Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Light olefin production“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Light olefin production":
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Du, Lingyin, Yueyang Han und Youhao Xu. „Effect of Molecular Structure of C10 Hydrocarbons on Production of Light Olefins in Catalytic Cracking“. Catalysts 13, Nr. 6 (16.06.2023): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13061013.
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The effect of the molecular structure of feedstock on the cracking reaction of C10 hydrocarbons to ethylene and propylene over H-ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated. To better compare the effect of decane on the production of light olefins, the thermal cracking and catalytic cracking performance of decane were first investigated. As a comparison, the thermal cracking and catalytic cracking of decane were studied by cracking over quartz sand and H-ZSM-5. Compared with the thermal cracking reaction over quartz sand, the catalytic cracking reaction of decane over H-ZSM-5 has a significantly higher conversion and light olefins selectivity, especially when the reaction temperature was lower than 600 °C. On this basis, the catalytic cracking reactions of decane and decene over H-ZSM-5 were further compared. It was found that decene with a double bond structure had high reactivity over H-ZSM-5 and was almost completely converted, and the product was mainly olefin. Compared with decane as feedstock, it has a lower methane yield and higher selectivity of light olefins. Therefore, decene was more suitable for the production of light olefins than decane. To this end, we designed a new light olefin production process. Through olefin cracking, the yield of light olefins in the product can be effectively improved, and the proportion of different light olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butene can be flexibly adjusted.
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Pawelec, Barbara, Rut Guil-López, Noelia Mota, Jose Fierro und Rufino Navarro Yerga. „Catalysts for the Conversion of CO2 to Low Molecular Weight Olefins—A Review“. Materials 14, Nr. 22 (17.11.2021): 6952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226952.
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There is a large worldwide demand for light olefins (C2=–C4=), which are needed for the production of high value-added chemicals and plastics. Light olefins can be produced by petroleum processing, direct/indirect conversion of synthesis gas (CO + H2) and hydrogenation of CO2. Among these methods, catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 is the most recently studied because it could contribute to alleviating CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. However, due to thermodynamic reasons, the design of catalysts for the selective production of light olefins from CO2 presents different challenges. In this regard, the recent progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials with well-controlled morphologies and active phase dispersion has opened new perspectives for the production of light olefins. In this review, recent advances in catalyst design are presented, with emphasis on catalysts operating through the modified Fischer–Tropsch pathway. The advantages and disadvantages of olefin production from CO2 via CO or methanol-mediated reaction routes were analyzed, as well as the prospects for the design of a single catalyst for direct olefin production. Conclusions were drawn on the prospect of a new catalyst design for the production of light olefins from CO2.
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Gholami, Zahra, Fatemeh Gholami, Zdeněk Tišler, Martin Tomas und Mohammadtaghi Vakili. „A Review on Production of Light Olefins via Fluid Catalytic Cracking“. Energies 14, Nr. 4 (19.02.2021): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041089.
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The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is an alternative olefin production technology, with lower CO2 emission and higher energy-saving. This process is used for olefin production by almost 60% of the global feedstocks. Different parameters including the operating conditions, feedstock properties, and type of catalyst can strongly affect the catalytic activity and product distribution. FCC catalysts contain zeolite as an active component, and a matrix, a binder, and a filler to provide the physical strength of the catalyst. Along with the catalyst properties, the FCC unit’s performance also depends on the operating conditions, including the feed composition, hydrocarbon partial pressure, temperature, residence time, and the catalyst-to-oil ratio (CTO). This paper provides a summary of the light olefins production via the FCC process and reviews the influences of the catalyst composition and operating conditions on the yield of light olefins.
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Natarajan, Palani, Deachen Chuskit und Priya. „Readily available alkylbenzenes as precursors for the one-pot preparation of buta-1,3-dienes under DDQ visible-light photocatalysis in benzotrifluoride“. Organic Chemistry Frontiers 9, Nr. 5 (2022): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo01869h.
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By using DDQ visible-light photocatalysis, an olefin-free method for the production of buta-1,3-dienes is disclosed. DDQ* converts alkylbenzenes to olefins and then olefins to buta-1,3-dienes in a consecutive manner.
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Yahyazadeh, Arash, Ajay K. Dalai, Wenping Ma und Lifeng Zhang. „Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Light Olefins from Syngas: A Review of Catalyst Development“. Reactions 2, Nr. 3 (21.07.2021): 227–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions2030015.
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Light olefins as one the most important building blocks in chemical industry can be produced via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) from syngas. FT synthesis conducted at high temperature would lead to light paraffins, carbon dioxide, methane, and C5+ longer chain hydrocarbons. The present work focuses on providing a critical review on the light olefin production using Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The effects of metals, promoters and supports as the most influential parameters on the catalytic performance of catalysts are discussed meticulously. Fe and Co as the main active metals in FT catalysts are investigated in terms of pore size, crystal size, and crystal phase for obtaining desirable light olefin selectivity. Larger pore size of Fe-based catalysts is suggested to increase olefin selectivity via suppressing 1-olefin readsorption and secondary reactions. Iron carbide as the most probable phase of Fe-based catalysts is proposed for light olefin generation via FTS. Smaller crystal size of Co active metal leads to higher olefin selectivity. Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure of Co has higher FTS activity than face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. Transition from Co to Co3C is mainly proposed for formation of light olefins over Co-based catalysts. Moreover, various catalysts’ deactivation routes are reviewed. Additionally, techno-economic assessment of FTS plants in terms of different costs including capital expenditure and minimum fuel selling price are presented based on the most recent literature. Finally, the potential for global environmental impacts associated with FTS plants including atmospheric and toxicological impacts is considered via lifecycle assessment (LCA).
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Kianfar, Ehsan. „Comparison and assessment of zeolite catalysts performance dimethyl ether and light olefins production through methanol: a review“. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 39, Nr. 3 (27.08.2019): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2019-0001.
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AbstractThe present review focuses on a comparison and assessment of zeolite catalyst performance of dimethyl ether and light olefin production through methanol. Dimethyl ether is a clean fuel which needs diverse processes to be produced. Methanol to dimethyl ether is a very novel process which offers considerable advantages versus additional processes for the production of dimethyl ether. The corresponding fixed-bed reactors compose the most important section of such a process. Production of dimethyl ether by the mentioned process is of high importance since it can be catalytically transferred to a substance with the value of propylene. Furthermore, in case of capability to transfer low-purity methanol into dimethyl ether, less expensive methanol can be consequently achieved with higher value added. In the petrochemical industry, light olefins, for example, ethylene and propylene, can be used as raw materials for the production of polyolefin. The present review aims to produce dimethyl ether in order to reach olefin substances, initially conducting a compressive assessment on production methods of olefin substances.
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Zhang, Xiaoqiao, Jianhong Gong, Xiaoli Wei und Lingtao Liu. „Increased Light Olefin Production by Sequential Dehydrogenation and Cracking Reactions“. Catalysts 12, Nr. 11 (17.11.2022): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111457.
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In this study, a sequential reaction using selected metal oxides, followed by ZSM-5-based catalysts, was employed to demonstrate a promising route for enhancing light olefin production in the catalytic cracking of naphtha. The rationale for the reaction is based on the induction of alkenes into hydrocarbon feeds prior to cracking. The optimum olefin induction was achieved by carefully optimizing the dehydrogenation active sites Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. The formed alkenes have a lower activation energy for C-H/C-C bond breaking compared to alkanes. This could accelerate the formation of carbenium ions, thus promoting the conversion of n-octane to produce light olefins. Detailed product distribution and DFT calculation indicated a remarkable increase in ethylene and propylene production in the final product through a modified reaction pathway. Compared with the common metal-promoted zeolite catalysts, the new route could avoid the block of zeolite channels and corresponding decreased catalytic cracking activity. The feasibility of the proposed route was confirmed with different ratios of dehydrogenation catalyst to the reactant. The highest yields of ethylene and propylene reached 13.22% and 33.12% with ratios of Mo/Al2O3 and ZSM-5-based catalyst to n-octane both 10:1 at 600 °C. Stability tests showed that the catalytic activity of the double-bed system was stable over 10 cycles.
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Reinikainen, Matti, Aki Braunschweiler, Sampsa Korpilo, Pekka Simell und Ville Alopaeus. „Two-Step Conversion of CO2 to Light Olefins: Laboratory-Scale Demonstration and Scale-Up Considerations“. ChemEngineering 6, Nr. 6 (06.12.2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6060096.
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The highly selective production of light olefins from CO2 was demonstrated for the first time with a laboratory-scale process comprising consecutive reverse water gas shift (RWGS) and Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reactors. The RWGS reaction, catalyzed by rhodium washcoated catalyst at 850 °C yielded good quality syngas with conversion values close to the thermodynamic equilibrium and without experiencing catalyst deactivation from carbon formation or sintering. For the FT synthesis, a packed bed Fe-Na-S/α-Al2O3 catalyst was used. The highest light olefin selectivity observed for the FT-synthesis was 52% at 310 °C, GHSV of 2250 h−1 and H2/CO ratio of 1. However, the optimal conditions for the light olefin production were determined to be at 340 °C, a GHSV of 3400 h−1 and a H2/CO ratio of 2, as the CO conversion was markedly higher, while the light olefin selectivity remained at a suitably high level. In addition to the experimental results, considerations for the further optimization and development of the system are presented. The combined RWGS–FT process seems to work reasonably well, and initial data for basic process design and modeling were produced.
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Salah Aldeen, Omer Dhia Aldeen, Mustafa Z. Mahmoud, Hasan Sh Majdi, Dhameer A. Mutlak, Khusniddin Fakhriddinovich Uktamov und Ehsan kianfar. „Investigation of Effective Parameters Ce and Zr in the Synthesis of H-ZSM-5 and SAPO-34 on the Production of Light Olefins from Naphtha“. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (24.02.2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6165180.
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In this paper, Ce and Zr modified commercial SAPO-34 and H-ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized via a wet impregnation method and used as catalysts for the production of light olefins from naphtha. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using SEM, TGA, XRD, BET, and NH3-TPD. Thermal catalytic cracking of parent catalysts (SAPO-34 and H-ZSM-5) and modified catalysts with Ce and Zr on the production of light olefins from naphtha has been studied. The effects of different loading of Ce (2–8 wt.%), Zr (2–5 wt.%), and different temperatures on the yield of ethylene and propylene were also investigated. The yield of ethylene and propylene improved by 21.78 wt% and 23.8 wt%, respectively, over 2% Ce and 2% Zr on SAPO-34 catalyst. This is due to the higher acid sites on the surface of modified catalysts. It was found that H-ZSM-5 with 2% Zr loading has the highest yield of light olefins (40.4%) at 650°C in comparison with unmodified parent catalysts, while Ce loading has less effect on the olefin yield compared to Zr loading. Finally, simultaneous loading of Ce and Zr showed no effect on the light olefin yield owing to the significant decline of acid sites.
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Liu, Fei, Ting Li, Peng Long Ye, Xiao Dan Wang, Jian Xin Cao und Duan Hua Guo. „Effect of Fe Loading Content on Catalytic Performance of ZSM-5 for the IMTO Process“. Advanced Materials Research 648 (Januar 2013): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.648.135.
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Among the processes for production of olefins, methanol converted to light olefins with methyl iodide as intermediate is a potential and an alternative route, which can be realized under mild condition. ZSM-5 catalyst is considered to be an effective catalyst for methanol to light olefins, better performances for olefins can be obtained by modifying. In this paper, the methanol to olefin with iodide reaction (IMTO) has been studied in a small scale fixed bed reactor over Fe modified ZSM-5 catalyst. It is indicated that ZSM-5 zeolites were modified with Fe loadings successfully, as a result the pore sizes reduced availably comparing with ZSM-5, the conversion of methanol and selectivity of light olefins got 98.8% and 89.5% respectively when modified with 9% Fe loadings.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Light olefin production":
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Goyal, Gaurav. „Light Olefin Production by Cracking Nannochloris oculata Microalgae using Aluminosilicate Catalysts“. Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6619.
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The global demand and sustainability concerns for producing light olefins encouraged researchers to look for an alternative and sustainable feedstock. Alkenes, such as ethene, propene and butene, are known as light olefins. Olefins are the backbone of the chemical industry because they serve as the chemical building blocks for the manufacture of polymers, fibers, and numerous organic chemicals. Feedstocks such as naphtha, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are currently used for producing light olefins, but they are non-renewable and hence unsustainable. In contrast, biomass as a potential feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals is renewable. Microalgae, in particular, are a promising resource due to their fast growth rate and ability to act as a CO2 sink.
The objective of my research was to assess the potential of thermochemical production of the light olefins ethene, propene, and butene from the marine microalga Nannochloris oculata in the absence and presence of catalysts and study the effect of catalyst to cell mass ratio on the production of these chemicals. Thermal cracking was conducted using two catalysts, aluminosilicate (Si/Al) and H-ß zeolite at 400-650 °C in a semi-batch reactor system and gas analysis was performed using mass spectrometry. Cracking of N. oculata by the aluminosilicate catalyst was studied in more detail at catalyst-to-algae mass ratios of zero, 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 using (Si/Al) catalyst and a comparative study was performed at catalyst-to-algae mass ratio of 10:1 using (Si/Al) and H-ß zeolite catalyst. The formation of light olefins ethene, propene, and butene was quantified. Higher temperature and catalyst to algae ratio led to an increase in the yield of all olefins, although a diminishing effect was observed above 600 °C and a ratio of 5:1. Although ethene was the most significant product, the concentration of all olefins increased significantly, when catalysts were employed in the cracking reaction. Moreover, the comparative study revealed that ethene was the most significant product when (Si/Al) was used and propene was the most significant product when H-ß zeolite was used.
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Chakkingal, Anoop. „Réglage de la sélectivité de la synthèse Fischer-Tropsch : aperçu de la modélisation microcinétique et de l'apprentissage automatique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CLIL0015.
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En vue de promouvoir l’économie circulaire, de nombreux procédés chimiques sont actuellement réexaminés afin de développer des variantes plus durables. Cela a mené à une forte augmentation de production au cours des 60 dernières années, entraînant une production totale de 367 millions de tonnes en 2020.La méthodologie a ensuite été généralisée à l’aide d’apprentissage automatique non supervisé, ce qui a permis de dépasser les trois dimensions et de réduire le besoin d’intervention humaine. L’espace des descripteurs généré à partir de données microcinétiques (catalyseurs virtuels) est exploré en utilisant la méthode systématique du regroupement (clustering) et du classement (labelling) non supervisés. L’espace de la performance du catalyseur est regroupé en clusters et le nombre minimale de clusters est identifié. Chaque catalyseur virtuel (représenté par une certaine combinaison de descripteurs) est identifié du point de vue du cluster auquel il appartient. Il est ainsi possible d’obtenir l’étendue des valeurs des descripteurs dans le cluster ayant le meilleur rendement d’alcènes légers. Il est observé que les valeurs obtenues sont conformes à celles du catalyseur virtuel optimal identifié dans l’inspection visuelle précédente. On peut donc conclure qu’une méthode combinant la microcinétique et l’apprentissage automatique a été présentée pour le développement des catalyseurs et pour l’investigation détaillée de leurs propriétés, tout en diminuant le besoin d’intervention humaine.Finalement, la méthode d’apprentissage automatique a été étendue dans l’intention de pouvoir réaliser des prédictions de plusieurs sélectivités en se concentrant sur la production des alcènes légers à différentes conditions opérationnelles. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, 4 modèles d’apprentissage automatique alternatifs ont été employés, i.e. la méthode lasso (lasso regression), la méthode des k plus proches voisins (k nearest neighbor regression ou KNN), la méthode de la machine à vecteurs de support (support vector machine regression ou SVR) et le réseau de neurones artificiels (Artificial Neural Network ou ANN). Les capacités de ces techniques sont évaluées par rapport à la reproduction du comportement linéaire de la conversion et la sélectivité en fonction des variables du procédé comme cela a été simulé par le modèle SEMK. Il est constaté que les modèles à base d’un réseau de neurones artificiels correspondent le plus aux résultats de référence du modèle SEMK. Une analyse supplémentaire utilisant la technique d’interprétation de la valeur SHAP a été appliquée aux modèles à base d’un réseau de neurones artificiels ayant la meilleure performance, en vue de mieux expliquer le fonctionnement des modèles.L’ensemble de l’étude a rapporté des connaissances essentielles, telles que les descripteurs de catalyseur optimales : les enthalpies de chimisorption atomique de l’hydrogène (QH ≈ 234 kJ/mol), du carbone (QC ≈ 622 kJ/mol) et de l’oxygène (QO ≈ 575 kJ/mol), pour la conception de catalyseurs ayant une sélectivité en alcènes légers élevée en utilisant un modèle SEMK mécaniste. De plus, l’étendue des conditions opérationnelles menant à la meilleure sélectivité en alcènes légers a été déterminée en adoptant plusieurs stratégies de modélisation (le concept des SEMK et l’apprentissage automatique). Il a été constaté que les effets de la température (580-620K) et la pression (1-2 bar) étaient les plus importants. Ensuite, une investigation est réalisée dans le but d’évaluer à quel point les résultats des modèles d’apprentissage automatique correspondent à ceux du modèle SEMK. Par exemple, une analyse préliminaire a pu être réalisée en utilisant un modèle d’apprentissage automatique pour l’analyse des données obtenues à l’aide d’expérimentation à haut débit. Ensuite, le modèle mécaniste a permis d’acquérir une compréhension chimique approfondieStriving towards a circular economy has led to the re-investigation of many existing processes, with the target of developing more sustainable variants. In our present economy, plastics form an important and omnipresent material affecting our daily lives. They are inexpensive, durable, corrosion resistant, and light weight leading to their use in a wide variety of applications.Within the plastic chemical recycling scheme, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) could play a key role as the syngas feedstock that is converted in it, can be generated via the gasification of the considered plastics. This syngas is then chemo-catalytically converted into hydrocarbons such as paraffins and light olefins. Typical FTS catalysts are based on supported cobalt or iron species.Among the mechanistic kinetic models, the comprehensive variant based on the Single Event MicroKinetics (SEMK) concept has been widely applied in the field of oligomerization, autoxidative curing, etc. and has proven to be a versatile tool to simulate Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. However, developing mechanistic models for every chemical engineering challenge is not always feasible due to their complexity and the in-depth knowledge required to build such models.A detailed evaluation on the potential of using machine learning approaches to match the performance of results obtained using the Single-Event MicroKinetic model was carried out. Initially, the focus was on a single dominant output scenario (methane selective catalyst). The current work thus shows that more widely applied techniques in data science can now be applied for systematic analysis and interpretation of kinetic data. Similar analysis using experimental data can also help experimenters in their preliminary analysis, to detect hidden trends in the data, and thus to identify importance features. After gaining confidence on the investigated interpretation techniques, for the FTS reaction with single dominant output, a similar investigation on the potential of iron based catalysts with enhanced light olefin selectivity is carried out next
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Vu, Xuan Hoan, Sura Nguyen, Thanh Tung Dang, Udo Armbruster und Andreas Martin. „Production of renewable biofuels and chemicals by processing bio-feedstock in conventional petroleum refineries“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190806.
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The influence of catalyst characteristics, i.e., acidity and porosity on the product distribution in the cracking of triglyceride-rich biomass under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions is reported. It has found that the degradation degree of triglyceride molecules is strongly dependent on the catalysts’ acidity. The higher density of acid sites enhances the conversion of triglycerides to lighter products such as gaseous products and gasoline-range hydrocarbons. The formation of gasolinerange aromatics and light olefins (propene and ethene) is favored in the medium pore channel of H-ZSM-5. On the other hand, heavier olefins such as gasoline-range and C4 olefins are formed preferentially in the large pore structure of zeolite Y based FCC catalyst (Midas-BSR). With both catalysts, triglyceride molecules are mainly converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons, which can be used as liquid fuels and platform chemicals. Hence, the utilization of the existing FCC units in conventional petroleum refineries for processing of triglyceride based feedstock, in particular waste cooking oil may open the way for production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals in the near futureBài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu khả năng tích hợp sản xuất nhiên liệu sinh học và hóa phẩm từ nguồn nguyên liệu tái tạo sinh khối giầu triglyceride bằng công nghệ cracking xúc tác tấng sôi (FCC) trong nhà máy lọc dầu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy xúc tác có ảnh hưởng mạnh đến hiệu quả chuyển hóa triglyceride thành hydrocarbon. Tính acid của xúc tác càng mạnh thì độ chuyển hóa càng cao và thu được nhiều sản phẩm nhẹ hơn như xăng và các olefin nhẹ. Xúc tác vi mao quản trung bình như H-ZSM-5 có độ chọn lọc cao với hợp chất vòng thơm thuộc phân đoạn xăng và olefin nhẹ như propylen và ethylen. Với kích thước vi mao quản lớn, xúc tác công nghiệp FCC dựa trên zeolite Y ưu tiên hình thành C4 olefins và các olefin trong phân đoạn xăng. Ở điều kiện phản ứng của quá trình FCC, triglyceride chuyển hóa hiệu quả thành hydrocarbon mà có thể sử dụng làm xăng sinh học cho động cơ và olefin nhẹ làm nguyên liệu cho tổng hợp hóa dầu
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Vu, Xuan Hoan, Sura Nguyen, Thanh Tung Dang, Udo Armbruster und Andreas Martin. „Production of renewable biofuels and chemicals by processing bio-feedstock in conventional petroleum refineries“. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29110.
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The influence of catalyst characteristics, i.e., acidity and porosity on the product distribution in the cracking of triglyceride-rich biomass under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions is reported. It has found that the degradation degree of triglyceride molecules is strongly dependent on the catalysts’ acidity. The higher density of acid sites enhances the conversion of triglycerides to lighter products such as gaseous products and gasoline-range hydrocarbons. The formation of gasolinerange aromatics and light olefins (propene and ethene) is favored in the medium pore channel of H-ZSM-5. On the other hand, heavier olefins such as gasoline-range and C4 olefins are formed preferentially in the large pore structure of zeolite Y based FCC catalyst (Midas-BSR). With both catalysts, triglyceride molecules are mainly converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons, which can be used as liquid fuels and platform chemicals. Hence, the utilization of the existing FCC units in conventional petroleum refineries for processing of triglyceride based feedstock, in particular waste cooking oil may open the way for production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals in the near future.Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu khả năng tích hợp sản xuất nhiên liệu sinh học và hóa phẩm từ nguồn nguyên liệu tái tạo sinh khối giầu triglyceride bằng công nghệ cracking xúc tác tấng sôi (FCC) trong nhà máy lọc dầu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy xúc tác có ảnh hưởng mạnh đến hiệu quả chuyển hóa triglyceride thành hydrocarbon. Tính acid của xúc tác càng mạnh thì độ chuyển hóa càng cao và thu được nhiều sản phẩm nhẹ hơn như xăng và các olefin nhẹ. Xúc tác vi mao quản trung bình như H-ZSM-5 có độ chọn lọc cao với hợp chất vòng thơm thuộc phân đoạn xăng và olefin nhẹ như propylen và ethylen. Với kích thước vi mao quản lớn, xúc tác công nghiệp FCC dựa trên zeolite Y ưu tiên hình thành C4 olefins và các olefin trong phân đoạn xăng. Ở điều kiện phản ứng của quá trình FCC, triglyceride chuyển hóa hiệu quả thành hydrocarbon mà có thể sử dụng làm xăng sinh học cho động cơ và olefin nhẹ làm nguyên liệu cho tổng hợp hóa dầu.
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Al-Yassir, Nabil. „Multifunctional catalysts used in the thermo-catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks for the production of light olefins“. Thesis, 2007. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/975683/1/NR34790.pdf.
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Light olefins such as ethylene and propylene, are considered the backbone of the petrochemical industry. They are the precursors of numerous plastic materials, synthetic fibers and rubbers. Commercially proven light olefin production technologies such as Steam Cracking (SC), Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), and Deep Catalytic Cracking (DCC) are believed to have reached their full potential and cannot accommodate current demands of the petrochemical industry. The market demand for ethylene and propylene is projected to be about 140 and 90 million tons by year 2010, respectively. These current technologies cannot respond sufficiently to the rapidly growing demand for propylene, since propylene is only produced as a co-product of ethylene production. In addition, the high-energy consumption and the high GHG emissions are major setbacks for SC, which is regarded as the main light olefin technology. Thus, it is imperative that a new alternative should be developed in order to improve the production of light olefins. Thermo-Catalytic Cracking (TCC) has been recognized as a promising alternative route for light olefins production. Although, this process is still in the development stage, preliminary results show that the TCC offers several major advantages when compared to conventional SC: higher combined yields of light olefins, and significant energy savings. In this dissertation, the TCC activities, kinetic study, and structural-textural-surface properties of different catalyst formulations, which have been investigated thoroughly for their potential use in the TCC process, will be discussed. We report on our efforts to date to develop a suitable and an efficient catalyst that is characterized by high activity, high selectivity to light olefins, and high stability. A particular formulation studied was the hybrid catalyst configuration in which two components, microporous (zeolite) and mesoporous co-catalyst (supported metal oxide (i.e. MoO 3 -CeO), were firmly bound to each other within a clay binder, such that a "pore continuum" effect was developed. Another version was the mesoporous supported bi-oxide catalyst, which is based on MoO-CeO 2 supported on high surface area-metal oxide. Explicitly, it was found that supported bi-oxide catalysts are quite active, stable and selective to light olefins in the Thermo-Catalytic Cracking of n-hexane, which was used as a model molecule for petroleum light naphtha. Furthermore, it was observed that the physicochemical properties and subsequently the catalytic performance of these catalysts were influenced by many factors. Yttria stabilized alumina aerogel, which was prepared via sol-gel synthesis using super critical drying techniques, was considerably more effective as a catalyst support. Our results showed unambiguously that yttria stabilized alumina aerogel did not only possess a high surface area, but also was thermally and hydrothermally stable. In addition, it demonstrated a high ability of inducing homogenous distributions of impregnated metal oxides at high calcination temperature. The latter has resulted in significant improvements in the dispersion degree of Mo, Ce and MoCe species, and the retardation of sintering and sublimation of Mo species. More significantly, it was found that the on-stream-long term stability and the selectivity to light olefins over aromatics were increased upon the addition of CeO 2 into the supported mono-oxide MoO 3 catalyst
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Yan, HaiTao. „Mixed Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Biomass Derived Compounds Used in the Thermal Catalytic Steam Cracking (TCSC) Process for the Production of Light Olefins“. Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976905/1/Yan_PhD_S2013.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
Mixed Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Biomass Derived Compounds Used in the Thermal Catalytic Steam Cracking (TCSC) Process for the Production of Light Olefins
HaiTao Yan
Light olefins and diolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butenes and 1,3-butadiene are considered as the backbone of the petrochemical industry as they are precursors of numerous plastic materials, synthetic fibers, and rubbers. The most prevalent technologies for producing these precursors are steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking using petroleum-based feedstock like light naphtha and gas oil. However, petroleum based feeds have several problems in terms of limited reserves, environmental pollution and economic and geopolitical problems. Therefore, it is imperative to find an alternative source, which may be able to overcome the limitation of petroleum oil.
In the current work, hydrocarbons-alcohol mixed feeds have been used in the Thermal-Catalytic/Steam-Cracking (TCSC) process for the production of propylene and ethylene. Alcohols like methanol and ethanol can be obtained from biomass, a potential sustainable and renewable source, through gasification and/or fermentation, and they can also be produced from natural gas and coal which are longer lasting fossil fuels than petroleum. The results from on-stream cracking of mixed feedstocks indicated difference in behaviors of ethanol and methanol. While ethanol undergoes predominantly dehydration into ethylene, methanol predominantly intervenes directly on reactions involving hydrocarbons (reactants and their intermediates). Moreover, the addition of methanol to hydrocarbons feedstock significantly increased the product yield of C2-C4 olefins, particularly that of ethylene and propylene. However, there was a maximum limit of efficiency for the methanol content in the mixed feed. Over 25wt% of methanol, the beneficial effect was not as important as expected. In addition, the increasing presence of methanol in the feed significantly accelerated the kinetics of the catalytic cracking. The gradual and significant decrease of the apparent activation energy with increasing methanol concentration in the mixed feed was attributed to the effect of intensive interactions between the hydrocarbons and methanol. These results demonstrated the possibility of partial replacement of petroleum based feedstocks by methanol for the production of propylene and ethylene. In the last part of this work, co-processing biomass derived glycerol with hydrocarbon feedstock over TCSC process was studied. It was found that glycerol as an additive to hydrocarbon feed, can be beneficial till a content of 30 wt%. However, the main concern is the rapid catalyst decay caused by formation of coke. Therefore, there is a need for a more advanced hybrid catalyst having higher hydrogen spillover activity.
Buchteile zum Thema "Light olefin production":
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Zhu, Genquan, Chaogang Xie, Zaiting Li und Xieqing Wang. „Catalytic Processes for Light Olefin Production“. In Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology, 1063–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49347-3_36.
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Li, Zaiting, Wenyuan Shi, Xieqing Wang und Fuking Jiang. „Deep Catalytic Cracking Process for Light-Olefins Production“. In ACS Symposium Series, 33–42. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0571.ch004.
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Boddula, Rajender, Ramyakrishna Pothu, Ramachandra Naik, Ahmed Bahgat Radwan und Noora Al-Qahtani. „Iron-Based Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Light Olefins Production from Syngas“. In Multifunctional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Energy Applications, 268–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003479239-18.
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Martínez, Agustín, Maria A. Arribas und Sara Moussa. „Chapter 10. Application of Zeolites in the Production of Light Olefins and BTX Petrochemical Intermediates“. In Catalysis Series, 351–408. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010610-00351.
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Davarnejad, Reza, Jamal Azizi und Shaghayegh Bahari. „A Look at the Industrial Production of Olefins Based on Naphtha Feed: A Process Study of a Petrochemical Unit“. In Alkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100017.
Annotation:
Olefins (ethylene, propylene and butadiene) as raw materials play an important role in a lot of chemical and polymer products. In industrial scale, there are several techniques from crude oil, natural gas, coal and methanol for the olefins production. Each of these has some advantages. The petrochemicals with liquid feed can simultaneously produce all of the olefins. Shazand Petrochemical Co. (as the first olefins production unit in Iran) produces all of the olefins using naphtha (light and heavy) feed. In this chapter, the production process of olefins based on naphtha will be studied from the beginning to the end (involving pyrolysis, compression, chilling and fractionation processes).
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Vora, B. V., P. R. Pujadó, L. W. Miller, P. T. Barger, H. R. Nilsen, S. Kvisle und T. Fuglerud. „Production of light olefins from natural gas“. In Natural Gas Conversion VI, 537–42. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80359-1.
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Bakhtyari, A., M. A. Makarem und M. R. Rahimpour. „Light olefins/bio-gasoline production from biomass“. In Bioenergy Systems for the Future, 87–148. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101031-0.00004-1.
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Bellussi, G., und P. Pollesel. „Industrial applications of zeolite catalysis: production and uses of light olefins“. In Molecular Sieves: From Basic Research to Industrial Applications, Proceedings of the 3rd International Zeolite Symposium (3rd FEZA), 1201–12. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(05)80466-5.
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Kotelnikov, G. R., S. M. Komarov, V. P. Bespalov, D. Sanfilippo und I. Miracca. „Application of FBD processes for C3-C4 olefins production from light paraffins“. In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 67–72. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80029-6.
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Bruce, L., S. Hardin, M. Hoang und T. Turney. „Light Olefins From Synthesis Gas Using Ruthenium on Rare Earth Oxide Catalysts“. In Methane Conversion, Proceedings of a Symposium on the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Natural Gas, 529–33. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(09)60549-8.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Light olefin production":
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Agbajei, T. A., Georgios N. Karanikolos und Maryam Khaleel. „Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks for Super Selective Separation of Propylene from Propane“. In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217228-ms.
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Abstract Olefin and paraffin gases are important products of the petrochemical refining industry wherein their effective separation could provide high economic gains and competitiveness in the emerging energy markets amidst state-of-the-art technology. Important chemicals such as polyethylene and polypropylene are derived from raw materials in the form of light olefins, including ethylene and propylene, processible via naphtha cracking. However, since this leads to its production among other valuable by-products separation/refinement is required and this is commonly achieved through technical and energy-intensive cryogenic distillation due to the similarity in thermophysical properties of the process effluents. Thus, cost-effective and energy-efficient processes are required among which membrane-based separation techniques stand out. In that line, zeolitic imidazolium frameworks (ZIFs) have shown a superior potential to provide high selectivity and high permeability to particular species in a mixture they are used to refine. This superior effectiveness is attributed to ZIF's uniform pore sizes that enable sharp molecular sieving, as well as its highly porous structure that enables fast species transport through it, with minimal mass transfer hindrance for the targeted/preferably selected specie. Among ZIFs, there exists one called ZIF-8 which is especially suited to propylene/propane separation and has been widely reported for its sharp molecular sieving performance for this mixture. ZIF-8 is also distinctly stable, and relatively easy to synthesize from cheap and readily available starting materials. Recent advances in the fabrication methods reported for ZIF-8 synthesis are presented in this work, along with a comparison of the separation performance for propylene and propane resulting from different types of ZIF-8 produced by these methods. The potential effect of utilizing this ZIF material in the refining units applied for olefin/paraffin separation is also critically evaluated towards its industrial utilization.
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Wang, Xun, und Yunhan Xiao. „Predicting the Performance of System for the Co-Production of Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Liquid and Power From Coal“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27693.
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A co-production system based on FT synthesis reactor and gas turbine was simulated and analyzed. Syngas from entrained bed coal gasification was used as feedstock of low temperature slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch reactor. Raw synthetic liquid produced was fractioned and upgraded to diesel, gasoline and LPG. Tail gas composed of unconverted syngas and F-T light component was fed to gas turbine. Supplemental fuel (NG, or refinery mine gas) might be necessary, which was dependent on gas turbine capacity, expander through flow capacity, etc. FT yield information was important to the simulation of this co-production system. A correlation model based on Mobil’s two step pilot plant was applied. This model proposed triple chain-length-dependent chain growth factors and set up correlations among reaction temperature with wax yield, methane yield, and C2-C22 paraffin and olefin yields. Oxygenates in hydrocarbon phase, water phase and vapor phase were also correlated with methane yield. It was suitable for syngas, iron catalyst and slurry bed. It can show the effect of temperature on products’ selectivity and distribution. Deviations of C5+ components yields and distributions with reference data were less than 3%. To light gas components were less than 2%. User models available to predict product yields, distributions, cooperate with other units and do sensitive studies were embedded into Aspen plus simulation. Performance prediction of syngas fired gas turbine was the other key of this system. The increase in mass flow through the turbine affects the match between compressor and turbine operating conditions. The calculation was carried out by GS software developed by Politecnico Di Milano and Princeton University. The simulated performance assumed that the expander operates under choked conditions and turbine inlet temperature equals to NG fired gas turbine. A “F” technology gas turbine was selected to generate power. Various cases were investigated so as to match FT synthesis island, power island and gasification island in co-production systems. Effects of CO2 removal/LPG recovery, co-firing, CH4 content variation were studied. Simulation results indicated that more than 50% of input energy was converted to electricity and FT products. Total yield of gasoline, diesel and LPG was 136g-155g/NM3(CO+H2). At coal feed 21.9kg/s, net electricity exported to grid was higher than 100MW. Total production of diesel and gasoline (and LPG) was 118,000 tons(134,000tons)/Year. Under economic analysis conditions assumed in this paper, co-production system was economic feasible. The after tax profits can research 17 million EURO. Payback times were ranged from 6-7 years.
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Yu, Yajie, Shaojun Xia und Ming Zhao. „Production of entropy minimization of CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins unit reactor with linear phenomenological heat transfer law“. In International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Measurement Control, and Instrumentation, herausgegeben von Guixiong Liu und Siting Chen. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2611264.
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Yu, Yajie, Shaojun Xia und Ming Zhao. „Production of entropy minimization of CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins unit reactor with linear phenomenological heat transfer law“. In International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Measurement Control, and Instrumentation, herausgegeben von Guixiong Liu und Siting Chen. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2611264.
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Bian, Y., P. T. Chiang, S. Kiran, D. Wiebe und D. Oswald. „Lab Study of High WAT Wax Deposition Reduction with Wax Inhibitors and Dispersants“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215043-ms.
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Abstract Canadian crude oil and pigged wax from the Montney formation show high wax appearance temperatures (WAT) and experience severe deposition issues during production and transportation. Several commercial wax inhibitors and wax dispersants were studied in the crude oil and reconstituted oils (pigged wax added back to the crude oil and dodecane model system), to minimize the wax deposition by a systematic lab screening protocol. Suitable wax inhibitors (WI) and dispersants were selected and formulated at optimized dosage to efficiently reduce the wax deposition at close to field condition. The crude oil and reconstituted oils were utilized to study the high WAT wax performance with different types of wax inhibitors and dispersants. This included ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), alkylphenol formaldehyde resin (AFR), acrylic copolymer (AC), α-olefin maleic anhydride copolymer (AOMAC) and several surfactant-based wax dispersants (WDs). A pour point tester was employed as the initial screening tool to determine the pour point and detected wax appearance temperature (DWAT). Multiple Light Scattering (MLS) was used to evaluate the dispersions of wax in the oil. Dynamic wax deposition tests by capillary flow through (CFT) and dynamic flow loop (DFL) systems were used to verify the wax deposition reduction efficiency, and to study the effect of the test parameters on wax deposition. The reconstituted oils had higher WAT (>55 °C) than produced oil. The screening tests showed that EVA significantly reduced the DWAT and pour point of the crude oil but was not very efficient in the reconstituted oil. Both AFR and AC reduced the DWAT and pour point but were not as efficient as AOMAC. AOMAC provided the lowest DWAT in the reconstituted oil. It was interesting to find that surfactant-based dispersants also reduced the DWAT of the reconstituted model oil. The top performing WIs and dispersants were then tested by CFT wax deposition system at a flowrate of 1.5 cm3/hr. For the crude oil at 10 °C, 225 ppm AOMAC WI was needed to efficiently reduce the wax deposition in the CFT system. A lower dosage was required in the DFL system. It was also found that wax inhibitor and dispersant together further reduced the reconstituted model oil wax deposition in the CFT system. MLS and bottle tests showed that the WDs helped to disperse the wax in both oil and aqueous phases. From this systematic WI study on kinetic and dynamic behaviors of high WAT wax deposition, a synergy was observed between wax inhibitors and dispersants. Further investigation is needed to understand how they work together. The specially designed laboratory screening protocol helped to understand the structure and performance relation, efficiently formulate the WIs/dispersants, and optimize the treatment dosages. The inclusion of surfactants/dispersants with WIs could further mitigate wax deposition and be a more cost-effective approach.
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Azmi, Mohamad Heiry Mohd, Mohd Jumain Jalil, Hamzah Hafizuddin Habri, Pascal Perrin Anak Jites, Muhammad Amir Syazwan Che Mamat Azman, Danial Nuruddin Azlan Raofuddin und Intan Suhada Azmi. „Modification of kinetic modelling for production epoxidized palm oil based on derived oleic acid“. In PROBLEMS IN THE TEXTILE AND LIGHT INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM: (PTLICISIWS-2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0129160.
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Gusmao, P. B., E. J. Mackay und K. S. Sorbie. „An Improved Reservoir Understanding of the Impact of Initial Oil Composition and Residual Oil Saturation on Brine Composition and Calcite Scaling During CO2 – WAG EOR in Carbonate Reservoirs“. In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218202-ms.
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Abstract This paper provides an improved understanding of the impact of initial oil composition and residual oil saturation on brine composition and calcite scaling during CO2 Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in carbonate reservoirs. It assesses the impact of different initial oil compositions and residual oil saturations in the reservoir using reactive transport modelling. Geochemical parameters, such as concentrations of CO2, Ca2+, HCO3- and pH are analysed as the propagating injection fronts reach the producer block. The study uses a 1D model of WAG injection in a carbonate core, assuming a light oil and desulphated seawater injection into calcite as the rock substrate. The isothermal reactive transport modelling is performed using a compositional reservoir simulator coupled to a geochemical model that uses the WOLERY database. Formation water and injected water compositions are based on published data for Brazilian pre-salt fields. Henry's Law is used to calculate CO2 partitioning, particularly from residual oil into injected brine. Typically, solubility of CO2 will be greater in the injection than in the formation brines. The results show that the higher the residual oil saturation, the longer that the injected brine becomes saturated with CO2 before the CO2 is depleted from the oleic phase. Hence, calcite dissolution due to acidification of the injection brine continues for longer, the higher the residual oil saturation. Therefore, calcium and bicarbonate concentrations remain high for longer in the produced brine after injection water breakthrough, increasing the scaling risk. The scale risk becomes even greater in reservoirs with an initial oil composition rich in CO2. This is because there is more CO2 dissolved in the oil phase which will partition into the brine during the water injection cycle. As a result, the waterfront becomes more reactive for longer and hence dissolves more calcite, thus leading to a higher level of calcite scaling in the production system. The conclusion is that CO2 partitioning from the oleic to the injected aqueous phase has a greater impact on in situ calcite dissolution and reprecipitation in the producer wells than does CO2 partitioning from the injected gas directly into the aqueous phase. This work demonstrates, for the first time, how the residual oil saturation and initial oil composition impact geochemical reactivity in carbonate reservoirs, affecting the extent of in situ fluid-rock interactions. It demonstrates that the higher the CO2 concentration in the initial oil and the higher the residual oil saturation, the greater the calcite scaling risk in production wells during water breakthrough, with the residual oil facilitating mass transfer into injected brine.
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Salimi, Hamidreza, Amin Ameri und Jan Nieuwerf. „Dimethyl Ether DME Solvent Based Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Technology - A Laboratory and Subsurface Study“. In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200223-ms.
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Abstract DME as a water-soluble solvent for enhanced oil recovery has been introduced and some study results of DME enhanced waterflooding have recently been reported. However, DME-based EOR has not yet been implemented because of high prices of DME, the consequent need to recycle and reinject DME, and uncertain incremental oil per injected DME. This paper describes new insights into the different aspects (lab, subsurface, and economic) of DME-based EOR technology. An experimental protocol was defined to study the IFT, viscosity, and density of DME-Oil-brine mixtures as a function of T, P, and salinity, and DME compatibility with heavy components (e.g., asphaltenes), and adsorption on minerals. A compositional fractured-reservoir dynamic model that honors the PVT characteristics of DME was developed to investigate the performance of DME flood into fractured and unfractured reservoirs with light and heavy crudes. A business case as a function of DME recycling efficiencies, incremental oil, and phase implementation was discussed. The experimental results revealed that the oil viscosity 31 cP is significantly reduced to below 2 cP when mixed with DME in small volume ratios. No asphaltene precipitation (asphaltene content = 6.4 wt%) was observed when the oil was mixed with DME at increasing ratios up to 80 v/v%. Compatibility tests with formation water (total salinity 9.2 wt%) showed that DME is soluble in the formation water without any incompatibility or salting-out effect. The DME partitioning into oleic phase improves when temperature and brine-salinity increase. Imbibition tests at 5 bars and 50°C with DME-saturated formation water and limestone core plugs (permeability: 1.3–2.2 mD) increased the ultimate recovery to 70%. The simulation results indicate that DME injection into unfractured reservoirs does not improve the displacement efficiency, but it accelerates oil production because of improved injectivity up to 30%. However, DME injection into heavy-oil fractured reservoirs can improve displacement efficiency initially by enhancing imbibition rates from the matrix to the fracture system. However, this improved displacement efficiency decreases as DME injection continues because of DME breakthrough and there will be a point at which the DME displacement efficiency becomes the same as water. Nonetheless, DME significantly increases the recovery factor from heavy-oil fractured reservoirs (up to 200%). The economic results demonstrate that to have an economic DME-based EOR technology, the DME-recycling efficiency must be higher than 80%, incremental oil must be higher than 15%, and development must be a phased development plan.
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Gusmao, P. B., und E. J. Mackay. „Understanding the Impact of Water Injection Rate on Brine Composition and Calcite Scaling in Reactive Carbonate Reservoirs as a Function of Oil Composition and Saturation“. In SPE Oilfield Scale Symposium. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218735-ms.
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Abstract This paper uses reactive transport modelling to correlate the impact of water injection flow rate on brine composition in carbonate reservoirs with the CO2 concentration in the initial reservoir oil composition and the oil saturation. Brine composition and calcite dissolution near the producer well are evaluated during water flooding. Sensitivity analyses are performed by testing different water injection rates, different CO2 fractions in the initial oleic phase, different residual oil saturations and different distances between the system inlet and outlet. Geochemical properties, such as Ca2+ and HCO3- molalities and calcite dissolution, are analysed at the propagating waterfront. The study is carried out using a 1D model in a carbonate core, assuming light oil, desulphated seawater injection and calcite as the rock substrate. The reactive transport modelling is performed using a commercial compositional reservoir simulator with the WOLERY database. Pressure, temperature, formation water (FW) and injected water (IW) compositions are based on published data. The simulations start with a period of no injection nor production to ensure equilibrium. Henry's Law is used to calculate CO2 partitioning, particularly from residual oil into injected brine. The results show that changes in the water injection rate may have a lesser or a greater impact on geochemical reactions and brine composition, depending on the CO2 concentration in the initial oleic phase and the residual oil saturation. A higher residual oil saturation means a more extended period of CO2 partitioning from the oil phase into the brine during the water flooding, and the waterfront becomes reactive and more saturated for longer due to the higher calcite dissolution, requiring a longer residence time to achieve a full equilibrium in the fluid-rock interaction. In short residence time scenarios, the brine during the non-equilibrium stage becomes more saturated in ions for longer, extending the scale risk after water breakthrough. A different behaviour is observed for scenarios with a higher CO2 concentration in the original oil. The study demonstrates that mineral reactions are less likely to be significantly affected by changes in the water injection flow rate when there is a higher concentration of CO2 in the initial oil phase, and a shorter residence time is required to achieve a full equilibrium. In this scenario, a higher initial CO2 concentration may increase the reaction rate. Thus, the Damköhler number is more likely to be large, and the dissolution of minerals tends to be reaction rate-controlled and less dependent on volumetric throughput. It was also demonstrated that in scenarios where the water injection flow rate affects oil saturation locally, the time that brine takes to react and reach a steady state is also affected. A lower water injection flow rate results in a less effective oil sweep, keeping the oil saturation higher for longer. A higher oil saturation means a more extended period of CO2 partitioning from the oil to the water phase. Thus, the waterfront becomes reactive for longer and more concentrated in Ca2+ and HCO3- ions. A higher oil saturation entails lower water saturation, delaying the water breakthrough and saturating the injected brine with CO2 more quickly, especially when there is plenty of CO2 available in the system. A lower water injection flow rate also allows the fluid-rock interactions to become more fully developed due to the longer residence time. Thus, more calcite dissolves, keeping the brine more highly saturated. The conclusion is that when the distance between the injector and producer is not long enough to allow the fluid-rock interactions to reach equilibrium, the water injection front becomes more saturated in Ca2+ and HCO3- ions for longer as the water injection flow rate decreases and the residual saturation increases, extending the scale risk after water breakthrough. Additionally, as the residual oil saturation grows, brine needs a longer residence time flowing through the reservoir to become insensitive to changes in water injection flow rate. In scenarios with a high CO2 concentration in the initial oil composition, brine is more saturated in Ca2+ and HCO3- ions due to a higher calcite dissolution. Nevertheless, as there is a large amount of the limiting reagent CO2, the system is reaction rate-controlled, and changes in the water injection flow rate have a minor impact on geochemical reactions. This work demonstrates the previously unreported finding that changes in the water injection flow rate may affect geochemical reactions and brine composition as a function of the residual oil saturation and the CO2 availability in the system, eventually making brine more saturated during the non-equilibrium stage and increasing the scale risk by the time of water breakthrough.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Light olefin production":
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Dagle, Vanessa, und Robert Dagle. Conversion of syngas into light olefins in one step for process-intensified production of sustainable aviation fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1984521.