Dissertationen zum Thema „Leadership – Différences entre sexes“
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De, Macedo Maia Victor. „Le genre et le leadership : L’avantage féminin dépend-il du type de crise ?“ Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2000.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGender stereotypes represent one of the major determinants in the perception of men's and women's leadership. Stereotypes about men have been associated more with effective leadership than those about women. As a result, men have generally been perceived as more legitimate and prepared to take on leadership roles. However, in recent years several arguments suggest that this association is reversed. Currently, stereotypes about women appear to be associated more with effective leadership and this seems to give them a leadership advantage over men. However, the propositions of a leadership advantage where certain stereotypical qualities are superior to others run counter to the basic premises of leadership. Leadership takes place in a context. Context impacts the range, validity and impact of leadership. Thus, the effects of one type of leadership in one situation will not necessarily hold in another. Indeed, some critics have suggested that research should instead focus on identifying the contexts where this potential advantage might be verified. Therefore, through five studies, four experimental, one correlational, and the validation of a crisis perception scale, this dissertation sought to determine if different types of crises could present a leadership advantage for men or for women. We hypothesized that the evaluation of leaders and leadership types would depend on their congruence with the context. The results of our studies partially confirm our hypotheses. If in most situations the agentic and communal traits were indeed evaluated in congruence with the type of crisis, concerning the behaviors, contrary to our predictions, those considered as typical of women (i.e., consideration) were more preferred in all situations. However, regardless of their preference, the effectiveness of agentic and communal traits and behaviors of consideration and structure were mediated by feelings of uncertainty, injustice, and control present in the crisis. In most situations they were perceived as effective or promoted the evaluation of leaders. Finally, our results show that while organizational success is more attributed to men, effectiveness in crisis situations is also more attributed to them. However, to resolve the crisis men and women were not equally preferred in all situations. Women were more indicated than men to resolve a relational crisis. These results will be discussed considering the arguments of leadership advantage and the impact of context on leadership. We will argue that despite the obvious impact of the context on leadership that limits its validity and scope, women, because of the injunctions imposed by gender stereotypes, could indeed have a leadership advantage over men
Raymondie, Romain. „Expression, régulation, et évaluation des émotions dans les contextes de leadership : le rôle du genre et des stéréotypes de genre“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ2008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGender stereotypes of emotions are beliefs that convey the idea that women and men differ in several aspects of their emotional life: expression, regulation, experience, and physiology. For example, women are regarded as being more emotional than men. Some authors have argued these stereotypes lead to difficulties and psychological costs for women who wish to access, evolve, and succeed in organizational leadership positions. Indeed, leadership stereotypes are more congruent with masculine (e.g., rational, cold-blooded) than feminine (e.g., sensitive, warm) stereotypes. Moreover, backlash research suggests individuals who behave in a counter-stereotypical manner may face economic or social penalties. Thus, women would be brought to negotiate a double bind: transgress feminine stereotypes to fit with leadership stereotypes or transgress leadership stereotypes to fit with feminine stereotypes. In 6 studies, we examined the role of gender and gender stereotypes on the expression, regulation, and evaluation of leader emotions. We observed that stereotypes about women’s and men’s emotions corresponded poorly to stereotypes about subordinates (study 1) and about managers (study 2). We also observed that stereotypically masculine or feminine contexts did not influence female and male leaders’ expression and regulation of emotions (study 3). However, support for gender equality from subordinates protected female and male leaders from burnout by reducing the uncertainty associated with emotional expression (study 4). Furthermore, we observed that leaders expressing counter-stereotypical emotions (i.e., female - anger, male - sadness), vs. stereotypical (i.e., man - anger, woman - sadness), were negatively evaluated by their subordinates (study 5). Finally, subordinates penalized female leaders who reported having to make efforts to regulate their emotions (vs. no effort) while male leaders were not penalized (Study 6). In sum, this dissertation delves into the role of gender and gender stereotypes on the emotions and evaluations of leaders’ emotions, for both women and men
Minkoue, pira Liziane. „Leadership au masculin et au féminin, les différences entre les hommes et les femmes dans la manière de diriger : étude comparative dans le secteur tertiaire en France et au Gabon“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn view of the unequal distribution of men and women in certain positions and the under representativeness of women at certain hierarchical levels, the question of the difference between male leadership and female leadership is very acute. Indeed, wondering what are the differences between men and women in the way of directing and what influence these differences have on the level of satisfaction of the subordinates led us to carry out this comparative research in the tertiary sector between France and Gabon. To do this, three studies were conducted. The first study focuses on the analysis of the activities of senior managers (Guilbert & Lancry, 2007) on the issue of management of employees. This study has the particularity of being geared towards managers and aims to highlight the differences in terms of leadership and activities that exist between men and women managers. The second study deals with the description by subordinates of men and women in a leadership position. The aim here is to find out which characteristics, male or female (Tostain, 1993, Bem, 1974) describe these two heads, on one hand. On the other hand, which of these descriptions is closest to their description of the ideal manager? The third study focuses on the analysis of the leadership style of men and women managers in our sample by their subordinates and the influence of these leadership styles on the job satisfaction of the latter. Guided by samples of 20 participants (study 1), 444 participants (study 2) and 433 participants (study 3), the results show us, on the one hand, that there are no significant differences between men and women in the management of subordinates. It appears that men and women leaders maintain close relations with their subordinates with a small hierarchical distance. Men leaders adopt feminine specificities (listening, democracy ...) and women adopt masculine specificities (individualism, firmness ...). On the other hand, it also appears that the ideal leader is presented with more feminine than male characteristics and that men and women leader in leadership positions are presented with masculine and feminine characteristics in Gabon, and masculine characteristics in France. Finally, regarding the leadership style, the results show that in Gabon there are differences between men and women because men are transactional in their leadership style and women make a mix of transactional and transformational styles. And in France, there are no differences between men and women in terms of leadership style. These results allow us to show that the differences between the northern countries, such as France, and the southern countries, such as Gabon, seem to be due to the cultural variable, therefore related to the environmental and cultural context as might think Tedongmo Teko and Bapes Ba Bapes (2010). It would therefore be interesting to bring into play the cultural variable and the leadership in a post-thesis research
Bailly, Sophie. „La différenciation sexuelle dans la conversation : étude descriptive et interprétative des modalités, des thèmes et des représentations, à partir d'entretiens et d'enquêtes“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough they speak the same language, men and women who belong to the same speech community seem to differ in their speech behaviour. The choice of conversational topics and strategies depends on the sex of the speaker and of the hearer. Socio-cultural representations of the conversational behaviour of men and women also correlate with gender
Vaillancourt, Joanie. „Les différences entre les sexes en production écrite à 15 ans“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27809.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaudino, Claudie. „Politique de la langue et différence sexuelle“. Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSharma, Ashish. „Gender specific modulation of metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20990/20990.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGodard, Ornella. „Reconnaissance des visages, asymétrie hémisphérique et différences hommes / femmes“. Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur researches aim at having a better understanding of sex-related hemispherical differences during facial information processing. Five behavioral and one electrophysiological studies, using ERPs, have been conducted with a total of 132 women and 125 men. Results of three experiments show that men and women process differently facial information. Contrary to men, women are not influenced by emotional expression to process facial identity. Women are also faster than men to detect a subtle modification relative to an invariant distance in a face, consisted of increasing the inter-ocular distance. These results suggest that women might have better abilities to extract invariant facial traits compared to men which could explain, in part, their advantage in several tasks of face recognition. In addition, a strong hemispheric lateralization was found, at both behavioral and electrophysiological levels, in men, whereas, women presented a bilateral cerebral functioning. In men, a left visual field superiority and a larger N170 over the right hemisphere compared to the left have been shown. This hemispheric asymmetry was coupled with an asymmetric interhemispheric transmission times with faster transfer from the non specialized hemisphere to the specialized one than the reverse direction. In women, the bilateral functioning was coupled with symmetric interhemispheric transmission times and equivalent N170 amplitude over both hemispheres. Moreover, peak latencies of the P100, N170 and N250 were earlier in women than in men, without sex differences at a behavioral response times. We propose the "serial-parallel" model to give an account of the organization of the sequence of different stages involved in face recognition for both men and women
Pechriggl, Alice. „Corps transfigurés : stratifications de l'imaginaire des sexes/genres“. Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis works out the passage from somatic sex difference to gender relationships. This passage is treated in terms of a transfiguration of psyche/soma into social significations and bodies. The central subjects of the investigation are psyche/soma, the process of identification of social individuals, sexuality between eros and biology, and the question of origin (from a philosophical as well as from an anthropological and psychoanalytical point of view). The stratifications of social imaginary are examined according to different modes of being. They reach from the physical/material, over the psychical and actual imaginary, to transcendent imaginary with its reifying effects, given the hypostasis inherent to that kind of imaginary, particularly in the case of +screen-imaginary of feminity;. It is a screen-imaginary in a double sense: as an obstacle (for the access of women in those social and political spheres occupied by this imaginary) as well as a plane of projection (for men projecting their feminine complement which can be mastered more easily in this homogenous form than in the presence of real women). The figuration of imaginary is also strongly marked by an asymmetry consisting in masculine hegemony of explicit figuration of society, its actual central imaginary. The stratifications of gender imaginary in the domain of philosophy (in particular plato, aristotle, levinas and the dialectics of history) is the focal theme of the second part. This part ends on the non-relevance of gender as a category of philosophy strictu sensu, i. E. As a category of universal ontology. The relevance of gender begins only at the point where philosophy depasses itself to reach into anthropology and the thinking of the social as domains sui generis of being. The third and last part is treating the gender related stratifications of civic and political imaginary (antiquity - modem times) and the segragating structures forged by this stratifications
Teherani, Mardjane. „Étude comparative de la symptomatologie dépressive chez l'homme et chez la femme en population générale“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSuant, Marie-Claude. „Masculinité et féminité chez l'enfant à la phase de latence“. Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTacking as a point a departure the books from the collection published under the name "du cote des petites filles" by "des femmes" (a publishing firm set up by militants from the "politique et psychanalyse" group, the french equivalent of women's lib movement), our research attemps to highlight the content of the militant message given to children, and the understanding that girls and boys have of it at the end of their latency period. The study is based upon two samples of 10 girls and 10 boys in the 9-11 age bracket attending the "ecole nouvelle d'antony" (a new primary situated in antony in the southern suburds of paris), where no distinction is made when it comes to education an pdagogy. The second sample is twice as large ; but again contains an equal number of boys and girls -20 of each- but this time attending a state primary school in the 13th distinct in paris. Three of the best-known books from the collection were shown to the children fromboth groups in individual one-hour sessions. When analysed, the reponses by the two groups of children showed no differences in their attitudes towards the stereotyped view of masculinity, feminity and social roles; this observation did not differ between the child'sex or educational environment. This attitude towards the stereotype among children in their latency period was related to the process of the elaboration of their sexual identity, as described by psychoanalytical theory, as well as the way the male and female are represented. The importance of the stereotype during a
Veyre-Goulet, Sophie. „Étude céphalométrique du dimorphisme sexuel de l'homme moderne“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO1Z249.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa 4e de couverture indique : "In 1996, a team from Taiwan refined the methods enabling the sex of an individual to be determined using cephalometric plots made from lateral teleradiography. The aim of our study was to validate their work using a dry skull of an European population. . 18 cephalometric variables were measured on lateral teleradiography manually and with an orthodontic software. Using the discriminant analysis, sex was determined with 82% and 95. 6% of accuracy, respectively. A subset of 8 variables was selected and could predict sex with the same accuracy. In conclusion, this method is reliable, simple, and directly applicable in anthropology, human palaeontology and forensic sciences"
Niedzwiecki, Patricia. „Phénoménologie du langage des femmes : psychologie et philologie du discours : de la dépréciation du "langage des femmes" à sa revalorisation“. Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHervault, Maxime. „Les différences liées au sexe dans la physiopathologie de la sténose valvulaire aortique : impact du phénotype valvulaire, de l’âge, et des hormones sexuelles“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67785.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAortic valve stenosis (AS) is a degenerative pathology of the aortic valve that affects 2 to 4% of the population over 65 years of age, and 4,6% of people over 75 years of age. This pathology results in a thickening and stiffening of the aortic valve leaflets, leading to an impaired opening, and closing of the valve. The risk factors for developing AS are bicuspid valve (a congenital anomaly affecting 1 to 2% of the general population), age, dyslipidemia, and male sex. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of AS are relatively well known. Mechanisms involved in inflammation, fibrosis, calcification, survival, and cell proliferation are found. However, despite an important bibliography on the pathophysiology of AS, very little research has been done on the impact of sex and sex hormones on the progression of AS. It has recently been shown that for the same hemodynamic severity of AS, men have a higher degree of calcification and a lower proportion of fibrosis of their valve than women. Thus, the objective of this master is to study the impact of sex, valve phenotype and age on the degree of calcification and valve remodelling in human patients for whom we had their clinical characteristics as well as CTscan data and explanted valves. Results obtained shown that women, regardless of valve phenotype or age, will have a lower degree of valve calcification and a greater fibrotic remodelling of their valves than men. In addition, in bicuspid patients, young women have a less calcified aortic valve compared to older women.
Durand-Delvigne, Annick. „Identité et modèles sexués des personnes : contribution aux recherches sur la dynamique relationnelle de l'identité et du genre“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the research presented in this thesis, we are attemping to contribute to the analysis of the influence gender has on the identity of a person. This research was carried out with reference to several conceptual frameworks of social psychology presented in a journal. The question was tackled in two ways. Nomothetic and reactive research which used Bem B. S. R. I. Under three conditions (representation of self, representation of others, social desirability of personality tr regards gender) was conducted with subjects sampled according to gender, age, professional status and employment categor the aim of the research is: 1 - on the one hand to assess the role of gender in the representation of self, 2 - on the other hand to test a causal model involving the representation of self, the representation of others and gender related stereotypes. An idiographic research which uses Zavalloni's I. M. I. S. Conducted with 10 and 12 years old children in a comparative and longitudinal implementation is aimed at assessing the effect that gender socioeconomic background and school education have on the development of identity in children, and particularly the influence of gende groups in this. The results we obtained reveal that the relationship between gender and identity is dependent on the soc asymetric relationship of gender groups. Gender is not the socio-cognitive result of belonging to one sex. It is part of model of the person where masculinity is a decisive factor. Different research projects, conducted with adults or childr nomothetic or idiographic perspective tend to prove that gender itself being activated or the gender group itself coming into play in the representation of self go hand in hand with a low social status in a contextual or a symbolic system of relationship. These research projects therefore emphasize the ideological function of identity and its dependence on pow relationships
Leblanc, Vicky. „Adoption de l'alimentation méditerranéenne basée sur la théorie de l'autodétermination : différences entre les hommes et les femmes“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26266.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL’alimentation méditerranéenne est reconnue comme un modèle de saine alimentation et ses bienfaits sur la santé cardiovasculaire sont bien documentés. Puisque des différences entre les hommes et les femmes ont été rapportées quant aux habitudes alimentaires et à la modification de celles-ci en réponse à des interventions, on peut se questionner à savoir si les hommes et les femmes peuvent retirer les mêmes bénéfices en adoptant cette alimentation. D’autre part, la motivation constitue un facteur déterminant dans les changements alimentaires et des évidences suggèrent que la motivation autodéterminée est associée à l’adoption et au maintien de comportements alimentaires sains. Peu d’études ont cependant évalué l’importance de la qualité de la motivation impliquée dans les changements alimentaires, et aucune ne semble avoir considéré les différences potentielles entre les hommes et les femmes. L’étude présentée dans cette thèse visait à déterminer l’influence du genre dans l’adoption d’une alimentation de type méditerranéen en réponse à un programme d’éducation en nutrition basé sur une approche motivationnelle auprès d’individus présentant certains facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Afin de rencontrer cet objectif, 64 hommes et 59 femmes préménopausées ont participé à un programme d’éducation en nutrition de 12 semaines basé sur l’approche de l’entretien motivationnel. L’intervention nutritionnelle visait à promouvoir la motivation autodéterminée, plus particulièrement en soutenant la satisfaction des besoins d’autonomie, de compétence et du sentiment d’attachement des individus dans la détermination d’objectifs alimentaires et de stratégies favorables à adopter. L’intervention comportait trois rencontres de groupe, trois rencontres individuelles et quatre suivis téléphoniques avec une nutritionniste. Une amélioration similaire de l’adhésion à l’alimentation méditerranéenne a été observée chez les hommes et les femmes en réponse à l’intervention, mais avec des changements plus prononcés de certaines composantes alimentaires chez les hommes. Une augmentation de la motivation autodéterminée était associée à une amélioration de l’adhésion à l’alimentation méditerranéenne chez les hommes seulement. Des changements métaboliques plus prononcés ont été observés chez les hommes. En conclusion, nos résultats indiquent que le programme d’éducation en nutrition basé sur une approche motivationnelle a contribué à l’amélioration des apports alimentaires et à la diminution de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire, plus particulièrement chez les hommes.
The Mediterranean diet is now recognized as one of the best models of food patterns and its cardioprotective effects are well established in the literature. As evidence suggests differences between men and women in eating habits and in dietary changes in response to interventions, it can be questioned whether men and women could get the same health benefits from the adoption of the Mediterranean diet. It has also been suggested that motivation is an important factor in the context of dietary changes and some studies indicate that self-determined motivation toward eating is associated with the adoption of healthy dietary behaviors and long-term adherence to those changes. However, few studies assessed the importance of quality in motivational factors related to dietary changes, and to our knowledge, none has considered potential differences between men and women. This study aimed at assessing the impact of gender in the adoption of a Mediterranean diet in response to a nutritional education program based on a motivational approach, in men and women presenting risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To meet this objective, 64 men and 59 premenopausal women were recruited into our 12-week nutritional education program based on the motivational interviewing approach. The nutritional intervention aimed at promoting self-determined motivation, more precisely in a context that fosters satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the determination of dietary changes and potential strategies. The nutritional intervention included three group sessions, three individual sessions and four follow-up telephone calls with a registered dietitian. Both men and women increased their adherence to the Mediterranean diet in response to the nutritional intervention, although men showed more pronounced changes in some specific food groups. A positive association between increases in self-determined motivation and increases in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was observed in men only. Men also showed more pronounced changes in metabolic variables. In conclusion, our results indicate that the nutritional intervention program based on a motivational approach led to improvement in dietary intakes and to decreases in cardiovascular risk factors, more particularly in men.
David, Ronan. „De la différenciation des sexes ou le conformisme à l'époque de la rationalité instrumentale“. Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1624.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouraille, Priscille. „Dimorphismes sexuels de taille corporelle : des adaptations meurtrières? : les modèles de la biologie évolutive et les silences de l'écologie comportementale humaine“. Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0199.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA difference in mean body size between men and women is present in the human species as in others numerous mammals. The critical and detailed study of the hypothesis given by evolutionary biology to explain what may have favored males of greatest size on one part, or femals of smallest size on the other part show the weaknesse of classical thinking about this issue for the human species. Associating genetical, ecological, paleontological, nutritional and social considerations, among others, it is concluded that selections that play in a social context in which the inequal access for food under gender systems for femals could be one of the primilarly selective pressure in terms of genetical evolution. This work shows that the result is harmful to the human species, sweeping away the adaptationist hypothesis that are apllied to culture
Lesourd, Xavier-Serge. „De l'autre maternel à la construction du féminin : le dévoilement adolescent“. Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDenzler, Romain. „Les stéréotypes de sexe dans le sport“. Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSport, created in the image of man, ostentatiously extols the masculine model and stigmatizes. With the exception of those disciplines measured by a points system, the traditional characteristics of feminity. So it is that measurement of physical ability and control of "contre-communication motrice" are the essential components of almost all sporting disciplines. Rooted in the heart of their internal logic, institutionalized, competitive and motor forms ensure the durability of subjective male domination. So, with the exception of several rare disciplines, sport is one of those activities, which according to Elisabeth Badinter, can give man pride in his virility. The joint action of a rural exodus, medical progress and other gains (vote, equal employment) has seen women thrown themselves "bodily" into an unprecedented process of emancipation and make a spectacular entrance into the sporting arena. Over the last ten or so olympiads, several women have been making unsound many feminine stereotypes by displaving characteristics both behavioral (pride, fighting spirit, courage) and physical (endurance, resistance) which until non only men could take pride in showing in public. Conversely, others continue to confine their feminine identity to trational plans through activities which underline feminine attributes (G. R. S. , synchronised swimming). The antinomical nature of this double positioning does not fait to surprise. On fact, while the first of these configurations augurs a change in the sexualisation of sport, and consequently in the roles and statuses assigned to each sex, the second foreshadows a move away from sport to an entertainment which demands "le temps de la difference"
Génuit, Philippe. „La criminalité féminine : une criminalité épicène et insolite : réflexions d'épistémologie et d'anthropobiologie clinique“. Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198603/fr/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFemale criminality is questioned in this thesis under the angle of clinical epistemology. The clinical reference of epistemology is here that of the theory of the mediation initiated by Jean Gagnepain. This thesis considers female criminality by putting in prospect biology, psychopathology and sociology. Initially the specificity of female in the sexuation and sexuality is considered, then in the crime. The thesis is that the kinds female and male are structurally epicenes, and that the biological sexual difference is reintroduced conjoncturalement in the policy. The policy in the majority of the countries and civilizations except old Egypt and the Scandinavian countries, always registered the woman in situation of undervalued and strange, even of anybody incomplete. The construction of knowing about the female armature to analyze the anthropological conditions of the development. A census of the methods of construction of female in antiquity follows, through the myths and the social condition of the woman. This prospect allows a comparison of the determination of female, as weIl as masculine, and beyond the mythical and scientific modes of the anthropological determination. The second part proposes an analysis located in the institution al fascinating one charges the criminal woman of it. Institutional that Jean Gagnepain names modular capacity, gathering the didactic one, the therapeutic one and the legal one. The third and last part is devoted to the clinical illustrations of the assumptions
Goulet, Marie-Christine, und Marie-Christine Goulet. „La compulsion sexuelle chez des adultes agressés sexuellement en enfance : variations selon l'orientation sexuelle“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38694.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL’agression sexuelle en enfance (ASE) entraîne d’importantes répercussions négatives dans plusieurs sphères de la vie des victimes à l’âge adulte, y compris en matière de sexualité. Encore très peu de chercheurs ont examiné les variations de ces répercussions sexuelles en fonction de l’orientation sexuelle des victimes. Cette étude vise donc à mieux cerner la prévalence de l’ASE et l’une de ses conséquences, soit la compulsion sexuelle, chez des individus de différentes orientations sexuelles. L’échantillon comprend 2010 participants qui ont été recrutés dans la population générale et la communauté universitaire. Ces participants ont répondu à des questionnaires en ligne portant sur l’ASE et sur la compulsion sexuelle. Un test d’indépendance du khi carré, des corrélations de Pearson et une régression linéaire multiple incluant un terme d’interaction qui évalue si l’orientation sexuelle des participants modère la relation entre l’ASE et la compulsion sexuelle ont alors été effectués. Les résultats indiquent que la prévalence de l’ASE est significativement plus élevée chez les personnes bisexuelles comparativement aux personnes hétérosexuelles et que des scores supérieurs de compulsion sexuelle à l’âge adulte sont retrouvés chez les individus suite à une ASE, et ce, indépendamment de leur orientation sexuelle. Des scores plus élevés de compulsion sexuelle sont également présents chez les individus bisexuels comparativement aux personnes hétérosexuelles, et ce, indépendamment de l’ASE. Ainsi, ces résultats mettent en relief le rôle primordial de ce traumatisme sur l’apparition de certaines séquelles sexuelles chez les victimes à l’âge adulte. Ils permettent également de soulever l’importance du processus d’évaluation dans le traitement des problématiques d’ordre sexuel et de la pertinence de tenir compte de l’orientation sexuelle des individus ainsi que des problématiques et des besoins particuliers qui y sont associés, et ce, tant au plan clinique que de la recherche.
Dionne, Émilie. „Analyse de genre de l'expérience de la bonne santé mentale“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27186/27186.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuertin, Jakie. „Impact de la lipoprotéine(a) sur les maladies cardiovasculaires en fonction du sexe“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67773.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. CVD represents an important burden in women because clinical manifestations, mechanisms and risk factors for CVD may be different from those of men. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), similar to low density lipoprotein (LDL), is one of the genetic risk factors associated with CVD. Unfortunately, sex-specific studies of the impact of Lp(a) impact on CVD sex-specific are rare. Our hypotheses were that genetically elevated Lp(a) levels and plasma Lp(a) levels are associated with aortic stenosis (AS), ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary heart disease (CAD) in men and women, and the association between genetically-elevated Lp(a) plasma levels and each disease was independent of LDL plasma levels in men and women. Our results suggest that the association between Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of AS and CAD in men and women separately, but not for IS. The results of the association between genetically-elevated Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of these three diseases point in the same direction as the results of observational analyzes. Finally, we determined that there is a causal effect relationship between elevated concentration of Lp(a) and the risk of AS in women and AS and CAD in men regardless of LDL plasma levels. Together these results suggest that there is a causal relationship between high Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of AS and CAD for men and women. Our study shows that Lp(a)-lowering therapy could be useful in reducing CVD risk in both men and women with high Lp(a) levels.
Krier, Isabelle. „Différence des sexes et scepticisme chez Montaigne“. Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is indebted to recent works about gender, object of thought which is still not well-known in France. Why Montaigne ? Is his discourse on women a simple reflexion on the mentalities of the Renaissance or does it constitute an heterodoxy ? The difference of sexes acquires in the Essays a singular philosophical content. This originality cannot be understood if a deep link between these themes and modern scepticism is not taken into account. Montaigne approaches this problem as a part of the criticism of power. He questions the preconceived ideas. He writes a satire of the traditional authoritarian family. The change is considerable. It consists mainly on defending the freedom of the subject. For the sceptic, imagination plays a considerable role, in the light of the appartenance to a gender. Denouncing the power of scholars, Montaigne offers a new pedagogy which does not exclude females. The criticism of despotism leads to an economy of transmission and sharing. The Inquisition trials against the witches show abuses of reason and of politics. Montaigne opposes to them clemency. Generosity characterizes the sceptical ethics. It has the effect of liberating the marriage of hypocritical conventions. It is found in erotics as a form of respect of alterity. Are we capable today of hearing this urge to freedom without reducing it ?
Jarlégan, Annette. „La fabrication des différences : sexe et mathematiques à l'école élémentaire“. Dijon, 1999. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fc2869fe-f84d-4b59-9630-b8bea98e7c14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we shall examine the part played by school in the building up of gender-related differences in the learning of mathematics. We will first investigate whether at the end of the nineties, differences in performance or attitude can be detected in mathematics between girls and boys in primary school. Data reveal no difference in the first year of primary classes. Yet, in the second year of intermediate classes, girls differentiate from boys, both in terms of performance and attitude. Girls are clearly not doing so well as boys. This topic appeals less to them and they have less confidence in their own skills than boys. We shall then attempt to show how school-masters contribute to the building up of these differences via the expectations they develop of their pupils and the verbal communications exchanged with them during mathematics courses. Results show that in the second year of intermediate classes teachers' expectations differ in relation to their pupil's gender. Although teachers do consider that the results obtained by girls and boys are of comparable standard, they expect and perceive more careful attention and greater efforts from girls than from boys. They also expect that boys will surpass girls in their future results. As regards verbal communication exchanged during mathematics courses, differences can be found both quantitatively and qualitatively in the messages addressed to boys and to girls. For a comparable success record, boys will get more information, open questions and feed-back than girls. Materially, the former get greater assistance in carrying out their tasks. Boys themselves also promote greater communication exchanges with their teacher than girls do. Results as a whole show that at primary school, girls and boys are gradually being encouraged to have a different approach to mathematics
Wassouo, Emmanuel. „Représentations du leadership politique féminin et différences culturelles : comparaison entre la France et le Cameroun“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis was to understand why despite the real demographic, political and economic qualities of women, despite the regulatory and judicial measures, Cameroonians and French citizens adhere very little to female political leadership. This thesis suggests to apprehend electoral intentions and electoral behaviors using the 2013 municipal and legislative elections in Cameroun and the 2014 municipal elections in France. Hence we argued that cultural differences portrayed by the representations of female political leadership can allow for the identification of Cameroonian and French citizens’ behaviors with regards to the presence of women in political positions.Three empirical studies for Cameroun on one hand (N=338) and for France (N=310) on the other hand were conducted. The construction of the questionnaire was mainly inspired by two approaches, namely the theory of planned behavior by Ajzen and Fishben (1985) and the representation of female political leadership by Vergès (1992;1994).In the first study (Cameroun and France), we observed that voting intentions in favor of female political leadership were all the more high that the representations were positive towards female political leadership. Likewise, when the electorates showed a positive attitude towards female political leadership, they perceived it as strength and thus portrayed a favorable intention towards the female political leadership. Female gender stereotypes (e.g. warmth, accommodating, maternal) induced positive political leadership representations in Cameroun; unlike in France. In other words, these representations mediated the link between attitudes, stereotypes and voting intentions in favor of female political leadership whereas in France these representations mediated only the link between attitudes and voting intentions. The second study (Cameroun and France) used the same data as the Study 1. Here, we examined the variations of voting intentions in favor of female political leadership with regards to adherence to beliefs, cultural values and subjective norms. We observed that in France, when participants adhere strongly to beliefs and cultural values, their voting intentions tend to be favorable towards female political leadership. However, we did not observe a link between adherence to beliefs and cultural values and favorable voting intentions towards female political leadership with the Cameroonian participants. Concerning Cameroonians, the representation of female political leadership was all the more favorable when they adhered strongly to beliefs and cultural values. With reference to the French participants, female political leadership did not vary significantly in function of their adhesion to beliefs and cultural values. In Cameroun as well as in France, when participants attributed importance to the viewpoints of people who are considered as experts in women political leadership and are motivated to conform to it, their voting intentions in favor of female political leadership was high. The results from this study also revealed that adhering to beliefs and cultural values as well as subjective norms was not mediated by the representations of female political leadership.The third study evaluated voting intentions in favor of female political leadership in relation to perceived behavioral control. We then examined the interaction between perceived behavioral control and electoral experience. The results were not conclusive for the two samples (France, Cameroun).Finally, the global model (Cameroun and France) was tested simultaneously with all variables of the three studies. The final conceptual model for Cameroun was confirmed by the results of the analysis. This model fitted with the data collected and proved to be the most parsimonious than the French model. These results conveyed an interesting contribution to the research and were discussed in light of existing theoretical knowledge
Tremblay-Breault, Martin. „Portrait évolutif et comparatif de la mobilité quotidienne des hommes et des femmes de la région urbaine de Québec : des changements entre 1996 et 2006?“ Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30189/30189.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBérubé, Audrey-Jade. „La sélection d'habitat dépendante de la densité varie entre les mâles et les femelles chez l’éléphant d’Afrique (Loxodonta africana)“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67948.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increase in anthropogenic activities has negative effects on the conservation of large mammals and their environment in protected areas, and the management of large herbivores in small reserves is particularly challenging. Indeed, the reduction of humananimal conflicts in reserves often generally results in the increase of large herbivore populations, with significant impacts on habitat quality and those impacts are generally exacerbated in small and confined reserves. Habitat selection is recognized as a complex process involving a response to multiple environmental features that can vary between sexes and with population density. Yet there is still limited empirical evidence of males and females displaying different patterns of density-dependent habitat selection. My project demonstrates that the spatial response of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) to human-related habitat features varied with population size, and that density-dependent adjustments differed between sexes and seasons. Habitat selection analysis was based on an 11-year monitoring of GPS-collared elephants in Ithala Game reserve, South Africa. Globally, Ithala elephants selected areas with abundant woody vegetation and close to water and tended to avoid areas with steep slopes. Our analyses also revealed that, without discriminating between sexes and accounting for conspecific density, the conclusion would have been simply that elephants typically select human-related habitat features. We show, however, that males had a stronger selection for both infrastructures and areas close to roads and fences compared to females which avoided infrastructures all year long and areas close to fences in the wet season. With an increase in population density, males also increased more strongly than females their selection of these three human-related habitat features. My study demonstrates that females and males differ in their habitat selection, a trend that could be exacerbate by an increase in population density. Therefore, considering variations in habitat selection between sexes and with conspecific density can help prevent faulty conclusions on the interaction between an animal and its environment, and help develop more effective management tools, for example relocation of certain males whose habitat selection might increase human-wildlife conflicts.
Colas-Bucco, Delphine. „Femmes et criminalité : approche sociologique de la construction identitaire“. Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEach of us may know own identity owing to his/her identity card or professionnal position. As we exist, we are able to introduce ourselves. But how does this polymorphous identity concept build up ? Through the stories of 5 years of life-convicted women, we study their reidentification processes. Relying on these women's life experiences we try to understand the way they regard the story of their lives. To achieve this we met eight women in the utmost frame of the Prison for Women in Rennes and collected their stories. These lifestories hightlight the way they deal with their identities as they are in jail and lead us to a couple of questions : Does being in jail modify their relation to their own identity ? Which identity changes occur during their imprisonment ?
Niçaise, Virginie. „Les feedback de l’enseignant-e en EPS : perceptions des élèves et observation : différences filles-garçons et effets sur les réponses psychologiques et sur la performance“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral dissertation focused on students’ perceptions of physical education (PE) teacher’s feedback. The cognitive mediational models of instruction suggest that student cognitions must be examined to better understand the effects of teacher’s feedback on the psychological responses and performance. The aim was to explore whether these perceptions are gender differentiated whatever student’s PE level. Several moderator variables have been investigated such as teacher’s gender, physical activity, gender composition of the class and student’s PE level. Otherwise, observations of PE teacher were realized with 37 lessons. Five studies involving near to 1000 high school students were carried out. We measured girls’ and boys’ perceptions of PE teacher’s behaviours, teacher’s behaviours toward them and the congruency between the two measures
Loaiza, Mejia Maria Fernanda. „Etude sur le phallocentrisme chez Jacques Lacan entre les années 1950 et 1963“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFortin, Marc-Philippe. „L'influence des proches dans la demande d'aide formelle des hommes en difficulté“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllore, Tatiana. „Associations entre les caractéristiques physiques et nutritionnelles et les concentrations circulantes de caroténoïdes chez les hommes et les femmes“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31687.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdherence to nutritional recommendations is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle and preventing chronic diseases. However, health professionals consider the evaluation of eating habits to be a challenge given the potential biases of dietary questionnaires which are frequently based on self-reported data. Circulating carotenoid concentrations, which are considered reliable biomarkers of dietary carotenoid intake as well as of fruits and vegetables consumption, are often used in the validation of dietary assessment tools. However, our group demonstrated the presence of a sex difference in circulating carotenoids as women have been reported to display higher concentrations compared to men. Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify determinants of plasma carotenoid concentrations. We compiled data from men and women enrolled in a series of fully-controlled dietary interventions we conducted in recent years. This data allowed us to evaluate the physical and metabolic determinants, beyond fruit and vegetable intake, which predicted circulating carotenoid concentrations in men and women. and determined the contribution of various physical and metabolic determinants to circulating carotenoids in men and women. We found that body weight and circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations contribute to the difference in circulating carotenoid concentrations noted between men and women. Our results suggest that variations in physical characteristics and the plasma lipid profile should be taken into account when using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of food intake in men and women.
Stéfan, Théo, und Théo Stéfan. „Caractérisation chez l'humain de l'expression de différents gènes et fonctions biologiques associés à la dépression et signatures transcriptionnelles spécifiques au sexe à l'aide de différents modèles animaux“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe trouble majeur de la dépression est un des troubles de santé mentale les plus fréquents dans la société d’aujourd’hui avec plus de 350 millions de personnes atteintes dans le monde. Malgré la présence de différents types de traitement, comme les antidépresseurs ou les thérapies comportementales, les causes de ce trouble ne sont pas encore complètement élucidées. Les lacunes concernant la compréhension de cette pathologie se trouve plus particulièrement au niveau de ses fondements génétiques. A partir d’un grand échantillon de 267 sujets atteints de la dépression, de 286 sujets témoins ainsi que de trois modèles animaux, la présente étude a pour objectif de mettre en évidence différents gènes et fonctions associés de façon significative à cette maladie et de caractériser les différences transcriptionnelles spécifiques au sexe. Pour ce faire, deux grandes étapes composent ce projet. Une analyse de gènes différentiellement exprimés ainsi qu’une de modules de gènes Eigengenes, toutes deux effectuées sur l’humain et sur les modèles animaux. Les résultats ont mis en exergue plusieurs gènes associés à la dépression et partagés entre l’humain et les modèles animaux. Il semblerait que le modèle animal qui reproduit le plus les observations chez l’humain soit celui de l’isolation sociale. De plus, plusieurs fonctions biologiques pertinentes avec la caractérisation du trouble étudié ont été identifiées. Par surcroît, les modules de gènes associés à la dépression chez les femelles étaient en plus grand nombre que chez les mâles et cette observation est bien reproduite dans le modèle du stress variable chronique de l’animal. Cette étude a donc permis une amélioration des connaissances concernant la génétique de la dépression. Il en ressort que les modèles animaux utilisés dans cette étude permettent de bien de reproduire un état dépressif chez l’animal.
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental health disorder in modern society affecting more than 350 million people worldwide. While different types of treatment are available, such as antidepressants or behavioural therapies, causes of this disorder are not yet fully understood. A better comprehension of its genetic basis could fulfil the gaps. From a large sample of 267 subjects with depression, 286 control subjects and three animal models, this study aims to identify different genes and functions significantly associated with this disorder and to characterize sex-specific transcriptional differences. This project splits in two major steps: a differentially expressed genes analysis and a gene modules analysis using Eigengenes, both performed on humans and animal models. Results highlight several genes shared between humans and animal models. The animal model that seems to better reproduce the effects observed in humans is that of social isolation. In addition, several biological functions appear to be relevant to major depressive disorder characterization. Furthermore, gene modules associated with depression are more numerous in females than in males and this observation is reproduced in the animal’s chronic variable stress model. This study therefore enhanced knowledge about depression’s genetics and shows that animal models can be effectively used to reproduce a depressive state in animals.
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental health disorder in modern society affecting more than 350 million people worldwide. While different types of treatment are available, such as antidepressants or behavioural therapies, causes of this disorder are not yet fully understood. A better comprehension of its genetic basis could fulfil the gaps. From a large sample of 267 subjects with depression, 286 control subjects and three animal models, this study aims to identify different genes and functions significantly associated with this disorder and to characterize sex-specific transcriptional differences. This project splits in two major steps: a differentially expressed genes analysis and a gene modules analysis using Eigengenes, both performed on humans and animal models. Results highlight several genes shared between humans and animal models. The animal model that seems to better reproduce the effects observed in humans is that of social isolation. In addition, several biological functions appear to be relevant to major depressive disorder characterization. Furthermore, gene modules associated with depression are more numerous in females than in males and this observation is reproduced in the animal’s chronic variable stress model. This study therefore enhanced knowledge about depression’s genetics and shows that animal models can be effectively used to reproduce a depressive state in animals.
Danel, Laurence. „Hormones sexuelles, système immunitaire et hémopathies malignes“. Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNiedzwiecki, Patricia. „Théâtralité des parlers et des comportements féminins et masculins“. Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe 1st part of this 2nd phd about "women's" and men's language" (the very 1st one dating from april '85 mainly dealing with analysing 13 taped conversation groups all female-all male, mixed - in english & dutch & french, univ. Paris 7) is partly based on some of the results of my 1st study "phenomenology of women's language"). It also examins sexism in speech & behaviour, gender, sex, feminity, masculinity, but from a more literary point of view, since it does not use any taped material but written documents. The 2nd part consists of a code of practice for the correct use of female language forms, which could be applied to virtually all languages, since it is clear there is no shere linguistic reason for ingoring female language forms other than biases. Indeed, through analysing the principles of femininity & masculinity, one comes to realise how fabricated our images of the world are, from infancy onward. Deciphering etymology also makes clear that our symbolic representations of life can easily be altered by bad habits. At the outset of life on earth, the powerful sun seems to have been feminine, and the moon masculine, whereas in the 17th cy, english & other european grammarians imposed their own masculine ideas puon society, so that the sun became masculine, and the moon feminine. The same probably happened to female & male voice pitches & behavioural patterns. But how feminine & or masculine are women's & men's speech & behaviour? This study mainly focuses on such question
Benoit, Pierre. „La personne du père : anthropologie et ontologie fondamentales de la paternité“. Lyon 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO31004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe father is the male parent, the mother's husband. After showing three successive contradictions: (1) Aristoteles naturalism, (2) the culturalism of gender theories (feminism and cultural anthropology), (3) the institutionalism of psychanalysis inspired theories (Legendre), we are led to a renewed analysis of fatherhood through an ontological approach. We then demonstrate that the parenthood can be defined as the origin of the child, in an ontological sense (Siewerth). In order to answer Sartre's objection, we then specify that parenthood, as an origin, is a form of communion (Fessard) and wisdom, which involves radical responsibility (Kant, Jonas, Lévinas, Péguy). The father can then be defined as a CO-origin in communion with the mother. We then show that marriage is the principle and the adequate structure of fatherhood and the "communional" family. From the above starting principle, we also demonstrate that the father is the male parent. We then criticize such personnalism by denouncing the father biopower (Agamben, Foucault) and by putting forward radical queer objections (Butler). In order to overcoming such objections, we are thus forced to seek the foundation of fatherhood beyond the human condition and look for conditions witch make communional fatherhood possible in transcendental ontological tenus. Our thesis then stumbles on the patriarchal aporia of divine analogy (Thomas of Aquinas) and opens the way to a perception of fatherhood based on a catalogical approach (Weil, Stein, Péguy) in keeping with communional, Trinity based monotheism
Hourbette, Danièle. „Genre et usages des technologies de l'information et de la communication : une étude de cas : une école d'ingénieur en agronomie“. Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere have been a number of studies which have looked at the relationships between gender and use of information and communication technologies (ICT). However, few have investigated this in the educational context in France. The study presented in this Ph. D. Dissertation has an exploratory aspect. It’s origins are threefold; studies about ICT use in educational contexts, French conceptualisation of gender, conceived in part as a result of gender roles and relations, and in part as a continuum where people locate themselves between the two poles of masculinity and the feminity. A longitudinal case study was conducted in a Graduate Institute in Science and Engineering using on line questionnaires, face-to-face and computer mediated interviews, and analyses of students' websites and blogs The contrast between students' statement about their trajectories of usage and the skills developed by learning and practical experience, and their stated uses and observed products, revealed a gap. This could be explained with regard to gender roles and relationships, the gender-based attributions, and indications of a phenomena related to dependance / independance on them. Although these students are enrolled on scientific degree courses, it appears that their gendered social identity strongly influenced their skills, in relation to the paths their lives have taken, strongly marked by gender norms. Nevertheless, ICT use associated with artistic skills and hobbies allows girls to develop compentencies in different spheres to boys, which favour activites in the masculine domain of video games and ICT in the educational context
El, Mtili Ahmed. „Dysmorphesthésie et corps sexué : étude théorico-clinique“. Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe notion of dysmorphesthesid (ajuriaguerra,1974) appears more appropriate than that of dysmorphophobia in order to approach the question of self aesthetic body depreciation. After an historic detailed study of this notion,it is about the dysmorphesthesic symptom as a fear of not being loved by the other sex,especially among the adolescent (2nd part), and the question of two principals symptomtic localisations (nasal dysmorphesthesia and phallic dysmorphesthesia) (3d part). The body ugliness problamatic refers to the fear of not being enough feminin or virile in other to please to the other sex, and marks insufficient integration of body sexuation to its aesthetic image
Shanoor, Salime Nazaraly. „Effets différentiels de la chirurgie bariatrique sur la composition corporelle, la distribution du tissu adipeux et la résolution des comorbidités entre les hommes et les femmes“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33313.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObesity is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence. Several comorbidities are associated with obesity such as systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, stroke, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. The risk of these diseases increases with the severity of obesity and may even result in death. Indeed, development of these comorbidities can be attributed to excessive accumulation and distribution of adipose tissue, as well as ectopic adipose tissue deposition. Distribution of adipose tissue happens in a different manner in both sexes and acts as a determining factor in the predisposition to health risks in severely obese men and severely obese premenopausal women. Knowing that consequences of obesity are multiple, it is therefore necessary to manage and treat this disease appropriately. Management of obesity includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological as well as surgical approaches. In the context of severe obesity, bariatric surgery is the only treatment which allows both significant and sustained weight loss in addition to resolution of obesity related comorbidities. The first aim of this study was to assess the differences between severely obese men and women, in body composition, abdomen and mid-thigh body fat distribution and presence of comorbidities, such as systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea. The second aim was to compare between men and women, the 6 and 12-month postoperative evolution of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) bariatric surgery, in terms of weight loss, body fat mobilization and resolution of the mentioned comorbidities. Our study results showed that 12 months following BPD-DS, there was no differences between men and women in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. However, men benefited from a greater decrease in body fat and in adipose tissue at both abdomen and mid-thigh level.
Vu, Olivia. „L’expérience conjugale des beaux-pères et des belles-mères en famille recomposée : un portrait systémique“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66600.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on issues related to the conjugal experience of stepfathers and mothers-in-law. Although the literature on family transitions is relatively rich and diverse,there appears to be little research into the perception of step-parents in relation to their conjugal experience; how does the feeling of love form in their relationship, how do they construct conjugal boundaries and family rules within stepfamilies’ sub-systems, what impacts do communication skills and role sharing have on their conjugal experience, and are there any difference or similarity between the experience of stepfathers and stepmothers? To address these shortcomings, this study used a qualitative methodology to investigate the stepparents’ subjective experience of their conjugal relations inside a stepfamily’s structure.Six men and six women living or having lived in a blended family underwent a semistructured individual interview. The results suggest that conjugal experience is intrinsically linked to the way boundaries between the different subsystems of a blended family are determined. For instance, the conjugal experience is more positive for step-parents whose conjugal boundaries are defined. These stepparents maintain a stronger feeling of love, feel more legitimacy in the role they play within the family and put in place strategies that allow them to better regulate their expectations about the relationship they build with all family members.Finally, the results suggest that the conjugal experience of stepfathers and stepmothers is similar in terms of gender.
Galouzis, Charalampos Chrysovalantis. „Trans-homolog interaction of yellow controls its sex-biased expression pattern in the wing of Drosophila biarmipes“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSex-specific differences in morphology, behavior, and physiology are widespread in the animal kingdom, shaping a phenomenon called sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism is largely attributed to sex-biased gene expression, which, in turn, is controlled by the sex-determination hierarchies. The molecular details underlying the interaction between these hierarchies and genes that display sex-biased expression remains elusive. Here I explore the genetic basis of a male-biased expression pattern of the X-linked pigmentation gene, yellow. yellow expression prefigures a male-biased adult pigmentation pattern in Drosophila biarmipes. Using transgenes containing yellow, I show that regulatory interactions between yellow homologous alleles silence its expression in females. Furthermore, inserting these transgenes at homologous positions on autosomes recapitulates, in either sex, the homologous-dependent silencing. This silencing necessitates the intron of yellow as well as an enhancer located on the 5’ of it. Performing and RNAi screen identifies the architectural protein Mod(mdg4) as an essential component of the homologous-dependent silencing. Additionally, I show that Mod(mdg4) is required for the sex-biased expression of some X-linked genes in Drosophila melanogaster brains. These results suggest that trans-homolog interactions regulate sex-biased X-linked genes, independently of the canonical sex-determination hierarchy. More generally, they illustrate the biological relevance of homologous chromosome pairing and trans-homolog interactions in the context of sex-biased gene expression
Gosselin, Lucie. „Intersexualité : des sexes en question dans les sociétés occidentales“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28916/28916.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMespoulet, Valérie. „Femmes et espace social : un état de la question à Taïwan : des structures sociales traditionnelles aux changements récents : quelle appropriation légitime de cet espace par les Taïwanaises contemporaines ?“ Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmolik, Henri-Jacques. „Effets de bruits à caractère impulsionnel sur la fonction cardiovasculaire et sur les potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces chez l'homme : différences interindividuelles liées a l'âge, au sexe et a la personnalité“. Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTomc, Sandra. „Approche interactionnelle de la différenciation sexuelle dans la conversation parents-adolescents“. Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research in sciences ofthe language tends to show how the linguistic pragma- and the analysis ofthe psycho socio discursivity are articulated to describe the interaction parents - teenager according to the sex. To choose an interdisciplinary approach to approach the field of the conversational analysis, means that the interactions are studied on two levels, the first being that ofthe forms and contents (by the means ofthe hierarchical model of the verbal interactions, proposed by the School of Geneva. In the Eighties); as for the second, it is about an analysis of the communication with a report/ratio with identity (RPSD). Any linguistic production is identity production. Each speech is standpoint on what one will say, at the place and time of the stating and on the listener
Nahon, Claire Laurence. „Destins et figurations du sexuel dans la culture : pour une théorie de la trans-sexualité“. Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRegarding the dream model elaborated by Freud, this thesis considers the latest figurations of sexuality in the psychoanalytical field as well as in our so-called post-modern culture, with its characteristic discourse on the politics of gender and sexuality. In the analytic field, the unconscious meaning of infantile sexuality is being lost as it is conflated with genitality and then opposed to narcissism. Such a sexological behaviourism reinforces the splitting of sex and gender at the heart of transsexual thought, one which excludes animism. Because of their striking embodiment of sexual difference, so-called transsexuals disturb visual perception and destabilize pre-established ideas of gender, obliging us to emancipate ourselves from thinking in dualistic terms. Thus, we can renew the transgressive nature of auto-erotic sexuality and its dream figures. This is the trans-sexuality that characterizes all psychopathological formations
Mylona, Eleana. „La langue maternelle comme articulateur de l'intrapsychique et de l'interpsychique : L'intraité du langage“. Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work propose and examines the hypothesis of the mother tongue as an articulator of the intrapsychic and interpsychic functioning, of the subject to the other. Having to answerer to the universal question: where do cornes the language, "where do cornes the psychic: from inside or from outside?" after un epistemological study, we propose their articulation by the mother tongue. In that way we treat the priority of the intrapsychic or the interpsychic fonctioning by their articulation. With the concept of the representation we do make a link via the object's representation and the identification. We figure this passage from the primary to the oedipal object by the primary mother tongue who becomes oedipal mother tongue. Consequently we bring up the femininity and the mother aspect of the body experience, having already finded the language on it's sensitivity's basement. The mother tongue has a fondamental articulating function, de cheville, psychosomatic firstly, then intrasystem et intersystem. In this case the mother tongue takes in charge the intrication of the drives, or even more the reintrication. In that way, except that it defines topically the trauma, it contains the mother's tongue's nuclear untreated and not treatable, the dead mater. The object creates a bridge with thé other and the interpsychic functioning and that is why we examine the language of the object in the transference and the analyst's as well as the patient's language. The subject's free creation becomes the analyst's free listening and interpretation. Having it's roots in the mother tongue, the interpretation becomes here the figuration of the subjectivation par excellence
Vuillod, Marielle. „Actualité de l’hystérie et de la névrose obsessionnelle : le sexe et la différence, perspectives psychanalytique et psychiatrique“. Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat is hysteria today, and its dialect, obsessional neurosis, since its paradigmatic definition that allowed S. Freud to conceptualize the psychoanalytic theory and method, until its withdrawal in current psychiatric trends ? We have compared psychiatric and psychoanalytical diagnoses of twenty-one patients (men and women) suffering from hysterical or obsessional symptoms. This confrontation illustrates the durability of hysteria neurosis and obsessional neurosis among different psychoanalytical organizations, neurosis, borderline and narcissistic, and its disappearance into the DSM where hysterical patients are located with depressive or anxious disorders and obsessional personality disorder, and obsessional patients are located with anxious disorders. Only two men among twelve hysterical patients are diagnosed with hysterical personality disorder and only two men among five obsessional patients are diagnosed with obsessional personality disorder. Our methodology combines psychiatric tests (MINI and SCID II) and projective tests (Rorschach and TAT). The exploration of the intrapsychic functioning shows that feminine within psychic bisexuality is a crucial problematic for these patients that corresponds to a fragile sexual identificatory position. For the female and male patients, the fight against feminine is dominant within neurosis organizations, where it is rather a refusal of feminine within borderline organizations, and a deny of feminine within narcissistic organizations. Associated to a lively œdipian complex, the seduction fantasies are fantazised in both active and passive positions. The symptomatic corporal issue in hysteria, within conversion or somatization symptoms, shows this fight among women while it is rather a triumph of passivity among men