Dissertationen zum Thema „Lepista“

Suite à un criblage sur plusieurs espèces de champignons vis à vis de lignées tumorales murines et humaines, Lepista inversa a été particulièrement étudié. Sur le plan chimique l'étude de Lepista inversa a permis l'isolement d'adénosine et d'urée et l'isolement d'un composé cytotoxique, la clitocine. La fraction apolaire a permis l'analyse des composés volatils contenus dans le champignon et a mis en évidence le présence de composés chlorés. Des composés lipidique ont également été isolés et identifiés. Sur le plan biologique, après une étude de cytotoxicité in vitro, des essais anticancéreux in vivo ont été réalisés avec la clitocine sur le modèle murin.

This thesis focuses on the edible fungus Lepista (Pied Bleu or Wood Blewit). Factors affecting its potential commercial cultivation were explored and a contribution to knowledge of the morphology and cultivation of Australian species of Lepista has been made. Australian collections of Lepista were made within a 200 km zone of Sydney. A study of the morphology and taxonomic species of these collections was undertaken. Intra- and inter-fertility crosses were completed with French L. nuda and L. sordida to determine genetic relationships and biological species. Suitable substrates for agar medium, spawn production and cultivation were explored. The response to temperature of French and Australian Lepista in vitro, and Australian Lepista under cultivation, using cold shock, was observed. The effect of modified atmosphere exchanges per hour, CO2 levels, and cold shock during the cultivation cycle and sporophore production were investigated. A genebank of Australian Lepista was established. Three species of Lepista were found in Australia : L. nuda, L. sordida and L. saeva. Two other groups of Lepista were identified. The use of A. bisporus compost appeared to be optimal for experimental and commercial applications. Australian isolates of Lepista tolerate higher temperatures than French isolates, and grew at double the rate of the French at all temperatures except 5 degrees centigrade. The length of the spawn run was reduced from 43-58 days to 12-16 days with introduced CO2 of 9,000-11,000 ppm, but an erratic cyclic pattern of net CO2 production occurred which could only be stabilised by increasing ventilation. This initial cyclic pattern appeared to inhibit subsequent sporophore formation.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis focuses on the edible fungus Lepista (Pied Bleu or Wood Blewit). Factors affecting its potential commercial cultivation were explored and a contribution to knowledge of the morphology and cultivation of Australian species of Lepista has been made. Australian collections of Lepista were made within a 200 km zone of Sydney. A study of the morphology and taxonomic species of these collections was undertaken. Intra- and inter-fertility crosses were completed with French L. nuda and L. sordida to determine genetic relationships and biological species. Suitable substrates for agar medium, spawn production and cultivation were explored. The response to temperature of French and Australian Lepista in vitro, and Australian Lepista under cultivation, using cold shock, was observed. The effect of modified atmosphere exchanges per hour, CO2 levels, and cold shock during the cultivation cycle and sporophore production were investigated. A genebank of Australian Lepista was established. Three species of Lepista were found in Australia : L. nuda, L. sordida and L. saeva. Two other groups of Lepista were identified. The use of A. bisporus compost appeared to be optimal for experimental and commercial applications. Australian isolates of Lepista tolerate higher temperatures than French isolates, and grew at double the rate of the French at all temperatures except 5 degrees centigrade. The length of the spawn run was reduced from 43-58 days to 12-16 days with introduced CO2 of 9,000-11,000 ppm, but an erratic cyclic pattern of net CO2 production occurred which could only be stabilised by increasing ventilation. This initial cyclic pattern appeared to inhibit subsequent sporophore formation.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998.
Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Photocopies of articles by Karen Stott ... [et al.] in back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-148).

O macrofungo Lepista nuda (Bull), também conhecido como Clitocybe nuda, pertence ao filo Basidiomycota, à classe Basidiomycetes, à ordem Agaricales, à família Tricholomataceae e ao género Lepista, e tem como nome comum “pé-azul”. Trata-se de um fungo comestível saprófita/decompositor com muito interesse comercial devido, não só, ao seu valor nutricional, mas também ao seu aroma intenso e característico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a composição química e o potencial antioxidante de amostras de Lepista nuda provenientes de diferentes habitats do Nordeste de Portugal (corpos frutíferos silvestres provenientes de carvalhal e pinhal, e comerciais), e do micélio obtido por cultura in vitro a partir dos corpos frutíferos provenientes de prado e comerciais, usando cinco meios de cultura diferentes. Pretendeu-se, ainda, analisar efeitos de condições de stresse, relativamente à temperatura, no crescimento do micélio. Na determinação da composição química, deu-se especial atenção aos voláteis, ácidos gordos, açúcares, ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos e tocoferóis. Na avaliação das propriedades antioxidantes determinou-se o poder redutor, o efeito captador de radicais livres e a inibição da peroxidase lipídica em homogeneizados cerebrais. .Verificou-se que o micélio apresentou um maior crescimento radial e de massa no meio MMN completo. Por outro lado, o micélio obtido a partir da amostra comercial cresceu com maior rapidez em relação ao obtido a partir da amostra proveniente de prado; mas foi o micélio obtido a partir dessa amostra que teve uma maior produção de massa. Nas condições de stresse, o fungo sujeito a altas temperaturas, só cresceu em meio PACH; já a baixas temperaturas, cresceu em todos os meios de cultura testados. Os compostos voláteis dos cogumelos têm sido pouco estudados, embora eles contribuam significativamente para o sabor e propriedades organoléticas destas espécies. Foram identificados 22 componentes voláteis nas amostras comerciais e silvestres provenientes de carvalhal e pinhal, constituindo 84-94% da fração volátil. As diferenças entre os voláteis das amostras silvestres e comercial foram principalmente quantitativas. O linalol (17-26%), a pulegona (12-14%) e limoneno (10-11%) foram os três principais componentes em todas as amostras. A grande diferença foi observada na percentagem de 2-pentilfurano, presente em pequena quantidade nas amostras silvestres (2% e 5% nas amostras provenientes de carvalhal e pinhal, respetivamente), mas em quantidade considerável na amostra comercial (15%), sendo o segundo componente maioritário. Os compostos C8 são voláteis ubíquos entre fungos e responsáveis pelo seu aroma; o 1-octen-3-ol tem sido descrito como o mais abundante. No entanto, no presente estudo, este composto foi detetado em pequenas quantidades em todas as amostras (2%), tendo sido o linalool, o limoneno e pulegona os componentes principais nas amostras em estudo. A amostra comercial revelou a maior contribuição energética, maior conteúdo de PUFA, devido à contribuição de ácido linoleico, e também maior concentração de compostos fenólicos. A amostra silvestre de carvalhal deu os maiores níveis de ácidos orgânicos. As amostras de micélio mostraram ter níveis mais elevados de glucose, tocoferóis e maior atividade antioxidante. Particularmente, o meio de cultura PACH provou ser melhor para a produção de glucose, os meios de cultura PDA, PACH e FAD para β e -tocoferóis, o meio de cultura MMN completo para compostos fenólicos e o meio de cultura MMN incompleto para as propriedades antioxidantes. No geral, a cultura in vitro poderia ser explorada para obtenção de compostos bioativos de macrofungos para aplicações industriais, no controlo das condições ambientais para produzir maiores quantidades desses compostos e com o intuito de superar a diversidade na composição química observada em amostras recolhidas em diferentes habitats.
The macrofungi Lepista nuda (Bull), also known as Clitocybe nude belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota, class Basidiomycetes, order Agaricales, family Tricholomataceae and gender Lepista, and has the common name "blewit". It is an edible saprophytic/decomposer fungus with high commercial interest due not only to its nutritional value, but also to its intense and characteristic aroma. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of samples of Lepista nuda from different habitats in the Northeast of Portugal (commercial and wild fruiting bodies from oak and pine forests), and of the mycelium obtained by in vitro culture from commercial and meadow wild fruiting bodies, using five different culture media. Furthermore, the effects of stress conditions related to temperature, on mycelia growth were also evaluated. In the chemical composition evaluation, particular attention was given to the determination of volatile compounds, fatty acids, sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols. Regarding the antioxidant properties, reducing power, free radical scavenging effects and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates were evaluated. Mycelium cultured in solid complete Melin-Norkans medium showed the highest growth and radial mass. Otherwise, the mycelium obtained from commercial sample grew faster compared to the one obtained from wild meadow samples, but it was the mycelium obtained from this sample that gave the highest mass production. Under conditions of stress with high temperatures, the fungi only grew in medium PACH; applying low temperatures, mycelia grown in all the tested culture media. Volatile compounds from mushrooms have been little studied, although they contribute significantly to the flavour and organoleptic properties of these species. Twenty two volatile components were identified in the commercial and wild samples (obtained from oak and pine forests), constituting 84-94% of the volatile fraction. The differences between the commercial and wild samples volatiles were mostly in quantities. Linalool (17-26%), pulegone (12-14%) and limonene (10-11%) were the main components in all the samples. The major difference was observed in the percentage of 2-pentylfuran, present in small amounts in wild samples (2% and 5% in samples from oak and pine forests, respectively), but in considerable amounts in the commercial sample (15%), being the second main compound. C8 compounds are ubiquitous volatiles in fungi and have been pointed out as responsible for their aroma; 1-octen-3-ol has been described as the most abundant. However, in this study, this compound was detected in small amounts in all the samples (2%); linalool, limonene and pulegone were the major components in the analyzed samples. The commercial sample (cultivated) gave the highest energetic contribution and PUFA contents due to the contribution of linoleic acid, as also of phenolic compounds; the wild sample from oak forest gave the highest levels of organic acids. Mycelia samples showed to have higher levels of glucose, tocopherols and antioxidant activity. Particularly, PACH medium proved to be better for glucose production, PDA, PACH and FAD for β- and -tocopherols, complete MMN for phenolic compounds and incomplete MMN for antioxidant properties Overall, in vitro culture could be explored to obtain bioactive compounds from macro fungi for industrial applications, controlling environmental conditions to produce higher amounts of these compounds and to overcome the diversity in chemical composition observed in samples collected in different habitat.

Os comportamentos de muitos animais expressam-se de forma rítmica como um mecanismo de adaptação a um ambiente cíclico. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a distribuição diária de comportamentos observados em Pyrrhura lepida lepida para caracterizar sua organização temporal. Observamos individualmente o comportamento de quatro aves residentes na Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, sob condições naturais de iluminação e temperatura. Receberam comida e água ad libitum e foram filmadas dia e noite, continuamente. Registramos a duração das categorias comportamentais: deslocamento, inatividade, cuidados corporais, cuidados com o ninho, interação social, atividade alimentar e debicar, a cada hora do dia, por três dias consecutivos. Os registros foram feitos com o programa EthoLog 2.2 (Ottoni, 2000). A detecção dos ritmos de cada comportamento foi feita com a utilização do programa El Temps (Diez-Nogueira, 2005) que gera periodogramas segundo o algoritmo de Lomb- Scargle (significância p 0,05). O método Cosinor (Halberg et al, 1972; Nelson et al, 1979; Benedito Silva, 1988) foi utilizado para a identificação de parâmetros rítmicos, como o mesor e a acrofase. Encontramos ritmicidade diária para as categorias deslocamento, inatividade, atividade alimentar e debicar. Para cuidados com o ninho observamos ritmo bimodal para uma das aves, ritmo diário para duas aves e arritmicidade para uma ave. A diferença entre as fases da reprodução em que os animais se encontravam talvez tenha ocasionado tal resultado. Para interação social e cuidados corporais não encontramos perfis rítmicos e pudemos observar a ocorrência destes comportamentos dia e noite. Maiores investigações ecológicas e funcionais devem ser feitas para melhor compreensão desse padrão arrítmico. Nossos resultados mostram a existência de uma organização temporal de comportamentos e sincronização entre as aves, o que deve ser funcionalmente importante nos processos de interação com o ambiente.
The behaviours of many animals are organized in the rhythmic pattern as mechanism of the adaptation in a cyclical environment. The goal of this research was describe the daily distribution of the behaviors in Pyrrhura lepida lepida, to characterize your temporal organization. It was observed, individually, the behaviour of four birds that are living at the Zoo of São Paulo, under a constant condition of illumination and temperature. It was given food and water ad libitum and the birds were filmed day and night, continuously which were recorded the duration of the behavioural categories: dislocate, inactivity, body cares, nest care, social interaction, food activity and perch peck, each hour, for three days consecutives. The registers were done with the programme EthoLog 2.2 (Ottoni, 2000). The rhythmic of the behaviours were analyzed through the programme El Temps (Diez-Nogueira, 2005) that utilize spectral analyze for to produce Lomb- Scargle periodograms (significance p 0.05). The Cosinor method (Halberg et al, 1972; Nelson et al, 1979; Benedito Silva, 1988) was utilized to identificate the rhythmics parameters, such the mesor and the acrophase. It was found daily rhythms for the categories: dislocate, inactivity, food activity e perch peck. For nest care, was observed bimodal rhythm for one bird and daily rhythm for two birds e arrhythmicity for one bird. The difference between the phases of reproduction of the animals, maybe has provided that result.The social interaction and body care showed an outline arrhythmicity and it was observed its incident day and night. For the better understanding of the pattern arrhythmicity it `s necessary a deep ecological and functional investigation. The results showed the existence of the behavioral temporal organization and synchronicity among the birds which must be functionally important in the processes of interaction with the environment.

This thesis addresses the problematics of automated mini-doses application of the adhesive. In thesis are summarized the parameters and types of adhesives with regard to the suitability and the basic theory of bonding. At the same time are summarized the available technologies and methods of bonding. Part of the work is the analysis of requirements for automatic microdosing, in terms of management, delivery system, manipulator, mechanics, functional safety. It also includes the selection of suitable components. The thesis contains the development and description of the control software, visualization, data acquisition, management of robotic manipulator, functional safety logics and dispenser management. The outcome of the thesis is a functional device according to the proposed 3D model made of borrowed components on which algorithms are tested and functionality was verified. In the conclusions are described the complementary features ensuring the possibility of setting the device up in the industry.

This diploma thesis focuses on a design of camera control system used for detecting defects, appearing during a UV luminescent glue application on the bottom of a paper bag. As a part of this thesis, an application was developed, using Baumer VCXG-53C industrial camera, implementing two dierent control methods - 2D cross correlation image pattern matching based on previously user defined pattern and glue area size measuring based on binary segmented image. The result of this work is a fully developed control system, prepared to be put into operation at the customer’s production line.

This labor is based on penetration of adhesives into a wood cell walls. It focuses mainly on adhesives that are currently used for construction purposes. It also contains a methodics of selecting adhesives and wood, which will be used for glued joints and summarizes the methods used for detect these adhesives in the wood cell wall. It experimentally verifies the appropriate selection of the dye-solvent combination used in the adhesive.

This diploma thesis deals with the design and virtual commissioning of a robotic workplace designed for glueing and assembling a car headlight. The thesis contains a summary of available information on the matter of virtual commissioning and industrial robotics. It also contains a system analysis of the necessary equipment, followed by a design of several workplace variants. The final solution for which the 3D model is made is selected from them. With it, in the RobotStudio software, a simulation of all processes taking place at the workplace is created. On its base, a control program is created and debugged, and virtual commissioning of the workplace is performed.

Il presente lavoro ha come obiettivo proporre un'analisi di una delle tecnologie emersa negli ultimi anni: LoRaWAN, "Long Range Wide Area Network". In particolare l'obiettivo è testare le prestazioni nella trasmissione dei nodi LoRa a brevi distanze in ambienti indoor/outdoor attraverso un server della rete The Thing Network e sperimentare il servizio offerto dalla rete IoT Lepida della pubblica amministrazione della regione Emilia Romagna. Nel capitolo 2 viene descritta la tecnologia LoRaWAN e per quale motivo si presta bene ad implementare delle reti IoT. In particolare si analizza la struttura della rete attraverso lo stack tecnologico soffermandosi sulla modulazione LoRa (layer �fisico) e sullo strato MAC. Viene in�ne illustrata l'architettura della rete implementata che mette in comunicazione un End Device con The Thing Network e Lepida. Nel capitolo 3 viene presentata la Rete Lepida, ed attraverso la sperimentazione del suo servizio di rete IoT, viene descritto come è possibile registrare un nodo personale, specificando quali sono i tipi di connessione e le relative chiavi necessarie. In seguito vengono esposti i vari tipi di visualizzazione dati che il servizio mette a disposizione dell'utente. Nel capitolo 4 viene utilizzata la rete The Thing Network per mappare la copertura dell'intera zona del campus di Cesena e veri�care la connettività di un nodo LoRa con un Gateway privato presente in sede. Nel Capitolo conclusivo vengono esposte le considerazioni fatte in luce della sperimentazione di un servizio IoT, e delle potenzialità di LoRaWAN in generale.

The aim of the thesis entitled "Study of some factors affecting the adhesive bonds durability" is description of factors that affect the mechanical properties (strength and hardness). The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the bonding chemical nature and bonding technology description. Various factors that may lead to degradation of bonded joint are described here too. The experimental part deals with the influence of the environment on adhesive or bonded joint. For a comparison epoxy and methylmetacryle adhesives were tested. All experiments were performed in compliance with standards ČSN EN 1465 and ČSN EN ISO 868. In long-term experiments focused on bonded joint strength change the other authors' hypotheses about the negative effect of atmospheric conditions or fluid contaminant in the liquid water form were confirmed. Experiments were also focused on the processes taking place in the bonded joints after the degradation. The process of drying under the laboratory conditions has the positive effect on the hardness of the adhesive or bonded joint strength. The results are processed by the statistical program and are summarized in the form of tables and graphs.

O complexo Pyrrhura lepida, como atualmente definido, é composto por três subespécies, P. l. lepida, P. l. coerulescens e P. l. anerythra, as quais são estreitamente relacionadas a P. perlata. De ocorrência no sul da Amazônia, diferenciam-se dos demais representantes do gênero pela coloração da cauda, cuja face dorsal é vermelho-escuro, enquanto a ventral é negra, além de possuírem as retrizes mais largas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a variação morfológica presente nesses táxons, revisar sua validade taxonômica e definir sua distribuição geográfica. Foram analisados 69 espécimes de P. lepida e 34 espécimes de P. perlata. A análise dos padrões de coloração de plumagem foi baseada em diversas regiões corpóreas, perfazendo 19 caracteres morfológicos. Quanto à morfometria, foram obtidas medidas de comprimento de asa, de cauda, do cúlmen exposto, largura do bico e comprimento do tarsometatarso. A análise morfológica demonstra a existência de apenas três táxons válidos: o primeiro deles ocorre do rio Madeira até a margem leste do rio Tapajós, é caracterizado por apresentar a região abdominal de coloração vermelho-vivo, região auricular composta de penas escuras com a raque e o ápice esbranquiçados, região superior das bochechas de coloração verde-amarelado e face dorsal da cauda de cor marrom-avermelhado e deve continuar sendo tratado pelo nome P. perlata. O segundo táxon ocorre na região entre os rios Xingu e Araguaia-Tocantins, é caracterizado pela presença de coloração verde-azulada nas coberteiras inferiores das asas e pelo abdômen verde com a presença na região central de uma mancha escamada de coloração vermelho-escura e deve ser chamado P. anerythra. O terceiro táxon, caracterizado principalmente pela coloração geral verde na região abdominal, e pelas coberteiras inferiores das asas vermelhas, reúne as populações a leste do Araguaia-Tocantins incluindo a ilha de Marajó que antes eram tratadas como dois táxons distintos: P. lepida lepida e P. l. coerulescens, e a partir do presente estudo devem ser sinonimizados. A revisão da história nomenclatural dessa população, contudo, revelou a necessidade de algumas mudanças de acordo com o Código Internacional de Nomenclatura: o nome atual Pyrrhura lepida (Wagler, 1832) deve ter sua autoria corrigida para Pyrrhura lepida (Kuhl, 1820). Entretanto, como o espécime-tipo desse nome é um híbrido, este nome se torna inválido e, como consequência, este táxon deve ser denominado Pyrrhura coerulescens Neumann, 1927, que é o segundo nome mais antigo disponível. Não obstante os grandes afluentes do sul do Amazonas delimitarem os táxons válidos, há uma pequena zona de hibridação entre P. anerythra e P. coerulescens na região de Portel/PA, a oeste da foz do rio Tocantins, mas que aparentemente não compromete o reconhecimento desses dois táxons. Os dados morfométricos não permitiram diagnosticar os táxons dada a sobreposição dos valores e tampouco foi detectado dimorfismo sexual. Conjuntamente, esses três táxons compõem o aqui redefinido complexo perlata-coerulescens.
The species complex of Pyrrhura lepida, as currently defined, is composed of three subspecies: P. l. lepida, P. l. coerulescens e P. l. anerythra, all closely related to P. perlata. Occurring on the southern Amazon forest, the complex differentiates itself from other members of the genus by its tails coloration, which is dark-red on the dorsal side and black on the underside, with wider rectrices. This works objective was to describe the morphological variance in these taxa, revising their taxonomical validity and defining their geographical distribution. In the course of it, 69 specimens of P. lepida and 34 of P. perlata were analyzed. Analysis of the coloration pattern of the birds plumage was based on several corporeal regions, adding up to 19 distinct morphological characters. Regarding morphometry, the utilized measures were closed wing length, tail length, exposed culmen length, beak width and tarsometatarsus length. Morphological analysis show the existence of only three valid taxa: the first, occurring from the Madeira river to the east margin of the Tapajós river, has a distinguishing, vivid red coloration on its abdomen, an auricular region composed of dark feathers with whitened raquis and apex, green-yellow coloration in its upper cheek regions and brown-red on the backside of its tail, and so should continue to be treated by the name of P. perlata. The second taxon occurs in the region between the Xingu and Araguaia-Tocantins rivers. It is characterized by the green-blue coloration in its lower coverts of it wings and green abdomen with scale-like deep-red coloration, and should be named as P. anerythra. The third taxon, mainly characterized by the generally green coloration of its abdomen and red lower coverts on its wings, covers populations located east from Araguaia-Tocantins, including ones in ilha de Marajó, which were before split in two different taxa, P. lepida lepida and P. l. coerulescens. Both taxa should be considered synonyms from now on. Historical nomenclature revision of the populations revealed, however, the necessity of some changes in accordance with the ICZN: the current name Pyrrhura lepida (Wagler, 1832) should have its authorship corrected to Pyrrhura lepida (Kuhl, 1820). However, the type-specimen of that name is a hybrid, invalidating the name and making Pyrrhura coerulescens Neumann, 1927, as the second oldest available name, the correct one. Even though the main contributors of the southern Amazon river define and isolate the valid taxa, there is a small hybridization area between P. anerythra e P. coerulescens near Portel/PA, located to the east of the mouth of the Tocantins river. Still, the hybridization doesnt seem to compromise the characterization and differentiation of these two taxa. Morphometrical data were unable to distinguish between taxa due to juxtaposition of values and averages. Sexual dimorphism was also not detected. Jointly these three taxa form the hereby redefined perlata-coerulescens species complex.

Lacerta lepida is a lizard species that occurs throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Detailed phylogeographic analysis of the species using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear sequence data revealed a history of population fragmentation and diversification in allopatry. Diversification within the species was estimated to have started in the Miocene probably related to geological events of the region, nevertheless a strong influence of Pleistocene climatic oscillations were also detected. Several glacial refugia and demographic range expansions after diversification in allopatry were detected leading to the establishment of several secondary contact zones. Detailed analysis of two secondary contact zones within the species was carried out.

Orientador: Celso Henrique de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: No Brasil, pacientes atópicos com rinite alérgica e/ou asma brônquica apresentam sensibilidade a aeroalérgenos, sobretudo ácaros. Outras potenciais fontes de alérgenos como a traça-de-livro ainda necessitam ser confirmadas como alergênicas e relacionadas a doenças alérgicas respiratórias. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade imediata de pacientes atópicos através do teste cutâneo de puntura, a extrato padronizado em Unidades Biológicas de corpo inteiro da traça-de-livro Lepisma saccharina. A padronização do extrato bruto de corpo inteiro de L. saccharina em Unidades Biológicas (UB) foi realizada através da regressão linear dos dados do teste de puntura obtidos em pacientes atópicos e voluntários sadios. O teste cutâneo foi realizado com extratos comerciais de ácaros, epitélios de cão e gato, baratas, poeira domiciliar e os extratos-testes de L. saccharina nas concentrações de 5.000, 10.000 e 25.000 PNU/mL. Após a padronização do extrato da traça, foram realizados novos testes de puntura em novos voluntários para se avaliar a sensibilidade imediata ao extrato na concentração de 100 UB/mL. Na fase de padronização do extrato, participaram 32 atópicos e 11 indivíduos sadios. O tamanho da pápula encontrado equivalente à histamina foi de 29.336 PNU/mL. Na segunda fase, participaram 21 atópicos e 16 voluntários sadios. Houve ainda uma significativa maior positividade aos extratos de D. pteronyssinus, B. tropicalis e Tyrophagus putrescentiae e poeira intradomiciliar no grupo de atópicos que no grupo controle. Encontramos sensibilidade ao extrato padronizado da traça L. saccharina (100 UB/mL) de 14,3% no grupo de paciente atópicos e 8,1% de prevalência global. A sensibilidade ao extrato padronizado de L. saccharina em UB foi considerada leve nos grupo
Abstract: In Brazil, allergic patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma present sensibility for several aeroallergens mainly from house dust mites. Other potential sources of allergens like silverfish remain to be investigated as really allergenic and firmly related to respiratory allergic diseases. The aim of this study was investigate by skin prick test the immediate sensitivity to a biological unit-standardized extract of silverfish Lepisma saccharina in allergic patients. The standardization of the crude extract of L. saccharina whole bodies by biological units (BU) was performed with linear regression of skin prick test data from allergic patients and healthy volunteers. Skin prick tests were performed using commercial extracts of mites, cat and dog dander, cockroaches, house dust and the crude-extracts of L. saccharina at 5.000, 10.000 and 25.000 PNU/mL. After standardization, the silverfish extract at 100 BU/mL was prick-tested to evaluate silverfish sensitivity in allergic patients. Thirty-two allergic patients and 11 healthy volunteers were enrolled in silverfish extract standardization test. The histamine equivalent papule area of silverfish extract was calculated at the concentration of 29.336 PNU/mL. To investigate the sensitivity of silverfish standardized extract another 21 allergic patients and 16 healthy volunteers were studied. There were significant higher skin test positive results for D. pteronyssinus, B. tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and house dust extracts in allergic patients than controls. The sensitivity of silverfish L. saccharina (100 BU/mL) standardized extract was 14.3% in allergic patients with 8.1% of general prevalence. The sensibility to standardized extract of silverfish in BU was considerate light in allergic patients
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Thesis is dealing with PVAC dispersion adhesives. Main objective of this thesis is to assess the influence of compression pressure on strenght of glued joint. For research were used two kinds of adhesives. Secondary task was also determine if one of used glues suits to normatively appointed denominations of classe of durability D3. Speciments were made according to norms ČSN EN 204 a ČSN EN 205, than they were gummed by selected glues using different compression pressures and exposed to appointed conditions, which corresponds to classes of durability D1, D2 and D3. Finally there were determined strenght of glued joints according to the same norms and evaluated the influence of compression pressure. Results from all measurments were registred per tables and graphs.

The thesis deals with the properties of epoxy resins, their reinforcing by thermoplastic modified epoxies, rubbers and cellulose fibers. The thesis also describes the production, properties and types of cellulose fibers. In the practical part of this thesis, there was executed reinforcement of epoxy matrix by different amounts of cellulose fibers. Mixing was performed in two ways – by a homogenizer or an ultrasonic homogenizer. There were also executed the tensile strength and shear strength tests to the manufactured conglomerates.

This diploma thesis deals with bonded hybrid joints which are used for connecting parts of modern coachwork. Firstly, the thesis describes in general the process of production of the whole coachwork, from cutting of the blanks to the surface treatment including the analysis of the used materials. Subsequently, the problem of joining body parts through adhesives, but also by welding, soldering or other methods is discussed. Another part of this thesis is dedicated to an experiment in which the qualities of bonded hybrid joints were determined. Different ways of realizing the joint have been made which differed in the size of the glued surface, in the welding methods and in the process of their creation. The produced joints were tested for their strength and quality.

The content of the diploma thesis deals with the study of the flexibility and adhesion of cement tile adhesives, which are modified by a polymeric additive. The effects of the quantity and type of redispersible polymer powder used on the properties of the adhesives, in particular on the deformability of adhesives and their adhesion, are monitored. The theoretical part summarizes the basic data concerning classification of the ceramic tiles, information about the adhesives, the processed part concerning the polymer modified adhesives and the effects of the polymeric additives on their properties. The practical part deals primarily with the study of adhesion and flexibility of polymer modified adhesives and study of microstructure of selected materials.

Flat roofs are very desired type of building roofing these days. We can find flat roofs in construction of family and apartment houses, manufacturing and storage buildings, office buildings, shopping centres, etc. and not only in constructions of new building, but in substantial amount also during reconstruction. For every flat roof it is necessary to design a way of roof plies stabilization against wind suction. Gluing is one of many used methods of flat roof stabilization. The gluing itself can be implemented by innumerable adhesives of various compositions from many manufacturers. Gluing has advantages and disadvantages as every method. Lack of information can be considered as key disadvantage. Especially the lack of information about strength of gluing joints. The dissertation is focused on polyurethane adhesives, their application for stabilization of layers in flat roof and experimental determination of strength values of glued joints. The first phase of the dissertation aims to create a test methodology for experimental measurements. As a part of the methology to create a test model, a test apparatus and a procedure for experimental measurements. In next phase dissertation focuses on experimental measurements and their evaluation. Research was primarily focused on properties of gluing joint depending on the amount and type of the adhesive, material of bonding layers and technological indiscipline. The results of experimental measurement provide numerical values of strength of the gluing joints and pointed to risky situations which can occur during realization. The conclusion provides practical recommendations and possible opportunities for continuation of the work on this topic.

The main object of this master´s thesis is to increase productivity glueing and lowering the weight of the bus roof while maintaining its toughness. The first part describes the present glueing technologies. Subsequently, there is adduced theoretically various hypothesis about the glue seam. The proposed solution is to use the glue containing accelerators. Two glues from the companies DINITROL and SIKA are suggested and compared. The following chapter details the suggested technology and describes its possibilities. The final part presents the project of ultralight roof made from sandwich panels.

The diploma thesis deals with research and subsequent development of a new adhesive material for the installation of nonabsorbent basalt elements on silicate foundations under severe exposure conditions. For commercially produced tile adhesives, only primary raw materials are used as fillers. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility of utilization of secondary raw materials as fillers in the tile adhesive. The thesis is mainly focused on the durability of these materials after exposure to the aggressive environment.

The diploma thesis is about the design of an automatic application system of edge protection corners to palletized material. As the first the diploma thesis briefly discusses actual principles and solutions in area of palletization. After that, there are 4 potential solutions described and measured by multicriteria evaluation method where the most suitable solution is being chosen. Then the actual act of designing of the chosen solution is described and also there are solved necessary calculations. In the end there is risk analysis of new workplace and the drawing documentation of selected nodes is attached. The diploma thesis’ assignment has been made in cooperation with company PHATEC s.r.o. in Litomyšl.

The diploma thesis deals with influence of the used adhesive to large format tiles properties after installation. Properties on large format tiles were monitored by ultrasonic pulse velocity method. Hydraulic setting adhesives were tested in second part. Strength and modulus of elasticity were tested. The development of shrinkage over time was also monitored. The results were summarized in tabular and graphical form and were examined by simple statistical analysis to determine resulting conclusions.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
植物保護系
94
The Wood Blewit, Lepista nuda, is classified as a species within the Tricholornataceae family of Agaricales. L. nuda is mainly found in Europe, North America and Asia. In Taiwan, the Blewit is introduced form Frence and studied only at Taiwan Agricultural Research Instilute 6 years ago. The physiological characteristics of L. nuda, environment factors and culture techniques for mushroom formation are experimented. The suitable factors for mycelial growth of L. nuda are obtained at 24℃on temperature and at 7-8 of pH value, V8 juice agar and potato sucrose agar media as culture media, sorbitol and mannitol for carbon sources, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and asparagines for nitrogen sources. The wheat grain is selected as the best material for making spawn of L. nuda after the screening tests from 17 kinds of seeds. A couple of composts and their mixtures are used to investigate in mycelium growth and fruiting body formation for culture improvement. For mycelial growth, rice straw-cow manure compost, and rice straw-chicken manure compost are better in colony diameter 7.6cm and 6.3cm, respectively, after 14-day cultivation; the sawdust compost is the worst in 2.8cm. In day-requirement for mushroom formation after casing, rice straw-cow manure compost and rice straw-chicken manure compost are shorter for 30 and 30.8 days, respectively. For mushroom yield, the biological efficiency of pangolagrass compost is the highest in 41.7%, the next better is rice straw compost in 37.9%, the worst is cow manure compost only in 15.6%. In nutrient supplement experiments, 2% yeast meal and 2% yeast meal-2% molasses mixture can increase mycelial growth after supplementing into rice straw compost, and 2% fructose increases mycelial growth after supplementing into casing layer of peat moss. Although 2% glucose supplement into casing layer can shorten the day-requirement for mushroom formation in 30 days, 2% molasses in 34.5 days, and the biological efficiency of twice a week for supplement is better than that of onetime or thrice a week, no nutrient supplement in compost or casing layer is still the best for mushroom formation in biological efficiency or in day requirement. In thickness of casing layer experiment, 4cm of casing in all tested composts is the most early for fruit body formation for about 34.9-39.6 days. The biological efficiency in pangolagrass compost and rice straw-chicken manure compost are 45.4% and 43.4%, respectively, in 2cm thickness of casing layer. The RH 90% of culture chamber is better than RH 85% or 95% for mushroom formation in biological efficiency of 38.8% and in day requirement for only 27.6 days. Illumination can improve the pin-head formation and mushroom yield. After inoculation of wheat grain spawn of blewit in rice straw compost, cultivation at 24℃ and casing with peatmoss, the yield of the treatment of the mycelial grown completely in casing layer at 24℃ then move to 13℃ for mushroom cultivation is better than that of the treatment of 13℃ for the mycelial growth and mushroom cultivation. The mycelial cutting in casing layer is better than no cutting in biological efficiency of mushroom yield.

The thesis deals with the influence of mixture of the mixed adhesive and dispersion PVAc adhesive for bonding strength in shear strength. For the testing were selected two economically very important wood species (the spruce and beech wood) which are used in construction, furniture and building industry. All samples were grouped by the type of adhesive and by the temperature used for 28 days conditioning. All samples were bonded with coating 120 g/m2. After bonding, pressing and conditioning to required temperature were all samples subjected to a test, which examines the bonding strength in shear. The thesis deals with the comparison of the results and examines the effect of the adhesive mixture to bonding strength.

碩士
國立中興大學
森林學系所
94
This is the first paper to evaluate a natural product used as an antisilverfish agent all over the world. Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina), primitive wingless insects, feed on a variety of materials, including paper, cotton, starch and cereals. It is a general common pest of house. In this study, the essential oils of Cryptomeria japonica were selected to evaluate its effect of repellent and death against silverfish. Before repellency and anti-silverfish assay, the culture system for silverfish was established in this study. The best feeds for silverfish were cellulose and mixed feed in a 1:1 ration (the composition of mixed feed was milk powder: oatmeal: yeast= 1: 9: 9). Moreover, the hatching process was not necessary for the mature of silverfish eggs. According to the results obtained in the repellency assay, the essential oil of leaves and woods from C. japonica shown the significantly repellency activity against silverfish. The repellent activity was 76% at a dosage of 0.01 mg/cm3 essential oil from leaves. In addition, the repellent activity was 83% at a dosage of 0.001 mg/cm3 essential oil from woods. When silverfish were exposed to a concentration of 0.16 mg/cm3 essential oil from leaves, they were killed within 10 h, and exposed to a concentration of 0.16 mg/cm3 essential oil from wood, they were killed within 16 h. The chemical composition of essential oil, the emissions from a test chamber, and the residue left on filter papers previously soaked with essential oil in a chamber were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of the leave essential oil were found to be: elemol (18.22%), 16-kaurene (11.63%), 3-carene (9.66%), sabinene (9.37%), terpinene-4-ol (9.06%), α-eudesmol (5.70%), α-pinene (5.62%), and limonene (5.26%). As for the wood essential oils were γ-cadinene (17.70%), δ-cadinene (13.08%), elemol (9.47%), germacrene D (6.31), α-muurolene (4.02%), β-eudesmol (3.66%), and β-cubene (3.37%). Only some constituents of the essential oil compounds collected by solid-phase microextraction were found to be emitted in the test chamber. The main composition for leave essential oil were 3-carene (21.03%), p-cymene (10.95%), limonene (9.49%), β-myrcene (9.39%), γ-terpinene (9.10%), α-terpinene (8.57%), terpinene-4-ol (7.97%); for wood essential oil were γ-cadinene (50.55%), α-muurolene (9.59%), β-caryophyllene (4.77%), α-humulene (3.92%), and δ-cadinene (3.41%). Based on the results from this study, the essential oils from C. japonica provide a great potential for developing an environmental-friendly chemicals to prevent silverfish to damage living environment.

The aim of diploma thesis is to discover the effect of used glue on strength of Domino structural joint and on the experiment basis determine whether different thermal conditions affect the strength of glued joint and if this influencing is significant or not. Two types of samples were made for this experiment with difference in used glue. These samples were exposed to three different temperatures. Bending moment and rigidity coefficient was identified at particular joints.

Submitted diploma thesis deals with the influence of the adhesive base to quality of veneered furniture parts and follows the requirements of applicable standards for testing. The most frequently used materials in furniture were selected to verify the quality. As substrate samples were chosen 18 mm thick chipboards and as a decorative material were chosen beech veneers with a thickness of 0.6 mm. To test the suitability of adhesive compositions for veneering furniture components were selected adhesive mixtures based on condensation adhesives types (urea-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives) and dispersion (PVAc), and the resulting adhesive compositions were made from various types of adhesives in specified ratio (60 : 40, 75 : 25 and 85 : 15). The test samples were veneered with the same adhesive coating, which was 150 g/m2. Individual test samples were divided into groups according to the type of used adhesive, pressing temperature and pressing time. These test samples were tested after completion of the adhesive file, compression and conditioning. Quality of furniture parts was assessed in terms of physico-mechanical properties of the finished surface quality of furniture components after the completion of the surface treatment of the test samples with spraying by water-based and acrylate-polyurethane coating. The result of this thesis is the determination of depending of adhesives types to quality of veneered furniture parts. Another result is comparing of different finishes types to quality of veneered furniture parts.

Introduction: Cyanoacrylate gluing technique is the least strenuous treatment of varicose trunks which does not necessitate tumescent anaesthesia and post procedural stocking compression. In response to the long-term unavailability of commercial kits with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) in the Czech Republic, we used a modified technique, which is based on the technique of endovascular treatment of AV malformations in the brain and uses a mixture of cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol to clog. We evaluated the success of the method, complications and clinical improvement of chronic venous insufficiency. Parts of the work are histological findings of collected samples of veins at various time intervals. In an in vitro experiment, we compared the bond strength of a bonded shear to a tear device. The adhesive mix values used were compared with those of commercially available adhesives for this purpose. Patients and methods: Fifty-six limbs in 49 patients suffering from great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein insufficiency in combination with symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency and complicating comorbidities were treated with a modified endovascular cyanoacrylate glue application technique. A histopathological examination was conducted on vein samples from six. In each patient a sample of the...

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the influence of nonstandard climatic conditions affecting veneered legs of table furniture and quality verification of the final product. The thesis is focused on analysis of technological factors affecting vendeer bonding, influence of adhesive used for bonding strenght and asses total resistance of finalizing surface for high and low temperatures or increased environment humidity.

The diploma thesis deals with the VOC substances and their impact on the indoor environment, health of human and environment. The work deals with the assessment of the emissions volatile organic compounds emit from materials used for the production of furniture in dependence on time. Focuses primarily on the most used construction material for production of furniture from particle board. The work assesses emitted substances from chosen glues/coating substances used for veneering/surface finishing of element.

The thesis delas with the influence of microvawe radiation on shear strength. For this experiment were selected two of our most common wood species which are used in furniture, construction and other industries and fields. Namely spruce wood and beech wood. All species were bonded by water-based dispersion adhesive (coating 150 g/m

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林學研究所
90
The purposes of this study were （1） to compare the mycorrhizal morphology formed by Tuber indicum and T. formosanum on Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and （2）to test pure culture synthesis of Russula lepida and Alpova piceus with Pinus taiwanensis Hay. The characteristics of both mycorrhizal types formed by T. indicum and T. formosanum on C. glauca were summarized as follows： （Ⅰ）T. indicum：T. indicum formed monopodial or dichotomous ectomycorrhizae. Color of the mycorrhiza was light brown when it was young, brown when it was mature, and changed to dark brown when it was old. The structure of outer mantle was felt prosenchyma, and the inner mantle was regular synenchyma. Hyphae of the mycorrhizal mantle surface has obvious ring-wart structure. Hartig nets extended to the third layer of the cortex cells, and the intercellular hyphae reached to the third layer. There were round contents in the hyphae of the Hartig nets and fungus mantle . （Ⅱ）T. formosanum：The majority of ectomycorrhizae formed by T. formosanum were monopodial, but only few mycorrhizae were dichotomous. Color of the mycorrhiza was light brown when it was young, and with golden bristles when it was mature, and became yellow-brown or dark brown when it was old. The structure of outer mantle was felt prosenchyma, and the inner mantle was regular synenchyma. Hyphae of the mycorrhizal mantle surface were smooth. The Hartig nets extended to the second layer of the cortex cells. According to the reactions of the mycorrhizal elements to the chemical reagents, differences of T. indicum and T. formosanum were（1）The color of the extended hyphae of T. indicum became red-brown with conc. H2SO4, light-green with conc. NH4OH, light-grey with 37﹪formalin, but no color changed of T. formosanum was found with conc. H2SO4、conc. NH4OH and 37﹪formalin；（2）The color of the T. indicum mantle hyphae became dark-brown with 10﹪FeSO4；on the contrary, the color of T. formosanum mantle hyphae became dark-green；（3）The Hartig nets of T. indicum became light-blue with 10﹪FeSO4, and those of T. formosanum became green；（4）The color of the Hartig nets of T. indicum became green with conc. NH4OH, but those of T. formosanum became dark-brown. The optimum agar medium tested for colony growth of two ectomycorrhizal fungi, viz. R. lepida and A. piceus was：1. MMN≧YMT≧MYC for R. lepida；2. MMN≧MYC＞YMT for A. piceus. A. piceus could form typical monopodial and dichotomous white ectomycorrhizae with P. taiwanensis using the pure culture synthesis, The structure of outer mantle was felt prosenchyma, and the inner mantle was net synenchyma. The hyphae mantle was 15∼30μm thick, The Hartig nets extended to the second layer of the cortex cells. R. lepida could only colonize around the root system of P. taiwanensis, and could not form mycorrhiza.