Thematische Bibliographien / Laxatives

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Laxatives“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. März 2023

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  2. Dissertationen
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Laxatives":

1

Werth, Barry L., und Sybèle-Anne Christopher. „Laxative Use in the Community: A Literature Review“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, Nr. 1 (04.01.2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010143.

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Laxatives are widely available without prescription and, as a consequence, they are commonly used for self-management of constipation by community-dwelling adults. However, it is not clear to what extent laxatives are used. Nor is it clear how laxatives are chosen, how they are used and whether consumers are satisfied with their performance. This review of published literature in the last 30 years shows the prevalence of laxative use in community-dwelling adults varied widely from 1% to 18%. The prevalence of laxative use in adults with any constipation (including both chronic and sporadic constipation) also varied widely from 3% to 59%. Apart from any geographical differences and differences in research methodologies, this wide range of estimated prevalence may be largely attributed to different definitions used for laxatives. This review also shows that laxative choice varies, and healthcare professionals are infrequently involved in selection. Consequently, satisfaction levels with laxatives are reported to be low and this may be because the laxatives chosen may not always be appropriate for the intended use. To improve constipation management in community and primary healthcare settings, further research is required to determine the true prevalence of laxative use and to fully understand laxative utilisation.
2

Konovalova, N. V., O. V. Stopinchuk und O. Y. Krikus. „Inconvenient topic: laxative abuse. review and clinical case“. Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 24, Nr. 4 (28.12.2020): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(4)-28.

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Annotation. Laxatives are drugs with different mechanism of action that are used to treat or prevent constipation. Use of laxatives to control body weight is considered a dangerous tendency, especially among young women with eating disorders. Natural or synthetic stimulant purgatives are the most commonly used for weight loss because they are cost-effective, have rapid onset of action, and available in various dosage forms. Excessive use of laxatives results in a gradual efficacy decrease causes specific damage of the gastrointestinal tract, other organs and systems. This condition is known as "laxative abuse". The purpose of this review is to summarize the available scientific data on behavioral characteristics, clinical and diagnostic criteria and tactics of treatment of laxative abuse with a clinical case description. Laxatives abuse should be suspected in case of eating disorders, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histological changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of laxative abuse requires gradual laxatives withdrawal, potassium replacement therapy and mandatory training in the healthy eating principles. The clinical case describes a young woman who tried to stop taking laxatives, but she started to use diuretics due to peripheral swelling. At the time of examination, the daily dose of furosemide was 600 mg (15 tablets a day). Laxative abuse is relatively common among young women and requires monitoring by physicians of various specialties.
3

Sazhin, Vladimir, und Pushkal Pushkal. „Predictors of laxative use in inpatients with schizophrenia on clozapine“. Australasian Psychiatry 30, Nr. 1 (27.10.2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10398562211042368.

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Objectives: Constipation, a clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal hypomotility, is a common and potentially serious complication of clozapine therapy, requiring laxatives for its prevention and treatment. We explored the predictive factors of the increased laxative use in inpatients receiving a long-term clozapine therapy. Methods: In the cross-sectional study of 93 patients in a psychiatric rehabilitation hospital, we examined a four-week prevalence of laxative use and a range of demographic and clinical factors associated with the number of prescribed laxatives. Results: Seventy-four percent of inpatients with schizophrenia were prescribed laxatives, and they were statistically significant older and taking higher daily doses of clozapine. In generalized Poisson regression analysis, the clozapine dose, age, and comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism were independently associated with the number of concurrently used laxatives. No association was found between the laxatives and gender, duration of clozapine treatment, and the number of other medications with a potential to cause constipation. Conclusion: The clozapine dose, age, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism were shown to be the independent predictors of the increased laxative use among inpatients on clozapine and might be associated with the increased risk of clozapine-induced constipation and gastrointestinal hypomotility.
4

Bruin, Frans de, Karin Hek, Jan van Lieshout, Monique Verduijn, Pim Langendijk, Marcel Bouvy und Martina Teichert. „Laxative co-medication and changes in defecation patterns during opioid use“. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, Nr. 7 (27.09.2018): 1613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218801066.

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Introduction Opioid-induced constipation is a clinically relevant side effect and a cause of potentially avoidable drug-related hospital admissions. Objectives To describe the presence of laxative co-medication, the reasons for not starting laxatives and to evaluate changes in stool patterns of opioid initiators. Methods In this observational study community pharmacists evaluated the availability of laxative co-medication in starting opioid users and registered reasons for non-use. Two opioid initiators per pharmacy were invited to complete questionnaires (‘Bristol stool form scale’ and ‘Rome III Diagnostic Questionnaire for the Adult Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders’) on their defecation prior to and during opioid use. Descriptive statistics and Chi square tests were used to analyse reasons for non-use of laxatives and changes in defecation patterns. Results Eighty-one pharmacists collected data from 460 opioid initiators. Of those, 344 (74.8%) used laxatives concomitantly. Main reason not to use laxatives was that either prescribers or patients did not consider them necessary. Sixty-seven (89.3%) of the 75 opioid starters with two questionnaires completed were not constipated at opioid start. Eleven of them (16%) developed constipation during opioid use (Chi square p=0.003). At follow-up within laxative users 10.6% were constipated compared to 20.7% in subjects without laxatives. Conclusion One in four opioid starters did not dispose of laxative co-medication, mainly because they were not considered necessary by either the prescriber or the patient. The prevalence of constipation doubled during opioid use. A watchful waiting strategy for the use of laxative co-medication might include a monitoring of defecation patterns with validated questionnaires.
5

Hoang Anh, Trung, Phung-Anh Nguyen, Anh Duong, I.-Jen Chiu, Chu-Lin Chou, Yu-Chen Ko, Tzu-Hao Chang et al. „Contact Laxative Use and the Risk of Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation Failure in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Multi-Center Cohort Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 11 (03.06.2022): 6842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116842.

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Laxatives are commonly prescribed for constipation management; however, they are recognized as an independent factor associated with cardiovascular diseases. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the closest to the ideal model of hemodialysis (HD) vascular access and part of the cardiovascular system. Our study aims to explore the association of contact laxative use with AVF maturation outcomes in patients undergoing HD. We conducted a multi-center cohort study of 480 contact laxative users and 472 non-users who had undergone initial AVF creation. All patients were followed until the outcomes of AVF maturation were confirmed. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the risk of AVF maturation failure imposed by laxatives. Here, we found that patients who used contact laxatives were significantly associated with an increased risk of AVF maturation failure compared to non-users (adjusted odds ratio, 1.64; p = 0.003). Notably, the risk of AVF maturation failure increased when increasing their average daily doses and cumulative treatment days. In conclusion, our study found a significant dose- and duration-dependent relationship between contact laxative use and an increased risk of AVF maturation failure. Thus, laxatives should be prescribed with caution in this population. Further studies are needed to validate these observations and investigate the potential mechanisms.
6

White, Nicole C., Rafael Mendo-Lopez, Konstantinos Papamichael, Christine A. Cuddemi, Caitlin Barrett, Kaitlyn Daugherty, Nira Pollock, Ciaran P. Kelly und Carolyn D. Alonso. „Laxative Use Does Not Preclude Diagnosis or Reduce Disease Severity in Clostridiodes difficile Infection“. Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, Nr. 6 (04.10.2019): 1472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz978.

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Abstract Background To optimize utility of laboratory testing for Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI), the 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America–Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (IDSA-SHEA) clinical practice guidelines recommend excluding patients from stool testing for C. difficile if they have received laxatives within the preceding 48 hours. Sparse data support this recommendation. Methods Patients with new-onset diarrhea (≥3 bowel movements in any 24-hour period in the 48 hours before stool collection) and a positive stool C. difficile nucleic acid amplification test were enrolled. Laxative use within 48 hours before stool testing, severity of illness (defined by 4 distinct scoring methods), and clinical outcomes were recorded. Results 209 patients with CDI were studied, 65 of whom had received laxatives. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients meeting severe CDI criteria by 4 severity scoring methods in patients receiving versus not receiving laxatives (66.2% vs 56.3%, respectively; P = .224) by IDSA-SHEA, the primary scoring system. Similar rates of serious outcomes attributable to CDI, including death, intensive care unit admission, and colectomy, were observed in the laxative and no laxative groups. Conclusions Our study found similar rates of severe CDI and serious CDI-attributable clinical outcomes in CDI-diagnosed patients who did or did not receive laxatives. Precluding recent laxative users from CDI testing, as proposed by the IDSA-SHEA guideline, carries a potential for harm due to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
7

Pranoto, Wiji Joko, Supriatmo Supriatmo, Melda Deliana und Atan Baas Sinuhaji. „Oral versus rectal laxatives for functional constipation in child“. Paediatrica Indonesiana 56, Nr. 3 (01.07.2016): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi56.3.2016.162-6.

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Background Functional constipation is a common childhood condition. Benefits of oral and rectal laxatives in terms of recovery and recurrence in children with functional constipation are still controversial.Objective To compare the effectiveness of oral and rectal laxatives in terms of recovery and recurrence in children with functional constipation.Methods Children aged 8 to 17 years who met the Rome III criteria for functional constipation were enrolled in this open randomised trial. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and physical examinations. The participants were randomly assigned to receive stimulant laxatives (5 mg bisacodyl) either orally for three consecutive days or rectally in a single dose. Subjects kept daily defecation records for 7 days, and were followed up on days 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Comparisons of defecation patterns and recurrence of constipation between groups were assessed using Chi-square test.Results Of 99 subjects, 46 children (5 boys, 41 girls) received oral laxatives (group I) and 45 children (8 boys, 37 girls) received rectal laxatives (group II). Four children in each group dropped out. Baseline characteristics are comparable between the groups. Rate of recovery in the first 7 days was higher in the oral compared to rectal groups [84.8% versus 73.3%, respectively, but this was not statistically sininficant (P=0.278)]. In the second week, the recurrence of constipation was significantly higher in the rectal (57.5%) than in the oral laxative group (42.5%) (P=0.026).Conclusion Although recovery tends to occur more with oral compared to rectal laxative agents, the difference was not statistically significant. Higher recurrence in the second week after treatment occurred with rectal laxative agent. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:162-6.].
8

Khartode, Swati, Chandrakant Sahare, Kiran Shinde, Sushant Shinde, Chagan Khartode und Namdev Jagtap. „Raisins with clarified butter or ghee for the relief of acute and chronic constipation - A Clinical Study“. American Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 3, Nr. 2 (18.10.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajfsn.816.

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Background: Constipation is a very distressful symptom, affecting to all age group. The only treatment is laxatives, which is having many adverse effects mainly dependency on laxatives. Purpose: To evaluate the laxative effect of raisins and to get relief from daily dependency on laxative medicines for acute and chronic constipation Methods: Interventional / Experimental study of raisins and clarified butter or ghee performed at ‘Vishwaraj Hospital’ Pune, Maharashtra, India from March 2021 to June 2021, after appropriate ethical approval obtained from the Vishwaraj Hospital’s Ethics Committee (Registration number- ECR/1138/Inst/MH/2018). Fifty one patients of constipation who were on laxatives or PR enema enrolled in this study, diagnosis confirmed by gastro-enetrologist. Laxatives had been asked to stop before enrollment. Questionnaire form were given at the time of enrollment and telephonic follow up for OPD patients and by visiting to admit patients had been taken on 2nd day after consumption of raisins and clarified butter or ghee then on 7th and 15th day. Forms were collected once they were visit to their respective doctors for follow up. Results: Statistical tool used in this study is the 95 % confidence interval. The variables of interest were 1) percent of patients have restarted laxatives or not and 2) number of days required to get relief from constipation. 94.12 % of patients (n=48) did not restart laxatives after consumption of raisins and clarified butter or ghee and the population percent of patients that might not restart laxatives would be 88% to 100% with 95 % confidence. Also the number of days to get relief from constipation after consumption of raisins and clarified butter or ghee for a patient in population would be 3-4 days with 95 % confidence. Conclusion: Raisins and CB or ghee had given relief from acute and chronic constipation; worked very well on irritable bowel syndrome, fissure in ano, hemorrhoids and helped to stop PR bleeding and bloating causes by these diseases. Patients got relief from constipation on 3rd and 4th day. This study concluded that raisins with clarified butter or ghee can be taken instead of laxatives or enema to get relief from constipation; this might be the great substitute for laxatives and per rectum enema.
9

Paré, Pierre, und Richard N. Fedorak. „Systematic Review of Stimulant and Nonstimulant Laxatives for the Treatment of Functional constipation“. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 28, Nr. 10 (2014): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/631740.

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BACKGROUND: Constipation is an uncomfortable and common condition that affects many, irrespective of age. Since 1500 BC and before, health care practitioners have provided treatments and prevention strategies to patients for chronic constipation despite the significant variation in both medical and personal perceptions of the condition.OBJECTIVE: To review relevant research evidence from clinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of commercially available pharmacological laxatives in Canada, with emphasis on studies adopting the Rome criteria for defining functional constipation.SEARCH METHODS: PubMed, Medline, Embase and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases were searched for blinded or randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses assessing the efficacy of nonstimulant and stimulant laxatives for the treatment of functional constipation.RESULTS: A total of 19 clinical studies and four meta-analyses were retrieved and abstracted regarding study design, participants, interventions and outcomes. The majority of studies focused on polyethylene glycol compared with placebo. Both nonstimulant and stimulant laxatives provided better relief of constipation symptoms than placebo according to both objective and subjective measures. Only one study compared the efficacy of a nonstimulant versus a stimulant laxative, while only two reported changes in quality of life. All studies reported minor side effects due to laxative use, regardless of treatment duration, which ranged from one week to one year. Laxatives were well tolerated by both adults and children.
10

Ji-Xu, A., C. Moezinia, N. Lovett und D. Krishan Sharma. „18 The Use of A Multifactorial Intervention to Improve Bowel Chart Recording and Laxative Prescription in A Tertiary Geriatrics Department“. Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (Februar 2020): i1—i8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz183.18.

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Abstract Introduction Constipation has a high prevalence of 30-40% in those aged over 65. It can lead to complications including delirium, faecal impaction, stercoral ulceration, and bowel obstruction. Although stool charts are used in geriatric wards to monitor bowel movements to guide management of constipation, they are often inconsistently recorded. Similarly, regular laxatives are often not prescribed for constipated patients due to ward pressures or unawareness regarding their importance. Aims Our aims were to audit the rates of recording on stool charts and laxative prescription in a geriatrics department, and to assess whether a multifactorial intervention aimed at both doctors and nursing staff improved these rates. Methods Two independent assessors audited the recording of stool charts, and rates of constipating medications and laxative prescription in two geriatrics wards in a tertiary UK hospital. A multifactorial intervention was implemented, consisting of didactic sessions for doctors and nurses, healthcare assistant champions to promote the recording of stool charts, and consolidation of bowel movement recording onto a single paper stool chart by the bedside rather than multiple charts. After the intervention, the data was re-audited on the same wards. Descriptive statistics and frequency tabulation were used for data analysis. Results Data was collected from 33 patients. Pre-intervention, stool charts were recorded daily in 13 patients, 10 patients had no stool chart record, 20 patients were on at least one constipating medication, 12 patients were prescribed at least one laxative, and 5 out of 7 patients with opiates had laxatives co-prescribed. Post-intervention, stool charts were recorded daily in 21 patients, all patients had a stool chart record, 20 patients were on at least one constipating medication, 23 patients were prescribed at least one laxative, and 2 out of 4 patients with opiates had laxatives co-prescribed. Our intervention improved daily recording on stool charts by 24%, resulted in all patients having a current stool chart and improved prescription of regular laxatives by 34%. Conclusions A multifactorial intervention based on educational sessions, healthcare assistants acting as champions, and consolidation of recording of bowel movements into a single chart, improved stool chart recording and prescription of regular laxatives in a tertiary geriatrics department. Future auditing will extend the sample size and generalise the intervention to other hospital departments.
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Zeitschriftenartikel Dissertationen Bücher

Dissertationen zum Thema "Laxatives":

1

Kwok, Karbo Larry, und 郭嘉寶. „Stability of hydrophilic-based bisacodyl suppositories“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50223227.

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2

Li, Hiu-yu, und 李曉瑜. „The effect of excipients on the stability of bisacody1 suppositories“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193524.

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3

Werth, Barry Lewis. „Constipation and Laxative Use in the Community“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21314.

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Introduction Constipation is a common health problem, often self-diagnosed and self-managed with laxatives without healthcare professional involvement. To improve diagnosis and management, it is important to understand constipation prevalence, associated factors, and laxative utilisation among community-dwelling adults. Aim The research aimed to determine the prevalence of constipation and laxative use, to investigate factors associated with constipation and describe laxative utilisation in Australia. Methods The first part explored constipation and laxative use in the general adult population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online using a large nationally representative sample. The study focused on constipation prevalence, associated factors and laxative utilisation as well as examining the impact of constipation definitions on prevalence. The second part explored constipation and laxative use in an older adult cohort. Using Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing data, the prevalence of constipation, associated factors and laxative use were examined over time. Results The online survey was completed by 2,024 participants. The constipation definition had considerable impact on prevalence estimates. As per Rome III criteria, 24% of participants had chronic constipation. Ten factors were significantly associated with it. One third (37%) reported using laxatives for either constipation treatment or prevention with 56% using laxatives recommended by healthcare professionals. In the older adult study, 239 participants were followed for 11 years. Self-reported constipation (14% to 21%) and laxative use (6% to 15%) increased over this period. Conclusion Constipation and laxative use are common among community-dwelling adults. Increased healthcare professional involvement in diagnosis and management, particularly laxative choice and use, may improve health outcomes. Development of guidelines addressing laxative use for both treatment and prevention should be considered.
4

Patel, Minaxi. „The laxative effect of kiwifruit [thesis submitted in fulfilment of the] Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, June 2003“. Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.

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5

Cunha, Gilmara Holanda da. „AvaliaÃÃo da eficÃcia terapÃutica da tintura de jalapa no tratamento da constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2821.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A Operculina alata, conhecida como jalapa, à uma planta cuja raiz à utilizada pela populaÃÃo em virtude do seu efeito laxante. Um ensaio clÃnico duplo cego, controlado por placebo, randomizado e paralelo avaliou a eficÃcia terapÃutica da tintura de jalapa no tratamento da constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional, na Unidade de Farmacologia ClÃnica, CearÃ, Brasil. Foram dois grupos de tratamento, o grupo Jalapa e o grupo Placebo, ambos compostos por 38 voluntÃrios com constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional. O estudo teve 3 fases, cada uma com duraÃÃo de 7 dias, em que o voluntÃrio registrava num diÃrio dados das evacuaÃÃes. No prÃ-tratamento houve a seleÃÃo de voluntÃrios. No tratamento ocorreu a randomizaÃÃo e administraÃÃo da tintura de jalapa ou placebo. No pÃs-tratamento os voluntÃrios foram observados apÃs suspensÃo da tintura de jalapa ou placebo. A eficÃcia foi avaliada atravÃs das variÃveis primÃrias: frequÃncia mÃdia de evacuaÃÃes (FME), consistÃncia mÃdia das fezes (CMF) e melhora global da constipaÃÃo (MGC). As variÃveis secundÃrias foram proporÃÃo de evacuaÃÃes com dor (PED), proporÃÃo de evacuaÃÃes com esforÃo (PEE), nÃmero de dias seguidos sem evacuar (DSE) e grau de melhora da constipaÃÃo. Todos os voluntÃrios participantes foram do sexo feminino. No grupo Placebo houve perda de segmento de 5 voluntÃrias e no grupo Jalapa, apenas duas desistiram. A maioria das voluntÃrias procedia da cidade de Fortaleza. O menor grau de escolaridade encontrado foi o ensino fundamental incompleto representado por 10,5% da amostra. Havia uso de agentes laxativos por 69,8% das voluntÃrias. No prÃ-tratamento, os grupos Jalapa e Placebo mostraram semelhanÃa estatÃstica quanto à idade, IMC e CMF, mas diferiram quanto a FME, onde o grupo Placebo (0321  0,108) apresentou valores maiores que os grupo Jalapa (0,262  0,132). No tratamento e pÃs-tratamento, a FME e a CMF foram significantemente maiores no grupo Jalapa que no grupo Placebo, com 55,26% dos voluntÃrios do grupo Jalapa apresentando aumento simultÃneo dos valores da FME e CMF, o que foi representado pela MGC, com probabilidade 3,5 vezes maior de melhorar da constipaÃÃo com a tintura de jalapa que com o placebo. Os valores da PED, da PEE e do DSE no grupo Jalapa foram menores e estatisticamente significantes que os do grupo Placebo nas fases de tratamento e pÃs-tratamento. A proporÃÃo de voluntÃrios do grupo Jalapa que relataram alÃvio razoÃvel e total dos sintomas da constipaÃÃo nas fases de tratamento e pÃs-tratamento foram significantemente maiores que no grupo Placebo. Houve alteraÃÃes da pressÃo arterial sistÃlica, diastÃlica e frequÃncia cardÃaca, mas foram consideradas sem relevÃncia clÃnica. NÃo ocorreram alteraÃÃes de massa corporal e eventos adversos graves, mas destacaram-se a tontura, cefalÃia e dor abdominal. Este estudo concluiu que a tintura de jalapa à eficaz no tratamento agudo da constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional nos voluntÃrios estudados.
The Operculina alata, known as Jalapa, is a plant whose root is used by the population because of its laxative effect. A double-blind clinical trial, placebo controlled, randomized, parallel evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of tincture of Jalapa in the treatment of functional constipation in the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CearÃ, Brazil. There were two treatment groups, the Jalapa group and the Placebo group, both consisting of 38 volunteers with functional constipation. The study had 3 phases, seven days in each phase, in which the volunteer data recorded in a diary of bowel movements. During the pre-treatment there was the selection of volunteers. In the treatment occurred the randomization and administration of tincture of Jalapa or placebo. The post-treatment were observed after the voluntary suspension of tincture of Jalapa or placebo. The effectiveness was evaluated through the primary variables: average frequency of evacuations (AFE), average consistency of faeces (ACF) and global improvement of constipation (GIC). Secondary variables were the proportion of evacuations with pain (PED), proportion of effort evacuations (PEE), number of consecutive days without evacuation (DWE) and degree of improvement in constipation. All volunteer participants were female. In the placebo group there was lost segment of 5 volunteers and in the Jalapa group, only two were removed. Most volunteers came from the city of Fortaleza. The lower level of education found the primary school was represented by 10.5% of the sample. There was use of laxative agents by 69.8% of volunteers. In the pre-treatment, Jalapa and Placebo groups showed statistically similar in age, BMI and ACF, but differed in the AFE, where the Placebo group (0321 Â 0108) showed that the largest group Jalapa (0262 Â 0132). In the treatment and post-treatment, the AFE and ACF were significantly higher in Jalapa group than in the Placebo group, with 55.26% of volunteers of the Jalapa group showing increased values of AFE and ACF, which was represented by the GIC with 3.5 times more likely to improve the constipation with the tincture of Jalapa that with placebo. The values of the PED, the PEE and the DWE in Jalapa group were lower and statistically significant than those in the placebo group during treatment and post-treatment. The proportion of volunteers reported that the Jalapa group reasonable and complete relief of symptoms of constipation during treatment and after treatment was significantly higher than in the placebo group. There were changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic and heart rate, but were without clinical relevance. There were no changes in body mass and serious adverse events, but highlighted to dizziness, headache and abdominal pain. This study found that the tincture of Jalapa is effective in the acute treatment of functional constipation in volunteers studied.
6

Renčová, Pavlína. „Marketingový mix produktu Benefibra“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11278.

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Benefibra is a food supplement, produced by company Novartis s.r.o., which was launched onto the pharmaceutical market 3 years ago. Althought so many Print campaigns, TV campaigns and other marketing activities have been organised, Benefibra's launch wasn't a great success. The main goal of my thesis is the analysis of Benefibra marketing mix, to find reasons of the unsuccesfull launch onto the Czech market and to suggest changes in marketing mix, that would lead to reach goals, which company Novartis has determined during launching of Benefibra on the czech market in September 2006.
7

Soares, Aline KÃrcia Alves. „AvaliaÃÃo de seguranÃa e eficÃcia terapÃutica da associaÃÃo de Cassia fistula L, Cassia angustifÃlia Vahl, Tamarindus indica L, Coriandrum sativum L e Glycyrrhiza glabra L em pacientes com constipaÃÃo intestinal“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3277.

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nÃo hÃ
ConstipaÃÃo à um problema clÃnico comum que compreende uma constelaÃÃo de sintomas como excessivo esforÃo, fezes duras, sensaÃÃo de evacuaÃÃo incompleta, uso de manobras digitais, ou defecaÃÃo infreqÃente. Seu tratamento emprega medicamentos que aumentem a freqÃÃncia e facilitem as evacuaÃÃes, bem como mudanÃas nos hÃbitos de vida. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar seguranÃa, eficÃcia terapÃutica e validar um mÃtodo analÃtico para a gelÃia TamarineÂ, um fitoterÃpico largamente utilizado como laxante, em pacientes com constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional. Foi realizado o perfil cromatogrÃfico da gelÃia Tamarine para confirmaÃÃo dos seus constituintes e anÃlise de estabilidade empregando cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia (CLAE), onde seus principais constituintes foram identificados atravÃs dos tempos de retenÃÃo caracterÃsticos. A anÃlise de estabilidade da formulaÃÃo foi executada comparando os cromatogramas de lotes recÃm-fabricados com lotes apÃs 2 anos de fabricaÃÃo. O mÃtodo desenvolvido comprovou a qualidade das amostras testadas e sua estabilidade apÃs 2 anos de armazenamento. O estudo de toxicologia clÃnica foi do tipo aberto, realizado em 24 voluntÃrios saudÃveis de ambos os sexos que receberam diariamente a administraÃÃo de 5g da gelÃia Tamarine por 28 dias consecutivos. Os voluntÃrios foram avaliados antes, durante e ao final do perÃodo de administraÃÃo atravÃs de histÃria mÃdica, exame fÃsicos e laboratoriais. A formulaÃÃo foi bem tolerada e foram observados feitos adversos como cÃlicas (83,3%), aumento de evacuaÃÃes (58,3%), diarrÃia (20,8%), flatulÃncia e nÃuseas (12,5%). Os parÃmetros hematolÃgicos, metabÃlicos, funÃÃo renal e hepÃtica sofreram variaÃÃes pontuais ao longo do estudo, entretanto, consideradas sem significado clÃnico. O estudo de eficÃcia terapÃutica foi do tipo controlado, paralelo, aberto e randomizado empregando 124 voluntÃrios com constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional, selecionados de acordo com os critÃrios de Roma II e distribuÃdos aleatoriamente entre os grupos de tratamento com a gelÃia Tamarine (TAM) ou Metamucil (MET). Os pacientes em tratamento eram avaliados quinzenalmente para levantamento de efeitos adversos e avaliaÃÃo da eficÃcia feita pelo registro das evacuaÃÃes diÃrias, consistÃncia das fezes e pela melhora global referida pelos mesmos. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou dieta pobre em fibras e baixa ingestÃo de lÃquidos, entretanto, suas dietas nÃo foram alteradas durante o tratamento, as orientaÃÃes nutricionais foram realizadas ao final do estudo para nÃo interferir nos resultados. O uso do TAM aumentou o nÃmero de evacuaÃÃes nos pacientes apÃs 14 e 28 dias de tratamento, quando comparado com o perÃodo inicial de seleÃÃo. No 7o, 14 o, 21 o e 28 o dias a resposta dos pacientes que faziam seu uso foi maior do que o grupo tratado com MET (p0,001), bem como a taxa de melhora 166,7% (p=0,003). A consistÃncia das fezes tambÃm melhorou, tornando-se mais amolecidas nos dois grupos. Tratamento com TAM reduziu a consistÃncia das fezes em todo o perÃodo de tratamento (p<0,001) enquanto que o controle teve reduÃÃo apenas na terceira semana (p<0,05). A avaliaÃÃo global dos pacientes (p=0,01 e 0,0367) e do investigador (p=0,0083 e 0,0193) realizadas no 14 e 28 dias de tratamento mostrou melhor aceitaÃÃo para o grupo tratado com TAM nos dois perÃodos de avaliaÃÃo. Nenhum sinal de toxicidade clÃnica ou laboratorial foi observado em todo o perÃodo de tratamento. O presente ensaio clÃnico conclui que a administraÃÃo de 5g da gelÃia Tamarine à segura e eficaz no tratamento da constipaÃÃo intestinal.
Constipation is a common clinical problem that comprises a constellation of symptoms that include excessive straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or infrequent defecation. The treatment is composed by behavioral measures and a therapeutic approach. Initial intervention should include dietary measures and fiber supplements; however, if fiber supplement action is ineffective, substances that increase the fecal bolus, lubricants, osmotic agents and laxatives can be used. The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy, safety and validate an analytical method. Tamarine jelly, a phytotherapic product from Barrenne IndÃstria FarmacÃutica Ltda. a phytomedicine used as laxative. The research project with the experimental protocol and informed consent, were submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFC. The chromatographic profiles of Tamarine jelly was done for confirmation of their constituents and stability analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method showed the quality of the samples tested and its stability after 2 years of storage. The toxicology clinical trial consisted of an open study with 24 healthy volunteers of both sexes, with a mean age of 26.8 7.8 years, who orally received a daily dose of 5g Tamarine for 28 uninterrupted days. The volunteers were included in the study only when considered healthy after clinical evaluation, physical examination and laboratory tests which preceded the study. The laboratory tests included: heamatologic, biochemical and serologic analysis. This evaluation was repeated after the first, second, third and fourth week of treatment and at post-study. The jelly was well tolerated, however, some adverse gastrointestinal events were observed. Twenty volunteers (83.3%) reported episodes of light intestinal colic followed by hyperdefecation, five (20.8%) reported diarrhea and three (12.5%) flatulence and nausea. The clinical, electrocardiographic and laboratory tests did not show evidence of toxicity in the various organs and systems evaluated. The efficacy was evaluated in 124 constipated patients selected by Rome II criteria. The investigation was designed as a controlled, parallel and opened. After the selection period, Tamarine (TAM) or Metamucil (MET) was administered. Patients were provided with diary sheets to record each bowel movement and associated subjective symptoms rating stool consistency, abdominal pain and flatus. The efficacy and safety analyzed after each 14 days of treatment by the information recorded on diary and a global assessment of efficacy. Volunteers continuing with their routine activities and maintaining their normal general diets even showing a low consumption of fiber and liquids. The nutritional guidelines were implemented at the end of the study not to interfere in the results. TAM increased bowel frequency after 14 and 28 days when compared with no treatment period and on 7o, 14 o, 21o and 28o days was higher the MET (p<0,001). The stool consistency was changed and became softer in both groups. The alterations improved by TAM was observed in all treatment period (p<0,001) and MET changed only on the third week (p<0,05) . The patientâs global efficacy score (p=0,01 e 0,0367) and investigatorâs (p=0,0083 e 0,0193) realized that on 14 and 28 days of treatment was superior for the TAM group compared with MET. No signs of clinical or laboratory toxicity was observed throughout the treatment period. Confirming their traditional use, the administration of 5g of jelly Tamarine  phytotherapic proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of constipation.
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Ferrero, Andrés Ana. „Papel del Polietilenglicol 35 en la Modulación de los Procesos Inflamatorios Asociados al Páncreas“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672215.

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A pesar de las extensas investigaciones durante las últimas décadas, la pancreatitis aguda (PA) continúa siendo un reto para el manejo clínico, con una importante carga de morbilidad, mortalidad y coste, cuando la enfermedad desencadena la disfunción de órganos y sistemas distantes. Por ello, cualquier tratamiento para reducir la severidad de la enfermedad podría mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes. En este sentido, la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para la protección del órgano pancreático. El objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral es estudiar el efecto protector del PEG35 en distintos modelos experimentales in vivo e in vitro de inflamación pancreática y, más concretamente: 1. Caracterizar los mecanismos de protección del PEG35 en un modelo experimental de pancreatitis aguda necrotizante en rata. 2. Analizar los efectos de la administración de PEG35 en un modelo experimental de pancreatitis aguda edematosa intersticial en rata. 3. Evaluar la respuesta del PEG35 frente a la inflamación y la muerte celular en células acinares pancreáticas. 4. Analizar el efecto del PEG35 en la modulación de la inflamación mediada por exosomas.
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Moreira, Ana Paula Lançanova. „DETERMINAÇÃO CROMATOGRÁFICA E ELETROFORÉTICA DE DIURÉTICOS E LAXANTES EM FORMULAÇÕES FARMACÊUTICAS A BASE DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5914.

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The use of herbal medicines as an alternative treatment has increased by the belief that natural products do not cause damage to health. However cases in which natural products are added of synthetic drugs not declared, presumably to enhance the effectiveness them have been reported in the literature. In the case of weight loss formulations the main adulterants found are appetite suppressants, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, diuretics and laxatives. The identification of these frauds is only possible by applying the analytical methods able to detect the presence of adulterants in the formulations. This paper describes the development of two methods employing separation techniques with electrochemical detection for the determination of diuretics and laxatives as adulterants in herbal products. The method employing capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with contactless conductivity detection (C4D) allows the simultaneous determination of amiloride, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide and phenolphthalein in the following optimized conditions: working electrolyte phosphate buffer 20 mmol L-1 (pH 9.2) containing 30% methanol (v/v) separation potential -15 kV, temperature 25 °C, injection hydrodynamic by gravity in 20 cm for 60 seconds. The method employing ion pair chromatography (IPC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) allows the determination of hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone and furosemide on the following conditions: mobile phase phosphate buffer 5 mmol L-1 (pH 4.5) containing SDS 0.3 mmol L-1 and 50% methanol (v/v), sample potential of +0.8 V, the cleaning potential of -0.2 V and +1.0 V, and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Both methods were validated in the parameters of linearity, limit of detection limit of quantification, precision, accuracy and selectivity, and were applied in the analysis of 26 samples of natural weight loss products purchased from pharmacies in nine Brazilian states. In three of 26 samples were identified the presence of illegal diuretic hydrochlorothiazide in concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 7.0 mg/capsule. In addition, five other samples called naturals contained declared on the label of the packaging the presence of synthetic diuretics hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide. Both methods were able to identify the adulterants present in samples with high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, they presented very approximate results in the concentration of adulterants found in the formulations. There is still no unified regulation established by the government for control of herbal products. Each country has its laws, but the marketing is global. Maybe this is the reason why the adulteration of natural products has been a recurring practice in various parts of the world. Therefore, effective regulation for the natural products can result in the reduction of these offenses, and punishment of offenders, thus ensuring the rights of consumers to make quality treatment, safe and effective, without prejudice to health. Keywords: Pharmaceutical formulations, adulterants, diuretics, laxatives, methods of separation, electrochemical detection.
O uso de ervas medicinais como tratamento alternativo tem crescido por se acreditar que produtos naturais não causam danos à saúde. No entanto casos de adulteração de produtos naturais com adição não declarada de fármacos sintéticos, presumidamente para aumentar a eficácia dos mesmos, têm sido relatados na literatura. No caso de formulações emagrecedoras os principais adulterantes já encontrados são anorexígenos, antidepressivos, benzodiazepínicos, diuréticos e laxantes. A identificação destas fraudes só é possível com a aplicação de metodologias analíticas capazes de detectar a presença destes adulterantes nas formulações. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de duas metodologias empregando técnicas de separação com detecção eletroquímica para a determinação de diuréticos e laxantes como adulterantes em produtos naturais. O método empregando eletroforese capilar de zona (CZE) com detecção por condutividade sem contato (C4D) permite a determinação simultânea de amilorida, clortalidona, hidroclorotiazida, furosemida e fenolftaleína nas condições otimizadas: eletrólito de trabalho tampão fosfato 20 mmol L-1 (pH 9,2) contendo metanol 30% (v/v), potencial de separação -15 Kv, temperatura 25 °C; injeção hidrodinâmica por gravidade em 20 cm durante 60 s. O método empregando cromatografia de par iônico (IPC) com detecção por amperometria pulsada (PAD) permite a determinação de hidroclorotiazida, clortalidona e furosemida nas seguintes condições: fase móvel tampão fosfato 5 mmol L-1 (pH 4,5) contendo SDS 0,3 mmol L-1 e metanol 50% (v/v); potencial de amostragem de +0,8 V; potenciais de limpeza de -0,2 V e +1,0 V; e fluxo de 1,0 mL/min. Os dois métodos foram validados nos parâmetros de linearidade, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, precisão, exatidão e seletividade e, foram aplicados na análise de 26 amostras de produtos naturais emagrecedores adquiridos de farmácias de manipulação de nove estados brasileiros. Em três das 26 amostras foi identificada a presença ilegal do diurético hidroclorotiazida em concentrações que variaram de 0,6 a 7,0 mg/cápsula. Além disso, outras cinco amostras ditas naturais continham declarado no rótulo das embalagens a presença dos diuréticos sintéticos hidroclorotiazida ou furosemida. Os dois métodos foram capazes de identificar os adulterantes presentes nas amostras com alta seletividade e sensibilidade. Além disso, apresentaram resultados bastante aproximados com relação às concentrações encontradas dos adulterantes nas formulações. Ainda não existe uma regulamentação unificada estabelecida pelos órgãos governamentais para o controle de produtos fitoterápicos. Cada país tem a sua legislação, porém a comercialização destes produtos é globalizada. Talvez por isso a adulteração de produtos naturais vem sendo uma prática recorrente em diversas partes do mundo. Logo, uma regulamentação efetiva para os produtos de origem natural, pode resultar na redução destas infrações, ou punição dos infratores, garantindo assim os direitos dos consumidores de realizar um tratamento de qualidade, seguro e eficaz, sem prejuízo à saúde.
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Maarek, Sophie. „L'abus des laxatifs“. Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P107.

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Bücher zum Thema "Laxatives":

1

Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. Laxatives. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0.

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Capasso, Francesco. Laxatives: A practical guide. Milano: Springer, 1997.

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Sidnell, Philip. Midget ninja and tactical laxatives. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2012.

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Cummings, Mike. Overuse hazardous: Laxatives rarely needed. [Rockville, Md.] (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): [Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Public Affairs, 1992.

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Cummings, Mike. Overuse hazardous: Laxatives rarely needed. [Rockville, Md.] (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): [Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Public Affairs, 1992.

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Pederson, Donald E. Mental laxatives for a constipated mind. Studio City, Calif: Galactic Enterprises, 1999.

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United States. Food and Drug Administration, Hrsg. Laxatives overused in the quest for 'regularity'. Rockville, Md: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, 1985.

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8

Petticrew, Mark. Systematic review of the effectiveness of laxatives in the elderly. Alton: Core Research on behalf of NCCHTA, 1997.

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Parker, Philip M., und James N. Parker. Laxatives: A medical dictionary, bibliography and annotated research guide to Internet references. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2004.

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Pseudo-Mesuë. Die Canones des Pseudo-Mesue: Eine mittelalterliche Purgantien-Lehre : Übersetzung und Kommentar : im Anhang die Versio antiqua in der Druckfassung von 1561. Stuttgart: In Kommission, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Laxatives":

1

Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Introduction“. In Laxatives, 1–4. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_1.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Conclusions“. In Laxatives, 67. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_10.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „References“. In Laxatives, 69–80. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_11.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Constipation: The Rationale for Laxative Use“. In Laxatives, 5–10. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_2.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Role of Ion Transport in Laxative Action“. In Laxatives, 11–18. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_3.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Intestinal Motility and Laxative Action“. In Laxatives, 19–21. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_4.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Laxatives of Botanical Origin“. In Laxatives, 23–42. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_5.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Natural Laxatives of Mineral Origin“. In Laxatives, 43–45. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_6.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Synthetic Laxatives“. In Laxatives, 47–53. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_7.

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Capasso, Francesco, und Timothy S. Gaginella. „Laxative Abuse“. In Laxatives, 55–61. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2227-0_8.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Laxatives":

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Liang, Zhengrong, Dongqing Chen, Mark Wax, Sarang Lakare, Lihong Li, Joseph Anderson, Arie Kaufman und Donald Harrington. „A feasibility study on laxative-free bowel preparation for virtual colonoscopy“. In Medical Imaging, herausgegeben von Amir A. Amini und Armando Manduca. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.597357.

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Näppi, Janne J., Rie Tachibana, Toru Hironaka und Hiro Yoshida. „Electronic cleansing by unpaired contrastive learning in non-cathartic laxative-free CT colonography“. In Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications, herausgegeben von Brian J. Park und Thomas M. Deserno. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2611213.

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Gunn, David, Caroline Yeldho, Caroline Hoad, Luca Marciani und Robin Spiller. „O55 Lactulose increases small bowel but not colonic water content; questioning the osmotic laxative dogma“. In Abstracts of the BSG Campus, 21–29 January 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-bsgcampus.55.

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Long, Lu, Xing Liu, Lina Jin, Tracey Simon, Wenjie Ma, Mi Na Kim, Wanshui Yang et al. „Abstract 839: Association of bowel movement frequency and laxative use with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in US women and men“. In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-839.

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Zhang, Xuehong, Kana Wu, Eunyoung Cho, Jing Ma, Andrew T. Chan, Xiang Gao, Walter C. Willett, Charles S. Fuchs und Edward L. Giovannucci. „Abstract 4822: Prospective cohort studies of bowel movement frequency and laxative use and colorectal cancer incidence in US women and men.“ In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4822.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Laxatives":

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Liu, Ruofei, Ping Fan, Qinan Zhan, Qi Zhang, Siqi Chen und Renqing Kuang. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with laxatives on constipation in Parkinson's patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0055.

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Bi, Chao-ran, Jia-tong Sun, Yun-he Wang, Li-yuan Chu, Jin-lin Liu, Xin-yang Wang und Yan-jing Liu. Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Based Clearing Heat and Laxative Method against Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0002.

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