAC respectively). Fluorescence confocal microscopy allowed visualization of their differential incorporation into lignin. It gave informations about lignification dynamics in different plant systems (stem and root cross sections, whole stems, etc.) and to various plant species (flax, Arabidopsis thaliana, poplar, etc.). In addition, this triple labeling could be done with two types of biomolecules to simultaneously monitor the biosynthesis of lignin and non-cellulosic polysaccharides. A second innovative research axis was initiated to validate the metabolic incorporation of a monolignol analog in plant tissues with its detection using a radical probe by electronic paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This new methodology could ultimately provide informations about the structure, concentration and environment of the incorporated probe specifically by detection of de novo lignin
Borges, Cateto Carolina Andreia. „Polyuréthanes à base de lignines : synthèse, caractérisation et applications“. Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work describes the utilisation and suitability of four technical lignins (Alcell, Sarkanda, Indulin AT and Curan 27-11P) as macromonomers in the synthesis of polyurethanes aiming to promote its valorisation and exploit its intrinsic properties. For that purpose, two main global approaches of incorporating lignin into polyurethane materials were inspected, namely : (i) utilisation after chemical modification by oxypropylation reaction and (ii) direct utilisation of lignin in combination with a linear commercial polyol. For that purpose, first a careful characterisation of lignin samples, mainly in which regards to hydroxyl groups determination, was performed. Several lignin based polyurethane materials have been produced including : rigid polyurethane foams and elastomers polyurethanes. These materials presented properties close to those commercially available and thus providing irrefutable evidence about the possibility to produce lignin-based polyurethane materials
Susplugas, Sophie. „Etude chimique et biologique de lignanes isolés de Justicia Patentiflora (Hemsl. ) : synthèse d'analogues glycosylés“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114824.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCorbin, Cyrielle. „Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle de la synthèse des lignanes du lin (Linum usitatissimum L.)“. Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs a crop with multiple purposes, flax accumulates lignans, specialized metabolites with health benefits, known for their phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties in its seed, and toxic lignans in its leaves. In order to use and study these phenolic compounds derived from monolignols, an eco-friendly method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed and applied to the screening of cultivars for their lignan content which confers high value to extracts and flaxseed by-product. Regulation of the lignan biosynthetic pathway was investigated at the transcriptional level for the genes responsible for the formation of secoisolariciresinol in seeds and aerial parts. The multigene family of dirigent proteins (DIR), first actors of this pathway, was explored by genomic and transcriptional approaches in order to select candidates to operate with pinoresinol lariciresinol reductases (PLR), bifunctional enzymes catalyzing secoisolariciresinol biosynthesis. The study of the transcriptional regulation of PLR genes evidenced very contrasting expression profiles and led to the identification of transcription factors acting as master regulators of this biosynthesis and their cis-regulatory target elements. Results allowed first to reinforce the hypothesis of the lignans defensive role in planta, second to afford an overall view of complex mechanisms occurring in the regulation of lignan natural production and finally to suggest leads to improve lignan yield by a stimulation of natural production and an enhancement of extraction yield using green chemistry methods
Mondière, Aurélie. „Réactions multicomposants et applications : synthèse de cyclopent[b]indoles et pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles : synthèse diastéréosélective de lignanes tétrahydrofuraniques trisubstitués“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837814.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle