Thematische Bibliographien / Lead glaze

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Lead glaze“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Lead glaze"

Qu, Liang, Xinqiang Zhang, Hongying Duan, Rui Zhang, Guanghua Li und Yong Lei. „The application of LIBS and other techniques on Chinese low temperature glaze“. MRS Advances 2, Nr. 39-40 (2017): 2081–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.85.

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ABSTRACT The focus of this paper is on analysis, comparison and research on the colorful low-temperature, lead-containing overglazes on glazed porcelain body and on the enamel glazes on the metal body of the Qing Dynasty by adopting several analytical methods. Analysis and tests on the element, boron in overglaze on glazed porcelain body and enamel glaze on metal body, were performed using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the results showed that Cloisonné enamel, painted enamel and Falangcai samples contained boron, while Famille Rose (Fencai) samples did not contain boron. Meanwhile, such analysis methods as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXRF), Micro-Raman, stereomicroscope and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to test and observe the element composition, crystal composition and microstructure of the samples. The results illustrated that matrix glaze of Cloisonné enamel, painted enamel and Falangcai was the same. The yellow glaze was a lead-alkali glass and other color glazes were boron-lead-alkali glass, while all color glazes of Famille Rose were lead-alkali glass. Colorful low-temperature overglaze on glazed porcelain body and enamel glaze on metal body had a common practice and technology in the use of opacifiers and colorants. Compared to painted enamel, the painting technique of Famille Rose was more complicated, and effect was apparently praised as being superior.

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Pérez-Arantegui, Josefina, und Paz Marzo. „Characterization of Islamic Ceramic Production Techniques in Northeast Iberian Peninsula: The Case of Medieval Albarracin (Spain)“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 16 (05.08.2021): 7212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167212.

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Ceramic objects found in the Islamic Taifa of Albarracin (Spain), 12th century CE, were studied to ascertain the main characteristics and influences of its manufacture. Production centers even from small kingdoms can add new insights in medieval ceramic technology. Several types of decorated ceramics, such as tin-opacified glazed, monochrome glazed and cuerda seca, were investigated. Ceramic bodies were analyzed by ICP-Optical Emission Spectrometry, and glazes were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry. All the ceramic bodies showed the use of Ca-rich pastes, although three groups could be distinguished and related to their decoration. Lead and silicon were the main components of the glazes, as well as scattered tin oxide in the case of white or green opacified glazes. Some features, such as calcareous bodies, double firing for tin-opacified glazes, glaze components, and coloring oxides, were common in Albarracin samples and other Islamic production centers in the Iberian Peninsula. However, some differences were also highlighted in lead/silica proportions and cuerda seca decoration, and several influences from northern or southern pottery centers. Lead isotope ratios, measured by ICP-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, revealed two different sources or suppliers of lead raw materials according to the type of glaze to be prepared.

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Damjanovic-Vasilic, Ljiljana, Vesna Bikic, Srna Stojanovic, Danica Bajuk-Bogdanovic, Djurdjija Dzodan und Slavko Mentus. „Application of analytical techniques to the unveiling of the glazing technology of medieval pottery from the Belgrade Fortress“. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, Nr. 10 (2020): 1329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200401036d.

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Medieval glazed ceramics, dated to the early 15th century, excavated at the Belgrade Fortress, Serbia, were investigated by combining optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), micro-Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. The decoration and style of the investigated ceramics were characteristic of workshops from different areas of the medieval Serbian State: Ras, Krusevac and Belgrade/Smederevo. Comparison was made with ceramic samples from the same period excavated at the Studenica Monastery, the hitherto earliest workshop discovered, which were used as reference material for the Ras area. Ceramics from the Belgrade Fortress were covered with a transparent, lead-based glaze. The majority of the glazes were produced by application of mixture of lead oxide and quartz to the clay body, whereas only two samples were glazed by application of lead oxide by itself. The brown colours of the glaze originated from Fe-based spinel, whereas copper and iron were responsible for the colouring of the green and yellow glazes. The obtained results revealed glazing technology taken from Byzantine tradition.

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Hallett, Jessica R., Michael Thompson, Edward J. Keall und Robert B. Mason. „Archaeometry of medieval Islamic glazed ceramics from North Yemen“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, Nr. 2 (01.02.1988): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-045.

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Microscopic examination and electron microprobe analysis were employed to determine the materials and techniques used to decorate ten glazed types of medieval Islamic ceramics from North Yemen. Eight types were underglaze-painted, one was slip-painted, and one was monochrome glazed. The glazes were of two compositions, soda–silica and lead oxide – silica with annealing temperatures of approximately 835 and 640 °C, respectively. The colourants used in the glazes and paints were cobalt (blue), iron (green), copper (green and blue), and antimony (yellow). Where clay slips or slip-paints were present, alumina enrichment of the glaze had occurred during application or firing, and pigment-paints on top of slip grounds masked enrichment. The Mellor ratio for the lead glazes ranges from 0.68 to 0.74 and is well above the acceptable safety limit of 0.5.

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Camara, Carlos Andrés, María José Gonçalves, José Antonio Paulo Mirão, Susana Gómez Martínez und Massimo Beltrame. „High-Lead Glazed Ceramic Production in Western Iberia (Gharb al-Andalus) between the 10th and Mid-13th Centuries: An Approach from the City of Évora (Portugal)“. Ceramics 6, Nr. 4 (15.11.2023): 2213–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6040135.

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In the present study an archaeometry programme has been developed on a limited number of coarse wares, monochrome, and bichrome glazed ceramics retrieved in the cities of Évora, Mértola, and Silves, located in Western Iberia, Portugal (Gharb al-Andalus during the Islamic period). The goals were to shed light on glazed ceramics provenance, technology, trading, and on the glaze technology applied. For this purpose, a multi-analytical approach was employed to characterize ceramic pastes and glazes using optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and a Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS). Results evidenced that over the Islamic rule, coarse wares were locally produced at Évora. On the contrary, monochrome and bichrome glazed ceramics were imported from the city of Silves, Mértola, and from unidentified workshops, probably located in southern Iberia. The analysis of decorations evidenced that despite the provenance of the samples, the glaze technology applied was rather uniform over time, depicting a widespread technological transfer in the al-Andalus.

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Jones, Donald E., Mario Covarrubias Pérez, Bret Ericson, Daniel Estrada Sánchez, Sandra Gualtero, Andrea Smith-Jones und Jack Caravanos. „Childhood Blood Lead Reductions Following Removal of Leaded Ceramic Glazes in Artisanal Pottery Production: A Success Story“. Journal of Health and Pollution 3, Nr. 4 (01.01.2013): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-3.4.23.

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Background. Lead exposure within artisanal ceramics workshop communities in Mexico continues to be a major source of childhood lead poisoning. Artisanal ceramics workshops expose children through direct ingestion, contaminated soil, and food prepared in lead-glazed pottery. Conversion to non-lead glazes alone may not effectively reduce exposure. This paper describes a model comprehensive intervention and environmental remediation of an artisanal ceramics workshop in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Objectives. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental interventions—including removal of lead-contaminated equipment, soil and pottery—on childhood blood lead levels. Methods. A typical artisanal workshop using lead glaze was identified and assessed for lead contamination. Baseline blood lead levels (BLL) were taken from 5 children inhabiting the workshop prior to remediation. Follow-up paired BLL were taken 3- and 12-months post-remediation and results compared. Results. A mean 54% decrease in BLL within 3 months of remediation and a 57% decrease within 1 year was observed. Conclusions. This project shows the effectiveness of environmental lead remediation at artisanal Mexican ceramics workshops for purposes of sustained BLL reductions. Application of the methods presented in this paper to other ceramics workshops using lead glaze in central Mexico will likely help to further reduce childhood lead poisoning.

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Santarelli, Brunella, David Killick und Sheila Goff. „Technological Behavior in the Southwest: Pueblo I Lead Glaze Paints from the Upper San Juan Region“. MRS Proceedings 1656 (21.08.2014): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.813.

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ABSTRACTAlthough widely employed in Eurasia, lead glazes were produced in only two small regions of the Americas prior to European contact, both in the Southwest. Southwestern glaze paints are unique in that they developed as decorative elements instead of as protective surface coatings. The first independent invention of glaze paints was in the Upper San Juan region of southwestern Colorado during the early Pueblo I period (ca. 700-850 CE). Despite recent interest in the later Pueblo IV glaze paints of New Mexico (ca. 1275-1700 CE), there have been no technological analyses of the Pueblo I glaze paints. This research project presents the first analysis and technological reconstruction of the Pueblo I glaze paints. It is in the production of the glaze paints that the potters were innovating and experimenting with materials. These early glaze paints have the potential to provide important information regarding both technology of production as well as the relationships and interactions of potters during this period in the Upper San Juan region. Preliminary results reveal a pattern of traits that involves raw materials, processing, properties and performance of the final product suggesting the existence of a patterned technological behavior.

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Röhrs, Stefan, Alexandra Dumazet, Katharina Kuntz und Ute Franke. „Bodies and Glazes of Architectural Ceramics from the Ilkhanid Period at Takht-e Soleyman (North-Western Iran)“. Minerals 12, Nr. 2 (27.01.2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020158.

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Bodies and glazes of tiles from the Ilkhanid period found at the UNESCO World Heritage site of Takht-e Soleyman were studied to identify materials and certain technical characteristics of the architectural ceramics as part of a larger project to establish different productions. In addition, ceramic vessels and technical ceramics excavated at the site were analysed for comparison. µXRF, SEM/EDX, and Raman spectroscopy were used for the material investigations. Qualitative non-invasive µXRF results allowed for categorisation of the glazes and ceramic bodies based on their overall composition. Quantitative analysis by SEM/EDX on a subset of the samples delivered detailed results on the bodies and glazes. Tiles, made from clay or stonepaste, were almost exclusively decorated with a mixed alkaline lead glaze. The PbO content of this type of glaze ranged from 8 wt% to 25 wt%. The clay bodies of some tiles corresponded to the material of the locally used kiln furniture. Moreover, glaze residues preserved on the kiln furniture proved to be from a mixed lead alkaline glaze with a PbO content of 15 wt% to 25 wt%, a composition that is comparable to the tiles’ glazes. For more insights into the local or regional production of the tiles, supplementary in-depth studies including petrographic analysis would be needed to confirm and further specify the results.

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Owen, J. Victor, Erin Adlakha und Delaney Carter. „Crawling Glazes on Mid-Century Modern Maritime Canadian Studio Pottery: Shared or Re-Created?“ Material Culture Review 96 (31.01.2024): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1109047ar.

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<p>This paper presents compositional data for crawling glazes made by prominent studio potters in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia during the mid-20th century (Erica and Kjeld Deichmann, Eleanor and Foster Beveridge, and Carrie Mackenzie) with the objective of (1) identifying key glaze ingredients, and (2) determining whether glaze recipes were shared by these potters, or if the glaze produced by one (likely the Deichmanns) inspired others to re-create it. Crawling glazes are those that retract during firing, creating “islands”. They commonly have unusual compositions (e.g., high alumina contents) to ensure a high viscosity and surface tension, but crawling can also be triggered by treating the ceramic surface to minimize adhesion with the glaze prior to firing. The Deichmanns used different formulae to produce their signature “Snow on the Mountain” (SOTM) crawling glaze used on redware versus stoneware. Three of four of their analysed glazes are magnesian owing to the use of magnesium carbonate (the mineral magnesite); the fourth is highly potassic and calcic (suggesting the use of “pearl ash” and “whiting”) and less aluminous. The Beveridges’ counterpart, though visually-similar, has a distinct composition, and calcium-magnesium carbonate (dolomite) was used instead of magnesite. Crawling was ensured in most samples by high alumina contents. Mackenzie’s glaze is visually distinct (i.e., is brown, not white) and has very high lead and low alumina, lime and magnesia contents. Crawling in it and in the single low-alumina Deichmann glaze is attributed devolatilization of carbonate minerals, thick application and/or pre-glazing surface treatment. The analytical data suggest that the Deichmanns did not share specific details of their SOTM glaze formulae with the Beveridges, who evidently sought to re-create them. Mackenzie formulated a distinct crawling glaze, but also made knobbed wares likely inspired by the Deichmanns’ well-known “Kish” bowls.</p>

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Coentro, Susana, Rui C. da Silva, Cátia Relvas, Teresa Ferreira, José Mirão, Alfonso Pleguezuelo, Rui Trindade und Vânia S. F. Muralha. „Mineralogical Characterization of Hispano-Moresque Glazes: A µ-Raman and Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) Study“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, Nr. 3 (Juni 2018): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618000338.

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AbstractThis work explores the combination of µ-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) for the study of the glazes in 15th–16th century Hispano-Moresque architectural tiles. These are high lead glazes that can be tin-opacified or transparent, and present five colors: tin-white, cobalt-blue, copper-green, iron-amber, and manganese-brown. They are generally homogenous and mineral inclusions are mostly concentrated in the glaze-ceramic interface. Through SEM-EDS, these inclusions were observed and chemically analyzed, whereas µ-Raman allowed their identification on a molecular level. K-feldspars, wollastonite and diopside were the most common compounds, as well as cassiterite agglomerates that render the glaze opaque. Malayaite was identified in green glazes, and andradite and magnesioferrite in amber glazes. Co–Ni–ferrites were identified in blue glazes, as well as Ni–Fe–olivines. Manganese-brown is the color where most compounds were identified: bustamite, jacobsite, hausmannite, braunite, and kentrolite. Through the µ-Raman analysis of different areas in large inclusions previously observed by SEM, it was possible to identify intermediate phases that illustrate the reaction process that occurs between the color-conferring compounds and the surrounding lead glaze. Furthermore, the obtained results allowed inference of the raw materials and firing temperatures used on the manufacture of these tiles.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Lead glaze"

Thibodeau, Alyson Marie. „Isotopic Evidence for the Provenance of Turquoise, Mineral Paints, and Metals in the Southwestern United States“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243111.

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Lead and strontium isotopes are two powerful tracers that can be used to identify or constrain the provenance of a wide range of archaeological materials, but these two isotopic tracers have been rarely employed to infer the sources of artifacts in the southwestern USA. This dissertation contains four studies that demonstrate how these isotopic systems can address questions about the sources of three types of archaeological materials found in this region: turquoise, lead-based glaze-paints, and metals. The analysis of 116 samples of turquoise from 17 deposits in the southwestern USA reveals that lead and strontium isotopes are robust and sensitive tracers of turquoise at multiple scales. Isotopic variation among turquoise deposits correlates with broad regional differences in the geologic and tectonic setting of the rocks and mineral deposits which host turquoise mineralization. Many turquoise deposits also have unique isotopic signatures that will enable insights into ancient patterns of turquoise acquisition at regional and local levels. To show the utility of these tracers when applied to archaeological turquoise, I use lead and strontium isotopic measurements to establish that the Silver Bell Mountains are the likely source turquoise found at the Redtail site in the Tucson Basin, Arizona, USA. This dissertation also contains new, high-precision isotopic ratios of lead ores (galena and cerrusite) from four mining districts in New Mexico, including the Cerrillos Hills. All districts studied are possible sources of lead used by Pueblo IV communities to produce glaze paints. These new measurements, made by multiple-collector ICP-MS, define the isotopic composition of the ore deposits with greater precision and accuracy than achieved in previous studies, indicating an opportunity to improve interpretations about the provenance of lead in glaze paints. Lead isotopes are also found to be useful tools for identifying lead and copper metal associated with the 1540-1542 Vázquez de Coronado expedition. Lead shot and copper crossbow boltheads from two sites with archaeological evidence for the expedition's presence were determined to share similar or identical lead isotopic ratios. I propose this specific isotopic "fingerprint" can be used to identify other artifacts belonging to the expedition in the Southwest.

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Fenn, Thomas. „APPLICATIONS OF HEAVY ISOTOPE RESEARCH TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PROVENANCE AND TRADE ON CASES FROM AFRICA AND THE NEW WORLD“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204329.

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Applications of lead and strontium isotope analysis were made on archaeological materials from three different contexts in both the Old and New Worlds. These materials comprised pre-Hispanic glaze painted ceramics from Arizona, U.S.A., glass beads from late first millennium AD Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria, and copper-based metals from early first millennium AD Kissi, Burkina Faso. All materials contain lead at major, minor, or trace concentrations, and lead isotope analysis was employed to determine a provenance for that lead. Strontium isotope analysis also was applied to glass beads from Igbo-Ukwu to determine provenance(s) for strontium found in the glass. Furthermore, application of elemental composition analysis was or had been employed on all samples for additional data comparisons within assemblages and with comparable archaeological materials.Results of these analyses determined, in most cases, regional provenance with high degrees of confidence for lead contained in the analyzed samples. Strontium and elemental composition analysis data also proved valuable in confirming the regional provenance of the raw glass used to produce the glass beads. Leads in the glaze paints from Arizona, which demonstrated a range of resources exploitation, were confidently restricted to a few regions for their procurement. Likewise leads in most glass beads from Igbo-Ukwu were confidently restricted to two main source regions, with a third strong contender also being identified. The elemental composition and strontium isotope data determined with confidence the production regions for the primary raw glasses used to make the glass beads. Finally, leads in copper-based metals from Burkina Faso also were restricted to a few regions, although some inconclusiveness in provenance determination was attributed to mixing of metals from difference sources.These results confirm the utility of heavy isotope analysis of archaeological materials for provenance determination. The combination of these data with elemental composition analyses further confirm the interpretive strength of combining independent but related sets of analytical data for exploring questions of archaeological provenance. With improvements in instrument technology and application in the past two decades, very high precision and high accuracy analyses can be made which eliminate some earlier concerns of heavy isotope applications in archaeology.

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Roisine, Gauthier. „Céramiques glaçurées de Bernard Palissy : À la recherche des secrets d'un maître de la Renaissance“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC010.

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Les céramiques glaçurées plombifères transparentes ou opalescentes de Bernard Palissy à la Renaissance constituent aujourd’hui encore des oeuvres techniquement inimitables, tant leurs procédés chimiques et thermiques restent énigmatiques. Ce projet porte sur l’étude de compositions de verres du ternaire SiO2-Al2O3-PbO auxquels Bernard Palissy a ajouté différents agents colorants ou opacifiants. Après une analyse multi-échelle fine de glaçures superficielles d’échantillons archéologiques (composition, propriétés thermomécaniques, micro-inclusions à l’interface glaçures/substrat céramique), on cherchera à les reproduire le plus précisément possible en laboratoire en jouant sur les matières premières, les conditions de traitement thermique et le support céramique. L’impact de la concentration en certains oxydes tels que Al2O3 sur la structure des verres (approche multi-spectroscopique), leur microstructure (nature, distribution des cristaux), leurs caractéristiques physiques (viscosité, coefficient de dilatation, couleur…) et l’interaction avec le substrat seront particulièrement étudiés. L’approche allie l’analyse approfondie d’un corpus archéologique et la reproduction des systèmes chimiques et des procédés thermiques. Elle permettra de connaître les indicateurs pertinents liés aux procédés innovants et aux matières premières qui permirent à Palissy d’obtenir des composites alliant la perfection mécanique (absence de fissuration, cohésion interfaciale remarquable) à celle de l’illusion réaliste. Ils permettront enfin de définir des critères d’authentification de ses oeuvres
The high-lead glazes transparent or opalescent made by Bernard Palissy during the Renaissance still constitute technically inimitable works, so their chemical and thermal processes remain enigmatic. This project involves the study of glass compositions of the ternary SiO2-Al2O3-PbO to which Bernard Palissy added various coloring agents or opacifiers. After a fine multi-scale analysis of superficial glazes of archaeological samples (composition, thermomechanical properties, the interface glazes / ceramic substrate), we will try to reproduce them as accurately as possible in the laboratory by playing on raw materials, heat treatment conditions and ceramic support. The impact of the concentration of certain oxides such as Al2O3 on the glass structure (multi-spectroscopic approach), their microstructure (nature, distribution of crystals), their physical characteristics (viscosity, coefficient of expansion, color ...) and interaction with the substrate will be particularly studied. The approach combines in-depth analysis of an archaeological corpus and the reproduction of chemical systems and thermal processes. It will enable us to know the relevant indicators linked to the innovative processes and raw materials that allowed Palissy to obtain composites combining mechanical perfection (absence of cracking, remarkable interfacial cohesion) with that of realistic illusion. Finally, they will enable us to define criteria for the authentication of his works

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Walton, Marc Sebastian. „A materials chemistry investigation of archaeological lead glazes“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb3eb473-d434-4f45-ac78-03b6f6de3649.

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In this thesis, the fabrication technology of Roman lead glazes were examined using a number of materials science techniques: namely, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The overall aim of this work was to discern particular technological styles for a wide group of lead glazes by quantifying the chemical and microstructural features of glaze production. Using experimental replication, it was found that two basic methods of glazing could be identified chemically. When applying PbO alone to an earthenware ceramic, the resulting glaze was in equilibrium with the ceramic as indicated by flat compositional profiles obtained along the glaze cross-section. However, when applying PbO·SiO₂ mixtures to earthenware ceramics, gradient profiles indicative of diffusive mass transfer were obtained from the glaze cross-section. On the basis of these chemical criteria, these two methods of glazing were identified in archaeological material. It has been determined that the earliest lead glazes from Anatolia and Italy (approximately 1^st century B.C.) were made using PbO·SiO₂ mixtures applied to calcareous clays with Fe and Cu oxides added as colourants. Later production (post 2^nd century A.D.), seems to have employed PbO alone applied to non-calcareous clays with no intentionally added colourants. The Roman production of lead glazes was compared to both those of Late Antiquity (4^th – 10^th centuries A.D.) which continued to use PbO applied to non-calcareous clays, and to those of Byzantine and Islamic contexts (8^th – 14^th centuries A.D.) which seem to have used PbO·SiO₂ mixtures applied to both calcareous and non-calcareous clays. It is also argued that the technological features of the Byzantine and Islamic glaze production shared more in common with the contemporary Chinese lead glazing tradition (the Sancai wares of the 7^th century A.D.) which also used PbO·SiO₂ mixtures applied to non-calcareous clays, than with the Late Antique glazing tradition.

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Dean, Darron. „The design, production and consumption of English lead-glazed earthenware in the seventeenth century“. Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483615.

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The thesis is based on a detailed examination of three pottery production centres, in Harlow (Essex), Bamstaple and Bideford (north Devon) and Burslem and Hanley (north Staffordshire). It combines a study of material evidence from archaeological and museum collections, with archival sources, which have in the past largely been studied separately. Four aspects of the pottery trade have been explored. Firstly the production, sales and distribution of pottery, analysing the transfonnation of the trade from small scale production at the start of the seventeenth century to a semiindustrialised trade by the early eighteenth century. Secondly the thesis analyses the function of seventeenth century pottery. From an examination of the way pottery was used for cooking, dining and display by a wide section of society, the analysis explores the interaction between high and low forms of culture within the domestic sphere. Thirdly the design of seventeenth century pottery is analysed, exploring the relationship between localised communities and a wider national socio-economic and cultural context. Finally the thesis examines the consumers of pottery, analysing the differences in pottery ownership between different social groups and in different parts of the country. By integrating an analysis of design, production and consumption, the thesis argues that English lead-glazed earthenware came to be used by non-elite groups during the seventeenth century as a way of buying into a more refined domestic material culture, and explores the way in which elite cultural forms were appropriated at an individual and local level by both the producers and consumers of lead-glazed pottery.

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Di, Febo Roberta. „Identification of microcrystalline phases in Lead Glazes of ceramics from 17th-19th centuries: archaeometric implications“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669903.

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Crystalline phases inside ancient glazes can have different origins: unreacted compounds (thus already formed before the glaze formation), crystallites developed during the glaze production or devitrification crystals formed after the glaze production (during burial by weathering processes). This study deals with the identification of the crystalline phases developed during the firing of lead glazes in ceramics from the 17th to 19th centuries. The formation of the crystallites during firing and their distribution depends on the original composition of the glaze and body (clay, stonepastes, etc.), the use of raw or pre-fired materials and on the firing conditions (temperature and atmosphere of the furnace, single or double firing, etc.). Therefore, the detailed investigation of the crystal inclusions and the microstructural heterogeneities in the glazes yield information on the nature of the objects, the raw materials used, their thermal history as well as other important aspects of the glass making technology. This research develops a methodological approach to study of ceramic glaze microstructures based on the thin section. Starting from its present role as an accessory identification technique, thin-section petrography turns here into a pivotal tool to characterize micro-crystals embedded in ceramic glazes and hence characterize the glazes themselves. Firstly, the crystallites are located and described using thin-section petrographic methods. Special attention is paid to the description of the morphologies and the optical features of the crystallites. Then, the thin section petrography data are linked to compositional and structural data obtained from other analytical tools, such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EPMA (electron probe micro-analyser), μ-Raman (micro-Raman) and SR- μXRD (synchrotron-radiation X-ray micro-diffraction). For each mineral phase identified, chemical, mineralogical and structural data are collected in such a way to obtain a correlation between morphological and analytical data. Once established, this correlation could allow a quick and easy identification of the crystallites using a petrographic microscope and therefore avoiding the repetition of an exhaustive identification protocol involving the use of expensive characterization techniques

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Santarelli, Brunella. „Technological Analysis of Pueblo I Lead Glazed Ceramics from the Upper San Juan Basin, Colorado (ca.700-850 CE)“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578888.

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The production of lead glaze paints has intrigued Southwestern archaeologists since the 1930s, and significant efforts have been dedicated to the study of this technology by researchers interested in the Pueblo IV (ca. 1275-1400 CE) glazes. In this dissertation I explore the technology of production of the earliest glaze paints produced in the Southwest: the Pueblo I (ca. 700-850 CE) glaze paints from the Upper San Juan. These glaze paints were produced nearly 500 years before the later and well studied Pueblo IV glaze paints, and these technologies represent two separate, independent instances of invention of glaze technology in the prehistoric Southwest. The unique aspect of prehistoric Southwestern glazes is that they were developed as paints, thus serving as decorations. Glaze paints are culturally and technologically significant because it is in the production of the paint that potters are innovating and experimenting with materials. This dissertation presents evidence for a patterned technological behavior in the production of Pueblo I glaze paints - while there is no evidence of specialization, there is evidence for shared technological knowledge regarding other aspects of production. The lack of control over the variability in visual appearance as related to the variability in compositions indicates that it is unlikely that any differences in composition represent intentional technological choices; therefore, Pueblo I potters were not using standardized recipes in the production of glaze paints. I argue that potters were aware of the effect of applying a lead-based paint to the ceramic, thus indicating intentionality, but could not control all of the variables that are involved in the production of a ceramic ware. To understand the mechanisms of invention, and later abandonment, of this technology, I looked for clues in the history of ceramic production in the area, and coupled it with a study of the social and environmental constraints placed on the production. My research suggests that the production of the Pueblo I glaze paints, while not as specialized and widespread as that of the later glaze paints, is a significant technological component of the sequence of ceramic production in the Southwest.

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Kostelník, Pavel. „Řízení maticových světlometů s LED diodami“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221255.

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This master’s thesis presents new tendency in automotive lighting – matrix LED headlamp. This thesis consists of description of matrix headlamp construction, main functions of matrix headlamp and controlling by using new integrated circuit, developed by ON Semiconductor Company. The aim of this project is concept of algorithm, which provides correct function of integrated circuit. A part of this thesis is to develop and assembly evaluation kit with this integrated circuit, which will be use to present integrated circuit for customers.

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Denis-Dupuis, Jessica. „La céramique à Paris après Bernard Palissy (1590-1650) : œuvres, fabricants, collections : Vol. 1 et vol.2-Annexes“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0924.

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L’ensemble constitué par les céramiques en terre cuite à glaçure plombifère, auparavant regroupées sous le terme de « céramiques de Bernard Palissy » puis « suites de Palissy » ou « atelier d’Avon », n’a plus aujourd’hui d’attache géographique concrète ni d’histoire attestée. Il est en effet avéré que la légende et le mythe ont, depuis le début du XIXe siècle, toujours largement dominé. En dépit de leur présence importante au sein des collections publiques françaises et étrangères, la fragilité des connaissances actuelles sur ces pièces rend aujourd’hui leur étude approfondie indispensable. De nature fondamentalement transdisciplinaire, ce travail de thèse explore d’une part leur matérialité, avec la création d’un corpus des œuvres conservées en collections publiques (plats rustiques, pièces de vaisselle moulées, statuettes) et la prise en compte des analyses physico-chimiques ; d’autre part, par un travail minutieux de dépouillement d’archives et de recensement du matériel archéologique, il permet de mieux les situer dans une époque et dans un contexte de production parisien. Ces travaux reviennent ainsi sur l’histoire oubliée de ces objets en enquêtant sur leur origine, leur destination initiale et leur parcours depuis les collections du XVIIe siècle jusqu’aux celles des érudits du XIXe siècle qui les léguèrent en tant qu’objets d’art aux grands musées nationaux
This PhD thesis studies the whole terracotta lead-glazed ceramics produced in France at the end of the XVIth century and the beginning of the XVIIth century usually attributed to Bernard Palissy himself or his unidentified followers under the name Palissy ware ceramics. Legend and myth are widespread since the beginning of the XIXth century. As a consequence the study of these pieces which have proved to be very numerous in the French and foreign public collections has become essential. This transdisciplinary research examines on the one hand their materiality putting together a body of work (rustique figulines, relief-moulded dishes, statuettes) and taking into account physico-chemical analyses. On the other hand, it helps to place these ceramics in their Parisian historical production context by a meticulous study of archives and archaeological material. The research investigates their origin, their initial destination from the XVIIth century to the collections of French scholars or national museums' collections in the XIXth century

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Girard, Joffrey. „Modélisation de l'éblouissement d'inconfort dans des situations dynamiques“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2058.

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L’éblouissement d’inconfort est défini comme la sensation de gêne ressentie par un observateur en présence de sources lumineuses, sans nécessairement impacter ses performances visuelles. Ce doctorat s’intéresse à ce phénomène dans le cadre d’une situation d’éclairage extérieur. Bien que beaucoup de modèles de prédiction de l’éblouissement d’inconfort aient été établis dans la littérature, aucun d’entre eux ne fait consensus en éclairage extérieur. De plus, la majorité de ces modèles ont été conçus pour prédire l’éblouissement d’inconfort quand une seule source immobile est présente dans le champ visuel de l’observateur. Or, en éclairage extérieur, l’usager est généralement en mouvement par rapport aux nombreuses sources qui l’entourent. Pour étudier ce phénomène dans des situations dynamiques à sources multiples, plusieurs expérimentations psychovisuelles ont été conduites en laboratoire sur des panels de participants, en proposant des stimuli multi-sources et dont les caractéristiques (luminance, taille apparente, position) varient périodiquement. Grâce aux données collectées, un modèle de prédiction de probabilité de quatre niveaux de gêne a été établi. Il dépend des caractéristiques photométriques et géométriques de la scène visuelle
The discomfort glare is defined as the sensation of discomfort felt by an observer in presence of light sources, without necessary impacting his visual performance. This PhD investigates this phenomen on in the context of outdoor lighting. Although many models of discomfort glare have been proposed in the literature, there is no consensus in outdoor lighting. Moreover, most of these models have been developed to predict the discomfort glare level from one static light source in the visual field. In outdoor lighting, the road user is usually moving with multiple sources around him. To study this phenomenon in dynamic multi-source situations, seven psychovisual experimentations were carried out in the laboratory with panels of participants. These experimentations proposed multi-source stimuli having their characteristics (luminance, apparent size, position) that periodically varied. From the experimental data, a model was developed which predict the probability of four discomfort glare levels. It depends on the photometric and geometric characteristics of the visual scene

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Bücher zum Thema "Lead glaze"

Bice, Richard A. Indian mining of lead for use in Rio Grande glaze paint: Report of the AS-5 Bethsheba Project near Cerrillos, New Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: Albuquerque Archaeological Society, 2003.

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Emmerling, Erwin, Michael Kühlenthal, Chris Berberich und Ursula Baumer. Lüsterfassungen des Barock und Rokoko: Coloured glazes on metal leaf from the Baroque and Rococo period. München: Verlag der Anton Siegl Fachbuchhandlung GmbH, 2013.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Consumer and Environmental Affairs. Lead in ceramicware and crystal: An avoidable risk : hearing before the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Consumer and Environmental Affairs of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, March 27, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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Rijksmuseum voor Volkskunde "Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum." Loodglazuuraardewerk in Nederland: De collectie van het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum = Lead-glazed earthenware in the Netherlands : the collection of the Nederlands Openluchtmuseum. Arnhem: Nederlands Openluchtmuseum, 1995.

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Publishers, Museum. Notebook: Top Story of a Tower , Eastern Han Dynasty , China, Earthenware with Green Lead Glaze. Independently Published, 2020.

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Lead Glazed Pottery : Part First: Plain Glazed, Sgraffito and Slip-Decorated Wares. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Publishers, Museum. Notebook: Urn, 1805/10, England, Staffordshire, Staffordshire, Lead-Glazed Earthenware with Lustre Decoration. Independently Published, 2020.

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Lead in ceramicware and crystal: An avoidable risk : hearing before the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Consumer and Environmental Affairs of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, March 27, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Lead glaze"

Barson, Todd, und Klaus Meinssen. „Practical Problems Encountered in Conversion to Lead-Free Glaze Systems“. In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 13, Issue 1/2, 358–66. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470313916.ch44.

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Eppler, Richard A., und Douglas R. Eppler. „Color in Lead and Lead-Free Glazes“. In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 13, Issue 1/2, 338–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470313916.ch43.

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Blachere, Samia. „Lithia in Lead-Free Frits and Glazes“. In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 13, Issue 1/2, 210–16. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470313916.ch22.

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Decker, Christopher T. „Optimizing Color Development in Glazes Formulated Without Lead for Fast-Fire Systems“. In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 13, Issue 1/2, 330–37. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470313916.ch42.

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„Lead Glaze“. In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 753. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_120213.

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„Lead Ore Use and Long-Distance Interaction“. In Ancestral Zuni Glaze-Decorated Pottery, 60–72. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2ngx5n8.8.

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„Lead-Glazed Ware“. In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 753. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_120215.

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da Silva, Ricardo Costeira. „Lead-Glazed Ware from Coimbra:“. In Europa Postmediaevalis 2018, 181–88. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvndv5gp.17.

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Schwartz, David, und Bellinger Joel. „Effects of Lead in Children and Adults“. In Topics in Environmental Epidemiology, 314–49. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095647.003.0014.

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Abstract Few environmental agents have such diverse uses and such a long history of suspected and recognized toxicity as lead. The circumstances in which lead is encountered are varied; regardless of the original source, lead is persistent so that exposure can occur via community air pollution, soil contamination, and water pollution. There are also many relatively isolated sources, such as the workplace environment (e.g., smelters), lead water pipes in homes, lead-contaminated paint, leadsoldered cans, and lead-glazed pottery.

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Zhang, Shuo, Qibao Wu, Ping Su und Jianshe Ma. „Design and Simulation Investigation of 3*9 LED Matrix Headlamp to Realize Anti-Glare Function“. In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220492.

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The core of driving is vision, drivers need to obtain information ahead based on vision to make decisions, and lighting quality directly determines the perceptual quality of drivers at night. Glare can cause temporary visual perception disability, which brings great danger to driving safety. In this article, we propose a 3*9 LED matrix headlamp which is symmetrically arranged in front of the vehicle to realize anti-glare function, along with its optical design and anti-glare control algorithm including deep learning algorithm, design positioning algorithm and control logic. 3*9 matrix layout can retain more of the illumination of the scene in front after realizing the anti-glare function than single-row layout. Left-right symmetrical layout can maximize the field angle of the lamp lighting and avoid blind areas. It has been proved that the system can well identify the vehicles in front and close the corresponding zones, realizing the anti-glare function while retaining non-glare component of lighting to the maximum extent, improving the safety of driving at night.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Lead glaze"

D. A. Silva, Germannya, Tibério C. M. Tabosa, Ana Maria Q. Andrade und Virginia P. Cavalcanti. „Aspects of Ergonomics and Sustainability Design Applied to the Utilities Board for Café Tokyo’s in Recife, Pernambuco/Brazil“. In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100822.

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This paper presents the design method applied for the development of the product line created to meet the demand for utilities Café Tokyo’s table, headed by Matsumoto family, dedicated to oriental cuisine in Recife, since the '70s. The methodology strategies used for the project were organized in the following steps of research: analysis, synthesis and monitoring the production process. As a result, the Origami line utilities table has good usability, given the design of irregular geometry. Was produced with ceramic residue donated by a factory of sanitary wares and glazed with lead-free ceramic glaze composition which, besides ensuring good mechanical resistance of the pieces still provides environmental and economic sustainability of the group of artisans of Cabo de Santo Agostinho – Pernambuco, supported by The Imaginário Laboratory since 2003.

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Xu, Jin-Sha, Chen-Huai Tang, Yi Chen, Fa-Cai Ren, Jun Si, Ju Ding, Pu-Gen Zhang, Yu-Qing Yang, Yan-Nan Du und Shou-Peng Han. „Effect of Glaze Composition on the Corrosion Resistance of Glass Lining of Glass-Lined Pressure Vessels“. In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21153.

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Abstract Glass-lined pressure vessels are widely used in various corrosion conditions because of their excellent corrosion resistance. Under the same firing process condition, the corrosion-resistant properties of glass-lined vessels are largely dependent upon the glaze composition. In this paper, three kinds of glazes were selected to study the corrosion resistance to acid and alkali of the glass lining. Based on the glaze composition analysis, the corrosion quantity and the micromorphology observations of the corroded surfaces, the effect of glaze composition on the corrosion resistance to acid and alkali of glass lining was discussed. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of glass lining was mainly to the content of SiO2 and the continuity level of [SiO4] skeleton in glass network structure. The higher continuity level of [SiO4] skeleton led to the better physicochemical properties of the glass lining. The addition of the acid resistant oxide TiO2 improved the acid resistance of glass lining. The proper addition of ZrO2 improved the corrosion resistance to acid and alkali. There were two reasons, one of which was that the joining of Zr4+ into the glass network improved the structural integrity, and the other was that the reaction of Zr4+ with OH− produced Zr(OH)4 on the glass lining occurred and formed a shielding lining against alkali when glass lining was in the alkaline condition.

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Ayama, Miyoshi. „Assessing glare based on LED lighting“. In 2013 10th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting (ChinaSSL). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sslchina.2013.7177354.

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Feng, Kai, Luoxi Hao und Shujian Dai. „A LABORATORY STUDY ON VISUAL AND EMOTIONAL COMFORT EVALUATION OF LED WIDE BEAM ANGLE LAMPS : TAKING 3000K/ 4000K / 5000 K LINEAR LAMPS AS RESEARCH OBJECT“. In CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.po59.

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LED wide beam angle lamps have been widely used but might leading to glare or light pollution easily than traditional floodlighting lamps. Standards for wide beam angle products is not enough and a laboratory experiment was carried out in which visual and emotional comfort was used as evaluation items. 3 linear lamps (3000K/4000K/5000K) were used to evaluate emotional and visual comfort changes by performing different brightness or dynamic speed. Results showed that both brightness and dynamic speed could lead to negative feelings while emotional discomfort always occurs behind the eye’s discomfort. A higher brightness could leading to more negative evaluations, while some people think that medium brightness gives a more comfort feeling. A faster speed leads to more negative evaluation while some subjects prefer a medium speed (both in shading and erasure situations); In different lighting scenes, the significance of different indicators is different.

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Sammarco, John, Alan Mayton, Timothy Lutz und Sean Gallagher. „Discomfort Glare Comparison For Various LED Cap Lamps“. In 2010 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2010.5615978.

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Skinner, Nicholas, und John Bullough. „Influence of LED Spectral Characteristics on Glare Recovery“. In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0845.

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Lee, T. X., H. S. Wang, Yi-Chun Chen und C. C. Sun. „VISIBILITY AND GLARE STUDY OF LED-EMBEDDED SIGNS“. In CIE 2018. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x45.2018.pp08.

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Van Derlofske, John, und John D. Bullough. „Spectral Effects of LED Forward Lighting: Visibility and Glare“. In SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0102.

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Sekulovski, Dragan, Małgorzata Perz und Gilles Vissenberg. „EXPLORING THE PLEASANT SIDE OF GLARE IN THE LED ERA“. In Proceedings of the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x46.2019.op39.

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Hirakawa, Satoshi, Akira Tamoto, Shigeki Takamoto, Takashi Muraki und Hayato Ito. „EVALUATION METHOD OF DISCOMFORT GLARE OF LED TUNNEL INTERIOR LIGHTING“. In Proceedings of the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x46.2019.pp31.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Lead glaze"

Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker und Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.

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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.

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Rao, Menaka, Shantanu Menon, Kushagra Merchant und Aruna Pandey. Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action (SNEHA): An ethos of care. Indian School Of Development Management, Januar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58178/2301.1017.

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This case study engages with the journey of SNEHA (Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action), a public health non-profit organization founded in Mumbai in 1999. India has the distinction of being witness to a long history of efforts by public-spirited healthcare professionals. Alongside treatment, their work in public health has consistently involved giving due emphasis to prevention, reducing the excessive reliance on institutional-led public health delivery, moving towards community-based approaches and giving considerable attention to maternal and child health, the bedrock of any sound public health system. The efforts of SNEHA (which means “love” or “affection”) in developing, expanding and adapting this approach amongst some of the world’s largest and dense poor and low-income urban settlements in India constitutes an important part of this history. Started with little funding, in a little over two decades, it now oversees over Rs. 29 crores of funds; and its programs, which started as small pilot projects to gather evidence, have evolved into large interventions drawing in many individuals and institutions along the way. Public health, unlike many other spaces of developmental interventions, demands balancing affordability, quality care and credibility with little margin for error. The case engages with the ways in which intentional evolutions to its practice have allowed SNEHA to grow, in full public glare, in a rapidly urbanizing agglomeration. The case also offers an opportunity for learners to reflect on how SNEHA’s organizational culture of appreciative inquiry and its adoption of technology have enabled it to hold together a team of 500 staff and over 6,000 volunteers; and how community-based models can overcome the shortage of full-time medical professionals in a resource-constrained to deliver consistently high standards of care.

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