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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Lighting scenarios“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Lighting scenarios"
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Brombach, Johannes, Thorsten Hütte und Helmut Strasser. „Surface-specific lighting scenarios enhancing the perceptibility of 3-dimensional flaws“. Occupational Ergonomics 6, Nr. 2 (04.12.2006): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2006-6203.
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In order to rate the ergonomic quality of lighting scenarios with respect to the use of directional and diffuse lighting in laboratory studies, Landolt rings (test signs) were carved into typical industrially manufactured surfaces via laser, representing three-dimensional "reliefs." Besides illumination with a luminance level of 750 lx (lighting scenario 1), which is recommended for inspection tasks according to a European standard, diffuse light (lighting scenario 2), directional light (lighting scenario 3), and lighting which was specifically chosen for each of the five surface types (lighting scenarios 4–8 were utilized. The general result of the analysis of the objective data showed that three-dimensional reliefs on typical industrially manufactured surfaces are usually easier to recognize under directional light (lighting scenario 3) than under diffuse light (lighting scenario 2). At the same time, however, the test subjects indicated on the questionnaires that illumination with pure directional light was often perceived as uncomfortable. Illuminations which combined directional and diffuse light were usually a good compromise between the objective results and the subjective evaluations and can generally be recommended for mainly diffuse reflecting surfaces.
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Çıbuk, Musa. „Reducing Energy Consumption in Single-Hop and Multi-Hop Topologies of Road Lighting Communication Network“. Light & Engineering, Nr. 04-2020 (August 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-027.
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This study aims to make the wireless sensor network based on a linear topology required in road lighting energy-efficient using the proposed new methods. Because the physical installation of road lighting systems will result in costliness and time-labour loss, the mentioned scenarios were created and analysed in a simulation design. Two new methods were proposed to organize the lighting system more quickly and to increase the speed performance of sensors that join the network and carrying the luminaire data. This is the proxy-based network connection method and a new time-division method for the nodes’ common channel access. Energy consumption scenarios for lighting systems with 50, 100, 150, and 200 luminaires were analysed comparatively during data exchange using wireless sensor networks. Accordingly, the classical method and the proposed novel method were evaluated for the singleand multi-hop scenarios. In the communication between luminaires, the proposed new method for a single-hop scenario was at least 80 % more efficient than the classical method in terms of total energy consumption. In linear topology lighting systems for the same scenario, if the classical method is compared with the proposed new method for 3-hop structures, 58 % efficiency of total energy consumption is achieved.
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Kretzer, David Michael, und Michael Walczak. „The Impact of Vertical Densification on Public Lighting in Informal Settlements: Using Virtual Environments as an Evaluation Tool for Policy Making“. ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 7, Nr. 2 (02.03.2021): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.7-2-4.
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There are a variety of reasons to support the premise that public lighting is beneficial to urban communities. At the same time, a key challenge for the provision of public lighting in informal settlements is their constant physical transformation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the application of virtual environments (VEs) in lighting planning and policy making. Despite the fact that VEs offer the opportunity to explore an environment by freely navigating through it, including environments that change over time, this feature is rarely taken into account in decision-making processes. A VE-based analysis tool for informal settlement lighting is presented using a case-study street in the informal settlement of Caracolí in Bogotá as its basis. A household survey, spatial measurements, participants’ observations, and luminous intensity distribution curves constituted the main data set for the VE scenarios. Time-related data on the incremental construction of Caracolí’s informal dwellings was collected by the household survey and that data was then projected into past, present, and future night-time scenarios. The lighting quality of these different scenarios was systematically evaluated via lighting calculation software, revealing a variety of shortcomings caused by the current lighting approach. Based on these findings, an alternative lighting approach was developed and re-examined using lighting calculations. Finally, custom game-engine technology and GPU computing were deployed, which allowed for real-time visualisation of the different lighting scenarios and their lighting quality. This setup therefore enables fast iterative feedback loops for current and future lighting policy scenarios and the resulting lighting design. In the first instance, a VE can illustrate well how current lighting policy results in a significant delay of lighting provision in the early stage of a settlement as well as highlighting the mismatch between lighting technology and the built environment during the vertical densification phases. Second, the VE is able to showcase alternative lighting technologies and policy approaches as well as the resulting lighting effects, enabling a visual comparison of different policy scenarios over several decades. In conclusion it will be argued that the dynamic VE technology appears to be a promising decision-making tool for illustrating potential planning and design shortcomings to policy stakeholders in a manner understandable to the layman.
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Buyukkinaci, B., S. Onaygil, O. Guler und MB Yurtseven. „Determining minimum visibility levels in different road lighting scenarios“. Lighting Research & Technology 50, Nr. 7 (17.05.2017): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517709868.
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This study investigates visibility levels for different road lighting scenarios. Four different road lighting classes (M2, M3, M4, M5), two different colour temperature luminaires (4000 K and 6000 K) and four different critical object reflectances (0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50) were used to determine the effects of lighting classes and colour temperatures on the critical object detection. In total, 1920 photographs were taken on a test road and visibility levels were calculated for each case. From these 1920 visibility levels, photographs corresponding to 245 visibility level values ranging from 1 to 9 were selected and evaluated by 30 subjects aged between 25 and 35 years in a laboratory environment. As a result of the study, it was shown that visibility levels are between 7.0 and 8.5 for road lighting classes ranging from M2 to M5, illuminated by light sources with different colour temperatures, for 100% detection of critical objects. This result is in line with the suggested VL values changing between 7 and 10 in the literature.
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Noubissie Tientcheu, Simplice Igor, Shyama P. Chowdhury und Thomas O. Olwal. „Intelligent Energy Management Strategy for Automated Office Buildings“. Energies 12, Nr. 22 (13.11.2019): 4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224326.
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The increasing demand to reduce the high consumption of end-use energy in office buildings framed the objective of this work, which was to design an intelligent system management that could be utilized to minimize office buildings’ energy consumption from the national electricity grid. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and lighting are the two main consumers of electricity in office buildings. Advanced automation and control systems for buildings and their components have been developed by researchers to achieve low energy consumption in office buildings without considering integrating the load consumed and the Photovoltaic system (PV) input to the controller. This study investigated the use of PV to power the HVAC and lighting equipped with a suitable control strategy to improve energy saving within a building, especially in office buildings where there are reports of high misuse of electricity. The intelligent system was modelled using occupant activities, weather condition changes, load consumed and PV energy changes, as input to the control system of lighting and HVAC. The model was verified and tested using specialized simulation tools (Simulink®) and was subsequently used to investigate the impact of an integrated system on energy consumption, based on three scenarios. In addition, the direct impact on reduced energy cost was also analysed. The first scenario was tested in simulation of four offices building in a civil building in South Africa of a single occupant’s activities, weather conditions, temperature and the simulation resulted in savings of HVAC energy and lighting energy of 13% and 29%, respectively. In the second scenario, the four offices were tested in simulation due to the loads’ management plus temperature and occupancy and it resulted in a saving of 20% of HVAC energy and 29% of lighting electrical energy. The third scenario, which tested integrating PV energy (thus, the approach utilized) with the above-mentioned scenarios, resulted in, respectively, 64% and 73% of HVAC energy and lighting electrical energy saved. This saving was greater than that of the first two scenarios. The results of the system developed demonstrated that the loads’ control and the PV integration combined with the occupancy, weather and temperature control, could lead to a significant saving of energy within office buildings.
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Doulos, Lambros T., Ioannis Sioutis, Aris Tsangrassoulis, Laurent Canale und Kostantinos Faidas. „Revision of Threshold Luminance Levels in Tunnels Aiming to Minimize Energy Consumption at No Cost: Methodology and Case Studies“. Energies 13, Nr. 7 (03.04.2020): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071707.
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Because of the absence of lighting calculation tools at the initial stage of tunnel design, the lighting systems are usually over-dimensioned, leading to over illumination and increased energy consumption. For this reason, a fine-tuning method for switching lighting stages according to the traffic weighted L20 luminance is proposed at no additional cost. The method was applied in a real –case scenario, where L20 luminance of the access zone at eleven (11) existing tunnels was calculated. The traffic weighted method of CR14380 was used in order to calculate the actual luminance levels for the entrance zone. The new transition zone, which decreases luminance curves, was produced and compared with the existing ones. Thus, a new switching control was proposed and programed for the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system of the tunnel. The signals of the corresponding eleven L20 meters for a period of eight days were used and the corresponding annual energy consumptions were calculated using the proposed switching program for each tunnel. The results were compared with a number of scenarios in which the existing lighting system was retrofitted with Lighting Emitting Diodes (LED) luminaires. In these scenarios, the new luminaire arrangement was based not only on the existing luminance demand value for the threshold zone, but also on the newly proposed one with two different control techniques (continuous dimming and 10% step dimming). The fine-tuning method for switching resulted in energy savings between 11% and 54% depending on the tunnel when the scenario of the existing installation at no extra cost was used. Energy savings, when LED luminaires were installed, varied between 57% (for the scenario with existing luminance demand value for the threshold zone and 10% step dimming) and 85% (for the scenario with the new calculated luminance demand and continuous dimming).
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Babilon, Sebastian, Janika Lenz, Sebastian Beck, Paul Myland, Julian Klabes, Stefan Klir und Tran Quoc Khanh. „Task-related Luminance Distributions for Office Lighting Scenarios“. Light & Engineering, Nr. 01-2021 (Februar 2021): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-073.
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For the design of modern office environments, lighting is a central aspect. With regard to current practice, uniform illumination is most often applied in interiors. In this paper, however, further aspects of a more individual approach are investigated, that deliberately violate the usual demands for uniformity by explicitly considering task-related, emotional and psychological effects of lighting. For this purpose, two independent experiments were conducted in an office mock-up setting exploring the impact of spatially variable, non-uniform light distributions on the users’ illumination preferences for the accomplishment of a given task. In the first experiment, three predefined illumination settings wererated by a group of naïve observers. Although the respective light distributions differed in their spatial characteristics, no significant differences were found in the rating scores. In addition, these variations showed no significant effect on the users’ preferred position of task performance. In the second experiment, though, a clearly significant effect could be reported such that, once the users were granted control over the illumination settings, an explicit demand for locally increased illuminance levels at the position of task performance was observed. Furthermore, high rating scores of perceived lighting adequacy indicate the users’ general satisfaction with the degree of visual assistance provided by such a task-related illumination.
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Kwon, Sook-Youn, Kyoung-Mi Im und Jae-Hyun Lim. „LED Context Lighting System in Residential Areas“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/851930.
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As issues of environment and energy draw keen interest around the globe due to such problems as global warming and the energy crisis, LED with high optical efficiency is brought to the fore as the next generation lighting. In addition, as the national income level gets higher and life expectancy is extended, interest in the enhancement of life quality is increasing. Accordingly, the trend of lightings is changing from mere adjustment of light intensity to system lighting in order to enhance the quality of one’s life as well as reduce energy consumption. Thus, this study aims to design LED context lighting system that automatically recognizes the location and acts of a user in residential areas and creates an appropriate lighting environment. The proposed system designed in this study includes three types of processing: first, the creation of a lighting environment index suitable for the user’s surroundings and lighting control scenarios and second, it measures and analyzes the optical characteristics that change depending on the dimming control of lighting and applies them to the index. Lastly, it adopts PIR, piezoelectric, and power sensor to grasp the location and acts of the user and create a lighting environment suitable for the current context.
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Hemphälä, H., W. Osterhaus, PA Larsson, J. Borell und P. Nylén. „Towards better lighting recommendations for open surgery“. Lighting Research & Technology 52, Nr. 7 (25.02.2020): 856–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153520903355.
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This study assesses the lighting requirements for operating theatres and the lighting conditions in a specific test case and proposes alternate ways of achieving a favourable visual environment. The hypothesis was that an increased illuminance level from general lighting and lower luminance contrasts between the essential task areas affect perceived lighting quality, visual ability and performance, as well as tiredness of medical staff performing surgical work. The investigation consisted of three parts: a laboratory study, followed by a field study and concluding with a retrospective study. In the laboratory study, each medical staff subject was exposed to four lighting scenarios with three illuminances from the operating light (12 lighting conditions), with no patients present. In the field and the retrospective study, the existing lighting scenario was compared to the highest-rated test lighting scenario (with illuminances more than double). The field study and the retrospective study took place with medical staff working under either the test general lighting condition or the existing general lighting condition. Increased illuminance from the general lighting and a higher correlated colour temperature did not improve the operating staff’s visual ability. However, medical staff rated the change in lighting quality resulting from the increased general illuminance as an improvement in the work environment, both in the laboratory study and in the field study. Medical staff subjects using the operating theatre rated both perceived visual ability and lighting quality higher under the test lighting scenario. Tiredness was also rated lower under that test scenario. Based on the results from this study, general lighting levels of 2000 lx in the periphery of the operating room, 4000 lx surrounding the operating table and 5500 lx on the operating table are recommended by the authors. With reference to the selections made by the surgeons for the illuminance in the operating cavity, it is suggested that the central beam illuminance from the surgical luminaires be between 50,000 lx and 100,000 lx.
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Zauner, Johannes, und Herbert Plischke. „Designing Light for Night Shift Workers: Application of Nonvisual Lighting Design Principles in an Industrial Production Line“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 22 (18.11.2021): 10896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210896.
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Chronodisruption deteriorates the health and wellbeing of shift workers. Artificial light at night and the lack of light during the day are major contributors to chronodisruption and need to be optimized in shift work scenarios. Here, we present one solution for a lighting and automation system in an industrial production workplace. The setting is a rapidly rotating shift work environment with morning, evening, and night shifts. We describe a procedure to specify the new lighting through a software-agnostic nonvisual lighting simulation for artificial and daylighting scenarios. Through this process, a new luminaire is created, called Drosa, that allows for a large melanopic stimulus range between 412 and 73 lx melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance vertically at eye level, while maintaining a neutral white illuminance at task level between 1250 and 900 lx, respectively. This is possible through a combination of glare-free spotlights with adjustable areal wing lights. An individually programmed automation system controls the light dosage and timing during the day and night. The work is relevant for other shift work scenarios, where the presented example and the discussed rationale behind the automation might provide insights. The work is further relevant for other lighting scenarios beyond industrial shift work, as the nonvisual lighting simulation process can be adapted to any context.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Lighting scenarios"
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Rocchi, Elisa. „Dynamic Digitalisation in the Lighting Industry. Present Technology and Future Scenarios in the Design of Smart Urban Lighting“. Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280045.
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In the last decade, major developments in mobile and sensor network technologies, as well as in more secure data management solutions allowed an accelerated expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) in different markets, including the smart lighting technology. These technological developments, currently shaping the lighting industry, have the power to enhance the liveability of spaces and improve people’s lives. However, in this thesis it is highlighted how such technological evolution is often marked by an engineering character over a design approach. In particular, this thesis focuses on smart lighting technology applied in urban environments and how the integration of information technology into the physical realm can enhance space quality and empower citizens’ participation. The main body is divided into two sections: The first part provides an overview of the technological solutions that are currently being implemented in the lighting design field. The second part advances a schematic projection of future trends, starting from the analysis of what is being developed in other related disciplines, such as urban planning and visual arts. Both parts are literature-based. The final section features the opinion of noteworthy lighting professionals about possible real-life applications of smart lighting technology. Since this thesis has been written during the Covid-19 pandemic, the author decided to include speculations regarding how this event might influence the future of urban lighting.
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Mordeglia, Cristina. „The Home-Office Lighting Kit“. Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297959.
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This Master Thesis, inspired by the relevance that home-offices have assumed as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, originated from the architectural, quantitative, and qualitative analysis of lighting within the author’s student accommodation on KTH Main Campus, in Stockholm (Sweden). As a matter of fact, this background study proved that recommended lighting levels (Illuminance, Contrast Ratio, CCT, CRI, M-EDI, and DER values) were not met, making the space unsuitable and unhealthy to both live and work in. Moreover, evaluating individual lighting preferences, it was demonstrated that flexibility, customizability, and adaptability to daylighting and tasks are fundamental requirements for working from home.Considering the temporary nature of students’ leases, the idea of developing an inexpensive and easily assemblable kit of smart products, aimed at improving lighting in dormitories, came quite naturally.To study the implementation of visual comfort and focus on tasks, literature review, market analysis, quantitative measurements, and hands-on experiments were carried on.Thus, with the gained knowledge and experience, the Home-Office Lighting Kit, an array of commercially available sockets, shades, and smart sources, supporting circadian rhythm and individual preferences, was proposed. Along with it, instructions on set-up and scenarios were provided.Although the overall conclusion was that the market needs products with a better balance between price, sturdiness, and reliability, the lighting conditions within the case study space were substantially improved, making other students interested in doing the same.Eventually, interesting cues for the sector’s development were proposed.
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Ярова, Ганна Олександрівна, und Hanna Yarova. „Редизайн інтер’єру закладу ресторанного господарства засобами світлового дизайну“. Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50938.
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1. Бобович А.П. Редизайн и ребрендинг в ритейле как современное направление / А.П. Бобович, М.В. Яхновец // Молодежь в науке и предпринимательстве, 2019, Г.: БЕЭУ ПК. – С. 534-536.
2. Stephani Robson Bright Ideas: Smart Choices in Restaurant Lighting // Restaurant Startup & Growth magazine. – August 2013. – C.31-35.
3. Козлов Д.Г. Общие тенденции развития светового дизайна средствами LED- технологий // Вестник Воронежского государственного аграрного университета. – 2016. – № 2 (49). – С. 146-154.
4. Гнатюк Л.Ф., Федорова Ю.В. Актуальність поєднання світло та фітодизайну в закладах громадського харчування. Challenge of science today. 1-3 April 2020 NAU, Kyiv.
5. Гнатюк Л.Р. Вплив ергономічних вимог на створення комфорту та зручності ресторанів, як закладів громадського харчування / Л.Р. Гнатюк, Я.І. Поліщук // Сучасні проблеми архітектури та містобудування. Науково-технічний збірник. – Вип. 37. – К.: КНУБА, 2014. – С. 125-132.Широке використання інноваційних освітлювальних технологій призвело до перегляду ролі світла в сучасних інтер’єрах. На основі аналізу можливостей використання освітлювальних технологій для редизайну сучасних закладів ресторанного господарства було виявлено наступні переваги використання засобів та прийомів світлового дизайну при оновленні візуального оформлення закладів ресторанного господарства: сприяє створенню необхідної атмосфери; можлива варіативність в використанні різних сценаріїв освітлення при різних обставинах; дозволяє підвищити лояльність наявних відвідувачів та привернути увагу нових; при застосуванні LED-технологій сприяє енергоефективності закладу, що дозволяє значно заощадити кошти на електроенергію в довгостроковій перспективі; дозволяє приховати недоліки інтер’єру, акцентувати увагу на бажаних елементах; зменшує капіталовкладення порівняно з повним редизайном інтер’єру.
The widespread use of innovative lighting technologies has led to a rethinking of the role of light in modern interiors. Based on the analysis of the possibilities of using lighting technologies for the redesign of modern restaurants, the following advantages of using the means and techniques of lighting design in updating the visual design of restaurants: contributes to the creation of the necessary atmosphere; possible variability in the use of different lighting scenarios under different circumstances; allows you to increase the loyalty of existing visitors and attract new ones; when using LED-technologies contributes to the energy efficiency of the institution, which saves a lot of money on electricity in the long run; allows you to hide the shortcomings of the interior, to focus on the desired elements; reduces investment compared to a complete interior redesign.
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Zhang, Wuming. „Towards non-conventional face recognition : shadow removal and heterogeneous scenario“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC030/document.
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Ces dernières années, la biométrie a fait l’objet d’une grande attention en raison du besoin sans cesse croissant d’authentification d’identité, notamment pour sécuriser de plus en plus d’applications enlignes. Parmi divers traits biométriques, le visage offre des avantages compétitifs sur les autres, e.g., les empreintes digitales ou l’iris, car il est naturel, non-intrusif et facilement acceptable par les humains. Aujourd’hui, les techniques conventionnelles de reconnaissance faciale ont atteint une performance quasi-parfaite dans un environnement fortement contraint où la pose, l’éclairage, l’expression faciale et d’autres sources de variation sont sévèrement contrôlées. Cependant, ces approches sont souvent confinées aux domaines d’application limités parce que les environnements d’imagerie non-idéaux sont très fréquents dans les cas pratiques. Pour relever ces défis d’une manière adaptative, cette thèse porte sur le problème de reconnaissance faciale non contrôlée, dans lequel les images faciales présentent plus de variabilités sur les éclairages. Par ailleurs, une autre question essentielle vise à profiter des informations limitées de 3D pour collaborer avec les techniques basées sur 2D dans un système de reconnaissance faciale hétérogène. Pour traiter les diverses conditions d’éclairage, nous construisons explicitement un modèle de réflectance en caractérisant l’interaction entre la surface de la peau, les sources d’éclairage et le capteur de la caméra pour élaborer une explication de la couleur du visage. A partir de ce modèle basé sur la physique, une représentation robuste aux variations d’éclairage, à savoir Chromaticity Invariant Image (CII), est proposée pour la reconstruction des images faciales couleurs réalistes et sans ombre. De plus, ce processus de la suppression de l’ombre en niveaux de couleur peut être combiné avec les techniques existantes sur la normalisation d’éclairage en niveaux de gris pour améliorer davantage la performance de reconnaissance faciale. Les résultats expérimentaux sur les bases de données de test standard, CMU-PIE et FRGC Ver2.0, démontrent la capacité de généralisation et la robustesse de notre approche contre les variations d’éclairage. En outre, nous étudions l’usage efficace et créatif des données 3D pour la reconnaissance faciale hétérogène. Dans un tel scénario asymétrique, un enrôlement combiné est réalisé en 2D et 3D alors que les images de requête pour la reconnaissance sont toujours les images faciales en 2D. A cette fin, deux Réseaux de Neurones Convolutifs (Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN) sont construits. Le premier CNN est formé pour extraire les descripteurs discriminants d’images 2D/3D pour un appariement hétérogène. Le deuxième CNN combine une structure codeur-décodeur, à savoir U-Net, et Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN), pour reconstruire l’image faciale en profondeur à partir de son homologue dans l’espace 2D. Plus particulièrement, les images reconstruites en profondeur peuvent être également transmise au premier CNN pour la reconnaissance faciale en 3D, apportant un schéma de fusion qui est bénéfique pour la performance en reconnaissance. Notre approche a été évaluée sur la base de données 2D/3D de FRGC. Les expérimentations ont démontré que notre approche permet d’obtenir des résultats comparables à ceux de l’état de l’art et qu’une amélioration significative a pu être obtenue à l’aide du schéma de fusionIn recent years, biometrics have received substantial attention due to the evergrowing need for automatic individual authentication. Among various physiological biometric traits, face offers unmatched advantages over the others, such as fingerprints and iris, because it is natural, non-intrusive and easily understandable by humans. Nowadays conventional face recognition techniques have attained quasi-perfect performance in a highly constrained environment wherein poses, illuminations, expressions and other sources of variations are strictly controlled. However these approaches are always confined to restricted application fields because non-ideal imaging environments are frequently encountered in practical cases. To adaptively address these challenges, this dissertation focuses on this unconstrained face recognition problem, where face images exhibit more variability in illumination. Moreover, another major question is how to leverage limited 3D shape information to jointly work with 2D based techniques in a heterogeneous face recognition system. To deal with the problem of varying illuminations, we explicitly build the underlying reflectance model which characterizes interactions between skin surface, lighting source and camera sensor, and elaborate the formation of face color. With this physics-based image formation model involved, an illumination-robust representation, namely Chromaticity Invariant Image (CII), is proposed which can subsequently help reconstruct shadow-free and photo-realistic color face images. Due to the fact that this shadow removal process is achieved in color space, this approach could thus be combined with existing gray-scale level lighting normalization techniques to further improve face recognition performance. The experimental results on two benchmark databases, CMU-PIE and FRGC Ver2.0, demonstrate the generalization ability and robustness of our approach to lighting variations. We further explore the effective and creative use of 3D data in heterogeneous face recognition. In such a scenario, 3D face is merely available in the gallery set and not in the probe set, which one would encounter in real-world applications. Two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are constructed for this purpose. The first CNN is trained to extract discriminative features of 2D/3D face images for direct heterogeneous comparison, while the second CNN combines an encoder-decoder structure, namely U-Net, and Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) to reconstruct depth face image from its counterpart in 2D. Specifically, the recovered depth face images can be fed to the first CNN as well for 3D face recognition, leading to a fusion scheme which achieves gains in recognition performance. We have evaluated our approach extensively on the challenging FRGC 2D/3D benchmark database. The proposed method compares favorably to the state-of-the-art and show significant improvement with the fusion scheme
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Lindholm, Elias, und Hanna Bjurström. „Visuell kommunikation av ljusmiljöer på kontrollpaneler“. Thesis, Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49987.
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Utrymmen som kräver styrning mellan olika ljusscener på grund av rummets olika funktioner eller atmosfärer kräver även någon form av styrpanel. Ett problem i dagsläget är att kontrollpaneler ofta är svåra att förstå. Ett av de problem som orsakar svårmanövrerade kontrollpaneler är att slutanvändaren inte förstår den information som ges. Informationenförmedlas via text eller grafiska symboler.Syftet med studien var att ta reda på hur grafiska symboler på kontrollpaneler för belysning kan förmedla tänkta ljusscenarier.Detta undersöktes genom att ta redapå vilka aspekter som var viktiga för att en grafisk symbol ska beskriva ljusegenskaper i ett rum.Frågeställningen besvaradesmed hjälp av en enkät onlinedär tre olika ljusscenarier (allmänbelysning, punktbelysning och vertikalbelysning)och niografiska symboler undersöktes.Symbolerna utvärderades av 42 deltagare.Enkäternagenererade kvantitativa data som visade vilka grafiska symboler som hade högst preferensför varje ljusscenariosamt kvalitativa data där deltagaren beskrev deras val av symbol mer ingående.Resultatenvisadeatt det fanns olika aspekter hos symbolerna som kundeförmedlaljusets egenskaper.Bland dessa var ett sätt att visualisera ljuset somett eget fysiskt objekt eller att enbart visualisera de fysiska objekt som redan fanns i rummet.De viktigaste egenskaperna som förmedlades var intensitet och ljusspridning. Resultaten visade ävenatt det fanns mer som påverkade utformningen av symboler på kontrollpaneler och inte enbart de aspekter som visualiserade ljusets egenskaper. Deltagarna kunde välja bland alla grafiska symboler förrespektive ljusscenario, men det framkom att vissa symboler valdes oftare för vissa ljusscenarier.Studienbidrar till förståelsen för hur man kan underlätta kommunikationmedanvändarenoch på så sätt bidra till att rätt ljus används för rätt tillfälle och funktion. Studien kartläggervilka egenskaper de grafiska symbolerna behöverför att förmedla ljusegenskaperoch bidrar därmedtillatt lösa problemet för hur ljusdesignernbör kommunicera med slutanvändaren.Spaces that requires lighting control between different lighting scenarios due to the fact that the room have different functions oratmospheres also requires some kind of control panel. A problem at present is that control panels often are difficult to understand. One of the problems that are causing control panels to bedifficult to maneuvereris that fact that the end user sometimes cannot understand the information provided. Information is mediated through text or symbols.The aim of this study was to investigatehow graphicalsymbols on control panels for lighting mediates light scenarios.This was examined using a research questioninvestigatingaspectsthat areconsidered important for graphical symbolsto describe lighting characteristics ina room.This was examined using a poll withthree different lighting scenarios (general lighting, point lighting, vertical lighting) and nine graphical symbols.Symbols were evaluated byan online questionnairewith42 respondents.The questionnairesgenerated quantitativedata showing whichsymbols that was preferredfor each lighting scenario and qualitative data in whichthe participantsdescribed thereasons for theirchoicesinmoredetail.The results showedthat the symbols had different aspects that could contribute to mediatelight characteristics.One way was to visualize the light as its own physical object or visualize the physicalobjects within the room. The most important properties conveyed were light intensity and light distribution. The result further showed thatnot only the aspects mentionedaffect the compositionof graphical symbols for control panels. Non-light related aspects are also important for the composition of graphical symbols. Another finding was that somesymbols where more frequently chosenthen othersfor different lighting scenarios although the participants were able to choose amongst all symbols for each lighting scenario.This study contributes to the understandingofhow to facilitate communication with the user and thus help to use the right lightand symbolfor the right occasion and function. The study maps what characteristics the symbols need to convey light properties andthus helps to solve the problem of how communication should be given to the end user.
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Sheehan, Timothy J. „Modeling Wildfire and Ignitions for Climate Change and Alternative Land Management Scenarios in the Willamette Valley, Oregon“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12184.
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xii, 127 p. ： ill. (some col.)I developed software to incorporate the FlamMap fire model into an agent-based model, Envision, to enable the exploration of relationships between wildfire, land use, climate change, and vegetation dynamics in the Willamette Valley. A dynamic-link library plug-in utilizing row-ordered compressed array lookup tables converts parameters between polygon-based Envision data and grid-based FlamMap data. Modeled fires are determined through Monte-Carlo draws against a set of possible fires by linking historic fire data to future climate projections. I used classification and regression tree (CART) and logistic regression to relate ignitions to human and land use factors in the Willamette Valley above the valley floor from 2000-2009. Both methods showed decreasing distance to major and minor roads as key factors that increase ignition probability for human ignitions but not for lightning ignitions. The resulting statistical model is implemented in the FlamMap plug-in to provide a dynamic ignition probability map over time.
Committee in charge: Dr. Bart Johnson， Co-Chair； Dr. Scott Bridgham ，Co-Chair； Dr. John Bolte； Member
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Júnior, Jair Sanches Molina. „Cinema ao vivo e experiências audiovisuais em tempo real“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27161/tde-07112017-152733/.
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Refletir sobre as experiências com imagens e sons em tempo real é pensar em uma ampla gama de possibilidades e experiências pela humanidade, desde os tempos mais remotos. Pelo fato dessas experiências audiovisuais em tempo real serem numerosas no tempo e no espaço, e já amplamente citada em diferentes estudos, esta apresentação tem por objetivo realizar um recorte mais restrito às experiências audiovisuais em tempo real no campo cinematográfico contemporâneo: uma arte, meio e processo em expansão que culmina na existência de um fenômeno semiótico, realizado principalmente através de modos experimentais com a presença do(s) autor(es) concebendo a experiência audiovisual, conjuntamente ao aparato tecnológico e ao público, todos participantes da criação e exibição da obra audiovisual no mesmo tempo em que ela ocorre, em transmissão direta para a tela de cinema, monitores, telas digitais ou espaços arquitetônicos. Com base em obras audiovisuais realizadas entre 2007 a 2017 desenvolveremos uma reflexão e análise das poéticas e técnicas das experiências audiovisuais em tempo real, de maneira a compreender com um olhar mais atento as possibilidades criativas e contribuir com a reflexão sobre estes formatos do audiovisual contemporâneo, cujos meios e processos estão em contínua expansão de suas fronteiras. Em estética do cinema, esta pesquisa segue em continuidade aos estudos e práticas do cinema experimental e em sua vértice ao cinema expandido.Reflecting about real-time imagery and sounds experiences is thinking about a wide range of possibilities and experiences for humanity, from the earliest times. Because the real-time audiovisual experiences are numerous in time and space, and already widely quoted in different studies, this presentation aims to make a more restricted cut-off to real-time audiovisual experiences in the contemporary cinematographic field: an art, medium and an expanding process that culminates in the existence of a semiotic phenomenon, performed mainly through experimental modes with the presence of the author(s) directing the audiovisual experience in real-time, together with the technological apparatus, the cast, and the public, all participants in the creation and exhibition of the audiovisual work at the same time as it occurs, in direct transmission to the cinema screen, monitors, digital screens or architectural spaces. Based on audiovisual works carried out between 2007 and 2017 we will develop a reflection and analysis of the poetics and techniques of audiovisual experiences in real-time, in order to understand with a closer look the creatives possibilities in live cinema and contribute with reflection on these forms of the contemporary audiovisual, whose means and processes are in continuous expansion of its borders. In aesthetics of the cinema, this research follows in continuity to the studies and practices of the experimental cinema, and in its vertex to the expanded cinema.
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Yang, Ping-Han, und 楊秉翰. „On the Design and Development of LED Scenario Mixed Lighting“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46191276347831976921.
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碩士樹德科技大學
應用設計研究所
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A four-bar linkage design concept was proposed for LED carriers in this study. The cranks rotated in different angles to control the mixing proportion of RGB lights, which is a breakthrough compared to traditional light mixing limited to only single colors controlled by voltage and current. The design was intended to present the changing effects of mixing of multiple colors on the same surface. The primary idea was to use the four-bar linkage to drive the cranks and generate the 360-degree rotation at constant speed relative to the ground link. Three LEDs in red, green and blue (RGB) were installed on the coupl link in the four-bar linkage mechanism. The light mixing was achieved by changing the inclination angles of couple link. The lights emitted from RGB LEDs were projected on the same surface. The cranks rotated to obtain the tracks of the three beams of lights in different colors. This allowed the lights of RGB LEDs to
Bücher zum Thema "Lighting scenarios"
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Laurent, Jose G. Cedeño, Joseph G. Allen und John D. Spengler. The built environment and sleep. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0023.
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Through evolution, our bodies have synchronized to environmental time, making our molecular clock mechanisms responsive to environmental cues such as light and temperature. In providing shelter from extreme climate conditions, however, modern societies have dramatically modified their environment without fully appreciating the consequences. We present an overview of the influence that lighting and thermal and acoustic conditions in our built environment exert on our sleep. These factors have changed substantially in the last century and biological systems have not had sufficient time to adapt. We also present a challenge for public health professionals: how to provide adequate sleeping conditions in low-income communities. We show how sleep quality is severely affected by socio-economic status, and illustrate how environmental injustice could exacerbate future challenges imposed by various climate change scenarios. We also discuss how technology could address these challenges in the built environment to promote conditions that foster good sleep and good health.
Buchteile zum Thema "Lighting scenarios"
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Ouyang, Bo, und Yun He. „Scenario-Based User Experience Research in Automobile Interior Lighting Innovation“. In Advances in Usability, User Experience and Assistive Technology, 706–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94947-5_70.
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„Lighting Scenarios“. In Lighting for Animation, 129–50. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315779591-11.
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„Planning scenarios“. In Basics Lighting Design, 38–59. Birkhäuser, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035612899-005.
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„Lighting Scenarios 129 8 Honing the Artistic Eye“. In Lighting for Animation, 183–98. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315779591-13.
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Dong, Hao, Jieqi Kang, James Schafer und Aura Ganz. „Android-Based Visual Tag Detection for Visually Impaired Users“. In Ophthalmology, 317–34. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5195-9.ch019.
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In this paper the authors introduce PERCEPT-V indoor navigation for the blind system. PERCEPT-V enhances PERCEPT system by enabling visually impaired users to navigate in open indoor spaces that differ in size and lighting conditions. The authors deploy visual tags in the environment at specific landmarks and introduce a visual tag detection algorithm using a sampling probe and cascading approach. The authors provide guidelines for the visual tag size, which is a function of various environmental, and usage scenarios, which differ in lighting, dimensions of the indoor environment and angle of usage. The authors also developed a Smartphone based user interface for the visually impaired users that uses Android accessibility features.
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Kostic-Ljubisavljevic, Aleksandra, und Branka Mikavica. „Challenges and Opportunities of VLC Application in Intelligent Transportation Systems“. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 1051–64. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch072.
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With the development of light emitting diodes (LEDs), the communication in visible light spectrum, visible light communication (VLC), becomes an alternative to the existing wireless technologies. Integration of VLC systems with intelligent transportation systems (ITS) can significantly improve many aspects of transportation and traffic. The use of unlicensed bandwidth and wider implementation of VLC LED lighting, both in infrastructure and in vehicles, provide an energy-efficient data transmission with sufficiently large data rates at low cost. The application of VLC systems is still at an early stage of the development. However, due to numerous advantages, the wider adoption of VLC systems is expected in near future. This chapter presents an analysis of the possibilities of VLC application in ITS scenarios. Main characteristics of VLC in ITS in terms of architecture, modulation and standardization are addressed. Some challenges and open issues are also emphasized.
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Choudhury, Ananya, Anjan Kumar Talukdar und Kandarpa Kumar Sarma. „A Review on Vision-Based Hand Gesture Recognition and Applications“. In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 256–81. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8493-5.ch011.
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In the present scenario, vision based hand gesture recognition has become a highly emerging research area for the purpose of human computer interaction. Such recognition systems are deployed to serve as a replacement for the commonly used human-machine interactive devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick etc. in real world situations. The major challenges faced by a vision based hand gesture recognition system include recognition in complex background, in dynamic background, in presence of multiple gestures in the background, under variable lighting condition, under different viewpoints etc. In the context of sign language recognition, which is a highly demanding application of hand gesture recognition system, coarticulation detection is a challenging task. The main objective of this chapter is to provide a general overview of vision based hand gesture recognition system as well as to bring into light some of the research works that have been done in this field.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Lighting scenarios"
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Suk, Hyeon-Jeong. „Designing User-Centered Lighting Scenarios“. In Solid-State and Organic Lighting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/soled.2015.dw2c.1.
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Jales Costa, Bruno Sielly, und Madeline Goh. „Evolving Background Subtraction for Dynamic Lighting Scenarios“. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2018.8491497.
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Hong, Wan Yun, und Bibi Nurmuslihah Ni'Matullah Nura'Liyah Rahmat. „Lighting energy consumption estimation models for a library building with different lighting scenarios“. In 2021 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csde53843.2021.9718403.
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Thacker, Hayden, und Ilya Buynevich. „LIGHTING THE TUNNEL: MULTI-MODE GEORADAR IMAGING OF BIOTURBATION SCENARIOS“. In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-351056.
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Ozadowicz, A., und J. Grela. „The street lighting integrated system case study, control scenarios, energy efficiency“. In 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2014.7005345.
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de Gelder, Erwin, und Olaf Op den Camp. „Tagging Real-World Scenarios for the Assessment of Autonomous Vehicles“. In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-pif-048.
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The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years and it is expected that AVs will soon be introduced on our roads. An essential aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of quality and performance aspects of the AVs, such as safety, comfort, and efficiency. Among other methods, a scenario-based approach has been proposed. With scenario-based testing, the AV is subjected to a collection of scenarios that represent real-world situations. The collection of scenarios needs to cover the variety of what an AV can encounter in real traffic. As a result, many different scenarios are considered, that are grouped into so-called scenario categories. We propose a method for defining the scenario categories using a system of tags, where each tag describes a particular characteristic of a scenario category. There is a balance between having generic scenario categories - and thus a high variety among the scenarios in the scenario category - and having specific scenario categories without much variety among the scenarios in the scenario category. For some systems, one is interested in very specific set of scenarios, while for another system one might be interested in a set of scenarios with a high variety. To accommodate this, tags are structured in trees. The different layers of the trees can be regarded as different abstraction levels. Next to presenting the method for describing scenario categories using tags, we will illustrate the method by showing applicable trees of tags using concrete examples in the Singapore traffic system. Trees of tags are shown for the vehicle under test, the dynamic environment (e.g., the other road users), the static environment (e.g., the road layout), and the environmental conditions (weather and lighting conditions). Few examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method for defining the scenario categories using tags.
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Kerslake, Thomas, und David Scheiman. „Off-Nominal Performance of Space Station Solar Array Under Eclipse Lighting Scenarios“. In 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5671.
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Chen, I.-Chieh, Chin-Hsien Wu und Yi-Chun Chen. „ATTENTION COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT OFFICE LIGHTING SCENARIOS BY BRAINWAVE MEASUREMENTS AND EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION“. In CIE 2018. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x45.2018.po02.
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Altieri, A., S. Ceccacci, L. Ciabattoni, A. Generosi, A. Talipu, G. Turri und M. Mengoni. „An Adaptive System to Manage Playlists and Lighting Scenarios Based on the User’s Emotions“. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.2019.8662061.
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Wang, Xiao, Jun Chen, Zheng Wang, Wu Liu, Shin'ichi Satoh, Chao Liang und Chia-Wen Lin. „When Pedestrian Detection Meets Nighttime Surveillance: A New Benchmark“. In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/71.
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Pedestrian detection at nighttime is a crucial and frontier problem in surveillance, but has not been well explored by the computer vision and artificial intelligence communities. Most of existing methods detect pedestrians under favorable lighting conditions (e.g. daytime) and achieve promising performances. In contrast, they often fail under unstable lighting conditions (e.g. nighttime). Night is a critical time for criminal suspects to act in the field of security. The existing nighttime pedestrian detection dataset is captured by a car camera, specially designed for autonomous driving scenarios. The dataset for nighttime surveillance scenario is still vacant. There are vast differences between autonomous driving and surveillance, including viewpoint and illumination. In this paper, we build a novel pedestrian detection dataset from the nighttime surveillance aspect: NightSurveillance1. As a benchmark dataset for pedestrian detection at nighttime, we compare the performances of state-of-the-art pedestrian detectors and the results reveal that the methods cannot solve all the challenging problems of NightSurveillance. We believe that NightSurveillance can further advance the research of pedestrian detection, especially in the field of surveillance security at nighttime.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Lighting scenarios"
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Aden, Nathaniel T., Nina Zheng und David G. Fridley. How Can China Lighten Up? Urbanization, Industrialization and Energy Demand Scenarios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juli 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983503.
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