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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Learned sketches“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Learned sketches"
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Zhu, Guangming, Siyuan Wang, Tianci Wu, and Liang Zhang. "Enhance Sketch Recognition’s Explainability via Semantic Component-Level Parsing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 7 (2024): 7731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i7.28607.
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Free-hand sketches are appealing for humans as a universal tool to depict the visual world. Humans can recognize varied sketches of a category easily by identifying the concurrence and layout of the intrinsic semantic components of the category, since humans draw free-hand sketches based a common consensus that which types of semantic components constitute each sketch category. For example, an airplane should at least have a fuselage and wings. Based on this analysis, a semantic component-level memory module is constructed and embedded in the proposed structured sketch recognition network in this paper. The memory keys representing semantic components of each sketch category can be self-learned and enhance the recognition network's explainability. Our proposed networks can deal with different situations of sketch recognition, i.e., with or without semantic components labels of strokes. Experiments on the SPG and SketchIME datasets demonstrate the memory module's flexibility and the recognition network's explainability. The code and data are available at https://github.com/GuangmingZhu/SketchESC.
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Liu, Chenxi, Toshiki Aoki, Mikhail Bessmeltsev, and Alla Sheffer. "StripMaker: Perception-driven Learned Vector Sketch Consolidation." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 4 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592130.
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Artist sketches often use multiple overdrawn strokes to depict a single intended curve. Humans effortlessly mentally consolidate such sketches by detecting groups of overdrawn strokes and replacing them with the corresponding intended curves. While this mental process is near instantaneous, manually annotating or retracing sketches to communicate this intended mental image is highly time consuming; yet most sketch applications are not designed to handle overdrawing and can only operate on overdrawing-free, consolidated sketches. We propose StripMaker , a new and robust learning based method for automatic consolidation of raw vector sketches. We avoid the need for an unsustainably large manually annotated learning corpus by leveraging observations about artist workflow and perceptual cues viewers employ when mentally consolidating sketches. We train two perception-aware classifiers that assess the likelihood that a pair of stroke groups jointly depicts the same intended curve: our first classifier is purely local and only accounts for the properties of the evaluated strokes; our second classifier incorporates global context and is designed to operate on approximately consolidated sketches. We embed these classifiers within a consolidation framework that leverages artist workflow: we first process strokes in the order they were drawn and use our local classifier to arrive at an approximate consolidation output, then use the contextual classifier to refine this output and finalize the consolidated result. We validate StripMaker by comparing its results to manual consolidation outputs and algorithmic alternatives. StripMaker achieves comparable performance to manual consolidation. In a comparative study participants preferred our results by a 53% margin over those of the closest algorithmic alternative (67% versus 14%, other/neither 19%).
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Bai, Jing, Mengjie Wang, and Dexin Kong. "Deep Common Semantic Space Embedding for Sketch-Based 3D Model Retrieval." Entropy 21, no. 4 (2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040369.
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Sketch-based 3D model retrieval has become an important research topic in many applications, such as computer graphics and computer-aided design. Although sketches and 3D models have huge interdomain visual perception discrepancies, and sketches of the same object have remarkable intradomain visual perception diversity, the 3D models and sketches of the same class share common semantic content. Motivated by these findings, we propose a novel approach for sketch-based 3D model retrieval by constructing a deep common semantic space embedding using triplet network. First, a common data space is constructed by representing every 3D model as a group of views. Second, a common modality space is generated by translating views to sketches according to cross entropy evaluation. Third, a common semantic space embedding for two domains is learned based on a triplet network. Finally, based on the learned features of sketches and 3D models, four kinds of distance metrics between sketches and 3D models are designed, and sketch-based 3D model retrieval results are achieved. The experimental results using the Shape Retrieval Contest (SHREC) 2013 and SHREC 2014 datasets reveal the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art methods.
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Zhang, Meifan, Hongzhi Wang, Jianzhong Li, and Hong Gao. "Learned sketches for frequency estimation." Information Sciences 507 (January 2020): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.08.045.
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Medeiros, Leandro C., David S. Aleixo, and Levi H. S. Lelis. "What Can We Learn Even from the Weakest? Learning Sketches for Programmatic Strategies." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 7 (2022): 7761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20744.
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In this paper we show that behavioral cloning can be used to learn effective sketches of programmatic strategies. We show that even the sketches learned by cloning the behavior of weak players can help the synthesis of programmatic strategies. This is because even weak players can provide helpful information, e.g., that a player must choose an action in their turn of the game. If behavioral cloning is not employed, the synthesizer needs to learn even the most basic information by playing the game, which can be computationally expensive. We demonstrate empirically the advantages of our sketch-learning approach with simulated annealing and UCT synthesizers. We evaluate our synthesizers in the games of Can't Stop and MicroRTS. The sketch-based synthesizers are able to learn stronger programmatic strategies than their original counterparts. Our synthesizers generate strategies of Can't Stop that defeat a traditional programmatic strategy for the game. They also synthesize strategies that defeat the best performing method from the latest MicroRTS competition.
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Zhao, Honggang, Mingyue Liu, and Mingyong Li. "Feature Fusion and Metric Learning Network for Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval." Entropy 25, no. 3 (2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030502.
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Zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval (ZS-SBIR) is an important computer vision problem. The image category in the test phase is a new category that was not visible in the training stage. Because sketches are extremely abstract, the commonly used backbone networks (such as VGG-16 and ResNet-50) cannot handle both sketches and photos. Semantic similarities between the same features in photos and sketches are difficult to reflect in deep models without textual assistance. To solve this problem, we propose a novel and effective feature embedding model called Attention Map Feature Fusion (AMFF). The AMFF model combines the excellent feature extraction capability of the ResNet-50 network with the excellent representation ability of the attention network. By processing the residuals of the ResNet-50 network, the attention map is finally obtained without introducing external semantic knowledge. Most previous approaches treat the ZS-SBIR problem as a classification problem, which ignores the huge domain gap between sketches and photos. This paper proposes an effective method to optimize the entire network, called domain-aware triplets (DAT). Domain feature discrimination and semantic feature embedding can be learned through DAT. In this paper, we also use the classification loss function to stabilize the training process to avoid getting trapped in a local optimum. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method shows a superior performance. For example, on the Tu-berlin dataset, we achieved 61.2 + 1.2% Prec200. On the Sketchy_c100 dataset, we achieved 62.3 + 3.3% mAPall and 75.5 + 1.5% Prec100.
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Miano, Sebastiano, Xiaoqi Chen, Ran Ben Basat, and Gianni Antichi. "Fast In-kernel Traffic Sketching in eBPF." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 53, no. 1 (2023): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3594255.3594256.
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The extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) is an infrastructure that allows to dynamically load and run micro-programs directly in the Linux kernel without recompiling it. In this work, we study how to develop high-performance network measurements in eBPF. We take sketches as case-study, given their ability to support a wide-range of tasks while providing low-memory footprint and accuracy guarantees. We implemented NitroSketch, the state-of-the-art sketch for user-space networking and show that best practices in user-space networking cannot be directly applied to eBPF, because of its different performance characteristics. By applying our lesson learned we improve its performance by 40% compared to a naive implementation.
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Paulson, Brandon, and Tracy Hammond. "MARQS: retrieving sketches learned from a single example using a dual-classifier." Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 2, no. 1 (2008): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12193-008-0006-0.
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Friedman, Scott, and Kenneth Forbus. "An Integrated Systems Approach to Explanation-Based Conceptual Change." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (2010): 1523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7572.
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Understanding conceptual change is an important problem in modeling human cognition and in making integrated AI systems that can learn autonomously. This paper describes a model of explanation-based conceptual change, integrating sketch understanding, analogical processing, qualitative models, truth-maintenance, and heuristic-based reasoning within the Companions cognitive architecture. Sketch understanding is used to automatically encode stimuli in the form of comic strips. Qualitative models and conceptual quantities are constructed for new phenomena via analogical reasoning and heuristics. Truth-maintenance is used to integrate conceptual and episodic knowledge into explanations, and heuristics are used to modify existing conceptual knowledge in order to produce better explanations. We simulate the learning and revision of the concept of force, testing the concepts learned via a questionnaire of sketches given to students, showing that our model follows a similar learning trajectory.
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Xu, Rui, Zongyan Han, Le Hui, Jianjun Qian, and Jin Xie. "Domain Disentangled Generative Adversarial Network for Zero-Shot Sketch-Based 3D Shape Retrieval." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 3 (2022): 2902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i3.20195.
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Sketch-based 3D shape retrieval is a challenging task due to the large domain discrepancy between sketches and 3D shapes. Since existing methods are trained and evaluated on the same categories, they cannot effectively recognize the categories that have not been used during training. In this paper, we propose a novel domain disentangled generative adversarial network (DD-GAN) for zero-shot sketch-based 3D retrieval, which can retrieve the unseen categories that are not accessed during training. Specifically, we first generate domain-invariant features and domain-specific features by disentangling the learned features of sketches and 3D shapes, where the domain-invariant features are used to align with the corresponding word embeddings. Then, we develop a generative adversarial network that combines the domain-specific features of the seen categories with the aligned domain-invariant features to synthesize samples, where the synthesized samples of the unseen categories are generated by using the corresponding word embeddings. Finally, we use the synthesized samples of the unseen categories combined with the real samples of the seen categories to train the network for retrieval, so that the unseen categories can be recognized. In order to reduce the domain shift problem, we utilize unlabeled unseen samples to enhance the discrimination ability of the discriminator. With the discriminator distinguishing the generated samples from the unlabeled unseen samples, the generator can generate more realistic unseen samples. Extensive experiments on the SHREC'13 and SHREC'14 datasets show that our method significantly improves the retrieval performance of the unseen categories.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Learned sketches"
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Azorin, Raphael. "Traffic representations for network measurements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS141.
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Mesurer l'activité d'un réseau de télécommunications est essentiel à son opération et sa gestion. Ces mesures sont primordiales pour analyser la performance du réseau et établir son diagnostic. En particulier, effectuer des mesures détaillées sur les flux consiste à calculer des métriques caractérisant les flots de données individuels qui traversent le réseau. Afin de développer des représentations pertinentes de leur trafic, les opérateurs réseau doivent en sélectionner les caractéristiques appropriées et doivent attentivement relier leur coût d'extraction à leur expressivité pour les tâches considérées. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de nouvelles méthodologies pour extraire des représentations pertinentes du trafic. Particulièrement, nous postulons que l'apprentissage automatique (Machine Learning) peut améliorer les systèmes de mesures, grâce à sa capacité à apprendre des motifs adéquats issus des données, ce afin de fournir des prédictions sur des caractéristiques du trafic.La première contribution de cette thèse est un cadre de développement permettant aux systèmes de mesures basés sur des sketches d'exploiter la nature biaisée du trafic réseau. Spécifiquement, nous proposons une nouvelle représentation de ces structures de données, qui tire profit de de la sous-utilisation des sketches, réduisant ainsi l'empreinte mémoire des mesures par flux en n'enregistrant que les compteurs utiles. La deuxième contribution est un système de surveillance réseau assisté par un modèle d'apprentissage automatique, en intégrant un classificateur de trafic. En particulier, nous isolons les flux les plus larges dans le plan de données (data plane), avant de les traiter séparément avec des structures de données dédiées pour différents cas d'usage. Les dernières contributions de cette thèse abordent la conception d'un pipeline d'apprentissage profond (Deep Learning) pour les mesures de réseau, afin d'extraire de riches représentations des données de trafic permettant l'analyse du réseau. Nous puisons dans les récentes avancées en modélisation de séquences afin d'apprendre ces représentations depuis des données de trafic catégorielles et numériques. Ces représentations alimentent la résolution de tâches complexes telles que la réconciliation de données issues d'un flux de clics enregistré par un fournisseur d'accès à internet, ou la prédiction du mouvement d'un terminal dans un réseau Wi-Fi. Enfin, nous présentons une étude empirique des affinités entre tâches candidates à l'apprentissage multitâches, afin d'évaluer lorsque deux tâches bénéficieraient d'un apprentissage conjoint<br>Measurements are essential to operate and manage computer networks, as they are critical to analyze performance and establish diagnosis. In particular, per-flow monitoring consists in computing metrics that characterize the individual data streams traversing the network. To develop relevant traffic representations, operators need to select suitable flow characteristics and carefully relate their cost of extraction with their expressiveness for the downstream tasks considered. In this thesis, we propose novel methodologies to extract appropriate traffic representations. In particular, we posit that Machine Learning can enhance measurement systems, thanks to its ability to learn patterns from data, in order to provide predictions of pertinent traffic characteristics.The first contribution of this thesis is a framework for sketch-based measurements systems to exploit the skewed nature of network traffic. Specifically, we propose a novel data structure representation that leverages sketches' under-utilization, reducing per-flow measurements memory footprint by storing only relevant counters. The second contribution is a Machine Learning-assisted monitoring system that integrates a lightweight traffic classifier. In particular, we segregate large and small flows in the data plane, before processing them separately with dedicated data structures for various use cases. The last contributions address the design of a unified Deep Learning measurement pipeline that extracts rich representations from traffic data for network analysis. We first draw from recent advances in sequence modeling to learn representations from both numerical and categorical traffic data. These representations serve as input to solve complex networking tasks such as clickstream identification and mobile terminal movement prediction in WLAN. Finally, we present an empirical study of task affinity to assess when two tasks would benefit from being learned together
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Diego, Jonathan P. San. "The effect on learners' strategies of varying computer-based representations : evidence from gazes, actions, utterances and sketches." Thesis, Open University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505441.
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Computer-based Multiple External Representations (MERs) have been found in some cases to help and in others to hinder the learning process. This thesis examines how varying the external representations that are presented in a computer environment influences the strategies that learners choose when tackling mathematics tasks. It has been noted (Ainsworth, 2006) that learners fail to transfer insights from one representation to another. Previous work analysing video data of learners' problem-solving with computerbased MERs emphasises the need to identify which representation is being considered by a learner as utterances are made, and to examine more closely learners' movement between representations. This research focuses on the relationship between strategy and representation during learners' problem solving. A set of analytical techniques was developed to characterise learner strategies, to identify how different computer-based MERs influence strategy choices, and to explore how these choices change over the course of task completion. Rich data were collected using a variety of technologies: learners' shifts in attention were recorded using an unobtrusive eye-tracking device and screen capture software; keyboard and mouse actions were logged automatically; utterances and gestures were video recorded; notes and sketches were recorded in real-time using a Tablet PC. This research suggests how integrated analysis of learners' gazes, actions, writing, sketches and utterances can better illuminate subtle cognitive. strategies. The study involved completion of three tasks by eighteen participants using multiple mathematical representations (numbers, graphs and algebra) presented in different computer-based 'instantiations': Static (non-moving, non-changing, non-Interactive); Dynamic (capable of animation following keyboard inputs); Interactive (directly manipulable using a mouse). Having computer-based MERs available to learners provides an opportunity to use representations with which they are comfortable. A detailed analysis showed that both representation and instantiation have an impact on strategy choice. It identified differences in expression of inferences, construction of visual images, and attention to representations between different types of instantiation. One of the important findings of the research is that learners are less likely to use imagining strategies when representational instantiation is Interactive. These results may provide some explanation . of how interactivity helps or hinders learners' understanding of multiple representations.
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Sinclair, Margaret. "Supporting student efforts to learn with understanding, an investigation of the use of JavaSketchpad sketches in the secondary geometry classroom." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63633.pdf.
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Rice, Susan Janis. "Sketching to learn, learning to sketch: students' ways of sketching in architectural designing." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8148.
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Architects when sketching take time to pause, to look, to sketch, to look and sketch again. Described by some as the passing of an idea, a place or an experience from eye to mind to hand, the act of sketching is a means by which architects come to see and to understand the unfolding outcomes of their designing and make sense of aspects of the world. For many practitioners, scholars and eminent architects, sketching is fundamental to their architectural disposition and an integral part of thinking in an architectural way. To become architects, students need to learn this kind of sketching and few students in the early years of their studies are able to sketch in this way. Experience in teaching reveals architecture students are able to produce sketches, yet many struggle to grasp how to use their sketching as an integral part of their thinking and of progressing their designing. Far too rarely is using sketching an explicit focus of teaching and learning in the design studio. This research is directed towards understanding the different ways students are sketching when designing, on the basis that understanding these ways provides a useful and appropriate basis upon which to found improvements in teaching and learning about sketching in the design studio. Synergies between architectural sketching, visual thinking and how students learn, give rise to an investigation into the ways students are sketching, its approach, the form and collection of the data, the tools of analysis and means of interpretation founded on what is shared. The phenomenographic perspective on teaching and learning (Marton and Booth 1997) provides a means to analyse students' sketching, its iterative and interwoven cycles of considering, discovering and reinterpreting, suited to making sense of and seeing below the surface of the loose, searching and at times unclear design sketching. The analysis findings identify and describe differences in what and how students are sketching and are synthesized into a visual framework of 'palettes', describing three different and increasingly complex ways students are sketching. Using the descriptive framework in the studio offers students and teachers, through the understanding it depicts and the language it provides, opportunity to see, to make sense of, to compare, to complement, to improve and to discuss their own sketching and the sketching of others, and in so doing provides a means by which to help bring sketching into being an explicit focus of the day to day exchanges which lie at the core of learning in the design studio. Consideration is given to how teaching and learning in the studio might change were sketching to take this focus.
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Li, Ming-sheng, and 李明盛. "”Extrinsic Learned form Nature, Intrinsic Founded on Cultivation”Sketchy creation about Taroko National Park by traditional mountains and waters painting." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84278368894340738389.
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碩士<br>華梵大學<br>工業設計系碩士班<br>95<br>The Tang Dynasty Zhang Zao put forward "extrinsic learned form nature, intrinsic founded on cultivation". For more than thousand years, this famous saying becomes most true guide for most recent painting investigators. In the history of Chinese painting theory, the term “portrayal of nature” first appeared in “Portrayal of Flowers and Birds” painted by Bien Run of the Tang Dynasty. The term became popular during the Sung Dynasty. Therefore, mountains and waters painting began to evolve toward the direction of portrayal from the Sung Dynasty. This thesis explains to sketch the concerning subjective and objective of abundant content of mountains and waters painting. The literature review includes the development and creation appreciation in the past traditional mountains and waters painting , the modern sketch idea and skill train, and associated with myself for the artistic cultivated manners. For this purpose, the author observes the topographic features of Taroko National Park’s mountains and waters. Following an in-depth encounter with nature, the researchers present their appreciation and admiration of nature and creation. In order to grasp and demonstrate the spirit of nature portrayal, the author attempts to identify the various faces of mountains and waters, including the undulation of hills, vertical and horizontal changes, topographic features, as well as the straight and curved streams of waters and their dynamic and static expressions. The on-the-spot sketch record the nature in Taroko National Park by traditional creative mountains and waters painting. Ultimately, the researcher integrates the idea and the skill, and hopefully presents new style works and reaches the realm of" extrinsic learned form nature, intrinsic founded on cultivation ".
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Tseng, Yi-chun, and 曾意鈞. "Inquire into GSP software to integrate into mathematics teaching to learn the result of compound sketch area to Fifth grade’s." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81848587698945091868.
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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>數學教育學系碩士班<br>100<br>This study mainly investigated on the influence of the integration of GSP software into mathematics teaching on the performance of fifth graders regarding compound sketch area in comparison with the conventional teaching approach. Two classes of students, total 41 participants, were chosen based on the quasi-experimental design in the District of Ciatou, Kaohsiung City. The questionnaire was performed with an achievement examination on compound area, which was devised by the researcher, and the results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, t-test for dependent and independent samples, and qualitative data in an attempt to understand school children’s attitudes toward GSP software.
1. Fifth graders had better performance in solving compound area problems than in solving conservation area problems.
2. Students in the experimental group performed better in the achievement test than those taught by traditional lecture methods.
3. Students in the experimental group showed a significant positive change in their attitudes about mathematics at the end of the teaching experiments.
4. Students with good learning attitudes made much more improvements than those with poor once.
5. Students reported their preference for the integration of GSP software into teaching and learning activities.
Bücher zum Thema "Learned sketches"
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Edward, Lear. A book of learned nonsense: A centenary anthology of writings & sketches. W.H. Allen, 1987.
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Ballinger, Lizzie. Trish Arnold. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350264595.
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‘All you have is yourself, no words, no script in hand, no music to dance to, nothing to hide behind. It was just me – the pure expression of my desire.’ Trish Arnold (1918–2017) was a pioneer in the field of movement. Her work stands alongside that of movement practitioners such as Litz Pisk, Jacques Lecoq and Rudolf Laban in its influence on international theatre, film and drama-school training. Until now, her practice has never been written down in its entirety, but has been passed from body to body, through one-to-one teaching between movement practitioners. Lizzie Ballinger’s intimate and groundbreaking book provides the first full exploration of Arnold’s movement training for actors, focusing on the context, practice and evolution of Arnold’s work, and its legacy in theatre-making today. Beginning with Arnold’s journey into theatre from a dance background, Ballinger describes her own mentorship with Movement Director and Choreographer Jane Gibson, Arnold’s first mentee, and provides a detailed and honest reflection on how she learned to teach this work. Supplemented throughout by beautiful illustrations of her movements, alongside Arnold’s original notes and sketches, this book gives a clear and concise explanation of how to embody Arnold’s movements.
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A guide to Ojibway family life in Minnesota: 20th century sketches : teacher information, learner outcomes, student worksheets, and student activities. Anoka-Hennepin School District No. 11, 1989.
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Kingseed, Cole. The American Civil War. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400610363.
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The Civil War is the central event in U.S. history. More than any other event, the war defined the United States as a nation and as a people. What the United States is today, how it views the role of its national government in its daily life, how it interprets its relations within its diverse population, and how it has evolved as a world power are largely the results of the cataclysmic struggle that shook the American republic in the mid-19th century. For better or worse, the irrepressible conflict that gripped the United States nearly 150 years ago has also formed its national character. Kingseed gives a thoroughly readable, learned overview of the Civil War before offering stimulating chapters on the Myth of Southern Martial Superiority, The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln, Could the South Have Won the War?, Anatomy of Defeat: Why Lee Lost the Battle of Gettysburg, and finally, Consequences of the War: A Contemporary Perspective. Eighteen biographical sketches of key civilian, military, and political figures such as Clara Barton, Matthew Brady, J.E.B. Stuart, Ulysses S. Grant, and Frederick Douglass personalize the momentous events of the Civil War, while 16 annotated primary documents, ranging from Lincoln’s House Divided against Itself Speech to Jefferson Davis’s Inagural Speech on his swearing in as the first, and last, President of the C.S.A., to a bluejacket’s remembrances of the horrors witnessed during and after the Battle of Antietam. Ten illustrations, a map of the major campaigns, chronology of events, glossary, annotated bibliography, and index complete this one-stop research resource on the American Civil War.
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Denecke, Wiebke. Early Sino-Japanese Literature. Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.35.
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Sino-Japanese literature stands out among the Chinese-style literatures of East Asia for the wealth of texts preserved from the early period, its complex symbiosis with a flourishing vernacular tradition, and its pervasive reliance on gloss-reading techniques of Chinese texts (kundoku). These techniques allowed the transformation of Chinese texts into Japanese sound, syntax, and morphology and enabled a distinctive linguistic and creative distance from continental literary production. This chapter surveys the literary culture and production of Early Japan (Asuka, Nara and Heian Periods, seventh through twelfth centuries). After introducing the debates about the varied nomenclature of the corpus of “Sino-Japanese Literature” (kanbun; also called Japanese Literature in Chinese), it sketches the contexts of the emergence of Sino-Japanese textual culture and literature in Japan and gives an overview of major texts in their cultural context. It concludes with reflections on what students of China can learn from Sino-Japanese Literature.
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D'Agostino, Susan. How to Free Your Inner Mathematician. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843597.001.0001.
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How to Free Your Inner Mathematician: Notes on Mathematics and Life offers readers guidance in managing the fear, freedom, frustration, and joy that often accompany calls to think mathematically. With practical insight and years of award-winning mathematics teaching experience, DAgostino offers more than 300 hand-drawn sketches alongside accessible descriptions of fractals, symmetry, fuzzy logic, knot theory, Penrose patterns, infinity, the Twin Prime Conjecture, Arrows Impossibility Theorem, Fermats Last Theorem, and other intriguing mathematical topics. Readers are encouraged to embrace change, proceed at their own pace, mix up their routines, resist comparison, have faith, fail more often, look for beauty, exercise their imaginations, and define success for themselves. Mathematics students and enthusiasts will learn advice for fostering courage on their journey regardless of age or mathematical background. How to Free Your Inner Mathematician delivers not only engaging mathematical content but provides reassurance that mathematical success has more to do with curiosity and drive than innate aptitude.
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Pogue, Kate Emery. Shakespeare’s Friends. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216014003.
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Taking seriously the commonplace that a man is known by the company he keeps—and particularly by the company he keeps over his lifetime—one can learn more about just about anyone by learning more about his friends. By applying this notion to Shakespeare, this book offers insight into the life of the most famous playwright in history, and one of the most elusive figures in literature. The book consists of sketches of Shakespeare’s contact and relationships with the people known to have been close friends or acquaintances, revealing aspects of the poet’s life by emphasizing ways in which his life was intertwined with theirs. Though it is difficult to get to know this most famous of playwrights, through this work readers can gain insight into aspects of his life and personality that may otherwise have been hidden. Shakespeare, more than any other writer in the western world, based much of his work on the consequences of friendship. Given the value placed on friends in his writing, many readers have wondered about the role friendship played in his own life. This work gives readers the chance to learn more about Shakespeare’s friends, who they were and what they can tell us about Shakespeare and his times. For instance, Richard Field was a boyhood friend with whom Shakespeare went to school in Stratford. Field became a well-known London printer. The details of Field’s life illuminate both the details of Shakespeare’s boyhood education and the poet’s relationship with the printing, publishing, and book-selling world in London. Francis Collins, a lawyer who represented Shakespeare in a number of legal dealings, drafted both versions of Shakespeare’s will. This life-long friend was one of the last men eve to see Shakespeare pick up a pen to write. Through these vivid and animated sketches, readers will come to know about Shakespeare’s life and times. While the book has a lively, accessible narrative tone within chapters, its organization and features make it highly useful to the school library market as well as the academic world. It contains cross references, a detailed Table of Contents and a highly organized structure with uniformity across sections and chapters. The writing is accessible and could be easily used by upper-level high school students looking to augment school assignments.
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Rao, Koneru Ramakrishna. His Life Is His Message. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199477548.003.0002.
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This chapter is a thematic sketch of Gandhi’s life and the lessons we may learn from it. The chapter discusses his early life and his experiences in South Africa which had a profound transformative effect on him, and how subsequently he was pulled into the vortex of Indian politics and the freedom movement. While describing the life experience of Gandhi, the chapter brings into focus a number of key Gandhian concepts like satyagraha that underlie Gandhi’s philosophy and practices. More important is our attempt to make Gandhi’s life relevant to readers and to show how the Mahatma’s life is a splendid blend of thought and action.
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Abling, Bina. Fashion Sketchbook. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501387920.
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Learn how to draw fashion images that communicate design ideas and details. With more than 3,000 color illustrations and updated instructions, the book shows you how to draw women, men, and children, pose the figure, develop the fashion head and face, sketch accessories, add garment details, and prepare flats and specs. Learn more advanced techniques for rendering color, fabrics, and embellishments, from houndstooth and velvet to feathers and fringe. Bina Abling’s detailed, easy-to-follow lessons have clear diagrams and runway photographs to help you develop your drawing skills. New to this Edition: -Discussion of sustainability as a mainstay in the fashion industry -Inclusion of practice templates -New videos in STUDIO to support student learning STUDIO Features Include: -Watch videos that bring chapter concepts to life -Study smarter with self-quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips -Review concepts with flashcards of essential vocabulary Instructor Resources -Instructor’s Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom -PowerPoint Slides for each chapter to help incorporate the text into the classroom
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Claude, Jean, Pierre Nicole, and T. B. A Defence of the Reformation: In Answer to a Book Entitled Just Prejudices Against the Calvinists: Written in French by the Reverend and Learned ... to Which Is Prefixed, a Sketch of Th. Andesite Press, 2017.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Learned sketches"
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Muylle, Merel, Robert J. Hartsuiker, and Sarah Bernolet. "Chapter 11. Cross-language influences in L2 syntactic processing and production in late L2 learners." In Cross-language Influences in Bilingual Processing and Second Language Acquisition. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpa.16.11muy.
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Is syntactic processing in a second language (L2) influenced by the first language? This chapter reviews studies that address this issue, with an emphasis on work testing cross-linguistic structural priming. Such priming may indicate that the speaker has shared or connected syntactic representations across languages. We first sketch two types of theories of L2 syntactic representations: theories assuming that syntactic sharing increases with experience, and those assuming the opposite trajectory. We then review studies that found cross-linguistic priming in production and in comprehension and discuss how factors such as lexical overlap, proficiency, word order, case marking, and linguistic distance modulate this effect. We conclude with a discussion of the findings in light of current theories of syntactic processing in L2.
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Fontenla-Carrera, Gabriel, Ángel Manuel Fernández Vilán, and Pablo Izquierdo Belmonte. "Automatic Identification of Kinematic Diagrams with Computer Vision." In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_62.
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AbstractIn this work, a computer vision algorithm for the detection and recognition of 2D kinematic diagrams, both from paper schemes and digital files, was developed. Furthermore, it runs even with hand-made diagrams, which can be correctly identified. The algorithm is mainly based on the use of the free computer vision library OpenCV, being able to identify each element of the kinematic diagram, its connection with the other elements and store its pixels, which will allow in future research the implementation of motion in the sketches themselves. Allowed elements are revolute, prismatic, fixed, cylindrical and rigid joints and rigid bars. The main applications of this work are focused on the teaching world, communication of ideas in a quickly and graphical way and for fast and preliminary designs of new mechanisms as people can draw the diagram in a Tablet or paper and simulate it in real time, avoiding the necessity to learn how to operate a specialized simulation software and the time it takes to prepare the virtual model and obtain its results.
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Masschelein, Jan, and Maarten Simons. "Rejuvenating ‘on Campus’ Education to Reinforce the Particular Response-Ability of the University." In Educational Governance Research. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55116-1_7.
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AbstractIn recent years, the effects of climate change, accelerating disparities between the rich and poor, popular discontent, intractable political conflicts, and major population movements in the world have meant that universities have increasingly mobilised to address societal challenges. In this contribution, we assert that to take up their responsibility, universities should sustain their delivery of education as a particular (pedagogical) form requiring a campus since it embodies forces that sustain students’ and academics’ power to study and think. We first sketch how two trends threaten to make the university (as an institution and campus) increasingly irrelevant by calling into being two figures: the independent personalised (vulnerable) learner and the innovative autonomous researcher. These figures require the university merely as a protecting and facilitating infrastructure for their increasingly personalised learning and research trajectories, which have to lead to excellence and employability. In the second step, we explore how to reclaim the university as a particular arrangement of study practices that contributes to the future in a particular way by complicating learning and exposing the ‘learner’ and the ‘researcher’ to practices of public and collective study and common pedagogical infrastructures (embodied in the campus). We propose that these pedagogical infrastructures help students and scholars become ever more sensitive to different worlds and what those worlds have to say, and in this way, increasingly response-able.
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Fafard, Patrick, Evelyne de Leeuw, and Adèle Cassola. "Introduction: Virchow Revisited on the Importance of Public Health Political Science." In Integrating Science and Politics for Public Health. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98985-9_1.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the choices governments make to address infectious disease threats are necessarily and inherently informed by both scientific evidence and a host of other social, ethical, and economic considerations. Managing what are often competing goals is the stuff of politics. Because public health is political, it only makes sense to draw on the insights of political science, a discipline that seeks to systematically understand how politics and government work. However, what some have called public health political science is a relatively underdeveloped area, in part because of structural barriers that keep these two disciplines from engaging meaningfully. Thus, the major goals of this book are to provide examples of how political science perspectives can be used to better inform public health; to call on political scientists to learn from and engage in public health; and to advance the interconnection of public health and political science as scholarly disciplines. This chapter briefly explores the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of this emergent field and provides a summary sketch of the individual chapters.
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Otero, Iago. "Social-Ecological Transformation to Coexist with Wildfire: Reflecting on 18 Years of Participatory Wildfire Governance." In Urban Resilience to the Climate Emergency. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07301-4_7.
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AbstractThe risk of devastating wildfires – exacerbated by climate change – poses a threat to urban areas worldwide. There is a pressing need to strengthen societal efforts to coexist with this perturbation by creating resilient social-ecological systems. To enable this, a significant social-ecological transformation of wildfire-prone regions seems to be required. Here, I reflect on my experience in three projects of participatory wildfire governance conducted in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (Spain) during the last 18 years. The goal is to learn from the experience and to sketch new transformative options to coexist with wildfire. After a literature review on the links between resilience to wildfire, adaptation and transformation, I analyse these projects with regard to their achievements, challenges and potential new transformative avenues. The analysis shows the crucial role that a locally rooted civil society can have when it is able to network with key agencies and actors over the long term. It also shows the importance of developing integrative wildfire planning networks where different ecosystem services and values are considered in successive phases of public deliberation between actors, citizens and wildfire managers. It is concluded that deepening the transdisciplinary content of participatory wildfire governance can increase its transformative potential.
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Lovell, Stephen. "Epilogue." In How Russia Learned to Talk. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199546428.003.0009.
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The epilogue to this book sketches out the story of public speaking and rhetoric in Russia from the 1930s to the early twenty-first century. It compares and contrasts the rhetorical styles of several leaders: Nikita Khrushchev, who led the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964; Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary from 1964 to 1982; Mikhail Gorbachev, who led the Soviet Union from 1985 to its dissolution in 1991; and finally Vladimir Putin, the current president of Russia. It discusses wider norms of public speaking in the later Soviet period, especially in advice literature on ‘cultured speech’. The epilogue also briefly assesses the implications of the audiovisual media for public speech.
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Hayes, John. "The Unraveling of the Folk Christian World." In Hard, Hard Religion. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635323.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter sketches the various forces that, beginning around 1940, began to unmake the milieu in which folk Christianity had been crafted: sweeping economic transformation, huge population shifts, changing class dynamics, and the spread of a national pop culture. The chapter then reflects on the complicated intersections of religion, class, and race in Southern history. It reiterates the book’s thesis, that in a distinct moment of regional life—the New South—poor blacks and poor whites listened, learned, and borrowed from each other to craft a distinct folk Christianity.
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Macnamara, John, and Gonzalo E. Reyes. "Introduction." In The Logical Foundations of Cognition. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092158.003.0001.
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Abstract We address this introduction to the casual reader who wishes to have a brief sketch of the view of cognition that gave rise to this collection and to the project that we believe is here launched. The introduction situates the project historically, sketches how it relates to other projects, notably standard experimental psychology, cognitive science and the philosophy of mind (including Husserl’s approach). In doing so we contrive to introduce the various papers in the collection, and present our particular view of how they contribute to the project. We also attempt to deal, all too briefly, with certain near reflex objections to the view that there can be a precise mathematical theory of cognition. Cognition is just a learned word for acts of coming to know and states of knowing, as wen as for states of wanting and for decisions insofar as they are guided by knowledge. We extend the term to include the theory of such acts and states. It is in this extended use that we permit our selves the title of this volume: The Logical Foundations of Cognition. Clearly we mean the logical foundations of the theory of cognition.
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van Egmond, Bart. "Introduction." In Augustine's Early Thought on the Redemptive Function of Divine Judgement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834922.003.0001.
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This chapter contextualizes the central question of this book from three perspectives. The first perspective is the anti-Gnostic Alexandrinian tradition, and its discourse on the pedagogical function of divine judgement. The book addresses the question of how Augustine’s developing thought on grace and judgement relates to this tradition. The second context in which the research is situated is the context of philosophical psychagogy. Augustine learned about this psychagogical tradition via Cicero and the Neoplatonists. How does he relate to this tradition when he speaks about the administration of divine and human discipline? A third context is that of Augustine research itself. First, the chapter briefly describes the discussion concerning the development of Augustine’s doctrine of grace. Second, it sketches the conversation on the historical and theological roots of Augustine’s justification of state-sponsored coercion against the Donatists.
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Barnard, Stephen R. "Power and Problematic Information in an Era of Hybrid Media." In Hacking Hybrid Media. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197570272.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter offers an overview of media’s role in relations of power, arguing that this endeavor requires consideration of social, political, journalistic, and technological structures as well as how those structures inform media-related capital and practices. The chapter begins with an introduction to hybrid media and to other relevant theories of media and power. It then makes the case for studying media practice before situating such practice against a backdrop of social and technological affordances. Next, the chapter reviews literature on media-related forms of capital and sketches a path toward theoretical advancement through the development of new conceptual tools. It considers what is known about propaganda and media manipulation as well as what areas of study remain underdeveloped. Finally, the chapter presents a typology of manipulative media practices before concluding with a discussion of how the lessons learned in this chapter shape the book’s focus going forward.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Learned sketches"
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Zhang, Zijian, and Yan Jin. "Toward Computer Aided Visual Analogy Support (CAVAS): Augment Designers Through Deep Learning." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70961.
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Abstract The goal of this research is to develop a computer-aided visual analogy support (CAVAS) framework that can augment designers’ visual analogical thinking by providing relevant visual cues or sketches from a variety of categories and stimulating the designer to make more and better visual analogies at the ideation stage of design. The challenges of this research include what roles a computer tool should play in facilitating visual analogy of designers, what the relevant and meaningful visual analogies are at the sketching stage of design, and how the computer can capture such meaningful visual knowledge from various categories through analyzing the sketches drawn by the designers. A visual analogy support framework and a deep clustering model, called Cavas-DL, are proposed to learn a latent space of sketches that can reveal the shape patterns for multiple categories of sketches and at the same time cluster the sketches to preserve and provide category information as part of visual cues. The latent space learned serves as a visual information representation that captures the learned shape features from multiple sketch categories. The distance- and overlap-based similarities are introduced and analyzed to identify long- and short-distance analogies. Extensive evaluations of the performance of our proposed methods are carried out with different configurations, and the visual presentations of the potential analogical cues are explored. The evaluation results and the visual organizations of information have demonstrated the potential of the usefulness of the Cavas-DL model.
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Das, Madhurima, and Maria C. Yang. "Assessing Early Stage Design Sketches and Reflections on Prototyping." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-66748.
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Abstract Designers routinely create informal “thinking” sketches to explore a design space and “talking” sketches to communicate design ideas during the early phases of the design process. This study proposes a rubric for assessing the quality of novice designers’ early stage design sketches including line smoothness, proportion, and understandability. The study finds a positive correlation between sketch quality and understandability, which indicates the importance of sketch quality when using sketches as a communication tool. Results indicate that early stage sketch quantity is linked with design outcomes, though sketch quality does not have a strong correlation with design outcomes. The study also finds a link between frequency of sketching and having higher maximum sketch quality scores (i.e. at least one excellent sketch) as well as a correlation between individuals’ maximum sketch quality scores and their overall design outcomes. This study presents a new tool to capture what is learned by the designer after each iteration of a prototype. Preliminary results indicate that reflection on both the technical and emotional aspects of prototyping may be valuable and should be an area of further study. Finally, several results point to novice designers’ lack of consistent focus on users in their prototyping reflections and presentations.
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Zhu, Mingrui, Nannan Wang, Xinbo Gao, Jie Li, and Zhifeng Li. "Face Photo-Sketch Synthesis via Knowledge Transfer." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/147.
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Despite deep neural networks have demonstrated strong power in face photo-sketch synthesis task, their performance, however, are still limited by the lack of training data (photo-sketch pairs). Knowledge Transfer (KT), which aims at training a smaller and fast student network with the information learned from a larger and accurate teacher network, has attracted much attention recently due to its superior performance in the acceleration and compression of deep neural networks. This work has brought us great inspiration that we can train a relatively small student network on very few training data by transferring knowledge from a larger teacher model trained on enough training data for other tasks. Therefore, we propose a novel knowledge transfer framework to synthesize face photos from face sketches or synthesize face sketches from face photos. Particularly, we utilize two teacher networks trained on large amount of data in related task to learn the knowledge of face photos and face sketches separately and transfer them to two student networks simultaneously. In addition, the two student networks, one for photo ? sketch task and the other for sketch ? photo task, can transfer their knowledge mutually. With the proposed method, we can train our model which has superior performance using a small set of photo-sketch pairs. We validate the effectiveness of our method across several datasets. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations illustrate that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in generating face sketches (or photos) with high visual quality and recognition ability.
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Wang, Wenjie, Yufeng Shi, Shiming Chen, Qinmu Peng, Feng Zheng, and Xinge You. "Norm-guided Adaptive Visual Embedding for Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/153.
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Zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval (ZS-SBIR), which aims to retrieve photos with sketches under the zero-shot scenario, has shown extraordinary talents in real-world applications. Most existing methods leverage language models to generate class-prototypes and use them to arrange the locations of all categories in the common space for photos and sketches. Although great progress has been made, few of them consider whether such pre-defined prototypes are necessary for ZS-SBIR, where locations of unseen class samples in the embedding space are actually determined by visual appearance and a visual embedding actually performs better. To this end, we propose a novel Norm-guided Adaptive Visual Embedding (NAVE) model, for adaptively building the common space based on visual similarity instead of language-based pre-defined prototypes. To further enhance the representation quality of unseen classes for both photo and sketch modality, modality norm discrepancy and noisy label regularizer are jointly employed to measure and repair the modality bias of the learned common embedding. Experiments on two challenging datasets demonstrate the superiority of our NAVE over state-of-the-art competitors.
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Wang, Zhipeng, Hao Wang, Jiexi Yan, Aming Wu, and Cheng Deng. "Domain-Smoothing Network for Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/158.
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Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval (ZS-SBIR) is a novel cross-modal retrieval task, where abstract sketches are used as queries to retrieve natural images under zero-shot scenario. Most existing methods regard ZS-SBIR as a traditional classification problem and employ a cross-entropy or triplet-based loss to achieve retrieval, which neglect the problems of the domain gap between sketches and natural images and the large intra-class diversity in sketches. Toward this end, we propose a novel Domain-Smoothing Network (DSN) for ZS-SBIR. Specifically, a cross-modal contrastive method is proposed to learn generalized representations to smooth the domain gap by mining relations with additional augmented samples. Furthermore, a category-specific memory bank with sketch features is explored to reduce intra-class diversity in the sketch domain. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach notably outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both Sketchy and TU-Berlin datasets.
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Dinar, Mahmoud, Yong-Seok Park, and Jami J. Shah. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Problem Formulation and Ideation Skills Learned Throughout an Engineering Design Course." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46542.
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Conventional syllabi of engineering design courses either do not pay enough attention to conceptual design skills, or they lack an objective assessment of those skills to show students’ progress. During a semester-long course of advanced engineering product design, we assigned three major design projects to twenty five students. For each project we asked them to formulate the problems in the Problem Formulator web-based testbed. In addition, we collected sketches for all three design problems, feasibility analyses for the last two, and a working prototype for the final project. We report the students’ problem formulation and ideation in terms of a set of nine problem formulation characteristics and ASU’s ideation effectiveness metrics respectively. We discuss the limitations that the choice of the design problems caused, and how the progress of a class of students during a semester-long design course resulted in a convergence in sets of metrics that we have defined to characterize problem formulation and ideation. We also review the results of students of a similar course which we reported last year in order to find common trends.
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I Chen, Ching, Meng-Cong Zheng, and I. Wen Yen. "The Achievement of Using Research Results from Mixed Methods in Design Workshop within Educational Scenario." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002013.
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We often combine several methods and tools when running a design workshop, e.g., brainstorming and affinity diagram. Suppose participants have many divergent ideas without fully understanding the design subject matter's users, behaviors, and scenes, although many ideas can be collected. In that case, the result is often difficult to focus on the problem they originally intended to solve. Therefore, this research wants to know whether the innovative ideas of participants are restricted by providing the same background material. And how to use different design thinking tools in combination to improve the effectiveness of the workshop. The design subject of this workshop is a recycling vehicle currently operated and managed by the government. The design goal is to design additional modules that can be used flexibly in the existing recycling vehicles to improve waste separation and recycling efficiency.Before implementing the design workshop, we collected many objective facts and subjective opinions through qualitative and quantitative investigation methods such as field observation, questionnaire survey, interview, and symposium. We visualized the survey results (photos, behavioral mapping, statistic chart, etc.) to form the materials for the design workshop. The workshop ran for eight hours in one day, and a total of 10 industrial design master class students were divided into two groups. Four stages guided the two workshop hosts in sequence: the KJ method, empathy map, user journey, and design sketch. There are four stages to guide the process. During the period, the two groups each reported an affinity diagram, two user journeys (one for cleaning staff and one for a citizen), and four empathy maps. Finally, a professor from the Industrial Design Institute will comment on the sketch.As a result, participants created ten sets of sketches focusing on problem-solving but with different innovative ideas. Participants also learned various design thinking tools in a short period. Using the mixed method research results as materials and combining different method tools to guide the process of the workshop will ultimately help the design workshop produce specific achievements.
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Li, Tengjie, Shikui Tu, and Lei Xu. "SketchEdit: Editing Freehand Sketches at the Stroke-Level." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/493.
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Recent sketch synthesis methods have demonstrated the capability of generating lifelike outcomes. However, these methods directly encode the entire sketches making it challenging to decouple the strokes from the sketches and have difficulty in controlling local sketch synthesis, e.g., stroke editing. Besides, the sketch editing task encounters the issue of accurately positioning the edited strokes, because users may not be able to draw on the exact position and the same stroke may appear in various locations in different sketches. We propose SketchEdit to realize flexible editing of sketches at the stroke-level for the first time. To tackle the challenge of decoupling strokes, SketchEdit divides a drawing sequence of a sketch into a series of strokes based on the pen state, aligns the stroke segments to have the same starting position, and learns the embeddings of every stroke by a proposed stroke encoder. Moreover, we overcome the problem of stroke placement via a diffusion process, which progressively generates the locations for the strokes to be synthesized, using the stroke features as the guiding condition. Experiments demonstrate that SketchEdit is effective for stroke-level sketch editing and sketch reconstruction. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/CMACH508/SketchEdit/.
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Moreira Da Silva, Ana. "Creativity and Emotion in Design." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001996.
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Creativity in Design can be related to Emotion, particularly to the Emotional Mind. We perceive, interpret and memorize things differently depending on our emotional states. We are emotional and emphatic beings. The experiences we have gone through, the challenges we have learned from and the circumstances that have made us, reflect on our work as designers.Creativity is the process of solving a new problem by creating a new pattern of brain connections; it is a spark between previously unrelated concepts acquired through learning and experiencing. The act of creation requires the brain to find new associations, new connections between its neurons. The creation of something new and unusual is literally a spark that links previously unrelated neural groups and joins previously distant conceptual areas: the creative thinking.Sketching can stimulate a re-interpretive cycle in the individual designer’s idea generation process. It appears that sketches stimulate creativity in this ideas generation process, by providing new directions for ideas to breed in an individual generate-interpret cycle. A drawing happens when we engage our hands to capture what we are thinking or experiencing. The hand is an extension for our brain which can make visible our ideas through sketches. The proportion of sensorimotor cortex devoted to hand function is considerably greater than that devoted to other body segments. Several authors even call the hand has ‘the outer brain’. We are developing an ongoing research concerned with investigating the ways in which the activity of sketching stimulates creativity in design.Under a qualitative research, based on literature review methodology, through the study and interpretation of several authors’ statements, this paper investigates the relations between Creativity and Emotion in Design, and also, aims to stimulate reflection and bring new perspectives on the nowadays use of sketching within this relation creativity/emotions present in the designers mind as an emotional human being.
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Zhang, Mingjin, Nannan Wang, Xinbo Gao, and Yunsong Li. "Markov Random Neural Fields for Face Sketch Synthesis." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/159.
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Synthesizing face sketches with both common and specific information from photos has been recently attracting considerable attentions in digital entertainment. However, the existing approaches either make the strict similarity assumption on face sketches and photos, leading to lose some identity-specific information, or learn the direct mapping relationship from face photos to sketches by the simple neural network, resulting in the lack of some common information. In this paper, we propose a novel face sketch synthesis based on the Markov random neural fields including two structures. In the first structure, we utilize the neural network to learn the non-linear photo-sketch relationship and obtain the identity-specific information of the test photo, such as glasses, hairpins and hairstyles. In the second structure, we choose the nearest neighbors of the test photo patch and the sketch pixel synthesized in the first structure from the training data which ensure the common information of Miss or Mr Average. Experimental results on the Chinese University of Hong Kong face sketch database illustrate that our proposed framework can preserve the common structure and capture the characteristic features. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves better results in terms of both quantitative and qualitative experimental evaluations.