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Brombach, Johannes, Thorsten Hütte und Helmut Strasser. „Surface-specific lighting scenarios enhancing the perceptibility of 3-dimensional flaws“. Occupational Ergonomics 6, Nr. 2 (04.12.2006): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2006-6203.
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In order to rate the ergonomic quality of lighting scenarios with respect to the use of directional and diffuse lighting in laboratory studies, Landolt rings (test signs) were carved into typical industrially manufactured surfaces via laser, representing three-dimensional "reliefs." Besides illumination with a luminance level of 750 lx (lighting scenario 1), which is recommended for inspection tasks according to a European standard, diffuse light (lighting scenario 2), directional light (lighting scenario 3), and lighting which was specifically chosen for each of the five surface types (lighting scenarios 4–8 were utilized. The general result of the analysis of the objective data showed that three-dimensional reliefs on typical industrially manufactured surfaces are usually easier to recognize under directional light (lighting scenario 3) than under diffuse light (lighting scenario 2). At the same time, however, the test subjects indicated on the questionnaires that illumination with pure directional light was often perceived as uncomfortable. Illuminations which combined directional and diffuse light were usually a good compromise between the objective results and the subjective evaluations and can generally be recommended for mainly diffuse reflecting surfaces.
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Çıbuk, Musa. „Reducing Energy Consumption in Single-Hop and Multi-Hop Topologies of Road Lighting Communication Network“. Light & Engineering, Nr. 04-2020 (August 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-027.
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This study aims to make the wireless sensor network based on a linear topology required in road lighting energy-efficient using the proposed new methods. Because the physical installation of road lighting systems will result in costliness and time-labour loss, the mentioned scenarios were created and analysed in a simulation design. Two new methods were proposed to organize the lighting system more quickly and to increase the speed performance of sensors that join the network and carrying the luminaire data. This is the proxy-based network connection method and a new time-division method for the nodes’ common channel access. Energy consumption scenarios for lighting systems with 50, 100, 150, and 200 luminaires were analysed comparatively during data exchange using wireless sensor networks. Accordingly, the classical method and the proposed novel method were evaluated for the singleand multi-hop scenarios. In the communication between luminaires, the proposed new method for a single-hop scenario was at least 80 % more efficient than the classical method in terms of total energy consumption. In linear topology lighting systems for the same scenario, if the classical method is compared with the proposed new method for 3-hop structures, 58 % efficiency of total energy consumption is achieved.
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Kretzer, David Michael, und Michael Walczak. „The Impact of Vertical Densification on Public Lighting in Informal Settlements: Using Virtual Environments as an Evaluation Tool for Policy Making“. ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 7, Nr. 2 (02.03.2021): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.7-2-4.
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There are a variety of reasons to support the premise that public lighting is beneficial to urban communities. At the same time, a key challenge for the provision of public lighting in informal settlements is their constant physical transformation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the application of virtual environments (VEs) in lighting planning and policy making. Despite the fact that VEs offer the opportunity to explore an environment by freely navigating through it, including environments that change over time, this feature is rarely taken into account in decision-making processes. A VE-based analysis tool for informal settlement lighting is presented using a case-study street in the informal settlement of Caracolí in Bogotá as its basis. A household survey, spatial measurements, participants’ observations, and luminous intensity distribution curves constituted the main data set for the VE scenarios. Time-related data on the incremental construction of Caracolí’s informal dwellings was collected by the household survey and that data was then projected into past, present, and future night-time scenarios. The lighting quality of these different scenarios was systematically evaluated via lighting calculation software, revealing a variety of shortcomings caused by the current lighting approach. Based on these findings, an alternative lighting approach was developed and re-examined using lighting calculations. Finally, custom game-engine technology and GPU computing were deployed, which allowed for real-time visualisation of the different lighting scenarios and their lighting quality. This setup therefore enables fast iterative feedback loops for current and future lighting policy scenarios and the resulting lighting design. In the first instance, a VE can illustrate well how current lighting policy results in a significant delay of lighting provision in the early stage of a settlement as well as highlighting the mismatch between lighting technology and the built environment during the vertical densification phases. Second, the VE is able to showcase alternative lighting technologies and policy approaches as well as the resulting lighting effects, enabling a visual comparison of different policy scenarios over several decades. In conclusion it will be argued that the dynamic VE technology appears to be a promising decision-making tool for illustrating potential planning and design shortcomings to policy stakeholders in a manner understandable to the layman.
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Buyukkinaci, B., S. Onaygil, O. Guler und MB Yurtseven. „Determining minimum visibility levels in different road lighting scenarios“. Lighting Research & Technology 50, Nr. 7 (17.05.2017): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517709868.
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This study investigates visibility levels for different road lighting scenarios. Four different road lighting classes (M2, M3, M4, M5), two different colour temperature luminaires (4000 K and 6000 K) and four different critical object reflectances (0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50) were used to determine the effects of lighting classes and colour temperatures on the critical object detection. In total, 1920 photographs were taken on a test road and visibility levels were calculated for each case. From these 1920 visibility levels, photographs corresponding to 245 visibility level values ranging from 1 to 9 were selected and evaluated by 30 subjects aged between 25 and 35 years in a laboratory environment. As a result of the study, it was shown that visibility levels are between 7.0 and 8.5 for road lighting classes ranging from M2 to M5, illuminated by light sources with different colour temperatures, for 100% detection of critical objects. This result is in line with the suggested VL values changing between 7 and 10 in the literature.
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Noubissie Tientcheu, Simplice Igor, Shyama P. Chowdhury und Thomas O. Olwal. „Intelligent Energy Management Strategy for Automated Office Buildings“. Energies 12, Nr. 22 (13.11.2019): 4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224326.
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The increasing demand to reduce the high consumption of end-use energy in office buildings framed the objective of this work, which was to design an intelligent system management that could be utilized to minimize office buildings’ energy consumption from the national electricity grid. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and lighting are the two main consumers of electricity in office buildings. Advanced automation and control systems for buildings and their components have been developed by researchers to achieve low energy consumption in office buildings without considering integrating the load consumed and the Photovoltaic system (PV) input to the controller. This study investigated the use of PV to power the HVAC and lighting equipped with a suitable control strategy to improve energy saving within a building, especially in office buildings where there are reports of high misuse of electricity. The intelligent system was modelled using occupant activities, weather condition changes, load consumed and PV energy changes, as input to the control system of lighting and HVAC. The model was verified and tested using specialized simulation tools (Simulink®) and was subsequently used to investigate the impact of an integrated system on energy consumption, based on three scenarios. In addition, the direct impact on reduced energy cost was also analysed. The first scenario was tested in simulation of four offices building in a civil building in South Africa of a single occupant’s activities, weather conditions, temperature and the simulation resulted in savings of HVAC energy and lighting energy of 13% and 29%, respectively. In the second scenario, the four offices were tested in simulation due to the loads’ management plus temperature and occupancy and it resulted in a saving of 20% of HVAC energy and 29% of lighting electrical energy. The third scenario, which tested integrating PV energy (thus, the approach utilized) with the above-mentioned scenarios, resulted in, respectively, 64% and 73% of HVAC energy and lighting electrical energy saved. This saving was greater than that of the first two scenarios. The results of the system developed demonstrated that the loads’ control and the PV integration combined with the occupancy, weather and temperature control, could lead to a significant saving of energy within office buildings.
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Doulos, Lambros T., Ioannis Sioutis, Aris Tsangrassoulis, Laurent Canale und Kostantinos Faidas. „Revision of Threshold Luminance Levels in Tunnels Aiming to Minimize Energy Consumption at No Cost: Methodology and Case Studies“. Energies 13, Nr. 7 (03.04.2020): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071707.
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Because of the absence of lighting calculation tools at the initial stage of tunnel design, the lighting systems are usually over-dimensioned, leading to over illumination and increased energy consumption. For this reason, a fine-tuning method for switching lighting stages according to the traffic weighted L20 luminance is proposed at no additional cost. The method was applied in a real –case scenario, where L20 luminance of the access zone at eleven (11) existing tunnels was calculated. The traffic weighted method of CR14380 was used in order to calculate the actual luminance levels for the entrance zone. The new transition zone, which decreases luminance curves, was produced and compared with the existing ones. Thus, a new switching control was proposed and programed for the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system of the tunnel. The signals of the corresponding eleven L20 meters for a period of eight days were used and the corresponding annual energy consumptions were calculated using the proposed switching program for each tunnel. The results were compared with a number of scenarios in which the existing lighting system was retrofitted with Lighting Emitting Diodes (LED) luminaires. In these scenarios, the new luminaire arrangement was based not only on the existing luminance demand value for the threshold zone, but also on the newly proposed one with two different control techniques (continuous dimming and 10% step dimming). The fine-tuning method for switching resulted in energy savings between 11% and 54% depending on the tunnel when the scenario of the existing installation at no extra cost was used. Energy savings, when LED luminaires were installed, varied between 57% (for the scenario with existing luminance demand value for the threshold zone and 10% step dimming) and 85% (for the scenario with the new calculated luminance demand and continuous dimming).
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Babilon, Sebastian, Janika Lenz, Sebastian Beck, Paul Myland, Julian Klabes, Stefan Klir und Tran Quoc Khanh. „Task-related Luminance Distributions for Office Lighting Scenarios“. Light & Engineering, Nr. 01-2021 (Februar 2021): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-073.
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For the design of modern office environments, lighting is a central aspect. With regard to current practice, uniform illumination is most often applied in interiors. In this paper, however, further aspects of a more individual approach are investigated, that deliberately violate the usual demands for uniformity by explicitly considering task-related, emotional and psychological effects of lighting. For this purpose, two independent experiments were conducted in an office mock-up setting exploring the impact of spatially variable, non-uniform light distributions on the users’ illumination preferences for the accomplishment of a given task. In the first experiment, three predefined illumination settings wererated by a group of naïve observers. Although the respective light distributions differed in their spatial characteristics, no significant differences were found in the rating scores. In addition, these variations showed no significant effect on the users’ preferred position of task performance. In the second experiment, though, a clearly significant effect could be reported such that, once the users were granted control over the illumination settings, an explicit demand for locally increased illuminance levels at the position of task performance was observed. Furthermore, high rating scores of perceived lighting adequacy indicate the users’ general satisfaction with the degree of visual assistance provided by such a task-related illumination.
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Kwon, Sook-Youn, Kyoung-Mi Im und Jae-Hyun Lim. „LED Context Lighting System in Residential Areas“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/851930.
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As issues of environment and energy draw keen interest around the globe due to such problems as global warming and the energy crisis, LED with high optical efficiency is brought to the fore as the next generation lighting. In addition, as the national income level gets higher and life expectancy is extended, interest in the enhancement of life quality is increasing. Accordingly, the trend of lightings is changing from mere adjustment of light intensity to system lighting in order to enhance the quality of one’s life as well as reduce energy consumption. Thus, this study aims to design LED context lighting system that automatically recognizes the location and acts of a user in residential areas and creates an appropriate lighting environment. The proposed system designed in this study includes three types of processing: first, the creation of a lighting environment index suitable for the user’s surroundings and lighting control scenarios and second, it measures and analyzes the optical characteristics that change depending on the dimming control of lighting and applies them to the index. Lastly, it adopts PIR, piezoelectric, and power sensor to grasp the location and acts of the user and create a lighting environment suitable for the current context.
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Hemphälä, H., W. Osterhaus, PA Larsson, J. Borell und P. Nylén. „Towards better lighting recommendations for open surgery“. Lighting Research & Technology 52, Nr. 7 (25.02.2020): 856–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153520903355.
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This study assesses the lighting requirements for operating theatres and the lighting conditions in a specific test case and proposes alternate ways of achieving a favourable visual environment. The hypothesis was that an increased illuminance level from general lighting and lower luminance contrasts between the essential task areas affect perceived lighting quality, visual ability and performance, as well as tiredness of medical staff performing surgical work. The investigation consisted of three parts: a laboratory study, followed by a field study and concluding with a retrospective study. In the laboratory study, each medical staff subject was exposed to four lighting scenarios with three illuminances from the operating light (12 lighting conditions), with no patients present. In the field and the retrospective study, the existing lighting scenario was compared to the highest-rated test lighting scenario (with illuminances more than double). The field study and the retrospective study took place with medical staff working under either the test general lighting condition or the existing general lighting condition. Increased illuminance from the general lighting and a higher correlated colour temperature did not improve the operating staff’s visual ability. However, medical staff rated the change in lighting quality resulting from the increased general illuminance as an improvement in the work environment, both in the laboratory study and in the field study. Medical staff subjects using the operating theatre rated both perceived visual ability and lighting quality higher under the test lighting scenario. Tiredness was also rated lower under that test scenario. Based on the results from this study, general lighting levels of 2000 lx in the periphery of the operating room, 4000 lx surrounding the operating table and 5500 lx on the operating table are recommended by the authors. With reference to the selections made by the surgeons for the illuminance in the operating cavity, it is suggested that the central beam illuminance from the surgical luminaires be between 50,000 lx and 100,000 lx.
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Zauner, Johannes, und Herbert Plischke. „Designing Light for Night Shift Workers: Application of Nonvisual Lighting Design Principles in an Industrial Production Line“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 22 (18.11.2021): 10896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210896.
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Chronodisruption deteriorates the health and wellbeing of shift workers. Artificial light at night and the lack of light during the day are major contributors to chronodisruption and need to be optimized in shift work scenarios. Here, we present one solution for a lighting and automation system in an industrial production workplace. The setting is a rapidly rotating shift work environment with morning, evening, and night shifts. We describe a procedure to specify the new lighting through a software-agnostic nonvisual lighting simulation for artificial and daylighting scenarios. Through this process, a new luminaire is created, called Drosa, that allows for a large melanopic stimulus range between 412 and 73 lx melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance vertically at eye level, while maintaining a neutral white illuminance at task level between 1250 and 900 lx, respectively. This is possible through a combination of glare-free spotlights with adjustable areal wing lights. An individually programmed automation system controls the light dosage and timing during the day and night. The work is relevant for other shift work scenarios, where the presented example and the discussed rationale behind the automation might provide insights. The work is further relevant for other lighting scenarios beyond industrial shift work, as the nonvisual lighting simulation process can be adapted to any context.
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Buyukkinaci, B., S. Onaygil, O. Guler und MB Yurtseven. „Road lighting automation scenarios depending on traffic speed and volume“. Lighting Research & Technology 51, Nr. 6 (14.11.2018): 910–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153518812536.
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In this study, experimental studies that the authors have previously performed on a test road for fixed observer conditions to determine the visibility levels are extended to the moving observer position. As a result of the measurements and tests, when the vehicle speed is constant at the current speed limits for urban roads, it has been seen that the visibility level values in the calculation area remain within the acceptable limits and changing the luminous fluxes will not significantly change the visual performance of the drivers up to two lower lighting classes. It has been shown that the light level can be reduced to create two additional classes besides the current one when the traffic density decreases, at the times when vehicle speeds do not decrease. The results are applied as a case study on the Cendere Street. Road lighting classes are determined according to the EN 13201-1 Technical Report. Road lighting classes that can be applied at different times in the Cendere Street change between M3 and M5 according to the average speed of the passing vehicles, traffic density, road and ambient conditions. It is estimated that about 40% energy saving can be achieved when a lighting automation system is installed.
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Guerry, Estelle, Georges Zissis, Céline Caumon, Laurent Canale und Elodie Bécheras. „Conceptualization of color temperature scenario applied to quality lighting design.“ Color and Imaging Conference 2019, Nr. 1 (21.10.2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2019.27.19.
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Quality lighting is characterized by four major factors, one of them being the color temperature. When designed for elderly, this quality lighting can allow them to evolve within their environment safely, independently and above all comfort without having to focus on the effects of aging. This article aims to show the benefits of designing color temperature scenarios, made possible for example by dynamic LED lighting, thus contributing to the production of comfortable lighting and thus quality.
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Hughes, N., B. Ryan, M. Hallewell, N. Coad, A. Grant, N. Parrott, S. Roberts und K. Thompson. „Identifying new concepts for innovative lighting-based interventions to influence movement and behaviours in train stations“. Lighting Research & Technology 52, Nr. 8 (13.03.2020): 976–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153520904405.
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The disorderly and disrupted movement of passengers within train stations are key concerns in rail transport, especially where there are increasing numbers of passengers, coupled with often out-dated, adapted station spaces. With careful planning and design, different characteristics of lighting can be employed to address problems relating to the movement and behaviour of passengers in railway environments. This study aims to offer an approach to identify new concepts for lighting-based interventions to influence passenger movement behaviours within train stations. Behaviourally orientated lighting literature was reviewed, providing the knowledge base to inform a series of engagement activities with transport stakeholders and lighting technologists, to understand problematic behaviours and how these might be resolved through targeted lighting design. In combining findings from the literature with insights from rail and transport-related industry stakeholders and lighting specialists, a number of potential opportunities for novel applications of lighting have been identified. Six scenarios are developed that illustrate these opportunities for potential lighting-based interventions to influence train passenger movement and behaviour. These scenarios can be used to inform the direction of further research and consideration of how different lighting characteristics can affect rail passenger behaviours.
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Bouroussis, Constantinos A., und Annika K. Jägerbrand. „Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment“. Energies 15, Nr. 9 (19.04.2022): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15092983.
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Road lighting uniformity is an essential lighting quality parameter for motorists and pedestrians and varies with lighting design parameters. Increased road lighting uniformity may result in benefits, such as increased reassurance and perceived safety for pedestrians or an increased overall visual perception. However, no previous study has investigated how road lighting uniformity varies with lighting design scenarios or how the uniformity of various lighting design scenarios affects other essential parameters, such as energy performance and obtrusive light. This study aimed to investigate: (I) how uniformity varies with different road lighting design scenarios, and (II) how uniformity correlates with energy performance and risk for increasing spill light. The study is limited to pedestrian roads. We performed photometric calculations in ReluxDesktop for more than 1.5 million cases with single-sided pole arrangements and for various geometries of road width, pole distance, pole height, overhang, and luminaire tilt. The results were analyzed with a set of five relevant metrics that were calculated and analyzed together with uniformity. For the evaluation, we used the minimum luminaire power needed to achieve an average illuminance of 10 lx, the power density indicator (DP), edge illuminance ratio (REI), and we introduced two new indicators for spill light on the ground in the border areas: the extended edge illuminance ratio (extended REI) and the spill flux ratio (RSF). The results show that increased uniformity levels may significantly increase energy consumption and spill light, but that both these impacts can be relatively controlled if uniformity is kept under certain limits. The investigated cases also demonstrated that improper lighting planning significantly increases adverse effects, such as spill light.
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Carleo, Davide, Martina Gargiulo, Michelangelo Scorpio, Giovanni Ciampi, Luigi Corniello, Yorgos Spanodimitriou, Sergio Sibilio und Pilar Chìas. „Lighting Solutions to Improve the Valorisation and Fruition of the Parque del Retiro in Madrid“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, Nr. 2 (01.11.2021): 022083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022083.
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Abstract The lighting design of public spaces, and in particular of green areas, is becoming a growing interest in the contemporary culture, as more and more people are starting to enjoy cities at nighttime. In this study, the lighting design for two main areas of the Parque del Retiro in Madrid (Spain), the Puerta de España and the Paseo de las Estatuas de Reyes, is discussed. Two different lighting scenarios have been designed by means of the software DIALux evo, the first one with the aim of maximise the lighting effect and the second one with the aim to optimize the energy consumption while still allowing for the enhancement of the key characteristics of the two areas. A combined lighting design solution, obtained by using the two scenarios in a weekly schedule, allowed to achieve adequate levels of illumination, an improvement in the feeling of safety in visitors while optimizing energy consumption.
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Cantisani, Giuseppe, Paola Di Mascio und Laura Moretti. „Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Lighting Systems and Road Pavements in an Italian Twin-Tube Road Tunnel“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 11 (12.11.2018): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114165.
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This work calculates and discusses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of four scenarios composed of two types of road pavements and two types of lighting systems to be built in an Italian twin-tube road tunnel. A 20-year time horizon is adopted to assess the burdens of construction and maintenance of both flexible and rigid pavements and high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, traffic, and switching on of lamps. All considered scenarios are comparable with each other in terms of technical performances, but significantly differ regarding their environmental consequences. The geometrical and technical characteristics of the examined scenarios comply with current Italian standards for highways. In all the examined cases, LCA is carried out according to the European standard, EN 15804, and includes 19 impact categories (IC). The analysis demonstrates that the use of more reflecting surface pavement materials (i.e., concrete vs. asphalt) and more performing lighting systems (i.e., LED vs. HPS) can effectively mitigate the deleterious burdens related to road construction, maintenance, and use. For most of the examined ICs, the most environment-friendly scenario has LED lamps and concrete pavement.
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Fryc, Irena, Dariusz Czyżewski, Jiajie Fan und Catalin D. Gălăţanu. „The Drive towards Optimization of Road Lighting Energy Consumption Based on Mesopic Vision—A Suburban Street Case Study“. Energies 14, Nr. 4 (22.02.2021): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041175.
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This paper presents the research of optimization of road lighting energy consumption by utilizing the fact of human twilight and night vision (mesopic vision) dependency on luminance level and lamp’s light spectral composition. The research was conducted for a suburban street illuminated by smart LED road luminaires with a luminous flux control system with which different luminance levels can be achieved on the road. This road is an access road leading to a town located on the outskirts of Warsaw which is the capital of Poland and a large metropolitan area. Therefore, the traffic here is quite heavy on this road in the morning and in the evening and it is very light at other times of the day. In accordance with EN 13201 standard, lighting control can be applied to illuminate this road. This paper compares energy consumption for different lighting scenarios of the road in question. In the first scenario, the road luminance is compliant with M4, M5, and M6 lighting class requirements depending on the time of the day. In the second scenario, for each M lighting class, the values of luminance levels provided by EN 13201 standard have been reduced to the values resulting from their conversion to the corresponding mesopic luminance values. The conducted research has shown that a 15% saving per year in electricity consumption on the road is possible with such a conversion. Therefore, energy efficiency of a lighting installation can be improved by matching the lighting levels provided by the standard to the mesopic vision.
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Casamayor, JL, D. Su und Z. Ren. „Comparative life cycle assessment of LED lighting products“. Lighting Research & Technology 50, Nr. 6 (12.05.2017): 801–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517708597.
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The use of LED lighting products is growing rapidly. However, there are no in-depth, updated studies that show how to assess and compare these products for eco-design purposes. This research aims to inform eco-design by assessing and comparing the environmental impact of a new LED eco-lighting product with an existing LED lighting product. A cradle to grave life cycle assessment is conducted. The system boundaries include all product life cycle stages, except the maintenance of the luminaires and the manufacturing of the packaging. A novel functional unit is defined for the assessment, which is more suitable for LED lighting products. Six scenarios are considered, including three probable useful lives of the luminaires (1000, 15,000 and 40,000 hours) and two end of life options (domestic bin and recycling centre). The life cycle assessment results reveal that the new eco-lighting product has about 60% less environmental impact than the existing lighting product in all scenarios. The life cycle stages with the biggest impacts are, in decreasing order: (1) use, (2) manufacturing, (3) end of life and (4) transport. Recommendations for the eco-design of LED lighting products are proposed, and the challenges in applying life cycle assessment for eco-design are discussed.
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Pracki, Piotr, und Rafał Krupiński. „Brightness and Uniformity Perception of Virtual Corridor with Artificial Lighting Systems“. Energies 14, Nr. 2 (13.01.2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020412.
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This article compares the brightness and uniformity perception of virtual corridor displayed on computer screens and under different surrounding conditions, between two groups of respondents. The computer simulations of 10 lighting scenarios in the empty corridor, diverse in terms of luminance distribution and lighting power density, were developed. The visual assessment of the lighting effects was carried out on the basis of surveys. The respondents assessed the brightness and uniformity of each plane and entire corridor for each scenario, using semantic differential scaling. Each person from the first group individually made their evaluations on the same computer screen placed in the experimental box. Each person from the second group made the assessments on different computer screens, and all respondents from this group made the evaluations in the computer room at the same time. A high convergence of the results between the groups was found in the assessments of brightness and uniformity perception for consecutive lighting situations. In 93.75% of cases, the same perception in brightness and uniformity between the group means was achieved. A high convergence of the results between the groups in the assessment of brightness and uniformity perception for the same lighting situations was also demonstrated.
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Smith, Brandi, und Jeffrey Hallo. „Informing good lighting in parks through visitors’ perceptions and experiences“. International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 21, Nr. 2 (02.12.2019): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v21i02.93.
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Park visitors’ experiences and outdoor lighting are linked, but no studies have investigated visitor preferences for lighting in these locations, nor reasons for such preferences. Visitors’ preferences for lighting may help parks regulate and utilize lighting in a way that both protects resources and provides for quality night experiences. Brightness, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT), and context affects human perceptions of lighting. This paper examines these variables and related lighting preferences in settings common to parks: pathways, amphitheaters, and restrooms. Experimental lighting scenarios were setup at Acadia National Park for brightness ranges typical of each setting. CCTs were chosen based on those common for outdoor lighting – 3000K (yellow), 4200K (white), and 6000K (blue-white). Scenario light fixtures were operated by control boxes that enabled participants to switch between the three CCTs and to adjust brightness. A survey and semi-structure interviews collected data from visitors. Participants preferred 3000K at both the restroom and amphitheater, but 4200K at the pathway. A 6000K CCT was undesirable for all locations. Visitors’ preferred brightness ranged from 1.4 lux on the pathway to 10.5 lux at the restroom. The most frequently cited reasons for these choices were the desire to provide natural nighttime light levels, maintain natural darkness, create a soothing or subtle setting, and to avoid tripping or falling. Many participants indicated having both negative and positive experiences in parks caused by outdoor lighting. Parks must address outdoor lighting if they are to comprehensively manage the nighttime environment and nighttime visitor experiences common in these places.
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Pyataeva, Anna. „Dynamic texture recognition under adverse lighting and weather conditions for outdoor environments“. E3S Web of Conferences 75 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197501008.
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Recognizing dynamic patterns based on visual processing is significant for many applications. In this paper dynamic texture recognition focuses on outdoor scenarios where a crisis event might occur (i.e. fire in a forest, floods/flooding etc.) Real outdoor scenes may include the objects with dynamic behaviour due to illumination, blurring, or weather conditions effects. Under bad weather conditions the imaging systems is degraded and produce low visibility images. In this work precipitation artefacts and lightning effects for dynamic texture analysis were studied. Experimental results show that the proposed method of weather and adverse lighting effects compensation is feasible and effective for videobased dynamic texture analysis under bad weather conditions.
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Gordic, Dusan, Vladimir Vukasinovic, Zoran Kovacevic, Mladen Josijevic und Dubravka Zivkovic. „Assessing the Techno-Economic Effects of Replacing Energy-Inefficient Street Lighting with LED Corn Bulbs“. Energies 14, Nr. 13 (23.06.2021): 3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133755.
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The costs related to the operation of street lighting can be significant expenses for municipalities; therefore, it is very important to take advantage of opportunities for improving energy efficiency. In this paper, the authors studied the effects of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in a street lighting system. Different scenarios, including replacing luminaires, replacing inefficient lamps, and installing a dimming control system, are analysed. The model includes a detailed analysis of the techno-economic characteristics of both LED street luminaires and LED corn bulbs available on the market. The results show that the replacement of low-power, high-intensity discharge lamps with LED corn bulbs is an economically favourable solution that provides desirable economic project parameters with relatively low investments. Moreover, in the case of a relatively low price of electricity for street lighting, it is the preferable solution in most scenarios.
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Tomasovits, M., T. Balafoutis, L. T. Doulos und S. Zerefos. „Overview of a method for lighting the facades of historic buildings by considering light pollution as a design factor“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 899, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/899/1/012037.
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Abstract The objective of this research is the study of lighting the facades of historic buildings having as an orientation the reduction of dire effects of light pollution on the environment and humans. Lighting is an important way of underlining characteristics of historic buildings, such as beauty and identity, which form part of our cultural heritage. Scientists have outlined the effects of light pollution on the environment and people and therefore the lighting designer should apply efficient lighting design proposals that are environmentally and human friendly, according to the architecture of a building. This research proposes a methodology for calculating the levels of light pollution that are caused by different exterior lighting scenarios for historic buildings.
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Son, Vo Que, und Le Minh Phuong. „A Networking Framework for Smart Street Lighting System using 6LoWPAN/IPv6“. Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 4, Nr. 1 (30.09.2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2018.65.
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Up to now, smart lighting solutions have been researched and deployed in many cities around the world. This application has saved much energy due to the capability of optimizing the lighting control mechanism. In this paper, a framework used for smart lighting system is proposed under the consideration of many issues such as hardware devices, routing protocol, security, and scalability in layers. The performance evaluation is also investigated in several simulated scenarios and test-beds to show the advantages of the proposed framework.
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Sun, Ching-Cherng, Shih-Hsin Ma und Quang-Khoi Nguyen. „Advanced LED Solid-State Lighting Optics“. Crystals 10, Nr. 9 (27.08.2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090758.
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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been intensively studied for white-light lighting since their luminous efficacy exceeds 50 lm/W. Currently, the luminous efficacy of an LED light tube/bulb is almost above 100 lm/W. LED solid-state lighting (SSL) has unequivocally become the major light source in general lighting. The fact of high efficiency and other advantages of LED SSL is enough to penetrate all lighting scenarios. However, what people demand from new-generation lighting is not only in energy efficiency but also in lighting quality. Thus, how to make the lighting more user friendly is one of the important issues, and, here, optics is the key point. For making a collection with the discussions of the novel optical design in enhancing lighting efficiency in a more uniform illumination pattern, in higher sharpness for special lighting, in a higher signal-to-noise ratio for communication, in more functions for new applications, etc., this Special Issue of “Advanced LED Solid-State Lighting Optics” focuses on advanced applications in all aspects.
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Schneider, Joerg, Andreas Ermert und Helmut Strasser. „Effects of illumination and inclination of test objects on the detectability of surface flaws“. Occupational Ergonomics 8, Nr. 4 (07.12.2009): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2009-0170.
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In order to optimize the illumination of industrial visual testing and inspection workplaces, the limits of the detectability of 3-dimensional details have to be determined for different surfaces and lighting scenarios. For this reason, the influence of the inclination of samples on luminance and contrast was examined, and additionally laboratory tests were carried out to measure visual acuity when detecting flaws on the surfaces of different materials at various illuminations. The results were compared to the subjective assessment of test subjects (Ss) who participated in the laboratory tests. It turned out that all results are strongly dependent on the inclination of the samples rather than on the lighting scenarios applied.
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Makaremi, Nastaran, Samuele Schiavoni, Anna L. Pisello und Franco Cotana. „Effects of surface reflectance and lighting design strategies on energy consumption and visual comfort“. Indoor and Built Environment 28, Nr. 4 (09.08.2018): 552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18793170.
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Globally, artificial lighting accounts for a considerable part of electrical energy consumption in buildings. Hence, there is a need to design appropriate lighting scenarios for buildings in a way to reduce energy while meeting visual comfort requirements. This research aims to investigate the effects of applying different design strategies on lighting energy use and visual comfort level. Surface finishing reflectance, type, number and mounting height of luminaires are variables in the study. Lighting design software DIALux evo 7.0 provides simulations of a real scale room according to different scenarios whose models were calibrated and validated using experimental field data. The findings indicate that the type of luminaire is the most decisive parameter in quantity and quality of light in an indoor environment. However, increasing the indoor surface reflectance plays a key role in improving energy efficiency and visual comfort. The results show the possibility of electrical energy savings up to 45% by increasing surface reflectance properties. Finally, this paper stresses that there is no single design solution to guarantee both low energy demand and high visual quality, therefore integrating different strategies based on the type of task and the occupant’s activities is highly recommended.
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Hidayat, Ivan, Faridah und Sentagi Sesotya Utami. „Activity Based Smart Lighting Control For Energy Efficient Building By Neural Network Model“. E3S Web of Conferences 43 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184301017.
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The goal of this research is to attain a smart control algorithm that can be used in a lighting system based on the activities of a building's occupants, using the neutral network model method. The study case of this research is the activities inside the Asrama Mahasiswa Kinanti UGM building. Control algorithm was built based on qualitative data from the occupants of the building, which were more or less the daily activities of the occupants. The results of the qualitative data will be essential in choosing a sensor and its placement. Several scenarios of activities represented by the combination of sensors' outputs are used as the control system input. The optimum illumination of the lighting system for these scenarios was produced through simulation using DIALux. An artificial neural network model was then developed and used as the smart control algorithm. Input for the neural network is the combination of sensor output and illumination output for each scenarios, given the simulation results. Based on the qualitative data acquired through a survey of the occupants' activities, the design of the lighting control system requires a system that uses occupancy sensors, weight sensors, photoelectric sensors, and photo sensors. The various positions and activities being done by the occupants are represented by the sensors output. A manual remote will be used to adjust the sensors regarding details that cannot be specifically detected. Ongoing specific activities inside the inhabited room gives off a system output. This scenario portrays the lighting conditions of the room, which includes the number of lights that are turned on or turned off. A smart control algorithm was developed using the backpropagation neural network model with 10 neuron inputs, the first hidden layer with 20 neurons, second hidden layer with 20 neurons, whilst the output layer has 5 neurons. The activated function for the first hidden layer is tan-sigmoid, for the second hidden layer is log-sigmoid, and the output layer is using pure linear. The training function uses trainlm. The MSE system's value is 2.72 x 10-8 with a larger R total value, which is 0.99892.
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Gonzaga, Filipe Pohlmann, und Mohamed Akdidach. „Innovative Lighting Systems: Opportunities for Energy Savings“. Journal of Management and Sustainability 12, Nr. 1 (23.05.2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v12n1p122.
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This paper analyses, from an energy flow perspective, the implementation of smart lighting systems in street lighting, where lights are dimmed to adapt to the flow of objects passing in a street. The research focus on the sustainability perspective of implementing a transition to smart lighting systems when compared to regular LED lighting. To account for externalities, the energy flow was addressed considering the extra electronic devices used in a smart lighting system (controllers, motion sensors, radars, and computers).
To compare both traditional LED street lighting and smart lighting the paper started with a model of a 2.5-kilometre street, scaling up scenarios of the commune Ecublens, in the Swiss canton of Vaud, and then to half and all residential streets of Switzerland were examined to understand if the gains in energy savings are scalable.
The research shows that, even with the additional electronic devices, the smart lighting system reduces the energy consumption of street lighting, even when considering the production of the extra components used. Financially, the extra costs of implementing smart lighting systems are offset by the savings in electricity consumption. Therefore, smart lighting systems for street lighting can be an environmentally and economically beneficial project to implement.
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Bajracharya, Iswor, und Nawraj Bhattarai. „System Dynamics Modeling of Lighting Electricity Demand in the Urban Residential Sector of Nepal“. Journal of Development and Administrative Studies 23, Nr. 1-2 (11.08.2016): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodas.v23i1-2.15447.
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A significant portion of the total electricity is consumed in the residential sector of Nepal, mainly for lighting purpose. In this study, a model has been developed using the concept of system dynamics to analyze the dynamics of the changes in the urban residential lighting electricity demand up to the year 2030. A system dynamics modeling tool, Venism, has been used for this purpose. This study is useful for the utilities of companies for the power capacity expansion planning. Altogether three different scenarios have been developed. They are Reference Scenario (Ref), LED Lamp (LL) Scenario and Incandescent Lamp Remove (ILR) Scenario. The study has shown that lighting electricity consumption has already been in the decreasing trend due to the increasing use of Clear Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and will be the minimum somewhere in the year between 2021 and 2022. Only a small portion of the total electricity will be consumed for lighting the household in the urban residential sector of Nepal in the coming decade. Therefore, government should focus the urban energy efficiency program for other uses of electricity such as cooking, water heating and water pumping etc. so that a significant amount of electricity can be saved in the urban households of Nepal. This study has also shown that there is no difference between the use of CFL and LED lamps from the energy saving point of view. Therefore, like the case of incandescent lamp and CFL, there is no need to encourage the people to buy LED lamp instead of CFL.The Journal of Development and Administrative Studies (JODAS)Vol. 23(1-2), pp. 33-54
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Maier, Julia, Oliver Zierke, Hans-Juergen Hoermann und Ivan Windemut. „Subjectivity of Lighting Perception and Comfort: The Role of Preferences and Expectations“. Environment and Behavior 49, Nr. 10 (16.11.2016): 1105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916516678905.
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Lighting in passenger rail cars is designed according to defined standards to implement a safe and healthy as well as comfortable lighting situation for the passengers. However, not every passenger’s demands are met by average lighting conditions; individual preferences are well-known to influence participants’ comfort sensations. To further explain the role of individual preferences and expectations regarded as stable dispositions, sensations of 40 participants were analyzed in a mock-up of a passenger rail car of the Next Generation Train (NGT) using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) luminaire. Two lighting scenarios (100 lx and 150 lx) were used as levels of the independent variable. Results confirm that individual preferences and expectations have an influence on the perception and evaluation of the lighting situation. Moreover, positive expectations were found to have a somewhat higher impact for subjective reactions than illuminance had and should thus be considered in future lighting research and design.
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Jayaweera, Nadeeka, Upendra Rajapaksha und Inoka Manthilake. „ENHANCING THE DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES IN HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN DENSE URBAN TROPICS“. Journal of Green Building 16, Nr. 3 (01.06.2021): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.3.87.
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ABSTRACT This study examines the daylight and energy performance of 27 external shading scenarios in a high-rise residential building in the urban tropics. The cooling energy, daytime lighting energy and the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA) of the building model were simulated in Rhino3D and Grasshopper simulation software. The best performance scenario (vertical and horizontal shading on the twentieth floor, horizontal shading only for the eleventh floor and no shading for the second floor) satisfied 75 sDA(300lx|50) with corresponding annual enery performance of 16%–20% in the cardinal directions. The baseline scenario, which is the current practice of providing balconies on all floors, reduced daylight to less than 75 sDA on the eleventh and second floor, even though it had higher annual enery performance (19%–24%) than the best performance scenario. Application of the design principles to a case study indicated that 58% of the spaces had over 75 sDA for both Baseline and Best performance scenarios, while an increase in enery performance of 1%–3% was found in the Best performance scenario compared to the Baseline.
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Pracki, Piotr, Michał Dziedzicki und Paulina Komorzycka. „Ceiling and Wall Illumination, Utilance, and Power in Interior Lighting“. Energies 13, Nr. 18 (11.09.2020): 4744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184744.
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The common use of electric lighting in interiors has led to the need to search for user- and environmentally-friendly solutions. In this research, the impact of the luminaires and room parameters on the selected parameters of general lighting in interiors was assessed. To achieve the objective of this work, a computer simulation and statistical analysis of results were conducted. The illuminance uniformity on work plane, ceiling and wall relative illuminances, utilance, and normalized power density of lighting installations for 432 situations were analyzed in detail. The scenarios were varied in terms of room size, reflectance, lighting class, luminaire downward luminous intensity distribution, and layout. The lighting class was a factor having the highest impact on ceiling and wall illumination, utilance, and power. It was also shown that the impact of lighting class on ceiling illumination, utilance and power, was different in interiors of various sizes. The impact of reflectances and luminaire layouts on the analyzed parameters was significantly lower. The results also demonstrated that the use of different lighting classes gave the possibility of reducing the power of general lighting in interiors at a level of 30% on average. Based on the results, a classification of energy efficiency in general lighting in interiors was also proposed. Understanding the correlations between the lighting system used and the effects achieved is helpful in obtaining comfortable and efficient lighting solutions in interiors.
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Bonomolo, Marina, Cristina Baglivo, Giacomo Bianco, Paolo Maria Congedo und Marco Beccali. „Cost optimal analysis of lighting retrofit scenarios in educational buildings in Italy“. Energy Procedia 126 (September 2017): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.137.
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Sun, Baoshi, Qiaoli Zhang und Shi Cao. „Development and Implementation of a Self-Optimizable Smart Lighting System Based on Learning Context in Classroom“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 4 (13.02.2020): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041217.
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Illumination is one of the most important environmental factors in the classroom. Researchers have discovered that lighting settings have significant impact on students’ performance. Although light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems can precisely control brightness level and correlated color temperature (CCT), existing designs of LED lighting control systems for classrooms are focused on energy-saving but lack context-based illumination control ability. In this study, a smart lighting system with continuous evolution capability was developed. It can adjust brightness, CCT, and illuminance distribution dynamically according to specific learning context. This system allows not only manual control, but also automatic switching of scenes by integrating with school schedules. Based on existing knowledge about lighting preference, 10 lighting modes confined in the comfortable zone of Kruithof curve were proposed for various classroom scenarios. Moreover, a classroom environmental data-processing framework for collecting and analyzing learning context, illumination settings, environmental data, and students’ performance data was introduced. This framework can help researchers explore the correlation between student performance and environmental parameters.
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Walker, Constance E., und Stephen M. Pompea. „The Quality Lighting Teaching Kit: Utilizing Problem-Based Learning in Classrooms“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319005416.
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AbstarctThe U.S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory’s Education and Public Outreach group has produced a Quality Lighting Teaching Kit. The kits are designed around problem-based learning scenarios. The kit’s six activities allow students to address real lighting problems that relate to wildlife, sky glow, aging eyes, energy consumption, safety, and light trespass. The activities are optimized for 11-16 year olds. As part of the IAU100 celebration, the kits will be manufactured and made available to observatories and communities around the world.
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Schmierer, Marc, Holger Brueck, Folkard Asch und Joachim Sauerborn. „Estimating the quantum requirements for plant growth and related electricity demand for LED lighting systems“. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 16, Nr. 1 (18.02.2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00003-021-01314-4.
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AbstractIndoor plant production systems with artificial lighting are considered an emerging technology contributing to biomass-based value webs. The viability of this concept greatly relies on the energy requirements (ER, Watt) for lighting. We estimated the ER for plant growth by calculating the conversion efficiency of electricity to light of solid-state light-emitting diodes (LED) and the quantum requirements for plant growth of a fictional plant stand producing 2500 g of dry weight per m2 of ground during 100 days, representing a high productivity benchmark of field crops. The quantum output (µmol s−1 W−1) of eight LEDs of different colours varied between 0.78 for green and 2.54 for deep red. Uncertainty in the H+ demand for ATP synthesis during photosynthesis, the relative portion of photorespiration and the fraction of light intercepted by plant canopies (fabs) were considered in a pessimistic (PA) and optimistic (OA) approach of calculation of ER. Cumulative ER were 606 and 265 kWh m−2 for the PA and OA scenarios. The energy conversion efficiencies in the PA and OA scenarios were 2.07 and 4.72%. Estimates of energy savings by suppressing photorespiration and increasing fabs vary between 24 and 38%. The peak daily ER were 9.44 and 4.14 kWh in the PA and OA scenarios. Results are discussed in the context of the design of lighting in indoor plant production systems and commercial greenhouses where natural fluctuation in solar radiation could be balanced by dimmable LED panels.
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Bui, Thai-Chien, Suwit Kiravittaya, Keattisak Sripimanwat und Nam-Hoang Nguyen. „A Comprehensive Lighting Configuration for Efficient Indoor Visible Light Communication Networks“. International Journal of Optics 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8969514.
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Design of an efficient indoor visible light communication (VLC) system requires careful considerations on both illumination and communication aspects. Besides fundamental factors such as received power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level, studies on mobility scenarios and link switching process must be done in order to achieve good communication link quality in such systems. In this paper, a comprehensive lighting configuration for efficient indoor VLC systems for supporting mobility and link switching with constraint on illumination, received power, and SNR is proposed. Full connectivity in mobility scenarios is required to make the system more practical. However, different from other literatures, our work highlights the significance of recognizing the main influences of field of view angle on the connectivity performance in the practical indoor scenarios. A flexible link switching initiation algorithm based on the consideration of relative received power with adaptive hysteresis margin is demonstrated. In this regard, we investigate the effect of the overlap area between two light sources with respect to the point view of the receiver on the link switching performance. The simulation results show that an indoor VLC system with sufficient illumination level and high communication link quality as well as full mobility and support link switching can be achieved using our approach.
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Martinek, Radek, Petr Bilik, Jan Baros, Jindrich Brablik, Radana Kahankova, Rene Jaros, Lukas Danys, Jaroslav Rzidky und He Wen. „Design of a Measuring System for Electricity Quality Monitoring within the SMART Street Lighting Test Polygon: Pilot Study on Adaptive Current Control Strategy for Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filters“. Sensors 20, Nr. 6 (19.03.2020): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061718.
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This study focuses on the design of a measuring system for monitoring the power quality within the SMART street lighting test polygon at university campuses with relation to testing an adaptive current control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filters. Unlike conventional street lighting, SMART elements are powered 24/7. Due to the electronic character of the power part of such mass appliances, there are increased problems with the power quality of the electric energy. Compared to the current concept of street lighting, there is a significant increase in the content of higher current harmonic components, which cause several problems in the distribution system. The test polygon contains 16 luminaires made by various manufacturers and mounted with various SMART components. Using the polygon control and monitoring system, dynamic load scenarios were selected. These scenarios tested the possibilities of different adaptive current control strategies for three-phase shunt active power filters to improve the power quality of electricity. This study focuses on three adaptive algorithms that respond to dynamic changes of current harmonics level in real-time. The possibility of active filter control was tested using FPGA, mainly due to the low latency of the filter control part.
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Gorgulu, Sertac, und Sureyya Kocabey. „An energy saving potential analysis of lighting retrofit scenarios in outdoor lighting systems: A case study for a university campus“. Journal of Cleaner Production 260 (Juli 2020): 121060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121060.
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Karyono, Karyono, Badr Abdullah, Alison Cotgrave und Ana Bras. „A Novel Adaptive Lighting System Which Considers Behavioral Adaptation Aspects for Visually Impaired People“. Buildings 10, Nr. 9 (21.09.2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090168.
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The number of visually impaired people and elderly people groups are significant, but the current lighting system used in buildings, which is based on the current standard, cannot provide the necessary lighting comfort for them. The lighting system should provide the correct illuminance for every activity and even pattern of light. This research presents the work in progress in developing the novel adaptive lighting system tailored for visually impaired people, which becomes the solution to the problem. The behavioral adaptation aspects and the experience and memory principle are taken into account in the system design. It also makes use of the latest independent adjustable artificial light (LED) technology, to get an even pattern of lighting, while still considering efficient energy usage. The proposed system structure uses a wireless sensor network (WSN), big data processing, and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) sub-system, which can predict and adaptively regulate the illumination level based on the occupant’s needs and routines. The initial simulation of the lighting model is presented in this paper. The simulation uses five scenarios in different seasons and daylight. The simulation shows satisfactory results for illuminance values 200, 250, 300, 500, and 750 lux, needed by the occupants.
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Wang, Lianyu. „Home intelligent lighting control system based on wireless sensor“. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, Nr. 5 (02.03.2020): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-07-2019-0187.
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Purpose Intelligent lighting control system can control lights to go off when people leave, which has been widely concerned by researchers. Design/methodology/approach In this study, an intelligent lighting control system based on wireless sensor network was designed. First, the hardware and software designs of the system were described briefly. Then, the lighting control algorithm was analyzed emphatically. Considering the illumination and uniformity of light, an intelligent lighting control algorithm based on gradient descent was designed. Findings In the system test, it was found that the system had a good through-wall communication function, and the communication distance could fully meet the system requirements and run normally. In the test of the lighting control algorithm, it was found that the user’s satisfaction on uniformity in different scenarios was close to 1, and the satisfaction on illumination could also meet the user’s needs, which verified the reliability of the lighting control algorithm. Originality/value This study provides some theoretical supports for the better application of wireless sensor network in intelligent light control system, which is conducive to the further development of light control system.
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Shamseldin, Amal. „Improvement of the Psychological Lighting Effect Assessment in the Environmental Building Rating Systems“. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 29, Nr. 2 (27.10.2021): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.28475.
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Green Architecture is not only about the way of controlling the resources consumption within sustainable limits, but it also emphasizes the positive effect on the different human requirements including his physiological sides. People spend a lot of time indoors under artificial lighting that usually lacks the dynamism and biological effect of daylight. Dynamic lighting, as an application of circadian lighting, has been used and studied in several buildings' functions with different scenarios to achieve better human performance and wellbeing. This article shed a light on the importance and the way of including the circadian lighting effects within the globally-concerned Environmental Building Rating Systems (EBRSs); to advance more steps towards the Green Architecture goals when assessing buildings. Then, it proposed the use of qualitative metrics such as a linked Kano model questionnaire to the EBRSs besides their quantitative metrics; to ensure the proper lighting characteristics and the achievement of the users’ desired satisfaction and wellbeing by more accurate and creditable results. Then, case studies were used to prove the importance of using the proposed qualitative metric within the EBRSs.
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Ohn, Jung-Ghun, Jee-Ho No und Ji-Eun Baek. „Modularization of Emergency Broadcasting and Lighting Considering Emergency Scenarios of Urban Railway Vehicle“. Journal of The Korean Society For Urban Railway 6, Nr. 4 (31.12.2018): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.24284/jkosur.2018.12.6.4.299.
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Sullivan, John M., und Michael J. Flannagan. „Determining the potential safety benefit of improved lighting in three pedestrian crash scenarios“. Accident Analysis & Prevention 39, Nr. 3 (Mai 2007): 638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2006.10.010.
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Boukerche, Azzedine, und Zhijun Hou. „Object Detection Using Deep Learning Methods in Traffic Scenarios“. ACM Computing Surveys 54, Nr. 2 (April 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434398.
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The recent boom of autonomous driving nowadays has made object detection in traffic scenes a hot topic of research. Designed to classify and locate instances in the image, this is a basic but challenging task in the computer vision field. With its powerful feature extraction abilities, which are vital for object detection, deep learning has expanded its application areas to this field during the past several years and thus achieved breakthroughs. However, even with such powerful approaches, traffic scenarios have their own specific challenges, such as real-time detection, changeable weather, and complex lighting conditions. This survey is dedicated to summarizing research and papers on applying deep learning to the transportation environment in recent years. More than 100 research papers are covered, and different aspects such as key generic object detection frameworks, categorized object detection applications in traffic scenario, evaluation metrics, and classified datasets are included. Some open research fields are also provided. We believe that it is the first survey focusing on deep learning-based object detection in traffic scenario.
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Misener, James A., H. S. Jacob Tsao, Bongsob Song und Aaron Steinfeld. „Emergence of a Cognitive Car-Following Driver Model: Application to Rear-End Crashes with a Stopped Lead Vehicle“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1724, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1724-05.
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Rear-end crashes are a major roadway safety problem, and the potential of crash countermeasures to address this has long been recognized. High-frequency or severe-consequence scenarios are focused on the general lead-vehicle-not-moving (LVNM) case and specific crash scenarios. Operating scenarios are identified, and frequencies are assessed. From these, a small number of prevalent LVNM crash scenarios are identified as the focus for subsequent model development and crash counter-measure efforts. These scenarios suggest nominal atmospheric, roadway, lighting, vehicle, and driver conditions in designing cost-effective safety features to avoid LVNM rear-end crashes. From this, emergent models for cognitive car following are developed, based on fusing current knowledge. This will serve as a foundation for further model development efforts as well as for future human-factors experiments.
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Darula, S., und M. Malikova. „Building envelope and energy demand in retrofitting office“. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 9, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2018): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2018.9.2.1.
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Building envelopes have a significant role in the protection of interiors against weather conditions. While wind, rain barriers and barriers against excessive heat gains were constructed from insufficient elements in the past, the current requirements for envelope functions are different. New materials and technologies allow for more complex design and evaluation of parameters in regard to the needs of occupants and economical interior performance. This paper is focused on the daylighting solutions inside lit office space in which renovation of the lighting system is expected. Several retrofit scenarios based on window shading variations and lighting systems are investigated. Achieved results are evaluated from the point of view of energy demand. The integrative multi-platform tool, the Lighting Retrofit Adviser (LRA) is applied to calculate energy renovation preferences and to accept decision.
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Kang, Hee Jin, Dongkon Lee, Jong Gye Shin, Gyeong Joong Lee und Jin Choi. „Interactive Escape Route Control for Passenger Ships Using Emergency Lighting“. Marine Technology Society Journal 44, Nr. 5 (01.09.2010): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.5.1.
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AbstractMaritime accidents lead to massive loss of life and property. In the case of passenger ships, the potential for damage is especially high. Although the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) of the International Maritime Organization has recently increased the regulation of passenger ship safety, serious accidents continue to occur.A large passenger ship (e.g., a cruise ship) is very wide and contains a complex population of passengers; it is difficult for crew members to be aware of each passenger’s location and idiosyncrasies. Such knowledge could be used by crew members in normal conditions to control the passengers, thereby avoiding dangerous scenarios. In an emergency situation, the same knowledge can help crew members control the flow of escape and help passengers, including handicapped persons, children, and the elderly.In this paper, we examine the use of emergency lighting and wireless sensor networks to create a new methodology for interactive escape route control. The sensor network consists of a wireless system (i.e., ZigBee) that collects raw data from each passenger. These data are then used to determine escape routes, which are communicated to the crew via emergency lighting. We also include simulation results of the proposed interactive escape route control for selected scenarios.
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Carrier, Michel, André Gosselin und Laurent Gauthier. „Description of a Crop Growth Model for the Management of Supplemental Lighting in Greenhouses“. HortTechnology 4, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1994): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.4.383.
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A dynamic management strategy for supplemental lighting in greenhouses was developed. It makes use of a plant growth model and of a rule-based decisionmaking protocol within the framework of a generic greenhouse climate management software system. The model, an adapted version of SUCROS87, tracks plant growth and predicts dry weight production based on measured or estimated values of light intensity, temperature, and CO2 concentration. A set of logical predicates (rules) implements the strategy's behavior. Optimization of lamp use was conducted as a function of economic criteria that enable a comparison between the additional income associated with yield increases due to supplemental lighting and incurred cost increases. Although the model is not perfectly reliable in its predictions, the system can be used to simulate the effect of changes to economic parameters on the decisions of the management strategy. The dynamic strategy described here differs from conventional supplemental lighting scenarios in the sense that it increases the length of the period of supplemental lighting when the daily solar light integral is low, and reduces or eliminates the use of supplemental lighting when the weather forecast predicts that the daily solar light integral will exceed plant requirements.