Dissertationen: „LEGAL ADVISER“

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Majul, Salazar Sergio Antonio. „Legal Advisor Chile, asesoría legal para clientes no residentes en Chile“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114416.

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Magíster en Gestión para la Globalización
El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar un plan de negocios destinado a evaluar la conveniencia comercial del proyecto denominado Legal Advisor Chile. Este emprendimiento consiste en una compañía de servicios jurídicos con sede en Santiago, diseñada para satisfacer las necesidades de personas tanto naturales como jurídicas que no residen en Chile y que requieren la ejecución de una actividad, trámite o gestión legal dentro del territorio de la república. Hoy en día, nuestro país es considerando en el plano internacional como uno de los países más abiertos en términos comerciales y, a consecuencia de ello, se ha incrementado la cantidad de servicios que tienden a satisfacer necesidades más allá de nuestras fronteras. Resulta atractivo satisfacer las necesidades que tienen los potenciales clientes que residen fuera del territorio de la república que deben realizar diversas gestiones de índole jurídica en nuestro país. El interés que ha despertado Chile en el extranjero se ha visto reflejado en el quehacer diario de las distintas oficinas consulares con que cuenta nuestro país en el exterior. Sin ser ambiciosos, es posible acceder a un interesante mercado en los dos grupos objetivos seleccionados para este plan. Estos grupos son: a) los chilenos que residen en el exterior y que mantienen vínculos de diversa índole con Chile y que requieren la ejecución de uno o más servicios jurídicos en nuestro país, y b) los extranjeros que tengan la intención de hacer negocios o inversiones en Chile y que diariamente se acercan a las diversas oficinas consulares chilenas en el exterior requiriendo información de cómo ejecutar dichas gestiones dentro del territorio de nuestra república. Se ha delimitado el público objetivo en 114 mil personas, cuyo mercado se valora en no menos de US$11,4 millones anuales. La compañía se focalizará en seis tipos de servicios de acuerdo a las necesidades señaladas por los consultados en las encuestas efectuadas a potenciales clientes, esto son: mandatos judiciales, legalización de documentos, elaboración de contratos, constitución de sociedades, tramitación de posesiones efectivas y la representación ante tribunales de justicia y servicios públicos. El contacto de los clientes se realizará a distancia por medio de la utilización de tecnología existente en un moderno portal web que permita no sólo el contacto, sino que también realizar el pago y el seguimiento de los servicios que se contratan con la compañía. De esta manera, la compañía agrega valor al entregar un servicio profesional de alta calidad, el que se acomoda a estándares internacionales, sin limitaciones de fronteras ni de idiomas y con un compromiso fundado en el conocimiento del negocio y en la experiencia de trabajo multicultural e internacional. Con un horizonte de evaluación de seis años, el capital inicial requerido asciende a US$85 mil y se estima que el payback se produzca al tercer año de funcionamiento. El Valor Presente Neto Total de este negocio asciende a los US$177 mil y la TIR es de un 93%. Los principales riesgos están dados especialmente por la variable Cantidad de Prestaciones . Para abordar esta variable y otros riesgos-, se ha elaborado una estrategia de promociones que permita, por un lado crear sólidas relaciones con los clientes y, por otro, lograr un expedito flujo de información con los consulados. De esta manera, se promoverá el conocimiento de la compañía entre potenciales nuevos clientes. Gracias a las características de la compañía, la que está orientada a la prestación de servicios, sumada a una moderada inversión inicial, se permitirá el desarrollo de este emprendimiento, sin necesidad de adquirir financiamiento externo, lo que trasciende en que el dominio o propiedad de Legal Advisor Chile permanecerá en su integridad en los socios fundadores.

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Epps, Susan Bramlett, und Steve Robinson. „Legal Self-Defense for the Academic Advisor“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2574.

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Epps, Susan Bramlett. „Legal Issues in Advising“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2581.

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4

Leith, P. „Legal knowledge engineering : computing, logic and law“. Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56914/.

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The general problem approached in this thesis is that of building computer based legal advisory programs (otherwise known as expert systems or Intelligent Knowledge Based Systems). Such computer systems should be able to provide an individual with advice about either the general legal area being investigated, or advice about how the individual should proceed in a given case. In part the thesis describes a program (the ELl program) which attempts to confront some of the problems inherent in the building of these systems. The ELl system is seen as an experimental program (currently handling welfare rights legislation) and development vehicle. It is not presented as a final commercially implementable program. We present a detailed criticism of the type of legal knowledge contained within the system. The second, though in part intertwined, major subject of the thesis describes the jurisprudential aspects of the attempt to model the law by logic, a conjunction which is seen to be at the heart of the computer/law problem. We suggest that the conjunction offers very little to those who are interested in the real application of the real law, and that this is most forcefully seen when a working computer system models that conjunction. Our conclusion is that neither logic nor rule-based methods are sufficient for handling legal knowledge. The novelty and import of this thesis is not simply that it presents a negative conclusion; rather that it offers a sound theoretical and pragmatic framework for understanding why these methods are insufficient - the limits to the field are, in fact, defined.

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Axelsson, Ivar, und Oscar Jonsson. „Rapporteringspliktiga inhemska arrangemang : - En analys utifrån proportionalitets och legalitetsprincipen“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Juridik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36256.

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Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera remissutfallet gällande inhemska arrangemang i SOU 2018:91 (Rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang – ett nytt regelverk på skatteområdet). Med utgångspunkt i de inhemska arrangemangen, kommer begreppen rådgivare, rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang och den i utredningen presenterade rapporteringsavgiften beskrivas och analyseras utifrån proportionalitets- och legalitetsprincipen, dvs. balans mellan mål och medel samt krav på lagstöd och förutsebarhet. Uppsatsen bygger på synpunkter från följande remissinstanser, Föreningen auktoriserade revisorer, Näringslivets skattedelegation, Skatteverket, SRF konsulterna, Sveriges advokatsamfund. Frågan om inhemska arrangemang har ännu inte lett till någon lagstiftning. Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på en rättsdogmatisk- och en rättsanalytisk metod. Slutsats: Vår slutsats är att de i utredningen föreslagna rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang, begreppen rådgivare och rapporteringsavgift inte är helt förenliga med proportionalitets- och legalitetsprincipen.
Purpose: The purpose of the work is to analyze the outcome of the investigation, SOU 2018: 91 (Rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang – ett nytt regelverk på skatteområdet) regarding domestic arrangements. Based on the domestic arrangements, the concepts of advisers, reportable arrangements and the reporting charge presented in the investigation will be described and analyzed based on the principles of proportionality and legality. The work is based on views from the following consultation bodies, the Association of Authorized Public Accountants, the Business Tax Delegation, the Swedish Tax Agency, the SRF consultants, the Swedish Bar Association. The issue of domestic arrangements has not yet led to any legislation. Method: The work is based on a legal dogmatic- and a legal analytical method. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that the reportable arrangements, the concepts of advisers and reporting charge, are contrary to the principles of proportionality and legality.

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Калякин, С. В., und S. V. Kalyakin. „Исследование эмоционального выгорания юристов различных специальностей : магистерская диссертация“. Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/100004.

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Объектом исследования явилось эмоциональное выгорание юристов различных специальностей. Предметом исследования стала различия в особенностях эмоционального выгорания юристов различных специальностей. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (75 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 78 страниц, на которых размещены 10 рисунков. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме понятия эмоционального выгорания в психической литературе. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию причин и факторов эмоционального выгорания, специфика труда юристов различных специальностей. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: тесту «Диагностика профессионального выгорания» К. Маслач, Тест-опросник «Определение уровня самооценки» С.В. Ковалев, «Диагностика уровня эмпатии» И.М. Юсупов. Также в главе представлен корреляционный и сравнительный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.
The object of the study was the emotional burnout of lawyers of various specialties. The subject of the study was the differences in the features of emotional burnout of lawyers of different specialties. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (75 sources) and an appendix, which includes forms of the applied methods. The volume of the master's thesis is 78 pages, on which 10 drawings are placed. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, defines the object and subject of the research, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the concept of emotional burnout in mental literature. The sections devoted to the study of the causes and factors of emotional burnout, the specifics of the work of lawyers of various specialties are presented. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of the theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the test "Diagnosis of professional burnout" K. Maslach, the test-questionnaire "Determination of the level of self-esteem" S. V. Kovalev, "Diagnosis of the level of empathy" I. M. Yusupov. The chapter also presents a correlation and comparative analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are summarized, the practical significance of the study is justified and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

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Bürgel, Sven. „ADONIS -- A Case Study of a Legal Advisory System Using Adaptive Programming“. Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200200818.

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Software evolution and maintenance have received great attention with the steadily increasing complexity of software systems. One recent approach in this field is adaptive programming, which focuses on the evolution of large class hierarchies. Its main objectives are to manage the change in evolutionary systems and to keep costs for adaptive maintenance low. In this thesis we present our experiences with the application of adaptive programming for modeling and implementing the legal advisory system ADONIS. Unlike most other information systems, ADONIS does not simply process data but regulations. Since regulations and laws are frequently a subject to change, we have chosen this domain as the basis for our practical research on adaptive programming
Die Evolution und Wartung von Software haben wegen der stetig wachsenden Komplexität von Softwaresystemen deutlich an Beachtung gewonnen. Ein aktueller Ansatz auf diesem Gebiet ist die adaptive Programmierung, welche sich auf die Evolution von großen Klassenhierarchien konzentriert. Ihre Hauptziele liegen darin, die wechselnden Anforderungen in evolutionären Systemen zu bewältigen und die Kosten für adaptive Wartung gering zu halten. In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir unsere Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung der adaptiven Programmierung zur Modellierung und Implementierung des rechtlichen Beratungssystemes ADONIS. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Informationssystemen verarbeitet ADONIS nicht einfach Daten, sondern Vorschriften. Aufgrunddessen, daß Vorschriften und Gesetze häufig geändert werden, haben wir diese Domäne als Grundlage für unsere praktischen Nachforschungen zum Thema adaptive Programmierung ausgewählt

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Bürgel, Sven. „ADONIS - a case study of a legal advisory system using adaptive programming“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10324771.

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Daskalopulu, Aspassia-Kaliopi. „Logic-based tools for the analysis and representation of legal contracts“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312171.

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Nuñez-Mietz, Fernando Gabriel. „Lawyering Compliance with International Law: Legal Advisors and the Legalization of International Politics“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1370528559.

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Burton, Marie. „Calling for justice : comparing telephone and face-to-face advice in social welfare legal aid“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3330/.

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This thesis considers the impact of the major shift to telephone-only services that took place in social welfare legal aid in April 2013. It asks whether changing the method of delivery of social welfare advice from face-to-face to telephone transforms the nature and quality of that advice in ways that are detrimental to the client. The lawyer-client relationship has been a major concern of work carried out previously by law and society scholars. Significantly, none of these commentators considered the impact of the telephone as a sole method of delivery. This research aims to contribute towards filling the gap in the current literature by carrying out an in-depth qualitative study which compares telephone and face-to-face advice in social welfare legal aid. On the basis of empirical data, gathered through interviews and observations involving lawyers, advisers and clients, the thesis identifies three main sets of problems associated with telephone advice. First, local knowledge, community networks and working relationships with opponents put face-to-face lawyers/advisers in a better position to take action on clients’ behalf. Second, the absence of inperson interaction can have a negative impact on the interpersonal elements of the relationship, which can affect clients' willingness to give full instructions. Third, the practical aspects of taking instructions and giving advice are adversely affected by telephone-only delivery, particularly as a result of the absence of non-verbal communication, and the difficulties associated with dealing with documents. The overall conclusion of this research is that some clients are able to overcome the potential barriers of telephone advice, but less capable clients and those with more complex problems are put at a significant disadvantage. In the contemporary situation of scarce resources, this research directly challenges the government rhetoric that changes to the delivery of legal aid target services at those most in need.

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Muetzel, James. „Exploring the Role of Federal Managers When Obtaining Legal Advice from Offices of the General Counsel“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50851.

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Managers in federal executive branch agencies administer public programs and policies in a complex legal environment. To assist managers, each agency has an organization that is responsible for providing them legal advice, typically called an "Office of the General Counsel" (OGC). Existing literature from public administration and administrative law has addressed, to varying degrees, what OGC lawyers do or ought to do, but has primarily focused on providing legal advice, not obtaining it. This discrete literature is disconnected from major streams in public administration. The purpose of this study was to update and extend the literature by exploring managers' and lawyers' perceptions of the role of managers as advisees of OGC. This study made managers the focal point of exploration and used concepts from organizational role theory to clarify the term "role" and highlight the structural and interactional elements of the manager's part in the manager-lawyer relationship. Four research questions guided this study by inquiring about the expectations managers and lawyers have regarding: (1) the organizational arrangement for obtaining legal advice; (2) decision making in the context of obtaining legal advice; (3) the closeness of their working relationship; and (4) being a "client" of OGC in the context of obtaining legal advice. Data were collected from in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 practitioners (14 managers; six lawyers). This study found that managers and lawyers preferred to remain separate from each other in the agency because of the expectation that managers obtain and lawyers provide objective legal advice. Regarding decision making, managers and lawyers expected managers to make decisions in the sense of seeking guidance from OGC rather than permission, being comfortable questioning legal advice, and choosing among options and alternatives; although, lawyers indicated some managers prefer not making decisions. The expectation of making decisions in the sense of choosing whether to follow legal advice remains contested among managers; among lawyers, they expect managers to consider legal advice and decide whether to follow it. Managers and lawyers expected to have a close working relationship marked by assistance with formulating legal questions and full disclosure of information. As for expectations associated with being a "client" of OGC, managers' and lawyers' expectations diverged on what being a "client" of OGC entails. Managers viewed themselves as clients, but associated the term "client" with customer service; lawyers, on the other hand, viewed managers as clients provided their interests are aligned with the agency's interests. Beyond exploring the role of managers when obtaining legal advice, this study's focus on the interaction between managers and lawyers within a federal agency suggests a way connecting public law more directly to public management, as well as extending insights from governance to activities inside an agency.
Ph. D.

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Qi, Jing. „Britain's drug-pushing activities in China : the two opium wars from the perspective of their lawyers and legal advisors“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192187.

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In this study, the first clashes between Western explorers and the Far East, as well as relations between Britain and China from the eve of the First Opium War (FOW) to the establishment of the British diplomatic residence in Beijing under the treaty regime, have been discussed from a legal point of view. This thesis provides a look at the circumstances of Britain’s encounter with China, their defeat of China through two Opium Wars and their use of unequal treaties to put China into a position of disadvantage. A study of British archives demonstrates the complexity of, and nuance in international law between China and the West from the 1830s to 1860. British national archives allow investigation of the legal perspective on the issues around the opium trade and the way in which it led to the FOW. The archives also shed light on the Second Opium War (SOW) and on the Western acquisition of privileges through the unequal treaties signed at the end of both wars. In its relations with China, Britain left behind the rules and practices which they recognised as the contemporary law of nations and instead, whenever the British financial and economic interest was affected, resorted to force. This paper’s purpose is to show the limitation, according to Chinese Confucian thought, of the self-perception of the Western conception of law and the justice. In fact, this thesis will also show how some British legal advisors and politicians took the side of China and how they argued that Britain had violated the principles of international law. They recognised that China was a sovereign nation and that international law applied in its relations with Britain. Thus this study uncovers aspects of history of international law in the 19th century neglected because of the later prospering of racial theories.

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Behardien, Nasreen. „A theory-driven evaluation of a legal advice and training programme at a women and children's centre in Cape Town“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10169.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This study was undertaken to articulate and evaluate the programme theory and implementation of the Legal Advice and Training (LAT) Programme, a publicly funded programme established in 2004 at the Saartjie Baartman Centre for Women and Children in Cape Town. This programme is a behavioural change programme aiming to increase the accessibility of legal services and justice to female victims of domestic violence.

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Schmidt, Rossana Bogorny Heinze. „Transversalizando práticas : trabalhando em uma assessoria jurídica universitária em direitos sexuais e gênero“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130521.

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O presente estudo analisa as estratégias de resistência em uma assessoria jurídica em direitos sexuais e de gênero. A análise é feita a partir das vivências no grupo G8-Generalizando do Serviço de Assessoria Jurídica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SAJU-UFRGS), tensionando as lógicas instituídas e buscando formas possíveis de operar para além dessas. A proposta metodológica para essa pesquisa foi a de pesquisa-intervenção e de intervenção fotográfica, utilizando-se de ferramentas da análise institucional tais como a construção de analisadores, a análise de implicação e o diário de campo. Partindo do pressuposto teórico foucaultiano de que vivemos em uma sociedade imersa em relações de poder, e compreendendo que a possibilidade de resistir está intrínseca a essas relações, buscamos nesse estudo visibilizar os momentos em que o grupo G8-Generalizando rompe com instituído em busca de práticas que transversalizem as formas de trabalhar. A imagem enquanto intervenção possibilitou provocar deslocamentos no grupo, funcionando como um dispositivo de tornar visível o invisível do visível. Assim, as imagens permitiram que os integrantes do grupo olhassem para as mais diversas fotografias produzidas ao longo dos anos de 2013 e 2014 e analisassem suas práticas. Dessa forma, colocamos em análise os momentos em que o grupo consegue transver, enquanto uma potência de criação e imaginação. Para esse percurso focaremos em três fluxos que oportunizaram pensar as estratégias de resistência dentro do grupo: a transdisciplinariedade, o acolhimento e a militância. Esses analisadores surgiram ao longo das reuniões que participei enquanto pesquisadora e da problematização através das inúmeras fotografias que habitavam o campo de intervenção. As estratégias de resistência aqui pensadas mostram uma forma de transformação nas práticas do G8-G.Essas transformações tornam-se possíveis por constantes tensionamentos que são postos quando o grupo opera para fora da lógica normativa, tendo em vista que o Direito, a Psicologia e outras tantas disciplinas não dão conta de serem efetivas no acolhimento de sujeitos que desviam da norma. Por fim, esse estudo oportuniza visibilizar outras formas de se trabalhar em direitos sexuais e de gênero dentro de uma assessoria jurídica universitária. Essas formas se encontram pautadas pela ética do cuidado de si e comprometidas com práticas de resistência que problematizam aquilo que desvia da lógica disciplinar e de controle instituída.
This study analyzes the strategies of resistance in a legal advisory group that works on sexual rights and gender. The analysis is made from the experiences in the G8-Generalizando group of Legal Advisory Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS-Saju), tensioning the established logic and seeking possible forms to operate beyond that. The methodology for this research was the research-intervention and photographic intervention, using institutional analysis tools such as the construction of analyzers, the implication analysis and the field diary. Starting from Foucault's theoretical assumption that we live in a society immersed in power relationships, and understanding that the ability to resist is intrinsic to these relationships, in this study we seek to visualize the times when the G8-Generalizando group breaks away with the established in search of practices that transversalize the ways of working. As intervention, the image allowed us to have displacements within the group, working as a device to make visible the invisible of the visible. Thus, the images allowed the members of the group to look at a variety of photographs produced over the years 2013 and 2014 and analyze their own practices. This way, we put under analysis the times when the group can transsee, as a power of creation and imagination. To this path we will focus on three flows that allowed us to think the strategies of resistance inside the group: the transdisciplinarity, the embracement and the militancy. These analyzers have emerged over the meetings I attended as a researcher and from the questioning through the several photographs that dwelt in the field of intervention. The strategies of resistance designed here show a form of transformation in the G8-G. These transformations become possible by constants tensioning that are set when the group operates to away of normative logic, given that the law, psychology and many other disciplines cannot be effective in the embracement of the ones who deviate from the norm. Finally, this study provides an opportunity to visualize other forms of working on sexual rights and gender within a university legal advisory. These forms are based on ethics of self-care and committed to practices of resistance that question what deviates from the disciplinary logic and established control.

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Korbel, Vladimír. „Webový start-up v kontextu klasického podnikatelského plánu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19104.

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This Master's thesis deals with the Internet start-up companies' topic, their lifecycle and possible application of the classical business plan theory. The aim of the thesis is to describe the lifecycle of an internet start-up company from its early plan-ning phase, market research, to its business strategy statement. The aim is to provide a brief tutorial on planning and realization of an internet project too. To give advices and provide experiences, which have been gained during writing the thesis. This work brings to the reader a confrontation of a classical business plan with the entire internet project. It also aims to certify viability of the particular internet start-up idea mainly thanks to a wide research on the public's and attorneys' side of the market. Practical part of the thesis brings up an idea of the particular internet start-up company "Free Advice" and its business model, market research on this project, public's and attorneys' interest, initial phase and the beginning of the realisation of the project. Goals were achieved through practical work on the first three phases of the business plan. The author's added value is mainly in application of theoretical premises of the business plan to the concrete business idea. This will allow other entrepreneurs to easily implement the business plan theory to an internet project in order to justify its meaningfulness. The achieved results can be used in order to realise this particular idea and to get necessary funds.

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Reynolds, Judith Theresa. „Multilingual and intercultural communication in and beyond the UK asylum process : a linguistic ethnographic case study of legal advice-giving across cultural and linguistic borders“. Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12758/.

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This thesis investigates how asylum applicants and refugees in the UK, and legal professionals, communicate multilingually and interculturally within legal advice meetings concerning the processes of applying for asylum and for refugee family reunion. The thesis addresses the important question of how English-speaking immigration legal advisors negotiate understanding with clients from a range of linguistic and cultural backgrounds in order to deliver crucial legal advice and support. Adopting a critical social constructionist perspective on language, culture, and communication, the thesis explores how a diverse range of linguistic, languacultural and discursive resources are employed to communicate within legal advice-giving. The thesis offers an in-depth analysis of legal-lay communication in the co-operative professional mediation setting of legal advice, contrasting with, and complementing, the existing literature on multilingual and intercultural communication in institutional gatekeeping contexts. The research takes a linguistic ethnographic case study approach, applying methodological perspectives on researching multilingually and theoretical perspectives from institutional ethnography. It combines ethnographic fieldwork within an advice service offering asylum and refugee legal advice with linguistic analysis of observations and audio recordings of advice meeting interactions. The linguistic analysis combines the micro-analytic tools of interactional sociolinguistics with a communicative activity type analysis of the discursive structuring of legal advice interactions, and a transcontextual analysis of the range of texts entering into the interaction. The thesis demonstrates how refugee and asylum legal advice interactions are contextually framed by legal institutional intertextual hierarchies, which constrain, but also provide resources for, the purposeful communication taking place. It also demonstrates how a flexibly applied communicative activity type structure functions as a discursive tool to support intercultural communication. The thesis contributes to the fields of intercultural communication studies and professional and legal communication studies, and responds to broader issues of language and social justice, and the linguistic accessibility of institutions.

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Pinho, Maria Gorete de oliveira Catunda. „A assessoria de anÃlise e cÃlculos judiciais e os fatores determinantes da economia no pagamento de precatÃrios do Estado do CearÃ“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6954.

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nÃo hÃ
Este trabalho aborda questÃes referentes Ã eficiÃncia do Estado do CearÃ relativas ao pagamento de precatÃrio. Destaca a criaÃÃo da Assessoria e AnÃlise de CÃlculos Judiciais-AACJ e sua contribuiÃÃo Ã economia do Estado do CearÃ no que se refere ao pagamento de demandas judiciais em face Ã Fazenda PÃblica. Apresenta os argumentos que ensejaram a criaÃÃo do grupo de trabalho, que posteriormente evoluiu para a referida Assessoria focando no objetivo principal: subsidiar a defesa dos Procuradores do Estado, no que concerne Ã elaboraÃÃo de CÃlculos para dirimir dÃvidas acerca dos valores devidos, tratando das demandas mais recorrentes quais sejam: Planos EconÃmicos, Piso Salarial, Paridade Salarial, RevisÃo de PensÃo, DesapropriaÃÃo, IndenizaÃÃo, RepetiÃÃo de IndÃbito, que inclui Extraclasse, Adicional de Imposto de Renda e CobranÃa indevida de PrevidÃncia. Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a importÃncia do trabalho da AACJ para a economia no pagamento de precatÃrios, sua contribuiÃÃo na reduÃÃo de valores cobrados nos diferentes processos, identificando e quantificando estas diferenÃas favorÃveis alcanÃadas pela Assessoria de CÃlculos, propiciando ao Estado transformar despesas de pagamentos de precatÃrios em investimento. Tendo, tambÃm, por objetivo divulgar o trabalho executado, atravÃs dos resultados alcanÃados, contribuindo como elemento eficaz, assegurando uma defesa justa e trazendo resultados favorÃveis ao Estado do CearÃ quando sucumbente nas aÃÃes judiciais. Analisa as decisÃes favorÃveis no perÃodo de 2007 â 2010. Considera um espaÃo amostral de 20% (vinte por cento) destes processos. A partir daÃ, utiliza mÃtodos estatÃsticos para consolidaÃÃo dos resultados e modelo economÃtrico para explicar e identificar a contribuiÃÃo dos fatores envolvidos na economia dos precatÃrios no Estado do CearÃ.
This work discusses issues related to the efficiency of the state of CearÃ, for the payment of precatory. Emphasizes the creation of the Advisory Judicial Calculations and Analysis-aacj and its contribution to the economy of CearÃ State in relation to pay in lawsuits against the Exchequer. Presents the arguments that have caused the creation of the working group which later evolved into such Consulting focusing on the main goal: to subsidize the defense of the State Attorney, concerning the preparation of calculations to dispel doubts about the amounts due, dealing with demands more applicants which are: Economic Plans, Floor Wage, Salary Parity, Review Board, Expropriation, Compensation, Misuse of Repetition, which includes extracurricular, Additional Income and unwarranted collection of Social Security. This paper aims to demonstrate the important work of saving aacj for judicially, its contribution in reducing the amounts charged in different processes, identifying and quantifying these favorable differences achieved by the Office of calculations, allowing the state to turn expenses payments writ on investment. Having also aimed at publicizing the work done through the results achieved, contributing as an effective, ensuring a proper defense and bringing positive results to the State of CearÃ sucumbente when the lawsuits. It analyzes the favorable decisions in the period 2007 to 2010. Considers a sample space of 20% (twenty percent) of these processes. From there, it uses statistical methods to consolidate the results and econometric model to explain and identify the contribution of the factors involved in the economy writ of the state of Ceara.

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Dias, Lucia Regina Ruduit. „A assessoria jurídica universitária em direitos de gênero como uma estética da amizade“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31797.

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O presente estudo analisa as práticas em assessoria jurídica universitária, problematizando a experiência d@s trabalhadoræs do grupo G8-Generalizando (G8-G) do Serviço de Assessoria Jurídica Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SAJU-UFRGS) que trabalha com direitos de gênero. O estudo investiga como a prática de assessoria jurídica universitária se coloca enquanto uma ética que potencializa a produção de uma estética de amizade entre @s trabalhadoræs do G8-G. A estratégia metodológica utilizada é a intervenção fotográfica, inserida no âmbito da psicologia social e da pesquisa-intervenção, tendo por base o acompanhamento do grupo e utilizando-se de ferramentas oriundas da Análise Institucional. A intervenção fotográfica possibilita a análise das dizibilidades e visibilidades presentes no G8-G utilizando-se das ferramentas de análise de implicação, diário de pesquisa, restituição e oficinas de fotografia. A intervenção fotográfica baseia-se no conceito de ato fotográfico onde não só as imagens são importantes, mas todo o processo envolvido no produzir, olhar, contemplar, pensar e lidar com as fotografias. As discussões provocadas pela intervenção, analisadas à luz das noções de sujeito, ética e estética em Michel Foucault e que embasam o conceito de estética da amizade, indicam o G8-G enquanto um coletivo em fluxo composto por movimentos produtores de subjetividade, sendo estes movimentos a assessoria, o gênero e as disciplinas. As experiências do G8-G se configuram como práticas de si onde um trabalho de si sobre si mesmo se coloca enquanto um trabalho ético que aponta na direção de uma estética da amizade que convoca outras maneiras de operar em assessoria jurídica universitária, através da horizontalização, descentralização, parceria, lidando com a complexidade e instabilidade na direção de uma singularização do trabalho e de uma composição da vida como uma obra de arte.
This study examines the practices in university legal counsel, questioning the experience of Generalizing Group-G8 (G8-G) workers of the Office of Legal Counsel of Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS-SAJU) working with gender rights. The study investigates how the practice of university legal counsel arises as an ethic that enhances the production of an aesthetic of friendship between G8-G workers. The methodological approach is photographic intervention, embedded within social psychology and research intervention, based on monitoring the group and using tools derived from the institutional analysis. The photographic intervention allows the analysis of what is utterable and visibilities present in G8-G using the tools of analysis of implication, research diary, restoration and photography workshops. The photographic intervention is based on the concept of the photographic act where not only the images are important, but the entire process involved in producing, looking, contemplating, thinking and dealing with the photographs. Discussions provoked by the intervention, analyzed in the light of the notions of self, ethics and aesthetics in Foucault and which embody the concept of aesthetics of friendship, indicate G8-G as a collective in flow composed of movements that produce subjectivity, being these movements advice, gender and disciplines. G8-G experiences are configured as a practice where a work by itself on itself stands as a work ethic that points towards an aesthetic of friendship that summons other ways to operate in university legal counsel, by flattening, decentralization, partnership, dealing with the complexity and instability towards a singularity of the paper and a composition of life as a work of art.

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Montalvo, Mandamiento Juan Carlos, und Rivera Cristian Yul Cortez. „Sistema de monitoreo y alertas de vencimiento de los plazos de las sentencias para entidades de asesoría jurídica mediante Api multiplataforma y notificaciones Push“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657543.

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En el presente proyecto de tesis se desarrolló una propuesta de software para la “Defensoría del Pueblo” que es un organismo autónomo encargado de defender los derechos fundamentales, supervisar los deberes de la administración estatal y la eficiencia en la prestación de servicios públicos a nivel nacional. En la actualidad, ante la coyuntura de la emergencia sanitaria y la cuarentena obligatoria gran parte de la atención a los ciudadanos se realiza de manera remota con asesoramiento a distancia, la organización se ha planteado aplicar la Transformación Digital en gran parte de sus procesos para facilitar la atención a los ciudadanos de manera automatizada y en tiempo real. Se ha detectado que existe la perdida de información de los plazos de las sentencias, la información de los casos se encuentra descentralizada y existe demora en las consultas en el sistema del Poder Judicial. Este proyecto optimiza el proceso de “Seguimientos de Procesos Jurídicos” automatizando las actividades para que sean eficientes, lo cual permite aumentar la atención de los casos dentro de los plazos mediante una solución web, repositorio de base de datos centralizada y la utilización de notificaciones push para alertar a los asesores de la emisión de sentencias. Con los prototipos presentados a la organización permitirá proyectarse en la navegación del sistema y de interfaz amigable e intuitiva, asimismo, las comunicaciones con sistemas externos se realizarán por medio de API de servicios; esto beneficiará a la organización y estará alineado al objetivo estratégico de “Modernización de la Gestión Institucional”.
In this thesis project, a software proposal was developed for the “Defensoría del Pueblo” which is an autonomous entity in charge of defending fundamental rights, supervising the state administration´s duties, and the efficiency in the provision of public services at the national level. Nowadays, given the situation of the health emergency and the mandatory quarantine, much part of the attention to citizens is carried out remotely with distance advice, the organization has considered applying Digital Transformation most part of its processes to facilitate the attention to the citizens in an automated way and real-time. It has been detected that there is an information loss on the terms of judgments, the information of cases is decentralized, and exists a delay of consultations in the Judicial Power system. This project optimizes the process of "Legal processes follow-up" automating activities to be efficient, which allows increasing the attention of cases within the deadlines through a web solution, centralized database repository, and the use of push notifications. to alert the assessors of judgments issuance. With the prototypes presented to the organization, it will allow to project itself in the navigation of the system and of a friendly and intuitive interface, also, communications with external systems will be carried out through API services; this will benefit the organization also it´ll be aligned with the strategic objective of "Modernization of Institutional Management".
Tesis

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Dohnálek, Pavel. „Profesní odpovědnost auditorů a daňových poradců“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360579.

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The primary objective of this diploma thesis, which focuses on the professional responsibility of auditors and tax advisors, is to provide a comprehensive view of this issue. The diploma thesis is divided into six parts. The first chapter describes general responsibility with an emphasis on professional responsibility. The second and third parts are devoted to the profession of auditors. The second chapter describes the profession of external and internal auditors in detail, and the third chapter deals with their professional responsibility, broken down into a moral and legal level of responsibility. The fourth and fifth chapters are devoted to the profession of tax consultancy, which is discussed in detail, followed by a part devoted to the professional responsibility of tax advisers. The last part of the thesis compares the professional responsibilities of the professions of auditors and tax advisors.

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Oliveira, Renata Ghisleni de. „Assistência-assessoria jurídica universitária e direitos da mulher : (trans)formações possíveis“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25864.

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Este estudo analisa a formação profissional na assistência e assessoria jurídica universitária que trabalha com direitos da mulher. A análise do estudo toma a experiência forjada pelo Grupo 8 - Generalizando (G8G) do Serviço de Assessoria Jurídica Universitária da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) para problematizar a formação profissional nesse contexto. A formação profissional é tomada como referência por ampliar e abarcar a formação acadêmica, uma vez que o grupo é composto por estudantes de Direito e de Psicologia, advogados, advogadas e psicólogas que trabalham voluntariamente no Serviço. A proposta metodológica utilizada nessa pesquisa contemplou as ferramentas da pesquisa-intervenção e a experimentação fotográfica, baseada nas estratégias da intervenção fotográfica. A fotografia colocou-se no processo de pesquisa, inserida em um longo acompanhamento junto ao grupo, e mostrou-se como disparadora do dispositivo da visibilidade, potencializando que os sujeitos da pesquisa falassem sobre suas experiências através de outra linguagem que não a jurídica. O momento das oficinas de fotografia com a produção de fotografias pelos sujeitos da pesquisa configurou-se em um espaço no qual questões referentes à formação profissional, enquanto experiência de si e trabalho de si sobre si mesmo, puderam ser explicitadas e, sobretudo, compartilhadas. Os efeitos desse estudo apontam para a elaboração de um trabalho ético, produzido por uma experiência de dobrar-se sobre si para produzir-se sujeito de sua própria conduta. Estas transformações tornaram-se possíveis na medida em que, ao trabalharem com direitos da mulher e com gênero, aqueles e aquelas que fazem parte do G8G foram convocados e convocadas a produzirem outros modos de fazer Direito, através das composições de assistência e assessoria e Direito e Psicologia, tensionando as noções de público-privado. As transformações possíveis passam pela construção do “afetar-se” como elemento da formação jurídica, tensionando as noções de neutralidade e de imparcialidade sustentadas pelo discurso jurídico. Dessa forma, este estudo possibilitou “dar a ver” outra formação jurídica que se forja com outros modos de fazer Direito e de fazer Psicologia no contexto da assistência e da assessoria jurídica universitária em direitos da mulher.
This study analyses the professional training in legal university assistance and advice that works with women rights. The study analysis uses the experience forged by Grupo 8-Generalizando (G8G) from the Serviço de Assessoria Jurídica Universitária da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) to discuss the professional training in this context. The professional training is taken as a reference because it expands and covers the academic training, since the group consists of Law and Psychology students, lawyers and psychologists who work voluntarily in the Service. The methodological proposal used in this research included the intervention-research and photography experimentation tools, based on the strategies from the photography intervention. The photography took part in the research process inserted in a long-term attendance with the group and it proved to be like a trigger of the visibility device, enhancing the research subjects to speak about their own experience through a non-legal language. The photography workshop moment with the photography output by the research subjects worked as a space in which issues related to professional training, while "self-experience" and "training of oneself", could be explained and, mostly, shared. The effects of this study point to the preparation of an "ethical work", reached by an experience of "double up on yourself" in order to produce oneself as a subject of his own conduct. These transformations were possible as, when working with women rights and with gender, those who take part of the G8G were convocated to produce other ways of understanding Law, through advice and assistance compositions of Law and Psychology, questioning the public-private notions. Among the possible transformations is included the construction of "affect yourself" as an element of the legal training, tensing the notions of neutrality and impartiality sustained by the legal speech. Thus this study enabled "the possibility to see" another legal training that is forged with other ways of understanding Law and Psychology in the context of legal university assistance and advice in women rights.

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Sow, Idrissa. „La protection de l’ordre juridique sous-régional par les Cours de justice : contribution à l’étude de la fonction judiciaire dans les organisations ouest-africaines d’intégration“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40029.

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Aux lendemains des indépendances, les Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest ont constitués entre eux des organisations d’intégration économique dans le but de favoriser leur développement économique et social.Ces organisations conçues pour la plupart à partir du modèle Européen dispose d’une personnalité juridique autonome et d’un corps de règles propres ayant vocation à s’insérer de façon uniforme dans l’ordre juridique interne des différents Etats membres. Le fonctionnement harmonieux de ce système suppose l’existence d’un organe indépendant chargé, entre autres, de veiller à l’équilibre général du dispositif et d’assurer une interprétation uniforme des normes communautaires.Dans le cadre de l’UEMOA comme de La CEDEAO, cette fonction de protection est exercée par des organes juridictionnels intégrés dont la mission principale consiste à veiller au respect du droit dans l’interprétation et dans l’application des Traités constitutifs.L’objectif visé, à travers cette contribution, est de faire observer que le dispositif de protection mis en place fonctionne, d’une part, par les mécanismes de coopération institués entre les cours de justice et les autres composantes du système communautaire et d’autre part par le contrôle juridictionnel exercé sur les organes communautaires et les Etats membres
After being freed from colonization, the West African States have set up commonly economic integration organizations to promote their economic and social development.The creation of the majority of those organizations is based on the European example and they have an independent legal personality and a body with specific rules in charge of integrating uniformly the internal legal environment of the different Member States.The harmonious functioning of the system requires, among others, the existence of an independent structure designed to take control of the general balance organization and achieve a uniform interpretation of the Community norms. Within the framework of the WAEMU as well as in the ECOWAS, this protective function is delegated to integrated judicial bodies whose main mission consists in making sure that a submission to the law related to the interpretation and compliance with Treaties is effective.The goal of such a contribution is to point out that the settled protection device is functioning, on the one hand, by the cooperation mechanisms introduced by justice courts and the other components of the Community system and, on the other hand, by the judicial control over the community structures and the Member States

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Maulet, Léa. „L'office de la Grande chambre de la Cour européenne des droits de l'Homme“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3061.

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Clef de voûte des négociations ayant conduit à l’adoption du Protocole n° 11 à la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme, la Grande chambre de la Cour européenne s’est vu attribuer des compétences contentieuse et consultative atypiques et étendues. Les réformes ultérieures ont contribué à étendre ses prérogatives, confirmant ainsi l’importance de son rôle au sein du système européen de protection. Cette thèse prend pour objet l’office de la Grande chambre dans sa double dimension, formelle et substantielle. À partir de matériaux juridiques classiques et de méthodes issues des sciences sociales, cette recherche montre qu’en dépit de conditions initialement défavorables, la Grande chambre est parvenue à redéfinir son office pour le mettre au service de la construction d’un droit commun européen. Elle s'est également rendue indispensable à la préservation du système de protection
As the cornerstone of the negotiations leading to the adoption of Protocol No. 11 to the European Convention on Human Rights, the Grand Chamber of the European Court was given atypical as well as extensive contentious and advisory powers. Subsequent reforms have helped to extend its prerogatives, thus confirming the importance of its role within the European protection system. This thesis focuses on the office of the Grand Chamber in its twofold dimension, formal and substantial. Based on traditional legal materials and methods from the social sciences, this research shows that, despite initially unfavourable conditions, the Grand Chamber has succeeded in redefining its office in order to put it at the service of the construction of a common European law. It has also made itself essential to the preservation of the protection system

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Poon, Kai Cho. „Corporate legal advisers of state-owned enterprises in the People's Republic of China: the developing watchdogs“. 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8525.

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This thesis critically assesses the design and operation of the corporate legal adviser (“CLA”) system for state-owned enterprises (“SOEs”) in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).
The study of in-house legal advisers (commonly known as corporate counsel) in Western jurisdictions has developed as its own subfield of studies of the legal profession. That literature shows that the roles that in-house legal advisers in Western corporations should and can play is heavily influenced by their corporate environments, corporate policies and attitudes of the corporate leaders with whom they work. There are a range of complex organizational and ethical issues faced by Western corporate counsel in discharging the functions of effective gatekeepers, advisers and preventive law practitioners. However, as compared with the abundant published works on corporate counsel in the era of post-Enron corporate America, there is little academic literature on in-house legal advisers in China.
In the face of the challenges and risks caused by the intensifying economic reforms in the PRC since the early 1990s, and China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, the PRC Government has been attempting to strengthen measures to preserve and protect those state assets that are managed and operated through SOEs. The supervisory body for SOEs is the powerful and well-known State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (“SASAC”) which is directly under the control of the State Council.
SASAC has perceived that corporate counsel in Western corporations have been playing a critical role in corporate risk management and decision-making, and have been accorded a high status within their organizations. Therefore one of the measures implemented by SASAC under its risk management framework for SOEs is the CLA system. The CLA system requires SOEs to engage licensed CLAs as part of the corporate governance and risk management system. Pursuant to the Administrative Measures for State-owned Enterprise Corporate Legal Advisers (2004) (the SASAC document governing the system), the role, rights and obligations of CLAs are set out. The policy objective is to ensure that SOEs are managed and operated in compliance with law and with proper legal advice.
SASAC leaders have claimed that the CLA system in SOEs has made great achievements in improving the risk management performance of SOEs. However, this thesis finds that SASAC has not properly addressed the ethical and role dilemmas commonly faced by Western corporate counsel. On the basis of the Western literature on corporate counsel and analysis of SASAC’s policies and the practice of SOEs, this thesis identifies the following key concerns with the CLA system of SOEs: the status and independence of CLAs, the qualification system for CLAs, the legal and professional regulation of CLAs, and the management structure and corporate culture of SOEs where CLAs work. Finally, the inherent problems caused by the power structure in SOEs, especially the role of senior cadres of the ruling Chinese Communist Party in SOEs, has not been resolved.
This thesis concludes that CLAs as corporate watchdogs in SOEs are still at the developmental stage. More empirical research of CLAs of SOEs is warranted to better understand how China, as an emerging world economic power, is to play on the international stage.

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KAO, HSIAO-RU, und 高筱茹. „A Study on the Legal Issues of Regulating Investment Advisers“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b9fjb5.

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碩士
輔仁大學
財經法律學系碩士班
106
The main businesses of the investment adviser are providing advisory service on the securities investment and information and judgement of investment and financial management. With the development of financial market, Securities Investment Trust and Consulting Act was established even though regulation of investment adviser had existed. However, it is insufficient to apply the regulation case by case with Securities Investment Trust and Consulting Act due to the change of financial environment and the innovation of financial products. Since regulation of our country is functional, the actor may subject to different regulation when the same behavior is applied. Therefore, it is necessary to review and improve the inadequacy of such unfair. With reference to foreign legislation, there was the provisions of the Investment Adviser Act in the U.S. There are does not have a strict standard for the actor in the the Investment Adviser Act of 1940, and the subject of the act is not limited to legal persons. The legislative model of the Investment Adviser Act is included several exclusions after widely define the investment advisers. In addition, in order to achieve the goal of financial market integration, the EU and Japan have separately formulated Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and Financial Instruments and Exchange Law to horizontally integrate financial products and services, and strengthen the investors protection. From the perspective of comparative law, the regulating of investment advisers is mostly functional. Even if there is no investment advisor act, it still operates with functional mode to integrating financial market and enhancing investor protection. To further clarify the scope and practice of the affiliate or related party in financial regulations, this study will research and analyze relevant laws and cases from Taiwan and foreign countries, hoping to provide some solid advice.

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Mochesane, Pontso Angelina. „The legal protection of clients against insurance advisors in Lesotho and South Africa / Pontso Angelina Mochesane“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15418.

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The protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors is very important. This is mainly because clients are not too knowledgeable about insurance products. This lack of knowledge makes vulnerable to exploitation by insurance advisors. It is the duty of the regulator of insurance to ensure adequate protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. However, this may not be easily attainable in a jurisdiction like Lesotho where there is only one regulator for all financial institutions, the Central Bank of Lesotho. This more so because insurance is very complex as there are different persons and contracts involved. The client has to firstly deal with insurance advisors or intermediaries before an actual contract of insurance comes into existence. In Lesotho the insurance sector is regulated by the Insurance Act 18 of 1976. Although there are systems in place regarding the regulation of the insurance industry, they are not adequate nor guarantee effective protection of the clients. These measures are mainly focused on the relationship between the Commissioner and the insurance advisors and not the relationship between the insurance advisors and the clients. The ineffectiveness of the current regulatory framework in Lesotho was exposed by the MKM situation in 2007 which showed that clients in Lesotho are to a very large extent left unprotected against insurance advisors. Even the proposed Insurance Bill of 2013 which was meant to address problems not addressed by the Insurance Act, does not offer any assistance as it contains no provisions on the protection of clients. The problem with the legal framework in Lesotho is that does not address the most important of protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. This is also due to the fact that there is only one regulator for all financial institutions and this places a very burdensome duty on the Central Bank of Lesotho. In order to find solutions to this problem, a comparative study based on literature was done between Lesotho and South Africa. This is because South Africa on the other hand is more advance. The current legal framework in South Africa ensures the protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. The non-banking institutions such as insurance advisors are regulated by the Financial Services Board. There are systems in place in South Africa regulating the conduct of insurance advisors towards clients. The Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act is one of the measures in place meant to ensure that those who render advice are fit and proper by requiring them, amongst others, to be in possession of relevant academic qualifications and operational ability to dispose of their duties in terms of the Act. This is different from the position in Lesotho where the only piece of legislation regulating the insurance advisors is the Insurance Act. Furthermore, by virtue of section 2B of the General Proclamation of 1884, the common law of South Africa is applicable in Lesotho so it is important to examine the changes that South Africa has made to it common law on which Lesotho mostly relies. The results show that the clients in Lesotho are to a very large extent left unprotected against insurance advisors as the current legal framework offers them no protection. The legal framework in South Africa on the other hand affords clients more protection. However, economic position of Lesotho it would not be ideal to take all measures applicable in South Africa and apply them to Lesotho as they are. Based on these findings recommendations made include that the Commissioner must engage in consumer education to ensure that clients know about their rights in dealings with insurance advisors. Another recommendation made is that the current legal framework be amended to include provisions relating to the protection of clients. It is also recommended that the Central Bank of Lesotho is well equipped to deal with matters relating to the protection of clients.
LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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Biron, Julie. „La responsabilité de l'intermédiaire de marché et la protection du petit investisseur : à la recherche d'un certain équilibre“. Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2357.

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Le recours à diverses stratégies d'investissement ainsi qu'aux services des intermédiaires de marché a pris, dans les dernières années, une place importante dans la planification financière de la retraite des Canadiens. Toutefois, une question demeure: les marchés financiers contemporains sont-ils adaptés aux petits investisseurs? Cette question, étant réapparue à plusieurs reprises au fil des ans, nous frappe avec d'autant plus d'acuité à la lumière de la dégringolade qu'ont subie les marchés boursiers depuis mars 2000. Pour répondre à cette question, un examen du contexte dans lequel évolue la relation établie entre l'intermédiaire de marché et l'investisseur s'avère nécessaire. Tout d'abord, la mise en place d'un système réglementaire technique visant à encadrer les activités des intermédiaires de marché, complétée par les règles adoptées par les organismes professionnels auxquels ces derniers appartiennent, viennent d'emblée imposer un modèle de conduite visant à maintenir la confiance des investisseurs dans le marché de valeurs. De même, l'adoption de cet ensemble de règles fait en sorte que le comportement adopté par les intermédiaires de marché corresponde le plus possible aux attentes des investisseurs. En outre, ces règles viennent, avec le nouveau Code civil, établir l'ensemble des obligations imposées aux parties dans leur relation. Il va sans dire que l'assujettissement à un certain nombre de devoirs et d'obligations amène inévitablement des litiges en matière de responsabilité civile. Toutefois, la formulation d'une demande devant les tribunaux judiciaires afin d'obtenir une compensation pour les pertes subies amène un lot important d'inconvénients (poids financier des procédures, délais, technicité du fardeau de preuve). Par ailleurs, ce constat pourra, dans certains cas, entraîner un questionnement sur l'étendue réelle de la protection des droits du public investisseur. Dans ce cadre, l'apparition dans les demières années de modes alternatifs de règlement de litiges propose une solution intéressante en permettant d'envisager une nouvelle forme de justice plus adaptée aux litiges consuméristes pouvant survenir dans le cadre de la relation entre l'investisseur et l'intermédiaire de marché.
In the past few years, use of various investment strategies and intermediary market services has occupied an important place in the Canadians' retirement financial planning. However, one question remains unanswered: Are contemporary financial markets adapted to small investors? Asked many times over the years, this question is ail the more striking in light of the upheaval that stock exchanges have suffered since March 2000. To answer this question, it is necessary to examine the context in which the relationship between market intermediaries and investors is established. The application of a technical regulatory system that gives structure to market intermediaries' activities and which is further completed by the rules of organizations that these professionals belong to readily imposes a model of conduct that aims to maintain investors' confidence in securities markets. Similarly, by adopting this set of rules, market intermediaries also adopt behavior that corresponds as much as possible to investors' expectations. Moreover, these rules, along with the new Code Civil, establish a set of obligations for parties in contact. It goes without saying that restraining certain duties and obligations inevitably causes legal disputes over civil responsibility. However, drafting a claim before the court to obtain compensation for losses suffered causes major inconvenience (financial burden of the proceedings, the delays and hold-ups, and the technicality of the duty to produce evidence). In certain cases, this finding can put into question how long the protection of public investors' rights actually last. In this context, the appearance in the last years of alternative means of settling litigation presents an interesting solution. It allows us to envision a new form of justice that is more adapted to consumer disputes and may very weil arise in the relationship between investors and market intermediaries.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise, option droit des affaires"

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WANG, CHAO-TING, und 王昭婷. „The Theory and Practice of Deferred Prosecution--The Advice for Legal Amendment of Deferred Prosecution“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33336152181221339662.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
98
When the deferred prosecution was first introduced to Taiwan, it caused a great disturbance. Since then, I have been wondering why the following two reasons which are mentioned in the statement of the deferred prosecution caused such a great controversy: 1. the purification of the source of the case; 2. the supplementary measures of the adoption of the modified adversary system. Following what is mentioned above, I furthermore feel confused about the two below: 1. whether the idea of the suit economy in the deferred prosecution is really a huge strike and challenge for the criminal law researchers; 2. whether the criminal laws can be only complied with the Schuldprinzip without any other alternatives. Surely Schuldprinzip and the principle of justice have their own undeniable value and status in criminal law. However, when the substantive criminal law meets the procedure law, there is a balance to strike between them. If those two diverged from each other, the rest theories of the noble criminal law would be nothing but some slogans. Hence, the reform in the procedure law must conceal some compromises of the substantive law. Such a conclusion may not be appropriate and can be a difficult issue. Not to mention the difficulty when trying to strike a balance in between. Thus, I’d like to examine closely the possible effects and consequences that the deferred prosecution system may bring about. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the deferred prosecution system in details. Therefore, this thesis includes both theory and practice, especially the status and the result in practical operation. Besides the introduction of the law in other conturies and the statement of the domestic theory and law, the theory and practice will both be given, and the latter will be more emphasized. By analyzing different cases, this thesis is expected to reveal whether the deferred prosecution is good or bad in the real world. Each case that will be presented in this thesis is factual. Through reviewing the cases, it should be more beneficial than through merely talking over the theories. In the view of practice, hopefully, this thesis by the end will be able to offer the appropriate direction of mapping out the perfect deferred prosecution system in the future.

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Oberholzer, Cornelius Christiaan. „Legal aspects of the regulation of mergers and acquisitions“. Diss., 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15684.

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One of the objectives of the Securities Regulation Code on Takeovers and Mergers ("the Code") was to achieve neutrality of treatment of minority shareholders in takeover situations irrespective of the method employed to effect the takeover. This objective has not yet been achieved despite the inclusion of Rule 29 in the Code. Different levels of minority protection apply depending on the method used to effect a takeover. Asset takeovers are also excluded from the ambit of the Code. It is suggested that capital reductions and security conversions be prohibited to effect a takeover unless the Code is applicable to the transaction. The scheme of arrangement procedure, with certain suggested amendments, should be retained as a takeover method. It is further suggested that section 228 of the Companies Act be amended to ensure greater minority shareholder protection but that asset takeovers not be included within the ambit of the Code at this stage.
Private Law
LL.M.

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Afonso, Carlos José de Aguiar Moniz. „A sexta alteração à diretiva de troca de informações : a comunicação obrigatória de esquemas de planeamento fiscal e o seu impacto nos direitos fundamentais“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30371.

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A nossa dissertação versa sobre a sexta alteração à Diretiva de Troca de Informações. Tal alteração tem na sua base a Ação 12 do BEPS, através da qual a OCDE propõe um novo paradigma de relacionamento entre administrações fiscais e contribuintes marcado por uma grande transparência. Após um exame do respetivo regime, a dissertação centrar-se-á na análise do impacto do mesmo nos direitos fundamentais das pessoas obrigadas à comunicação, nomeadamente no que concerne à certeza jurídica, ao direito ao aconselhamento jurídico e ao direito à não autoincriminação. Em nossa opinião, e do ponto de vista de um juízo de concordância prática, o fim da tutela do sistema fiscal deverá prevalecer diante pontuais e ultrapassáveis défices de certeza jurídica. Deve também preponderar sobre o dever de sigilo profissional, exceto quando tal obste ao direito de defesa. Terá necessariamente de ceder perante o direito à não autoincriminação, já que a sua proteção deve ser absoluta. Por fim, a dissertação concluirá com uma análise do anteprojeto que visa transpor a Diretiva, propondo ao legislador português algumas medidas a adotar aquando da sua implementação.
Our thesis discusses the sixth amendment to the Administrative Cooperation Directive. Such amendment is based on BEPS Action 12, in which the OECD proposes new relationship model between tax administrations and taxpayers characterized by increased transparency. After reviewing the regime, the dissertation will be focused on the admendment´s impact on the fundamental rights of the people obliged to mandatory disclosure rules, in particular, in what concerns to legal certainty, the right to legal advice and the privilege against self-incrimination. In our view, and based on a balancing exercise, the safeguard of the tax systems should prevail over ocasional deficits of legal certanty. It should also prevail over professional secrecy, except in what concerns the right to defense. It shall necessarily be adjusted in what concerns the need to fulfil the right not to self-incriminate oneself, since its protection must be comprehensive. We conclude with an analysis of the preliminary draft that intends to transpose the Directive, proposing a number of measures to be taken by the portuguese lawmaker.

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Cardoso, Ana Carolina Veloso Gomes. „Mediação e Celeridade Processual“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81100.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
The reduction of processual disputes, with the corresponding increase of processual celerity, has been constituting a European challenge in the last decades. In this work, we analyse mediation as an alternative way for the resolution of lawsuits in order to restore social peace and also analyse the reasons for the little use of mediation in Portugal. Moreover, we examine in a critical way the judicial conciliation and the dangers resulting from the active role that the law attributes to the judge of the process in the conciliation attempt, to conclude that judges should not have the conciliatory function the Portuguese current law attributes to them. We finish with a set of concrete proposals, whose legal implementation we defend, that will achieve a reduction of the processual delays through the dinamisation of the mediation procedures, introducing pre-court mediation and judicial mediation, where lawyers should be responsible for its spread and acceptance: an effective use of art. 273º, nº 1, Civil Procedure Code; necessity, de jure constituendo, in those cases, the parts initiate a mediation procedure; previous exchange information between lawyers and mediation, de jure constituendo; court fees and other fiscal facilities; and, de jure constituendo, the creation of a new legal advisers inside lower courts, as a novel pre-judicial mediation model.The aforementioned proposals also aim to change the classic social and judicial culture, through the introduction of mediation in the heart of the courts, being practised by a new professional group: mediator jurists, who will also be advisers of the judges.
A redução das pendências processuais, com o correspondente aumento da celeridade processual, tem constituído um desafio europeu nas últimas décadas. Neste trabalho, abordamos a mediação, como um meio alternativo para a resolução dos litígios que consegue repor a paz social, e as razões para a sua pouca utilização em Portugal. Analisamos de forma crítica a conciliação judicial, e os perigos decorrentes do papel ativo que a lei atribui ao juiz do processo na tentativa de conciliação, para concluirmos que o juiz não deve assumir a função de conciliador que a lei em vigor lhe atribui. Terminamos com um conjunto de propostas concretas, cuja consagração legal defendemos, que permitirão um aumento da celeridade processual através da dinamização da mediação, introduzindo-a nas fases pré-judicial e judicial, e responsabilizando os profissionais forenses pela sua divulgação e aceitação. A saber: aplicação efetiva do art. 273º, n.º 1, do CPC; obrigatoriedade, de jure constituendo, nesses casos, de as partes iniciarem o procedimento de mediação; imposição, de jure constituendo, do dever de informação aos advogados; troca prévia de informação entre advogados e mediação, de jure constituendo; custas judiciais e outros incentivos fiscais; e a criação, de jure constituendo, de uma nova assessoria nos tribunais de 1ª instância, como um novo paradigma de mediação pré-judicial.As propostas efetuadas visam ainda alterar a clássica cultura social e judiciária, sendo essencial a introdução da mediação no seio dos tribunais, a ser exercida por um grupo profissional novo: juristas mediadores, que serão ainda assessores dos juízes.

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Gamieldien, Mogamad Faaik. „An annotated translation of the manuscript Irshad Al-MuqallidinʾInda Ikhtilaf Al-Mujtahidin (Advice to the laity when the juristconsults differ) by Abu Muhammad Al-Shaykh Sidiya Baba Ibn Al-Shaykh Al-Shinqiti Al-Itisha- I (D. 1921/1342) and a synopsis and commentary of its dominant themes“. Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25753.

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Text in English and Arabic
In pre-colonial Africa, the Southwestern Sahara which includes Mauritania, Mali and Senegal belonged to what was then referred to as the Sudan and extended from the Atlantic seaboard to the Red Sea. The advent of Islam and the Arabic language to West Africa in the 11th century heralded an intellectual marathon whose literary output still fascinates us today. At a time when Europe was emerging from the dark ages and Africa was for most Europeans a terra incognita, indigenous African scholars were composing treatises as diverse as mathematics, agriculture and the Islamic sciences. A twentieth century Mauritanian, Arabic monograph, Irshād al- Muqallidīn ʿinda ikhtilāf al-Mujtahidīn1, written circa 1910/1332, by a yet unknown Mauritanian jurist of the Mālikī School, Bāba bin al-Shaykh Sīdī al- Shinqīṭī al-Ntishā-ī (d.1920/1342), a member of the muchacclaimed Shinqīṭī fraternity of scholars, is a fine example of African literary accomplishment. This manuscript hereinafter referred to as the Irshād, is written within the legal framework of Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh). A science that relies for the most part on the intellectual and interpretive competence of the independent jurist, or mujtahid, in the application of the methodologies employed in the extraction of legal norms from the primary sources of the sharīʿah. The subject matter of the Irshād deals with the question of juristic differences. Juristic differences invariably arise when a mujtahid exercises his academic freedom to clarify or resolve conundrums in the law and to postulate legal norms. Other independent jurists (mujtahidūn) may posit different legal norms because of the exercise of their individual interpretive skills. These differences, when they are deemed juristically irreconcilable, are called ikhtilāfāt (pl. of ikhtilāf). The author of the Irshād explores a corollary of the ikhtilāf narrative and posits the hypothesis that there ought not to be ikhtilāf in the sharīʿah. The proposed research will comprise an annotated translation of the monograph followed by a synopsis and commentary on its dominant themes.
Religious Studies and Arabic
D. Litt. et Phil. (Islamic Studies)

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Swart, Rene Louise. „Fiduciary responsibility and responsible investment : definition, interpretation and implications for the key role players in the pension fund investment chain“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6220.

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Since their creation in Europe in the seventeenth century, pension funds have grown to become one of the main sources of capital in the world. A number of role players ultimately manage the pension money of members on their behalf. Accordingly, the focus of this study is on the role players involved in the actual investment of pension fund money. For the purposes of the study, the key role players in the pension fund investment chain are identified as pension fund trustees, asset managers and asset consultants. These role players have a specific responsibility in terms of the service that they ought to provide. One of the key aspects of this dissertation is therefore determining whether their responsibility is a fiduciary responsibility. The main purpose of the study is, however, to answer one overarching research question: Does fiduciary responsibility create barriers to the implementation of responsible investment in the South African pension fund investment chain? Clearly, there are two key terms in this research question, fiduciary responsibility and responsible investment. It is suggested that responsible investment takes at least two forms: a “business case” form1 in which environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues are considered only in so far as they are financially material; and a social form in which ESG issues are considered over maximising risk adjusted financial returns. Three key questions were asked in order to find qualitative descriptions and interpretations of fiduciary responsibility: Question 1: Are the key role players in the pension fund investment chain fiduciaries? Question 2: If so, to whom do the key role players owe their fiduciary duty? Question 3: What are the fiduciary duties of the key role players in the pension fund investment chain? It is also suggested that the duty to act in the best interests of beneficiaries could be described as the all-encompassing fiduciary duty. Two main interpretations of the
Private Law
(LL.M.(Private Law))

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